diff --git "a/questions.json" "b/questions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/questions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,41202 @@ +[ + { + "question": "Trypan osoma :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. este un gen care include specii libere \u0219i parazite ", + "B. paraziteaz\u0103 intestinul animalelor ", + "C. parazit eaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele oamenilor ", + "D. este un zooflagelat colonial " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Organismele au \u00een corpul lor un procent variabil de ap\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. meduzele \u2013 peste 90% ", + "B. semin\u021bele uscate \u2013 sub 2 % ", + "C. algele \u2013 sub 90% ", + "D. omul \u2013 peste 80% " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Thomas Hunt Morgan a elaborat teoria cromozomial\u0103 a eredit\u0103\u021bii \u00een secolul :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. XVII ", + "B. XVIII ", + "C. XIX ", + "D. XX " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Etapele de distrugere a unei bacterii de c\u0103 tre un bacteriofag sunt, \u00een ordine, urm\u0103toarele :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. inoculare, ata\u0219are, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", + "B. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", + "C. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, asamblare, eliberare ", + "D. inoculare, asamblare, multiplicare, eliberare, ata\u0219are " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. cuprinde dou\u0103 faze care alterneaz\u0103 obligatoriu doar la organismele inferioare ", + "B. include la animale o haplofaz\u0103 dominant\u0103 \u0219i o diplofaz\u0103 redus\u0103 ", + "C. se caracterizeaz \u0103 la spermatofitele evoluate prin reducerea gametofitul ui ", + "D. include diplofaza , care este genera\u021bia produc\u0103toare de game\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Caracteristicile indivizilor cu sindrom Turner sunt:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. talie redus\u0103, fa\u021b\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2nicioas\u0103, atrofie testicular\u0103 ", + "B. talie redus\u0103, g\u00e2t scurt, anomalii scheletice ", + "C. compor tament agresiv, azoospermie, anomalii scheletice ", + "D. malforma\u021bii cardiace, \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103, ginecomastie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Pepenii f\u0103r\u0103 semin\u021be sunt rez ultatul unei muta\u021bii:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. genomice ", + "B. cromozomiale ", + "C. genice ", + "D. punctiforme " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La genul Cycas :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. talul are o organizare tridimensional\u0103 \u0219i se nume\u0219te cormoid ", + "B. zigotul are un nucleu cu dimensiunea \u00eentre 0,5 \u2013 1 mm ", + "C. num\u0103rul cloroplastelor este de una per celul\u0103 ", + "D. produ\u0219ii de asimila\u021bie sunt manitolul \u0219i laminarina " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Biogeneza microtubulilor are loc la nivelul :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. nucleol ului ", + "B. dictiozom ilor ", + "C. R.E.R. -ului ", + "D. centrozom ului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Pseudopodele:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 cu participarea unor elemente citoscheletale ", + "B. particip\u0103 la transportul transmembranar specific procariotelor ", + "C. sunt foarte fine \u0219i dispuse radiar la Chrysophyta ", + "D. particip \u0103 la pro cesul de fagocitoz\u0103 realizat de globulele ro\u0219ii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Citokineza :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een paralel cu procesele anafazice controlate genetic ", + "B. implic\u0103 formarea de noi pere\u021bi nucleari \u00een jurul cromatidelor ", + "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 diferit \u00een celulele vegetale fa\u021b\u0103 de cele animale ", + "D. const\u0103 \u00een dezorganizarea \u00eenveli\u0219ului nuclear \u00een prometafaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Transduc\u0163ia:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. reprezint\u0103 exprimarea de c\u0103tre profag a unei p\u0103r\u0163i din propriul genom ", + "B. reprezint\u0103 integrarea ADN -ului viral \u00een genomul celulei gazd\u0103 ", + "C. este un fenomen de transfer de material genetic realizat de profag ", + "D. este un proces de fuziune in vitro a celulelor somatice de la specii diferite " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hemoglobina persoanelor bolnave de anemie falciform\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 acid glutamic \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \u03b2 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 6 a catenei p olipeptidice \u03b2 ", + "D. prezint\u0103 prolin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bia 6 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021bia unor gene care codific\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een metabolismul bazelor azotate determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. dismorfism facial ", + "B. microcefalie ", + "C. dureri articulare ", + "D. distrofie muscular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre bacteria patogen\u0103 \u015fi boala pe care o produce:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Plasmodium malariae \u2013 malaria ", + "B. Rhizobium leguminosarum \u2013 r\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 a cartofului ", + "C. Naegleria fowleri \u2013 meningoencefalita ", + "D. Clostridium botulinum \u2013 botulism " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Oomicetele:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. formeaz\u0103 plasmodii la floarea -t\u0103b\u0103carilor ", + "B. au hife filiforme cu perete celular celulozic ", + "C. se pot hr\u0103ni autotrof prin chemosintez\u0103 ", + "D. \u00een condi\u021bii favorabile se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin conjugare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La celula procariot\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. citoplasma pre zint\u0103 citoschelet proteinic \u0219i este lipsit\u0103 de curen\u021bi citoplasmatici ", + "B. nucleoidul este reprezentat de ADN circular complexat cu proteine histonice ", + "C. peretele celular are \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 acid diaminopimelic ", + "D. ribozomii sunt mai mari dec\u00e2t la celul a eucariot\u0103, dar au acela\u0219i rol " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen mitocondrie are loc:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. scindarea moleculelor de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd energia luminoas\u0103 ", + "B. degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a acidului piruvic p\u00e2n\u0103 la CO 2 \u0219i H 2O ", + "C. utilizarea ATP pentru reducerea CO 2 \u0219i formarea glucozei ", + "D. formarea acidului adenozin -difosforic prin fosforilarea acidului adenozin -trifosforic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cianobacteriile:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. prin fotosintez\u0103 formeaz\u0103 un tip de amidon care nu se coloreaz\u0103 cu iod ", + "B. prezint\u0103 flageli \u0219i numero\u0219i cili cu care se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 nutri\u021bie pr edominant mixotrof\u0103, dar \u0219i autotrof\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 ", + "D. posed\u0103 o teac\u0103 dur\u0103 care protejeaz\u0103 peretele celular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Metoda vectorului vi ral, comparativ cu metoda plasmidului :", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. este cea mai veche metod\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een ingineria genetic\u0103 ", + "B. presupune eliminarea por\u021biunilor patogene ale virusului ", + "C. inser\u0103 gene direct \u00een genomul unei celule, cu ajutorul curentului electric ", + "D. este o tehnic\u0103 ce nu poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru tratarea unor maladii genetice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hibrizii celulari asimetrici:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. sunt specifici plantelor, deoarece presupun utilizarea protopla\u0219tilor ", + "B. se ob\u021bin cu ajutorul tehnicii ADN-ului recombina nt ", + "C. rezult\u0103 prin eliminarea preferen\u021bial\u0103 a cromozomilor uneia dintre speciile genitoare ", + "D. sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru izolarea cromozomilor \u0219i alc\u0103tuirea cariotipului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. este conect at la membrana nuclear \u0103 ", + "B. este comun procariotelor \u0219i eucariotelor ", + "C. este delimitat de un perete dublu ", + "D. este locul \u00een care se sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Lipidele din organismele vii sunt:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. simple \u00een substan\u021ba matriceal\u0103 a membranelor biologice ", + "B. fosfoaminolipide cu rol energetic \u00een celul a animal\u0103 ", + "C. fosfolipide \u00een constituirea receptorilor de membran\u0103 ", + "D. asociate \u00een structura unor enzime cu glucide \u0219i proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt structuri caracteristice miofibrilelor:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. discuri clare care prezint\u0103 la mijloc banda \u00eentunecat\u0103 H ", + "B. miofilamente groase de actin\u0103 \u0219i sub\u021biri de miozin\u0103 ", + "C. sarcomere situat e \u00eentre dou\u0103 membrane Z succe sive ", + "D. 9 perechi de microtubuli coordona\u021bi de blefaroplast " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al cromozomului 4:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. este o anomalie heterozomal\u0103 ", + "B. are o frecven\u021b\u0103 dubl\u0103 la fete fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi ", + "C. nu afecteaza durata de viata ", + "D. este caracterizat\u0103 printr -un \u021bip\u0103t caracteristic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile, spre deosebire de cloroplaste :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 oxizomi pe membrana intern\u0103 ", + "B. asigur\u0103 ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", + "C. con\u021bin ADN, ARN, ribozomi, enzime ", + "D. nu se formeaz\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u201e de novo\u201d " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Membrana celular\u0103 la procariote:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. formeaz\u0103 vezicule de exocitoz\u0103 ", + "B. catabolizeaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de substan\u021be ", + "C. formeaz\u0103 invagin\u0103ri cu rol respirator ", + "D. este constituit\u0103 din polizaharide \u0219i polipeptide " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen constitu\u021bia organismelor vii :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. actina \u015fi timina sunt baze azotate ", + "B. trigliceridele \u015fi chitina sunt lipide ", + "C. miozina \u015fi cheratina sunt glucide ", + "D. clorofila \u015fi anticorpii sunt proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Bardoul \u0219i cat\u00e2rul:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi cu genitorul matern ", + "B. au ca genitor i patern i Equs caballus , \u0219i Equs mulus ", + "C. au aceea\u0219i ereditate extranuclear\u0103 , deoarece au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi ", + "D. sunt hibrizi reciproci , care manifest\u0103 sterilitate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele caractere ereditare normale se transmit exclusiv dominant:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. prognatismul, forma \u00eengust\u0103 a nasului ", + "B. p\u0103rul c\u00e2rlion\u021bat, lobul liber al urechii ", + "C. forma lat\u0103 a nasului, lobul ata\u0219at al urechii ", + "D. p\u0103rul drept, strung\u0103rea\u021ba " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Victor Babe\u0219 a contribuit la dezvoltarea \u0219tiin\u021belor medicale mondiale deoarece :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. a elaborat primul tratat de virusologie din lume ", + "2. a descoperit peste 50 de agen\u021bi patogeni ", + "3. a descoperit tratamentul \u00eem potriva malariei ", + "4. a ini\u021biat seroterapia modern\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Citosolul con\u021bine :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. fibre proteice , care formeaz\u0103 citoscheletul ", + "2. macromolecule , care formeaz\u0103 solu\u021bii coloidale ", + "3. microtubuli, microfilamente \u0219i fibre intermediare ", + "4. 1% ap\u0103, substan\u021be organice \u0219i anorganice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Istoria ingineriei genetice include numeroase descoperiri, cum sunt:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. 1967 \u2013 descoperirea structurii macromoleculei de ADN ", + "2. 1978 \u2013 na\u0219terea primului copil prin fertilizare in vitro ", + "3. 1979 \u2013 ob\u021binerea unei plante pornind de la un protoplast ", + "4. 1983 \u2013 ob\u021binerea primelor ,,himere\u201d interspecifice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Trecerea coloizilor de la starea de sol la cea de gel depinde de:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. cantitatea de ap\u0103 din celul\u0103 ", + "2. temperatur\u0103 ", + "3. v\u00e2rsta celulei 5 ", + " 4. prezen\u021ba O 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele asocieri \u00eentre fenotip \u015fi genotip la unele ras e de iepuri:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. blan\u0103 de culoare cenu\u015fie \u2013 CC; Ccch; Cch; Cc ", + "2. blan\u0103 de culoare gri bej - cchcch; chch; cchch ", + "3. blan\u0103 complet alb\u0103 (iepure albinos) \u2013 cc ", + "4. blan\u0103 alb cu negru (iepure alb himalaian) \u2013 chc; cchc " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Prezint\u0103 sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc homogametic:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. c\u00e2nepa de var\u0103 ", + "2. amfibienii ", + "3. albina ", + "4. p\u0103s\u0103rile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt afirma\u0163ii adev\u0103rate referitoare la constituen\u0163ii specifici ai neuronului:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. neurofibrilele sunt formate din reticul endoplasmatic rugos ", + "2. corpusculii Nissl sunt \u00eent\u00e2lni\u0163i \u00een corpul celular, axon \u015fi dendrite ", + "3. miofibrilele sunt a lc\u0103tuite din miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u015fi miozin\u0103 ", + "4. num\u0103rul corpilor tigroizi variaz\u0103 numeric, \u00een func\u0163ie de starea fiziologic\u0103 a celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt determinate de gene extranucleare :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber ", + "2. enzime implicate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", + "3. androsterilitatea la plante ", + "4. direc\u0163ia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la Limnaea " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La Zea mays:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. determinismul sexelor este cromozomal cu heterozomi multipli ", + "2. planta are sexe separate determinate genic ", + "3. exist\u0103 plante femele de tip XX \u015fi plante mascule de tip XY ", + "4. apare fenomenul de inversare a sexului sub ac\u0163iunea unor virusuri " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt tehnici specifice ingineriei genetice:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. terapia genic\u0103 ", + "2. hibridarea somatic\u0103 ", + "3. transferul interspecific ", + "4. conversia genic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i speciile de fungi care fac parte din grupa Bazidiomicete:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Cantharellus cibarius ", + "2. Tilletia tritici ", + "3. Pleurotus ostreatus ", + "4. Monilia fructigena " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caractere de superioritate ale ciliatelor \u00een raport cu alte protozoare:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. ingerarea hranei prin citostom \u015fi citofaringe ", + "2. formarea de chisturi \u00ee n condi\u0163ii de mediu neprielnice ", + "3. func\u0163ionarea alternativ\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 vacuole contractile ", + "4. hr\u0103nirea autotrof\u0103 la lumin\u0103 \u015fi heterotrof\u0103 la \u00eentuneric " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt func\u021bii al e vacuolelor:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. depozitarea substan\u021belor de rezerv\u0103 ", + "2. asigurarea constan\u021bei pH -ului celular ", + "3. men\u021binerea turgescen\u021bei celulei ", + "4. participarea la procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Plastidele, spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", + "2. sunt specializate func\u021bional ", + "3. se g\u0103sesc \u00een celulele tuturor organismelor oxibionte ", + "4. pot transforma energia solar\u0103 \u00een energie chimic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Enun\u021burile corecte cu privire la interac\u021biunea ereditate \u2013 mediu, sunt:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. capacitatea organismelor de a r\u0103spunde la condi\u021biile de mediu este ereditar\u0103, \u00een limite impuse de ", + "2. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet umiditatea determin\u0103 apari\u021bia indivizilor cu benzi negre pe abdomen ", + "3. muta\u021biile genice pot conduce la cre\u0219terea heterozigo\u021biei, a fondului de gene a popula\u021biei \u0219i implicit a variabilit\u0103\u021bii acesteia. ", + "4. muta\u021biile sunt modif ic\u0103ri programate ale materialului genetic, rezultate \u00een urma recombin\u0103rilor genetice. " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Galactozemia se c aracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. blocarea sintezei unei catene din molecula hemoglobinei ", + "2. transformarea galactozei \u00een glucoz\u0103 ", + "3. \u00eenlocuirea acidului glutamic cu valina ", + "4. inhibarea metabolismului hidrocarburilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre specie \u0219i num\u0103rul de cromozomi corespunz\u0103tor:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. ceap\u0103 \u2013 16 ", + "2. c\u00e2ine \u2013 78 ", + "3. cartof \u2013 48 ", + "4. oaie \u2013 20 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular are urmatoarele caracteristici :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. la tulpinile lemnoase, pe fa\u021ba lui extern\u0103 , prin ad\u0103ugarea unor produs e secundare ale metabolismului ", + "2. la plante, el este alc\u0103tuit din molecule de glucoz\u0103 \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice de pectin\u0103 \u0219i hemiceluloz\u0103 ", + "3. este impermeabil pentru ap\u0103, dar permeabil pentru majoritatea substan\u021belor solubile \u00een ap\u0103 ", + "4. celuloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 elasticitate, iar pectina \u0219i hemiceluloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 plasticitate. " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre speciile prezentate \u0219i clasele din care fac parte acestea :", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Rhyzomucor parasiticus \u2013 Ascomicete ", + "2. Ustilago maydis \u2013 Bazidiomicete ", + "3. Morchella esculenta \u2013 Zigomicete ", + "4. Cantharellus cibarius \u2013 Bazidiomicete " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele vegetale mature , comparativ cu cele tinere, prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. raportul volumului nucleu/citoplasm\u0103 este mult diferit ", + "2. pozi\u021bia nucleului este de regul\u0103 central\u0103 ", + "3. con\u021bin numeroase materii de rezerv\u0103 ", + "4. dimensiunile sunt mai mici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt considerate abateri aparente sau reale de la legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 - la Pisum ", + "2. supradominan\u021ba \u2013 la hibrizi heterozigo\u021bi ", + "3. codominan\u021ba - la Mirabilis jalapa ", + "4. polialelia - la om " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolul, spre deosebire de ribozomi:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. nu este delimitat de un \u00eenveli\u0219 membranar ", + "2. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul profazei ", + "3. con\u021bine ribonucleoproteine ", + "4. este \u00een contact direct cu carioplasma " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Structurile cu rol \u00een conversia en ergiei din organismele vii sunt:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. cristele mitocond riale ", + "2. aparatul genetic plastidial ", + "3. membranele tilacoidale ", + "4. lizozomii cu hidrolaze " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Este adenovirus :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. virusul ebola ", + "2. bacteriogagul T4 ", + "3. virusul rabiei ", + "4. virusul herpetic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Poliploizii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. apar spontan la plantele din regiunile polare ", + "2. formele triploide manifest\u0103 sterilitate ", + "3. diploidizarea hibrizilor sterili poate induce f ertilitate ", + "4. sunt mai mici dec\u00e2t formele diploide ale aceleia\u0219i specii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleoplasma con\u021bine :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. proteine fibrilare care me n\u021bin forma nucleului ", + "2. ioni, proteine, nucleotide ", + "3. o solu\u021bie coloidal\u0103 cu aspect omogen ", + "4. ribozomi implica\u021bi \u00een sinteza proteinelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Proteine le prezente \u00een membrana celular\u0103 au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. enzimele \u2013 transmit semnale spre interiorul celulei ", + "2. receptorii \u2013 formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi de hidrogen cu apa ", + "3. canalele \u2013 reduc fluiditatea prin membran\u0103 ", + "4. markeri i \u2013 recunosc celule de acela\u0219i tip " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri referitoare la enzimele din lizozomi:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. se stocheaz\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", + "2. prin eliberare se activeaz\u0103 ", + "3. pot liza unele organite uzate ", + "4. au rol \u00een autofagie \u0219i heterofagie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristic i ale peretelui celular:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziune \u0219i este elastic ", + "2. lamela mijlocie este format\u0103 \u00een special din celuloz\u0103 ", + "3. prezint\u0103 punctu a\u021biuni traversate de plasmodesme ", + "4. men\u021bine forma celulei fiind definit ca endoschelet " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta/variantele corecte referitoare la acizii nucleici :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. T. H. Morgan a demonstrat c\u0103 ADN -ul are o structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 ", + "2. cantitatea de ADN se dubleaz\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 prin transcrip\u021bie ", + "3. informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 este copiat\u0103 \u00eentr -o anumit\u0103 succesiune a aminoacizilor ", + "4. cu ajutorul anticodonului, ARNt recunoa\u0219te codonul specific aminoacidului din ARNm " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La \u00eencruci\u0219area AABb x AaBB, \u00een F1 rezult\u0103 :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. o segregare de 3D: 1r dup\u0103 fenotip ", + "B. un procent de 25% pentru fiecare genotip rezultat ", + "C. genotipul p\u0103rin\u021bilor , \u00een procent de 75% ", + "D. un num\u0103r de 4 game\u021bi recombina\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. celuloz\u0103 \u2013 eubacterii ", + "B. agar - oomicete ", + "C. ergosterol - bacteriofagi ", + "D. peridinin\u0103 - unele alge unicelulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriofagul T4 :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine nucleotide cu timin\u0103 ", + "B. are un material genetic accesoriu ", + "C. exist\u0103 ca profag liber \u00een nucleolul gazdei ", + "D. \u00een ciclul litic se replic\u0103 simultan cu nucleul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre rolul organitelor celulare :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. mitocondria genereaz\u0103 ATP prin foto liz\u0103 ", + "B. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos asigur\u0103 sinteza hormonilor steroizi ", + "C. rodoplastele con\u021bin ficobiline, clorofil\u0103 a \u0219i c ", + "D. dictiozomii transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een glicopro teine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul \u2033cri du chat\u2033 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. dele\u021bia bra\u021bului q al unui cromozom din grupa B ", + "B. trisomie par\u021bial\u0103 pentru un autozom ", + "C. \u00eenapoiere mi ntal\u0103 grav \u0103 \u0219i malforma\u021bii laringiene ", + "D. ginecomastie \u0219 i atrofie testicular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Claviceps purpurea :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. are c\u00e2te 8 asce grupate \u00een apotecii ", + "B. con\u021bine \u00een sclero\u021bi E rgomet \u0219i ergotoxin\u0103 ", + "C. prin germinarea sclero\u021bilor apar periteciile ", + "D. are un miceliu de tip sifonoplast " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Num\u0103rul de cromozomi din anafaza mitotic\u0103 a unei celu le apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui individ cu sindrom Klinefelter este de:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. 92 ", + "B. 47 ", + "C. 48 ", + "D. 94 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Se transmit dominant autozomal :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. brahidactilia, dolicocefalia, polidactilia ", + "B. nasul lung, p\u0103rul drept, prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", + "C. brahicefa lia, sindactilia, strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", + "D. pistrui i, cecitatea cromatic\u0103, p\u0103rul c\u00e2rlion\u021bat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Euglena viridis \u0219i Trypanosoma gambiense se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. flagelilor \u0219i a membranei ondulante ", + "B. vacuolelor digestive \u0219i a stigmei ", + "C. unui singur nucleu cu nucleol ", + "D. granulelor de paramilon " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Gena care determin\u0103 daltonismul :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. se mo\u0219tene\u0219te de la tat\u0103 la fiu ", + "B. se transmite non-mendelian ", + "C. este dominant\u0103 la b\u0103ie\u021bi ", + "D. se mo\u0219tene\u0219te de la bunic ul matern la nepot " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mitocondrii se poate afirma c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. ADNmt determin\u0103 androsterilitate la animale ", + "B. con\u021bin mai multe gene dec\u00e2t cloroplastele ", + "C. deriv\u0103 din veziculele reticulului endoplasmatic ", + "D. ADNmt prezint\u0103 muta\u021bii \u00een celule le canceroase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Au efect letal :", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. botulina produs\u0103 de Boletus sp. ", + "B. gena hemofiliei \u2013 pentru genotipul XhYh ", + "C. paramecina secretat\u0103 de tipul Kk ", + "D. gena pentru anemia falciform\u0103 \u2013 la heterozigo\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Persoanele cu sindrom Down spre deosebire de cele cu sindrom Klinefelter :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. au 3 cromozomi acrocentrici ", + "B. prezint\u0103 o muta\u021bie de tip aneuploid ", + "C. pot fi lipsite de corpuscul Bar r ", + "D. provin din ovule (n+ X) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la caracteristicile unor ribovirusuri:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. virusu l rabic prezint\u0103 corp \u0219i coad\u0103 ", + "B. virusul herpetic se lo calizeaz\u0103 \u00een ganglionii spinali ", + "C. virusul mozaicului tutunului are o capsid\u0103 sferic\u0103 ", + "D. virusul HIV determin\u0103 un ciclu lizogen " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Au structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. mureina din peretele celulelor de Saccharomyces sp. ", + "B. tubulinele din nucleoplasma de la Clostridium sp. ", + "C. chitina din hifel e septate de la Aspergillus sp. ", + "D. celuloza din pere\u021bii celulari de la Streptococcus sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi a firma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre p ermeabilitatea selectiv\u0103 a plasmalemei celulei animale:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. solu\u0163iile pot fi \u00eencorporate prin fagocitoz\u0103 ", + "B. CO 2 poate difuza prin bistratul lipidic ", + "C. ionii de Na+ sunt pompa\u0163i spre interiorul celulei ", + "D. apa difuzeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul proteinelor c\u0103r\u0103u\u015f " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bacillus subtilis :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. se \u00eenmul\u021beste prin clivare transversal\u0103 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 tilacoide \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "C. are spa\u0163iul celular compartimentat ", + "D. con\u021bine murein\u0103 \u00een membrana celular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Vacuolele sunt :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. foarte slab dezvoltate \u00een celulele fungale ", + "B. delimitate de o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 simpl\u0103 ", + "C. de dimensiuni mici \u00een celu lele turgescente ", + "D. implicate \u00een men\u021binerea homeostaziei celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen diviziunea de matura\u0163ie:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. celula mam\u0103 are (n) perechi de cromozomi ", + "B. \u00een profaz\u0103 \u015fi metafaz\u0103 exist\u0103 tetrade cromatidice ", + "C. cantitatea de ADN dintr -o celul\u0103 mam \u0103 este 2C ", + "D. exist\u0103 un singur centru celular cu doi centrioli \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Studiul izolatelor umane:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. este utilizat exclusiv pentru stabilirea naturii dominante sau recesive a bolii ", + "B. eviden\u021biaz\u0103 frecven\u0163e diferite ale genelor fa\u0163\u0103 de popula\u0163ia general\u0103 ", + "C. ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a observa fenomenul de heterozis \u00een popula\u021bie ", + "D. furnizeaz\u0103 argumente pentru demonstrarea avantajelor consangviniz\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi plastidele:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. realizeaz\u0103 replicarea conserv ativ\u0103 a ADN extranuclear ", + "B. se pot reproduce separat de diviziunea nucleului ", + "C. sunt prezente \u00een citoplasma spematozoidului ", + "D. sunt constituen\u021bi universali ai celulelor eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Privind ultrastructura celulei eucariote animale, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. pectinele sunt componentul principal al lamelei mijlocii ", + "B. REG este implicat \u00een procesul de detoxifiere a celulei ", + "C. lizozomii sunt sediul unor reac\u0163ii de hidroliz\u0103 a ATP ", + "D. centriolii sunt forma\u021bi din microtubuli \u015fi proteine contractile " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Determinism ul sexelor este de tip:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Drosophila \u2013 c\u00e2nep\u0103 , Bomby x mori ", + "B. Abraxas \u2013 porumbel, Humulus lupulus ", + "C. Drosophila \u2013 salamandra, Bryonia dioica ", + "D. genic \u2013crapul, Zea mays " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Amniocenteza :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een ultimul trimestru al sarcinii ", + "B. permite analiza unor markeri fetali ", + "C. prezint\u0103 un risc de avort spontan de 10% ", + "D. se recomand\u0103 femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate care au sub 30 de ani " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Clonarea la mamifere :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. folose\u015fte transplantul de nucleu haploid ", + "B. necesit\u0103 enuclea rea unei celul e somatic e a genitorului ", + "C. se bazeaz\u0103 pe fenomenul de totipoten\u021b\u0103 a nucleului ", + "D. duce la copii ale organismului care a donat ovulul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul din perechea 16 dintr -o celul\u0103 somatic\u0103 uman\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. are dou\u0103 cromatide recombinate, \u00een S ", + "B. prezint\u0103 satelit pe bra\u0163ul scurt, \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", + "C. con\u0163ine o singur\u0103 fibr\u0103 nucleozomal\u0103, \u00een G 1 ", + "D. include dou\u0103 molecule de ADN monocatenar, \u00een G2 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Rezult\u0103 100% descenden\u021bi cu fenotipuri diferite de ale genitorilor \u00een cazul hibrid\u0103rii :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz x Mirabilis jalapa cu flori albe ", + "B. g\u0103ini albastre de Andaluzia x g\u0103ini albastre de Andaluzia ", + "C. Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze variegate x Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze verzi ", + "D. Zea mays cu boabe albastre x Zea mays cu boabe galbene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul muta\u0163iilor genomice:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. maladia cri -du chat se asociaz\u0103 cu microcefalie ", + "B. persoanele cu sindromul Down sunt sterile ", + "C. alopoliploidia poate ap\u0103rea \u00een urma tratamentului cu colchicin\u0103 ", + "D. autopoliploidia poate ap\u0103rea \u00een urma \u0219ocurilor termice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt protiste saprotrofe :", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Amoeba histolitica ", + "B. Saccharomyces cerevisae ", + "C. Perenospora sp. ", + "D. Physarum " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolul spre deosebire de nucleoid :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine o molecul\u0103 circular\u0103 de ADN ", + "2. este delimitat de membran\u0103 ", + "3. se poate vizualiza \u00een telofaza timpurie ", + "4. este bogat \u00een ARN ribozomal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul celulei de drojdie de bere este sediul proceselor de :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. replicare ", + "2. conjugare ", + "3. transcrip\u021bie ", + "4. transla\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Con\u021bine dezoxiribonucleotide :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. plasmidul F ", + "2. endosporul ", + "3. nucleosomul ", + "4. VMT -ul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Unii dintre cromozomii submetacentrici ai cariotipului uman :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. se afl\u0103 \u00een grupa B ", + "2. au raportul bra\u021belor q/p subunitar ", + "3. sunt \u00een perechile 4, 18 ", + "4. au centromerul situat median " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele vegetale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite pot avea :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. numeroase vacuole, mici ", + "2. procese de asimila\u021bie mai intense ", + "3. nucleul lobat, pozi\u021bionat central ", + "4. modific\u0103ri asociate cu apoptoza " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul profazei I se formeaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. filamentele kinetocorale care men\u021bin distan\u021ba dintre polii fusului ", + "2. bivalen\u021bii, ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii genetice intracromozomiale ", + "3. kinetocorul, care separ\u0103 cromatidele surori ale tetradei ", + "4. fusul de d iviziune \u00eentre centrozomii deplasa\u021bi la poli " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. poliploidia poate fi indus\u0103 de Lindan ", + "2. iperita \u0219i metil -metansulfonatul sunt mutageni chimici ", + "3. aneuploidia la om poate fi incompatibil\u0103 cu via\u021ba ", + "4. \u00eemperecheri de tip T -T sau T - G pot bloca transla\u021bia ARN t " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Despre ci anobacterii este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021b in ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 ", + "2. Anabena \u0219i Oscillatoria sunt acvatice ", + "3. Nostoc sp. are hete roci\u0219ti , cu rol \u00een reproducere ", + "4. pot tr\u0103i \u0219i \u00een pe\u0219teri - Actinocylus sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Specii apar\u021bin\u00e2nd genurilor :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Puccinia \u0219i Tilletia atac\u0103 Triticum aestivum ", + "2. Candida \u0219i Rhyzomucor sunt parazite ", + "3. Peziza \u0219i Morchella sunt ascomicete ", + "4. Amanita \u0219i Armillaria sunt otr\u0103vitoare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Formele triplode de dat\u0103 recent\u0103 :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. pot forma cromozomi multivalen\u021bi sau univalen\u021bi \u00een meioza I ", + "2. sunt sterile \u2013 de exemplu vi\u021ba -de- vie ", + "3. au o diviziune reduc\u021bional\u0103 dereglat\u0103 ", + "4. apar prin nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. talasemia major este o hemoglobinopatie ", + "2. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber are determinism genetic nuclear ", + "3. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o gen\u0103 recesiv\u0103 ", + "4. hemocromatoza se datoreaz\u0103 unei dele\u021bii heterozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae :", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. poate avea colonii mutante \u2033petite \u2033 ", + "2. prezint\u0103 un tal pluricelular de tip filamentos ", + "3. are ca produs de rezerv\u0103 glicogenul ", + "4. diferen\u021biaz\u0103 un conidifor ramificat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre specia gazd\u0103 \u0219i specia parazit\u0103 care determin\u0103 mana:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. cartof - Phytopthora infestans ", + "2. ceap\u0103 \u2013 Peronospora destructiv ", + "3. vi\u021ba- de- vie \u2013 Plasmopara viticola ", + "4. varza \u2013 Ustilago maydis " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmidele:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin ADN bicatenar circular ", + "2. se multiplic\u0103 prin amitoz\u0103 ", + "3. exist\u0103 \u0219i la bacteriile F+ ", + "4. sunt vectori virali ai genelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "ATP-ul:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een mitocondrii \u0219i \u00een cloroplaste ", + "2. are structura unei dezoxiribonucleotide ", + "3. con\u021bine adenin\u0103, trei grup\u0103ri fosfat \u0219i riboz\u0103 ", + "4. asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea pompei Na+- K+ \u00een nucleol " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Poate fi observat\u0103 cu ochiul liber:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. celula din pericarpul tomatelor ", + "2. bacteria Thiomargarita ", + "3. celula muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 ", + "4. celula de Saccharomyces cerevisiae " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La sinteza glicoproteinelor particip\u0103, direct sau indirect:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. nucleul ", + "2. nucleolul ", + "3. REG ", + "4. dictiozomii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul hibrid\u0103rii AaB bCcx AaBbCc, \u00een absen\u0163a recombin\u0103rii intracromozomale:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 fenotip va fi de 3:1 pentru oricare caracter ereditar considerat ", + "2. probabilitatea ca doi descenden\u021bi s\u0103 mo\u0219teneasc\u0103 aceea\u0219i combina\u021bie de cromozomi este 1/26 ", + "3. raportul de segregare va fi de 9:3:3:1 pentru oricare dou\u0103 caractere ereditare luate \u00een considera\u0163ie ", + "4. probabilitatea aparitiei indivizilor cu dou\u0103 caractere dominante \u0219i cea a apari\u0163iei indivizilor cu trei caractere dominante sunt egale " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Equus mulus \u015fi Equus hinnus prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. dereglarea meiozei ", + "2. aceea\u015fi ereditate nuclear\u0103 ", + "3. plasmagene diferite ", + "4. ereditate extranuclear\u0103 fals\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Realizarea crossing -overului implic\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. formarea tetradelor cromatidice \u00een profaza I ", + "2. dispunerea liniar\u0103 a gene lor \u00een cromozomi ", + "3. schimbul de segmente cromatidice \u00eentre omologi ", + "4. generarea de informa\u0163ie genetic\u0103 nou\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Are un num\u0103r par de microtubuli:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. centriolul ", + "2. partea mobil\u0103 a flagelului ", + "3. blefaroplastul ", + "4. centrul celular " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia / afirma\u021biile corecte despre virusuri :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. ribovirusurile con\u0163in uracil \u00een acidul nucleic ", + "2. virionul se integreaz\u0103 \u00een cromozom, \u00een ciclul lizogen ", + "3. virusul vegetativ este lipsit de capsid\u0103 ", + "4. virusurile se divid rapid , \u00een cursul ciclului litic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile metanogene :", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. fac parte din arhebacterii ", + "2. sunt utilizate la cur\u0103\u021barea apelor reziduale ", + "3. tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii lipsite de oxigen ", + "4. produc fenomenul de \u00eenflorire a apelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cenmul \u021birea sexuat\u0103 a fungilor se face prin:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. gametangiogamie \u2013 la Mucor mucedo ", + "2. oogamie special\u0103 \u2013 la Achlya sp. ", + "3. somatogamie \u2013 la Agaricus campestris ", + "4. \u00eenmugurire \u2013 la Saccharomyces cerevisiae " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Boletus edulis are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. hife neseptate; basidiospori ", + "2. plectenchim; somatogamie ", + "3. glicogen; gametogamie ", + "4. chitin\u0103; corp de fructifica\u0163ie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sarcodinele din apele marine:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. formeaz\u0103 pseudopode; exemplu - Amoeba proteus ", + "2. prezint\u0103 un exoschelet silicios; exemplu \u2013 radiolarii ", + "3. se hr\u0103nesc prin osmoz\u0103; exemplu \u2013 Enta moeba histolitica ", + "4. sunt planctonice; exemplu \u2013 foraminiferele " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru sinteza humulinei de c\u0103tre Escherichia coli, pornind de la ARNm este nevoie de:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. ADN ligaz\u0103 ", + "2. endonucleaze de restric \u021bie ", + "3. reverstranscriptaz\u0103 ", + "4. ARNm din celulele hepatice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Este consecin \u021ba unei muta \u021bii recesive la nivelul genomului nuclear:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. neuropatia optic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 Leber ", + "2. galactozemia ", + "3. anemia falciform\u0103 ", + "4. distrofia muscular\u0103 Duchenne " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Prin \u00eencruci \u0219area \u00eentre dou\u0103 linii consangvinizate la porumb, rezult\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. indivizi cu gene recesive homozigotate ", + "2. segregare dup\u0103 genotip \u0219i fenotip \u00een descenden \u021b\u0103 ", + "3. indivizi cu rezisten \u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 la condi \u021bii nefav orab ile ", + "4. descenden \u021bi care au o productivitate mai ridicat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La \u00eencruci \u0219area \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. 25% din embrioni sunt homozigo \u021bi dominan \u021bi ", + "2. legile lui Mendel nu au aplicabilitate ", + "3. \u00een F1 dispare o categorie genotipic\u0103 ", + "4. alela pentru culoarea galben\u0103 a bl\u0103nii este recesiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele eucariote se caracter izeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. globulele ro\u015fii \u015fi celulele mezenchimale au form\u0103 discoidal\u0103 ", + "B. peretele celular secundar este sub\u0163ire \u015fi elastic \u0219i poate con\u0163ine ceruri, sporopolenine etc. ", + "C. pompa de Na +/ K+ expulzeaz\u0103 doi ioni de Na+ \u015fi introduce trei ioni de K+ ", + "D. canalele RE po t ocupa peste 50% din spa\u0163iul celular, av\u00e2nd \u015fi rol mecanic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi a firma\u0163ia adev\u0103rat\u0103 privind amitoza :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. nucleul \u015fi citoplasma se divid sincron , ca \u015fi \u00een diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103 ", + "B. diviziunea prin clivare are loc la Pleurococcus viridis \u015fi Escherichia coli ", + "C. drojdia de bere, numit\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, se \u00eenmul\u021be\u0219te prin \u00eenmugurire ", + "D. diviziunea prin strangulare presupune invaginarea membranei celulare \u0219i g\u00e2tuirea nucleului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Genele extranucleare:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. determin\u0103 direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la g asteropodele terestre din genul Limnaea ", + "B. sunt mai numeroase \u00een primordiile cloroplastelor game\u0163ilor b\u0103rb\u0103te\u015fti dec\u00e2t \u00een cele femeie\u0219ti ", + "C. determin\u0103 sensibilitatea unor tipuri de musculi\u0163e de o\u0163et la concentra\u0163ii crescute de CO 2 ", + "D. sunt localizate \u00een nucleul para mecilor, sub forma particulelor Kappa, cu rol \u00een conjugare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Procariotele pot:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. produce endospor i lipsi\u021bi de ADN , ca o form \u0103 de conservare a speciei ", + "B. fi heterotrofe (bacteriile halofile ) sau autotrofe (bacteriile fermentative ) ", + "C. utiliza O 2 \u00een scopul ob\u021binerii d e energie, \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba unor enzime respiratorii ", + "D. fixa azotul din ap\u0103, duc\u00e2nd la \u00eembog\u0103\u0163irea mediului lor de via\u0163\u0103 \u00een azot. " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. la Euglena viridis , produsul final al fotosintezei este reprezentat de paramilon ", + "B. Tripanosoma gambiense este parazit doar \u00een lichidul cefalorahidian ", + "C. prin simbioz\u0103 cu algele albastre -verzi, radiolarii cap\u0103t\u0103 culoarea verde ", + "D. Plasmodium malariae se \u00eenmul\u0163 e\u015fte asexuat \u00een corpul \u0163\u00e2 n\u0163arului Anofel " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile intervin \u00een:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. sinteza unor proteine \u015fi transportul di ver\u015filor ioni, ca \u015fi reticulul endoplasmatic neted ", + "B. producerea de energie \u00een cadrul unui ciclu de reac\u0163ii catalizate de enzime hidrolitice ", + "C. sinteza unor compu\u015fi macroergici, cum ar fi ATP \u2013ul, ob\u0163inut prin fosforilare oxidativ\u0103 ", + "D. ereditatea extranuclear\u0103, prin moleculele de ADN \u00eenglobate \u00een crestele mitocondriale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomii prezint\u0103 ribozomi ce se continu\u0103 cu canalele reticulului endoplasmatic ", + "B. osmoza const\u0103 \u00een trecerea moleculelor de solvit prin membrana semipermeabil\u0103 a celulei ", + "C. glucoza nu are nevoie de proteine transportatoare pentru a difuza prin membrana celular\u0103 ", + "D. neurofibrilele sunt organite celulare specifice, prezente \u00een neuroplasm\u0103, axo ni \u015fi dendrite " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Equus hinnus este :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. calul ", + "B. m\u0103garul ", + "C. cat\u00e2rul ", + "D. bardoul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Eviden\u021bierea corpusculu lui Barr:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. este un test obligatoriu \u00een competi\u021biile sportive interna\u021bionale ", + "B. se efectueaz\u0103 pentru activarea genelor nefunc\u021bionale ", + "C. reprezint\u0103 o cale de identificare exact\u0103 a sexului masculin ", + "D. implic\u0103 studierea nucleul ui profazic la femei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021bele organice :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. amidonul \u0219i fosfolipidele au rol structural ", + "B. celuloza \u0219i chitina sunt substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 ", + "C. trigliceridele \u0219i glicogenul au rol energetic ", + "D. enzimele \u0219i cerurile sunt biocatalizatori " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anemia falciform\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. starea heterozigot\u0103 este letal\u0103 ", + "B. hematiile transport\u0103 mai pu\u021bin oxigen ", + "C. hemoglobina este afectat\u0103 la nivelul caten ei \u03b1 ", + "D. valina este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu ac idul glutamic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing -over -ul este:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. o segregare independent\u0103 a cromozomilor bivalen\u021bi ", + "B. un transfer unidirec\u0163ional de informa\u0163ie genetic\u0103 ", + "C. un schimb echilibrat de gene \u00eentre cromatidele nesurori ", + "D. recombinare a bidirec\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre cromozomi din perechi diferite " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Proteine din structura materiei vii sunt:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. miozina \u015fi steroizii ", + "B. chitina \u015fi ergosterolul ", + "C. cerurile \u015fi prolaminele ", + "D. clorofila \u015fi cheratina " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Clostridium botulin um este :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. un organism cu respira\u021bie aerob\u0103 ", + "B. distrus u\u0219or la temperaturi de 80\u043eC ", + "C. bogat \u00een murein\u0103, o protein\u0103 fibrilar\u0103 ", + "D. o specie anaerob\u0103 cu poten\u021bial patogen ridicat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Diatomita poate fi utilizat\u0103 ca :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. fertilizator ", + "B. produs dietetic ", + "C. mediu de cultur\u0103 ", + "D. filtru nat ural " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mucegaiul negru de p\u00e2ine este provocat de c\u0103tre :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Naegleria fowleri ", + "B. Synchytrium endobioticum ", + "C. Rhyzomucor parasiticus ", + "D. Rhyzopus stolonifer " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Virusurile care con\u0163in ADN:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. se mai numesc ADN -ribovirusuri ", + "B. sunt distruse prin tratament cu antibiotice ", + "C. distrug cel ula atunci c\u00e2nd se afl\u0103 \u00een ciclu lizogen ", + "D. au ca reprezentant bacteriofagul T4 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cea mai mare diferen\u0163\u0103 dintre bra\u0163e le p \u0219i q exist\u0103 \u00een cazul cromozomilor din grupele :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. A \u0219i B ", + "B. C \u0219i E ", + "C. D \u0219i G ", + "D. F \u0219i G " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Turgescen\u0163a unei celule vegetale:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. este presiunea peretelui ce lular asupra citoplasmei ", + "B. scade \u00eentr -o solu\u0163ie hiper ton\u0103 ", + "C. determin\u0103 procesul de citoliz\u0103 ", + "D. descre\u0219te \u00een mediu hip otonic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Epoxizii sunt:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. ceruri complexe ", + "B. factori mutageni ", + "C. steroizi vegetali ", + "D. enzime hidrolitice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul Y:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. este lipsit de centromer ", + "B. este de tip acrocentric, lipsit de satelit ", + "C. con\u021bine doar 5% din genomul uman ", + "D. poate con\u021bine gena mutant\u0103 pentru miopatia Duchenne " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cemperecherile aberante de tip TT sunt produse de:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. razele R\u00f6entgen ", + "B. radia\u021bii corpusculare ", + "C. razele ultraviolete ", + "D. radia\u021biile gamma " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prin amnioc entez\u0103 se poate detecta urm\u0103 toarea maladie metabolic\u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. trisomia \u00een mozaic ", + "B. idio\u0163ia maurotic\u0103 ", + "C. trisomia 13 ", + "D. spina bifida " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt determinate de gene autozomale recesive:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. daltonismul \u015fi fenilcetonuria ", + "B. talasemia major\u0103 \u0219i brahidactilia ", + "C. cretinismul sporadic \u015fi hem ofilia ", + "D. galactozemia \u015fi albinismul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. zigomicetele se \u00eenmul\u0163esc prin spori forma\u0163i \u00een sporangi, numi\u0163i conidii ", + "B. unele specii din filumul Chytridiomycota sunt parazite \u00een tubul digestiv al unor mamifere ", + "C. ascomicetele se pot \u00eenmul\u0163i p rin spori sexua\u0163i \u2013 conidii \u015fi asexua\u0163i \u2013 ascospori ", + "D. la Claviceps purpurea , sclero\u0163ii con\u0163in ergotoxina \u015fi ergometrina " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. o membran\u0103 nuclear\u0103 dubl\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de permeabilitate ", + "B. refringen\u021b\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t citosolul \u00een care este \u00eenglobat ", + "C. \u00een cromatin\u0103 forma\u0163iuni sferice, cu membran\u0103, numite nucleoli ", + "D. doi centrioli, alc\u0103tui\u0163i din microtubuli \u015fi microfilamente proteice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Determinism cromozomal cu heterozomi mu ltipli apare la :", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Bryonia dioica ", + "B. Humulus lupulus ", + "C. Apis melifera ", + "D. Bombyx mori " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hidrolaze le:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. sunt stocate \u00een lizozomi \u00eentr -un mediu acid ", + "B. diger\u0103 con\u021binutul fagozomilor la specii de amoebe ", + "C. distrug substan\u021be proprii organismului prin heterofagie ", + "D. sunt implicate \u00een producerea de energie la nivel celular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. colesterolul m\u0103re\u0219te fluiditatea membranei plasmatice ", + "B. glicerolul este o substan\u021b\u0103 cu trei grup\u0103ri \u2013OH nepolare ", + "C. fitosterolii sunt lipide complexe, indispensabili celulei nervoase ", + "D. fosfolipidele au p\u0103r\u021bi hidrofile care vin \u00een contact cu proteine membranare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Vacuolele din celulel e vegetale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite , spre deosebire de cele din celulele tinere:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. sunt delimitate de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", + "B. se numesc vacuole digestive \u0219i realizeaz\u0103 digestia la protozoare \u0219i spongieri ", + "C. sunt mai pu\u021bin numeroase \u0219i pot ocupa mare parte din sp a\u021biul celular ", + "D. au rol \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 \u0219i \u00een depozitarea unor substan\u021be anabolice \u0219i catabolice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la \u00eenveli\u015furile celulare, sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u0163iile:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. peretel e celular vegetal con\u021bine molecule de celuloz\u0103 \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice de pectin\u0103 \u0219i hemiceluloz\u0103 ", + "2. modelul membranar al mozaicului fluid a fost propus de S.J.Singer \u015fi G.C. Nicholson \u00een anul 1970 ", + "3. peretele celular al procariotelor poate con\u0163ine acid diamin opimelic, peptidoglicani etc. ", + "4. proteinele transmembranare str\u0103bat doar par\u0163ial plasmalema eucariotelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Acidul dezoxiribonucleic:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. la om , formeaz\u0103 cromozomi submetacentrici \u00een perechile 17 \u015fi 18 din grupa D ", + "2. din structura virusului herpetic poate fi cantona t \u00een ganglionii spinali de pe traseul nervilor spinali ", + "3. al procariote lor formeaz\u0103 nucleoidul, care este puternic complexat cu proteine histonice ", + "4. la bacteriile cu poten\u021bial masculin formeaz\u0103 structuri care le pot asigura o rezisten\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma \u021bia corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. sarcoamele, leucemiile pot ap\u0103rea sub ac\u0163iunea unor factori mutageni biologici ", + "2. Rubus parviflor us, rud\u0103 a murului, cu petale multiple a ap\u0103rut prin muta\u021bii spontane ", + "3. Sprenger a izolat \u0219i multiplicat o form\u0103 mutant\u0103 de rostopasc\u0103 cu frunze lacini ate ", + "4. fenolii la animale \u0219i cafeina la plante produc ruperi ale cromozomilor urmate de rearanjarea lor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la biotehnologiile moderne se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. androgeneza direct\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een ob\u0163inerea unor noi pl\u0103ntu\u0163e prin regenerarea din calus ", + "2. au fost ut ilizate pentru ob\u0163inerea de interleukine, eritropoietin\u0103, factori antihemofilici etc. ", + "3. liniile pure (izogene) sunt plante haploide, ob\u0163inute din polen, ovare, antere sau ovule nefecundate ", + "4. endonucleazele de restric\u0163ie taie molecula de ADN a unui vector plasm idial sau viral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Organitele celulare se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. cilii se pot afla la polul superior al celulelor epiteliului pseudostratificat din trahee ", + "2. cloroplastele au fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl, \u00een anul 1837 ", + "3. RE intr\u0103 \u015fi \u00een structura plasmodesmelor care asigur\u0103 leg\u0103turile intercelulare ", + "4. moleculele sintetizate la nivelul RER p\u0103trund \u00een dictiozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 legat\u0103 de Oomicete :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Achlya este asem\u0103n\u0103to are cu fungii superiori ", + "2. Albugo candida produce \u201ealbumeala cruciferelor\u201d ", + "3. Saprolegnia are perete celular chitinos ", + "4. Peronospora destructor produce mana cepei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Rizinele :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. sunt caracteristice mucegaiurilor ", + "2. au rol \u00een deplasarea rizopodelor ", + "3. sunt fragmente de tal cu rol \u00een \u00eenmul\u021bire ", + "4. au rol de fixare a lichenilor pe substrat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Constituie particularit\u0103\u0163i a le mezozomului bacterian:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. rolul de fixare a cromozomului bacterian ", + "2. implicarea sa \u00een procesul respirator ", + "3. provenien\u0163a sa din plasmalem\u0103 ", + "4. obligativitatea prezen\u0163ei sale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Tehnica amniocentezei:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. poate detecta unele abera\u0163ii cromozomiale \u015fi toate erorile metaboli ce \u00eenn\u0103scute ", + "2. const\u0103 \u00een introducerea unor substan\u021be de contrast \u00een uter \u0219i cercetarea radiologic\u0103 a fetusului ", + "3. necesit\u0103 extragerea unei cantit\u0103\u0163i de lichid amniotic \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nile 4 \u2013 8 de sarcin\u0103 ", + "4. const\u0103 \u00een centrifugarea lichidului amniotic extras \u015fi \u00een anal iza celulelor din precipitatul ob\u021binut " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163iile corecte:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. dictiozomii au rol \u00een prelucrarea unor proteine \u0219i lipide \u015fi \u00een sinteza polizaharidelor ", + "2. reticulul endoplasmatic neted are un rol important \u00een metabolismul glicogenului ", + "3. unele protein e membranare realizeaz\u0103 func\u0163ii specializate ale plasmalemei ", + "4. aparatul Golgi este situat la periferia celulei, opus nucleului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen urma reac\u021biilor oxidative din mitocondrii rezult\u0103 energie:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru mi\u0219care ", + "2. utilizabil\u0103 \u00een procesul de div iziune celular\u0103 ", + "3. care se poate pierde sub form\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", + "4. utilizabil\u0103 \u00een sinteze de noi substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cunoa\u0219terea legii segreg\u0103rii independente a perechilor de caractere are importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. procesul de ameliorare a soiurilor de plante ", + "2. ob\u021binerea de noi combina\u021bii de caractere utile ", + "3. producerea de noi soiuri de plante cultivate ", + "4. crearea unor noi rase de animale domestice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru a efectua hibridarea la plante de maz\u0103re, Mendel:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. a depus polenul recoltat de la genitorul patern pe stigmatul un ei flori castrate ", + "2. a recoltat polen de la genitorul m atern selectat pentru hibridare ", + "3. a castrat o plant\u0103 hermafrodit\u0103 de maz\u0103re prin \u00eendep\u0103rtarea staminelor ", + "4. a utilizat celule produse de aceea\u0219i floare , ca genitori matern \u0219i patern " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Algele albastre -verzi:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin ficoeritrin\u0103 \u00een cromatoplasm\u0103 ", + "2. prezint\u0103 ficocianin\u0103 \u00een centroplasm\u0103 ", + "3. au reprezentan\u021bi care pot fixa azotul atmosferic ", + "4. produc un amidon specific , asem\u0103n\u0103tor colagenului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Din \u00eencreng\u0103tura Cyanophyta face parte:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Nostoc sp. ", + "2. Rivularia sp. ", + "3. Anabaena sp. ", + "4. Oscill atoria sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Interferonul:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. are propriet\u0103\u021bi antivirale \u0219i antitumorale ", + "2. este produs \u00een mod natural de c\u0103tre fibroblaste ", + "3. poate fi produs de anumi\u021bi hibrizi celulari somatici ", + "4. este pr odus, mult mai scump, de c\u0103tre H ibridoma " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Structura bicatenar\u0103 a ADN -ului a fos t descoperit\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. J.D. Watson ", + "2. T.H. Morgan ", + "3. F.H.C. Crick ", + "4. O.T. Avery " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Equus asinus are:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. 32 perechi de cromozomi ", + "2. 31 perechi de cromozomi ", + "3. 2n= 64 cromozomi ", + "4. 2n=62 cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ascomicetele:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. dezvolt\u0103 micelii primare + \u0219i \u2013 prin germinarea ascosporilor ", + "2. se repro duc asexuat prin heterogametangiogamie ", + "3. dezvolt\u0103 anteridii \u0219i game\u021bi masculini pe miceliile tip \u2013 ", + "4. produc ascogoane \u0219i anteridii pe miceliile de tip + " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Fucoxantina:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. se poate eviden\u021bia la filumul Bacillariophyta ", + "2. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een feoplaste \u00eempreun\u0103 cu clorofila a \u0219i d ", + "3. mascheaz\u0103 pigmen\u021bii clorofilieni ai feofitelor ", + "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een peretele celular al diatomeelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cladogeneza :", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. const\u0103 \u00een scindarea unei specii \u00een mai multe specii diferite ", + "2. este procesul de acumulare a unor muta\u021bii d\u0103un\u0103toare \u00een genomul speciei ", + "3. este un fenome n evolutiv care spore\u0219te variabilitatea lumii vii ", + "4. const\u0103 \u00een transformarea progresiv\u0103 a unei specii \u00een alt\u0103 specie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ribovirusuri le produc la om :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. poliomielita ", + "2. rabia ", + "3. gripa ", + "4. herpesul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Din categoria bolilor venerice fac parte:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. gonoreea ", + "2. dizenteria ", + "3. sifilisul ", + "4. difte ria " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ritmul de diviziune al vibrionului holeric este \u00eencetinit din cauza:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. diminu\u0103rii cantit\u0103\u021bii de hran\u0103 ", + "2. unui mediu prea uscat ", + "3. radia\u021biilor ultraviolete ", + "4. utiliz\u0103rii unor antibiotice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Traian S\u0103vulescu a adus contribu\u021bii importante:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. dezvolt\u0103rii micologiei \u00een R om\u00e2nia ", + "2. \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii algologiei ca ramur\u0103 a biologiei ", + "3. studiului organismelor din regnul Fungi ", + "4. studiului algelor pluricelulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ascomicete saprofite sunt cele din genul:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Saccharomyces ", + "2. Aspergillus ", + "3. Penicillium ", + "4. Pilobolus " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Organitele celulare comune se caracteriz eaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. RE, ca \u015fi mitocondriile , este delimitat de membrane lipoproteice ", + "2. dictiozomii plantelor carnivore sunt implica\u0163i \u00een biogeneza peretelui celular. ", + "3. ribozomul complet func\u021bional este alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi inegale ", + "4. miofibrilele au miofilamente c ontractile a\u015fezate hexagonal. " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen diviziunea celular\u0103 :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een profaz\u0103 are loc condensarea cromatinei, dezorganizarea nucleolilor \u015fi a \u00eenveli\u015fului nuclear ", + "2. \u00een celulele vegetale , citochineza presupune formarea unei membrane primordiale \u00een plan ecuatorial ", + "3. \u00een telof az\u0103 au loc decondensarea cromozomilor, reorganizarea nucleolilor \u0219i a \u00eenveli\u015fului nuclear ", + "4. \u00een celulele animale, \u00een citochinez\u0103, placa central\u0103 de separare se transform\u0103 \u00eentr -o lamel\u0103 mijlocie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prionii:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. sunt molecule de ADN circular ", + "2. pot determin a boli la une le animale ", + "3. produc alungirea tuberculilor de cartof ", + "4. sunt particule infec\u021bioase de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Microtubulii:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. sunt grupa\u021bi c\u00e2te nou\u0103 \u00een trei grupe dispuse periferic la nivelul centrozomilor ", + "2. intr\u0103 \u00een structura cililor \u0219i flagelilor unde formeaz\u0103 nou\u0103 pere chi periferice \u0219i dou\u0103 perechi centrale ", + "3. lipsesc din structura centrozomilor, cililor \u0219i flagelilor la grupele de protiste ", + "4. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba citoscheletului al\u0103turi de microfilamente \u0219i fibre intermediare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Zoomastigin\u0103 parazit\u0103 pluriflagelat\u0103 este :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Entamoeba histolitica ", + "B. Codonosiga sp. ", + "C. Giardia intestinalis ", + "D. Tripanosoma gambiense " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la meioz\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. metafaza I fiecare cromozom omolog este tetracromatidic ", + "B. profaza I I se formeaz\u0103 tetradele cromozomale \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi ", + "C. finalul telofazei I cromozomii bic romatidici sunt recomb ina\u021bi ", + "D. anafaza I cromozomii bicromatidici gliseaz\u0103 pe filamentele polare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Celula bacterian\u0103 poate prezenta:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. plasmide care controleaz\u0103 replicarea cromozomului ", + "B. pili, filamente lungi, cu rol \u00een procesul de reproducere ", + "C. mucus \u0219i murein\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba glicocalixului ", + "D. fimbri le mai rigide dec\u00e2t flagelii, cu rol \u00een mi\u015fcare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Protist cu caracter de animale este :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Phytophtora sp. ", + "B. Peronospora sp. ", + "C. Proterospongia sp. ", + "D. Peredinium sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Radiolarii \u0219i foraminiferele:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. sunt un grup de amoebe dulcicole ", + "B. cont ribuie la formarea rocilor biogene ", + "C. se \u00eenmul\u0163esc prin procesul de conjugare ", + "D. au nutri\u021bie heterotrof\u0103 sau chimioautotrof\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercr omozomal\u0103 :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. permite, pe baza frecven\u021bei ei de manifestare , alc\u0103tuirea h \u0103r\u021bilor cromozomale ", + "B. are ca premis\u0103 a\u0219ezarea aleatorie a cromozomilor omologi \u00een placa metafazic\u0103 ", + "C. determin\u0103 acela\u0219i num\u0103r de combina\u021bii posibile \u00een game\u021bi \u0219i \u00een genotipul descenden\u021bilor ", + "D. caracterizeaz\u0103 metafaza II a procesului de diviziun e meiotic \u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alopoliploidia este o :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. cauz\u0103 a trisomiilor autozomale \u0219i hetero zomale ", + "B. consecin\u021b\u0103 a nondisjunc\u021bie a cromozomilor omologi ", + "C. modificare inexact\u0103 a setului haploid de cromozomi ", + "D. multiplicare a num\u0103rului de cromozomi prin hibridare spontan\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Probabilitatea ca \u00een d escenden\u021ba rezultat\u0103 din c\u0103s\u0103toria dintre o femeie purt\u0103toare a genei pentru daltonism cu un b\u0103rbat s\u0103n\u0103to s s\u0103 rezulte un copil bolnav de daltonism este de :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. 25% ", + "B. 50% ", + "C. 75% ", + "D. 100% " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u0163iile genice spontane sunt :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. recombin\u0103ri genetice intracromozomale ", + "B. consecin\u021ba unor hibrid\u0103ri interspecifice ", + "C. cauza cre\u0219terii heterozigo\u021biei popula\u021biei ", + "D. modific\u0103ri programate \u00een structura materialului genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculul Barr este absent \u00een celulele somatice ale :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. femeilor afectate de sindromul Turner ", + "B. b\u0103rba\u021bilor afecta\u021bi de sindromul Klinefelter ", + "C. femeilor afectate de sindromul D own ", + "D. femeilor afecta te de maladia Cri -du-Chat " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u0163ia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Clostridium botulinum este o specie anaerob\u0103 ", + "B. Peredinium sp. este o specie saprofit\u0103 ", + "C. Naegleria fowleri este o specie autotrof\u0103 ", + "D. Volvox aureus este o specie parazit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen tetrasomie:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. formula cariotipului uman este 2n -1 ", + "B. ca \u00een nulisomie, lipse\u0219te o pereche de cromozomi ", + "C. \u00een fiecare celul\u0103 exist\u0103 patru genomuri identice ", + "D. formula cariotipului uman este 2n+ 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een albinism scade sensibilitatea la expuneri solare ", + "B. \u00een galactozemie este stimul at metabolismul hidrocarburilor ", + "C. \u00een cretinismul sporadic tirozin a nu se transform \u0103 \u00een tiroxin \u0103 ", + "D. \u00een talasemia major\u0103 se sintetizeaz\u0103 ambele catene \u03b2 ale hemoglobinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Paramecium caudatum :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. inger\u0103 hrana prin citoproct ", + "B. este un protozoar ciliat pro cariot ", + "C. se reproduce asexuat prin conjugare ", + "D. utilizeaz \u0103 cilii \u0219i pentru procurarea hranei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Escherichia coli prezint \u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. nucleu ", + "B. plasmide ", + "C. nucleoli ", + "D. microtubuli " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la meioza unei celule mam\u0103 cu 2n=4 cromozomi :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een anafaza etapei ecva\u021bionale a meiozei exist\u0103 2n=2 cromozomi \u00een fiecare celul\u0103 ", + "B. nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi are loc la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anafazei I ", + "C. \u00een profaza I I spre deosebire de profaza I au loc fenomene de recombinare genetic\u0103 ", + "D. cei patru game\u021bi forma\u021bi con\u021bin o combina\u021bi e de material genetic, matern \u0219i patern " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen crossing -over:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. sinapsa cromozomal\u0103 se face prin intermediul unei lipoproteine ", + "B. se formeaz\u0103 gene noi prin recombinare int ercromozomal\u0103 ", + "C. schimbul de gene este mai frecvent \u00eentre genele apropiate ", + "D. are loc un schimb de ADN \u00eentre cromozomul matern \u0219i omologul patern " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm \u0103toarele organisme procariote con \u021bin pigmen \u021bi asimilatori:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. mucegaiul verde -alb\u0103strui ", + "B. algele ro \u0219ii \u0219i brune ", + "C. mucegaiul negru ", + "D. algele albastre - verzi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la protistele simbionte:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Paramecium bursaria are vacuole pulsatile ", + "B. Amoeba proteus fagociteaz\u0103 bacterii ", + "C. Rhizobacterium leguminosarum poate fixa N 2 ", + "D. Glomus sp. poate realiza micorize " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la etapele ob\u021binerii ADN-ului recombina nt:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. ob\u021binerea unui A DN insert, care con \u021bine gena de interes, cu ajutorul ligazelor, care vor fragmenta molecula de A DN \u00een anumite situsuri particulare ", + "B. stabilirea unui vector de clonare, care poate fi un virus sau o macromolecul \u0103 de AD N circular capabil de replica \u021bie independent fa \u021b\u0103 de cromozomu l bacterian ", + "C. inserarea genei de inters \u00een vector, sub ac \u021biunea endonucleazelor de restric \u021bie, care sudeaz \u0103 capetele lipicioase, rezult \u00e2nd un AD N hibrid ", + "D. introducerea AD N-ului recombinant \u00een celula gazd \u0103, prin microinjectia unor particule de metal \u00een " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. ceapa - 2n=18 ", + "B. gr\u00e2ul comun - 2n=44 ", + "C. secar a - 2n=14 ", + "D. cartoful - 2n= 38 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Paramecii \u201dsensibili\u201d :", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. transmit particule kappa \u00een timpul conjug\u0103rii ", + "B. con\u021bin circa 1600 particule kappa /celul\u0103 ", + "C. au \u00eensu\u0219iri suplimentare dator ate unui simbiont procariot ", + "D. sunt distru\u0219i de paramecina din mediul lor de via\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Analiza Doppler este utilizat\u0103, \u00een timpul sarcinii, pentru:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. depistarea embrionilor cu sindrom Down ", + "B. vizionarea car acteristici lor 3D ale f\u0103tului ", + "C. depistarea eventualelor inf ec\u021bii ale mamei ", + "D. evaluarea vitezei s\u00e2ngelui \u00een circula\u021bia fetal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Una dintre metodele de ob\u021binere a insulinei umane:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. utilizeaz\u0103 ARN -ul mesager (ARNm) produs \u00een celulele alfa ale pancreasului endocrin ", + "B. implic\u0103 ARN -ul mesager pe baza c\u0103rui se sintetizeaz\u0103 ADNc care con\u021bine secven\u021be noninforma\u021bionale de nucleotide ", + "C. presupune ob\u021binerea unei molecule de ADN compleme ntar cu secven\u021bel e de baze azotate din ARNm ", + "D. folose\u0219te enzima numit\u0103 reverstranscriptaz\u0103 pentru clonarea genelor catenelor A \u0219i B din insulin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Clon area:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. genic\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin diviziunea embrionului ", + "B. zigo\u021bilor se face prin ob\u021binerea unor copii exacte ale unor gene ", + "C. somatic \u0103 are loc prin introducerea nucleului unui ovul \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 diploid\u0103 ", + "D. celular\u0103 duce la ob\u021binerea unei colonii de celule identice pornind de la o celul \u0103 cultivat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen popula\u021biile de a merindienii din Panama \u0219i SUA:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. ca o consecin\u021b\u0103 a puternicei consangviniz\u0103ri frecven\u021ba albinismului ajunge la 1/20000 ", + "B. consangvinizarea \u0219i heterozigotar ea genelor mutante sunt consecin\u021ba izol\u0103rii geografice ", + "C. genele autozomale recesive care \u00eempiedic\u0103 sinteza melaninei sunt homozigotate cu frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1/140 ", + "D. barierele de natur\u0103 religioas\u0103, social\u0103 \u0219i rasial\u0103 au dus la homozigotarea genei care determin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Interfaza include urm\u0103toare a perioad \u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. de odihn\u0103 scurt\u0103 sau permanent\u0103, \u00een care celulele ies din ciclul celular \u0219i nu se mai divid ", + "B. de sintez\u0103, \u00een care se produc proteinele histonice iar cromozomii \u00eencep s\u0103 se spiralizeze ", + "C. premitotic\u0103 , \u00een care are loc sinteza enzimelor implicate \u00een replicarea ADN -ului ", + "D. presintetic\u0103 , \u00een care are loc replicarea semiconservativ\u0103 a cromozomilor monocromatidici " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii taxoni se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. specia este un grup de indivizi care se reproduc sexuat \u00eentre ei ", + "B. ordinul include mai multe clase \u0219i reune\u0219te mai multe familii \u00eenrudite ", + "C. genul este definit printr -un un cuv\u00e2nt \u00een limba latin\u0103 care \u00eencepe cu liter\u0103 mic\u0103 ", + "D. clasa este o categorie inferioar\u0103 regnului \u0219i superioar\u0103 \u00eencreng\u0103turii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. japonezul X. Tazima a iradiat viermii de m\u0103tase provoc\u00e2nd apari\u021bia unor pete negre pe corpul masculilor ", + "B. la gr\u00e2u, radia\u021biile neionizante au f\u0103cut posibil transferul segmentului de ADN care determin\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 ", + "C. iradierea masculilor speci ei Calitroga homini -vorax a dus la sterilizarea acestei insecte d\u0103un\u0103toare ", + "D. arborii de papaya ataca\u021bi de virusul PRVS au dezvoltat \u00een mod natural gena rezisten\u021bei la atacul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt dezoxiribovirusuri cele care provoac\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. variola ", + "B. Ebola ", + "C. gripa ", + "D. turbarea " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Schimbul reciproc de material genetic poate avea loc \u00een cadrul :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. mai multor gene ", + "2. diviziunii meiotice ", + "3. unei singure gene ", + "4. mai multor chiasme " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Indic a\u021bi organitele celulare care co n\u021bin enzime :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondriile ", + "2. lizozomii ", + "3. cloroplastele ", + "4. dictiozomii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cadrul ovogenezei:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. ovocitul primar are un num \u0103r de cromozomi identic cu al ovulului ", + "2. ovocitul rezultat din cel primar are acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi cu globulu l polar ", + "3. ovulul este o celul \u0103 haploid \u0103 rezultat \u0103 prin diviziune a mitotic \u0103 a ovocitului primar ", + "4. globuli polari se formeaz \u0103 dup\u0103 ambele etape ale diviziunii meiotice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Vacuolele :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. elimin\u0103 unele de\u0219euri celulare ", + "2. pot depozita substan\u021be toxice ", + "3. asigur\u0103 homeostazia celular\u0103 ", + "4. au rol \u00een absorb\u021bia apei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezentan\u021bii genului :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Pleuroccocus au tal unicelular mobil ", + "2. Pinularia domin\u0103 fitoplanctonul marin ", + "3. Chlamydomonas au tal unicelular imobil ", + "4. Chlorella au un perete celular celulozic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt protozoare parazite din tubul digestiv la om:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Naegleria fowleri ", + "2. Entamoeba histolytica ", + "3. Rhyzomucor parasiticus ", + "4. Giardia intestinalis " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een cariotipul uman normal, grupa G cuprinde heterozomul Y, perechile 21 \u0219i 22 de autozomi, to\u021bi ", + "2. la om autozomii de tip acrocentric au constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul p \u0219i prezint\u0103 satelit ", + "3. la femelele \u0219i masculii de Drosophila cromozomii din perec hea I \u0219i perechea IV sunt identici ", + "4. prin similitudinea benzilor cromozomilor se pot identifica, precis, cromozomii din aceea\u0219i pereche " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Citokineza:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. este o etap \u0103 a diviziunii materialului genetic ", + "2. presupune apari\u021bia unui \u0219an\u021b de clivare \u00een mijlocul celulei animale ", + "3. reprezint\u0103 diviziunea citoplasmei, nucleului \u0219i a organitelor celulare ", + "4. presupune formarea unei pl\u0103ci de separare \u00een celulele vegetale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. S. Linn \u00een 1977 determin\u0103 secven\u021ba bazelor azotate ale genomului virusului \u00f8x174 ", + "2. P. Berg \u00een 1972 a ob\u021binut primul ADN recombinat in vitro la eucariote ", + "3. F. Sanger \u00een 1960 a descoperit enzimele de restric\u021bie \u00een bacteria E. coli ", + "4. S. Cohen \u00een 1973 a inserat ADN \u00eentr -un plasmid bacterian cu ajutorul endonucleazelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Adenozintrifosfatul :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. este o nucleotid\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bine adenin\u0103 ", + "3. are trei radicali fosfat ", + "4. are leg\u0103turi macroergice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Glicogenul este :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. un polizaharid al celulelor animale ", + "2. este o form\u0103 de condensare a glucozei ", + "3. material de rezerv\u0103 \u00een celulele fungilor ", + "4. asem\u0103n\u0103tor chimic amidonului ciano bacteri ilor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Acizii gra\u015fi din organisme:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi satura\u0163i sau nesatura\u0163i ", + "2. au o grupare carboxil hidrofob\u0103 ", + "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea trigliceridelor ", + "4. sunt 20 de tipuri de acizi gra\u015fi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "In alc \u0103tuirea lichenilor pot intra:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. clorofite ", + "2. zigomicete ", + "3. ciano bacterii ", + "4. oomicete " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Interferonul:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. este o substan\u021b\u0103 cu propriet \u0103\u021bi antivirale \u0219i antitumorale ", + "2. poate fi produs de Escherichia coli \u00een urma unui transfer de gene umane ", + "3. este sintetizat de celulele organismelor animale \u00een timpul infec\u021biilor virale ", + "4. se poate ob\u021bine prin cultivarea \u201cin vitro \u201d a celulelor , pe medii adecvate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cenmul\u021birea sexuat\u0103 la fungi se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. izogametangiogamie la Zygomycota ", + "2. somatogamie la Ascomycota ", + "3. cistogamie la Zygomycota ", + "4. heterogametangiogamie la Bazydiomycota " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen supradominan\u021b\u0103:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. 50 % dintre indivizii din F2 au fenotip heterozis ", + "2. efectul genei dominante \u00een combina\u021bie heterozigot\u0103 se amplific\u0103 \u00een fenotip ", + "3. raportul de segregare din a doua genera\u021bie este de 1 :2:1 ", + "4. musculitele de o\u021bet heterozigote din F1 au ochi de un ro\u0219u mai intens dec\u00e2t p\u0103rintele homozigot " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Gena pentru somatotropin \u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. poate fi introdus \u0103 \u00een plasmidul pBR 322 ", + "2. determin \u0103 sinteza unui hormon uman ", + "3. poate fi manipulat\u0103 genetic cu bacteria E.coli ", + "4. este o protein \u0103 alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 191 aminoacizi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Miceliul fungilor poate fi format din hife :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. pluricelulare septate, ramificate \u0219i uninucleate, la Penicillium ", + "2. unice, unicelulare neseptate, ramificate \u0219i plurinucleate la Rhizopus ", + "3. \u00eempletite \u00een \u021besuturi false denumite plectenchimuri, la Psalliota ", + "4. tubulare multinucleate, cu structur \u0103 cenocitic \u0103, la Mucor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen ascogon se formeaz\u0103 game\u021bii reprezentan\u021bilor genului:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Ustilago ", + "2. Rhizopus ", + "3. Puccinia ", + "4. Peziza " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Ramalina farinacea:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. are un tal crustos de culoare alb\u0103 ", + "2. este o specie de ciuperci inferioare ", + "3. fixeaz\u0103 azotul atmosferic prin celulele hifelor ", + "4. se reproduce frecvent pe cale vegetativ\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Form\u0103 sferic\u0103 are virusul:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. rabic (al turb\u0103rii) ", + "2. stafilococic ", + "3. mozaicului tutunului ", + "4. imunodeficien\u021bei umane dob\u00e2ndite " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Permea\u021bia poate reprez enta deplasarea moleculelor /ionilor printr -o membran\u0103 :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een mod pasiv, de la o concentra\u021bie mai mare spre o concentra\u021bie mai mic\u0103 ", + "2. datorit\u0103 osmozei de la o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 spre o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 ", + "3. cu consum de energie din ATP prin intermediul pompei de Na+ \u0219i K+ ", + "4. prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 invers gradientului de concentra\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fagozomii:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. pot con\u021bine particule materiale mici ", + "2. rezult\u0103 prin procesul de endocitoz\u0103 ", + "3. pot s\u0103 fuzioneze cu un lizozom ", + "4. sunt vezicule prezente \u00een leucocite " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen membrana celular\u0103 exist\u0103 \u201dpori\u201d care pot :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. fi permanent deschi\u0219i ", + "2. apar\u021bi ne unor proteine func\u021bionale ", + "3. ac\u021biona ca por\u021bi care se \u00eenchid/deschid ", + "4. s\u0103 fie structuri func\u021bionale nefixate \u00eentr -un anumit loc " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Lignina:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. este un produs al metabolismului secundar celular ", + "2. se depune pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 a peretelui celular primar ", + "3. poate da rezisten\u021b\u0103 fasciculelor libero -lemnoase ", + "4. formeaz\u0103 m\u0103nunchiuri \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice organic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleosomii sunt:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. proteine histonic e cu segment de ADN \u00een interior ", + "2. particule organice, func\u021bionale, ribonucleoproteice ", + "3. structuri celulare, permanente, granular -fibrilare ", + "4. conecta\u021bi \u00eentre ei prin secven\u021be scurte de ADN " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Rujetul porcului spre deosebire de pesta porcin\u0103:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. apar\u021bine virozelor provocate de virusuri cu materialul genetic ADN ", + "2. face parte dintre bacteriozele animalelor vertebrate ", + "3. se trateaz\u0103 cu interferon produs de celulele animale ", + "4. se poate combate, adesea, prin utilizarea antibioticelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. se transmit de la o genera\u021b ie la alta pe linie matern\u0103 ", + "2. au rol \u00een convertirea energiei \u00een leg\u0103turi macroergice ", + "3. sus\u021bin energetic diverse procese metabolice vitale ", + "4. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune \u0219i \u00eenmugurire la bacterii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Materiale le biocompatibile", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi utilizate pentru a crea proteze \u0219i materiale de sprijin ", + "2. se pot folosi pentru a \u00eenlocui p\u0103r\u021bi deficiente din corp ", + "3. sunt utilizabile \u00een remedierea unor disfunc\u021bii ale organismului ", + "4. sunt produse prin tehnici de biotehnologie \u0219i bioindustrie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Gene sintetizate artific ial pot fi utilizate \u00een ve derea producerii de:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. factor antihemofilic ", + "2. plasminogen ", + "3. eritropoietina ", + "4. hormon de cre\u0219tere " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatidele cromozomului metafazic:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sunt unite prin intermediul kinetocorilor ", + "B. au ca unit\u0103\u021bi morfo -func\u021bionale bra\u021bele ", + "C. fac schimb de gene \u00eentre ele, prin crossing -over ", + "D. rezult\u0103 \u00een urma replic\u0103rii interfazice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reticulul endoplasmatic se poate spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. conecteaz\u0103 celulele vegetale prin intermediul plasmodesmelor ", + "B. are pe traseu s\u0103u vezicule care formeaz\u0103 re\u021bele anastomozate ", + "C. asigur\u0103 sus\u021binerea citoplasmei, deoarece con\u021bine microtubuli ", + "D. poate fi neted sau granular \u00een structur a hematiilor adulte " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. au membrana intern\u0103 invaginat\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bin enzime implicate \u00een reac\u021bii anabolice glucidice ", + "C. sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP prin reac\u021bia de fotoliz\u0103 ", + "D. sunt prezente \u00een structura celulelor din frunze " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fibra muscul ar\u0103 striat\u0103:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. este polinucleat\u0103 ca \u0219i celulele de la Pleurococcus sp. ", + "B. con\u021bine un reticul dezvoltat \u0219i este lipsit\u0103 de mitocondrii ", + "C. se contract\u0103 datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei actinei \u0219i miozinei ", + "D. are, de regul\u0103, dimensiuni de ordin microscopic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Stentor sp. :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este un ciliat lipsit de vacuol\u0103 contractil\u0103 ", + "B. este un zoomastigin din grupul coanoflagelatelor ", + "C. se hr\u0103ne\u0219te printr -o zon\u0103 special\u0103 numit\u0103 citoproct ", + "D. tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een mediul acvatic, fixat printr -un peduncul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul nuclear ca \u0219i cel mitocondrial:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. este copiat de ARN m care v a fi decodificat \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bine mai multe gene care codific\u0103 proteine structurale ", + "C. acumuleaz\u0103 erori cu aceea\u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103, \u00een cazul mamiferelor ", + "D. prezint\u0103 zone decondensate de eucromatin\u0103, dar \u0219i condensate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cariotipul unui b\u0103rbat pot exista:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. 25 crom ozomi metacentrici \u2013 sindrom Klinefelter ", + "B. 1 cromozom metacentric suplimentar \u2013 sindrom Edwards ", + "C. 2 cromozomi submetacentrici mari incomple\u021bi \u2013 sindrom cri du chat ", + "D. 12 cromozomi de tip acrocentric \u2013 sindromul Down " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen urma interac\u021biunii dintre ADN nuclear cu cel mitocondrial \u0219i cu cel cloroplastidial pot s\u0103 apar\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. plante masculine sterile \u2013 androsterilitate ", + "B. indivizi cu frunze mozaicate la Polytrichum commune ", + "C. organisme cu deficien\u021be respiratorii la drojdii ", + "D. mai multe cloroplaste la alga Chlamydomonas " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Maladiile metabolice, de exemplu:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. maladia Tay -Sachs apare \u00een urma unei deficien\u021be enzimatice determinate genic ", + "B. atransferinemia congenital\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een acumularea fierului \u00een epiteliul intestinal ", + "C. albinismul este caracterizat prin absen\u021ba melaninei din piele, mucoase, o chi ", + "D. hipercolesterolemia const\u0103 afectarea unor gene din structura heterozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen ingineria genetic\u0103 se pot folosi:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. endonucleazele de restric\u021bie care pot suda fragmente de ADN ", + "B. reverstranscriptaza pentru sinteza ADN folosind ARN m ca matri\u021b\u0103 ", + "C. plasmide virale care vor transmite gena de interes \u00een celule bacteriene ", + "D. transpozoni folosi\u021bi pentru hibridarea somatic\u0103 a protopla\u0219tilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Virusurile \u0219i viroizii:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. pot determina boli la plante \u0219i animale ", + "B. sunt particule infec\u021bioase acelulare ", + "C. con\u021bin acid ribonucleic liniar sau circular ", + "D. determin\u0103 forma de fus a tuberculilor de cartof " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. chimiosintetizante ob\u021bin energie din reducerea unor substan\u021be anorganice ", + "B. simbionte fluorescente pot tr\u0103i \u00een ochii pe\u0219tilor care vie\u021buiesc \u00een apele abisale ", + "C. patogene pot provoca boli grave la animale, de exemplu sifilisul, r\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 ", + "D. cromogene sunt eubacterii care produc pigmen\u021bi galbeni neasimilatori " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele protiste sunt patogene:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Physarium - mixomicet care \u00een condi\u021bii neprielnice produce spori ", + "B. Saprolegnia - gen de oomicete acv atice cu reprezentan\u021bi majoritar parazi\u021bi ", + "C. Phytophora infestans - specie oomicet\u0103 care produce mana cartofului ", + "D. Trypanosoma gambiense \u2013 specie transmis\u0103 prin \u00een\u021bep\u0103tura \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Organismele din regnul Fungi se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. sciziparitate la unele ascomicete, de exemplu cele unicelulare ", + "B. heterogamentangiogamie, \u00een cazul zigomicetului Rhizopus nigricans ", + "C. somatogamie \u00een care se contopesc dou\u0103 celule vegetative sexuale ", + "D. cistogamie prin care celulele care fuzioneaz\u0103 pot fi egale sau inegale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul liche nilor:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. talul poate fi crustos, la lichenul corticol Rhizocarpon geograficum ", + "B. \u00eenmul\u021birea sexuat\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin muguri numi\u021bi izidii \u0219i soredii ", + "C. hifele cortexului pot forma rizine care contribuie la degradarea rocilor ", + "D. polizaharidul de rezerv\u0103 specific for meaz\u0103 prin hidroliz\u0103 fructoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Rhizobium leguminosarum spre deosebire de Nostoc commune :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine material genetic reprezentat de un nucleoid ", + "B. utilizeaz\u0103 energia solar\u0103 \u00een procesul de nutri\u021bie ", + "C. con\u021bine ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 \u00een structura celulei ", + "D. este endosimbiont\u0103 \u00een nodozit\u0103\u021bile r\u0103d\u0103cinilor unor plante " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cystoseira barbata ca \u0219i Laminaria saccharina prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. agar -agar \u00een compozi\u021bia peretelui celular ", + "B. cromatofori cu fucoxantin\u0103 \u0219i clorofila c ", + "C. acela\u0219i tip de nutri\u021bie ca \u0219i Paramoecium sp. ", + "D. dioxid de sili ciu \u00een membrana plasmatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt dizaharide:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. galactoza \u0219i glucoza ", + "B. maltoza \u0219i zaharoza ", + "C. fructoza \u0219i celuloza ", + "D. chitina \u0219i zaharoza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Este o afirma\u021bie gre\u0219it\u0103 referitoare la enzime aceea c\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. influen\u021beaz\u0103 sensul \u0219i viteza reac\u021biilor biochimice ", + "B. sunt molecule organ ice de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 ", + "C. structura lor este determinat\u0103 de informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 din ADN ", + "D. enzimele din lizozomi pot descompune proteinele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Un b\u0103rbat care sufer\u0103 de o maladie ereditar\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u0219te cu o femeie s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 familie sunt 8 copii: 4 fete care au aceea\u0219i boal\u0103 ca \u0219i tat\u0103l \u0219i 4 b\u0103ie\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. Modul de transmitere al maladiei este:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. X lincat recesiv, numai de la mam\u0103 ", + "B. Y lincat recesiv ", + "C. X lincat recesiv, numai de la tat\u0103 ", + "D. X lincat dominant, numai de la tat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Succesiunea complet\u0103 a formelor prin care a trecut un virus care s -a multiplicat \u00eentr -o celul\u0103, este:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. virion - virus vegetativ \u2013 provirus \u2013 virus vegetativ - virion ", + "B. virion - provirus - virus vegetativ \u2013 virion ", + "C. virus vegetativ \u2013 provirus - virus infec\u021bios matur ", + "D. virus infec\u021bios matur \u2013 provirus - virus vegetativ - virion " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen faza G1 a ciclului celular, asem\u0103n\u0103tor fazei G2:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. are loc sinteza mai multor tipuri de acizi rib onucleici ", + "B. sunt sintetizate proteine necesare fusului de diviziune ", + "C. cromozomii monocromatidici sunt decondensa\u021bi la maxim ", + "D. celulele se afl\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 de repaus " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Spermatogeneza difer\u0103 de ovogenez\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspecte:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin dou\u0103 mitoze consecutive ", + "B. dup\u0103 a doua diviziune cromozomii sunt bicromatidici ", + "C. se porne\u0219te de la o celul\u0103 germinativ\u0103 diploid\u0103 ", + "D. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul procesului se formeaz\u0103 patru game\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centr-o familie p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, fiica este bolnav\u0103 de fenilcetonurie, iar fiul este s\u0103n\u0103tos. Probabilitatea ca b\u0103iatul s\u0103 fie purt\u0103tor s\u0103n\u0103tos al genei pentru fenilcetonurie este:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. 3/4 ", + "B. 1/2 ", + "C. 1/3 ", + "D. 1/4 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Heteroproteinele de la animale:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. pot fi reprezentate de lactalbumin\u0103 ", + "B. intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia unghiilor \u0219i penelor ", + "C. au rol predominant energetic \u00een ce lule ", + "D. con\u021bin \u0219i componente neproteice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Indivizii cu sindromul \u201d dublu mascul \u201d spre deosebire de cei cu sindromul Klinefelter prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. coeficient de inteligen\u021b\u0103 normal , sterilitate ", + "B. intelect sub normal, comportament agresiv ", + "C. azoospermie , fa\u021b\u0103 cu aspect b\u0103tr\u00e2nicios ", + "D. ginecomastie, anomalii scheletice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la cromozomii umani, este adev\u0103rat\u0103 varianta:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomii din grupa B sunt metacentrici \u015fi cuprind perechile 4 \u015fi 5 ", + "B. cromozomii din grupa D sunt acrocentrici \u015fi nu prezint\u0103 sateli\u0163i ", + "C. autozomii de tip acrocentric au constric\u0163ia secundar\u0103 pe bra\u0163ul q ", + "D. cromozomul Y este \u00eentr -o grup\u0103 cu cromozomi mici care au satelit " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt protiste cu caractere de fungi:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Collema care are talul gelatinos \u0219i con\u021bine chitin\u0103 \u00een peretele celular ", + "B. Saprolegnia , organism unicelular adaptat mediului acvatic ", + "C. Lycoperdon cu spori elibera\u0163i printr -un por al talului ", + "D. Perenospora destructor , organism ce produce albumeala cepei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Maladii metabolice autozomale sunt:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. atransferinemia congenital\u0103 \u2013acumul\u0103ri de fier \u00een epiteliul intestinal ", + "B. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 - concentra\u021bii mari de trigliceride \u00een mediul intern ", + "C. guta - precipitarea \u00een articula\u0163ii a produ\u0219ilor metabolismului glucidic ", + "D. talasemia major\u0103 \u2013 hemoglobin\u0103 cu lan\u021b \u03b2 mai scurt dec\u00e2t cel normal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Down:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit cu o frecven\u0163\u0103 de 1/15000 din nou n\u0103scu\u0163i ", + "B. determin\u0103 anomalii cardiace \u015fi digestive, malforma\u0163ii ale laringelui, \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103 ", + "C. se diagnosticheaz\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 efectuat\u0103 \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nile 24 -28 de sarcin\u0103 ", + "D. este o trisomie \u00een care \u00een 24% din cazuri, al treile a cromozom provine de la tat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anafaza I ca \u0219i \u00een profaza II:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii bicromatidici pot fi par\u021bial despiraliza\u021bi ", + "2. filamentele kinetocorale ale fusului se scurteaz\u0103 ", + "3. cromozomii po t s\u0103 fie situa\u021bi \u00een matrixul citoplasmatic ", + "4. cantitatea de material genetic este dubl\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de profaza I " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. secundar \u2013 poate con\u021bine lignin\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din metabolism ", + "2. primar - este \u00een contact cu pectinele lamelei mijlocii ", + "3. la fungi - con\u021bine ergosterol \u0219i polizaharidul chitin\u0103 ", + "4. bacterian - este prezent \u00een structura tuturor procariotelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Membrana intern\u0103 mitocondrial\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. delimiteaz\u0103 compartimentele intermembranar \u0219i matriceal ", + "2. con\u021bine oxizomi - structuri enzimatice implicate \u00een lan\u021bul respirator ", + "3. este \u00eenalt impermeabil\u0103 \u0219i de zece ori mai mare fa\u021b\u0103 de cea extern\u0103 ", + "4. se invagineaz\u0103 form\u00e2nd criste cu form\u0103 de tubuli sau lamele " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmodesmele:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. sunt canale cilindrice intercelulare, m\u0103rginite de plasmalem\u0103 ", + "2. permit difuzia apei \u00eentre citoplasmele celulelor \u00eenvecinate ", + "3. traverseaz\u0103 punctua\u021biunile pere\u021bilor celulari la plante ", + "4. asigur\u0103 transportul activ bidirec\u021bional \u00eentre celule al\u0103turate Page 5 of 10 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru realizarea recombin\u0103rii genetice intercromozomale:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii omologi sinapseaz\u0103 pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor ", + "2. se separ\u0103 cromatidele surori dintr -un bivalent ", + "3. \u00eentre macromoleculele de ADN se stabilesc chiasme ", + "4. bivalen\u021bii se orienteaz\u0103 aleator \u00een p laca ecuatorial\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Infuzorii:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. au macronuclei cu rol \u00een procesul de conjugare ", + "2. pot avea ca endosimbion\u021bi alge verzi ", + "3. sunt protiste ciliate asem\u0103n\u0103toare plantelor ", + "4. tr\u0103iesc \u00een ape marine sau dulci, st\u0103t\u0103toare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Speciile din filum Ascomycota spre deosebire de cele din filum Bazidiomycota :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. sunt mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u0219i mai numeroase ", + "2. pot produce exospori \u00een urma \u00eenmul\u021birii sexuate ", + "3. au reprezentan\u021bi care se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin \u00eenmugurire ", + "4. pot fi implicate \u00een simbioze de tipul micorizelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Rhyzocarpon geographicum se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. sinteza substan\u021belor organice din CO 2, N2 \u0219i ap\u0103 ", + "2. acela\u0219i tip de tal ca \u0219i Lobaria pulmonata ", + "3. hife care contribuie la formarea solulu i ", + "4. dispozi\u021bia componentei autotrofe \u00een tot talul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Factorul de fertilitate:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een citoplasma celulelor bacteriene F+ ", + "2. se replic\u0103 \u00een citoplasm\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", + "3. se transfer\u0103 de la o bacterie la alta \u00een timpul conjug\u0103rii ", + "4. este ancorat de plasmalem\u0103 prin intermediul mezozomului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "G\u0103se\u0219te asocierile corecte cu privire la componentele protoplasmatice ale celulei eucariote:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. citoschelet \u2013 dou\u0103 tipuri de prote ine globulare numite tubuline ", + "2. centr ozomul \u2013 are rol \u00een biogeneza fusului de diviziune \u0219i a citoscheletului ", + "3. plastidomul \u2013 se mo\u0219tene\u0219te pe linie matern\u0103 \u0219i se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", + "4. incluziuni ergastice \u2013 cele de de tip lipidic se coloreaz\u0103 cu Sudan III " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Eucromatina spre deosebire de heterocromatin\u0103:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. se poate observa doar \u00een celula care s e divide ", + "2. este slab spiralizat\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", + "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea telomerelor ", + "4. corespunde ADN -ului accesibil copierii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. anvelopa nuclear\u0103 se leag\u0103 direct de reticulul endoplasmatic granular ", + "2. porii nucleari asigur\u0103 trecerea ARN m \u00een lumenul reticulului endoplasmatic ", + "3. \u00een zona granular\u0103 a nucleolilor are loc asamblarea par\u021bial\u0103 a ribozomilor ", + "4. nucleosomii sunt conecta\u021bi \u00eentre ei prin secven\u021be de scurte ARN " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen mitoza unei celule somatice de Allium cepa :", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. num\u0103rul de cromozomi \u00een profaz\u0103 este jum\u0103tate fa\u021b\u0103 de anafaz\u0103 ", + "2. prin tratarea cu colchicin\u0103 se va ob\u021bine o celul\u0103 poliploid\u0103 ", + "3. \u00een anafaz\u0103 sunt 32 de kinetocori ata\u0219a\u021bi de fibre ale fusului de diviziune ", + "4. citochineza are loc prin formarea \u0219an\u021bului de clivare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele transmembranare din membrana plasmatic\u0103 a eucariotelor:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. formeaz\u0103 canale ionice care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consum de ATP ", + "2. pot transmite informa\u021bii sau semnale spre interiorul celulei ", + "3. realizeaz\u0103 difuzia facilitat\u0103 \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bi e ", + "4. men\u021bin concentra\u021biile intracelulare ale ionilor de Na+ \u0219i de K+ " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Bacillus subtilis ca \u0219i de Euglena viridis prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. membran\u0103 plasmatic\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", + "2. forme de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la condi\u021bii nefavorabile ", + "3. ADN dublu catenar cu rol de material genetic ", + "4. curen\u021bi citoplasmatici \u0219i vacuol\u0103 pulsatil\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Caracterele comune algelor ro\u015fii \u015fi brune sunt:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. reproducerea asexuata prin spori imobili \u015fi sexuat\u0103 prin oogamie ", + "2. prezen\u0163a pigmen\u0163ilor asimilatori , ce le ofer\u0103 capacitate de fotosintez\u0103 ", + "3. o substan\u0163\u0103 din grupa taninurilor \u015fi pic\u0103turi de ulei, ca produ\u015fi de asimila\u0163ie ", + "4. mediul de via\u021b\u0103 acvatic \u0219i taluri pluricelulare, macroscopice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt protiste parazite \u00een corpul uman:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Clostridium b otulinum determin\u0103 botulismul, o toxiinfec\u021bie alimentar\u0103 letal\u0103. ", + "2. Trypanosoma gambiense care poate fi prezent\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i \u00een lichidul cefalorahidian ", + "3. Giardia intestinalis se fixeaz\u0103 pe mucoasa intestinal\u0103 cu ajutorul unei ventuze dorsale ", + "4. Entamoeba histolytica este un protozoar care paraziteaz\u0103 ficatul, intestinul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caractere umane poligenice:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. pigmenta\u0163ia pielii ", + "2. talia ", + "3. inteligen\u0163a ", + "4. grupele sanguine ABO " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sfatul gene tic, privind riscul de a avea un copil cu o boal\u0103 ereditar\u0103, este necesar \u00een cazul famili ei \u00een care:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. bunicul matern sufer\u0103 de o form\u0103 de hemofilie ", + "2. p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, dar au un copil cu tuberculoz\u0103 ", + "3. mama a fost expus\u0103 la un factor teratogen ", + "4. unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi este afectat de o muta\u021bie somatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Abateri de la rapoartele de segregare mendeliene dup\u0103 fenotip apar \u00een urma \u00eencruci\u0219\u0103rii :", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. plantelor cu flori roz de Antirrhinum majus ", + "2. \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 ", + "3. hibrizilor cu boabe violet de Zea mays ", + "4. plantelor de Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze variegate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la organitele fotosintetizante sunt adev\u0103rate a firma\u0163iile:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. au toate elementele necesare absorb\u0163iei luminii \u015fi transferului de electroni ", + "2. prezint\u0103 membrane permeabile pentru O 2, CO 2 \u015fi impermeabile pentru glucoz\u0103 ", + "3. con\u021bin ADN plastidial de form\u0103 circular\u0103 \u015fi cu transmitere matroclin\u0103 ", + "4. la alge le ro\u0219ii cromatoforii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u0219i au dimensiuni mari " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre aparatul Golgi se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. este situat aproape de membrana plasmatic\u0103 ", + "2. produce mucilagii \u00een celulele plantelor carnivore ", + "3. d\u0103 na\u0219tere unor vezicule care pot fuzion a cu reticulul neted ", + "4. are rol \u00een biosinteza peretelui celular \u0219i a vacuolelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Genele mutante \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een popula\u021bia uman\u0103:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. determin\u0103 rahitismul rezistent la vitamina D, boal\u0103 auto zomal\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", + "2. sunt cauza cretinismului gu\u0219ogen, \u00een care tiroxina nu poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00een tirozin\u0103 ", + "3. \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc fondul de gene al popula\u0163iei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 modifice variabilitatea acesteia ", + "4. au o frecven\u021b\u0103 care poate fi determinat\u0103 prin metode matematice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Factorii mutageni chimici pot fi:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. analogii bazelor azotate, ce determin\u0103 tranzi\u021bii bidirec\u0163ionale \u00een timpul replic\u0103rii ADN ", + "2. acidul nitros \u015fi colchicina determin\u0103 modificarea bazelor azotate prin dezaminare ", + "3. iperita \u0219i dietilsulfatul, care p ot determina erori de replicare ale acizilor nucleici ", + "4. radia\u0163iile ionizante \u015fi neionizante, care pot determina fragment\u0103ri ale cromatidelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La hibridarea \u00eentre o femel\u0103 \u0219i un mascul de D. melanogaster cu antene lungi \u0219i aripi lungi, ambii dublu heterozigo\u021bi, se poate ob\u021bine:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. 50% descenden\u021bi cu fenotip \u0219i genotip identice cu p\u0103rin\u021bii ", + "2. musculi\u021be cu fenotip Dr \u0219i fenotip rD, \u00een acela\u0219i procent ", + "3. un raport de segregare dup\u0103 genotip de 1:2:1 ", + "4. un raport de segregare mendelian dup\u0103 fenotip " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii dintr -o celul\u0103 eucariot\u0103:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea corpilor tigroizi ", + "2. sunt to\u021bi de aceea\u0219i dimensiune ", + "3. con\u021bin un tip de acid nucleic cu uracil ", + "4. se grupeaz\u0103 \u00een polizomi circulari " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Un b\u0103rbat care prezint\u0103 grupa sanguin\u0103 B III, lobul urechii ata\u015fat \u015fi strung \u0103rea\u0163\u0103, se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u015fte cu o femeie ce prezint\u0103 grupa de s\u00e2nge AB IV, lobul urechii liber, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u021b\u0103. Tat\u0103l femeii are lobul urechii ata\u015fat. Mama b\u0103rbatului nu are strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103, are grupa sanguin\u0103 O (I). Alege\u0163i varianta posibil\u0103 referitoare la copi ii familiei:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. copii cu grupa A(II), lobul urechii ata\u015fat, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 25% ", + "2. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa B(III) \u015fi lobul urechii ata\u015fat \u2013 probabilitate 25% ", + "3. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa AB(IV), lobul urechii liber, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 12,5% ", + "4. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa A(II), f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 12,5% " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centr-o ferm\u0103 sunt crescute: 50 de vaci, 20 de p\u0103uni, 60 de porci, 22 de oi \u015fi 100 de ra\u021be. \u021ain\u00e2nd cont de faptul c\u0103 raportul dintre sexe este de 1:1 \u00een cazul p\u0103s\u0103ri lor, iar la mamifere exist\u0103 un singur mascul \u00een fiecare grup, alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. femele heterogametice 60, masculi 63 ", + "2. femele 126, masculi 126 ", + "3. femele homogametice 129, masculi homogametici 60 ", + "4. femele heterogametice 60, masculi heterogametici 60 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Un profag poate:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. s\u0103 fie implicat \u00een transferul de gene prin procesul de transduc\u021bie ", + "2. s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 pentru sinteza toxinei difterice ", + "3. s\u0103 se multiplice simultan cu celula gazd\u0103 \u00een cadrul ciclului lizogen ", + "4. s\u0103 fie o form\u0103 de existen\u021b\u0103 a unui virus \u00ee n celulele eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "G\u0103si\u021bi asocierile corecte:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. celule binucleate \u2013 Giardia sp. ", + "2. celule enucleate \u2013 hematii adulte ", + "3. celule uninucleate \u2013 Amoeba proteus ", + "4. plasmodiu \u2013 Nostoc commune " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic neted:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 continuitate cu membrana nuclear\u0103 intern\u0103 ", + "B. se \u00eentinde \u00eentre membrana nuclear\u0103 \u0219i cea celular\u0103 av\u00e2nd ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi ", + "C. este implicat \u00een sinteza de proteine a celulei a celulei ", + "D. are rol \u00een detoxifierea celulei prin degradarea unor substan\u021be nocive " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Pe harta genetic\u0103 a cromozomului II la Drosophila melanogaster , pozi\u021bia 104,5 , \u00een raport cu gena care codific\u0103 lungimea antenelor , reprezint\u0103 locusul genei pentru:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. ochi purpurii ", + "B. antene scurte ", + "C. ochi maro ", + "D. aripi curbate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre Escherichia coli putem spune c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine un materialul nuclear difuz \u00eenconjurat de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 de tip procariot ", + "B. are perete celular format din lipoprotein e, lipopolizaharide \u0219i substan\u021b e specifice ", + "C. prezint\u0103 o rganite comune ca: ribozomi, vacuole, corpusculi clorofilieni, dictiozomi ", + "D. are metabolism intens datorit\u0103 valorii sc\u0103zute a raportului dintre suprafa\u021ba \u0219i volumul celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondria:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. este plasat\u0103 \u00een totdeauna l\u00e2ng\u0103 nucleu \u0219i prezint\u0103 o varietate redus\u0103 de forme ", + "B. are rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103, fiind central a energetic \u0103 a tuturor celulelor ", + "C. se multiplic\u0103 dependent de nucleu prin fragmentare, diviziune sau \u00eenmugurire ", + "D. con\u021bine enzime capabile s\u0103 realizeze fosforilarea adenozindifosfatului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre num\u0103rul de cromozomi al diferitelor specii :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. celula de secar\u0103 are num\u0103r de cromozomi super ior celulei de cartof ", + "B. \u00een celulele reproduc\u0103toare ale oi\u021bei Dolly se afl\u0103 un num\u0103r de 27 de cromozomi ", + "C. nucleii celulelor la \u0219oareci \u0219i ceap\u0103 prezint\u0103 acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi ", + "D. cariotipul \u00een cazul c\u00e2inelui este format din 26 de perechi de autozomi \u0219i 2 heter ozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asem\u0103narea dintre spermatogenez\u0103 \u0219i ovogenez\u0103:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. la c\u00e2ini s unt ini\u021biate la nivelul unei celule mam\u0103 diploid\u0103 cu 2n = 78 de cromozomi ", + "B. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea aceluia\u0219i num\u0103r de celule gametice ", + "C. celulele rezultate dup\u0103 prima diviziune meiotic\u0103 au aproximativ aceia\u0219i dimensiune ", + "D. parcurg acela\u0219i num\u0103r de diviziuni \u0219i prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i tipuri de organite \u00een celulele formate " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi mu ta\u021bia util\u0103 indus\u0103 artificial :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. sterilizarea viermelui Callitrogena homini \u2013vorax care paraziteaz\u0103 intestinul animalelor domestice ", + "B. ob\u021binerea de mutante Penicillium care produc 60 grame de penicilin\u0103/l de mediu de cultur\u0103 ", + "C. izolarea genei pentru rezist en\u021ba la r ugin\u0103 de la Aegilops umbellulata \u0219i transferul acesteia la Triticum aestivum ", + "D. ob\u021binerea ou\u0103 lor de culo are neagr\u0103 la Bombyx mori , ou\u0103 din care rezult\u0103 masculi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Spermatozoidul prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. patru componente: capul, piesa intermediar\u0103, g\u00e2tul \u0219i flagelul ", + "B. un flagel format dintr -o membran\u0103, o teac\u0103 \u0219i o axonem\u0103 ", + "C. citoplasm\u0103 \u00een cantitate mic\u0103 \u0219i m itocondrii numeroase \u00een jurul nucleului ", + "D. un nucleu mare numit acrozom cu un num\u0103r haploid de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Descoper\u0103 afirma\u021bia ERONAT\u0102 despre cloroplaste:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. sunt plastid e fotosintetizatoare \u0219i a u fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl ", + "B. au forme variate la plantele superioare \u0219i dimensiuni reduse la alge ", + "C. con\u021bine o macromolecul\u0103 de ADN dublu catenar\u0103 de tip procariot ", + "D. membra na lor este permeabil\u0103 pentru O 2 , CO 2, fier, magneziu, glucoz \u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Androgeneza , experimental determin\u0103 ob\u021binerea de:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. linii pure izogene ", + "B. plante haploide fertile ", + "C. plante diploide sterile ", + "D. gr\u0103uncioare de polen " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleosomul este:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. alc\u0103tuit din particule ribonucleoproteice ", + "B. o unitate repetitiv\u0103 vizibil\u0103 electronomicroscopic ", + "C. forma sub care apare \u201enucleul\u201d bacterian ", + "D. structura \u00een care se produc ribozomii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Prognatismul:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. se manifest\u0103 predominant la sexul masculin ", + "B. este determinat de o gen\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", + "C. este un caracter ereditar autozomal - recesiv ", + "D. indivizii afecta\u021bi sunt exclusiv homozigo\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Oxibiontele:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. sunt adaptate la condi\u021bii de anoxie ", + "B. pot exista datorit\u0103 fenomenului de fotosintez\u0103 ", + "C. sunt doar organism e fotosintetizante ", + "D. con\u021bin \u00een celulele lor mitocondrii nefunc\u021bionale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "O specie cu 2n = 6 cromozomi poate genera :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. 16 tipuri de descenden\u021bi ", + "B. 6 tipuri de game\u021bi ", + "C. 4n tipuri de descenden\u021bi ", + "D. 3 tipuri de game\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de crossing -over:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. este o recombinare genetic \u0103 intercromozomial\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 meiozei ", + "B. are loc \u00eentre cromatidele surori ale cromozomilor neomologi ", + "C. este un proce s de rupere \u2013 reunire de segmente \u00eentre cromozomi omologi ", + "D. se explic\u0103 prin segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de caractere " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Glucoza spre deosebire de fructoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. este un monozaharid ", + "B. reprezint\u0103 o hexoz\u0103 ", + "C. are propriet\u0103\u021bi diferite ", + "D. este o molecul\u0103 organic \u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "O nucleotid\u0103 din ARN spre deosebire de cea din ATP poate con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. guanin\u0103 ca baz\u0103 purinic\u0103 ", + "B. trei radicali fosfat ", + "C. riboza ca pentoz\u0103 ", + "D. timin\u0103 ca baz\u0103 pirimidinic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "O celul\u0103 animal \u0103 plasat\u0103 \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103 va fi supus\u0103 urm\u0103toarelor procese:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. pierderea apei prin osmoz\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103derea \u00een volum prin deshidratare ", + "B. desprinderea membranei de peretele celular prin plamoliz\u0103 ", + "C. cre\u0219terea \u00een volum \u0219i chiar spargerea acesteia prin citoliz\u0103 ", + "D. cre\u0219terea presiunii exercitate asupra peretelui celular prin turgescen\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul de amitoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. cariokineza precede citokineza ", + "B. are loc condensarea cromozomilor ", + "C. cariokineza succede citokineza ", + "D. nucleul \u0219i citoplasma se divid simultan " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul mitocondrial uman este:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. format din 16569 de nucleotide ", + "B. reprezentat de o molecul\u0103 de ADN monocatenar circular ", + "C. format din 33138 de nucleotide ", + "D. alc\u0103tuit din regiuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre exemplele de substan\u021be organice din aceia\u0219i categorie \u0219i caracteristicile structural -func\u021bionale ale organitelor la nivelul c\u0103rora pot fi sintetizate :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. gluteine, celuloz\u0103 \u2013 cisterne aplatizate care genereaz\u0103 vacuole \u0219i lizozomi ", + "B. suberin\u0103, steroizi \u2013 sistem canalicular periferic, cu rol detoxifiant ", + "C. pectine, cheratin\u0103 \u2013 corpusculi ribonucleoproteici lipsi\u021bi de membran\u0103 proprie ", + "D. chitin\u0103, actin\u0103 \u2013 re\u021bea de citomembrane ata\u0219at\u0103 \u00eenveli\u0219ului nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Constituien\u021bii neprotoplasmatici din categoria \u00ee nveli\u0219urile celul are prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toare a caracteristic \u0103 structural \u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 pori, de tipul plasmodesmelor, care asigur\u0103 tran sportul intercelular ", + "B. cuprinde un matrix format din microfibrile celulozice la plante \u0219i din chitin\u0103 la ciuperci ", + "C. asigur\u0103 forma, individualitat ea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba celulelor prin substan\u021be incrustante ", + "D. con\u021bine \u00een mod specific acizi \u2013 mureinic, diaminopimelic, teicoici \u2013 la procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen urma unei retro\u00eencruci\u0219\u0103ri au rezultat dou\u0103 genotipuri identice cu ale genitorilor, fiecare cu frecven\u021ba de 30% \u0219i dou\u0103 genotipuri noi, fiecare \u00een propor\u021bie de 20%. Pe harta genetic\u0103, distan\u021ba dintre genele urm\u0103rite \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 este de:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. 30 ", + "B. 20 ", + "C. 60 ", + "D. 40 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen macromoleculele de ARN, comparativ cu cea de ADN:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. nu se pot forma leg\u0103turi de hidrogen \u00eentre nucleotide complementare ", + "B. prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i tipuri de baze azotate pirimidinice \u00een structura nucleotidelor ", + "C. se formeaz\u0103 complexe glucido -fosforice diferite \u00eentre nucleotidele succesive ", + "D. baza azotat\u0103 \u2013 timina \u00eenlocuie\u0219te uracilul \u00een structura unor nucleotide " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sinteza artificial\u0103 a genei pentru producerea in sulinei pe baza ADNc presupune:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. extragerea \u0219i izolarea g enei de interes din celulele ex ocrine pancreatice ", + "B. sinteza ADNc pe baza ARNm extras din celulele \u03b1 ale insulelor Langerhans ", + "C. clonarea genelor ob\u021binute prin sec\u021bionare cu enzime de restric\u021bie ", + "D. sinteza secven\u021bei de exoni ADN pe baza ARN m \u00een prezen\u021ba reverstranscriptazei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Citoza:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. este un fenomen inexistent la procariote ", + "B. se nume\u0219te pinocitoz\u0103 c\u00e2nd sunt \u00eenglobate particule solide ", + "C. se nume\u0219te fagocitoz\u0103 c\u00e2nd sunt \u00eenglobate solu\u021bii ", + "D. semnific\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna intrarea unor microorganisme \u00een celul\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u201eM\u0103tur\u0103torii celulei\u201d prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracte ristici structural -func\u021bionale:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 un \u00eenveli\u0219 membranar glicoproteic, ca \u0219i dictiozomii \u0219i vacuolele ", + "B. realizeaz\u0103 procese de autofagie cu ajutorul hidrolazelor sintetizate \u00een reticulul endoplasmatic neted ", + "C. sunt genera\u021bi de c\u0103tre dictiozomi \u0219i prin fuzionarea cu vezicule fagocitice pot asi gura imunitate prin heterofagie ", + "D. particip\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu reticul ul endoplasmatic rugos la detoxifierea celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Lamela mijlocie :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. este caracteristic\u0103 celulelor vegetale \u0219i animale ", + "B. separ\u0103 celulele fiice \u00een timpul cariokinezei ", + "C. se interpune \u00eentre pere\u021bii celulari ciment\u00e2ndu -i ", + "D. este o structur\u0103 intracelular\u0103 de natur\u0103 pectic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Printre cele \u0219apte caractere urm\u0103rite de Mendel la maz\u0103re sunt:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. forma \u0219i culoarea florilor ", + "B. pozi\u021bia \u0219i talia florilor ", + "C. forma \u0219i culoarea p\u0103st\u0103ilor ", + "D. talia \u0219i culoarea tulpinilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Mutante pentru dou\u0103 caractere ale musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet pot fi:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. tetraptere \u0219i ey eless ", + "B. eyeless \u0219i corp ul de culoare gri ", + "C. aripi lungi \u0219i ochi reniformi ", + "D. ochi rotunzi \u0219i aripi curly " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul mitocondrial este responsabil de:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. producerea de paramecin\u0103 \u00een cazul tipului rezistent de la Paramoecium aurelia ", + "2. apari\u021bia m utante i albino la ciuperca Neurospora crassa ", + "3. predominan\u021ba \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 a sexului feminin la Drosophila melanogaster ", + "4. manifestarea neuropatiei optice Leber ce determin\u0103 degenerarea nervului optic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta/ variantele corect \u0103/e:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. la unele specii de Protenor bleifragei femele le prezint\u0103 doar un heterozom X ", + "2. apari\u021bia muta\u021biei letale de tip albino la Cardaria draba din cauza polu\u0103rii solului ", + "3. Nicotiana tabacum reprezint\u0103 o specie autopoliploid\u0103 ob\u021binut\u0103 spontan ", + "4. botanistul Sprenger a descoperit muta\u021bia cu frunze laciniate la Chelidonium majus " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Supradominan\u021b a implic\u0103 urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. apari\u021bia fenomenului heterozis \u00een cazul hibrizilor din prima genera\u021bie ", + "2. segregare g enotipic\u0103 \u00een raport de 1:2:1 a indivizilor din genera\u021bia a doua ", + "3. cre\u0219terea taliei, vigurozit\u0103\u021bii, fertilit\u0103\u021bii indivizilor din F1 fa\u021b\u0103 de genitori ", + "4. prezen\u021ba unui heterozis care poate fi somatic, reproductiv sau adaptativ " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/ afirma\u021biile corect \u0103/e:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. proteinele receptori catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021biile chimice din celula eucariot\u0103 ", + "2. proteinele structurale controleaz\u0103 func\u021biile organismului ", + "3. imunog lobulinele sunt antigene care influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea anumitor celule ", + "4. proteinele enzime controleaz\u0103 viteza reac\u021biilor metabolice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre gametul feminin putem afirma:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. este numit oosfer\u0103 la Mus minutoides minutoides ", + "2. de\u021bine mobilitate proprie , similar celui masculin ", + "3. este reprezent at de ovul pentru Humulus lupulus ", + "4. prezint\u0103 \u00een nucleu un set haploid de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caractere manifestate doar \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. culoarea penajului \u00een cazul g\u0103inilor de Andaluzia ", + "2. vocea baritonilor \u0219i a mezzo sopranelor ", + "3. o maladie caracterizat\u0103 prin hematii cu form\u0103 de secer\u0103 ", + "4. culoarea verde a ochilor la om " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Mitoza \u0219i meioza prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. succed interfaza , o etap\u0103 cu sinteze intense de substan\u021be organice ", + "2. se pot desf\u0103\u0219ura simultan \u00een acela\u0219i organ ", + "3. implic\u0103 schimbarea morfologiei cro mozomil or \u00een timpul derul\u0103rii lor ", + "4. presupun diviziunea sincron\u0103 a nucleului \u0219i citoplasmei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Din \u00eencruci\u0219area musculi\u021be lor de o\u021bet , o femel\u0103 cu corp gri \u0219i aripi normale, dublu heterozigot\u0103 , cu un mascul dublu mutant homozigot:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. se manifest\u0103 fenomenul de linkage \u00eentr-un procent de 83% ", + "2. are loc fenomenu l de crosing -over \u00een procent 83 % ", + "3. se ob\u021bin organisme recombinat e genetic \u00eentr -un procent de 17 % ", + "4. se observ\u0103 fenomenul de linkage \u00eentr-un procent de 17% " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolul con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. nucleotide de ADN \u0219i ARN ", + "2. subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale ", + "3. agregate nucleopr oteice ", + "4. membran\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen meioz\u0103:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. cantitatea de ADN se modific\u0103 dup\u0103 telofaza I de la 4C \u2192 2C ", + "2. num\u0103rul de cromozomi \u00een celulele fiice rezultate este n ", + "3. celula parental\u0103 (meiocit\u0103) este diploid\u0103 ( 2n) ", + "4. cantitatea de ADN \u00een fiecare gamet format este 1C " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea /asocierile corect\u0103 /e dintre denumirea \u0219tiin\u021bi fic\u0103 si denumirea popular\u0103 a urm\u0103toarelor specii:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Ovis aries - oaie ", + "2. Equus asinus - cal ", + "3. Apis mellifera - albin\u0103 ", + "4. Columba livia - vrabie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Miofilamentele de miozin\u0103 din structura miofibrilelor mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00eenconjurate de 6 miofilamente sub\u021biri ", + "2. sunt alc\u0103tuite din tropomiozin\u0103 ", + "3. sunt groase \u0219i localizate \u00een discurile \u00eentunecate ", + "4. \u00eempreun\u0103 cu troponina alc\u0103tuiesc miofilamentele sub\u021biri " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Incluziuni le ergastice:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. se pot depozita \u00een plastide sau vacuole ", + "2. sunt de natur\u0103 organic \u0103 precum CaCO 3 ", + "3. sunt produ\u0219i intermediari sau finali ai metabolismului celular ", + "4. au natur\u0103 anorganic\u0103 precum inulina " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "At\u00e2t m itocondriile c\u00e2t \u0219i ribozomii :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. realizeaz\u0103 sintez\u0103 de ATP ", + "2. con\u021bin ADN, ARN \u0219i proteine ", + "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een celulele procariote ", + "4. au rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii politeni la Drosophila melanogaster :", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. au to\u021bi centromerii grupa\u021bi sub form\u0103 de cromocentru ", + "2. la mutant a dublu bar, au regiunea 16 A \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare ", + "3. \u00een cazul mutantei tip bar ochiul con\u021bine 360 de omatidii ", + "4. provin prin replicarea succesiv\u0103 a centromerilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre specie \u0219i num\u0103rul de cromozomi:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. femela de Drosophila melanogaster - 6A+ XY ", + "2. masculul la Equus cabalus - 64A+ XY ", + "3. sexul \u2640 la Homo sapiens sapiens - 46A+XX ", + "4. planta \u2642 de Humulus lupulus - 16A+ X 1 X2 Y1 Y2 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Transferul de gene \u00een celula bacterian\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. segmentarea ADN -ului de interes cu ajutorul enzime lor de restric\u021bie ", + "2. integrarea ADN -ului, selectat anterior cu ajutorul endonucleazelor , \u00een plasmide ", + "3. lipirea moleculei de ADN -insert \u00een vector cu ajutorul ligazelor ", + "4. introducerea ADN -ului plasmidial recombinat \u00een celula gazd\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia/ afirma\u021biile corect \u0103/e referitoare la statmokinez\u0103:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. se produce natural \u00een \u021binuturile polare cu frecven\u021b\u0103 de peste 90% ", + "2. a contribuit la ob\u021binerea artificial\u0103 a speciei de gr\u00e2u cultivat Triticum aestivum ", + "3. este indus\u0103 prin utilizarea Lindanului \u0219i a solu\u021biei de colchicin\u0103 10% ", + "4. a determinat multiplicarea num\u0103rului de baz\u0103 de cromozomi (x =8) la Allium cepa " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Din p unct de vedere me tabolic, celulele pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. aparatul G olgi \u0219i cloroplastul - sunt implicate \u00een sinteza de polizaharide ", + "2. ribozomii \u0219i mitocondriile - realizeaz\u0103 procese de sintez\u0103 a proteinelor ", + "3. ergastoplasma \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic neted - sintetizeaz\u0103 hormoni ", + "4. cloroplastele \u0219i mitocondriile sunt sediul unor procese prin care se produce ATP " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre tipurile de pigmen\u021bi asimilatori \u0219i localizarea acestora:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. clorofila b \u2013 \u00een cloroplastele plantelor ver zi ", + "2. clorofila c \u0219i fucoxantina \u2013 \u00een feoplaste ", + "3. clorofila d \u0219i ficobilinele \u2013 \u00een rodoplaste ", + "4. clorofila a \u2013 \u00een toate plastidele fotosintetizante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Organitele specifice celulelor eucariote animale se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. neurofibrilele, prezente \u00een toate componentele neuronului, faciliteaz\u0103 transmiterea impulsului ", + "2. miofibrilele din structura fibrelor musculare netede au aspect omogen ", + "3. corpusculii Nissl din corpul celular neuronal asigur\u0103 anabolismul proteic ", + "4. miofibrilele celulelor musculare striate prezint\u0103 discuri clare \u0219i \u00eentunecate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Prin prezen\u021ba proteinelor \u00een structura tuturor celulelor eucariote se asigur\u0103:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. stabilitatea fibrei de cromatin\u0103 la nivelul nucleului interfazic ", + "2. recep\u021bionarea stimulilor externi la nivel membranar \u0219i modulare me tabolic\u0103 ", + "3. transportul bidirec\u021bional specific, activ \u0219i pasiv, la nivelul plasmalemei ", + "4. rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sus\u021binere la nivelul peretelui celular \u0219i a citoscheletului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele, ca \u0219i mitocondriile, prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 un sistem dublu de citomembrane cu permeabilitate selectiv\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bin factori implica\u021bi \u00een replica\u021bie, transcrip\u021bie \u0219i traducerea materialului genetic ", + "3. con\u021bin plasmagen e cu transmitere ereditar\u0103 de tip matroclin ", + "4. au tilacoizi sau criste membranare cu propriet\u0103\u021bi energizante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e referitoare la posibilit\u0103\u021bile de circula\u021bie ale diferitelor tipuri de molecule la nivelulul constituen\u021bilor celulelor eucariote:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. ap\u0103: mitocondrie \u2192 hialoplasm\u0103 \u2192 vacuol\u0103 \u2192 cloroplast ", + "2. proteine: ribozom \u2192reticul en doplasmatic rugos \u2192 dictiozom \u2192 plasmalem\u0103 ", + "3. lipide: cloroplast \u2192 reticul endoplasmatic neted \u2192 aparat Golgi \u2192 lizozom ", + "4. glucide: cloroplast \u2192 dictiozom \u2192 vacuol\u0103 \u2192 mitocondrie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre bolile genetice \u0219i metabolismul afectat:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. hemocromatoza \u2013 metabolismul purinelor ", + "2. scorbut \u2013 metabolismul glucozei ", + "3. guta \u2013 metabolismul mineral ", + "4. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 \u2013 metabolismul lipidelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile genetice care afecteaz\u0103 transform\u0103rile c\u0103ilor metabolice \u00een care este implicat\u0103 tirozina se pot manifesta fenotipic prin:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. debilitate mintal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de acumularea de acid fenilpiruvic la nivelul creierului ", + "2. tulbur\u0103ri majore de vedere, sensibilitat e crescut\u0103 la boli ", + "3. deficien\u021be ale activit\u0103\u021bii sistemului nervos asociate perturb\u0103rii secre\u021biei tiroidiene ", + "4. dureri articulare rebele asociate acumul\u0103rii de ura\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Homeostazia celular\u0103:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. presupune alterarea structurii \u0219i func\u021biei celulei ", + "2. caracterizeaz\u0103 celulele vii izolate, lipsite de schimburi cu mediul ", + "3. este o caracteristic\u0103 structural\u0103 a celulei ", + "4. este o stare de echilibru relativ care permite func\u021bionarea celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen G 2 spre deosebire de G 1:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii sunt monocromatidici ", + "2. se sintetizeaz\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een replicarea ADN ", + "3. se produc ADN polimeraza \u0219i ARN polimeraza ", + "4. cantitatea de ADN este dubl\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Melanina:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. are ca precursor tirozina ", + "2. este un pigment prezent la oamenii c\u0103run\u021bi ", + "3. are rol \u00een ecranarea razelor UV ", + "4. este precursorul hormonilor tiroidieni " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Matrixul mitocondrial:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een reac\u021biile ciclului Krebs ", + "2. este o mi xtur\u0103 de solu\u021bii organice \u0219i minerale ", + "3. con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een transcriere \u0219i traducere ", + "4. este m\u0103rginit de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103, circular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Hidroliza ATP:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. este catalizat\u0103 de moleculele de ap\u0103 ", + "B. determin\u0103 scindarea unei leg\u0103turi adenozin ~fosfat ", + "C. furnizeaz\u0103 energie schimburilor osmotice ", + "D. duce la formarea de ADP sau AMP " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Provirusurile:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. pot provoca boala vacilor nebune ", + "B. se replic\u0103 independent de cromozom ", + "C. pot fi implicate \u00een transduc\u021bie ", + "D. sunt specifice celulelor procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen ciclul celular mitotic spre deosebire de ciclul celular meiotic al celulelor animale:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. celula mam\u0103 care intr\u0103 \u00een diviziune are o cantitate de ADN 4C ", + "B. num\u0103rul ini\u021bial de cromatide este egal cu num\u0103rul final de cromatide ", + "C. \u00een placa ecuatorial\u0103 exist\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici recombina\u021bi ", + "D. se formeaz\u0103 de trei ori mai pu\u021bine pl\u0103ci anafazice dec\u00e2t \u00een meioz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Plastidele fotosintetizatoare:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. se pot transforma \u00een proplastide \u0219i leucoplaste ", + "B. au tilacoide care se suprapun form\u00e2nd stive ", + "C. con\u021bin clorofila a la cianoficee, alge unicelulare \u0219i plante ", + "D. con\u021bin plasmagene responsabile de androsterilitate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 privind schimbul de substan\u021be la nivelul plasmalemei:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. osmoz\u0103 \u2013 bistrat fosfolipidic \u2013 ap\u0103 \u0219i ioni c\u0103tre solu\u021bia mai concentrat\u0103 ", + "B. difuzie facilitat\u0103 \u2013 proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 \u2013 c\u0103tre solu\u021bia mai concentrat\u0103 ", + "C. transport activ \u2013 pomp\u0103 de ioni \u2013 introduce 2K+ \u0219i elimin\u0103 3Na+ ", + "D. difuzie simpl\u0103 \u2013 canale proteice transmembranare \u2013 glucoz\u0103 \u0219i galactoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Din arborele genealogic al\u0103turat, reprezent\u00e2nd transmiterea unei maladii ereditare rezult\u0103 c\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Leon \u0219i Claire sunt obligatoriu homozigo\u021bi pentru alela dominant\u0103 ", + "B. Rob, Jane, Paula \u0219i Keith sunt obligatoriu heterozigo\u021bi ", + "C. Sian \u0219i David nu pot fi purt\u0103tori ai muta\u021biei ", + "D. Shane \u0219i Laura au suferit concomitent aceea\u0219i muta\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dintre ascomicetele care produc boli la om face parte:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Rhysomucor parasiticus ", + "B. Mucor mucedo ", + "C. Aspergillus niger ", + "D. Penicillium notatum " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ciclul celular se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. cuprinde dou\u0103 etape independente: interfaza \u2013 90% \u0219i diviziunea celular\u0103 \u2013 10% ", + "B. num\u0103rul cromatidelor rezultate la finalul diviziunii este egal cu num\u0103rul cromatidelor din G 2 ", + "C. formarea cromozomilor bicromatidici este succedat\u0103 de sinteza ADN -ului \u0219i a ARN -polimeraz ei \u00een G 1 ", + "D. \u00een timpul interfazei cromatina se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens \u00een prezen\u021ba coloran\u021bilor bazici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cromonemata se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din ADNdc liniar asociat proteinelor acide de tip his tonic ", + "B. stocheaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 a celulelor utilizat\u0103 \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bi repetitive nucleosomale care con\u021bin ADNdc \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat pe un cilindru proteic ", + "D. reprezint\u0103 o structur\u0103 ribonucleoproteic\u0103, ca \u0219i nucleolii implica\u021bi \u00een bioge neza ribozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor vegetale \u0219i animale a evoluat \u00een direc\u021bia :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. egal\u0103rii duratei haplofazei cu cea a diplofazei, at\u00e2t la plante c\u00e2t \u0219i la animale ", + "B. reducerii dimensiunilor \u0219i duratei de timp a spermatofitului, la plante ", + "C. cre\u0219terii duratei haplofazei, produc\u0103toare de game\u021bi, la animale ", + "D. reducerii gametofitului \u00een favoarea sporofitului, la spermatofite " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Apa este:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. un solvent pentru trigliceridele \u0219i alte substan\u021be lipofile ", + "B. molecul\u0103 cu caracter nepolar, care dizolv\u0103 s\u0103ruri minerale ", + "C. mediu de dispersie pentru substan\u021bele din hialoplasm\u0103 ", + "D. \u00een procent de 50% \u00een semin\u021be uscate, cu celule plasmolizate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile pot avea nutri\u021bie:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. autotrof\u0103 prin cromatofori precum Nostoc communae ", + "B. heterotrof\u0103 parazit\u0103 precum protoctistele cromogene purpurii ", + "C. simbiont\u0103, cu fixare de azot precum Escherichia col i ", + "D. autotrof\u0103 chemosintetizatoare precum bacteriile metanogene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cenveli\u0219ul nuclear:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. este caracteristic bacteriilor, algelor, plantelor \u0219i ciupercilor ", + "B. separ\u0103 procesele de replicare \u0219i transcriere de cele de traducere ", + "C. este cel mai important criteriu de asem\u0103nare dintre procariote \u0219i eucariote ", + "D. \u00eempiedic\u0103 schimburile de substan\u021be dintre celule \u0219i dintre carioplasm\u0103 \u0219i citosol " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centr-o familie \u00een c are ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, probabilitatea na\u0219terii celui de -al doilea copil cu luxa\u021bie congenital\u0103 de \u0219old, ca \u0219i primul n\u0103scut, este de:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. 0,5%, dac\u0103 este feti\u021b\u0103 ", + "B. 5,4 %, dac\u0103 este b\u0103iat ", + "C. 6,3 %, dac\u0103 este feti\u021b\u0103 ", + "D. 3 \u2013 4 %, indiferent de sexul copilului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Replica rea macromoleculei de ADNdc presupune:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. respectarea principiului colinearit\u0103\u021bii dintre bazele azotate ", + "B. ruperea leg\u0103turilor glucido -fosforice dintre cele dou\u0103 catene ", + "C. formarea pun\u021bilor de hidrogen \u00eentre fiecare dou\u0103 baze purinice ", + "D. dublarea fiec\u0103rei gene din alc\u0103tuirea genomului nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleoidul:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. este alc\u0103tuit dintr -o macromolecul\u0103 de ARN circular ", + "B. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een toate organismele unicelulare ", + "C. reprezint\u0103 materialul nuclear al celulei eucariote ", + "D. reprezint\u0103 cromozomul organismelor din regnul Monera " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Genotipul reprezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. totalitatea factorilor ereditari sau a genelor unui organism ", + "B. ansamblul tuturor \u00eensu\u0219irilor unui organism ", + "C. rezultatul interac\u021biunii dintre fenotip \u0219i mediu ", + "D. toate genele indivizilor dintr -o specie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. poliploidia poate fi indus\u0103 prin utilizarea acidului nitros ", + "B. Aegilops speltoides este o specie amfiploid\u0103 ", + "C. sfecla de zah\u0103r are forme diploide \u0219i hexaploide ", + "D. sub ac\u021biunea alcaloizilor se ob\u021bine secar\u0103 tetraploid\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile cromozom iale:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. modific\u0103 doar succesiunea nucleotidelor \u00eentr -o gen\u0103 ", + "B. determin\u0103 apari\u021bia anemiei falciforme ", + "C. induc multiplicarea num\u0103rului de seturi de cromozomi ", + "D. pot fi generate prin transloca\u021bii reciproce " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Turgescen\u021ba unei celule:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. variaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un mediu izotonic ", + "B. scade \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipertonic\u0103 ", + "C. se reface prin plasmoliz\u0103 ", + "D. se pierde \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre meioz\u0103 se poate spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. la plante, se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea celulelor reproduc\u0103toare sexuate, numite spori ", + "B. \u00eentre cromozomii bivalen\u021bi lor apar chiasme, posibil urmate de schimb uri de gene ", + "C. la animale, se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 de mai multe ori pe parcursul ovogenezei sau spermatogenezei ", + "D. cele dou\u0103 celule haploide fiice traverseaz\u0103 asincron fazele meiozei II " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Drosophila melanogaster se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. heterozomi diferi\u021bi \u00een alc\u0103tuirea perechii I din genomul femelei ", + "B. culoarea ochilor dependent\u0103 de num\u0103rul de exemplare al regiunii 16A ", + "C. cromozomi politeni \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ale masculului adult ", + "D. determinism cromozom ial al sexelor \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u0219i la a lte insecte diptere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Formarea speciei Triticum aestivum cuprinde:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. diploidizarea spontan\u0103 a speciei Triticum monococcum ", + "B. \u00eencruci\u0219area Aegilops squarosa (2n=7) cu un hibrid fertil ", + "C. realizarea unei duble alopoliploidii \u00een mod natural \u0219i spontan ", + "D. o singur\u0103 etap\u0103 de diploidizare, de la 3n la 6n " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Perenospora sp. \u2013 ciuperc\u0103 saprotrof\u0103 pe resturi vegetale \u0219i animale ", + "B. Rivularia sp. \u2013 alg\u0103 verde unicelular\u0103 cu nucleu individualizat ", + "C. Ustilago maydis \u2013 ciuperc\u0103 microscopic\u0103 care produce ba sidiocarpi ", + "D. Halopshaera minor \u2013 alg\u0103 flagelat\u0103, autotrof\u0103, cu vacuol\u0103 contractil\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een efectele muta\u021biilor plasmagenelor, apari\u021bia:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. hibrizilor interspecifici reciproci ", + "B. coloniilor \u201epetite\u201d de la drojdiile de bere ", + "C. paramecilor rezisten\u021bi de tip \u201ekiller\u201d ", + "D. boabelor de maz\u0103re zb\u00e2rcite " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Num\u0103rul fenotipuri lor diferite rezultate din \u00eencruci\u0219are a dintre doi indivizi triplu heterozigo\u021bi este:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. 16 fenotipuri ", + "B. 64 de fenotipuri ", + "C. 27 de fenotipuri ", + "D. 8 fenotipuri " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care o celul\u0103 -ou a parcurs succesiv 4 diviziuni \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een anafaza mitozei urm\u0103toare, num\u0103rul total al microtubulilor centriolari din structura embrionului \u00een evolu\u021bie este:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. 864 ", + "B. 1728 ", + "C. 3456 ", + "D. 1280 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Doi p\u0103rin\u0163i cu polidactilie dintre care unul are daltonism, au un b\u0103iat cu vedere normal\u0103, hemofilie \u015fi degete normale. Alege \u0163i varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la genotipul unuia dintre p\u0103rin\u0163i:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. mama: aaXdXh ", + "B. tata: AAXdY ", + "C. mama: AaXhX ", + "D. tata: aaXdY " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen experimentele realizate \u00een biotehnologiile de ingi nerie genetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. nucleii celulelor rezultate din primele 4 mitoze ale zigotului sunt totipoten\u021bi ", + "B. hibrizii somatici HeLa au capacitatea de a produce anticorpi \u0219i se divid nelimitat ", + "C. \u0219oarecii alofenici se ob\u021bin din zigo\u021bi al c\u0103ror genotip s -a modificat prin tr ansfer de gene ", + "D. pentru clonare nucleul unui ovul este transferat \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 diploid\u0103 enucleat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen haploidia prin androgenez\u0103 experimental\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. se folosesc ovule care sunt trecu te pe medii de cultur\u0103 ", + "2. se pot ob\u021bine linii izogene utile pentru ameliorarea plantelor ", + "3. se ob\u021bin hibrizi cu calit\u0103\u021bi utile, prin diploidizare ", + "4. rezult\u0103 plante care exprim\u0103 fenotipic toate genele " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre diferite tipuri de simbion \u021bi intracelulari implica\u021bi \u00een ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 \u0219i efectele acestora:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. particule lambda \u2013 sensibilitate crescut\u0103 la dioxid de carbon la musculi\u021bele de o\u021bet ", + "2. particule miu virale \u2013 moartea partenerului la \u00eencruci\u0219area paramecilor ", + "3. factori sigma bacterieni \u2013 predominan\u021ba sexului femel \u00een descenden\u021ba musculi\u021belor de o\u021bet ", + "4. particule kappa bacteriene \u2013 sinteza paramecinei \u0219i rezisten\u021ba paramecilor purt\u0103tori la aceasta " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. se replic\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", + "2. con\u021bine ADN, ATP, ARN, pro teine, lipide, ioni ", + "3. este vizibil\u0103 microscopic ca un corpuscul ata\u0219at de nucleolem\u0103 ", + "4. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een game\u021bii b\u0103rba\u021bilor care au sindrom Klinefelter " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt surse de variabilitate fenotipic\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. dominan\u021ba incomplet\u0103 ", + "2. procesul de fecunda\u021bie ", + "3. muta\u021biile ", + "4. genele letale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin acizi nucleici \u0219i ribonucleoproteine ", + "2. prezint\u0103 oxizomi cu echipament enzimatic bogat ", + "3. sintetizeaz\u0103 compu\u0219i macroergici ", + "4. se pot \u00eenmul\u021bi prin fragmentare sau \u00eenmugurire " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sinteza proteinelor la eucariote \u0219i la procariote:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eencepe \u00een citoplasm\u0103 cu procesul de transcriere ", + "2. se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul unor enzime specifice ", + "3. folose\u0219te ribozomi liberi \u0219i ribozomi fixa\u021bi pe membrane ", + "4. se realizeaz\u0103 conform succesiunii codonilor din ARNm " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine polizaharide sintetizate \u0219i \u00eempachetate de dictiozomi ", + "2. prezint\u0103 lamela mijlocie, hemicelulozic\u0103, \u00eentre pere\u021bii primari ", + "3. prezint\u0103 punctua\u021biuni traversate de cordoane citoplasmatice ", + "4. poate prezenta \u00een structura sa perete secundar de natur\u0103 pectic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Enzimele de restric\u021bie:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. recunosc anumite secven\u021be de nucleotide ", + "2. sunt utilizate \u00een tehnologia ADN recombinant ", + "3. produc fragmente de ADNdc cu capete monocatenare ", + "4. sunt proteine cu activitate de tipul ADN -ligazei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile, ca \u0219i cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin ADNdc, ci rcular, care codific\u0103 toate proteinele func\u021bionale ale organitului ", + "2. prezint\u0103 ribozomi similari celor de la procariote \u0219i o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 ", + "3. con\u021bin plasmagene cu stabilitate mult mai mare comparativ cu cea a genelor nucleare ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 energie, stocat\u0103 \u00een compu\u0219i organici utiliza\u021bi \u00een alte compartimente ale celulei eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Modelul mozaicului fluid al plasmalemei:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. este universal pentru membranele procariotelor \u0219i eucariotelor ", + "2. prezint\u0103 un bistrat fosfolipidic care permite deplas\u0103ri ale proteinelor ", + "3. descri e pompele ionice ca fiind componente transmembranare ", + "4. con\u021bine glicoproteine pe ambele fe\u021be ale membranei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile care afecteaz\u0103 materialul genetic uman pot fi determinate prin:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. amniocentez\u0103 \u2013 depistarea malforma\u021biilor congenitale asociate muta\u021biilor ", + "2. metode citogenetice \u2013 depistarea abera\u021biilor cromozomiale \u0219i a aneuploidiilor ", + "3. ultrasonografia \u2013 depistarea erorilor de metabolism \u0219i a anomaliilor cromozomiale ", + "4. hibridarea celular\u0103 \u0219i molecular\u0103 \u2013 determinarea pozi\u021biei genelor pe cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi componentele celulare care intervin, \u00een diferite etape, \u00een biogeneza urm\u0103toarelor structuri celulare :", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. citoscheletul \u0219i fusul de diviziune; particip\u0103 ribozomii, centrozomul ", + "2. miofibrile, neurofibrile; particip\u0103 nucleul, reticulul endoplasmatic gr anular ", + "3. peretele celular secundar, membrana celular\u0103; particip\u0103 reticulul endoplasmatic neted, dictiozomii ", + "4. ribozomii, corpii tigroizi; particip\u0103 heterocromatina, nucleolii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Culturile in vitro la plante se realizeaz\u0103 cu scopul:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. multiplic\u0103rii rapide a unor ge notipuri valoroase ", + "2. ob\u021binerii unor plante haploide pornind de la gr\u0103uncioare de polen ", + "3. hibrid\u0103rii somatice \u00eentre protopla\u0219ti ", + "4. ob\u021binerii unor linii descenden te f\u0103r\u0103 infec\u021bii virale " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centre organisme procariote \u0219i fung ice pot exista urm\u0103toarele asem\u0103n\u0103ri:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. particip\u0103 la circuitul materiei \u00een natur\u0103, \u00een calitate de descompun\u0103tori ", + "2. pot realiza, \u00een condi\u021bii naturale sau artificiale, diverse procese de fermenta\u021bie ", + "3. particip\u0103, ca partener heterotrof, la rela\u021bii de simbioz\u0103 cu plante superioare ", + "4. au reprezentan\u021bi unice lulari care intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea talului lichenilor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre modific\u0103rile cariotipului uman \u0219i manifest\u0103rile acestora:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. 2n = 47, sex feminin, test pozitiv al cromatinei sexuale \u2192 malforma\u021bii cardiace \u0219i ale capului ", + "2. 2n = 47, sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc, corpuscul Barr absent \u2192 talie sub medie, fertilitate redus\u0103 ", + "3. 2n = 45, corpuscul Barr absent \u2192 talie redus\u0103, g\u00e2t scurt, insuficient\u0103 dezvoltare sexual\u0103 ", + "4. 2n = 47, sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc, test pozitiv al cromatinei sexuale \u2192 comportament agresiv, ginecomasti e " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Categoria lichenilor cu tal ramificat /tufos include:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Rhizocarpon geograficum ", + "2. Cetraria islandica ", + "3. Xanthoria parietina ", + "4. Usnea barbata " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 caracteristicile func\u021bionale ale constituen\u021bilor celulari:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. reticululul endoplasmatic al hepatocitelor are rol \u00een detoxifierea celulei ", + "2. mitocondriile fibrelor musculare furnizeaz\u0103 ATP necesar contra c\u021biilor ", + "3. vacuolele din celulele plantelor au rol \u00een procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei ", + "4. dictiozomii ciupercilor produc mucilagii \u0219i rezerve de amidon " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul respira\u021biei celulare:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. etapa citosolic\u0103 este dependent\u0103 de oxigen ", + "2. se ob\u021bin 38 molecule de ATP la nivel mitocondrial ", + "3. rezult\u0103 CO 2 care difuzeaz\u0103 facilitat din matrice ", + "4. se utilizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be rezultate din ciclul Calvin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ascomicetele, spre deosebire de bazidiomicete se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. unele specii provoac\u0103 ruginile la plante ", + "2. au ca substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 glicogenul ", + "3. formeaz\u0103 micorize cu diferite specii de plante ", + "4. produc f\u0103in\u0103ri la cereale, stejar, vi\u021b\u0103 \u2013 de - vie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic rugos:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. poate fi implicat \u00een etapa de traducere a informa\u021biei genetice ", + "2. se prezint\u0103 sub forma unor vezicule puternic aplatizate ", + "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een continuarea membran ei extern e a \u00eenveli\u0219ului nucleului ", + "4. transport\u0103 c\u0103tre dictiozomi unele proteine sintetizate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Centrul celular:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. este for mat din 9 grupuri de c\u00e2te 3 microtubuli ", + "2. apare la unele ciuperci inferioare \u0219i la unele alge ", + "3. con\u021bine o \u021bes\u0103tur\u0103 de proteine fibrilare elastice ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune la unele protiste " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Daltonismul \u0219i hemofilia:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. sunt maladii sex -linkate ", + "2. se manifest\u0103 numai la hemizigo\u0163i ", + "3. se transmit la fel ca distrofia Duchenne ", + "4. nu pot afecta aceea\u0219i persoan\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caractere determinate de muta\u021bii spontane :", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. sterilitatea la specia Callitroga homini -vorax ", + "2. lipsa pubescen\u021bei fructelor la piersic ", + "3. rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 la Aegilops umbellulata ", + "4. lipsa coarnelor la bovine \u0219i ovine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre materialul genetic extranuclear se poate spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. cloroplastul protistei Chlamydomonas poate con\u021bine 1200 molecule de ADN ", + "2. ADN -ul cloroplastidial este mai constant dec\u00e2t ADN -ul mitocondrial ", + "3. la om, determin\u0103 degenerarea nervului optic cu transmitere matroclin\u0103 ", + "4. muta\u021bii ale citocromilor mitocondriali pot \u00eencetini ritmul de cre\u0219tere la Neurospora " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmodiul malariei :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. distrug e celule nucleate din s\u00e2ngele uman ", + "2. con\u021bin e antigeni ce declan\u0219eaz\u0103 reac\u021bii imunitare ", + "3. se \u00eenmul\u021be \u0219te asexuat \u00een corpul \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel ", + "4. se afl\u0103 ca sporozoizi \u00een saliva \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile \u0219i cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. au evoluat din procariote endosimbionte ", + "2. sunt componente protoplasmatice ", + "3. au aparat de sintez\u0103 proteic\u0103 propriu ", + "4. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune indirect\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ciuperci comestibile sunt:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Bolletus edulis ", + "2. Saccharomices cerevisiae ", + "3. Armillaria mellea ", + "4. Amanita muscaria " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre caracteristicile cariotipului uman \u0219i sindromul corespunz\u0103tor :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. 5 perechi de cromozomi acrocentrici \u2013 sindrom \u201ddublu mascul\u201d ", + "2. 24 de cromozomi metacentrici \u2013 sindrom Klinefelter ", + "3. 6 perechi cromozomi submetacentrici \u2013 sindrom Edwards ", + "4. 12 cromozomi acrocentrici - b\u0103iat cu sindrom Patau " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul persoanelor diagnosticate cu anemie falciform\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. este afectat\u0103 sinteza componentei hem, proteice, a hemoglobinei ", + "2. muta\u021bia genetic\u0103 determin\u0103 modific\u0103ri morfologice, fiziologice \u0219i metabolice la nivelul hematiilor ", + "3. heterozigo\u021bi i au \u00een s\u00e2nge 40% hemoglobin\u0103 normal\u0103 (HbS) \u0219i 60% hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 (HbA) ", + "4. scade capacitatea eritrocitar\u0103 de fixare \u0219i de transport a oxigenului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Microtubulii centriolari sunt:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 tipuri de tubuline fibrilare : \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 ", + "B. \u00een num\u0103r total de 54 \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 aflat\u0103 \u00een diviziune ", + "C. grupa\u021bi c\u00e2te doi, \u00een 9 grupuri periferice per centriol ", + "D. implica\u021bi \u00een controlul anumitor faze ale diviziunii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Spre deosebire de mitocondrii, cloroplastele con\u021bin:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. dou\u0103 membrane distincte \u0219i un aparat genetic de tip procariot ", + "B. ADN, care le confer\u0103 rol \u00een ereditatea transmis\u0103 non -mendelian ", + "C. o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 implicat\u0103 \u00een conversia energiei ", + "D. enzime care catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii ce duc la sinteza glucozei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Enzimele:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. celulare sunt substan\u021be de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 cu gr ad mare de specificitate ", + "B. din mitocondrii sunt implicate \u00een sinteza acidului piruvic \u00een cadrul ciclul ui Krebs ", + "C. de tip ADN -polimeraze se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada G1 (presintetic\u0103) a interfazei ", + "D. din cloroplaste catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii dependente de lumin\u0103 ale ciclu lui Calvin " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Citoza:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. caracterizeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t celulele procariote, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe cele eucariote ", + "B. presupune formare de pinozomi sau de fagozomi, \u00een exocitoz\u0103 ", + "C. se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul veziculelor, f\u0103r\u0103 consum de energie ", + "D. este necesar\u0103 macrofagelor pentru a \u00eencorpora celule procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ciclul meiotic se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. replicarea conservativ\u0103 a ADN -ului \u00een interfaza dinaintea etapei reduc\u021bionale ", + "B. dou\u0103 segreg\u0103ri: a cromatidelor surori (meioza I), a cromozomilor omologi (meioza II) ", + "C. cuplarea a dou\u0103 diviziuni separate d e o interchinez\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sintez\u0103 replicativ\u0103 a ADN ", + "D. migrarea cromozomilor spre poli \u00een func\u021bie de originea lor matern\u0103 sau patern\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cursul diviziunii mitotice:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune \u0219i calotele polare, pe baza cliv\u0103rii centrozomului ", + "B. are loc deplasa rea cromatidelor surori c\u0103tre poli prin scurtarea filamentelor polare ", + "C. cromozomii revin la aspectul interfazic, fiecare av\u00e2nd dou\u0103 cromatide lungi \u0219i sub\u021biri ", + "D. vezicule golgiene ajung la nivelul liniei de demarca\u021bie dintre cele dou\u0103 celule fiice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Miofibrilele sunt:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. elemente contractile din membrana celulei musculare care reprezint\u0103 suportul morfologic al contrac\u021biei musculare ", + "B. ancorate \u00eentre ele astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 poat\u0103 glisa unele printre altele, determin \u00e2nd scurtarea celulei musculare ", + "C. structuri care dau aspectul caracteristic celulelor musculare striate datorit\u0103 alternan\u021bei discurilor clare cu cele \u00eentunecate ", + "D. alc\u0103tuite din miofilamente groase de actin\u0103 \u0219i sub\u021biri de miozin\u0103 dispuse hexagonal, observabile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. mitocondrial \u2013 este responsab il de direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la melcul Limnaea ", + "B. cloroplastic \u2013 este unicul responsabil de androsterilitatea extra nuclear\u0103 de la porumb ", + "C. din particulele K \u2013 este implicat \u00een sinteza paramecinei la tipul sensibil de parameci ", + "D. din particulele miu - poate suferi muta\u021bii ce determin\u0103 apari\u021bia tipului poky la Neurospora crassa " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre substan\u021bele organice prezente \u00een organismele vii se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. steroizii reprezint\u0103 materie prim\u0103 indispensabil\u0103 sintezei unor enzime ", + "B. trigliceridele sunt molecule polare, solubile \u00een ap\u0103, cu important rol energetic \u00een celul\u0103 ", + "C. celuloza este un dizaharid prezent \u00een structura peretelui celulelor vegetale ", + "D. vitaminele au rol \u00een reac\u021bii celulare deoarece alc\u0103tuiesc grup\u0103ri active ale unor enzime " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular este:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eenso\u021bit de mucus, la bacterii, form\u00e2nd \u00eempreun\u0103 glicocalixul ", + "B. format din polizaharide globulare, precum mureina sau chitina ", + "C. alc\u0103tuit dintr -o matrice celulozic\u0103 \u0219i un schelet pectic, la plante ", + "D. str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ce includ RE, la nivelul punctua\u021biunilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u00een formare \u0219i alta matur\u0103, ce asociaz\u0103 ribozomi ", + "B. prelucreaz\u0103 specific molecule sintetizate la nivelul RER, \u00een func\u021bie de destina\u021bia lor ", + "C. este prezent \u00een hematiile adulte ale mamiferelor, dar absent la procariote ", + "D. este imp licat \u00een formarea lizozomilor \u0219i a peretelui celular \u00een celulele animale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. implic\u0103 un schimb reciproc de mai multe gene/o gen\u0103 sau chiar un schimb intragenic ", + "B. are frecven\u021ba corelat\u0103 cu distan\u021ba dintre gene, fiind mai mare \u00eentre gene mai apropiate ", + "C. asigur\u0103 sporirea variabilit\u0103\u021bii genetice, ca rezultat al schimbului de gene alele identice ", + "D. st\u0103 la baza modific\u0103rilor muta\u021bionale ale materialului genetic, fiind simplu sau multiplu " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Autopoliploidia este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. trandafir, garoaf\u0103, tutun ", + "B. sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r, gr\u00e2u, secar\u0103 ", + "C. vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, m\u0103r , salcie ", + "D. sfecla de zah\u0103r , plop, Triticale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele manifest\u0103ri s unt prezente \u00een tabloul clinic al sindromului Down:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. talie mic\u0103, dolicocefalie, urechi mari \u0219i dispuse mai jos ", + "B. malforma\u021bii viscerale diverse (cardiace, digestive) ", + "C. rigiditate articular\u0103, degete \u00eendoite \u00een pumn, piele uscat\u0103 ", + "D. activitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 a enzimei superoxid -dismutaza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculul Barr:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. este absent \u00een celulele unei femei cu sindrom Turner \u0219i \u00een celulele unui b\u0103rbat normal ", + "B. apare ca un corpuscul slab colorat, ata\u0219at membranei celulare, \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", + "C. este prezent \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare \u00een celulele unui b\u0103rbat cu sindromul \u201edublu mascul\u201d ", + "D. apare prin heterocromatinizarea heterozomului acrocentric \u0219i lipsit de satelit " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prin iradiere s-a reu\u0219it:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. transferul genei care determin\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 de la T. aestivum la A. umbellulata ", + "B. ata\u0219area genei pentru culoarea neagr\u0103 a ou\u0103lor pe cromozomul X, la \u2642 vierm ilor de m\u0103tase ", + "C. sterilizarea indivizilor de Callitroga homini -vorax , care paraziteaz\u0103 animalele domestice ", + "D. ob\u021binerea de mutante pubescente la piersic dup\u0103 1 - 2 ani de la \u00eenceperea iradierilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre enzimopatie \u0219i cauza acesteia:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. fenilcetonuria \u2013 blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een acid fenilpiruvic ", + "B. albinism \u2013 blocarea sintezei enzimei ce converte\u0219te tiroxina \u00een melanin\u0103 ", + "C. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u0219\u0103 \u2013 deficien\u021ba enzimei tirozinaza ", + "D. idio\u021benia fenilpiruvic\u0103 \u2013 deficien\u021ba enzimei fenilalanin -hidroxilaza " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi efectele unor factori mutageni chimici :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. iperita afecteaz\u0103 replicarea ADN, determin\u00e2nd tranzac\u021bii de tipul AT -GC ", + "B. solu\u021biile de Lindan \u0219i colchicin\u0103 1% exercit\u0103 efecte statmochinetice \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", + "C. acidul nitro s determin\u0103 dezamin\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eemperecheri eronate \u00eentre bazele azotate ", + "D. fenolii determin\u0103 ruperi ale cromozomilor f\u0103r\u0103 a fi urmate de transloca\u021bii, la animale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul genetic al sexelor la Bryonia dioica se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. diferen\u021bierea cromozomilor sexului: XY la sexul \u2640 \u0219i XX la sexul \u2642 ", + "B. formarea unui singur tip de game\u021bi \u2640 \u0219i a dou\u0103 tipuri de game\u021bi \u2642 ", + "C. prezen\u021ba heterozomilor multipli, fiind o specie amfi poliploid\u0103 ", + "D. formarea de game\u021bi \u2642 f\u0103r\u0103 heterozomi, sexul \u2640 fiind XX, iar cel \u2642 XO " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Diagnoza prenatal\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. ultrasonografie, prin care se detecteaz\u0103 toate erorile de metabolism ale f\u0103tului ", + "B. amniocentez\u0103, const\u00e2nd \u00een recoltarea de lichid amniotic \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", + "C. analiza Doppler, care se efectueaz\u0103 prin utilizarea unor markeri fetali ", + "D. laparoscopie, prin care se extrag ovule ce sunt examinate genetic \u0219i bi ochimic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103 presupune:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. ob\u021binerea ADN -insert prin utilizarea endonucleazelor de restric\u021bie de origine viral\u0103 ", + "B. prelucrarea vectorului de clonare, virus sau plasmid, prin bombardarea lui cu ADN ", + "C. ob\u021binerea ADN -recombinant (ADN -rec) cu ajutorul enzimelor ADN -giraze ", + "D. multiplicarea ADN -rec \u0219i introducerea \u00eentr -o gazd\u0103, de regul\u0103 bacterie sau drojdie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Multiplicarea viral\u0103 presupune:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. decapsularea realizat\u0103 \u00eenainte sau dup\u0103 p\u0103trunderea \u00een celula -gazd\u0103 parazitat\u0103 ", + "B. realizarea unor procese de replicare, t ranscriere \u0219i traducere a acidului nucleic viral ", + "C. sinteza de noi capsomere, pe baza informa\u021biei genetice oferite de proteinele virale ", + "D. eliberarea noilor particule virale din celul\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna prin liza acesteia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt viroze \u00eent\u00e2lnite la plante:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. b\u0103\u0219icarea f runzelor de piersic, arsura perilor ", + "B. ve\u0219tejirea fasolei, putregaiul umed al morcovului ", + "C. r\u0103sucirea frunzelor de cartof, mozaicul castrave\u021bilor ", + "D. cancerul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor de sfecl\u0103, mozaicul porumbului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Virusul HIV:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. are form\u0103 sferic\u0103, fiind delimitat de o caps ul\u0103 bistratificat\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 ", + "B. are genomul viral alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 molecule de acid ribonucleic ", + "C. se poate integra \u00een nucleu l celulei -gazd\u0103 ca virus vegetativ ", + "D. atac\u0103 limfocitele B cu rol important \u00een imunitatea celular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nostoc communae :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. formeaz\u0103 colonii filamentoase de celule alungite, \u00eenconjurate de o teac\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", + "B. se poate \u00eenmul\u021bi vegetativ prin heteroci\u0219ti sau prin diviziune direct\u0103 (amitoz\u0103) ", + "C. con\u021bine \u00een centroplasma celulelor ficocianin\u0103, care predomin\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de clorofil\u0103 ", + "D. produce un tip de amidon similar structural cu glicogenul, care se coloreaz\u0103 cu iodul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Multe specii de bacterii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. peretelui celular rigid, mureinic, ce particip\u0103 \u0219i la sporogenez\u0103 ", + "B. pililor - filamente scurte, rigide, cu rol \u00een formarea coloniilor ", + "C. pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori asocia\u021bi cu mezozomii, la bacteriile fotoautotrofe ", + "D. fimbriilor \u2013 filamente lungi cu rol \u00een reproducerea sexuat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Reproducerea sexuat\u0103 la protiste se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. diviziune transversal\u0103 la speciile genului Stentor \u0219i Vorticella ", + "B. schimb de material nuclear la Paramoecium caudatum ", + "C. diviziune longitudinal\u0103 la eugl enoficeele Phacus \u0219i Ascoglena ", + "D. formarea sporozoizilor \u00een hematiile omului la Plasmodium sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sarcodinele:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. marine planctonice, precum forami niferii - au pseudopode fine, dispuse radial ", + "B. parazite, ca Entamoeba histolitica - provoac\u0103 meningoencefalite la om ", + "C. de ap\u0103 dulce, precum Amoeba proteus \u2013 se pot deshidrata \u0219i proteja de un \u00eenveli\u0219 ", + "D. parazite, ca Naegleria fowleri - produc afec\u021biuni gastrointestinale la om " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Oomicetele:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. sunt numite \u0219i mucegaiuri chemosintetizante sau pseudofungi ", + "B. diferen\u021biaz\u0103 zoosporangi \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 zoospori haploizi, imobili ", + "C. au aparatul vegetativ format din hife cu structur\u0103 cenocitic\u0103 ", + "D. se reproduc sexuat, form\u00e2nd spori de rezi sten\u021b\u0103 (conidii) peste iarn\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La Mucor mucedo:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. miceliul este alc\u0103tuit dintr -o hif\u0103 pluricelular\u0103, polinucleat\u0103 \u0219i ramificat\u0103 ", + "B. reproducerea sexuat\u0103 este o heterogametangiogamie, rezult\u00e2nd micelii 2n ", + "C. \u00een sporangii purta\u021bi de sporangiofori se formeaz\u0103 aplanospori g\u0103lbui sau hialini ", + "D. rezultatul reproducerii asexuate este zigosporul, cu rol de rezisten\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen transmiterea culori lor ro\u0219u \u0219i alb ale florilor la plantele de gura leului spre deosebire de transmiterea acestor culori la floril e de maz\u0103re:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 genotip din F2 este 1:2:1 ", + "2. \u00een prima genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 toate florile au acela\u0219i fenotip ", + "3. \u00een a doua genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 to\u021bi indivizii homozigo\u021bi au flori roz ", + "4. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 fenotip \u00een F2 este 1:2:1 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile chimiotrofe:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin cloroplaste necesare pentru modul lor autotrof de hr\u0103nire ", + "2. pot provoca boli numite bacterioze precum difteria \u0219i holera ", + "3. fac parte din grupul cia nobacteriilor unicelulare sau coloniale filamentoase ", + "4. folosesc energia chimic\u0103 rezultat\u0103 prin oxidarea unor substan\u021be minerale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre ciuperci c\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din \u021besuturi false numite plectenchimuri ", + "2. pot forma simbioze cu unele plante , denumite micoze ", + "3. produc glicogen \u0219i lipide ca produ\u0219i de asimila\u021bie ", + "4. se \u00eenmul\u021besc asexuat prin gametangiogamie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Plastidele \u0219i mitocondriile au \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. factori implica\u021bi \u00een transcrierea \u0219i traducerea informa\u021biei genetice ", + "2. molecule de ADN cu reg iuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 \u0219i eucromatin\u0103 ", + "3. molecule macroergice fiecare av\u00e2nd o adenin\u0103, o riboz\u0103 \u0219i trei radicali fosfat ", + "4. ioni de fier, ioni de magneziu, enzime, ARNt, ARNm, ARNv, ARNr " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Diatomeele \u0219i radiolarii au \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. rol geologic prin rocile formate dup\u0103 moartea lor ", + "2. fac parte din \u00eencreng\u0103tura Crysophyta ", + "3. structuri silicioase situate la exterior ul organismului ", + "4. cromatofori mari cu pigmen\u021bi aurii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. glucidele \u0219i s\u0103rurile minerale sunt surs e principal e de energie la plante ", + "2. lipidele se formeaz\u0103 prin combinarea acizilor gra\u0219i cu glicerolul ", + "3. ceridele sunt lipide complexe aflate \u00een semin\u021be \u0219i \u00een ceara de balen\u0103 ", + "4. fosfolipidele \u0219i colesterolul particip\u0103 la formarea membranelor celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Mecanismul cromozom al de determinare a sexelor:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. la Mus minutoides minutoides \u0219i la Humulus lupulus se face cu heterozomi multipli ", + "2. la Bombyx mori ca \u0219i la fluturele Abraxas implic\u0103 masculi heterogametici XO ", + "3. la Protenor bleifragei \u0219i la Drosophyla melanogaster masculii produc dou\u0103 tipuri de game\u021bi ", + "4. la Zea mays \u0219i la Humulus lupulus implic\u0103 doar doi heterozomi identici XX pentru sexul femel " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Dominan\u021ba incomplet\u0103 se manifest\u0103 \u00een determinismul culorii florilor la:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Mirabilis jalapa ", + "2. Zea mays ", + "3. Antirrhinum majus ", + "4. Pisum sativum " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. const\u0103 \u00eentr -un ansamblu de tehnici \u0219i metode prin care se pot izola, multiplica \u0219i transfera genele ", + "2. folose\u0219te reverstranscriptaze pentru sinteza \u00een eprubet\u0103 a genei de interes pornind de la matri\u021b\u0103 de ARNm ", + "3. este utilizat\u0103 pentru ob\u021binerea unor vaccinuri, a unor hormoni de cre\u0219tere, a unor plante rezistente la boli ", + "4. utilizeaz\u0103 ca vectori endonucleaze de restric\u021bie, ADN ligaze , plasmide \u015fi virusuri " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nomenclatura binar\u0103:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. a fost introdus\u0103 \u00een secolul XIX de naturalistul suedez Karl Linn\u00e9 ", + "2. pentru stejar este Quercus robur , iar pentru \u0219acal Canis aureus ", + "3. cuprinde dou\u0103 cuvinte: primul denume\u0219te specia, al doilea genul ", + "4. este unic\u0103 \u0219i utilizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre taxonomi\u0219tii din toat\u0103 lumea " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Bazidiomicete \u2013 Peronospora sp. \u2013 provoac\u0103 mana cepei ", + "2. Zigomicete \u2013 Pilobolus sp. \u2013 provoac\u0103 mucoromicoze ", + "3. Ascomicete \u2013 Taphrina sp. \u2013 produce putregaiul fructelor ", + "4. Zigomicete \u2013 Glomus sp. \u2013 formeaz\u0103 simbioze micorizale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Dintre bolile ereditare cu manifestare de tip dominant, face parte:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. fenilcetonuria ", + "2. brahicefalia ", + "3. hemofilia ", + "4. sindactilia " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre mitoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. presupune transform\u0103ri ale p\u0103r\u021bii solide a nucleoplasmei ", + "2. permite refacerea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een zigotul nou -format ", + "3. este diviziunea implicat\u0103 \u00een formarea embrionului din celula -ou ", + "4. presupune derularea unor etape reduc\u021bionale \u0219i ecva\u021bionale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Dup\u0103 tipul cromozomilor afecta\u021bi, muta\u021biile pot fi:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. naturale ", + "2. autozomale ", + "3. artificiale ", + "4. heterozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Lamela mijlocie:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. con\u0163ine substan\u021be fosfolipoproteice amorfe ", + "2. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din pectine cu rol de cimentare ", + "3. este organizat\u0103 sub forma \u201emozaicului fluid\u201d ", + "4. une\u0219te pere\u0163ii celulelor vegetale \u00eenvecinate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Din grupul ciupercilor bazidiomicete parazite ale gr\u00e2ului face parte:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Tilletia tritici ", + "2. Ustilago maydis ", + "3. Puccinia graminis ", + "4. Aspergillus niger " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. pebrina este provocat\u0103 de sporozoarul Nosema bombycis ", + "2. Rhyzomucor parasiticus poate afecta pl\u0103m\u00e2nii oamenilor ", + "3. Nosema apis este un parazit care afecteaz\u0103 intestinul albinelor ", + "4. mana cartofului este provocat\u0103 de Phytophtora infestans " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Protoctistele clorofite:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. se pot \u00eenmul\u021bi asexuat prin zoospori mobili ", + "2. implic\u0103 doi game\u021bi mobili \u00een procesul de conjugare ", + "3. pot con\u021bine xantofil\u0103, carotin\u0103, clorofila a \u0219i b ", + "4. sunt organisme autotrofe, heterotrofe \u0219i mixotrofe " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele de tip Hibridoma produc mari cantit\u0103\u021bi de interferon deoarece:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. au informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 necesar\u0103 producerii anticorpilor preluat\u0103 de la fibroblaste ", + "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin hibridarea celulelor tumorale cu celule din glandele mamare ", + "3. au capacitate nelimitat\u0103 de diviziune indus\u0103 de func\u021bionalitatea celulelor tumorale ", + "4. se divid foarte des datorit\u0103 mediul ui de cultur\u0103 supernutritiv , care nu trebuie \u00eemprosp\u0103tat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale celulelor fungale:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eenveli\u0219ul nuclear se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul telofazei mitozei ", + "2. peretele celular este frecvent chitinos, iar plastidele sunt \u00een num\u0103r redus ", + "3. produ\u0219ii de rezerv\u0103 sunt reprezenta\u021bi de glicerol , amidon \u0219i lipide ", + "4. pot fi haploide, dicariotice sau diploide, dup\u0103 organizarea materialului nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. arhebacteriile \u015fi cianobacteriile sunt procariote deoarece au o form \u0103 primitiv\u0103 de organizare a ", + "2. unele ciuperci se hr\u0103nesc autotrof deoarece se asociaz\u0103 cu algele albastre -verzi form\u00e2nd lichenii ", + "3. plasmodiul malariei este un sporozoar deoarece produce spori prin care supravie\u021buie\u0219te \u00een afar a gazdelor ", + "4. protistele au o mare importan\u021b\u0103 filogenetic\u0103 deoarece reprezint\u0103 un grup evolutiv lipsit de descenden\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Down \u0219i sindromul Klinefelter:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. pot avea \u00een comun prezen\u021ba unei cromozom X puternic condensat ", + "2. afecteaz\u0103 fertilitatea b\u0103rba\u021bilor \u0219i aspectul lor morfologic ", + "3. pot ap\u0103rea din fecundarea unor ovule cu un singur cromozom X ", + "4. sunt trisomii heterozomale cu 2n=47 care pot afecta b\u0103rba\u021bii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi liberi sau ata\u0219a\u021bi pe fa\u021ba citosolic\u0103 a membranelor RE ", + "2. con\u021bin factori implica\u021bi \u00een alungirea catenelor polipeptidice ", + "3. au rol important \u00een sinteza proteinelor mitocondriale ", + "4. con\u021bin ARN \u0219i proteine \u00een cele dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi egale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul metafazic al perechii 5:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 cromatide omoloage, condensate, subme tacentrice ", + "2. are o morfologie dinamic\u0103 pe parcursul fazelor mitotice ", + "3. apar\u021bine grupei B \u0219i este mai scurt \u00een maladia \u201ecri du chat\u201c ", + "4. se prinde de firele fusului de diviziune prin centrozom " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Albinismul:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. are frecven\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 la amerindienii din Panama ", + "2. poate fi o consecin\u021b\u0103 a homozigot\u0103rii prin consangviniz are ", + "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin absen\u021ba pigmen\u021bilor melanici ", + "4. apare prin blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolul este:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. prezent \u00een toate celulele vegetale \u0219i animale ", + "2. materialul genetic bacterian situat \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "3. delimitat de carioplasm\u0103 printr -o membran\u0103 ", + "4. implicat \u00een biogeneza subunit\u0103\u021bilor ribozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Speciile din genul Mycrocystis :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. fac parte din grupul cianobacteriilor ", + "2. sunt frecvente \u00een apele poluate ", + "3. au celule dispuse \u00eentr -o mas \u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", + "4. pot provoca fenomene de \u00eenflorire a apelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103 presupune tehnici prin care:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. se utilizeaz\u0103 protopla\u015fti animali \u00een vederea fuzion\u0103rii cu cei vegetali , proces numit hibridare somatic\u0103 ", + "2. se pot ob\u021bine, prin clonare, animale precum oaia Dolly, vaca Holly sau maimu\u021ba Tetra ", + "3. se utilizeaz\u0103 ovule vegetale diploidizate pentru ob\u021binerea de linii izogene cu importan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103 ", + "4. se pot ob\u021bine linii pure de plante prin androgenez\u0103 experimental\u0103 \u0219i tratamente cu colchicin\u0103 1% " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Fenomenul de crossing - over s pre deosebire de cel de transloca\u021bie se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. apari\u021bia duplica\u021biei pentru un segment cromozomal ", + "2. formarea unor leg\u0103turi nucleoproteice doar la nivelul centromerilor cromozomilor omologi ", + "3. schimburi nereciproce de segmente cromozomiale ", + "4. realizarea unor noi combina\u021bii de gene \u00een absen\u021ba factorului muta\u021bional " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Profaza I spre deosebire de profaza II :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. implic\u0103 dezorganizarea membranei nucleare \u0219i a structurilor cu rol \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", + "2. presupune organizarea fusului de diviziune cu participarea centrozomilor ", + "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin s piralizarea cromozomilor bicromatidici recombina\u021bi \u0219i condensa\u021bi ", + "4. urmeaz\u0103 unei etape a ciclului celular \u00een care a avut loc replicarea ADN " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Lamela mijlocie:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. are structur\u0103 compact\u0103 \u015fi rigid\u0103 la unele tipuri celulare ", + "B. con\u0163ine predominant chitin\u0103 la ciuperci ", + "C. se g\u0103se\u015fte \u00eentre peretele celular primar \u015fi cel secundar ", + "D. este de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. este o diviziune sincron\u0103 ", + "B. reprezint\u0103 un tip primitiv de diviziune ", + "C. implic\u0103 condensarea crom ozomilor ", + "D. ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte a ciclului celular " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatoforii:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. sunt cromoplaste ", + "B. con\u0163in clorofila a ", + "C. au caracter cristaloid ", + "D. abund\u0103 \u00een petale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen profaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een metafaz\u0103, cromozomii:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. sunt formati din dou\u0103 fibre de cromatin\u0103 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 un centrozom care une\u015f te dou\u0103 bra\u0163e ", + "C. ating maximum de condensare ", + "D. au o morfologie tipic\u0103 pentru o anumit\u0103 specie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. are loc \u00een timpul profazei mitozei ", + "B. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de formarea bivalen\u021bilor ", + "C. modific\u0103 raportul de segregare mendelian ", + "D. este li psit\u0103 de efecte fenotipice la heterozigo\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Observat la microscopul optic, nucleul:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. apare mai pu\u021bin refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul ", + "B. are form\u0103 lobat\u0103 \u00een celulele embrionare ", + "C. prezint\u0103 una sau mai multe zone mai \u00eentunecate ", + "D. apare ca fiind delimitat de dou\u0103 citomembr ane " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "B\u0103rba\u021bii sunt afecta\u021bi mult mai frecvent dec\u00e2t femeile \u00een cazul:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. distrofiei musculare Duchenne ", + "B. fenilcetonuriei ", + "C. scorbutului ", + "D. sindromului \u201ccri du chat\u201d " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fagocitoza:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. conduce la un fagozom bogat \u00een enzime hidrolitice ", + "B. este un proces de permea\u021bie realizat cu ajutorul pseudopodelor ", + "C. const\u0103 \u00een \u00eencorporarea unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", + "D. necesit\u0103 participarea elementelor citoscheletale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi la nivelul tubulilor ", + "B. este implicat \u00een sinteza de citomembrane ", + "C. formeaz \u0103 corpusculii Nissl ai ciupercilor ", + "D. are rol \u00een secre\u021bia unor substan\u021be nocive " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Componentele func\u021bionale ale membranei plasmatice:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. sunt lan\u021buri de aminoacizi complex \u00eempachetate ", + "B. sunt dispuse sub form\u0103 de bistrat ", + "C. reprezint\u0103 structurile fixe ale plasmalemei ", + "D. asigur\u0103 transportul O 2 \u0219i CO 2 prin membran\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Meioza spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. este precedat\u0103 de replica\u021bia cromozomilor ", + "B. presupune citokineza urmat\u0103 de cariokineza ", + "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin dou\u0103 cariokineze ", + "D. presupune diviziunea nucleul ui \u00een patru faze " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen perioada G2:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. celula intr\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 scurt\u0103 de odihn\u0103 ", + "B. nucleolii \u00eencep s\u0103 se dezorganizeze ", + "C. cromatina se condenseaz\u0103 \u0219i se fragment eaz\u0103 ", + "D. ribozomii sintetizeaz\u0103 proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Androsterilitatea la plante:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. respect\u0103 legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii ", + "B. se datoreaz\u0103 fenomen ului de heterozis ", + "C. este indus\u0103 doar de gene nucleare ", + "D. \u00eempiedic\u0103 autoreproducere a lor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Grupa D cuprinde:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. heterozomul X ", + "B. perechile 16 -18 de cromozomi ", + "C. cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", + "D. cromozomi scur\u021bi de tip metacentric " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Prin metoda studiului gemenilor mo nozigo\u021bi s -a putut stabili caracterul neereditar al:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. debilit\u0103\u021bii mintale ", + "B. hemeralopiei ", + "C. tuberculozei ", + "D. diabetului insipid " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Procariotele spre deosebire de eucariote au:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. o interfaz\u0103 scurt\u0103 \u00eentre dou\u0103 mitoze succesive ", + "B. un raport mare suprafa\u021b\u0103/volum ", + "C. ribozomi lipsi\u021b i de membran\u0103 ", + "D. incluziuni acumulate \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Reducerea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een timpul meiozei este consecin\u021ba:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. replica\u021biei cromozomilor dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", + "B. dublei cariokineze desp\u0103r\u021bite de o interfaz\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de perioada S ", + "C. separ\u0103rii cromati delor surori \u00een cromozomi monocromatidici ", + "D. recombin\u0103rii genetice intra \u0219i intercromozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "ADNcp spre deosebire de ADNmt:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. este o molecul\u0103 de form\u0103 circular\u0103 ", + "B. se replic\u0103 independent de ADN nuclear ", + "C. prezint\u0103 numeroase regiuni heterocromatinizate ", + "D. este mai cons tant reu\u0219ind s\u0103 contracareze efectele factorilor de mediu " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Eucromatina:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza proteinelor celulare ", + "B. se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t heterocromatina ", + "C. se poate eviden\u021bia \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", + "D. este o regiune mai condensat\u0103 a cromatinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolii \u00een interfaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. sunt dispu\u0219i \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "B. au rol \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", + "C. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een ADN \u0219i ARN ", + "D. sunt delimita\u021bi de membran\u0103 proprie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Dictiozomii au aspect granulos \u00een:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. st\u0103ri patologice ", + "B. st\u0103ri fizi ologice normale ", + "C. timpul diviziu nii tuturor celulelor ", + "D. celulele secretoare s\u0103n\u0103toase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile genice determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. sindromul \u201dcri du chat\u201d ", + "B. deficien\u021be enzimatice ", + "C. abera\u021bii numerice heterozomale ", + "D. apari\u021bia monosomiilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul sexelor este:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomal de tip Abraxas , la c\u00eenep\u0103 ", + "B. cu hetero zomi multipli la albin\u0103 ", + "C. cromozomal de tip Drosophyla , la spanac ", + "D. cu masculi haploizi la roz\u0103toare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii din metafaza I :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. sunt forma\u021bi din patru cromatide identice ", + "B. ata\u0219a\u021bi de filamentele polare ale fusului de diviziune ", + "C. au cromatidele surori unite prin fibre kinetocorale ", + "D. formeaz\u0103 bivalen\u021bii sau tetradele cromozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii pot fi situa\u021bi pe membrana:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. reticulului endoplasmatic neted ", + "B. substan\u021bei tigroide neuronale ", + "C. extern\u0103 a cloroplastului ", + "D. intern\u0103 a nucleului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cat\u00e2rul spre deosebire de bardou are:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. talie mai mic\u0103 ", + "B. 63 de cromozomi ", + "C. sterilitate reproductiv\u0103 ", + "D. putere de trac\u021biune mai mare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Drosophyla melanogaster are:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. opt cromozomi identici morfologic ", + "B. capacitatea de a se \u00eenmul\u021bi o dat\u0103 pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 ", + "C. cromozomi uria\u0219i \u00een glandele salivare ale adul\u021bilor ", + "D. capacitatea de a diferen\u021bia sexele prin perechea I de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Din categoria glucidelor complexe face parte:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. clorofila ", + "B. chitina ", + "C. cheratin\u0103 ", + "D. colesterolul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Membrana plasmatic\u0103 spre deosebire de peretele celular:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. poate s\u0103 fie primar\u0103 \u0219i secundar\u0103 ", + "B. permite transportul unor substan\u021be ", + "C. protejeaz\u0103 celula de factorii de mediu ", + "D. se delimiteaz\u0103 spre interior delimit\u00e2nd organite " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Conform legii purit\u0103\u021bii game\u021bilor:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. perechile de gene sunt homozigote din punct de vedere genetic ", + "B. \u00eentr-un gamet se afl\u0103 un singur factor ereditar dintr -o pe reche ", + "C. perechile de gene sunt heterozigote din punct de vedere genetic ", + "D. \u00eentr-un gamet factorii ereditari se afl\u0103 sub form\u0103 de pereche " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Triticum aestivum este o specie:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. alopoliploid\u0103 ", + "2. hexaploid\u0103 ", + "3. amfiploid\u0103 ", + "4. autopoliploid\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Genele recesive ajung mai frecvent \u00een condi\u021bie homozigot\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. la copiii n\u0103scu\u021bi de mame de peste 40 de ani ", + "2. \u00een cadrul popula\u021biilor izolate ", + "3. \u00een cazul expunerii la factorii mutageni ", + "4. la descenden\u021bii familiilor consangvine " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Testul cromatinei sexuale este negativ la:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. femeile cu sindrom Turner ", + "2. persoanele cu monosomie heterozomal\u0103 ", + "3. b\u0103rba\u021bii cu s indrom Down ", + "4. sexul heterogametic de tip Drosophila " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile genomice sunt rezultatul:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. fragment\u0103rii fusului de diviziune ", + "2. ac\u021biunii statmochinetice a unor substan\u021be ", + "3. nondisjunc\u021biei cromozomilor omologi ", + "4. eredit\u0103\u021bii de tip matroclin " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen transportul activ prin m embrana plasmatic\u0103:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. sunt sco\u0219i din celul\u0103 ionii de Na+ \u0219i sunt introdu\u0219i ionii de K+ ", + "2. sunt transportate macromolecule sau particule materiale ", + "3. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 dependente de descompunerea ATP ", + "4. presupune deplasarea substan\u021bei \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cariotipul unui b\u0103rbat cu sindrom Klinefelter pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. determinismul genic al sexului ", + "2. prezen\u021ba a doi heterozomi omologi ", + "3. existen\u021ba a trei cromozomi \u00een grupa D ", + "4. prezen\u021ba a 14 autozomi \u00een grupa C " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anafaza I:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii replica\u021bi m igreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre polii celulei ", + "2. cantitatea de ADN este dubl\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de interfaz\u0103 ", + "3. seturile de cromozomi sunt recombinate ", + "4. fibrele polare trag cromozomii c\u0103tre poli " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Membranele tilacoidale:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. convertesc lumina \u00een energie chimic\u0103 ", + "2. au structur\u0103 de mozaic -fluid ", + "3. formeaz\u0103 prin suprapunere grane ", + "4. sunt membrane energizante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin un aparat genetic de tip procariot ", + "2. prezint\u0103 criste care p\u0103trund ad\u00e2nc \u00een strom\u0103 (matrix) ", + "3. se transmit de la o genera\u021bie celular\u0103 la alta ", + "4. sunt sediul unor procese consumatoare de ATP " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 cromozomi dicromatidici pe toate durata sa ", + "2. conduce la formarea a dou\u0103 meiocite ", + "3. este generatoare de variabilitate \u00een lumea vie ", + "4. duce la formare unor celulele fiice cu genotip identic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Maz\u0103rea:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. este o plant\u0103 autogam\u0103 ", + "2. are numeroase s oiuri cu caractere distincte ", + "3. se poate hibrida prin polenizare artificial\u0103 ", + "4. prezint\u0103 multe caractere constante de la o genera\u021bie la alta " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Semidominan\u021ba a fost descris\u0103 la:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. plante de barba \u00eemp\u0103ratului ", + "2. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia ", + "3. indivizi ai speciei umane ", + "4. plante de g ura leului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Un fenotip diferit de cel al genitorilor homozigo\u021bi apare \u00een urma interac\u021biunii alelice de tip:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. codominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "2. semidominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. supradominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "4. dominan\u021b\u0103 incomplet\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Heterozisul se manifest\u0103 la to\u021bi descenden\u021bii :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. homozigo\u021bi recesivi ", + "2. din F2 rezulta\u021bi prin monohibridare ", + "3. cu orice combina\u021bie genotipic\u0103 ", + "4. primei genera\u021bii hibride " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fenotipul spre deosebire de genotip :", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. variaz\u0103, \u00eentre anumite limite, \u00een func\u021bie de condi\u021biile de mediu ", + "2. reprezint\u0103 totalitatea combina\u021biile de gene ", + "3. const\u0103 \u00een tr\u0103s\u0103turile morfofizio logice ale indivizilor ", + "4. este structura genetic\u0103 a indivizilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Heterozigot poate fi genotipul grupei sanguine :", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. A (II) ", + "2. AB (IV) ", + "3. B (III) ", + "4. O (I) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Se transmite dominant caracterul fenotipic :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. ureche cu lob liber ", + "2. cap rotund ", + "3. prognatism ", + "4. nas lat " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune \u00een condi\u021bii de laborator se poate realiza utiliz\u00e2nd :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. solu\u021bia de colchicin\u0103 ", + "2. elemente genetice mobile ", + "3. solu\u021bia de Lindan ", + "4. tratamentul cu agen\u021bi alchilan\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii :", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. stocheaz\u0103 enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare ", + "2. con\u021bin enzime digestive inactive \u00ee n mediul alcalin ", + "3. sunt mai pu\u021bin numero\u0219i \u00een celulele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", + "4. distrug fragmente deteriorate de celule " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Glicogenul este substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 la:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. animale ", + "2. ciuperci ", + "3. bacterii ", + "4. plante " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic este:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. implicat \u00een reglarea nivelului de calciu \u00een citoplasma celulei musculare ", + "2. un sistem membranar tridimensional de tuburi \u0219i cisterne ", + "3. mai bine dezvoltat \u00een celule cu activitate metabolic\u0103 intens\u0103 ", + "4. o re\u021bea de canalicule \u00eentre membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i plasmalem\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt macromolecule:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. ADN -ul, hemoglobina, amido nul ", + "2. ARN -ul, glicerolul , cheratina ", + "3. enzimele, celuloza, imunoglobuline ", + "4. glucoza , aminoacizii , nucleotidele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Traverseaz\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 prin difuziune:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. CO 2 ", + "2. Apa ", + "3. O2 ", + "4. ARNr " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii la procariote \u0219i eucariote:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi dintr -o molecul \u0103 circular\u0103 de ADN ", + "2. con\u021bin proteine histonice ", + "3. sunt forma\u021bi din fibre de cromatin\u0103 ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 genomul celular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Flagelii eucariotelor :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. sunt componente permanente cu rol \u00een mi\u0219care ", + "2. prezint\u0103 un corpuscul bazal cu structur\u0103 de centriol ", + "3. con\u021bin \u00een partea mobil\u0103 1+9 perechi de mic rotubuli ", + "4. au aceea\u0219i structur\u0103 ca ai procariote lor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Amitoza:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. are trei perioada G 1, S, G 2 ", + "2. se poate desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een celule maligne ", + "3. este o diviziune cariokinetic\u0103 simpl\u0103 ", + "4. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin absen\u021ba fusului de diviziune " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Deficien\u021be enzimatice caracterizeaz\u0103 ur m\u0103toarele boli:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. galactozemia ", + "2. diabetul zaharat ", + "3. maladia Tay -Sachs ", + "4. fenilcetonuria " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Linkage -ul presupune:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. transmiterea \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buit\u0103 a genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "2. segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de gene ", + "3. existen\u021ba mai multor loci genici \u00eentr -un cromoz om ", + "4. schimbul reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii omologi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Citosolul:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 curen\u021bi citoplasmatici la procariote ", + "2. este partea nestructurat\u0103 a citoplasmei ", + "3. con\u021bine un citoschelet de natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ", + "4. poate trece din starea de sol \u00een starea de gel " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Vacuolele :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", + "2. se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 \u00een cursul plasmolizei ", + "3. au rol \u00een procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei la plante ", + "4. pot con\u021bine pigmen\u021bi asimilatori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt substan\u021be cu structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. chitina \u0219i acizii gra\u0219i ", + "B. celuloza \u0219i amidonul ", + "C. glicogenul \u0219i trigliceridele ", + "D. mureina \u0219i chitina " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fibra de cromatin\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. este lax\u0103 \u00een heterocromatin\u0103 ", + "B. la procariote, con\u021bine proteine bazice ", + "C. se condenseaz\u0103 la maxim \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", + "D. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din unit\u0103\u021bi numite nucleotide " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La masculii de Drosophila melanogaster :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. autozomii din perechea II sunt cei mai mici ", + "B. cromozomii politeni se g\u0103sesc \u00een glandele intestinale ", + "C. un cromozom din perechea I are form\u0103 de bastona\u0219 ", + "D. heterozomii formeaz\u0103 o pereche de cromozomi omologi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La \u00eencruci\u0219are a hibrizilor, \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de perechi heterozigote de factori ereditari, se ob\u021bine:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Aegilops speltoides \u2013 raport de segregare genotipic\u0103 de 9:3:3:1 ", + "B. Antirrhinum - raport de segregare genotipic\u0103 \u0219i fenotipic\u0103 de 3:1 ", + "C. Pisum sativum - raport de segrega re genotipic\u0103 de 9: 3:3:1 ", + "D. Mirabilis jalapa - raport de segregare fenotipic\u0103 \u0219i genotipic\u0103 1:2:1 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele transmembranare:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. sunt implicate \u00een transportul activ al ionilor ", + "B. au o parte hidrofil\u0103 localizat\u0103 \u00een bistratul lipidic ", + "C. formeaz\u0103 un bistrat semipermeabil ", + "D. asigur\u0103 difuzia gazelor respiratorii prin membran\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Exist\u0103 mai mult de dou\u0103 gene alele pentru locii caracterelor:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. forma capului \u0219i culoarea ochilor ", + "B. talia \u0219i prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", + "C. culoarea ochilor \u0219i grupa de s\u00e2nge ", + "D. forma capului \u0219i grupa de s\u00e2 nge " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La celulele procariote:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. glicocalixul este o component\u0103 a capsulei polizaharidice ", + "B. flagelul este alc\u0103tuit din microtubuli ", + "C. nucleolul este format dintr -o singur\u0103 molecul\u0103 de ADN ", + "D. peretele celular con\u021bine murein\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. include trei grupe cu cromozomi acrocentrici ", + "B. are cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi \u00een grupele D \u0219i B ", + "C. cuprinde \u00een cadrul grupei C perechile de cromozomi 6 -12 ", + "D. a fost stabilit \u00een 1965, prin bandare cromozomial\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Se manifest\u0103 de regul\u0103 la v\u00e2rste \u00eenaintate:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. cretinismul s poradic cu gu\u0219\u0103 ", + "B. sindromul \u201ecri du chat\u201d ", + "C. sindromul Edwards ", + "D. boala Huntington " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mitocondrii se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. lipsesc din citoplasma hematiilor ", + "B. con\u021bin o fibr\u0103 de heterocromatin\u0103 ", + "C. sunt sediul respira\u021biei anaerobe ", + "D. au o membran\u0103 extern\u0103 energizant\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sele cta\u021bi afirma\u021bia FALS\u0102:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. lizozomii sunt implica\u021bi \u00een procesele de autofagie \u0219i heterofagie. ", + "B. cromoplastele sunt abundente \u00een pericarpul fructelor de tomate. ", + "C. leucoplastele din tuberculul de cartof pot fi colorate cu solu\u021bia de KI+I 2 ", + "D. corpusculul bazal \u0219i axonema flagelului prezint\u0103 2 fibrile centrale. " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Celula care intr\u0103 \u00een etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103, spre deosebire de cea care intr\u0103 \u00een etapa ecva\u021bional\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine cromozomi bicromatidici ", + "B. a parcurs un proces de recombinare ", + "C. d\u0103 na\u0219tere la celule fiice haploide ", + "D. are un num\u0103r dublu de cromatide " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Plantele de maz\u0103re:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 cloroplaste cu rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor anorganice ", + "B. produc game\u021bi homozigo\u021bi, puri din punct de vedere genetic ", + "C. con\u021bin vacuole m\u0103rginite de o membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", + "D. produc polen \u00een urma meiozei care are loc \u00een floare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Spre deosebire de glucide, proteinele:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranelor celulare ", + "B. con\u021bin atomi de carbon \u0219i hidrogen ", + "C. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca enzime \u00een reac\u021biile biochimice ", + "D. sunt componente ale acizilor nucleici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Are \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 azot:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. celuloza ", + "B. acidul gras ", + "C. amidonul ", + "D. nucleotida " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "ATP-ul:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een condi\u021bii de anaerobioz\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bine \u00een alc\u0103tuirea moleculei sale un glucid simplu ", + "C. se produce \u00een stroma cloroplastului la \u00eentuneric ", + "D. este un acid nucleic cu trei radicali fosfat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici \u0219i recombina\u021bi se pot observa \u00een:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. profaza II ", + "B. anafaza II ", + "C. telofaza II ", + "D. interfaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele de tip 2n afectate de aneuploidie pot avea:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. mai multe genomuri dob\u00e2ndite prin hibridare ", + "B. varia\u021bii ale cantit\u0103\u021bii de materi al genetic nuclear ", + "C. o cantitate de ADN identic\u0103 cu a unei celule diploide ", + "D. mai multe garnituri cromozomiale complete " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la crossing -over sunt adev\u0103rate, cu EXCEP\u021aIA:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een cazul organismelor homozigote, are efecte fenotipice majore ", + "B. se realizeaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 pierdere de informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ", + "C. presupune un schimb reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii omologi ", + "D. poate avea loc \u0219i \u00een timpul diviziunii mitotice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la caracteristicile structurale ale cromonematei:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine proteine acide numite histone ", + "B. se coloreaz\u0103 intens cu colchicin\u0103 ", + "C. este o component\u0103 a citoplasmei ", + "D. are un aspect fibrilar, la microscop " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "ARN -m:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. are o structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103, alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din ribonucleotide ", + "B. migreaz\u0103 din nucleu \u00een citoplasm\u0103, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor ", + "C. con\u021bine dou\u0103 tipuri de baze azotate pirimidinice comune cu ADN -ul ", + "D. este sintetizat \u00een nucleu, prin replicare semiconservativ\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular primar la plante:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. poate con\u021bine suberin\u0103 \u0219i lignin\u0103 ", + "B. este str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ", + "C. are o stru ctur\u0103 groas\u0103 \u015fi rigid\u0103 ", + "D. este impermeabil pentru ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Formarea pseudopodelor:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. necesit\u0103 participarea citoscheletului ", + "B. implic\u0103 mai multe proteine -c\u0103r\u0103u\u015f ", + "C. conduce la un proces de permea\u0163ie ", + "D. are loc la procariote \u015fi eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. determin\u0103 diferen\u0163ele dintre cat\u00e2r \u015fi bardou ", + "B. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een fibrele musculare striate ", + "C. au o membran\u0103 extern\u0103 cu rol \u00een sinteza ATP ", + "D. con\u0163in ribozomi identici cu cei din citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Chinetocorul (cinetocorul):", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. une\u015fte bra\u0163ele unui cromozom monocromatidic ", + "B. mijloce\u015fte separarea c romatidelor surori \u00een meioza I ", + "C. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 la filamentele nepolare ale fusului de diviziune ", + "D. are rol \u00een condensarea \u015fi individualizarea cromozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Meiocitele:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 din meioza II ", + "B. sunt celule haploide ", + "C. au un num\u0103r par de cromozomi ", + "D. rezult\u0103 din meioza I " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen placa ecuatorial\u0103 din metafaza I a unei celule cu 2n= 16 exist\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. 4 tetrade cromatidice ", + "B. 16 perechi de cromatide surori ", + "C. 8 cromozomi bicromatidici ", + "D. un num\u0103r dublu de cromatide fa\u0163\u0103 de G2 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Locii genici din heterozomii de la D. melanogaster :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. \u00ee\u015fi modific\u0103 d imensiunea prin substitu\u0163ia nucleotidelor ", + "B. particip\u0103 la crossing -over la ambele sexe ", + "C. \u00ee\u015fi schimb\u0103 ordinea \u00een urma crossing -over -ului ", + "D. se transmit \u00een bloc \u00een timpul mitozei, la mascul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Din punct de vedere genetic, Triticum aestivum :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. este un autopoliploid natural ", + "B. are o meioz\u0103 dereglat\u0103 ", + "C. este un poliploid diploidizat ", + "D. \u00eensumeaz\u0103 patru genomuri distincte " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Femeile afectate de sindromul Down:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. nu pot avea copii cu num\u0103r normal de cromozomi ", + "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een cariotip o trisomie \u00een grupa G ", + "C. pot fi depistate prin testul cr omatinei sexuale ", + "D. prezint\u0103 abera\u0163ii structurale \u00een perechea 21 de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul plastidial:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. este substratul chimic al eredit\u0103\u021bii matrocline ", + "2. poate suferi muta\u021bii care au efect letal ", + "3. este loca lizat \u00een strom\u0103, ca \u0219i plastoribozomii ", + "4. con\u021bine baze pirimidinice, de exemplu uracil " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Triticum aestivum ( 2n=6x=42) \u2013 alopoliploid natural ", + "2. Aegilops speltoides ( 2n=2x=16) \u2013 amfiploid steril ", + "3. Triticale ( 2n=8x=56) \u2013 amfiploid artificial ", + "4. Secale cereale ( 2n=4x=28) \u2013 autopoliploid natural " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt organite celulare specifice:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. centrozomii din celulele de Allium cepa ", + "2. miofilamentele din structura neurofibrilelor 5 ", + " 3. corpusculii Nissl din nucleul celulelor nervoase ", + "4. cloroplastele din celulele mu\u0219chilor de p\u0103m\u00e2nt " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la hemoglobine este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. au fost identificate peste 300 de hemoglobine anormale ", + "2. con\u021bin globuline -proteice \u0219i componente neproteice - hem ", + "3. HbS este \u00een procent de 40% la persoanele heterozigote ", + "4. valina din cate na beta este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu acidul glutamic, \u00een cazul HbS " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici pentru Drosophila melanogaster:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. fenomenul de supradominan\u021b\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba culorii corpului ", + "2. culoarea normal\u0103 a ochilor, ro\u015fu corai \u015fi cea a corpului, gri ", + "3. peste 500 de mutante, pentru \u00eensu\u0219irile fiziologice ", + "4. mutanta eyeless are doar \u0219apte cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Afecteaz\u0103 metabolismul:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. lipidic - guta ", + "2. glucidic - fenilcetonuria ", + "3. bazelor azotate - scorbutul ", + "4. mineral \u2013 hemocromatoza " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Triticum aestivum :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. poate avea gene de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la rugin\u0103, transferate de la Aegilops umbellulata ", + "2. a provenit prin hibridarea spontan\u0103 a trei specii de graminee cu n=14 ", + "3. este un amfiploid natural, originar din \u021binuturile de la sud de Mun\u021bii Caucaz ", + "4. poate fi supus mutagenilor a lchilan\u021bi de tipul acidului nitros, dietilsulfatului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii celulelor rezultate din meioza II, spre deosebire de cei ai meiocitelor aflate la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul interfazei:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin regiuni dense de eucromatin\u0103 ", + "2. sunt monocromatidici ", + "3. con\u021bin o cantitate dubl\u0103 de AD N ", + "4. au noi combina\u021bii de gene " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021ba fundamental\u0103 a mitocondriilor \u0219i cloroplastelor, con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. sinteza proteinelor ", + "2. procesul de detoxifiere a celulei ", + "3. replicarea materialului genetic ", + "4. desf\u0103\u0219urarea ciclului Calvin " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Statmochineza:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. are loc sub ac\u021biunea Lindanului ", + "2. permite vizualizarea cromozomilor interfazici ", + "3. se realizeaz\u0103 cu solu\u021bie de colchicin\u0103 ", + "4. permite clivarea centromerilor, \u00een profaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Tetradele cromatidice:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada G2 a interfazei ", + "2. con\u021bin patru cromatide identice genetic ", + "3. se formeaz\u0103 prin replicarea succesiv\u0103 a cromatidelor ", + "4. sunt caracteristice etapei reduc\u021bionale a meiozei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Duchenne se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu albinismul prin:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. tipul de cromozom implicat ", + " 2. nu modific\u0103 cariotipul ", + "3. afectarea unui singur sex ", + "4. implic\u0103 o muta\u021bie recesiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Feoplastele con\u021bin:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. clorofila a \u0219i c ", + "2. ficobiline ", + "3. xantofile ", + "4. clorofila a \u0219i d " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Rasa de g\u0103ini de Andaluzia are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. femele ZW ", + "2. masculi homogametici ", + "3. penaj albastru ", + "4. masculi X0 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la metodele moderne de studiu al eredit\u0103\u021bii umane:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. prin studiul gemenilor monozigo\u021bi s -a determinat caracterul ereditar al tuberculozei. ", + "2. tehnicile de bandare pot identifica modific\u0103ri structurale ale cromozomilor. ", + "3. frecven\u021ba genelor se studiaz\u0103 prin heterocro matinizarea cromozomului X. ", + "4. studiul lichidului amniotic permite diagnoza prenatal\u0103 a unor muta\u021bii. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen membran\u0103 exist\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri func\u021bionale de proteine:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 pentru difuzia facilitat\u0103 ", + "2. enzime, care transmit informa\u021bii spre exteriorul ce lulei ", + "3. receptori, ca loc de recunoa\u0219tere pentru hormoni ", + "4. colesterol, care mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 fluiditatea membranei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hematiile introduse \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. absorb apa activ ", + "2. pierd ap\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 ", + "3. \u00ee\u0219i m\u0103resc vacuolele ", + "4. sufer\u0103 ruperea membranei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Prin testul cromatinei sexuale se poate depista:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. aneuploidia heterozomilor ", + "2. sindromul Turner ", + "3. sindromul Klinefelter ", + "4. sindromul Patau " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "O celul\u0103 cu 2n=56 de cromozomi con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. 28 de bivalen\u021bi \u00een metafaza I ", + "2. 112 cromatide \u00een anafaza mitozei ", + "3. 112 cromatide \u00een G2 ", + "4. 56 de centromeri \u00een profaza I " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Linkage -ul:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. are loc \u00een mitoz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een meioz\u0103 ", + "2. produce cromozomi recombina\u021bi ", + "3. implic\u0103 genele din acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "4. este surs\u0103 de variabilitate genetic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Traverseaz\u0103 membrana plasmatic\u0103 prin difuzie simpl\u0103:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. glucoza, c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 un gradien t de concentra\u0163ie ", + " 2. apa, \u00een sensul gradientului osmotic ", + "3. aminoacizii, folosind proteine -c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 ", + "4. O2 \u015fi CO 2, prin bistratul fosfolipidic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen categoria maladiilor a c\u0103ror manifestare este determinat\u0103 de condi\u0163ii specifice de mediu intr\u0103:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. schizofrenia ", + "2. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u015f\u0103 ", + "3. depresia maniacal\u0103 ", + "4. distrofia muscular\u0103 Duchenne " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centre genele implicate \u00een determinismul grupelor sanguine exist\u0103 rela\u021bii de:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. alelie ", + "2. dominan\u0163\u0103 - recesivitate ", + "3. codominan\u0163\u0103 ", + "4. dominan\u021b\u0103 incomplet\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul celulelor animale:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. are dimensiuni mai mici dec\u00e2t nucleul celulelor fungilor ", + "2. apare mai refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul, la microscopul optic ", + "3. este sediul proceselor de replicare \u015fi traducere a informa\u0163iei genetice ", + "4. con\u0163ine gene care se transmit mendelian de la o genera\u0163ie la alta " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. sunt forma\u0163i din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u0163i egale ", + "2. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea corpusculilor Nissl ", + "3. sunt cupla\u0163i cu ADNm form\u00e2nd polizomi ", + "4. se g\u0103sesc ata\u015fa\u0163i pe cisterne puternic aplatizate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Pe parcursul ciclului celular mitotic, cromozomul:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. are un singur centromer, \u00een toate fazele ", + "2. prezint\u0103 4 bra\u0163e identice, \u00een perioada G2 - Metafaz\u0103 ", + "3. prezint\u0103 kinetocorul \u00een regiunea centromerului ", + "4. are dou\u0103 cromatide, \u00een perioada G1 - Profaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Centrul celular:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. exist\u0103 la unele alge \u015fi la unele ciuperci inferioare ", + "2. este localizat l\u00e2ng\u0103 membrana intern\u0103 a nucleului ", + "3. are rol \u00een biogeneza microtubulilor ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul profazei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmalema celulelor procariote:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. permite membranei s\u0103 sufere deform\u0103ri ample ", + "2. include proteine integrate \u0219i periferice ", + "3. este \u00een contact cu o capsul\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 ", + "4. \u00eempiedic\u0103 difuzia liber\u0103 a ionilor prin bistratul lipidic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La fluturele de m\u0103tase ( Bombix mori ) \u015fi la molie:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. num\u0103rul de cromozomi este acela\u015fi la ambele sexe ", + "2. femelele sunt hemizigote pentru anumite gene ", + "3. exist\u0103 un determinism al sexului de t ip genic ", + "4. se asigur\u0103 un sex -ratio de 1: 1 \u00een popula\u0163ie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Variegarea frunzelor la Mirabilis jalapa se datoreaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. plasmagenelor din spermatie ", + " 2. proplastidelor oosferei ", + "3. dominan\u0163ei incomplete ", + "4. eredit\u0103\u0163ii matrocline " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Centriolii ,la fel ca \u0219i nucleolii:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sunt eviden\u021bi , microscopic, \u00een toate etapele ciclului celular ", + "B. au un con\u021binut ridicat de acizi nucleici (ADN \u0219i ARN) ", + "C. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een toate celulele animale care se divid ", + "D. controleaz\u0103 diferite faze ale diviziunii celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Difuzia apei prin membrana celular\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. este facilitat \u0103 de sc\u0103derea temperaturii mediului ", + "B. depinde d e energia cinetic\u0103 a macromoleculelor ", + "C. se poate realiza doar la nivelul celul ei animale ", + "D. determin\u0103 procesul de osmoz\u0103 la nivel celular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile, la fel ca \u0219i cloroplastele :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. au un aparat genetic de tip eucariot ", + "B. se formeaz\u0103 \u201dde novo\u201d \u00een fiecare celul\u0103, ", + "C. se multiplic\u0103 \u0219i se perpetueaz\u0103 prin diviziune ", + "D. prezint\u0103 ADN cu regiuni heterocromatinizate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Neurofibrilele:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. sunt consolidate de citoscheletul celulei nervoase ", + "B. au rol de sus\u021binere \u0219i de a facilita conducereaimpulsului nervos ", + "C. sunt mase compacte de proteine care se color eaz\u0103 cu coloran\u021bii bazici ", + "D. sunt formate din miofilamente dispuse \u00een aranjamente hexagonale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Androsterilitatea la plante :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este utilizat\u0103 pe ntru facilitarea pro cesului de autop olenizare ", + "B. face parte dintre afec\u021biunile ereditare transmise pe cale patern\u0103 ", + "C. este determinat\u0103 de interac\u021biunea dintre ADN nucl ear \u0219i extranuclear ", + "D. determin\u0103, formarea de indivizi homozigo\u021bi la care apareheterozisul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Componente neprotoplasmatice sunt :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. ribozomii \u0219i peretele celular primar ", + "B. vacuomul \u0219i incluziunile ergastice ", + "C. flagelii \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic ", + "D. peretele celular secundar \u0219i dictiozomii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici recombina\u021bi pot fi identifica\u0163i la:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eenceputul profazei ", + "B. sf\u00e2r\u015fitul telofazei II ", + "C. sf\u00e2r\u015fitul meiozei ", + "D. \u00eenceputul meiozei II " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Flagelii la eucari ote:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bin proteine contractile: actina \u0219i miozina ", + "B. se ancoreaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 printr -un centrozom ", + "C. au \u00een structura lor 10 perechi de microtubuli ", + "D. apar doar la celulele reproduc\u0103toare asexuate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Solu\u0163ia hipotonic\u0103 extracelular\u0103 din jurul unei celule animale:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. poate determina fenomenul de citoliz\u0103 ", + "B. scade intensitatea procesului de osmoz\u0103 ", + "C. induce sc\u0103derea turgescen\u0163ei celulare ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 difuzia activ\u0103 a apei spre celul\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La masculii musculi\u0163ei de o\u0163et cromozomul Y face parte din perechea de cromozomi cu num\u0103rul:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. I ", + "B. II ", + "C. III ", + "D. IV " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Fitosterolii :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. apar\u021bin grupului de glucide ", + "B. sunt gr\u0103sim i de rezerv\u0103 ", + "C. precipit\u0103 sub form\u0103 de cristale ", + "D. acoper\u0103 suprafa\u021ba frunzelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prin condensarea a doar dou\u0103 monoz aharide se poate forma:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. fructoza ", + "B. galactoza ", + "C. zaharoza ", + "D. celuloza " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Reducer ea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een timpul meiozei se datoreaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. replica\u021biei ADN -ului dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", + "B. recombin\u0103rii genetice intercromozomiale ", + "C. faptului c\u0103 nu are loc clivarea centromerului ", + "D. evenimentelor diviziunii din meioza II " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 un sistem de vezicule turtite numite tonoplast ", + "B. con\u0163in \u00een strom\u0103 enzime, ADN, ARN, ribozomi, ioni ", + "C. prezint\u0103 pe membrana extern\u0103 pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi ", + "D. convertesc adenozintrifosfatul \u00een energie luminoas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Celula muscular\u0103 striat\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine miofilamente de miozin\u0103 \u00een discurile clare ", + "B. dup\u0103 interfaz\u0103 intr\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 de odihn\u0103 scurt\u0103 -G0 ", + "C. poate avea unul dintre heterozomi inclus \u00een grupa G ", + "D. se poate scurta determin\u00e2nd apoi scurtarea miofibrilelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Termenul de factor eredi tar a fost \u00eenlocuit cu termenul de gen\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Sutton \u0219i Boveri ", + "B. Thomas Hunt Morgan ", + "C. Theodor Schwann ", + "D. Johannsen " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Epicantusul este caracteristic sindromului :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Patau ", + "B. Klinefelter ", + "C. Down ", + "D. Turner " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Absen\u021ba enzimei tirozinaza determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. insuficient\u0103 producere de galactoz\u0103 ", + "B. blocarea form\u0103rii melaninei ", + "C. transformarea tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 3 ", + "D. formarea tirozinei din fenilalanin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmalema este:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. implicat\u0103 \u00een respira\u021bie la procariote ", + "B. acoperit\u0103 de un perete rigid la hematii ", + "C. permeabil\u0103 pentru moleculele hidrofile ", + "D. alc\u0103tuit\u0103 dintr -un matrix membranar proteic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cenlocuirea unui segment cromozomal este :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. dele\u021bie ", + "B. transloca\u021bie ", + "C. adi\u021bie ", + "D. duplica\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Agen\u021biialkilan\u021bi , ca factorimuta geni, determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. blocareasintezei bazelorazotatepurinice \u0219ipirimidinice ", + "B. interac\u021biunea cu antibioticele a enzimelor implicate \u00eentranscrip\u021bie ", + "C. blocareadiviziuniiprin inhib areaactivit\u0103\u021bii fusul ui de diviziune ", + "D. \u00eenlocuirea grup\u0103 rii amino din bazeleazotate pirimidinice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Edwards estetrisomia:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. 18 ", + "B. 13 ", + "C. 21 ", + "D. 15 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hemi zigo\u021bia se manifest\u0103\u00een :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. albinism la b\u0103rbat ", + "B. daltonism la femei ", + "C. hemofilie la b\u0103rbat ", + "D. hemocromatoz\u0103 la femei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Dictiozomii:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. formeaz\u0103 condriomul celular \u00een totalitatea lor ", + "B. prezint\u0103 criste membranare, lamelare sau globulare ", + "C. sunt vezicule aplatizate ce pot produce enzime digestive ", + "D. se g\u0103sesc \u00een toate celulele procariote \u0219i eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. are dou\u0103 bra\u021be unite prin centriol ", + "B. este usor de eviden\u021biat \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", + "C. este bicromatidic \u00een perioada G 1 ", + "D. are cromatide surori diferite genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Bolile X -linkate:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. se exprim\u0103 la femei doar \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 ", + "B. afecteaz\u0103 metabolismul bazelor azotate ", + "C. se exprim\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u021bi doar \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", + "D. se manifest\u0103 \u00een mod inegal la cele dou\u0103 sexe " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cel care a privit pentru prima dat\u0103 la microscop o sec\u021biune prin scoar\u021ba stejaru lui de plut\u0103 a fost:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Robert Brown ", + "B. Theodor Schwann ", + "C. Robert Hooke ", + "D. George Palade " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 ereditar\u0103 transmis \u0103 dominant este :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. forma alungit\u0103 a capului ", + "B. prezen\u021ba strung\u0103re\u021bei ", + "C. forma \u00eengust\u0103 a nasului ", + "D. ata\u0219area lobului urechii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pinozomii sunt:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. grup\u0103ri ordonate de ribozomi ", + "B. structuri ribonucleoproteice ", + "C. activi \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", + "D. vezicule care \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 solu\u021bii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi o rganite le despre care se poate spune c\u0103 sunt alc\u0103tuite din vezicule :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. dictiozomii ", + "2. vacuolele ", + "3. lizozomii ", + "4. RE granular " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Dictiozomii la animale:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. asigur\u0103 sortarea \u0219i translocarea unor substan\u021be ", + "2. sunt specializa\u021bi \u00een secre\u021bia unor mucilagii ", + "3. au rol \u00een prelucrare a proteinelor \u0219i lipidelor ", + "4. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een biogeneza peretelui celular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Oxibiontele sunt organisme care:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. au disp\u0103 rut din cauza atmosferei bogate \u00een oxigen ", + "2. au nevoie de oxigen atmosferic pentru a respira ", + "3. produc o cantitate mare d e oxigen prin respira\u021bie ", + "4. pot con\u021bin enumeroase mitocondrii \u00een celulele lor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. au membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", + "2. sunt organite complexe ", + "3. con\u021bin molecule de ADN \u0219i ARN ", + "4. prezint\u0103 membrane tilacoidale energizante " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Citoscheletul:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. este alc\u0103tuit din proteine fibrilare ", + "2. asigur\u0103 arhitectura celulei procariote ", + "3. particip\u0103 la realizarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor celulei ", + "4. rezult\u0103 prin plierea membranei celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. este mai frecvent \u00eentre gene situate \u00een loci afla\u021bi la distan\u021b\u0103 mai mare ", + "2. determi n\u0103 producerea unor tipuri noi d egame\u021bi la eucariote ", + "3. are loc \u00een meioza I dar poate avea loc \u0219i \u00een diviziunea mitotic\u0103 ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 transfer egal de gene \u00eentre cromozomii neomologi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Microtubuli con\u021bin:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. centrozomii bacteriilor ", + "2. centriolii hepatoci telor ", + "3. flagelii procariotelor ", + "4. cilii e ucariotelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Gutaperca:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. este un tip de incluziune ergastic\u0103 ", + "2. face parte dintre produ\u0219ii metabolici celulari ", + "3. este o substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 precum cauciucul ", + "4. face parte din categoria substan\u021belor anorganice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen heterozomii unui b \u0103rbat cu compleme nt cromozomial normal exist\u0103:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. doi loci pentru alelele hemofiliei ", + "2. gene cu importan\u021b\u0103 vital\u0103 pentru om ", + "3. un locus pentru gena anemiei falciforme ", + "4. gene cu rol \u00een determinarea distribu\u021biei perilor pe falange " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prin metoda studiului gemenilor monozigo\u021bi:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. se poate determina car acterul ereditar al debilit\u0103\u021bii mintale ", + "2. se stabile\u0219te efectul consangviniz\u0103rii pentru homozigotarea genelor ", + "3. se poate determina caracterul neereditar al tuberculozei ", + "4. se analizeaz\u0103 ascenden\u021ba de -a lungul mai multor genera\u021bii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La finalul proceselor telofazice au loc :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. plasmodiereza ", + "2. diviziunea citoplasmei ", + "3. citochineza ", + "4. dublarea volumului celular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cromoplastele contribuie l a:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. polenizarea florilor ", + "2. diseminarea fructelor ", + "3. r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea semin\u021belor ", + "4. depozitarea substan\u021belor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular primar este :", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. sub\u021bire \u0219i str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ", + "2. mai rigid dec\u00e2t cel secundar ", + "3. elastic \u0219i cu pori numi\u021bi punctua\u021biuni ", + "4. mai compact dec\u00e2t cel secundar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Fagocitoza are loc la :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. protozoare ", + "2. mixomicete ", + "3. leucocite ", + "4. macrofage " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen faza S se sintetizeaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. acid dezohiribonucleic ", + "2. tubulinele fusului de diviziune ", + "3. proteine histonice ", + "4. acid adenozintrifosforic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Tipul Abra xas de determinism cromozomal al sexelor:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. presupune diferen\u021be morfologice \u00eentre cromozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe ", + "2. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin sex ul femel het erogametic ", + "3. se manifest\u0103 la nevertebrate , amfibieni, reptile \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri ", + "4. presupune diferen\u021be numerice \u00eentre cromozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Poliploizii au:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. un num\u0103r multiplicat de cromozomi ", + "2. nuclei, celule \u0219i organe mai mari ", + "3. rezisten\u021b\u0103 mai mare la \u0219ocuri termice sau la salinitatea mediului ", + "4. sintez\u0103 sporit\u0103 de substan\u021be datorit\u0103 num\u0103rului cres cut de gene din acela\u0219i exemplar " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mutantele petite ale coloniilor de drojdie de bere:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. au defici en\u021be respiratorii ", + "2. sintetizeaz\u0103 particule kappa ", + "3. sunt lipsite de o serie de enzime mitocondriale ", + "4. apar din cauza unor muta\u021bii \u00een genele nucleare ale celulelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Linkage -ul :", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii se respect\u0103 pentru transmiterea genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i ", + "2. se poate eviden\u021bia pentru genele care sunt plasate linear \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "3. este o tez\u0103 a t eoriei cromozomale a eredit\u0103\u021bii care se refer\u0103 la schimbul reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii pereche ", + "4. demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii cel ulare cromozomii se comport\u0103 ca structuri unitare \u0219i stabile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u0218oarecii g\u0103lbui sunt \u00eento tdeauna heterozigo\u021bi din cauza :", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. caracterului letal al genelor dominante pentru culoare ", + "2. mortalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219oarecilor homozigo\u021bi cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 nen\u0103scu\u021bi ", + "3. unui tip special de interac\u021biune \u00eentre alelele pentru culoarea bl\u0103nii ", + "4. homozigot\u0103rii genelor recesive pentru culoare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Glicoliza anaerob\u0103 este un proces:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. enzimatic ", + "2. respirator ", + "3. de descompunere ", + "4. mitocondrial " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile la fel ca \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. au rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor organice ", + "2. pot fi considerate endosimbion\u021bi celulari ", + "3. intervin \u00een procesele metabolice celulare ", + "4. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een ovulele mamfierelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul este:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. monocatenar circular la procariote ", + "2. bicatenar circular \u00een cloroplaste ", + "3. bicatenar lini ar \u00een mitocondrii ", + "4. bicatenar \u00een celulele eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hialoplasma celulei eucariote:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. din punct de vedere chimic este un sistem coloidal ", + "2. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel \u00een semin\u021bele negerminate ", + "3. la nivelul e i se descompun aerob substan\u021be organice ", + "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol \u00een celulele cu metabolism intens " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen albinism lipsesc pigmen\u021bii melanici din:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. piele ", + "2. iris ", + "3. p\u0103r ", + "4. din\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Maladii monogenice dominante sunt:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. fenilcetonuria ", + "2. hemeralopia ", + "3. distrofia muscular\u0103 ", + "4. brahidactilia " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. game\u021bilor diploizi ", + "2. indivizilor aneuploizi ", + "3. indivizilor poliploizi ", + "4. game\u021bilor haploizi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "In sindromul \u201d cri du chat \u201d indivizii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. microcefalie ", + "2. retard mintal sever ", + "3. malforma\u021bii ale laringelui ", + "4. \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een cre\u0219tere " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prin clivare se divid:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. toate drojdiile ", + "2. unele celule eucariote ", + "3. toate bacteriile ", + "4. unele alge verzi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ereditatea \u0219i variabilitatea:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00eensu\u0219iri fundamentale ale lumii vii ", + "2. se manifest\u0103 \u00een procesul reproducerii organismelor ", + "3. sunt studiate de c\u0103tre disciplina numit\u0103 genetic\u0103 ", + "4. asigur\u0103 transmiterea caracterelor cu mare fidelitate " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cromoplastele:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sunt organite celulare specifice tuturor celulel or ", + "B. convertesc energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie luminoas\u0103 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 tilacoide acoperite cu pigmen\u021bi clorofi lieni ", + "D. con\u021bin pigmen\u021bi galbeni, ro\u0219ii \u0219i portocalii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Centrozomul:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. este format din nou\u0103 grupuri de c\u00e2te trei tubuli ne ", + "B. contribuie la translocarea cromozomilor prin fib rele sale polare ", + "C. este un organit specific tuturor celulelor anima le care se divid ", + "D. sufer\u0103 remanieri majore \u0219i se autoreplic\u0103 \u00een cit okinez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "ADN-ul mitocondrial:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 regiuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 ", + "B. replica\u021bia lui este dependent\u0103 de ADNcp ", + "C. este responsabil de sinteza moleculelor de ATP ", + "D. contracareaz\u0103 bine efectele factorilor de mediu " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Conform legilor mendeliene:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. perechile de factori ereditari segreg\u0103 dependent unele de altele ", + "B. factorii ereditari mendelieni (genele) se afl\u0103 \u00ee n cromozomi ", + "C. toate caracterele se transmit prin intermediul f actorilor ereditari ", + "D. un caracter este datorat interac\u021biunilor dintre genele alele \u0219i nealele " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolii:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. au un con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de acizi nucleici (ADN \u0219i ARN) ", + "B. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele eucariote \u015fi procariot e ", + "C. realizeaz\u0103 biogeneza ribozomilor \u00een timpul inter fazei ", + "D. sunt eviden\u021bi de-a lungul perioadei diviziunii c elulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. consolideaz\u0103 re\u021beaua de fibre care formeaz\u0103 cito scheletul ", + "B. regleaz\u0103 nivelul ionilor de calciu \u00een celula mus cular\u0103 ", + "C. particip\u0103 la sinteza enzimelor derivate din ster oizi ", + "D. este mai dezvoltat \u00een celulele cu metabolism mai pu\u0163in intens " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Factorii implica\u021bi \u00een ini\u021bierea, alungirea \u0219i \u00een cheierea catenei polipeptidice sunt localiza\u021bi la nivelul:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. dictiozomilor ", + "B. ribozomilor ", + "C. nucleosomilor ", + "D. nucleolilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Difuzia la nivelul membranei celulare:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. este inhibat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea energiei cinetice a m oleculelor ", + "B. utilizeaz\u0103 energia convertit\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103turi macroe rgice ", + "C. este facilitat\u0103 de dimensiunile mici ale molecul elor ", + "D. permite transferul microorganismelor \u0219i a altor particule " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Glicocalixul este :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. capsula celulei eucariote ", + "B. format din proteine \u015fi fosfolipide ", + "C. mucusul din capsula celular\u0103 ", + "D. situat la periferia unor celule procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii Nissl:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. se coloreaz\u0103 cu coloran\u0163i acizi ", + "B. sunt constitui\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi ", + "C. con\u021bin ADN \u0219i proteine ", + "D. au func\u021bii metabolice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Citoliza poate s\u0103 fie o consecin\u021b\u0103 a:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. turgescen\u021bei ", + "B. exocitozei ", + "C. osmozei ", + "D. fagocitozei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Transformarea apei \u00een peroxizi, cu efecte nociv e asupra materialului genetic este efectul:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. radia\u021biilor ultraviolete ", + "B. agen\u021bilor alkilan\u021bi ", + "C. radia\u021biilor ionizante ", + "D. colchicinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Apari\u021bia unor mutante manifestate la femelele v iermilor de m\u0103tase prin apari\u021bia pe corp a pete negre este consecin\u021ba:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. erorilor de replica\u021bie ", + "B. \u00eemperecherilor de tip TG, GT, TT ", + "C. tranzac\u021biilor de tip AT-GC ", + "D. rupturilor cromozomiale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Heterocromatina este :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. regiunea mai lax\u0103 a cromatinei ", + "B. segmentul de ADN \u00een curs de copiere ", + "C. regiunea din ADN care se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens ", + "D. zona din ADN cu instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza prot einelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Unii hormoni apar\u021bin grupului de:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. fosfolipide ", + "B. trigliceride ", + "C. steroizi ", + "D. ceruri " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Flagelii eucariotelor:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. au o structur\u0103 diferit\u0103 de a cililor ", + "B. sunt forma\u021bi din nou\u0103 grupuri de c\u00e2te dou\u0103 miofi brile ", + "C. se ancoreaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 printr-un centrozom ", + "D. prezint\u0103 blefaroplast \u015fi r\u0103d\u0103cini " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anafaza I cromozomii:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. sunt monocromatidici \u015fi recombina\u0163i ", + "B. se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de profaza I ", + "C. cliveaz\u0103 longitudinal ca \u0219i cei din anafaza II ", + "D. sunt bicromatidici \u0219i se deplaseaz\u0103 spre polii c elulei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La masculii musculi\u0163ei de o\u0163et cromozomii Y apa r\u021bin perechii de cromozomi cu num\u0103rul:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. III ", + "B. II ", + "C. I ", + "D. IV " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele procariote spre deosebire de cele euc ariote:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. pot s\u0103 con\u0163in\u0103 chitin\u0103 \u00een peretele celular ", + "B. au nucleotidul nedelimitat de o membran\u0103 ", + "C. con\u0163in organite ata\u015fate de reticulul endoplasmat ic ", + "D. au un poten\u0163ial metabolic superior " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "ADN-ul:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. se replic\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", + "B. con\u021bine citozin\u0103, uracil, guanin\u0103 \u0219i timin\u0103 ", + "C. este alc\u0103tuit din dezoxiriboz\u0103 \u015fi trei radicali fosfat ", + "D. \u00een celulele eucariote conecteaz\u0103 nucleosomii \u00eent re ei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Cianobacteriile \u015fi algele ro\u015fii au urm\u0103toarele caractere structurale comune:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. con\u0163in pigmen\u0163i proteici: ficoeritrina \u015fi ficoci anina ", + "B. realizeaz\u0103 procesul de fotosintez\u0103 ", + "C. sunt celule eucariote ", + "D. con\u0163in rodoplaste " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine murein\u0103 la fungi \u015fi bacterii ", + "B. include glicocalixul la celulele procariote ", + "C. formeaz\u0103 o lamel\u0103 mijlocie de natur\u0103 celulozic\u0103 ", + "D. este traversat de cordoane plasmatice, la plante " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Con\u0163in enzime:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. mezozomii ", + "B. cromozomii ", + "C. centrozomii ", + "D. dictiozomii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "ADN-ul mitocondrial:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. este transmis la eucariote prin intermediul plas midelor ", + "B. poate determina, prin muta\u021bii, neuropatia optic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 la om ", + "C. induce sterilizarea feminin\u0103- androsterilitatea ", + "D. altereaz\u0103 fotosinteza la colonii ale drojdiei de bere " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Edwards este:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. o maladie structural heterozomal\u0103 ", + "B. consecin\u0163a unei aneuploidii autozomale ", + "C. cea mai frecvent\u0103 trisomie la b\u0103rba\u021bi ", + "D. non-disjunc\u0163ia perechii 13 de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. con\u0163ine gene vitale \u015fi absen\u0163a ei este incompati bil\u0103 cu via\u0163a ", + "B. indic\u0103 o maladie genic\u0103 heterozomal\u0103 care afecte z\u0103 sexul masculin ", + "C. provine prin heterocromatinizarea unui cromozom X la sexul feminin ", + "D. este un mecanism de reglaj genetic al genelor de pe autozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Prognatismul este :", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. o enzimopatie autozomal\u0103 recesiv\u0103 ", + "B. determinat de o gen\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", + "C. o maladie numeric cromozomial\u0103 ", + "D. caracterizat prin \u00eengro\u015farea buzei superioare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la holoprote ine:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. fosfoproteinele sunt caracteristice plantelor ", + "B. cheratinele asigur\u0103 transparen\u021ba corpului vitros ", + "C. cromoproteinele dau culoare caracteristic\u0103 s\u00e2nge lui ", + "D. gluteinele se g\u0103sesc \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een semin\u021b ele cerealelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Specie alopoliploid\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Allium cepa ", + "B. Triticum monoccocum ", + "C. Aegilops speltoides ", + "D. Triticum aestivum " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Fenomenul de crossing-over are loc \u00eentre cromoz omii:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. interfazici ", + "B. procario\u021bi ", + "C. neomologi ", + "D. bivalen\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. sunt structuri prezente \u00een toate celulele eucari ote ", + "2. au un material genetic asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu al bacterii lor ", + "3. sunt organite cu membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 \u015fi citoplasm\u0103 ", + "4. transmit anumite caractere prin ereditate matroc lin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Boli determinate de muta\u0163ii ale unor gene de pe heterozomi sunt:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. diabetul \u015fi albinismul ", + "2. miopatia Duchenne ", + "3. anemia falciform\u0103 ", + "4. hemofilia \u015fi daltonismul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Tipul Drosophila de determinare a sexului este caracteristic :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. mamiferelor ", + "2. hameiului ", + "3. dipterelor ", + "4. reptilelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Melanina:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. protejeaz\u0103 organismele prin ecranarea razelor UV ", + "2. este un pigment care formeaz\u0103 incluziuni ergasti ce ", + "3. se depoziteaz\u0103 \u00een celule din piele, ochi etc. ", + "4. formeaz\u0103 depozite de substan\u0163e anorganice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Sindactilia este provocat\u0103 de o muta\u0163ie:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. de tip aneuploid ", + "2. genic\u0103 autozomal\u0103 ", + "3. genic\u0103 heterozomal\u0103 ", + "4. a unei gene dominante " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Legat de genomul uman normal:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomul Y con\u0163ine gene de importan\u0163\u0103 vital\u0103 ", + "2. b\u0103rba\u0163ii au doi heterozomi identici \u00een pereche ", + "3. celulele diploide au 44 perechi de autozomi \u015fi d oi heterozomi ", + "4. la femei, unul din cei doi cromozomi X este inac tivat genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Polizaharide sunt :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. glucoza \u015fi fructoza ", + "2. celuloza \u015fi chitina ", + "3. galactoza \u015fi zaharoza ", + "4. glicogenul \u015fi amidonul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Meioza spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. duce la formarea celulelor reproduc\u0103toare sexuat e la animale ", + "2. este precedat\u0103 de o perioad\u0103 a ciclului celular numit\u0103 interfaz\u0103 ", + "3. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea unor celule reproduc\u0103 toare haploide ", + "4. este caracteristic\u0103 majorit\u0103\u0163ii celulelor diploi de eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Mezozomul bacterian:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. este prezent la eucariote ", + "2. are rol \u00een procesul respirator ", + "3. provine din peretele celular ", + "4. ancoreaz\u0103 molecula de ADN " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Poliploidia:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. apare la animale din grupul pe\u015ftilor \u015fi amfibien ilor ", + "2. este foarte frecvent\u0103 la plantele din \u0163inuturile polare ", + "3. poate fi eviden\u0163iat\u0103 la specii de nevertebrate ", + "4. provoac\u0103 sindroame viabile la om " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Tilacoidele:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. prin suprapunere formeaz\u0103 grane ", + "2. sunt membrane fotosintetizatoare la cianobacteri i ", + "3. caracterizeaz\u0103 cloroplastele eucariotelor ", + "4. sunt membrane nonenergizante " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u00een:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. profaza II ", + "2. anafaza II ", + "3. metafaza II ", + "4. telofaz\u0103 II " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen interfaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. au loc procese intense de sintez\u0103 ", + "2. se produc enzime necesare replic\u0103rii ADN ", + "3. se formeaz\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ", + "4. are loc procesul de crossing-over " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile con\u0163in:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. tilacoide ", + "2. tubuli ", + "3. pigmen\u0163i ", + "4. ribozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. con\u0163in enzime digestive inactive \u00eentr-un mediu a lcalin ", + "2. se g\u0103sesc \u00een cel mai mare num\u0103r \u00een globulele ro\u015f ii ", + "3. au rol \u00een procesele de autofagie \u015fi heterofagie celular\u0103 ", + "4. sunt delimita\u0163i de membrane duble \u015fi rezistente enzimatic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Citosolul celulelor eucariote:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 curen\u0163i citoplasmatici ", + "2. se g\u0103se\u015fte permanent \u00een stare de sol ", + "3. \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 microtubuli citoscheletali ", + "4. este sediul etapei aerobe a respira\u0163iei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia/afirma\u0163iile corect\u0103/e:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. mutanta eyeless la Drosophila melanogaster are doar \u015fapte cromozomi ", + "2. modificarea ordinii genelor \u00een cromozomi, la euc ariote, poate fi asociat\u0103 cu o muta\u0163ie ", + "3. \u201e genele s\u0103ritoare \u201d se pot desprinde dintr-un cromozom \u015fi apoi se pot insera \u00een alt cromozom ", + "4. absen\u0163a ochilor la musculi\u0163a de o\u0163et este determ inat\u0103 de absen\u0163a genelor pentru culoarea ochilor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Gr\u00e2ul cultivat:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. este un amfiploid natural ", + "2. are 2n=14 cromozomi ", + "3. este un hibrid poliploid ", + "4. are 2n=8x=56 cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Degener\u0103ri ale sistemului nervos apar \u00een:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. boala Huntington ", + "2. miopatia Duchenne ", + "3. maladia Alzheimer ", + "4. anemia falciform\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic se diferen \u0163iaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. tubuli dispu\u015fi \u00een re\u0163ea ", + "2. cisterne ramificate ", + "3. vezicule puternic aplatizate ", + "4. pliuri sub form\u0103 de criste " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Necesit\u0103 consum de energie:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. citoza ", + "2. citoliza ", + "3. pinocitoza ", + "4. osmoza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Respira\u0163ia \u015fi fotosinteza au urm\u0103toarele caract eristici comune:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. realizeaz\u0103 oxidarea substan\u0163elor organice ", + "2. transform\u0103 energia \u00een ATP ", + "3. sunt specifice celulelor eucariote ", + "4. se realizeaz\u0103 in compartimente delimitate de mem brane duble " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Dictiozomii au urm\u0103toarele roluri:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. sinteza polizaharidelor ", + "2. producerea secre\u0163iilor celulare ", + "3. prelucrarea proteinelor \u015fi lipidelor ", + "4. secre\u0163ia de mucilagii la fungi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Gene letale au fost identificate la:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. crapii oglind\u0103 ", + "2. oile Karakul brum\u0103rii ", + "3. porumbul albinotic ", + "4. \u015foarecii galbeni " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Drosophila melanogaster prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri de mutante:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. lipsa ochilor-eyeless ", + "2. ochi reniformi ", + "3. aripi curbate-curly ", + "4. ochii ro\u015fii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul genetic de tip Abraxas se \u00eent\u00e2lne \u015fte la:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Bombix mori la care masculul este ZZ ", + "2. l\u0103custe la care femela este XO ", + "3. p\u0103s\u0103ri la care femela este ZW ", + "4. molie la care masculul este XO " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Conversia genic\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. recombinare genetic\u0103 nereciproc\u0103 ", + "2. un transfer unidirectional de gene \u00eentre cromozo mii omologi ", + "3. \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la genul Neurospora la fel ca \u015fi ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", + "4. rezultatul unei meioze \u00een dou\u0103 etape " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul meiozei I:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii dintr-o pereche se orienteaz\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2 mplare spre un pol sau altul ", + "2. se produce separarea cromozomilor perechi din te trade ", + "3. se realizeaz\u0103 recombinarea genetic\u0103 intracromozo mal\u0103 \u0219i intercromozomal\u0103 ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 celule fiice haploide cu cromozomi m onocromatidici " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Semidominan\u0163a a fost identificat\u0103 la:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Mirabilis jalapa ", + "2. specii de porumb ", + "3. Antirrhinum sp. ", + "4. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul Y al b\u0103rbatului cuprinde gene pentru :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. prezen\u021ba perilor pe falangele m\u00e2inilor ", + "2. capacitatea de coagulare a s\u00e2ngelui ", + "3. formarea perilor pe marginea urechii ", + "4. atrofierea ireversibil\u0103 a musculaturii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Atingerea st\u0103rii de t urgescen\u0163 \u0103 poate presupune :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. proc esul de pierdere a apei intracelulare prin difuzie ", + "B. cre\u0219terea volumului celul ei aflate \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie hipertonic\u0103 ", + "C. m\u0103rirea volumului celulei vegetale plasat\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103 distilat\u0103 ", + "D. eliminarea apei din tr-o celul\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. reticulul endoplasmatic neted desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 sinteza proteinelor ", + "B. mitocondriile con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime, ADN, ARN \u0219i ribozomi ", + "C. lizozomii realizeaz\u0103 procesul de exocitoz\u0103 la nivelul tonoplastului ", + "D. ribozomii sunt forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi identice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Membrana celu lar\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. este o re\u021bea complex\u0103 de fibre glucidice ", + "B. delimiteaz\u0103 toate organitele citoplasmatice ", + "C. con\u021bine polizaharidul murein\u0103 la procariote ", + "D. are \u00een structura sa glicoproteine, proteine , lipide " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen vederea r educer ii la jum\u0103tate a garniturii diploide de cromozomi este ne cesar\u0103 :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. recombin area genetic \u0103 interc romozomal \u0103 ", + "B. replica \u021bia ARN -ului dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", + "C. dispuner ea cromozomilor \u00een tetrade la nivelul pl \u0103cii ecuatoriale ", + "D. separ area cromatidelor surori de c\u0103tre fibrele kinetocorale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici pot fi eviden\u021bia\u021bi \u00een timpul :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. perioadei G 0 a ciclului celular ", + "B. interfazei dintre meioza I \u0219i II ", + "C. citokinezei consecutive telofazei II ", + "D. form\u0103rii celulei ou " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Miopatia Duchenne:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. este determinat\u0103 de o aneuploidie heterozomal\u0103 ", + "B. poate determina moartea indivizilor \u00eenaint e de v\u00e2rsta de 20 ani ", + "C. este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de distrofie cardiac\u0103 ", + "D. afecteaz\u0103 fetele , cu o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1/3500 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Heterocromatina :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. corespund e segmentelor de ADN utilizate \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", + "B. se coloreaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens dec\u00e2t regiunile de eucromatin \u0103 ", + "C. repr ezint\u0103 o regiune r\u0103sucit\u0103 \u0219i mai dens\u0103 a cromatin ei ", + "D. este o regiune lax\u0103 a cromatine i dintre zonele mai r\u0103sucite " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Centriolii \u0219i nucleoli i sunt structuri :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. cu activitate intens\u0103 \u00een cariochinez\u0103 ", + "B. prezen te \u00een interfaza celul ei animal e ", + "C. delimita te prin membran e celular e ", + "D. mai eviden te \u00een timpul diviziunii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromoplastele \u015fi leucoplastele:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 \u201dde novo\u201d \u00een celulele vegetale ", + "B. prezint\u0103 tilacoide acoperite cu pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi ", + "C. utilizeaz\u0103 energia luminoas\u0103 pentru sinteze organice ", + "D. pot exista \u00een celulele dif eritelor organe subterane ale plantelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Consangvinizarea:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. caracterizeaz\u0103 popula\u021biile umane din comunit\u0103\u0163i mari ", + "B. poate determina homozigotarea genelor recesive ", + "C. este implicat\u0103 \u00een cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei unor caractere neereditare ", + "D. induce fenomenul de heterozis \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu a doua genera\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii Nissl:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. consolideaz\u0103 citoscheletul neuronului ", + "B. se coloreaz\u0103 puternic cu coloran\u021bi bazici ", + "C. sunt forma\u021bi din proteine structurale \u0219i ATP ", + "D. intervin \u00een transmiterea impulsului nervos " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Deriv\u0103 din centrioli:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. proteinele globu lare \u03bb \u0219i \u03b2 ", + "B. tubulinele centrale ale cililor ", + "C. corpuscul ul bazal al flagelilor ", + "D. fibrele intermediare ale citoscheletului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Deficien\u021ba enzimei hepatice fenilalanin -hidroxilaza este caracteristic\u0103 :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. albinismului ", + "B. fenilcetonuriei ", + "C. hemoglobinopatiilor ", + "D. galactozemiei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Iperita este:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. agent alkilant ", + "B. antibiotic ", + "C. analog al bazelor azotate ", + "D. acridin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103 lipse\u0219te la femeile care sunt afectate de:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. sindromul Turner ", + "B. triplo -X ", + "C. boala Huntigton ", + "D. sindromul Down " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cauza s indromul ui \u201dcri-du-ch\u00e2t \u201deste o muta\u021bie cromozomal\u0103 de tip:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. transloca\u021bie ", + "B. inversie ", + "C. dele\u021bie ", + "D. duplica\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Este caracter recesiv :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. forma rotund\u0103 a capului ", + "B. prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", + "C. unirea unor degete ", + "D. lobul ata\u0219at al urechii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Afectarea metabolismului mineral apare \u00een :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. hipercolesterolemi e ", + "B. hematocromatoz \u0103 ", + "C. talasemi e ", + "D. albin ism " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul cloroplastic:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. se replic\u0103 dependent de materialul genetic nuclear ", + "B. este mai constant, \u00een timp, dec\u00e2t ADN -ul mitocondrial ", + "C. este prezent \u00een toate celulele eucariote \u015fi are form\u0103 linear\u0103 ", + "D. determin\u0103 desenul foliar al plantelor de trifoi alb " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen carioti pul uman normal al celulei somatice :", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. perechea 12 de cromozomi face parte din grupa D ", + "B. grupa E cuprinde cromozomi cu sateli\u0163i pe bra\u021bul scurt ", + "C. num\u0103rul de cromozomi submetacentrici din grupa B este 4 ", + "D. grupele A, C, E, F cuprind doar cromozomi metacentrici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nucl eolul spre deosebire de nucleoid:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. este materialul genetic al celulei procariote ", + "B. prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 la periferie ", + "C. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een profaza mitozei ", + "D. fabric\u0103 ribozomi \u00een celulele procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre Drosophila melanogaster se pot afirma urm\u0103toarele :", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. la mascul, procesul de crossing - over se poate realiza \u00eentre toate genele din heterozomi ", + "B. genele care determin\u0103 culoarea ochilor sunt plasate pe o singur\u0103 pereche de cromozomi ", + "C. lipsa ochilor la unele musculi\u0163e este legat \u0103 de absen\u0163a unui cromozom din perec hea II ", + "D. fenomenul de linkage se manifest\u0103 , de regul\u0103, pentru genele plasate pe aceea\u0219i cromatid\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Este o restructurare cu frecven\u021b\u0103 dubl\u0103 la fete fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi dele\u021bia :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. unui segment din bra\u021bul cromozomului 1 ", + "B. par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al unui cromozom din p erechea a 5 -a ", + "C. unui fragment din cromozomul X ", + "D. par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al cromozomului 4 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Segregarea de tip Zea:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. este un tip mendelian de segregare ", + "B. a fost descoperit\u0103 de c\u0103tre Carl Correns ", + "C. se manifest\u0103 la descenden\u021bii homozigo\u021bi din F1 \u0219i F2 ", + "D. s-a eviden\u021biat \u00een determinismul culorii florilor de maz\u0103re " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt componente neprotoplasmatice:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. reticulul endoplasmatic \u015fi ribozomii ", + "B. vacuole le \u0219i cristale le de oxalat de calciu ", + "C. plasmalema \u0219i peretele celular ", + "D. flagelii \u0219i neurofibrilele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmodesmele:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. leag\u0103 plasmalema de pere\u0163ii celulari ", + "B. con\u0163in reticul endoplasmatic ", + "C. reprezint\u0103 punctua\u0163iunile pere\u0163ilor celulari ", + "D. asigur\u0103 leg\u0103turile intracelulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile con\u0163in:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. condriozomi \u00een matrix ", + "B. enzime hidrolitice cu rol fagocitar ", + "C. enzime oxidoreduc\u0103toare \u00een oxizomi ", + "D. pinozomi form a\u0163i prin endocitoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Num\u0103rul de genotipuri posibile la descenden\u0163ii unei specii cu 2n=8 ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii intercromozomale este:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. 16 ", + "B. 64 ", + "C. 256 ", + "D. 128 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul telofazei I spre deosebire de telofaza II :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. au loc sinteze intense de proteine \u0219i ADN ", + "B. se refac filamentele bicromatidice de cromatin\u0103 ", + "C. \u00eencep procesele de citokinez \u0103 a celulelor binucleate ", + "D. se formeaz\u0103 celule haploide cu cromozomi bicromatidici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii monocromatidici exist\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. G0 \u0219i telofaza II ", + "B. G1 \u0219i profaza I I ", + "C. faza S \u0219i anafaza I ", + "D. G2 \u0219i metafaza I " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomul Y la om este:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. acrocentric cu sateli\u0163i ", + "2. identificabil prin tehnici de bandare ", + "3. subtelocentric f\u0103r\u0103 sateli\u021bi ", + "4. identificabil prin amniocentez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt maladii determinate de gene recesive:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. polidactilia \u015fi prognatismul ", + "2. albinismul ", + "3. distrofia muscular \u0103 \u015fi sindactilia ", + "4. daltonismul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u0163iile:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. sunt o consecin\u0163\u0103 a crossing -over -lui ", + "2. pot determina apari\u0163ia monosomiilor autozomale ", + "3. sunt o modificare programat\u0103 \u00een structura acizilor nucleici ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 schimb\u0103ri \u00een succesiunea nucleotidelor ADN -ului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii de laborator, s tatmochineza poate fi indus\u0103 de :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. colchicin\u0103 ", + "2. Lindan ", + "3. agen\u0163i alkilanti ", + "4. acidul nitros " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u0163iile genomice de tip poliploid sunt mai frecvente la:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. animalele nevertebrate dec\u00e2t la vertebrate ", + "2. plantele montane dec\u00e2t la cele de c\u00e2mpie ", + "3. pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfibieni fa\u021b\u0103 de mamifere ", + "4. plante fa\u021b\u0103 de animalele vertebrate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Regimul alimentar poate reduce manifest\u0103rile u rm\u0103toarel or boli genetice :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. fenilcetonuria ", + "2. scorbutul ", + "3. hiperlipoproteinemia ", + "4. hemofilia " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierile corecte referitoare la organite le comune cu rolul acestora:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondrii - respira\u0163ia celular\u0103 ", + "2. neurofibrile -transmiterea influxului nervos ", + "3. lizozomi - digestia intracelular\u0103 ", + "4. cloroplaste - procesul de fotosintez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Organite specifice unor celule sunt :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. miofibrilele ", + "2. neurofibrilele ", + "3. corpus culii Nissl ", + "4. cloroplastele " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Incluziuni ergastice de natur\u0103 organic\u0103 sunt:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. r\u0103\u0219inile ", + "2. inulina ", + "3. gutaperca ", + "4. taninurile " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii prezint \u0103 urm \u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. intervin \u00een sinteza proteinelor ", + "2. sunt alc\u0103tui\u0163i din ADN, ARN, proteine ", + "3. formeaz\u0103 poliso mii cu rol \u00een sinteza lipidelor ", + "4. sunt lipsi\u021bi de membran\u0103 celular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber se transmite:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. mendelian ", + "2. dominant ", + "3. sex-linkat ", + "4. matroclin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt constituite din aminoacizi \u0219i grup\u0103ri neproteice:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. cazeina ", + "2. lactalbumina ", + "3. hemoglobina ", + "4. keratina " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cat\u00e2rul spr e deosebire de bardou:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. are 2n=63 cromozomi ", + "2. provine din \u00eencruci\u0219area iepei cu m\u0103garul ", + "3. este un hibrid viabil dar steril ", + "4. are talie \u0219i putere de trac\u021biune diferit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular secundar, spre deosebire de cel primar:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. este mai compact \u0219i prezint\u0103 un grad m ai mare de rigiditate ", + "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u021bierea citoplasmei la periferia celulei ", + "3. poate con\u021bine lignine, cerine, suberine, cutine etc. ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziunea mitotic\u0103 a celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Linkage -ul:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. are loc \u00een diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103 ", + "2. determin\u0103 recombinarea cromozo milor ", + "3. implic\u0103 genele din acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "4. este surs\u0103 de variabilitate genetic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sex feminin heterogametic prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Mus minutoides minutoides ", + "2. Zea mays ", + "3. Bryonia dioica ", + "4. Bombyx mori " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile la fel ca \u0219i reticulul endoplasma tic:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi considerate endosimbion\u021bi celulari ", + "2. au rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor organice ", + "3. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een ovulele mam iferelor ", + "4. intervin \u00een procesele metabolice celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. aneuploizilor ", + "2. gam e\u021bilor diploizi ", + "3. celulelor haploide ", + "4. poliploizilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cariotipul unei persoane cu sindromul Klinefelter se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. 14 autozomi din grupa C ", + "2. trei cromozomi acrocentrici din grupa D ", + "3. prezen\u021ba unor heterozomi omologi ", + "4. \u0219ase cromozomi metacentrici din gr upa A " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen celulele ciupercilor :", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. suberina asigur\u0103 formarea unui perete secundar ", + "2. glicogenul este substan\u021ba organic\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 ", + "3. fosfolipide le formeaz\u0103 un bistrat cu miez ul hidrofil ", + "4. chitina este un polizaharid din peretele celular " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Triticum Aestivum este un:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. amfiploid ", + "2. poliploid ", + "3. hexaploid ", + "4. alopoliploid " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Heterozisul se manifest\u0103 la to\u0163i descenden\u0163ii:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. homozigo\u0163i recesivi din genera\u021bia F1 ", + "2. din F2 rezulta\u0163i prin monohibridare ", + "3. cu orice combina\u0163ie genotipic\u0103 ", + "4. primei genera\u0163ii hibride " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Proteine contractile con\u021bin:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. corpii Nissl ", + "2. centriolii ", + "3. neurofibrilele ", + "4. miofibrilele " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen meioz\u0103 spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u00een profaz\u0103 ", + "2. centromerii se divid de dou\u0103 ori ", + "3. ADN -ul se replic \u0103 \u00een faza S a interfazei ", + "4. materialul genetic se \u00eemparte de dou\u0103 ori " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmagene pot con\u021bin e:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondriile ", + "2. cloroplastele ", + "3. drojdiile ", + "4. paramecii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi din celulele animale spre deosebire de cel din celulele vegetale este :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. responsabil de producerea secre\u021biilor celulare ", + "2. format din cisterne care genereaz\u0103 micro \u0219i macrovezicule ", + "3. impli cat \u00een biogeneza substan\u021belor protidice \u0219i lipidice ", + "4. reprezentat, de regul\u0103, de un singur ansamblu de saci aplatiza\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele din ovul determin \u0103 mozaicarea frunzelor la:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. gura - leului ", + "2. porumb ", + "3. primula ", + "4. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Un individ cu grup sanguin A spr e deosebire de unul cu grup sanguin AB poate :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. da na\u0219tere unui copil homozigot recesiv ", + "2. dezvolt a un fenotip diferit \u00een func\u021bie de genotipul s\u0103u ", + "3. avea un genotip homozigot sau unul heterozigot ", + "4. da na\u0219tere unui copil cu grup sanguin ap\u0103rut prin codominan\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Miof ibrilele din celulele musculare striate:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. sunt mai sub\u021biri \u00een discurile \u00eentunecate dec\u00e2t cele clare ", + "2. con\u021bin dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente proteice contractile ", + "3. sunt independente unele de altele \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de plasmalem\u0103 ", + "4. au un aranjament hexagonal al fibrelor elemen tare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Pigmen\u021bi din organitele cu rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 sunt :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. xantofile le, \u00een feoplaste ", + "2. clorofila a \u0219i c, la algele brune ", + "3. ficobiline le, \u00een rodoplaste ", + "4. clorofila a \u0219i d, la algele ro\u0219ii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mezozomul:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. provine prin invaginarea plasmalemei unor procariote ", + "B. are un rol esential \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103 ", + "C. produce substan\u021be organice prin reac\u021bii de hidroliz\u0103 ", + "D. asigur\u0103 suport pentru ribozomii de tip procariot " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele histonice:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. sunt imunoproteine din structura fibrelor de cromatin \u0103 ", + "B. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu acizi nucleici form\u00e2nd nucleopro teine ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea cariolimfei, partea solid\u0103 a nu cleului ", + "D. sunt proteine transmembranare care au rol de recepto ri " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen metafaza I:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomii materni sunt orienta\u0163i, de regul\u0103, spre ac ela\u015fi pol al celulei ", + "B. tetradele sunt dispuse \u00een dou\u0103 pl\u0103ci \u00een zona ecuatoria l\u0103 a celulei ", + "C. cromozomii neomologi se leag\u0103 \u00eentre ei \u00een anumite zo ne cromatidice ", + "D. bivalen\u021bii sunt ata\u0219a\u021bi de fire ale fusului de diviziu ne la nivelul centromerilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Enzimele pot fi:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u0163e chimice de natur\u0103 glucidic\u0103 sau proteic\u0103 ", + "B. produse prin activitatea reticulului endoplasmatic ne ted ", + "C. utilizate de celul\u0103 ca surs\u0103 de energie pentru pompe ", + "D. implicate \u00een reac\u021bii chimice desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een hialoplas m\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin fap tul c\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. au granule tubulare pe suprafa\u021ba membranei interne ", + "B. sunt organite delimitate de o singur\u0103 membran\u0103 ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea tuturor celulelor vegetale euca riote ", + "D. con\u021bin, \u00een strom\u0103, factori implica\u021bi \u00een replicarea ADN-ului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Schimburile de ioni \u00eentre celul\u0103 \u015fi mediul extracel ular se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. canale ionice, de exemplu transportul activ ", + "B. difuziunea ionilor printre fosfolipidele plasmalemei ", + "C. pompe transmembranare, cu consum de energie ", + "D. pinocitarea ionilor situa\u021bi \u00een interiorul celulei an imale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele fiice rezultate \u00een urma:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. amitozei prin clivare sunt inegale \u0219i dezechilibrate genetic ", + "B. etapei reduc\u021bionale sunt celule reproduc\u0103toare asexu ate ", + "C. mitozei au nucleul identic cu cel din perioada presi ntetic\u0103 ", + "D. etapei ecva\u021bionale meiotice se numesc spori, la anima le " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cromoplastele din Lycopersicum esculentum :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. sunt numeroase \u0219i au nucleul situat central ", + "B. au form\u0103 sferic\u0103 \u0219i culoare ro\u0219ie-portocalie ", + "C. sunt plastide care con\u021bin carotine \u0219i xantofile ", + "D. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een pulpa r\u0103d\u0103cinii tuberizate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Supradominan\u021ba:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. a fost eviden\u021biat\u0103 de C. Correns la plantele de Zea mays ", + "B. constituie baza genetic\u0103 a fenomenului heterozis ", + "C. poate fi explicat\u0103 ca o adaptare anatomic\u0103 la mediu ", + "D. este prezent\u0103 la liniile consangvinizate ale musculi \u021bei de o\u021bet " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Talasemia major\u0103 ca \u0219i anemia falciform\u0103 se caracte rizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. blocarea sintezei catenei \u03b2 din structura hemoglobine i ", + "B. transportul insuficient de O 2, fiind deci o form\u0103 de anemie ", + "C. \u00eenlocuirea acidului glutamic cu valina \u00een pozi\u021bia 6 a catenei \u03b2 ", + "D. afectarea enzimelor implicate \u00een sinteza unei hetero proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Factorii mutageni chimici:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. cu rol alkilant pot fi reprezenta\u021bi de colchicin\u0103 \u0219i 2-aminopurin\u0103 ", + "B. blocheaz\u0103 formarea fusului de diviziune \u2013 cofeina, \u00ee n cantit\u0103\u021bi mici ", + "C. cum ar fi acidul nitric, poate determina dezaminare a citozinei ", + "D. pot provoca erori de replicare a ADN-ului, de exemp lu iperita " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster :", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. femelele au to\u021bi cromozomii identici, fiind sexul ho mogametic ", + "B. masculii au \u00een perechea I cromozomi cu form\u0103 de bast ona\u0219 fr\u00e2nt ", + "C. cromozomii politeni sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een unele celule al e larvelor ", + "D. prin experimente test cross s-a eviden\u021biat dominan\u021ba de tip Zea " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. intracromozomal\u0103 este caracteristic\u0103 profazei I din c elula bacterian\u0103 ", + "B. intercromozomal\u0103 conduce la formarea unor cromozomi recombina\u021bi ", + "C. nereciproc\u0103 poate determina ca o gen\u0103 s\u0103 fie \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare \u00eentr-un cromozom ", + "D. prin conversie genic\u0103 este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la mu\u0219chi din gen ul Neurospora " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Edwards ca \u0219i sindromul Patau se caracter izeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. prezen\u021ba a trei cromozomi din categoria celor hete rosomali ", + "B. o frecven\u021b\u0103 mai mare \u00een popula\u021bie dec\u00e2t cea a trisom iei 21 ", + "C. dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt \u00een cazul unui aut ozom ", + "D. un cromozom \u00een plus, care duce la afectarea sistemului nervos " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculul Barr este:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. un heterozom heterocromatinizat la sexul homogametic uman ", + "B. \u00een dublu exemplar la b\u0103rba\u021bii cu sindrom \u201ddublu mascu l\u201d ", + "C. prezent \u00een nucleul interfazic al unui b\u0103rbat cu sind rom Down ", + "D. folosit pentru determinarea sexului f\u0103tului \u0219i a unor boli autozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 se \u00eencruci\u015feaz\u0103 dou\u0103 organisme cu genotipul AA BBCC, respectiv AaBbCc, \u00een F1 se ob\u0163in organisme de tipul AABBCC \u00een propor\u0163ie de:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. 1/8 ", + "B. 1/2 ", + "C. 1/16 ", + "D. 1/64 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre ribozomi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. au rol \u00een sinteza de lipide membranare ", + "B. se pot grupa \u00een structuri circulare - polizomi ", + "C. sunt de tip procariot, \u00een mitocondrii \u0219i cloroplaste ", + "D. prezint\u0103 un singur tip de proteine specifice \u0219i ARNr " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la muta\u021biile care se exprim\u0103 la heterozigo\u021bi:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. talasemia - Plasmodium falciparum ", + "B. melanism industrial - Biston betularia ", + "C. albinism - regina Victoria ", + "D. prognatism \u2013 familia imperial\u0103 Habsburgic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Persoanele cu sindrom Down spre deosebire de cele c u sindrom Klinefelter:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. au trei cromozomi acrocentrici ", + "B. prezint\u0103 o muta\u021bie de tip aneuploid ", + "C. pot fi lipsite de corpuscul Barr ", + "D. provin din ovule de tip (n+ X) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Se transmit dominant autozomal:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. brahidactilia, dolicocefalia, polidactilia ", + "B. nasul lung, p\u0103rul drept, prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", + "C. brahicefalia, sindactilia, strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", + "D. prezen\u021ba pistruilor, cecitatea cromatic\u0103, p\u0103rul c\u00e2rl ion\u021bat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre rolul organitelor celulare:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. mitocondria genereaz\u0103 ATP prin fotoliz\u0103 ", + "B. reticulul rugos asigur\u0103 sinteza hormonilor steroizi ", + "C. rodoplastele con\u021bin ficobiline, clorofil\u0103 a \u0219i b ", + "D. dictiozomii transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een glicoproteine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre ciclul celular este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. include \u0219i statmochineza, \u00een cazul celulelor vegetale ", + "B. \u00een interchinez\u0103 se amplific\u0103 num\u0103rul mitocondriilor ", + "C. plasmodiereza este sincron\u0103 cu citochineza ", + "D. \u00een perioada G2 se sintetizeaz\u0103 ARN-polimeraze " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine tubuli anastomoza\u021bi cu aspect granular ", + "B. este bine dezvoltat \u00een globulele ro\u0219ii ", + "C. de tip neted prezint\u0103 polizomi ", + "D. este implicat \u00een sinteza de citomembrane " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Vacuolele fungilor:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. sunt delimitate de un \u00eenveli\u0219 dublu ", + "B. con\u021bin polimeraze \u00een sucul vacuolar ", + "C. au rol \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 ", + "D. ocup\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 60% din spa\u021biul celular " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. este mai pu\u021bin refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul ", + "B. con\u021bine particule ribonucleoproteice ", + "C. are pori prin care poate fi exportat ADN \u00een citosol ", + "D. poate avea unul sau mai mul\u021bi nucleoizi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Interfaza celulelor mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. dureaz\u0103, \u00een medie, \u00eentre 12 \u0219i 48 de ore ", + "B. parcurge etapele G1\u2192G2\u2192S\u2192M\u2192G1 ", + "C. include producerea de ADN-polimeraze ", + "D. ocup\u0103, de regul\u0103, 80% din ciclul celular " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anafaza I:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. are loc clivarea centromerului bivalen\u021bilor ", + "B. fibrele kinetocorale se scurteaz\u0103 treptat ", + "C. grupele de bivalen\u021bi migreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre polii celulei ", + "D. cromatidele surori ale cromozomilor sunt identice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 glucide prin fixarea O 2 \u0219i CO 2 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 ADN necomplexat cu histone ", + "C. au pigmen\u021bi asimilatori, ca \u0219i leucoplastele ", + "D. con\u021bin ribozomi identici cu cei din citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Flagelul propriu-zis are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. este \u00eenvelit la exterior de teac\u0103 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een axonem\u0103 9 perechi de microtubuli ", + "C. se continu\u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile, pentru ancorare ", + "D. este coordonat de o structur\u0103 cu 9 triplete de tubuli " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Se \u00eemperecheaz\u0103 o femel\u0103 de iepure cu blan\u0103 neagr\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103r scurt cu un mascul alb cu p\u0103r lung. 25% dintre pui vor avea blan\u0103 neagr\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103r scurt, iar 25% blan\u0103 alb\u0103 cu p\u0103r lung. To\u021bi str\u0103mo\u0219ii masculului au fost albi cu p\u0103r lung. Alege\u021bi varian ta corect\u0103 dintre r\u0103spunsurile date:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. p\u0103rul alb este determinat de gene dominante ", + "B. femela este heterozigot\u0103 pentru ambele caractere ", + "C. puii cu p\u0103r lung mo\u0219tenesc caracterul dominant de la tat\u0103 ", + "D. masculul este dublu homozigot pentru caracterele domi nante " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Membranele tilacoidale spre deosebire de celelalte citomembrane:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. au \u00een alc\u0103tuire dou\u0103 straturi de fosfolipide, \u00een car e \u00eent\u00e2lnim proteine ", + "2. sunt invagin\u0103ri ale unei membrane care este \u00een contac t cu hialoplasma ", + "3. au rol \u00een procesele chimice caracteristice ciclului K rebs \u0219i fosforil\u0103rii oxidative ", + "4. con\u021bin substan\u021be implicate \u00een convertirea energiei lu minoase \u00een energie chimic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Meioza:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een celulele somatice din alc\u0103tuirea org anismelor procariote ", + "2. asigur\u0103 recombinarea genetic\u0103 intracromozomal\u0103 \u0219i int ercromozomal\u0103 ", + "3. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea unor celule care con\u021bin p erechi de cromozomi ", + "4. face parte dintr-un ciclu celular care cuprinde o i nterfaz\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i una scurt\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La eucariote cromozomii:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. metafazici au \u00een alc\u0103tuire dou\u0103 fibre de cromatin\u0103 condensate ", + "2. profazici au un singur centromer sau constric\u021bie secu ndar\u0103 ", + "3. anafazici sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 32 \u00een cazul unei celule d e Allium cepa ", + "4. telofazici migreaz\u0103 spre zonele polare unde se vor d espiraliza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondria este implicat\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. sinteza unor proteine care vor fi apoi prelucrate la nivelul dictiozomilor ", + "2. eliberarea energiei din acidul piruvic \u0219i apoi depoz itarea ei \u00een leg\u0103turi chimice ", + "3. fosforilarea acidului adenozin-difosforic sub ac\u021biunea enzimelor din tilacoide ", + "4. ereditatea matroclin\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 de exemplu la gaster opodul acvatic Limnaea sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Gene autozomale recesive pot determina urm\u0103toarele boli:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. daltonismul \u0219i fenilcetonuria ", + "2. cretinismul gu\u0219ogen \u0219i sindromul Patau ", + "3. talasemia major\u0103 \u0219i miopatia Duchenne ", + "4. anemia falciform\u0103 \u0219i albinismul Page 5 of 12 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Organitele celulare specifice se caracterizeaz\u0103 pri n:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. corpusculii Nissl con\u021bin ARN \u0219i proteine \u0219i se coloreaz\u0103 cu coloran\u021bi acizi ", + "2. cilii \u0219i flagelii con\u021bin triplete de microtubuli \u00een corpusculul bazal ", + "3. miofibrilele groase au \u00een alc\u0103tuire miozin\u0103, troponi n\u0103 \u0219i tropomiozin\u0103 ", + "4. cloroplastele con\u021bin ADN pentru sinteza unor proteine structurale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mitoz\u0103 sunt valabile urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een profaz\u0103 se dezorganizeaz\u0103 partea cea mai dens\u0103 a nucleului ", + "2. \u00een interchinez\u0103 are loc sinteza replicativ\u0103 a ADN-ul ui ", + "3. pe parcursul telofazei au loc \u0219i procesele plasmodier ezei ", + "4. cromozomii bicromatidici au o grosime maxim\u0103 de 700 nm " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmagenele pot s\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. fac\u0103 parte din macromolecule de ADN care au form\u0103 c ircular\u0103 ", + "2. controleze cre\u0219terea talului la ciuperca Neurospora crassa ", + "3. aib\u0103 origine procariot\u0103 la Paramoecium aurelia ", + "4. fie transmise de la iap\u0103 la cat\u00e2r prin intermediul o osferei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Muta\u021biile:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. genice pot conduce la formarea unui num\u0103r mare de a lele ", + "2. punctiforme \u00een catena \u03b1 conduc la apari\u021bia hemoglob inei HbS ", + "3. genomice pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 prin multiplicarea num\u0103rului d e baz\u0103 ( x) ", + "4. cromozomale sunt consecin\u021ba rearanj\u0103rii nucleotidelor din gene " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Aneuploidia:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 frecvent la plantele din regiunile po lare ", + "2. poate fi consecin\u021ba varia\u021biilor bru\u0219te de temperatur\u0103 ", + "3. are ca rezultat formarea unor game\u021bi echilibra\u021bi ge netic ", + "4. afecteaz\u0103 doar anumite perechi de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul determinismului genetic al grupelor sangvi ne:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. grupa O este rezultatul a dou\u0103 gene recesive plasate \u00ee n acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "2. grupa A poate avea fenotipul homozigot LALA sau heterozigot L Al ", + "3. grupa B este determinat\u0103 de dou\u0103 gene dominante \u0219i un a recesiv\u0103 ", + "4. grupa AB prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 gene dominante \u00een rela\u021bie de codominan\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster sunt corecte afirma\u021biile:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. genele pentru culoarea gri/negru \u0219i aripa normal\u0103/ve stigial\u0103 sunt linkate ", + "2. experimentul de eviden\u021biere a crossing-over-ului inc lude un backcross ", + "3. recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 la organismele homozi gote nu are efecte fenotipice ", + "4. modul de dispunere al bivalen\u021bilor \u00een zona ecuatoria l\u0103 duce la 2 8 variante de game\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Replicarea:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. determin\u0103 transformarea cromozomilor monocromatidici \u00een bicromatidici ", + "2. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 dup\u0103 perioada presintetic\u0103 a interfazei ", + "3. const\u0103 \u00een formarea a dou\u0103 molecule de ADN pornind de la o molecul\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 ", + "4. constituie func\u021bia autocatalitic\u0103 a materialului gen etic reprezentat de ADN " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Trisomia 21 ca \u0219i sindromul Klinefelter:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. apare \u00een urma cre\u0219terii num\u0103rului unor cromozomi met acentrici ", + "2. are drept consecin\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103derea fertilit\u0103\u021bii b\u0103rba\u021bilo r ", + "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin malforma\u021bii cardiace \u0219i gastro- intestinale ", + "4. apare \u00een urma nondisjunc\u021biei unor cromozomi \u00een meio z\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Dele\u021bia cromozomal\u0103 poate afecta/determina:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. bra\u021bul scurt al unui cromozom 5 determin\u00e2nd microcef alie ", + "2. deform\u0103ri ale degetelor de la nivelul membrelor inf erioare ", + "3. par\u021bial bra\u021bul lung al unui cromozom din perechea 1 ", + "4. malforma\u021bii ale fe\u021bei \u00een cazul afect\u0103rii cromozomil or 1 \u0219i 5 Page 6 of 12 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42) \u2013 alopoliploid natural ", + "2. Aegilops speltoides (2n=2x=16) \u2013 amfiploid steril ", + "3. Triticale (2n=8x=56) \u2013 amfiploid artificial ", + "4. Secale cereale (2n=4x=28) \u2013 autopoliploid natural " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Persoanele cu structura genetic\u0103 HbAHbS:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. manifest\u0103 o maladie ereditar\u0103 X-linkat\u0103 ", + "2. au \u00een eritrocite 60 % hemoglobin\u0103 normal\u0103 ", + "3. sunt rezistente la Plasmodium caudatum ", + "4. pot muri \u00een condi\u021bii de rarefiere a oxigenului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Aleurona:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. se poate acumula \u00een vacuole ", + "2. este rezultatul metabolismului celular ", + "3. se poate prezenta sub form\u0103 de granule ", + "4. este un pigment sintetizat \u00een dictiozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. talasemia major este o hemoglobinopatie ", + "2. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber are determinism genetic nuc lear ", + "3. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o gen\u0103 recesi v\u0103 ", + "4. hemocromatoza se datoreaz\u0103 unei dele\u021bii heterozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. include trei grupe cu cromozomi acrocentrici ", + "2. a fost stabilit prin bandarea cromozomilor anafazici ", + "3. include cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi \u00een grupele D \u0219i B ", + "4. cuprinde \u00een cadrul grupei C perechile 6 -12 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster , cromozomii:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. din perechea I sunt omologi la ambele sexe ", + "2. politeni sunt rezultatul replic\u0103rii profazice a crom atidelor ", + "3. realizeaz\u0103 crossing-over, cu excep\u021bia perechii III ", + "4. din perechea II con\u021bin un locus pentru lungimea ante nelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Se manifest\u0103, de regul\u0103, la v\u00e2rste \u00eenaintate \u0219i afe cteaz\u0103 sistemul nervos:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u0219\u0103 ", + "2. boala Duchenne ", + "3. sindromul Edwards ", + "4. boala Huntington " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Liniile homozigote:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. produc un singur tip de game\u021bi ", + "2. nu segreg\u0103 \u00een urma autoreproducerii ", + "3. sunt linii consangvinizate ", + "4. nu pot realiza crossing-over " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Prin crossing-over:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. nu se pierde informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ", + "2. rezult\u0103 cromozomi cu gene de la ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi ", + "3. se diversific\u0103 genotipic \u0219i fenotipic organismele ", + "4. se realizeaz\u0103 schimbul de gene \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmagenele din organite sunt implicate \u00een transmi terea ereditar\u0103 a:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. caracterului albinotic la plante ", + "2. degener\u0103rii nervului optic, la om ", + "3. varieg\u0103rii frunzelor, la Mirabilis jalapa ", + "4. sensibilitatea crescut\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de CO 2, la Drosophila Page 7 of 12 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul procesului de linkage cromozomii:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. se comport\u0103 ca structuri stabile ", + "2. nu segreg\u0103 independent ", + "3. \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 integritatea structural\u0103 ", + "4. transmit \u00een bloc ambele alele ale unei gene " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 un fragment din epiderma superioar\u0103 a bulbului de ceap\u0103 este plasat\u0103 \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie apoas\u0103 de NaCl, hipertonic\u0103:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. volumul vacuolelor cre\u0219te ca urmare a difuziei apei ", + "2. presiunea de turgescen\u021b\u0103 exercitat\u0103 de vacuol\u0103 cre\u0219te ", + "3. apa p\u0103trunde \u00een celul\u0103 prin procesul de osmoz\u0103 ", + "4. protoplastul se desprinde treptat de peretele celular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Transpozonii:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca factori mutageni ", + "2. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din ADN sau ARN ", + "3. sunt elemente genetice mobile ", + "4. sunt \u201dgene s\u0103ritoare\u201d specifice virusurilor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt poliploizi:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Triticum aestivum ", + "2. bananierul ", + "3. Triticale ", + "4. Aegilops squarosa " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen profaza mitozei \u0219i meiozei I:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eenveli\u0219ul nucleolar se dezorganizeaz\u0103 ", + "2. celula parental\u0103 con\u021bine o cantitate 2C de ADN ", + "3. la fiecare pol al celulei exist\u0103 c\u00e2te un centriol ", + "4. cromozomii omologi se spiralizeaz\u0103 progresiv " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 poate determina:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sinteza de paramecin\u0103 la procariote ", + "B. androsterilitatea feminin\u0103 la porumb ", + "C. existen\u021ba unor hibrizi intraspecifici nereciproci ", + "D. rezisten\u021ba la streptomicin\u0103 a unor bacterii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Provin din reticulul endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. vacuomul ", + "B. lizozomii ", + "C. condriomul ", + "D. oxizomii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Difuzia facilitat\u0103, spre deosebire de difuzie:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. se realizeaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consum de energie ", + "B. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eempotriva gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", + "C. are loc \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", + "D. necesit\u0103 proteine transportoare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. are loc \u00een profaza etapei reduc\u021b ionale a meiozei ", + "B. presupune un schimb reciproc de gene \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi ", + "C. are loc prin segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de cromozomi ", + "D. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een anafaza etapei ecva\u021bionale a meiozei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing -overul se deosebe\u0219te de linkage prin:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. disjunc\u021bia independe nt\u0103 a perechilor de cromozomi ", + "B. modul de transmitere al genelor localizate \u00een perechi diferite de cromozomi ", + "C. apari\u021bia organismelor recombinate \u00een a doua genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 ", + "D. formarea chiasmelor \u00eentre cromatidele surori cu schimb nereciproc de gene " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Fenilcetonuria este determinat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", + "B. acumulare de acid fenilpiruvic \u00een articula\u021bii ", + "C. deficien\u021ba enzimei fenilalaninhidroxilaza ", + "D. blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen perioada G2 a interfazei are loc sinteza:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. glucidelor implicate \u00een transcrip\u021bie ", + "B. proteinelor fusului de diviziune ", + "C. enzimelor implicate \u00een replica\u021bie ", + "D. tubulinelor \u0219i ADN -ului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Persoanele cu anemie falciform\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. sunt sensibile la agentul patogen Plasmodium falciparum ", + "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 gena pentru aceast\u0103 maladie ", + "C. au o frecven\u021b\u0103 mai redus\u0103 \u00een popula\u021bia afectat\u0103 de malarie ", + "D. prezint\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2ngele lor 60% hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Triticum aestivum este o specie:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. alopoliploid\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din \u00eencruci\u0219area a trei specii \u00eenrudite ", + "B. amfiploi d\u0103 natural\u0103 cu 7 cromozomi \u00een game\u021bi ", + "C. hexaploid\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din \u00eencruci\u0219area a dou\u0103 specii diploide ", + "D. autopoliplod\u0103 artificial\u0103, cu 21 cromozomi \u00een game\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul cloroplastic, spre deosebire de ADN -ul mitocondrial:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. codific\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een lan\u021bul respirator ", + "B. este mai constant \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een cantitate mai mare ", + "C. se transmite ereditar nonmendelian ", + "D. este un cromozom de form\u0103 circular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Structur\u0103 prezent\u0103 at\u00e2t la celulele vegetale, c\u00e2t \u0219i la cele procariote este:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. cromoplastul ", + "B. centrozomul ", + "C. peretele celular ", + "D. dictiozomul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen urma experimentelor pe Drosophila melanogaster , Thomas Morgan a ar\u0103tat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. genele plasate \u00een cromozomi diferi\u021bi segreg\u0103 ", + "B. game\u0163ii sunt puri din punct de vedere genetic ", + "C. genele se pot transmite \u00eenl\u0103n\u0163uit (linkage) ", + "D. ADN-ul este substratul chimic a l eredit\u0103\u0163ii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. apare \u00een nucleul metafazic al meiozei ", + "B. este un cromozom care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 activ ", + "C. reprezint\u0103 un mecanism de reglaj genetic ", + "D. este prezent\u0103 la un b\u0103rbat s\u0103n\u0103tos " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Homozigotarea genelor recesive:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 doar la descenden\u021ba de sex feminin ", + "B. poate fi monitorizat\u0103 prin studiul familiilor consangvine ", + "C. cauzeaz\u0103 maladii X -linkate la b\u0103rba\u021bii cu heterozomi XY ", + "D. apare \u00een urma abera\u0163iilor structural -cromozomale la om " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i asocirea corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Sindrom Turner \u2013 2n=45, XY ", + "B. Sindrom Klinefelter \u2013 2n=46, XXY ", + "C. Sindrom Down \u2013 2n+1=47 (21 -21-21) ", + "D. Trisomia X (triplo -X) \u2013 2n=47, XXY " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Genele letale :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 determin\u0103 moartea embrionului ", + "B. modific\u0103 raportul de segregare mendelian ", + "C. \u00een F1 dau un raport de segregare fenotipic\u0103 de 1:2:1 ", + "D. pot fi numai homozigote dominante " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Genele alele:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. sunt situate \u00een acela\u0219i locus pe cromozomii neomologi ", + "B. afecteaz\u0103 acela\u0219i caracter al organismului ", + "C. devin gene letale \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 ", + "D. ocup\u0103 locusuri diferite pe cromozomii omologi \u00een serii polial ele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Prin diviziunea meiotic\u0103 a unei celule cu 2n=12 cromozomi, \u00een placa metafazic\u0103 a tuturor celulelor aflate \u00een etapa ecva\u0163ional\u0103 vor fi:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. 10 cromozomi bicromatidici ", + "B. 12 cromozomi monocromatidici ", + "C. 24 cromozomi monocromatidici ", + "D. 12 cromozomi bicromatidici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleosomii:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. intr\u0103 \u00een structura nucleoidului ", + "B. au \u00een alc\u0103tuire proteine histonice ", + "C. sunt forma\u0163i numai din ADN ", + "D. sunt conecta\u0163i prin segmente de ARN " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Func\u021bie specific\u0103 a reticulului endoplasmatic din celula muscular\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eentinderea \u00eentre membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i c ea nuclear\u0103 ", + "B. rolul \u00een detoxifierea substan\u021belor nocive ", + "C. reglarea nivelului ionilor de calciu ", + "D. sinteza hormonilor steroizi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Apa:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. traverseaz\u0103 membrana prin capilaritate trec\u00e2nd dintr -o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 \u00een cea concentrat\u0103 ", + "B. este solvent pentru substan\u021be anorganice \u0219 i organice datorit\u0103 labilit\u0103\u021bii leg\u0103turilor intermoleculare ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia citosolului, fiind mai abundent\u0103 \u00een solu\u021bia \u00een stare de gel ", + "D. constituie peste 50% din masa tuturor organelor vegetale \u0219i mediul de reac\u021bie din " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Clorofila:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. este localizat\u0103 numai \u00een cloroplast, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een captarea luminii ", + "B. este o cromoprotein\u0103, av\u00e2nd ca grupare neproteic\u0103 un pigment anorganic ", + "C. poate participa la fotosintez\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ficocianina \u0219i ficoeritrina ", + "D. favorizeaz\u0103 sinteza substan\u021belor organice \u0219i eliberarea de CO 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Celula \u00een G1, spre deosebire de cea aflat\u0103 \u00een G2:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. are dimensiuni mai mari ", + "B. prezint\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ", + "C. se afl\u0103 \u00eentr -o etap\u0103 metabolic\u0103 ", + "D. con\u021bine mai multe nucleotide libere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. radia\u021biile ionizante \u2013 eliminarea bazelor azotate purinice din acizii nucleici ", + "B. fenolii \u2013 modific\u0103ri cromozomale ereditare \u00een celulele plantelor ", + "C. antibioticele \u2013 transformarea apei \u00een peroxizi cu efect nociv asupra ADN ", + "D. agen\u021bii alchilan\u021bi \u2013 blocarea fusului de diviziune " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen tran smiterea ereditar\u0103 a caracterelor la Zea mays poate fi eviden\u021biat\u0103 urm\u0103toarea abatere de la legile lui Mendel:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. semidominan\u021ba, c\u00e2nd din \u00eencruci\u0219area unei variet\u0103\u021bi care are boabe galbene cu una care are boabe violet rezult\u0103 50% plante cu boabe violet ", + "B. genel e letale, c\u00e2nd determin\u0103 apari\u021bia unor indivizi homozigo\u021bi albinotici dintre care foarte pu\u021bini supravie\u021buiesc ", + "C. poliploidia, c\u00e2nd apar hibrizi cu caracteristici somatice, reproductive \u0219i adaptative superioare ", + "D. dihibridarea, c\u00e2nd perechile de factori ereditari segreg\u0103 independent fa\u021b\u0103 de alte " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Un parameci cu genotipul kk:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine genele alele K, k \u00een ADN -ul mitocondrial ", + "B. este sensibil la paramecina produs\u0103 de indivizii homozigo\u021bi dominan\u021bi ", + "C. produce paramecin\u0103 care este leta l\u0103 pentru toate tipurile de parameci ", + "D. devine sensibil dac\u0103 cedeaz\u0103 o parte din particulele kappa prin conjugare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centr-o celul\u0103 cu 2n=16 aflat\u0103 \u00een anafaza I a meiozei exist\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. 108 microtubuli \u00een structura tuturor centriolilor ", + "B. 64 de cromatide \u00een alc\u0103tuirea c romozomilor ", + "C. 8 filamente kinetocorale \u00een alc\u0103tuirea fusului ", + "D. 16 cromozomi monocromatidici ce migreaz\u0103 spre poli " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Citokineza \u00een celulele animale presupune:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. unirea peretelui celular cu membrana ", + "B. formarea unei pl\u0103ci celulare dispus\u0103 la ecuatorul celulei ", + "C. apari\u021bi a unui \u0219an\u021b de clivare \u00een mijlocul celulei ", + "D. separarea celor doi nuclei prin fragmentarea membranei nucleare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 celula mam\u0103 ini\u0163ial\u0103 are 18 cromozomi, \u00een placa ecuatorial\u0103 a metafazei I se vor dispune :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. dou\u0103 tetrade ", + "B. patru tetrade ", + "C. \u015fase tetrade ", + "D. nou\u0103 tetrade " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Hialoplasma celul elor eucariote:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. din punct de vedere chimic este un sistem coloidal ", + "B. din semin\u021bele care germineaz\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel ", + "C. din ficat descompune aerob substan\u021bele organice ", + "D. din celulele cu metabolism intens se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Amitoza se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te la :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. alge verzi, de ex. Pleurococcus ", + "2. bacterii, de ex. Escherichia ", + "3. ciliate, de ex. Paramoecium ", + "4. eucariote, de ex. Allium " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. haplofaza este dominant\u0103 la plantele superioare ", + "2. sporofi tul este genera\u021bia asexuat\u0103 ", + "3. diplofaza este redus\u0103 la organismele animale ", + "4. gametofitul este genera\u021bia sexuat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 incluziuni ergastice de natur\u0103 organic\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. r\u0103\u0219inile ", + "2. pectatul de calciu ", + "3. taninurile ", + "4. dioxidul de siliciu " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Flagelii \u0219i centrozomul pot fi prezen\u021bi la unele specii de:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. protozoare ", + "2. alge ", + "3. ciuperci ", + "4. plante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite au rol \u00een sinteza de lipide:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. aparatul Golgi ", + "2. mitocondriile ", + "3. centriolii ", + "4. reticulul endoplasmatic neted " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Pseudopodele pot fi prezente la:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. amoebe ", + "2. plasmodii ", + "3. leucocite ", + "4. hematii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii politeni ai larvelor musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ", + "2. au aproximativ 1180 \u00b5m lungime ", + "3. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele tractului intestinal ", + "4. provin prin clivarea succesiv\u0103 a cromatidelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Patau este o anomalie numeric\u0103 a unor cromozomi:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. acrocentrici ", + "2. scur\u021bi de tip submetacentric ", + "3. cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", + "4. metacentrici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Gemenii monozigo\u021bi:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. provin din acela\u0219i zigot ", + "2. au acela\u0219i genotip ", + "3. prezint\u0103 placent\u0103 comun\u0103 ", + "4. pot avea sexe dif erite " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Gena pentru cecitatea cromatic\u0103:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. determin\u0103 o maladie autozomal\u0103 ", + "2. se manifest\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", + "3. determin\u0103 o maladie dominant\u0103 ", + "4. se manifest\u0103 \u00een stare hemizigot\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Poligenia, spre deosebire de polialelie:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. determin\u0103 manifestarea unor caractere e reditare cantitative ", + "2. determin\u0103 varia\u021bii ale aceluia\u0219i caracter la diferi\u021bi indivizi ", + "3. presupune interac\u021biunea mai multor gene nealele ", + "4. este determinat\u0103 de gene care ocup\u0103 acela\u0219i locus \u00een cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Probabilitatea ca un gamet s\u0103 fie identic cu altul la Drosophila melanogaster este de:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. 2n ", + "2. (1/2)4 ", + "3. 24 ", + "4. (1/2)n " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen profaza mitotic\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. se organizeaz\u0103 filamentele fusului de diviziune ", + "2. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 membrana nuclear\u0103 \u015fi nucleolii ", + "3. se condenseaz\u0103 cromatina form\u00e2nd cromozomii ", + "4. are loc recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre crossing -over putem afirma:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. este un schimb de gene \u00eentre cromozomii neomologi ", + "2. prin recombinare rezult\u0103 cromozomi \u201cmozaica\u0163i\u201d ", + "3. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een profaza I a diviziunii celulare mitotice ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 un proces de recombinare intracromozomal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. permit degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a acidului piruvic ", + "2. prezint\u0103 oxizomi pe membranele interne ", + "3. con\u0163in \u00een matrix un amestec complex de enzime ", + "4. realizeaz\u0103 reducerea substan\u0163elor organice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Compu\u015fii organici:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. se depoziteaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een leucoplaste ", + "2. sunt form a\u0163i \u00een stroma cloroplastelor ", + "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea membranelor celulare ", + "4. se produc \u015fi \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintezei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul este:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. monocatenar liniar la procariote ", + "2. bicatenar circular \u00een cloroplaste ", + "3. bicatenar liniar \u00een mitocondrii ", + "4. bicatenar \u00een celu lele eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Preciza\u0163i varianta corect\u0103 privind cantitatea de ADN indicat\u0103 de simboluri:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. \u201c2C ADN\u201d, restabilit\u0103 prin fecunda\u0163ie ", + "2. \u201cn, 1C\u201d, pentru ovule \u0219i spermatozoizi ", + "3. \u201c1C + 1C = 2C ADN\u201d, pentru zigotul diploid ", + "4. \u201cn + n = 2n\u201d, pentru game\u0163ii musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmagenele determin\u0103 apari\u021bia:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. androsterilit\u0103\u021bii la plante ", + "2. frunzelor mozaicate la gura -leului ", + "3. parasexualit\u0103\u021bii la bacterii ", + "4. mutantelor \u201cpetite\u201d la drojdii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Turgescen\u0163a unei celule:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. este determinat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei intracelulare ", + "2. este consecin\u021ba procesului de plasmoliz\u0103 ", + "3. se opune absorb\u0163iei apei de c\u0103tre celula vegetal\u0103 ", + "4. determin\u0103 desprinderea protoplastului de peretele celular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt roluri ale substan\u021belor minerale din celule:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. regleaz\u0103 presiunea osmotic\u0103 \u0219i v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei ", + "2. contribuie la permeabilitatea membranelor ", + "3. favorizeaz\u0103 activitatea unor enzime \u0219i hormoni ", + "4. sunt produ\u0219i de asimila\u021bie \u00een celula vegetal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Descoperiri importante \u00een domeniul biologiei, recompensate cu premiul Nobel, au fost:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. mecanismul respira\u021biei celulare \u2013 M. Calvin, 1953 ", + "2. grupele de s\u00e2nge la om \u2013 K. Landsteiner, 1930 ", + "3. mecanismul fotosintezei \u2013 H. Krebs, 1961 ", + "4. structura ADN \u2013 J. Watson, F. Crick, M. Wilkins, 1962 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "At\u00e2t m itocondriile c\u00e2t \u0219i cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 membrane energizante, cu rol \u00een conversia e nergiei ", + "2. con\u021bin ADN care se replic\u0103 independent de cel nuclear ", + "3. se multiplic\u0103 \u0219i se perpetueaz\u0103 prin diviziune asigur\u00e2nd continuitatea genetic\u0103 ", + "4. elibereaz\u0103 gaze care sunt utilizate ca materie prim\u0103 \u00een procesul de hr\u0103nire " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Dublarea num\u0103rului de cromozomi d intr-o celul\u0103 se poate realiza:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul metafazei mitotice ", + "2. \u00een etapa S a interfazei ", + "3. \u00een urma expunerii la Lindan ", + "4. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul metafazei I meiotice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. intracromozomial\u0103 conduce \u00eentotdeauna la variabilitate genetic\u0103 ", + "2. nereciproc\u0103 are loc la ciuperci din genul Aspergillus \u0219i Neurospora ", + "3. intercromozomial\u0103 conduce la 2n tipuri de descenden\u021bi posibili ", + "4. intercromozomial\u0103 are loc \u00een etapa heterotipic\u0103 a meiozei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolii:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bin ribonucleoproteine ", + "3. sunt dezorganiza\u021bi \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", + "4. produc particule ribozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele din membrana celular\u0103 \u00eendeplinesc urm\u0103toarele roluri:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. primesc informa\u021bii din mediu ", + "2. catalizeaz\u0103 diferite reac\u021bii chimice ", + "3. recunosc celule de acela\u0219i tip ", + "4. transmit semn ale spre interiorul celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Ribozomii:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. sunt organite prezente \u00een celula procariot\u0103 \u0219i eucariot\u0103 ", + "2. au dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi care prind \u00eentre ele ARN -ul mesager ", + "3. au rol \u00een formarea leg\u0103turilor peptidice \u00eentre aminoacizi ", + "4. se pot grupa \u00een polizomi pe membrana R.E. " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen dihibridarea mendelian\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. procentul indivizilor cu fenotip identic cu al genitorului homozigot dominant cre\u0219te \u00een ", + "2. ereditatea de tip Pisum determin\u0103 apari\u021bia unor heterozigo\u021bi care manifest\u0103 caracterele dominante ", + "3. genitorii dublu hete rozigo\u021bi produc descenden\u021bi dublu homozigo\u021bi \u00een procent de 12,5% ", + "4. segregarea fiec\u0103rei perechi de caractere \u00een F 2 se face \u00een raport de 3:1 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. pompa de Na+/K+ transport\u0103 activ Na+ la exteriorul celulei eucariote ", + "2. prin exocit oz\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 fagozomi care diger\u0103 particule solide ", + "3. pinozomii rezult\u0103 prin \u00eencorporarea unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", + "4. prin endocitoz\u0103 p\u0103trund macromolecule \u00een celulele procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile gre\u0219ite privind func\u021biile organitelor:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. cili \u0219i flageli \u2013 realizeaz\u0103 locomo\u0163ia ", + "B. centrozomi \u2013 transmit caractere ereditare ", + "C. centru celular \u2013 intervine \u00een diviziunea celular\u0103 ", + "D. cloroplaste \u2013 rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Centromerul repr ezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. zona de unire a cromatidelor surori ", + "B. o denumire sinonim\u0103 pentru centrozom ", + "C. structur\u0103 ce intervine \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", + "D. un organit prezent la eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Neurofibrilele spre deosebire de s ubstan\u021ba tigroid\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. sunt organit e specific e prezent e \u00een citoplasma neuronului ", + "B. au rol de sus\u021binere \u0219i asigur\u0103 transportul de substan\u021be ", + "C. sunt elemente contractile din celula muscular\u0103 ", + "D. particip\u0103 la sintezele de proteine neuronale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Polizaharide cu rol de depozitare sunt:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. celuloza \u00een celulele vegetale ", + "B. zaharoza la plante ", + "C. glicogenul \u00een celulele animale ", + "D. chitina \u00een celulele animale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Transportul pasiv prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eempotriva gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", + "B. prin exocitoz\u0103 \u0219i endocitoz\u0103 ", + "C. cu ajutorul unor proteine de transport ", + "D. de la o solu\u021bie mai diluat\u0103 spre una mai concentrat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 din urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. la specia Limnaea direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei este determinat\u0103 de gene mitocond riale materne ", + "B. Morgan a studiat transmitere a \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 a variet\u0103\u021bii cu frunze p\u0103tate la barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului ", + "C. ADN mitocondrial con\u021bine gene implicate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului de fotosintez\u0103 ", + "D. termenul de factor ereditar a fost \u00eenlocuit cu termenul de gen\u0103 de c\u0103tre Gregor Mendel " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fenomenul de semidominan\u021b\u0103 :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. a fost descris la transmiterea grupelor de s\u00e2nge la om ", + "B. duce la fenomenul de heterozis, de accentuare a unor caractere ", + "C. a fost descris la planta Mirabilis jalapa (barba \u00eemp \u0103ratului) ", + "D. poate fi eviden\u021biat prin \u00eencruci\u0219area \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi eroarea referitoare la experien\u021bele de hibridare efectuate de Gregor Mendel :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. game\u021bii sunt \u00eentotdeauna puri din punct de vedere genetic ", + "B. fiecare caracter ereditar e determinat de un factor distinct, aflat \u00eentr -un exemplar \u00een celulele somatice ", + "C. \u00een dihibridare raportul de segregare \u00een F2 este 9:3:3:1 pentru dou\u0103 perechi de caractere ", + "D. \u00eentr -un gamet se afl\u0103 un singur factor ereditar dintr -o pereche " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmalema spre deosebire de peretele celular :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. permite transportul unor substan\u021be ", + "B. confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la factorii de mediu ", + "C. prezint\u0103 o gam\u0103 divers\u0103 de receptori ", + "D. previne citoliza \u00een celula animal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Grupa de s\u00e2nge O(I) :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. nu con\u021bine antigene pe hematii ", + "B. are anticorpi pe eritrocite ", + "C. aglutineaz\u0103 la contact cu ser anti -A ", + "D. aglutineaz\u0103 la contact cu ser anti -B " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Lipide din structura organismelor vii sunt :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. fosfolipidele, celuloza, fructoza ", + "B. chitina, clorofila, glicogenul ", + "C. cerurile, steroizii, fosfolipidele ", + "D. galactoza, celuloza, amidonul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celule binucleate sunt prezente \u00een :", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. hepatocite ", + "B. fibra muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 ", + "C. eritrocite adulte ", + "D. bacterii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "ARN -ul spre deosebire de ADN :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine guanina care formeaz\u0103 pun\u021bi de hidrogen cu citozina ", + "B. con\u021bine glucidul caracteristic - dezoxiriboza ", + "C. are \u00een structura sa un rest de acid fosforic ", + "D. intr\u0103 \u00een structura ribozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen mitocondrii :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. membrana extern\u0103 mitocondrial\u0103 are criste ", + "B. se formeaz\u0103 38 moli de ATP dintr -o molecul\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 ", + "C. au fost descrise enzime detoxifiante ", + "D. matrixul con\u021bine enzime, ADN, ARN, ribozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele sunt :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. imunoglobuline \u2013 constituente ale unor s ubstructuri celulare ", + "B. rezultate prin polimerizarea aminoacizilor ", + "C. riboza \u0219i dezoxiriboza din acizii nucleici ", + "D. substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 la plante \u0219i animale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celula procariot\u0103, spre deosebire de celula eucariot\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 cromozomii pereche dispersa\u0163i \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "B. con\u0163ine ribozomi f\u0103r\u0103 membran\u0103 proprie, forma\u0163i din ARN \u015fi proteine ", + "C. prezint\u0103 un \u00eenveli\u015f capsular - compus din polizaharide \u015fi glicoproteine ", + "D. prezint\u0103 organite nedelimitate de membran\u0103 proprie, cu excep\u021bia tilacoidel or \u0219i nucleoidului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Avantajele folosirii musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet ca material de studiu \u00een cercet\u0103rile genetic e sunt:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. prolificitate mare \u0219i num\u0103r mare de cromozomi ", + "B. durata scurt\u0103 a unui ciclu de via\u021b\u0103 \u2013 sub \u0219apte zile ", + "C. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor politeni \u00een glandele salivare ale adul\u021bilor ", + "D. un num\u0103r mare de forme mutante \u2013 peste 500 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Miofibrilele din celulele musculare striate prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bin dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente proteice contractile, organizate \u00een centromere ", + "B. prezint\u0103 fiecare un num\u0103r dublu de miofilamente groase, comparativ cu cele sub\u021biri ", + "C. con\u021bin miofilamente sub\u021biri de actin\u0103 \u0219i miof ilamente groase de miozin\u0103 ", + "D. realizeaz\u0103 contrac\u021bi a muscular \u0103, prin glisarea miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 printre cele de miozin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. con\u0163in ADN, ARN \u015fi lizozomi de tip procariot ", + "B. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea tuturor celulelor vegetale eucariote ", + "C. sunt prezente \u00een toate celulele eucariote oxibionte ", + "D. prezint\u0103 membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 \u015fi material genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi dintr -o celul\u0103 uman\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. polimerizeaz\u0103 aminoacizii cu formare de enzime lizozomale \u0219i pectine ", + "B. de tipul leucocitului \u0219i hematiei adulte, intervine \u00een sinteza de enzime hidro litice lizozomale ", + "C. glandular\u0103 sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide importante \u00een formarea membranei \u0219i peretelui celular ", + "D. se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o interrela\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 cu organitele ce formeaz\u0103 sistemul circulator intracitoplasmatic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte cu privire la componentele protoplasmatice ale celulei eucariote:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. centromerul \u2013 are rol \u00een biogeneza fusului de diviziune \u0219i a citoscheletului ", + "B. incluziuni ergastice \u2013 acidul polibeta -hidroxibutiric este o substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ", + "C. condriomul, ca \u0219i plastidomul \u2013 se mo\u0219tene\u0219te pe linie matern\u0103 \u0219i se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", + "D. peroxizomii \u2013 deriva\u021bi din dictiozomi \u0219i cu con\u021binut mare de enzime detoxifiante " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la carbohidra\u021bi:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. unele monozaharide cu 5 atomi de carbon intr\u0103 \u0219i \u00een structura acidului adenozintrifosf oric ", + "B. glicogenul \u0219i amidonul sunt polimeri ai glucozei la celulele vegetale ", + "C. substan\u021be specifice celulelor vegetale sunt: celuloza, amidonul \u0219i chitina ", + "D. dizaharidul fructoza, ca \u0219i lactoza, are \u00een compozi\u021bia sa o molecul\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Num\u0103rul de genotipuri (variante) posibile la game\u021bii de Drosophila melanogaster ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii intercromozomale este:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. 8 ", + "B. 16 ", + "C. 32 ", + "D. 64 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre tipuri de celule umane uninucleate \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bile morfo -fiziologice ale acestora :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. hematia adult\u0103 (2n = 46) - celul \u0103 discoidal\u0103 \u2013 transportul gazelor respiratorii ", + "B. neuronul (2n = 46 de autozomi) celula stelat\u0103 - conduc influxul nervos ", + "C. fibra musculare scheletic \u0103 (2n = 46) \u2013 celul \u0103 cilindric \u0103 - contrac\u021bie muscular\u0103 ", + "D. celule - ou (2n = 46 ) - celul\u0103 globular\u0103 - genereaz\u0103 prin diviziune mitotic\u0103 celulele fiice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing \u2013 over -ul are loc \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. cromatidele nesurori ale bivalen\u0163ilor; ", + "B. cromozomii neomologi \u0219i mono cromatidici; ", + "C. cromatidele surori ale unui cromozom bicromatidic; ", + "D. cromozomii monocromatidici anafazici. " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite celulare con\u021bin magneziu:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. nucleul \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a cromatinei ", + "B. peroxizomii \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a ADN -ului ", + "C. citoplasma \u2013 sub form\u0103 de ioni minerali ", + "D. cloroplastele \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a clorofilelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele procariote prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. flageli sau cili cu microtubuli \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenveli\u015f membranar ", + "B. evagina\u021bii membranare sub form\u0103 de mezozomi ", + "C. citoplasma lipsit\u0103 de curen\u021bi citoplasmatici \u0219i de citoschelet ", + "D. metabolism foarte intens datorit\u0103 valorii sc\u0103zute a raportului suprafa\u021b\u0103 -volum " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 a fost descris\u0103 la:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Mirabilis jalapa ", + "B. Antirrhinum majus ", + "C. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia ", + "D. Pisum sativum " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Eritrocitele mature ale mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. au mitocondrii \u0219i R.E.G ", + "B. prezint\u0103 centrozomi \u00een structura lor ", + "C. con\u021bin un set haploid de cromozomi ", + "D. con\u021bin o heteroprotein\u0103 cu fier \u0219i sunt anucleate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Indentifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. prin exocitoz\u0103 se internalizeaz\u0103 din celul\u0103 hormoni proteici \u0219i steroizi ", + "B. prin endocitoz\u0103 p\u0103trund macromolecule \u00een celulele procariote ", + "C. bistratul fosfolipidic permite pasajul liber al ionilor de Na+ \u00een afara celulei ", + "D. prin endocitoz\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 vezicule de tipul fagozomi lor \u0219i pino zomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind pere\u021bii celulari la eucariote :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 pori numi\u021bi punctua\u021biuni care sunt traversa\u021bi de plasmodesme ", + "2. contribuie la solidarizarea celulelor \u00een \u021besuturi specializate ", + "3. au \u00een compozi\u021bie polizaharide cu structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103 ", + "4. sunt cimenta\u021bi \u00eempreun\u0103 de lamela mijlocie format\u0103 din pectine " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleolii :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. sunt delimita\u021bi printr -o membran\u0103 de nucleoplasm\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bin ADN, ARN, proteine \u0219i agregate nucleoproteice ", + "3. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul telofazei ", + "4. au rol \u00een biogen eza ribozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bii le adev\u0103rate :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. transmiterea eredit\u0103\u021bii extranucleare a fost studiat\u0103 de C. Correns ", + "2. mitocondriile \u0219i cloroplastele se transmit numai pe linie matern\u0103 ", + "3. producerea de polen nefunc\u021bional este afec\u021biune transmis\u0103 extranuclear ", + "4. \u00een celule canceroase s -au identificat anomalii structurale \u0219i func\u021bionale ale ADNm t " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Care din urm\u0103to arele organite con\u021bin ribozomi :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. citoplasma ", + "2. mitocondria ", + "3. dictiozomii ", + "4. cloroplastul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "ATP (adenozintrifosfat) este:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. o molecul\u0103 folosit\u0103 pentru realizarea diverselor procese fiziologice ", + "2. substan\u021b\u0103 produs\u0103 doar prin reac\u021bii de reducere a carbohidra\u021bilor ", + "3. o nucleotid\u0103 ce con\u021bine adenin\u0103 , pentoz\u0103 \u0219i trei radicali fosfat ", + "4. energie car e se pierde sub form\u0103 de energie caloric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele musculare striate spre deosebire de neuroni:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 miofibrile, organite comune ce reprezint\u0103 suportul morfologic al contrac\u021biei ", + "2. au un nucleu bine individualizat, cu membran\u0103 nuclear\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", + "3. con\u0163in miofibrile \u0219i corpusculi Nissl ca organite celulare specifice ", + "4. au miofibrile alc\u0103tuite din miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u0219i miofilamente de miozin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anafaza I a meiozei spre deosebire de anafaza mitozei :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. cromozomi monocromatidici migreaz\u0103 spre polii celulei ", + "2. fusul de diviziune con\u021bine fibre polare \u0219i kinetocorale ", + "3. filamentele fusu lui de diviziune sunt constituite din microtubuli ", + "4. migreaz\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ce pot fi recombina\u021bi prin crossing -over " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. tilacoidele cloroplastelor con\u021bin pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi, mai ales clorofil\u0103 ", + "2. lizozomii sunt organite veziculare cu rol \u00een biosinteza polizaharidelor ", + "3. vacuolele, delimitate de tonoplast, au rol important \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 ", + "4. ribozomii au rol \u00een degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a substan\u021belor exogene \u0219i endogene " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite celulare au o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. aparat Golgi, cloroplast, lizozom, condriom ", + "2. ribozom, reticul endoplasmatic, lizozom ", + "3. vacuol\u0103, centrozom, peroxizom, mitocondrie ", + "4. reticul endoplasmatic, lizozom, vacuol\u0103, dictiozom " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la determinismul genetic al grupelor sanguine la om:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. unele gene determin\u0103 sinteza de anticorpi ata\u0219a\u021bi de membrana eritrocitelor ", + "2. genele recesive determin\u0103 sinteza de antigene plasmatice ", + "3. grupa de s\u00e2nge O(I) p oate avea \u0219i genotip heterozigot ", + "4. genele LA \u0219i LB determin\u0103 fenomenul de codominan\u021b\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Tetradele cromozomiale :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. apar \u00een profaza mitozei ", + "2. se mai numesc bivalen\u021bi ", + "3. sunt cromozomi neomologi ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 cromozomi recombina\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Forma s\u0103lbatic\u0103 la Drosophila melanogaster (musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet) prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. aripi vestigiale, corp gri, ochi cafenii ", + "2. aripi vestigiale, corp negru, ochi albi ", + "3. aripi normale, corp negru, ochi cafenii ", + "4. aripi normale, corp gri, ochi ro\u0219ii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Meioza II ca \u0219i mitoza:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. este o diviziune reduc\u021bional\u0103 ", + "2. este o diviziune ecva\u021bional\u0103 ", + "3. prezint\u0103 \u201cdansul cromozomilor\u201d ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 cromozomi monocromatidici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Difuzia :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. este facilitat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea temperaturii ", + "2. se realizeaz\u0103 pe seama energiei cinetice a moleculelor ", + "3. este avantajat\u0103 de dimensiunile mici ale moleculelor ", + "4. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cu consum de energie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Glicocalix -ul:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. este un \u00eenveli\u0219 caracteristic celulei eucariote ", + "2. con\u021bine capsula bacterian\u0103 \u0219i un mucus din polizaha ride ", + "3. este organizat dup\u0103 modelul mozaicului fluid ", + "4. confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la ap\u0103rarea imun\u0103 a gazdei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleosomul, spre deosebire de ribozom:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. este o particul\u0103 dezoxiribonucleoproteic\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bine proteine \u0219i acid ribonucleic ", + "3. reprezint\u0103 unitatea repetitiv\u0103 a fibrei de cromatin\u0103 ", + "4. este conectat de nucleosomul adiacent prin ARN ,,linker \u201d " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre peretele celular al celulei vegetale, putem afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. lamela mijlocie \u2013 cimenteaz\u0103 celulele vecine \u00eentre ele ", + "2. peretele celular secundar \u2013 ader\u0103 la membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i la lamela mijlocie ", + "3. peretele celular primar - constituit \u00een principal din celuloz\u0103, hemiceluloz\u0103 \u0219i pectine ", + "4. este format din polizaharide \u2013 celuloz\u0103, chitin\u0103, lignin\u0103, suberin\u0103, etc . " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Indica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre polimeri i organici \u0219i caracteristicile acestora:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. glicogenul - forma de depozitare a glucozei la om, animale \u0219i bacterii ", + "2. aminoacizii - reprezint\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bile structurale ale proteinelor ", + "3. chitina - polizaharid - formeaz\u0103 exoscheletul insectelor \u0219i peretele celular al fungilor ", + "4. glucoza - hexoz\u0103 - substrat important energetic pentru celulele musculare \u0219i nervoase " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fotosintez\u0103 putem afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. are loc \u00een cloroplastele plantelor verzi \u0219i a algelor albastre -verzi ", + "2. presupune sinteza de oxigen din dioxid de carbon , \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 ", + "3. \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric, substan\u021ba care se oxideaz\u0103 \u00een stroma cloroplastului este dioxidul de carbon ", + "4. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de prezen\u021ba pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori, prezen\u021bi \u00een membranele tilacoidale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la microtubuli:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. cei din structura cen triolilor - controleaz\u0103 anumite faze ale diviziunii celulare ", + "2. sunt compu\u0219i din proteine globulare numite tubuline, dispuse \u00een form\u0103 de cilindru ", + "3. num\u0103rul celor din corpusculul bazal este egal cu num\u0103rul celor din centriol ", + "4. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een cilii \u0219i fl agelii celulelor mobile procariote \u0219i eucariote " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Masculul de Drosophila melano gaster se deosebe\u0219te de femel\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. prezen\u021ba unor peri \u00een form\u0103 de pieptene la nivelul primei perechi de membre ", + "2. dimensiunile mai reduse ale corpului \u0219i prin abdomenul mai alungit ", + "3. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor sexuali de tipul XY (sex heterogametic) ", + "4. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor uria\u0219i \u00een celulele glandelor salivare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Particulele ribonucleoproteice din celula eucariot\u0103, au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. intervin \u00een sinteza proteinelor de export \u015fi a enzimelor lizozomale ", + "2. sunt lipsite de membran\u0103 proprie, ca \u015fi centrozomul plantelor superioare ", + "3. sintetize az\u0103 anticorpi, hormoni proteici \u0219i enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare ", + "4. sunt alc\u0103tuite din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u0163i inegale , formate din proteine \u0219i ARN " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Energia rezultat\u0103 \u00een urma respira\u021bie i celulare, poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. conducerea impulsului nervos, facilitat\u0103 \u0219i de neurofibrile ", + "2. biosinteza de proteine , la nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic granular ", + "3. biosinteza de lipide , la nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic neted ", + "4. contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103, prin glisarea miofilamentelor de miozin\u0103 printre cele de ac tin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103 a meiozei prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een profaza I - are loc crossing -over-ul \u00eentre cromozomii omologi materni \u0219i paterni ", + "2. presupune reducerea setului diploid de cromozomi la setul haploid ", + "3. au loc procesele de recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 \u0219i intercromozomal\u0103 ", + "4. \u00een metafaza I \u2013 tetradele cromozomale recombinate se dispun \u00een plan ecuatorial " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "ADN -ul mitoc ondrial :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. este de tip procariot, ca \u0219i ADN -ul cloroplastic ", + "2. determin\u0103 ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", + "3. confer \u0103 capacitate de diviziune mitocondriei ", + "4. este responsabil de sinteza moleculelor de ADP - prin glicoliz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 grupa de s\u00e2nge a mamei este A (II) genotip heterozigo t, iar grupa de s\u00e2nge a tat\u0103lui este B (III) genotip heterozigot, copiii pot avea grupa de s\u00e2nge :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. O (I) ", + "2. A (II) ", + "3. B (III) ", + "4. AB (IV) " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Consider\u00e2nd c\u0103 o hematie adult\u0103 uman\u0103 este plasat\u0103 \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hiperosmotic\u0103 , stabili\u021bi modific\u0103rile morfoanatomice \u0219i/sau fiziologice suferite de c\u0103tre aceasta :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. apa difuz eaz\u0103 din celul \u0103 \u00een solutia extracelular\u0103 \u0219i are loc fenomenul de citoliz\u0103 sau hemoliz\u0103 ", + "2. are loc fenomenul de plasmoliz \u0103 prin pierderea apei prin osmoz\u0103, volumul intracitoplasmatic scade ", + "3. apa iese din celul \u0103, membrana citoplasmatic\u0103 se retrage \u00eempreun\u0103 cu con\u0163inutul celular spre nucleu, celula mic\u015for\u00e2ndu -\u015fi volumul ", + "4. apa din citoplasm\u0103 difuzeaz\u0103 , prin plasmalema semiperm eabil\u0103 , \u00een solu\u0163ia extracelular\u0103 , produc \u00e2ndu-se deshidratarea celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la aspectele structurale ale organitel or celulare cu membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos realizeaz\u0103 sinteza proteinelor ", + "2. mitocondriile con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare, ADN \u0219i ARN ", + "3. dictiozomii au rol \u00een biosinteza polizaharidelor \u0219i \u00een asamblarea lipidelor cu proteinele ", + "4. vacuolele prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast \u0219i un suc vacuolar concentrat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Hialoplasma celulelor eucariote din:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. semin\u021bele negerminate , se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel ", + "2. punct de vedere fizic , este un sistem coloidal ", + "3. celulele cu metabolism intens , se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol ", + "4. mu\u0219chi , descompune aerob monozaharidul glucoza " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi bazele azotate care intr\u0103 \u00een structura nucleotidelor cu zahar de tip riboz\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. adenina \u0219i guanina ", + "2. adenina \u0219i uracilul ", + "3. guanina \u0219i uracilul ", + "4. uracilul \u0219i citozina " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. cheratina -oase ", + "B. actina - unghii ", + "C. albumina -ou ", + "D. colagen -s\u00e2nge " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. genele mitocondriale din nucleu sunt inactive ", + "B. ADNmt este mai stabil dec\u00e2t ADN cloroplastic ", + "C. cromozomul mitocondrial la om c on\u021bine 100.000 de gene ", + "D. replicarea ADNcloroplastic depinde de ADN -ul nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Heterozomul Y :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet, caracterizeaz\u0103 sexul masculin \u0219i apar\u021bine perechii a IV a de cromozomi ", + "B. la p\u0103s\u0103ri, caracterizeaz\u0103 sexul feminin la fel ca la mamifere \u0219i ca la insect ele diptere ", + "C. la mamifere, con\u021bine gene care determin\u0103 sexul masculin \u0219i apari\u021bia p\u0103rului pe marginea urechii ", + "D. la reptile, con\u021bine gene care se manifest\u0103 prin homozig o\u021bie \u0219i determin\u0103 sexul feminin " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii Nissl :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. se afl\u0103 doar \u00een corpul celular \u0219i \u00een axonul neuronal ", + "B. au rol \u00een metabolismul celulelor nervoase ", + "C. sunt aparate Golgi modificate structural ", + "D. au aspect granular \u00een celulele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen telofaza I meiotic\u0103 spre deosebire de telofaza mitotic\u0103 :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomii sunt monocromatidici ", + "B. fusul de diviziune se dezorganizeaz\u0103 ", + "C. cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u0219i recombina\u021bi ", + "D. membrana nuclear\u0103 se organizeaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen deplasmoliz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. are loc ofilirea plantelor ", + "B. se m\u0103re\u0219te volumul vacuolar ", + "C. iese apa din celul\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 ", + "D. se pierde turgesc en\u021ba celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Melanismul industrial apare la :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. fluturele Biston betularia ", + "B. iepurii de Himalaya ", + "C. Drosophila melanogaster ", + "D. rasele de oi Ancona " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Transmitere heterozomal recesiv\u0103 prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. albinismul \u0219i daltonismul ", + "B. rahitismul \u0219i fenilcetonuria ", + "C. hemofilia \u0219i galactozemia ", + "D. distrofia muscular\u0103 progresiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Algele ro\u0219ii con\u021bin \u00een rhodoplaste :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. pigmenul clorofilian a \u0219i fucoxantina ", + "B. clorofila a, clorofila c \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 ", + "C. pigmen\u021bi ficobilinici \u0219i clorofila b ", + "D. clorofil\u0103 a, ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Blefaroplastul :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. este flagelul propriu -zis al algelor ", + "B. coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea flagelului ", + "C. are o structur\u0103 miofibrilar\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 ", + "D. prezint\u0103 axonema cu 20 de fibrile periferice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Centriolii \u0219i nucleolii :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul profazei ", + "B. sunt componente ale celulei animale ", + "C. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", + "D. se replic\u0103 la \u00eenceputul profazei mitotice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fagocitoza:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. conduce la formarea unei vezicule fagocitice ce va fuziona cu un lizozom ", + "B. este un proces de permea\u021bie reali zat cu ajutorul pseudopodelor ", + "C. const\u0103 \u00een fuzionarea cu membrana a unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", + "D. necesit\u0103 participarea pseudopodelor unor celule procariote " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Eucariotele spre deosebire de procariote au:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. citoschelet format din microtubuli si microfilame nte ", + "B. un raport mai mare suprafa\u021b\u0103/volum ", + "C. particule ribonucleoproteice lipsite de membran\u0103 ", + "D. incluziuni acumulate \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul sexelor este:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomal de tip Abraxas , la hamei ", + "B. cu heterozomi multipli la albine ", + "C. cromozomal de tip Drosophila , la spanac ", + "D. cu masculi haploizi la roz\u0103toare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre heteroproteine \u0219i localizarea acestora :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. nucleoproteinele din serul sanguin ", + "B. keratinele din p\u0103r ", + "C. cazeina din lapte ", + "D. hemoglobina din acizii nucleici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cauza apari\u021biei speciilor de plante poliploide poate fi reprezentat\u0103 de :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. blocarea cromozomilor \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", + "B. hibridarea spontan\u0103 \u0219i transloca\u021bii autozomale ", + "C. m\u0103rirea volumului nucleului ", + "D. nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Citomembranele:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eempiedic\u0103 interferen\u021ba unor reac\u021bii chimice simultane deoarece delimiteaz\u0103 organite ", + "B. genereaz\u0103 spre exterior plasmalema \u0219i spre interior citoplasma fundamental\u0103 ", + "C. delimiteaz\u0103 partea nestructurat\u0103 (granuloplasma), reprezentat\u0103 de organitele celulare ", + "D. reprezint\u0103 biomembra nele, prezente sub forma unei re\u021bele proteice tridimensionale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Componentele neprotoplasmatice sunt:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. forma\u021biuni celulare din afara protoplastului ", + "B. granule de amidon \u0219i aleuron\u0103, cristale minerale ", + "C. structuri nevii, caracteristice mai ales celulelor animale ", + "D. toate organitele celulare delimitate de membrane " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Este o form\u0103 artificial\u0103 amfiploid\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. hexaploid\u0103 - Triticum aestivum ( 2n = 42) ", + "B. triploid\u0103 \u2013 sfecla de zah\u0103r ( 2n = 39) ", + "C. octoploid\u0103 \u2013 Triticale ( 2n = 56 ) ", + "D. diploid\u0103 \u2013 secara ( 2n = 28 ) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarea eroare cromozomal\u0103 poate fi identificat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. idio\u021bia maurotic\u0103 ", + "B. spina bifid\u0103 ", + "C. leucodistrofia metacromatic\u0103 ", + "D. histidinemia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Microfibrilele din peretele celulelor eucariote pot fi formate din:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u021be pectice ", + "B. murein\u0103 ", + "C. chitin\u0103 ", + "D. suberine " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Plasmalema la bacterii:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. poate suferi deform\u0103ri ample necesare proceselor de citoz\u0103 ", + "B. are structur\u0103 de \u201dmozaic fluid\u201d \u00een care proteinele sunt distribuite uniform ", + "C. prezint\u0103 un bistrat lipidic cu rol de barier\u0103 pentru ioni \u0219i substan\u021be lipofile ", + "D. poate invagina f orm\u00e2nd un pliu cu rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Hialoplasma celulelor vegetale:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. coaguleaz\u0103 reversibil la temperaturi mai mari de 50oC ", + "B. prezint\u0103 curen\u021bi \u00een interiorul vacuolelor ", + "C. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol \u00een semin\u021bele germinate ", + "D. con\u021bine o re\u021bea lax\u0103 de microtubuli \u0219i microfilamente " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondriile se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. reac\u0163ii de oxidare consumatoare de ATP ", + "B. continuitate genetic\u0103 de la o genera\u021bie celular\u0103 la alta ", + "C. tilacoide de form\u0103 lamelar\u0103 sau tubular\u0103 ", + "D. membran\u0103 extern\u0103 permeabil\u0103 \u0219i energizant\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 dintre faza diviziunii \u015fi aspectul cromozomilor:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. anafaza II - cromozomi bicromatidici spiraliza\u0163i ", + "B. profaza I - cromozomi monocromatidici spiraliza\u0163i ", + "C. telofaza II -cromozomi bicromatidici despiraliza\u0163i ", + "D. perioada G 1 - cromozomi mon ocromatidici despiraliza\u0163i " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Secven\u021ba de de zoxiribonucleotide \u00een care prima \u015fi ultima nucleotid\u0103 sunt de tip purinic, a doua \u015fi a treia nucleotid\u0103 sunt de tip pirimidinic este:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. GCUA ", + "B. ATCG ", + "C. CAGU ", + "D. TAG A " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de crossing -over la eucariote:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. explic\u0103 apari\u021bia de gene noi la descenden\u021b ii rezulta\u021bi ", + "B. are loc \u00eentre cromozomii \u00een proces de de spiraliza re ai bivalent ului ", + "C. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit exclusiv \u00een timpul desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii meiozei ", + "D. are drept rezultat formarea unor cromozomi recombina\u021bi genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "O consecin\u021b \u0103 a dele\u021biei unui segment din bra\u021bul cromozomului 1 la om este:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. anomalia degetelor picioarelor ", + "B. moartea programat\u0103 genetic ", + "C. dezvoltare anormal\u0103 a mamelelor ", + "D. anomalia coardelor vocale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Heterocromatina este:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. zona din ADN care se coloreaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens ", + "B. cromatina r\u0103sucit\u0103 din regiunile cu aspect mai dens ", + "C. zona cu instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza proteinelor celulare ", + "D. cromatin a organizat\u0103 nucleosom al din regiunea mai lax\u0103 a acesteia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u201dUzinele energetice\u201d ale celulei:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. au fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl \u00een 1904 ", + "B. con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime implicate \u00een ciclul Krebs ", + "C. sunt specializate pentru liza unor organite uzate ", + "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een fibrele musculare striate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 cloroplastic\u0103 se poate eviden\u021bia la nivelul frunzelor de :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. primul\u0103 ", + "2. gura -leului ", + "3. porumb ", + "4. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Actinele dintr -o miofibril\u0103 sunt :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. a\u0219ezate hexagonal \u00een jurul miozinei ", + "2. implicate \u00een contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103 ", + "3. ni\u0219te miofilamente proteice sub\u021biri ", + "4. dispuse \u00een tre 6 miozine a\u0219ezate periferic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi este :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. implicat \u00een formarea peretelui celular la ciuperci ", + "2. o structur\u0103 care produce substan\u021be polizaharidice ", + "3. alc\u0103tuit din teancuri de cisterne suprapuse ", + "4. a\u0219ezat periferic l\u00e2ng\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Acizii nucleici :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. sunt macromolecule polipeptidice ", + "2. con\u021bin informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 ", + "3. con\u021bin zaharuri hexozice ", + "4. sunt lan\u021buri de nucleotide " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Interac\u021biune alelic\u0103 cu exprimare diferit\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 apare \u00een :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. semidominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "2. supradominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. codominan\u021b\u0103 ", + "4. heterozis " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Acela\u0219i gen de interac\u021biune alelic\u0103 apare la :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia \u0219i la Mirabilis jalapa ", + "2. oile Karakul brum\u0103rii \u0219i gura -leului ", + "3. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului \u0219i la Zea Mays ", + "4. crapii oglind\u0103 \u0219i la iepurii de Himalaya " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Paramecii killer :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin particule kappa ", + "2. con\u021bin simbion\u021bi eucario\u021bi ", + "3. produc paramecin\u0103 ", + "4. sunt parameci de tip sensibil " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Anomalie genic\u0103 autozomal\u0103 dominant\u0103 este :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. hemofilia ", + "2. prognatismul ", + "3. mongolismul ", + "4. sindactilia " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Un individ afectat de dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt a unui cromozom din perechea 5 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. bra\u021be scurte ", + "2. microcefalie ", + "3. cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 ", + "4. \u021bip\u0103t tipic la na\u0219tere " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Stroma cloroplastului :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine enzime necesare desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii ciclului Calvin ", + "2. este sediul reac\u021biilor de oxidoreducere ale fotolizei ", + "3. con\u021bine plasmagene \u0219i factori care le asigur\u0103 replicarea ", + "4. cuprinde un aparat genetic de tip eucariot " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 etape normale \u00een cadrul c\u0103ii metabolice a fenilalaninei :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. transformarea fenilalaninei \u00een tirozin\u0103 ", + "2. ob\u021binerea melaninei din tirozin\u0103 ", + "3. sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni ", + "4. conversia fenilalaninei \u00een acid fenilpiruvic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Pot constitui modalit\u0103\u021bi naturale de eliminare a genelor mutante:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. condi\u021bia heterozigot\u0103 a unor gene recesive ", + "2. procesul reparator al leziunilor din ADN ", + "3. terapia genic\u0103 de \u00eenlocuire a genelor \u201drele\u201d ", + "4. moartea celular\u0103 programat\u0103 genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Testul cromatinei sexuale este negativ la:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. b\u0103rba\u021bii cu sindrom Patau ", + "2. indivizii cu monosomie heterozomal\u0103 ", + "3. femeile cu sindrom Turner ", + "4. sexul heterogametic de tip Drosophila " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Difuzia facilitat\u0103 spre deosebire de difuzie:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. se realizeaz\u0103 cu consum de energie ", + "2. are loc \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", + "3. se realizeaz\u0103 prin bistratul lipidic membranar ", + "4. necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba proteinelor transportoare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Linkage -ul presupune:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. transmiterea \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buit\u0103 a genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", + "2. segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de gene ", + "3. p\u0103strarea integrit\u0103\u021bii structurale a cromozomilor ", + "4. transmiterea \u00een bloc a unor gene din cromozomi diferi\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Heterozomii unui b\u0103rbat cu complement crom ozomial normal au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 o constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul scurt ", + "2. con\u021bin gene cu importan\u021b\u0103 vital\u0103 pentru om ", + "3. dezvolt\u0103 un locus pentru gena galactozemiei ", + "4. au kinetocorii la nivelul constric\u021bi ilor primar e " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "C\u00e2nepa:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. este o plant \u0103 unisexuat\u0103 dioic\u0103, la fel ca porumbul ", + "2. de var\u0103 se maturizeaz\u0103 mai timpuriu si are heterozomii XX ", + "3. prezint\u0103 diferen\u021be numerice \u00eentre heterozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe ", + "4. are un determinism genetic al sexelor identic cu al mamiferelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre Drosophila m elanogaster se pot afirma urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. genele vg \u0219i b sunt plasate \u00een perechea a II - a de cromozomi ", + "2. cromozomii sexului sunt reprezenta\u021bi de perechea a IV - a ", + "3. mutanta eyeless are doar un cromozom \u00een perechea a IV - a ", + "4. are un num\u0103r de grupe de linkage egal cu num\u0103rul de cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular primar, spre deosebire de cel secundar:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. se formeaz\u0103 primul dup\u0103 diviziunea celulei ", + "2. poate con\u021bine lignine, ceruri, suberine, cutine, etc. ", + "3. este mai sub\u021bire, mai elastic \u0219i mai pu\u021bin rigid ", + "4. este \u00een contact direct cu citoplasma celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre prognatism este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. s- a transmis \u00een casa regal\u0103 spaniol\u0103 ", + "2. gena se manifest\u0103 obligatoriu \u00een fenotip ", + "3. s- a transmis \u00een familia imperial\u0103 habsburgic\u0103 ", + "4. este un caracter autozomal dominant " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dictiozomii din celulele animale:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. genereaz\u0103 vezicule cu rol \u00een transportul intracelular ", + "2. sunt forma\u021bi din cisterne sau vezicule aplatizate ", + "3. transform\u0103 substan\u021be sintetizate de reticulul endoplasmatic ", + "4. sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide pentru biogeneza peretelui celular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Poate fi o caracteristic\u0103 a reticulului endoplasmatic:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. particip\u0103 la diferen\u021bierea vacuomului ", + "2. con\u021bine substan\u021b e \u00een continu\u0103 mi\u0219care ", + "3. are rol \u00een metabolismul glicogenului ", + "4. este bine dezvoltat \u00een hem atiile mature " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii lui Palade:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. se pot fixa pe membranele unor componente celulare ", + "2. se asociaz\u0103 cu ARNm \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", + "3. particip\u0103 la sinteza proteinelor celulare specifice ", + "4. sunt forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi egale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibra elementar\u0103 de cromatin\u0103:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. este un cromozom puternic despiralizat ", + "2. are ca unitate structural\u0103 nucleosomul ", + "3. se dubleaz\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", + "4. se observ\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mitocondria \u0219i celula bacterian\u0103 prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. o membran\u0103 cu rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103 ", + "2. ADN dublu catenar liniar complexat cu histone ", + "3. un \u00eenveli\u0219 dublu care permite schimbul de substan\u021be ", + "4. \u00eenmul\u021bire prin diviziune indirect\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cu ajutorul substan\u021belor cu ac\u021biune statmochinetic\u0103 se pot ob\u021bine:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. aneuploizi ", + "2. autopoliploizi ", + "3. transpozoni ", + "4. poliploizi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Este caracteristic\u0103 a fenilcetonuriei:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. frecven\u021ba de 7 ori mai mare \u00een izolatele cu consangvinizare ", + "2. incapacitatea de a transforma tirozina \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", + "3. urina p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een contact cu aerul devine brun\u0103 \u0219i cu miros nepl\u0103cut ", + "4. deficitul de acid fenilpiruvic, din cauza elimin\u0103rii lui \u00een urin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Formele poliploide pot prezenta:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. meioz\u0103 cu multivalen\u021bi \u0219i univalen\u021bi - la poliploizii de dat\u0103 recent\u0103 ", + "2. genomuri provenite de la specii diferite \u2013 la Tritic ale ", + "3. sterilitate la formele triplode \u2013 la bananier, strugurii f\u0103r\u0103 sem in\u021be ", + "4. fertilitate \u0219i prolificitate \u00eenalte \u2013 la Triticum aestivum " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul cromozomal al sexului - cu femele heterogametice:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. este prezent la p\u0103s\u0103ri, reptile, Bombix mori, molie ", + "2. se realizeaz\u0103 cu heterozomi multipli la hamei ", + "3. asigur\u0103 sex ratio de 1:1 \u00een popula\u021bie ", + "4. este influen\u021bat de condi\u021biile de mediu la porumb " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Raportul de segregare fenotipic coincide cu raportul de segregare genotipic \u00een F1, \u00een cazul urm\u0103toarelor \u00eencruci\u0219\u0103ri :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. g\u0103in\u0103 de Andaluzia x coco\u0219 de Andaluzia ", + "2. maz\u0103re hibrid\u0103 cu bob galben \u0219i zb\u00e2rcit x maz\u0103re hibrid\u0103 cu bob verde \u0219i neted ", + "3. Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz x Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz ", + "4. \u0219oarece cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 x \u0219oarece cu blan\u0103 gri " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Polizaharid e sunt :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. gluteinele \u0219i chitina ", + "B. amidonul \u0219i colesterolul ", + "C. chitina \u0219i glicogenul ", + "D. celuloza \u0219i cazeina " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "ARN -ul:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. viral este materialul genetic al dezoxiribovirusurilor ", + "B. mesager copiaz\u0103 \u0219i transport\u0103 un mesaj genetic ", + "C. ribozomal formeaz\u0103 ribozomii, nucleolii \u0219i nucleosomii ", + "D. de transport aduce proteinele la polisomii citoplasmatici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Neurofibrilele spre deosebire de corpii Nissl:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. sunt implicate \u00een metabolismul neuronului ", + "B. au rolul de a consolid a citoscheletul ", + "C. sunt localizate doar \u00een corpul neuronului ", + "D. sunt mase compacte de ARN \u0219i proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen profaza mitotic\u0103 precum \u0219i \u00een cele dou\u0103 profaze meiotice:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. are loc procesul de crossing -over intercromozomal ", + "B. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune \u0219i nucleolii ", + "C. are loc spiralizarea cromozomilor bicromatidici ", + "D. exist\u0103 cromozomi dispu\u0219i \u00een perechi bivalente " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculul Barr:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este un heterozom heterocromatinizat specific sexului masculin cu 2n=46 ", + "B. apare \u00een dublu exemplar \u00een anomalii heterozomale cu doi heterozomi X ", + "C. caracterizeaz\u0103 b\u0103rba\u021bi trisomici cu ginecomastie \u0219i testicule atrofiate ", + "D. con\u021bine genele care se manifest\u0103 activ \u0219i determin\u0103 sexul feminin " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Osmoza:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. determin\u0103 pierderea turgescen\u021bei celulei aflate \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipoton\u0103 ", + "B. presupune difuzia apei prin membrana celular\u0103 fiind un proces activ ", + "C. determin\u0103 ofilirea plantelor deoarece m\u0103re\u0219te volumul vacuolar ", + "D. este un proces pasiv implicat \u00een plasmoliz a \u0219i deplasmoliz a celulei vegetale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centre dou\u0103 diviziuni mitotice succesive, nucleolii:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. sunt complet dezorganiza\u021bi ", + "B. au aspect granular \u00een centru ", + "C. sunt delimita\u021bi de membrane ", + "D. produc subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Albinismul \u0219i daltonismul :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. afecteaz\u0103 ambele sex e \u00een mod egal ", + "B. sunt maladii genice ereditare ", + "C. afecteaz\u0103 mai frecvent femeile ", + "D. sunt boli heterozomale recesive " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cromozomii politeni:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ale Drosophylei melanogaster adulte ", + "B. prezint\u0103 benzi longitudinale a c\u0103ror modificare este corelat\u0103 cu diferite muta\u021bii ", + "C. rezult\u0103 prin clivarea normal\u0103 a centromerului \u00een diviziun ile celulelor glandelor salivare ", + "D. se numesc cromozomi uria\u0219i \u0219i au lungime total\u0103 de aproximativ 1180 micrometri " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. fitosterolii - ceride de la suprafa\u021ba fructelor ", + "B. melanina - pigment prezent \u00een hipoderm ", + "C. prolamine - proteine din semin\u021bele cerealelor ", + "D. keratina - glucid prezent \u00een unghii, p\u0103r, pene " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cloroplastele:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. au rol \u00een ereditatea nuclear\u0103 \u0219i extranuclear\u0103 ", + "B. sunt componente ale celulelor fungale ", + "C. con\u021bin unele metale \u00een stroma ", + "D. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune indirect\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmugurire " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. fuzioneaz\u0103 cu fagozomul \u0219i descarc\u0103 , \u00een el, enzime le hidrolitice con\u021binute ", + "B. sunt structuri cu membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 aflate \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een leucocite ", + "C. sunt impl ica\u021bi \u00een cadrul unor serii de reac\u021bii de oxido reducere la nivel celular ", + "D. degradeaz\u0103 enzimatic substan\u021be proprii celulelor prin procesul de heterofagie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul sexelor la c\u00e2nep\u0103 este cromozomal de tip:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Abraxas ", + "B. Protenor ", + "C. Drosophila ", + "D. fluture " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Procariotele:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. pot metaboliza detergen\u021bi, petrol, cauciuc ", + "B. con\u021bin ribozo mi foarte mici de 14 -23 microni ", + "C. dezvolt\u0103 un citoschelet proteic tridimensional ", + "D. sunt protejat e de o capsul \u0103 proteic\u0103 groas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. mitocondriile con\u021bin enzime \u0219i pigmen\u021bi asimilatori ", + "B. flagelii con\u021bin 18 perechi de microtubuli periferici ", + "C. vacuolele sunt mici \u0219i temporare \u00een celula vegetal\u0103 matur\u0103 ", + "D. ribozomii sunt mici structuri ribonucleoproteice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele poliedrice se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u00een:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. vasele conduc\u0103toare ale plantelor vasculare ", + "B. colonia de Pediastrum ", + "C. alga verde Chlamydomonas ", + "D. parenchimul asimilator " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege caracteristica corect\u0103 pentru interfaz \u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een nucleu au loc fenomene de transcriere \u0219i replicare ", + "B. \u00een perioada S se produc enzimele ADN -polimeraze ", + "C. \u00een perioada G1 are loc condensarea maxim\u0103 a cromozomilor ", + "D. durata ei este de aproximativ 10% din ciclul celular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Este caracteristic pentru semidominan\u021b\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. a fost descoperit\u0103 de geneticianul Lucien Cuenot la culoarea bl\u0103nii la \u0219oareci ", + "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin intensificarea \u00eensu\u0219irilor la hibrizii heterozigo\u021bi ", + "C. a fost descoperit\u0103 ini\u021bial de Carl Correns pentru culoarea florilor la Mirabilis jalapa ", + "D. este caracteristic\u0103 determinismului genetic al tipurilor de grupe sanguine " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Genele letale determin\u0103 :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. apari\u021bia fenomenului de heterozis ceea ce duce la dispari\u021bia indivizilor ", + "B. moartea embrionilor de \u0219oareci cu blan\u0103 de culoare cenu\u0219ie \u00eenainte de na\u0219tere ", + "C. blocarea sintezei clorofilei la porumb \u0219i supravie\u021buirea plantulelor albinotice ", + "D. moartea indivizilor atunci c\u00e2nd se afl\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 recesiv\u0103 sau dominat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Drosophila melanogaster :", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. are un ciclu de dezvoltare complet\u0103 care dureaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva luni ", + "B. prezint\u0103 muta\u021bii numeroase u\u0219or de observat \u0219i de identificat ", + "C. are un compleme nt cromozo mial haploid fo rmat din opt cromoz omi ", + "D. este prolific\u0103 depu n\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva zeci de ou\u0103 \u00een fiecare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen laborator, statmochineza se realizeaz\u0103 folosind o solu\u021bie de colchicin\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. 1% ", + "B. 10% ", + "C. 2% ", + "D. 20% " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selec teaz\u0103 afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la glicocalixul bacteriilor:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eempreun\u0103 cu mucusul formeaz\u0103 capsula ", + "B. este format din murein\u0103 \u0219i acoper\u0103 peretele celular ", + "C. men\u0163ine forma celulei eucariote \u00een condi\u021bii de usc\u0103ciune ", + "D. confer\u0103 bacteriilor o mai bun\u0103 capacitate de ata\u0219are la substrat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Femelele sunt heterogametice la :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Mus minutoides minutoides ", + "B. Bryonia dioica ", + "C. Bombyx mori ", + "D. Zea mays " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Select eaz\u0103 asocierea corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos - detoxifierea celulei ", + "B. dictiozomii plantelor - biogeneza peretelui celular ", + "C. lizozomii - producerea molecule lor de ATP ", + "D. amiloplastele - depozit area glicogen ului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la plantele de c\u00e2nep\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. forme az\u0103 inflorescen\u021be femele , toamna , pe indivizii de tip XX ", + "B. este o plant\u0103 monoic\u0103 care se poleniz eaz\u0103 cu ajutorul insecte lor ", + "C. au reprezentan\u021bi de sex masculin care produc un singur tip de game\u021bi ", + "D. formeaz\u0103 inflorescen\u021be mascule care se matureaz\u0103 toamn a " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La om, prin recombinare genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103 se produc:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. un num\u0103r de tipuri de indivizi egal cu num\u0103rul actual al popula\u021biei ", + "B. exact 8 388 608 de tipuri de descenden\u021bi dintr -o pereche uman\u0103 ", + "C. acela \u0219i num\u0103r de combina\u021bii genetice pentru oricare specie ", + "D. 246 combina\u021bii genetice diferite la formarea zigotului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Caracteristica comun\u0103 centriolilor \u0219i nucleolilor este :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 membrane celulare la periferia lor ", + "B. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een interfaza celul elor animale nucleate ", + "C. au activitate intens\u0103 pe toat\u0103 durata cariochinez ei ", + "D. devin mai eviden\u021bi \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Grupa D de cromozomi umani cuprinde :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. cromozomi scur\u021bi de tip metacentric ", + "B. perechile 16 -18 de cromozomi submetacentrici ", + "C. cromozomi acrocentrici cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", + "D. perechile 13 -16 de cromozomi acrocentrici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Tubulinele se formeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada interfazei:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. G1 (presintetic\u0103) ", + "B. S (de sintez\u0103) ", + "C. G2 (premitotic\u0103) ", + "D. \u00een toate cele trei perioade " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Iepurii de Himalaya \u0219i iepurii de tip chinchilla:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. pot avea \u00een genotip gene pe care iepurii albinotici nu le au ", + "2. au gene care apar\u021bin acelea\u0219i serii polialelice ", + "3. pot avea \u00een comun cu iepurii de tip s\u0103lbatic alela ch ", + "4. au blan\u0103 de culoare alb\u0103 cu negru , respectiv gri -bej " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "At\u00e2t sindromul Down c\u00e2t \u0219i sindromul Edwards:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin malforma\u021bii cardiace ", + "2. se pot recunoa\u0219te din cauza epicantusului ", + "3. sunt provocate de aneuploidii autozomale ", + "4. au inciden\u021ba la na\u0219tere de 1/600 -1/700 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. sorteaz\u0103, prelucreaz\u0103 \u0219i transloc\u0103 substan\u021be ", + "2. face conexiunea \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i plasmalem\u0103 ", + "3. produce enzime digestive la plantele carnivore ", + "4. con\u021bine un num\u0103r variabil de dictiozomi \u0219i ribozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Triticale:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. este un amfiploid natural ", + "2. a ap\u0103rut spontan \u00een Caucaz ", + "3. este un hexaploid cultivat ", + "4. are 2n = 8X = 56 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 apare \u00een transmiterea :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. culorii boabelor de maz\u0103re ", + "2. grupei de s\u00e2nge AB la om ", + "3. aspectul ui bobului de maz\u0103re ", + "4. culorii florii la barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Amidonul:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. este cea mai frecvent\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 depozitat\u0103 \u00een celulele vegetale ", + "2. apare sub form\u0103 de granule de forme \u0219i dimensiuni diferite ", + "3. este depozitat \u00een plastidele incolore - amiloplaste ", + "4. apare sub forma unor cristale anorganice solitare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Fenomenul de inversare a sexului la porumb:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. presupune apari\u021bia de boabe \u00een panicul ", + "2. poate fi provocat de anumite infec\u021bii virale ", + "3. presupune apari\u021bia de panicul \u00een v\u00e2rful \u0219tiuletelui ", + "4. poate fi provocat de cre\u0219terea umidit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i de lumina intens\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. este teza transmiterii \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buite a perechilor de gene ", + "2. poate avea loc la organsime homozigote \u0219i heterozigote ", + "3. conduce la formarea unor noi combina\u021bii de gene la homozigo\u021bi ", + "4. st\u0103 la baza diversific\u0103rii genotipice \u0219i fenotipice a organismelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La Humulus lupulus :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. plantele femele au 16 autozomi \u0219i 4 heterozomi(X 1X1X2X2) ", + "2. plantele femele au 16 autozomi \u0219i 2 heterozomi(X 1X2) ", + "3. plantele mascule au 16 autozomi \u0219i 4 heterozomi(X 1X2Y1Y2) ", + "4. plantele mascule au 16 autozomi \u0219i 2 heterozomi(XY) Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Determinismul sexelor este genic la :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. mamifere ", + "2. caras ", + "3. musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet ", + "4. porumb " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Specie alopoliploid\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. maz\u0103rea ", + "2. tutunul ", + "3. rostopasca ", + "4. gr\u00e2ul comun " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea/ asocierile corecte \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de cromozomi din celulele somatice:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. calul \u2013 64 cromozomi ", + "2. asinul \u2013 64 cromozomi ", + "3. asinul \u2013 62 cromozomi ", + "4. calul- 62 cromozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. la plantele de spanac, heterozomul Y apare la sexul masculin ", + "2. la om, heterozomul Y este acrocentric \u0219i prezint\u0103 sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021be ", + "3. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet, heterozomii apar\u021bin perechii I de cromozomi ", + "4. la insectele diptere \u0219i la fluturi , femelele au c\u00e2te doi heterozomi identici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Conversia genic\u0103 apare la ciuperci din genul:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Neurospora ", + "2. Saccharomyces ", + "3. Aspergillus ", + "4. Chlorella " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Primele forme mutante naturale descrise de c\u00e2teva sute de ani au fost:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. rostopasca cu frunze laciniate ", + "2. drosofilele cu ochi albi ", + "3. oile cu o coast\u0103 \u00een plus ", + "4. salc\u00e2mul monofil " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Filamentele kinetocorale :", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din microtubuli pe care se fixeaz\u0103 centromerii cromozomilor ", + "2. au rol \u00een separarea cromatidelor surori \u00een mitoz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een meioza I ", + "3. mijloc esc transportul seturilor omoloage de cromozomi spre polii celulei ", + "4. sunt implicate \u00een declan\u015farea diviziunii citoplasmei (citochineza) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "At\u00e2t mutantele \u201cpetite\u201d c\u00e2t \u0219i mutantele \u201dpoky\u201d :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. pot ap\u0103rea \u00een cadrul coloniilor de drojdie de bere ", + "2. afecte az\u0103 ritmul de cre\u0219tere al ciupercil or din genul Neurospora ", + "3. caracterizeaz\u0103 plantele de porumb heterozigote ", + "4. au deficien\u0163e respiratorii provocate de muta\u021bii ale genelor extranucleare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Paramecina este:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. un simbiont procariot intracitoplasmatic denumit Caedobacter teniospiralis ", + "2. produs\u0103 de indivizii rezisten\u0163i de tip \u201ckiller\u201d \u0219i transmis\u0103 prin conjugare indivizilor sensibili ", + "3. o substan\u021b\u0103 cu efect l etal asupra indivizilor care con\u021bin particule kappa ", + "4. produs\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba genei nucleare K pe baza informa\u0163iei genetice a particulelor kappa Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Peretele celular secundar, spre deosebire de cel primar:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. este mai compact \u0219i mai rigid din punct de vedere ultrastructural ", + "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u0163ierea citoplasmei la periferia celulei ", + "3. con\u0163ine sporopolenine, lignine, ce ruri, suberine, cutine ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziunea celulei vegetale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele receptori:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. catalizeaz\u0103 diferite reac\u0163ii chimice ", + "2. transmit semnale spre interiorul celulei ", + "3. recunosc celulele de acela\u015fi tip ", + "4. culeg informa\u0163ii din mediu " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Structurile celulei eucariote care con\u021bin informa\u021bii necesare sinteze lor proteice sunt:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondriile ", + "2. nucleii ", + "3. cloroplastele ", + "4. nucleoizii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prin \u00eencruci\u015fare \u00eentre organismele homozigote care se deosebesc prin trei perechi de caractere (AABBCC X aabbcc), \u00een F 1 rezult\u0103 o descenden\u0163\u0103 care este:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. fenotipic 100% hetero zigot\u0103 ", + "2. genotipic 100% triplu -heterozigot\u0103 ", + "3. genotip ic 50% homozigot\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", + "4. fenotipic identic\u0103 cu unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Natur\u0103 chimic\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 /predominant polizaharidic\u0103 are:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. peretele celular ", + "2. mucusul glicocalixului ", + "3. capsula unor procariote ", + "4. plasmalema eucariotelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristic e pentru Drosophila melanogaster :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. culoarea normal\u0103 a ochilor, ro\u015fu corai \u015fi cea a corpului, gri ", + "2. peste 500 de mutante, pentru \u00eensu\u0219irile fiziologice ", + "3. apari\u021bia mutantelor eyeless cu \u0219apte cromozomi ", + "4. manifestarea semidominan\u021be \u00een privin\u021ba culorii corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caractere determinate de gene dominante autozomale :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. polidactilia ", + "2. strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", + "3. prognatismul ", + "4. dolicocefalia " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber se transmite:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. mendelian ", + "2. matroclin ", + "3. sex -linkat ", + "4. non-mendelian " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. aneuploizilor ", + "2. game\u021bilor diploizi ", + "3. celulelor haploide ", + "4. poliploizilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cariotipul unei persoane cu sindromul Klinefelter se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. trei cromozomi acrocentrici \u00een grupa D ", + "2. 14 autozomi apartenen\u021bi grupei C ", + "3. \u0219ase cromozomi metacentrici \u00een grupa A ", + "4. prezen\u021ba unor heterozomi omologi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen anemia falciform\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. hemoglobina normal\u0103 HbA se transform\u0103 \u00een hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 HbS ", + "2. aminoacizii de pe catenele polipeptidice \u03b1 sunt la fel ca \u00een hemoglobina normal\u0103 ", + "3. valina \u00eenlocuie\u015fte acidul glutamic din pozi\u0163ia 6 a catenei \u03b2 a hemoglobinei ", + "4. hematiile au form\u0103 de secer\u0103 \u0219i pot transporta Plasmodiul malariei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Indivizii umani cu genotip XO \u0219i XY:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. au doar celule somatice cu 2n= 45 ", + "2. prezint\u0103 c\u00e2te o cromatin\u0103 sexual\u0103 ", + "3. sunt \u00eentotdeauna de sex feminin ", + "4. manifest\u0103 gene prin hemizigo\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "IX", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt roluri ale salivei:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Diluarea HCl sau a bilei regurgitate \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103 ", + "B. Digestia chimic\u0103 a amidonului preparat p\u00e2n\u0103 la produ\u0219i finali ", + "C. Excre\u021bia unor substan\u021be exogene, precum uree, acid uric, creatinin\u0103 ", + "D. \u00cendep\u0103rtarea unor bacterii patogene prin ac\u021biunea bactericid\u0103 a mucinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Carboxipeptidazele:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Pot descompune oligopeptidele p\u00e2n\u0103 la aminoacizi ", + "B. Se secret\u0103 sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103, fiind activate de c\u0103tre enter ochinaz\u0103 ", + "C. Sunt asociate cu microvilii celulelor epiteliale intestinale ", + "D. Descompun proteinele fibroase p\u00e2n\u0103 la oligopeptide " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Rezult\u0103 prin combinarea acizilor biliari cu aminoacizi \u0219i cu Na+ ", + "B. Faciliteaz\u0103 ac\u021biunea lipazei pancreatice ", + "C. Inhib\u0103 motilitatea la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire ", + "D. Sunt resorbite pasiv din ileon \u0219i ajung pe cale sanguin\u0103 la ficat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Contrac\u021bia izometric\u0103:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Are un randament energetic de 50% ", + "B. Se asociaz\u0103 cu mi\u0219carea \u0219i cu producerea de lucru mecanic ", + "C. Presupune scurtarea limitat\u0103 a mu\u0219chiului \u0219i sc\u0103derea tensiunii ", + "D. Se asociaz\u0103 cu contrac\u021bia izotonic\u0103 \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei fiziologice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la enzimele sucului pancreatic:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Amilaza descompune amidonul, glicogenul \u0219i celuloza ", + "B. Lipaza separ\u0103 prin hidro liz\u0103 acizii gra\u0219i de glicerol ", + "C. Tripsina \u0219i chimotripsina ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 numai asupra proteinelor par\u021bial digerate ", + "D. Lactaza descompun e lactoza din lapte \u00een galactoz\u0103 \u0219i fructoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021bele organice ale sucului gastric sunt reprezentate de:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Acidul clorhidric, c are transform\u0103 Fe3+ \u00een Fe2+ absorbabil ", + "B. Mucus, o lipoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een protec\u021bia mucoasei gastrice 2 ", + " C. Factorul intrinsec, \u00een prezen\u021ba c\u0103ruia se absoarbe o vitamin\u0103 hidrosolubil\u0103 ", + "D. Enzimele lipolitice \u0219i proteolitice, clorurile, fosfa\u021bii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torul hormon are efect catabolizant asupra metabolismului proteic :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Foliculina ", + "B. Cortizolul \u00een ficat ", + "C. Somatotropul ", + "D. Hidrocortizon ul \u00een mu\u0219chi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cuplarea excita\u021biei cu contrac\u021bia presupune:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Propagarea poten\u021bialului local terminal de plac\u0103 prin sistemul de tuburi T ", + "B. Cuplarea actinei cu mioglobina \u0219i hidroliza ATP -ului ", + "C. Depolarizarea membranei reticulului sarcoplasmatic \u0219i eliberarea Ca2+ ", + "D. \u00cendep\u0103rtarea troponinei din regiunea activ\u0103 a miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Manifest\u0103rile electrice ale contrac\u021biei musculare constau \u00een:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Eliber area unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", + "B. Reac\u021bii chimice care asigur\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor mecanice ", + "C. Modific\u0103ri de form\u0103 \u0219i de tonus muscular ", + "D. Depolarizare \u0219i repolarizare la nivelul sinapsei neuromusculare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la st ern:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Con\u021bine m\u0103duv\u0103 ro\u0219ie hematogen\u0103 numai la f\u0103t \u0219i la copil ", + "B. Manubriul sternal se articuleaz\u0103 cu claviculele \u0219i cu prima pereche de coaste ", + "C. Apendicele xifoid se articuleaz\u0103 cu coastele false ", + "D. Este un os nepereche, cartilaginos p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 40 de ani " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Procesele de putrefac\u021bie din colon genereaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Histamin\u0103 \u0219i ti ramin\u0103, care dau mirosul caracteristic materiilor fecale ", + "B. Indol, scatol \u0219i amoniac, produ\u0219i ce vor fi detofixica\u021bi \u00een ficat ", + "C. Putrescein\u0103 \u0219i cadaverin\u0103, amid e biogene care ajung pe cale portal\u0103 la ficat ", + "D. Gaze \u0219i a cizi organi ci \u2013 acetic, lactic, butiric " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Glandele oxintice secret\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. o proenzim\u0103 ce se activeaz\u0103 la contactul cu un acid organic ", + "B. un hormon care controleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie \u0219i motorie gastric\u0103 ", + "C. o glicoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 2 ", + "D. o substan\u021b\u0103 care \u00eempiedic\u0103 proliferarea intragastric\u0103 a unor bacterii patogene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Tonusul muscular este:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. starea de contrac\u021bie u\u0219oar\u0103 a tuturor fibrelor unui mu\u0219chi \u00een repaus ", + "B. realizat printr -un mecanism reflex cu punct de plecare la nivelul proprioceptorilor ", + "C. caracteristic mu\u0219chilor cu inerva\u021bie vegetativ\u0103 senzitiv\u0103 \u0219i motorie intacte ", + "D. variabil, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd \u00een somn \u0219i c\u00e2nd temperatura mediului este sc\u0103zut\u0103 (la frig) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Galactoza se absoarbe:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Prin mecanism de co transport la polul apical al enterocitului ", + "B. Prin mecanism pasiv de difuziune la ambii poli ai enterocitului ", + "C. Prin transport activ Na+- dependent la polul bazal al enterocitului ", + "D. Prin transport activ primar prin membrana bazo -lateral\u0103 a enterocitului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Adrenalina stimuleaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Catabolismul acizilor gra\u0219i ", + "B. Secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 pancreatice ", + "C. Gluconeogeneza muscular\u0103 ", + "D. Secre\u021bia de suc intestinal " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii hipotalamici anteriori au rol \u00een:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Controlul hipotalamic asupra secre\u021biei de hormoni adenohipofizari ", + "B. Integrarea simpatic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een termoge nez\u0103 ", + "C. Sinteza \u0219i eliberarea unor hormoni \u00een sistemul vascular porthipofizar ", + "D. Integrarea parasimpatic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een termoliz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la hormonii tropi:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. ACTH stimuleaz\u0103 \u00een principal secre\u021bia zonei glomerulare a corticosuprarenalei ", + "B. Hipersecre\u021bia de TSH determin\u0103 hipertrofia glandei tiroide (gu\u0219\u0103) ", + "C. FSH stimuleaz\u0103 transformarea foliculului ovarian \u00een corp galben dup\u0103 ovula\u021bie ", + "D. LH stimuleaz\u0103 procesul de dezvoltare a a tubilor seminiferi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul antidiuretic:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Particip\u0103 la procesul de diluare a urinei prin eliminarea excesului de ap\u0103 ", + "B. Posed\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi vasoconstrictoare \u0219i hipertensive, \u00een doze normale ", + "C. Reduce secre\u021biile tuturor glandelor exocrine \u0219i endocrine ", + "D. Poate exercita ac\u021biune stimulatoare asupra peristalti smul intestinal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la procesele de fermenta\u021bie din colon:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Se datoreaz\u0103 unor bacterii anaerobe prezente \u00een colonul proximal ", + "B. Presupun degrad\u0103ri ale unor compu\u0219i proteici intermediari sau finali ", + "C. Genereaz\u0103 acizi organici \u0219i unele gaze \u2013 CH 4, NH 3, H2S ", + "D. Constau \u00een desc ompunerea celulozei cu ajutorul enzimelor microbiene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen insuficien\u021ba tiroidian\u0103 la copil:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Tegumentul este sub\u021bire, cald, umed ", + "B. \u021aesuturile se \u00eembib\u0103 cu un edem mucos ", + "C. Exist\u0103 fenomenul de hiperfagie ", + "D. Se instaleaz\u0103 n ervozitatea " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 este reglat\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Umoral, prin stimularea nervilor vagi cu efect insulinosecretor ", + "B. De c\u0103tre unii hormoni: gastrin\u0103, glucagon ", + "C. Nervos, prin ac\u021biunea direct\u0103 a glucozei asupra celulelor \u03b2 insulare ", + "D. De c\u0103tre centrii glicoregl\u0103rii din epitalamus " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Corneea:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Joac\u0103 rolul unei lentile divergente cu o putere de 40 de dioptrii ", + "B. Con\u021bine vase sanguine \u0219i limfatice ", + "C. Este punct de plecare pentru unele reflexe ", + "D. \u00ce\u0219i modific\u0103 raza de curbur\u0103 \u00een procesul de acomodare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Este localizat\u0103 \u00een centrul scizurii calcarine ", + "B. Prin distrugerea ei se instaleaz\u0103 afazie vizual\u0103 ", + "C. La nivelul ei se realizeaz\u0103 senza\u021bia \u0219i recep\u021bia vizual\u0103 ", + "D. Este conectat\u0103 direct cu corpul geniculat lateral " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului fotomotor este reprezentat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Fibrele nervului \u0219i tractul ui optic care conduc informa\u021bii vizuale ", + "B. Fibre vegetative din structura nervului oculomotor ", + "C. Fibre simpatice cu originea \u00een m\u0103duva cervical\u0103 ", + "D. Axonii neuronilor bipolari din stratul 8 al re tinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul de acomodare pentru vederea de aproape:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Mu\u0219chiul sfincter al irisului se relaxeaz\u0103 ", + "B. Impulsul nervos ajunge pe calea nervului III la ganglionul ciliar \u0219i de aici la mu\u0219chiul ciliar ", + "C. Fibrele ligamentului suspensor \u0219i cristaloida se tensionea z\u0103 ", + "D. Raza de curbur\u0103 \u0219i puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului cresc la valoarea maxim\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la fazele poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Depolarizare \u2013 Na+ difuzeaz\u0103 \u00een afara celulei prin canale speciale ", + "B. Repolarizare \u2013 K+ difuzeaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 prin canale voltaj -dependente ", + "C. Depolarizare \u2013 polaritatea membranei se inverseaz\u0103 prin activarea pompei de Na+/K+ ", + "D. Repolarizare \u2013 permeabilitatea membranei pentru K+ cre\u0219te " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Transmiterea sinaptic\u0103 cu ajutorul mediatorilor chimici presupu ne:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Stocarea mediatorului \u00een vezicule derivate din membrana presinaptic\u0103 ", + "B. Eliberarea mediatorului \u00een cuante \u00een fanta sinaptic\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea impulsului nervos ", + "C. Cuplarea temporar\u0103 a mediatorului cu receptori nespecifici din fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", + "D. Inactivarea mediator ului cu ajutorul unor enzime din citoplasma componentei postsinaptice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos simpatic, spre deosebire de cel parasimpatic, prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Distribu\u021bia fibrelor postganglionare limitat\u0103 la cap \u0219i la viscere ", + "B. Sinapse interneuronale \u00een ganglioni juxtaviscerali \u0219i intramurali ", + "C. Fibre preganglionare mielinic e \u0219i postganglionare amielinice ", + "D. Sinapse adren ergice la contactul cu efecto rii vegetativi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile fine (epicritice) se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Axonii neuroni lor talamic i proiectea z\u0103 bilateral \u00een cortexul senzitiv frontal ", + "B. Axonii neuronilor bulbari formeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", + "C. Axonii deutoneuronilor medulari au traseu prin cordoanele posterioare ", + "D. Axonii lungi ai neuronilor ganglionari formeaz\u0103 fasciculele gracilis \u0219i cuneat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor piloerectori ", + "B. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor oxintice ", + "C. Secre\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103 de catecolamine ", + "D. Cre\u0219teri ale metabolismului p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100% " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Chilomicronii:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt prelucra\u021bi \u00een enterocit la nivelul aparatului Golgi ", + "2. Con\u021bin acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide, colesterol \u0219i proteine ", + "3. Sunt elimina\u021bi prin exocitoz\u0103 din enterocit \u00een chilifer ul central ", + "4. Sunt transporta\u021bi prin limf\u0103 \u0219i s\u00e2ngele portal c\u0103tre ficat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Motilitatea gastric\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Presupune mi\u0219c\u0103ri tonice \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri peristaltice ", + "2. Asigur\u0103 amestecul alimentelor cu sucul gastric \u0219i evacuarea gastric\u0103 ", + "3. Realizeaz\u0103 stocarea alimentelor ca urmare a relax\u0103rii receptive ", + "4. Este controlat\u0103 nervos \u0219i u moral (prin gastrin\u0103 ) " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la fazele secusei musculare:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Faza de laten\u021b\u0103 \u2013 corespunde pantei ascendente pe o miogram\u0103 ", + "2. Faza de laten\u021b\u0103 \u2013 are loc manifestarea electric\u0103 a contrac\u021biei ", + "3. Faza de contrac\u021bie \u2013 se produce scurtarea miofil amentelor contractile ", + "4. Faza de relaxare \u2013 are loc reacumularea Ca2+ \u00een reticulul sarcoplasmatic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul trapez:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Apar\u021bine grupei mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei ", + "2. Coboar\u0103 bra\u021bu l ridicat \u0219i \u00eel rote\u0219te medial ", + "3. Este inervat de nervul cranian XI (accesor) ", + "4. Este triung hiular, cu v\u00e2rful spre coloana vertebral\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre componentele unei articula\u021bii mobile \u0219i rolul lor:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Cartilajul articular \u2013 amortizeaz\u0103 presiunea exercitat\u0103 de oase \u00een timpul mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "2. Ligamentele articulare \u2013 protejeaz\u0103 suprafe\u021bele articulare ", + "3. Meniscul articular \u2013 compatibi lizeaz\u0103 suprafe\u021bele articulare ale oaselor din articula\u021bie ", + "4. Lichidul sinovial \u2013 \u00eempiedic\u0103 alunecarea suprafe\u021belor articulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul deltoid:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Este un mu\u0219chi superficial, de form\u0103 triunghiular\u0103 ", + "2. \u00cenvel e\u0219te articula\u021bia scapulohumeral\u0103 ", + "3. Produce abduc\u021bia bra\u021bului p\u00e2n\u0103 la orizontal\u0103 ", + "4. Apar\u021bine mu\u0219chilor anterolaterali ai toracelui " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chii transver\u0219i:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Apar\u021bin centur ii contractil e a abdomenului ", + "2. Sunt mu\u0219chi la\u021bi, situa\u021bi profund fa\u021b\u0103 de oblicul intern ", + "3. Trag coastele spre linia median\u0103 \u0219i le coboar\u0103 ", + "4. Sunt mu\u0219 chi expiratori accesori , ca \u0219i mu\u0219chii oblici externi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele substan\u021be se pot absorbi pasiv la nivel intestinal :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Riboza ", + "2. Fructoza ", + "3. Glicerolul ", + "4. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scurt de atomi de carbon " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Apar\u021bin grupei mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei urm\u0103torii mu\u0219chi :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Fesieri, care realizeaz\u0103 extensia coapsei pe bazin ", + "2. Ridic\u0103tori ai scapulei, care \u00eenclin\u0103 coloana vertebral\u0103 de aceea\u0219i parte ", + "3. Din\u021ba\u021bi anteriori \u0219i posteriori, care ridic\u0103 sau coboar\u0103 coastele ", + "4. Romboizi, ca re apropie scapulele de coloana vertebral\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021bia trohlear\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 articular\u0103 \u00een form\u0103 de scripete ", + "2. Este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la articularea dintre primele dou\u0103 vertebre cervicale ", + "3. Permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri de flexie -extensie \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri reduse de lateralitate ", + "4. Este o articula\u021bie sinovial\u0103 care permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een toate planurile spa\u021biului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Acromegalia se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Hiperostoz\u0103 la nivelul vertebrelor toracice ", + "2. Apari\u021bia de falange cu mo\u021b la nivelul m\u00e2inilor ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea oaselor craniene \u0219i l\u0103rgirea sinusurilor ", + "4. Hipertrofiere la nivelul segmentelor distale ale membrelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea rezervelor adipoase prin activarea lipolizei ", + "2. Men\u021bin secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 al\u0103turi de prolactin\u0103 ", + "3. M\u0103resc diureza, urmare a gener\u0103rii produ\u0219i lor finali de metabolism ", + "4. Inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor \u0219i activitatea lor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale STH -ului:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin diminuarea consumului tisular de glucoz\u0103 ", + "2. Sc\u0103derea concentra\u021biei aminoacizilor plasmatici, prin activarea sintezei de proteine ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin stimularea desc\u0103rc\u0103rii de glucoz\u0103 din ficat ", + "4. Sc\u0103derea lipemiei, prin inhibarea mobiliz\u0103rii acizilor gra\u0219i din depozitele lipidice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii mineralocorticoizi:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt compu\u0219i sterolici sintetiza\u021bi de zona reticul at\u0103 ", + "2. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de aldosteron \u0219i corticosteron ", + "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal pe metabolismul intermediar ", + "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia tubular\u0103 a ionilor de hidrogen " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia medulosuprarenalei este:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Reglat\u0103 pe cale nervoas\u0103 ", + "2. Afectat\u0103 prin sec\u021bionarea marelui nerv splanhnic ", + "3. Stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune \u0219i durere ", + "4. Controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre hipotalamusul posterior " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii care intervin \u00een metabolismul apei \u0219i al s\u0103rurilor minerale exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. ADH stimuleaz\u0103 re absorb\u021bia facultativ\u0103 a apei ", + "2. Aldosteronul scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ ", + "3. STH cre\u0219te bilan\u021bul pozitiv al Na+, K+ \u0219i Ca2+ \u00een organism ", + "4. Parathormonul cre\u0219te elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sursele energetice ale contrac\u021biei musculare pot fi produse prin:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Fosforilarea ADP (transferul grup\u0103rii fosfat de la CP la ADP) ", + "2. Glicoliza anaerob\u0103, cu formarea a 2 molecule de compus macroergic ", + "3. Oxidarea acetilCoA \u00een ciclul Krebs , asociat cu fosforilarea oxidativ\u0103 ", + "4. Glicoliza aerob\u0103, cu formarea a 38 de molecule de ATP " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Expresia clinic\u0103 a hipersecre\u021biei de glucocorticoizi presupune:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. G\u00e2t \u00eengro\u0219at \u0219i abdomen destins, voluminos ", + "2. \u00cennegrirea p\u0103rului, pigmentarea pielii, vitiligo ", + "3. Formarea unui panicul adipos interscapular ", + "4. \u00cengro\u0219area membrelor prin depunere de \u021besut adipos " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Evacuarea bilei:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Este determinat\u0103 pe cale nervoas\u0103, prin stimularea vagal\u0103 ", + "2. Se produce sub ac\u021biunea colecistochininei eliberat\u0103 de mucoasa gastric\u0103 ", + "3. Este consecin\u021ba contrac\u021biei musculaturii netede veziculare ", + "4. Presupune relaxarea sfincter ului Oddi, urmare a stimul\u0103rii simpatice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Segmentul de conducere al analizatorului auditiv:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103 protoneuroni bipolari situa\u021bi \u00een organul Corti ", + "2. Include neuroni localiza\u021bi \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", + "3. Prezint\u0103 ultimul neuron la nivelul corpului geniculat lateral ", + "4. Con\u021bine fibre car e formeaz\u0103 corpul trapezoid " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Otita medie purulent\u0103 acut\u0103 poate fi :", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Consecutiv\u0103 unei r\u0103celi sau amigdalite ", + "2. Cauzat\u0103 de patogeni vehicula\u021bi din nazofaringe ", + "3. Asociat\u0103 cu perforarea membranei timpanice ", + "4. Mai frecvent\u0103 la copii a c\u0103ror tromp\u0103 Eustachio este scurt\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Localizarea primului neuron \u00een ganglioni nervo\u0219i ", + "2. Conducerea unor impulsuri din nucleul tractul ui solitar spre nucleii salivatori ", + "3. Includerea deutoneuronului \u00eentr -un nucleu senzitiv bulbar ", + "4. Absen\u021ba receptorilor gustativi din papilele filiforme " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la gusturile fundamentale:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Gustul acru este produs de acidul glutamic sau sarea acestuia cu Na+ ", + "2. Gustul s\u0103rat este determinat de s\u0103ruri ionizante ", + "3. Gustul dulce este produs numai de zaharuri ", + "4. Gustul amar este dat de mai multe categorii de substan\u021be chimice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Acetilcolina este implicat\u0103 \u00een transmiterea sinaptic\u0103 de la nivelul:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Ganglionilor laterovertebrali ", + "2. Pl\u0103cilor motorii ", + "3. Medulosuprarenalei ", + "4. Ganglionilor spinali " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul vag:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103 fibre vegetative care inerveaz\u0103 vezica urinar\u0103 ", + "2. Asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 a inimii \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", + "3. Inerveaz\u0103 prin fibre somatomotorii mucoasa faringian\u0103 ", + "4. Con\u021bine fibre viscerosenzitive cu rol de baro - sau chemoreceptori " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglion ii de pe traseul unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti pot realiza sinapse cu:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Celulele receptoare situate pe membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + "2. Celule epiteliale de tip senzorial ", + "3. Celulele receptoare ale maculei otolitice saculare ", + "4. Receptorii gustativi de la nivelul mucoasei linguale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea SNV simpatic determin\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 apoas\u0103 abundent\u0103 ", + "2. Contrac\u021bia musculaturii bron\u0219ice ", + "3. Adaptare pentru vederea de aproape ", + "4. Relaxarea musculaturii vezicii urina re " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii motori ai nervilor cranieni din mezencefal:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Primesc aferen\u021be de la nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", + "2. Trimit impulsuri motorii celor 6 mu\u0219chi extrinseci oculari ", + "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la neocortexul motor ", + "4. Trimit eferen\u021be la mu\u0219chii irisului \u0219i ai corpului ciliar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fibre postganglionare simpatice:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Pot intra \u00een alc\u0103tuirea ramur ei comunicant e cenu\u0219i i ", + "2. Formeaz\u0103 cei trei nervi splanhnici ", + "3. Conduc impulsuri motorii pentru musculatura neted\u0103 ", + "4. Pornesc din m\u0103duva toracolombar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii neuronilor din nucleii bulbari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Mu\u0219chii extr inseci ai globului ocular ", + "2. Neuronii bipolari din ganglionul Scarpa ", + "3. Cerebelul, prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i superiori ", + "4. Neuronii somatomotori din coarnele anterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Expunerea ochiului la lu min\u0103 determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. mic\u0219orarea pupilei prin contrac\u0163ia mu\u015fchiului circular ciliar ", + "B. descompunerea iodopsinei \u00een retinen \u0219i scotopsin\u0103 ", + "C. transformarea \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari a retinolului \u00een retinen ", + "D. modific\u0103ri ale conductan\u0163elor ionice de la nivelul membranei neuronilor unipolari " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt roluri ale sistemului osos:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. locomo\u021bia, prin p\u00e2rghia de ordinul II la care for\u021ba activ\u0103 este asigurat \u0103 de tricepsul sural ", + "B. depozitarea calciului, sub influen\u021ba principalului hormon al parotidelor ", + "C. protec\u021bia vezicii urinare, a ovarelor \u015fi rin ichilor de c\u0103tre bazin (pelvisul osos) ", + "D. antitoxic, fa\u021b\u0103 de substan\u021be de provenien\u021b\u0103 exogen\u0103: mercur, fosfor, plumb " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la fibrele din componen\u021ba nervilor cranieni:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. fibrele cu originea \u00een ganglionul geniculat se te rmin\u0103 la nivelul trunchiului cerebral \u00een nucleul de origine a fibrelor visceromotorii pentru glandele sublinguale ", + "B. fibrele senzoriale ale perechilor de nervi X, IX, VIII, VII \u015fi II se termin\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. fibrele care pornesc din ganglionul Scarpa se termin\u0103 \u00een nuclei care reprezint\u0103 originea unor fascicule cu termina\u021bie \u00een talamus, mezencefal, cerebel \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", + "D. fibrele somatosenzitive ale nervului V se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus, \u00een nuclei de releu " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Calea vestibular\u0103 prezin t\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eencepe la celulele senzoriale din sacul\u0103 care sunt stimulate de deplasarea cristalelor de carbonat de calciu \u0219i magneziu \u00een timpul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een plan vertical ", + "B. con\u021bine nuclei care reprezint\u0103 originea unor fibre ce trec prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i inferiori \u0219i superiori, av\u00e2nd proiec\u021bie \u00een cortexul cerebelos ", + "C. prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu nucleii de origine ai fibrelor preganglionare mezencefalice destinate mu\u0219chilor extrinseci ai globului ocular ", + "D. are al treilea neuron localiza t \u00een componenta diencefalic\u0103 care prime\u0219te eferen\u021be ale neocerebelului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este men\u021binut prin func\u021bionarea pompei Na+ \u2013 K+ care scoate din celul\u0103 3 K+ \u0219i introduce 2 Na+ ", + "B. este datorat prezen\u0163ei unor m olecule nedifuzibile cu localizare intracelular\u0103 ", + "C. are valoarea apropiat\u0103 de poten\u021bialul de echilibru pentru Na+ ", + "D. \u00een timpul s\u0103u, membrana este permeabil\u0103 pentru Na+ \u0219i impermeabil\u0103 pentru K+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul trapez:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. este inervat de nervul XI prin ramura intern\u0103 care p\u0103trunde \u00een nervul vag ", + "B. coboar\u0103 omoplatul prin contrac\u021bie unilateral\u0103 ", + "C. se contract\u0103 reflex prin stimularea fusurilor neuromusculare din structura sa ", + "D. este un mu\u0219chi lat, cu v\u00e2rful spre coloana vertebral\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Structurile secretorii din componen\u021ba glandelor mixte pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. acinii pancreatici insulari produc sucul pancreatic alcalin eliminat prin dou\u0103 canale \u00een duoden ", + "B. celulele \u03b2 ale insulelor Langerhans produc insulina care stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza trigliceridelor \u00een \u021besutul ne rvos ", + "C. celulele parenchimului secretor folicular \u015fi insular secret\u0103 hormoni de aceea\u015fi natur\u0103 chimic\u0103 ", + "D. celulele corpului galben secret\u0103 progesteron sub influen\u021ba LH -ului adeno hipofizar " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici structurale \u015fi func\u0163ionale ale mu\u015fchilor stria\u0163i:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 sarcomere ca unit\u0103\u021bi morfo -func\u021bionale ", + "B. \u00ee\u0219i \u00eentre\u021bin tonusul datorit\u0103 unei inerva\u021bii vegetative intacte ", + "C. pot avea inerva\u021bia senzitiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de dendrite cu originea \u00een ganglionul Gasser ", + "D. au inerva\u021bia motorie asigurat\u0103 \u0219i de motoneuronii \u03b3 la nivelu l extremit\u0103\u0163ilor nucleate ale fibrelor intrafusale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. este deservit\u0103 de corpusculi senzitivi, localiza\u021bi \u00een toate straturile pielii ", + "B. poate avea deutoneuronii c\u0103ilor de conducere localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare \u0219i \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. este condus\u0103 prin c\u0103i ascendente specifice fiec\u0103rui tip de sensibilitate, cu conducere lent\u0103 ", + "D. are proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 \u00een neocortexul receptor din girusul precentral, cu func\u021bie senzitivo -senzorial\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Defectele de vedere cau zate de tulbur\u0103ri de refrac\u021bie se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. miopia \u2013 refrac\u021bia razelor de lumin\u0103 se produce \u00een spatele retinei ", + "B. astigmatismul \u2013 axul antero -posterior al globului ocular este mai mare dec\u00e2t axul ochiului normal ", + "C. daltonismul \u2013 se manifest\u0103 cu frecve n\u021b\u0103 mai mare la persoanele de sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc ", + "D. prezbitismul \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile convergente " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Motilitatea tubului digestiv este influen\u021bat\u0103 reflex de impulsurile transmise prin fibrele:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. preganglionare parasimpatice cu originea \u00een segmentele medulare T 6-L2 ", + "B. nervului pneumogastric, pentru peristaltismul esofagian secundar ", + "C. parasimpatice mielinizate ale nervilor pelvici \u0219i ale vagului, la nivelul intestinului gros ", + "D. visceromotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu din bulbul rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. dete rmin\u0103 prin stimulare bronhoconstric\u021bie \u0219i cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei tuturor glandelor digestive ", + "B. are originea aparent\u0103 \u00een \u0219an\u021bul retroolivar, ca \u0219i nervii hipoglos, glosofaringian \u0219i accesor ", + "C. particip\u0103, prin fibrele senzitive, la formarea c\u0103ii aferente a reflexulu i depresor cardiovascular ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea la nivelul tuturor segmentelor toracice \u0219i abdominale ale tubului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la influen \u0163a hormonilor asupra metabolismului :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een inani\u021bie, la nivelul hepatocitelor , are loc gluconeogeneza sub ac\u021biunea glucagonului ", + "B. epinefrina, tiroxina \u0219i hormonul somatotrop intensific\u0103 glicogenoliza \u0219i proteogeneza ", + "C. sub influen\u021ba cortizolului scade num\u0103rul eozinofilelor, bazofilelor \u015fi limfocitelor ", + "D. triiodotironina, testosteronul \u015fi i nsulina stimuleaz\u0103 proteogeneza \u015fi lipoliza " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Este mu\u0219chi expirator accesor:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. pectoralul mic, situat \u00een plan superficial la nivelul toracelui ", + "B. oblicul extern, localizat lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chii drep\u021bi abdominali ", + "C. subclavicularul, situat \u00een plan profund la nivel toracal ", + "D. din\u021batul anterior, localizat caudal fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chiul pectoral mare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fosfolipidele:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. permit difuziunea prin plasmalem\u0103 a gazelor respiratorii, ureei, etanolului, corticotropinei ", + "B. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia chilomicronilor sintetiza\u021bi \u00een prezen\u021ba enzimei lip oproteinlipaza ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranei bilaminare a mitocondriilor \u015fi a dictiozomilor ", + "D. sunt prezente \u00een compozi\u021bia bilei, excretat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba acetilcolinei \u0219i colecistokininei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Glandele exocrine digestive se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. eliberarea \u00een lumen ul intestinal a enzimelor proteolitice, lipolitice \u0219i glicolitice - glandele Lieberkuhn ", + "B. secre\u0163ia potasiului sub influen\u0163a hormonului secretat la nivelul zonei fasciculate a CSR - glandele colice ", + "C. stimularea motilit\u0103\u0163ii gastrice \u0219i a secre\u021biei de HCl \u2013 glandele pilorice prin excre\u0163ia gastrinei \u00een stomac ", + "D. secre\u0163ia unei glicoproteine care asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 12 \u2013 glandele oxintice din regiunea " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u0163ele de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 \u00eendeplinesc, \u00een organism, urm\u0103toarele roluri:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. insulina, STH \u015fi estrogenii - stimulez\u0103 cre\u015fterea organismului ", + "B. asigur\u0103 digestia intracelular\u0103 la nivel lizozomal \u015fi mitocondrial ", + "C. constituie substratul molecular al contrac\u021biei musculare ", + "D. tiroxina, STH, cortizolul liber - stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul lipidic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La ni velul \u021besutului osos:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. activitatea osteoblastelor este stimulat\u0103 de testosteron, STH, parathormon ", + "B. se depoziteaz\u0103 s\u0103ruri fosfocalcice \u0219i o substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 cristalin\u0103 numit\u0103 hidroxiapatit\u0103 ", + "C. activitatea osteoclastelor este inhibat\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea celulelor fol iculare C ale tiroidei ", + "D. pot ap\u0103rea deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u015fi frontal , \u00een boala Recklinghausen " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organe prezint\u0103 func\u021bie endocrin\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. stomacul \u2013 gastrin\u0103, somatomedine ", + "B. duodenul \u2013 secretin\u0103, colecistochinin\u0103 ", + "C. rinichiul \u2013 eritropoietin\u0103, soma tostatin\u0103 ", + "D. nucleii hipotalamici mijlocii \u2013 ADH, ocitocin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul luteotrop:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. este un hormon glandulotrop secretat de adenohipofiz\u0103 ", + "B. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor intersti\u021biale Leydig din structura gonadelor masculine ", + "C. stimuleaz\u0103 ovula\u021bia la femei, \u00een ziua a 14 -a a ciclului ovarian ", + "D. determin\u0103 manifestarea unor caractere sexuale secundare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale nervilor cranieni:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. n. III \u2013 prin fibrele somatomotorii determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ridic\u0103tori ai pleoapei superioare, realiz\u00e2nd reflexul de clipire mezencefalic ", + "B. n. X \u2013 prin fibrele visceromotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul bulbar dorsal, determin\u0103 secre\u021bia unei salive apoase \u015fi cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de bil\u0103, suc pancreatic \u0219i suc intestinal ", + "C. n. XI \u2013 prin fibrele somatomotorii cu origine bul bar\u0103, determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi ai g\u00e2tului, spatelui \u0219i cefei ", + "D. n. V \u2013 prin fibrele somatosenzitive ale ramurii oftalmice \u015fi maxilare, transmite informa\u0163ii de la nivelul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele mitrale:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. genereaz\u0103 impulsuri care ajung \u00een paleocort ex pe calea nervilor olfactivi ", + "B. sunt celule epiteliale senzoriale din bulbul olfactiv ", + "C. fac sinaps\u0103 cu axoni ai unor celule bipolare la nivelul glomerulilor ", + "D. formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een thalamus " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. un strat pro fund \u2013 dermul germinativ, bogat \u00een fascicule d e fibre colagenice \u0219i elastic e ", + "B. papile dermice, ca ni\u0219te ridic\u0103turi tronconice localizate la nivelul stratului reticular ", + "C. corpusculii Pacini, cei mai mari mecanoreceptori, rapid adaptabili, care recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 pre siunea ", + "D. receptori pentru atingere, cu localizare \u00een por\u0163iunea subiacent\u0103 epidermului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la ac\u021biunile unor mu\u0219chi stria\u021bi scheletici:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. m. sternocleidomastoidian produce flexia capului, \u00een contrac\u021bie unilateral\u0103 ", + "B. m. bice ps femural este flexor al coapsei \u0219i extensor al gambei ", + "C. m. deltoid ridic\u0103 bra\u021bul \u00een pozi\u0163ie vertical \u0103, realiz\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea de abduc\u021bie a bra\u021bului ", + "D. m. marele dorsal este adductor \u0219i rotator intern al bra\u021bului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos parasimpatic, spre deosebire de s istemul nervos simpatic, prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. distribu\u021bia unor fibre pe mu\u0219chii circulari ai irisului \u0219i corpului ciliar ", + "B. sinapse \u00een ganglionii cervicali de unde pornesc fibre spre viscerele capului ", + "C. dou\u0103 categorii de axoni pe calea eferent\u0103: mielinici \u0219i amielinici ", + "D. sinapse mediate de acetilcolin\u0103 la nivelul ganglionilor vegetativi ai eferen\u021bei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Prin osificare encondral\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 integral:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. osul nepereche \u0219i mobil al viscerocraniului ", + "B. oasele pereche ale neurocraniului \u00eentre care exist\u0103 o sutur\u0103 din\u021bat\u0103 ", + "C. osul care formea z\u0103 centura scapular\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu omoplatul ", + "D. oasele care prin suprapunerea lor delimiteaz\u0103 canalul rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de acomodare a ochiului se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. r\u0103spunsul reflex presupune \u0219i participarea mu\u0219chilor netezi viscerali ai irisului \u0219i mu\u0219chil or stria\u021bi extrinseci ai globului ocular ", + "B. acomodarea la nivelul punctului proximum cre\u0219te tensiunea \u00een ligamentul suspensor \u0219i cristaloid\u0103, iar raza de curbur\u0103 a lentilei se m\u0103re\u015fte ", + "C. este un reflex parasimpatic mezencefalic la care particip\u0103 \u0219i centr ii corti cali din ariile vizuale primare \u0219i secundare ", + "D. organul activ al acomod\u0103rii este cristalinul, organ avascular, cu nutri\u021bie indirect\u0103 de la procesele ciliare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele ascendente \u00eencruci\u0219ate care nu fac sinaps\u0103 la nivelul trunchiului cerebral:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. au \u00eentotdeau na orig inea la nivelul unor componente extranevraxial e ", + "B. con\u021bin axoni ai neuronilor somato - \u0219i viscerosenzitivi din cornul posterior ", + "C. se pot proiecta la nivelul lobului anterior al cerebelului ", + "D. sunt situate \u00een cordoanele laterale \u0219i posterioare ale m\u0103duvei spi n\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. se propag\u0103 \u00een ambele sensuri \u00een fibra nervoas\u0103 izolat\u0103, ca \u0219i poten\u021bialul terminal de plac\u0103 ", + "B. cuprinde o pant\u0103 ascendent\u0103 \u2013 depolarizarea, produs\u0103 de pompa Na+ \u2013 K+ ", + "C. include depolarizarea, produs\u0103 prin deschiderea canalelor de K+ voltaj dependente ", + "D. prezint\u0103 o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 \u2013 repolarizarea, cu durat\u0103 mai mare \u00een fibra miocardic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps poate fi realizat\u0103 prin impulsuri nervoase:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. generate la nivelul termina\u021biilor senzitive ale fusului neuromuscula r \u0219i transmise neuronilor \u03b1 medulari ", + "B. transmise de neuronii \u03b1 din coarnele laterale medulare c\u0103tre fibrele extrafusale ", + "C. generate la nivelul ariei motorii primare de la nivelul girusului precentral din lobul parietal ", + "D. transmise prin fascicule cu origine cortic al\u0103, situate periferi c, la nivelul cordonului lateral " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii bipolari pot realiza sinapse interneuronale cu:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. neuroni din nuclei senzitivi localiza\u021bi \u00een bulbul rahidian \u0219i puntea lui Varolio ", + "2. neuroni de origine ai tracturilor cu termina\u021bie \u00een metatalamus ", + "3. neuroni de origine ai tracturilor cu proiec\u021bie \u00een paleocortex ", + "4. fotoreceptorii de la nivelul petei galbene retiniene " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. boala Conn \u2013 hipersecre\u021bi e de aldosteron \u2013 edeme, hipertensiune arterial\u0103 ", + "2. tetania \u2013 hiposecre\u021bie de calcitonin\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219terea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare ", + "3. sindromul Cushing \u2013 hipersecre\u021bie de ACTH \u2013 astenie muscular\u0103, hiperglicemie ", + "4. gu\u0219a endemic\u0103 \u2013 hiposecre\u021bie de T 3 \u0219i T 4 \u2013 intens ificarea pierderilor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hipoglicemia poate determina:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din \u021besutul adipos, sub influen\u021ba cortizolului liber ", + "2. eliberarea unei neurosecre\u021bii sub influen\u021ba impulsurilor transmise prin fibre preganglionare lungi ", + "3. glicogenoliz\u0103 , sub influen\u021ba tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", + "4. intensificarea gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u0219i colesterol sub influen\u021ba glucocorticoizilor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Echilibrul electrolitic al organismului este influen\u021bat de reten\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. calciului, la nivel duodenal , sub influen\u021ba vitaminei D 3 ", + "2. fierului oxidat, sub influen\u021ba vitaminei C ", + "3. clorului, la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire \u0219i gros, prin procese pasive ", + "4. anionilor de sodiu, fosfor, calciu, potasiu, sub influen\u021ba STH " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Catecolaminele:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. sunt neurosecre\u021bii eliberate exclusi v la nivelul medularei glandelor suprarenale ", + "2. influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea sistemului nervos \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cortizolul \u0219i tiroxina ", + "3. sunt secretate \u00een raport constant, pe baza mecanismelor de reglaj exclusiv nervoase ", + "4. induc glicogenoliza hepatic\u0103, cre\u0219terea frecven\u021be i cardiace \u0219i contrac\u021bia splinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Talamusul prezint\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. cerebelul, prin eferen\u021be ale acestuia care str\u0103bat pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i superiori ", + "2. neocortexul receptor din lobii temporali ", + "3. ariile corticale senzitive primare \u015fi secundare ", + "4. fascicu lele Goll \u015fi Burdach care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin cordoanele posterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt procese active :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. secre\u021bia \u0219i absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor biliare ", + "2. recuperarea Ca2+ de c\u0103tre reticulul sarcoplasmatic ", + "3. excita\u021bia \u0219i inhibi\u021bia cortical\u0103 ", + "4. absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei cuplat \u0103 cu anioni de sodium " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Activitatea unor enzime digestive este determinat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. produsul anorganic de secre\u021bie al glandelor oxintice, stimulate de gastrin\u0103 \u0219i epinefrin\u0103 ", + "2. s\u0103rurile biliare, pentru enzimele intestinale sub ac\u021biunea c\u0103rora se elibereaz\u0103 acizi gr a\u0219i \u0219i glicogen ", + "3. trips ina pancreatic\u0103, eliberat\u0103 \u0219i activat\u0103 de chemotripsin\u0103 la nivelul intestinului proximal ", + "4. produ\u0219i de secre\u021bie ai hepatocitelor, pentru unele enzime care hidrolizeaz\u0103 esteri insolubili \u00een ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la ionii de potasiu sunt corecte u rm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. valoarea poten\u021bialul ui membranar este apropiat\u0103 de cea a echilibrului pentru ace\u0219ti ioni ", + "2. potasemia este dependent\u0103 \u0219i de mecanismul de feed -back hipotalamo -hipofizar ", + "3. efluxul acestora cre\u0219te la finalul perioadei refractare absolute ", + "4. potasemia se regleaz\u0103 umoral \u00een func\u021bie de pH -ul mediului intern " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Femurul:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. este cel mai lung os al piciorului format prin osteogenez\u0103 encondral\u0103 ", + "2. particip\u0103 , \u00een cazul copiilor , la hematopoieza diafizar\u0103 ", + "3. se articuleaz\u0103 prin epifiza proximal\u0103 cu extremitatea med ial\u0103 a osului coxal ", + "4. particip\u0103 prin epifiza superioar\u0103 la formarea unei articula\u021bii biel\u0103 - manivel\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt proteine implicate \u00een metabolismul glucidic:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. insulina, secretat\u0103 de celulele \u03b2 insulare - prin glicogenogenez\u0103 ", + "2. tripsinogenul, activat de enterokinaz\u0103 \u2013 prin descompunerea proteinelor ", + "3. triiodotironina, secretat\u0103 de celulele foliculare - prin stimularea glicogenolizei ", + "4. lactaza pancreatic\u0103 - prin descompunerea lactozei \u00een glucoz\u0103 \u015fi galactoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt hormoni cu efect anabolizant proteic \u0219i catabolizant gluci dic:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. estrogenii, secreta\u021bi de CSR, care stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza pro teic\u0103 \u015fi glicogenoliza muscular\u0103 ", + "2. hormonul secretat de 60 -70% din celulele insulare, care scade proteoliza \u0219i induce glicoliza ", + "3. catecolaminele, secretate sub efectul SNV simpatic \u0219i eliberate ca n eurosecre\u021bii \u00een plasm\u0103 ", + "4. STH, care mobilizeaz\u0103 glicogenul \u015fi stimuleaz\u0103 \u00eencorporarea aminoacizilor \u00een noi proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. celulele neciliate ale epiteliului senzorial al maculelor utriculare sunt stimulate de modific\u0103ri ale acce lera\u021biei \u00een ", + "2. toate c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ilor extero -, proprio - \u015fi interoceptive includ sinapse \u00eentr-un etaj diencefalic ", + "3. trunchiul cerebral prime\u0219te aferen\u021be exclusiv pe c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor gustativ\u0103, vestibular\u0103, exteroceptiv\u0103 \u0219i propriocepti v\u0103 ", + "4. camera posterioar\u0103 a globului ocular este situat\u0103 \u00eentre fa\u021ba posterioar\u0103 a irisului \u0219i fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a cristalinului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la pancreas sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. produsul de secre\u021bie al celulelor \u03b1 stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea exocrin\u0103 a hep atocitelor ", + "2. hiposecre\u021bia principalului hormon afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bional sistemul nervos \u015fi cardiovascular ", + "3. celulele exocrine , stimulate vagal , secret\u0103 enzime care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 la un pH alcalin ", + "4. secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 poate fi reglat\u0103 nervos \u0219i prin intermediul altor hormoni " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Dezechilibrele hidro -electrolitice pot fi cauzate de tulbur\u0103ri de secre\u021bie ale:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. corticosuprarenalei glomerulare ", + "2. tiroidei parafoliculare ", + "3. pancreasului endocrin ", + "4. lobului posterior hipofizar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. tecile conjunctive sunt dispuse \u00een urm\u0103toarea ordine: fascia, perimisium, epimisium, endomisium ", + "2. sarcomerul este format din dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de benzi I \u0219i o band\u0103 A ", + "3. fibrele extrafusale se prind de tendon sau de extremit\u0103\u021bile fibrelor intrafusale ", + "4. sarcolema fibr elor musculare prezint\u0103 numeroase cute la nivelul pl\u0103cii motorii colinergice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Activitatea sistemului nervos este influen\u021bat\u0103 de urm\u0103torii hormoni:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. epinefrin\u0103 ", + "2. cortizol ", + "3. insulin\u0103 ", + "4. triiodotironin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Proprioceptorii se caracterizeaz\u0103 func\u021bional prin:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. fusurile ne uromusculare previn relaxarea mu\u0219chilor scheletici ", + "2. corpusculii Vater -Pacini genereaz\u0103 impulsuri la modific\u0103ri de presiune ", + "3. corpusculii Golgi previn contrac\u021bia excesiv\u0103 a mu\u0219chilor ", + "4. corpusculii Ru ffini, din profunzimea capsulei articulare, transmit sensibilit atea dureroas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea intestinal\u0103 \u0219i asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia a 40% din lipidele ingerate ", + "2. sunt absorbite pasiv \u00een intestinul proximal, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu vitaminele A, D, E, K ", + "3. emulsioneaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile \u00eempreun\u0103 cu lecitina \u0219i activeaz\u0103 to ate lipazele digestive ", + "4. sunt sintetizate pornind de la acizi biliari deriva\u021bi din colesterol " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Neurohormonii sunt produ\u0219i la nivelul:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. nucleilor hipotalamusului mijlociu ", + "2. medulosuprarenalei ", + "3. nucleilor hipotalamusului anterior ", + "4. sistemului nervos enteric " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt c orecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la componentele scheletului:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. cutiei toracice \u2013 sternul este un os lat, articulat direct, superior \u0219i lateral, cu 7 arcuri osteocartilaginoase ", + "2. membrului inferior liber \u2013 osul sesamoid este articulat posterior, pri n baza sa, cu epifiza distal\u0103 a femurului \u0219i inferior cu epifizele tibiei \u0219i fibulei ", + "3. membrului superior \u2013 format din 30 oase: humerus, radius, fibula, 8 carpiene, 5 metacarpiene \u0219i 14 falange ", + "4. coloanei vertebrale \u2013 pediculii vertebrali delimiteaz\u0103 prin supra punere orificiile de conjugare str\u0103b\u0103tute de fibrele nervilor spinali " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Parathormonul:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. controleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unei vitamine liposolubile ", + "2. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea osteoblastelor ", + "3. cre\u0219te excre\u021bia renal\u0103 a fosfa\u021bilor anorganici ", + "4. produce spasme musculare \u00een hipersecr e\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Inhibi\u0163ia condi\u0163ionat\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. poate fi declan\u015fat\u0103 de un stimul nou, necunoscut - inhibi\u0163ia de stingere ", + "2. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u015fi \u00een etaje subcorticale ", + "3. se instaleaz\u0103 prin aplic\u0103ri repetate ale unui stimul necondi\u0163ionat, cu intensitate var iabil\u0103 ", + "4. poate ap\u0103rea dup\u0103 formarea unui reflex condi\u0163ionat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea simpaticului produce urm\u0103toarele efecte asupra sistemelor implicate \u00een realizarea func\u021biilor de nutri\u021bie:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. reducerea debitului urinar \u0219i a secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 ", + "2. contrac\u021bia sfincterelor dige stive \u0219i diminuarea secre\u021biei glandelor digestive ", + "3. inhibarea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", + "4. anxietate, stare de alert\u0103 cortical\u0103 \u0219i fric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Labfermentul:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. este prezent \u00een secre\u021bia digestiv\u0103 care con\u021bine \u0219i elastaz\u0103 ", + "2. este activ la sugari, u nde coaguleaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile din lapte ", + "3. este activat de c\u0103tre tripsin\u0103 \u00een intestinul superior ", + "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een segmentul tubului digestiv \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 albumoze " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Lobii cerebelului prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. lobul anterior contro leaz\u0103 tonusul muscular, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nucleul ro\u0219u ", + "2. lobul cel mai vechi filogenetic moduleaz\u0103 mi\u015fc\u0103rile comandate de cortexul motor ", + "3. lobul floculonodular este conectat aferent \u0219i eferent cu nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", + "4. paleocerebelul determin\u0103 armonizarea acti vit\u0103\u0163ii diferitelor grupe musculare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen prezen\u021ba Ca2+ se produce:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. cuplarea celor dou\u0103 tipuri de proteine contractile din mu\u0219chi ", + "2. cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a vitaminei D 3 ", + "3. coagularea laptelui prin formarea unei substan\u021be insolubile ", + "4. formarea cristalelor de hidroxiapatit\u0103 \u00een combina\u021bie cu fluorul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. stimulat\u0103 de hormonul care produce relaxarea sfincterelui Oddi ", + "2. inhibat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba catecolaminelor secretate de MSR ", + "3. stimulat\u0103 de hormonul secretat de celulele G pilorice ", + "4. inhibat\u0103 p rin cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei plasmatice a glucoze i " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii epicritice de la nivelul trunchiului :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", + "2. axonii protoneuronilor ajung la nivelul bulbulu i rahidian ", + "3. axonii deutoneuronilor decuseaz\u0103 la nivel pedu ncular ", + "4. axonii neuronilor talamici au proiec\u021bie \u00een neocortexul senzitiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021biile care permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de abduc\u021bie -adduc\u021bie sunt:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een \u0219a ", + "2. trohleare ", + "3. cotilice ", + "4. trohoide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapse interneuronale se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een ganglionii :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Spinali ", + "B. Intramurali ", + "C. Scarpa \u0219i Corti ", + "D. Inferio ri \u0219i superiori ai nervilor IX \u0219i X " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii multipolari pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Dendritele neuronului pseudounipolar din ganglionul spinal ", + "B. Celulele senzoriale din melcul membranos ", + "C. Motoneuroni din toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", + "D. Numai cu neuroni bipolari , la nivelul retinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de scapul\u0103 printr -un tendon ", + "B. \u00cen reflexul de extensie se contract\u0103 ", + "C. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de radius \u0219i uln\u0103 prin 2 tendoane ", + "D. Prime\u0219te impulsuri prin fibre nervoase cu origine \u00een ganglioni paravertebrali " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Catecolaminele :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt secretate de c\u0103tre zona intern\u0103 a CSR ", + "B. Intervin \u00een faza de rezisten\u021b\u0103 a st\u0103rii de stres ", + "C. Au hiposecre\u021bia asociat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia unor tumori: feocromocitom ", + "D. Descompun un polizahari d depozitat la nivel hepatic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Sucul pancreatic con\u021bine enterokinaz\u0103, secretat\u0103 de celulele acinare, cu rol \u00een activarea tripsinogenului ", + "B. Nucleul salivator bulbar, nervul IX \u0219i ganglionul otic sunt implica\u021bi \u00ee n declan\u0219area unei secre\u021bii seroase ", + "C. Secre\u021bia hepatocitelor poate fi crescut\u0103 de glucagon \u0219i prin impulsuri transmise de fibrele parasimpatice ale nervilor pelvieni ", + "D. Adrenalina contract\u0103 sfin cterele digestive \u0219i cre\u0219te frecven\u021ba contrac\u021biilor peristaltice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege afirma\u021bi a corect \u0103 referitoare la inerva\u021bia stomacului:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Asigur\u0103, prin componenta parasimpatic\u0103, stimularea secre\u021biei de HCl, efect produs \u0219i de somatostatin\u0103 ", + "B. Include \u0219i fibre motorii vegetative cu originea \u00een bulb, punte \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", + "C. Este asigur at\u0103 \u0219i de fibre viscerosenz itive cu originea \u00een ganglioni intramurali ", + "D. Este asigurat\u0103 indirect \u0219i de impulsurile transmise prin fibre mielinice incluse \u00een structura nervului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Glandele pilori ce elibereaz\u0103 \u00een sucul gastric gastrin\u0103 cu rol \u00een motilitate ", + "B. Stimularea nucleului dorsal al vagului produce cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei salivare \u0219i gastrice ", + "C. Glandele oxintice secret\u0103 o glicoprotein\u0103 implicat\u0103 \u00een absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a unei vitamine hidrosolubile ", + "D. Chilomi cronii se g\u0103sesc \u00een enterocite, limf\u0103 \u0219i s\u00e2nge \u0219i con\u021bin toate categoriile de substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile privind secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 este corect \u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Con\u021bine lecitin\u0103, acizi \u0219i pigmen\u021bi biliari sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", + "B. Este necesar\u0103 \u0219i pentru absorb\u021bia monogliceridelor \u0219i a unei vitamine implicat\u0103 \u00een sinteza componentului comun al pigmen\u021bilor vizuali ", + "C. Producerea ei este inhibat\u0103 de sistemul nervos simpatic \u0219i de enterohormonul secretin\u0103 ", + "D. Are \u00een compozi\u021bie substan\u021be cu rol \u00een emulsionarea acizilor gra\u0219i \u0219i absorb\u021bia lor din tractul intestinal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege \u021bi afirma\u021bi a corect \u0103 referitoare la absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidelor:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Glicerolul se asociaz\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare pentru a forma micelii hidrosolubile ", + "B. Monogliceridele \u0219i colester olul din micelii str\u0103bat polul apical al enterocitelor prin transport pasiv ", + "C. Acizii gra\u0219i se combin\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare \u00een enterocite , form\u00e2nd micelii hidrosolubile ", + "D. Acizii gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerolul resintetizeaz\u0103 trigliceridele \u00een chiliferul limfatic central " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul colonului sunt prezente:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Tenii, haustre, apendice epiploice \u0219i apendicele vermiform ", + "B. Un sf incter anal intern care se contract\u0103 sub influen\u021ba parasimpaticului sacrat ", + "C. Celule \u021bint\u0103 pentru unii hormoni sterolici, \u00een structura glandelor colice ", + "D. Un sfincter anal extern, aflat sub control voluntar, \u00een por\u021biunea terminal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi iile urm\u0103t oare este corect \u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Pancreozimina este o enzim\u0103 secretat\u0103 \u00een mucoasa duodenal\u0103 la contactul cu chimul bogat \u00een lipide ", + "B. Arcul reflex al reflexului gastrosecretor include \u0219i fibre visceromotorii cu origine bulbar\u0103 ", + "C. Pigmen\u021bii biliari emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele \u0219i formeaz\u0103 cu acizii gra\u0219i rezulta\u021bi micelii hidrosolubile ", + "D. Glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul legat de proteine plasmatice inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La formarea septului nazal particip\u0103 oasele:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Sfenoid \u0219i vomer ", + "B. Frontal \u0219i nazal ", + "C. Etmoid \u0219i vomer ", + "D. Nazal \u0219i cornetul nazal inferior " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect \u0103 referitoare la cre\u0219terea oaselor:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Este stimulat\u0103 prin ac\u021biunea direct\u0103 a STH -ului asupra cartilajelor diafizo -epifizare ", + "B. Cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime se realizeaz\u0103 prin cartilajele articulare care prolifereaz\u0103 spre diafiz\u0103 ", + "C. Somatomedinele ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra cartilajelor metafizare, stimul\u00e2nd osteogeneza ", + "D. Este influen\u021bat\u0103 hormonal \u0219i de componenta endocrin\u0103 a gonadei feminine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat referitor la discul \u00eentunecat:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Este format din dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente ", + "B. Apare \u00een structura miofibrilei din fibra miocardic\u0103 ", + "C. Este str\u0103b\u0103tut la mijloc de banda H luminoas\u0103 ", + "D. Este delimitat de dou\u0103 membrane Z succesive , \u00een mu\u0219chiul relaxat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Secusa muscular\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Este tipul de contrac\u021bie produs\u0103 \u00een mod predominant \u00een organism, put\u00e2nd fi izotonic\u0103 sau izometric\u0103 ", + "B. Apare \u00een urma aplic\u0103rii unui stimul unic \u0219i are eficien\u021b\u0103 egal\u0103 cu contrac\u021bia tetanic\u0103 ", + "C. Are durata fazei de laten\u021b\u0103 egal\u0103 pentru toate tipurile de mu\u0219chi (cca 0,01 s) ", + "D. Se produce frecvent \u00een timpul frisonului, \u00een mai multe grupe mu sculare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat referitor la nervul glosofaringian:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Are origine real\u0103 dubl\u0103 pentru fibrele motorii ", + "B. Contribuie la realizarea timpului faringian al degluti\u021biei ", + "C. Culege informa\u021bii de ordin gustativ de la nivelul mucoasei faringiene ", + "D. Con\u021bine \u0219i fibre colinergice ca re se termin\u0103 \u00een ganglionul otic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu hipotalamusul:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Controleaz\u0103 func\u021biile gonadelor ", + "B. Con\u021bine, la nivelul nucleului supraoptic, neuroni cu receptori pentru melatonin\u0103 ", + "C. Este centrul superior de integrare a activit\u0103\u021bii musculare somatice ", + "D. Con\u021bine \u0219i nuclei posteriori cu rol integrator simpatic " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Maculele otolitice sunt:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. \u00cen rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu axonii neuronilor bipolari din ganglionul vestibular Scarpa ", + "B. Organe care se adapteaz\u0103 foarte rapid, localizate \u00een vestibulul membranos ", + "C. Prev\u0103zute cu celule care prezint\u0103 la polul apical prelungiri permanente, ca \u0219i receptorii pentru accelera\u021bii circulare ", + "D. Responsabile pentru detectarea vitezei de deplasare a capul ui \u0219i corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Deplasarea unui obiect de la 6 m la 8 m de ochi determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Mic\u0219orarea diametrului pupilar, prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter al irisului ", + "B. Relaxarea ligamentului suspensor al cristalinului ", + "C. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ciliari sub stimularea parasim paticului cranian ", + "D. Cre\u0219terea razei de curbur\u0103 a lentilei biconvexe " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea optic\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Conduce impulsuri declan\u0219ate de ac\u021biunea radia\u021biei de 530 nm asupra unor neuroni unipolari ", + "B. Tractul optic se termin\u0103 \u00een lobul occipital, pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", + "C. Axonii neuronilor multipolari sunt conecta\u021bi cu coliculii cvadr igemeni inferiori ", + "D. Neuronii bipolari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni cu celulele fotoreceptoare din stratul periferic al retinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt repr ezenta\u021bi de tireostimuline (T3, T4) \u0219i calcitonin\u0103 ", + "B. Au efecte tisulare identice \u0219i la fel de rapide ", + "C. Se afl\u0103 sub controlul unui hormon trop adenohipofizar \u2013 TRH ", + "D. Se elibereaz\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi variabile, \u00een func\u021bie de necesit\u0103\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 secre\u021bia de TSH cre\u0219te, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Va cre\u0219te \u0219i secre\u021bia de tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i calcitonin\u0103, gener\u00e2nd gu\u0219a toxic\u0103 ", + "B. Este exclus\u0103 posibilitatea unei insuficien\u021be tiroidiene ", + "C. A intervenit, probabil, un feed -back declan\u0219at de modificarea secre\u021biei de T 3 \u0219i T 4 ", + "D. Nivelele plasmat ice mici de tireoglobulin\u0103 au stimulat secre\u021bia adenohipofizei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect \u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Activita tea anabolic\u0103 a i nsulin ei se manifest\u0103 prin stimularea sinteze i de proteine, lipide \u0219i monozaharide ", + "B. ADH determin\u0103 eliminarea unei urine mai concentrate \u0219i reduse cantitativ ", + "C. Activitatea catabolic\u0103 a glucagonului se manifest\u0103 prin degradarea hexozelor , proteinelor \u0219i lipidelor ", + "D. Testosteronul \u0219i progesteronul realizeaz\u0103 o reparti\u021bie topografic\u0103 similar\u0103 a gr \u0103simii de rezerv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia eronat\u0103 cu privire la inerva\u021bia mu\u0219chiului striat:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Neuronii simpatici postganglionari produc reac\u021bii vasomotorii ", + "B. Axonii motoneuronilor realizeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci motorii la nivelul fibrelor extrafusale \u0219i intrafusale ", + "C. Inerva\u021bi a senzitiv\u0103 poate fi realizat\u0103 de prelungiri celulipete ale unor neuroni din ganglionul spinal ", + "D. Este asigurat\u0103 de fibre nervoase terminate pe miofibrilele cu benzi repetitive izotrope \u0219i anizotrope " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii normale, hormonii tiroidieni determin\u0103 :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Sc\u0103der ea absorb\u021biei intestinale de glucoz\u0103 ", + "B. Reducerea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la mediatori chimici neuronali ", + "C. Sc\u0103derea catabolismului tisular al glucozei ", + "D. Stimularea \u0219i men\u021binerea secre\u021biei lactate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia neuronilor hipotalamici anteriori poate fi stimulat\u0103 direct de cre\u0219terea:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Volumului urinei ", + "B. Volumului lichidelor extracelulare ", + "C. Concentra\u021biei urinei ", + "D. Concentra\u021biei plasmei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni, spre deosebire de cei spinali:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Con\u021bin fibre postganglionare parasimpatice ", + "B. Pot prezenta fibre senzitive cu origine real\u0103 \u00een gangl ioni de pe traseul lor ", + "C. Au distribu\u021bie limitat\u0103 la cap, g\u00e2t \u0219i trunchi ", + "D. Asigur\u0103 conexiunea informa\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre nevrax \u0219i organele periferice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care d intre afirma\u021biile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Ramurile nervilor spinali ies din canalul vertebral prin orificiile de conjugare ", + "B. Osteogeneza de membran\u0103 asigur\u0103 formarea tuturor oaselor neurocraniului ", + "C. C\u0103ile auditiv\u0103 \u0219i vizual\u0103 nu se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin fenomene de convergen\u021b\u0103 ", + "D. Osteogeneza encondral\u0103 realizeaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a oaselor metacarpiene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul facial asigur\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Sensibilitatea dureroas\u0103 de la nivelul fe\u021bei, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nervul V ", + "B. Conducerea unor impulsuri care vor ajunge la glandele mucoasei nazale ", + "C. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 din cele 2/3 anterioare ale corpului limbii ", + "D. Conducerea impulsurilor de la mugurii gustativi situa\u021bi \u00een pere\u021bii papilelor caliciforme " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Substratul anatomic responsabil de secre\u021bia enzimelor digestive este reprezentat de:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Celulele acinare pancreatice pentru \u03b1-amilaz\u0103, fosfolipaz\u0103 \u0219i colesterol -lipaz\u0103 ", + "2. Glandele oxintice pentru secre\u021bia de chimozin\u0103, lipaz\u0103, gelatinaz\u0103 \u0219i elastaz\u0103 ", + "3. Glande seromucoase pentru o enzim\u0103 inactivat\u0103 de pH -ul intragastric sc\u0103zut ", + "4. Microvilii celulelor din criptele Lieberk\u00fchn pentru peptidaze, dizaharidaze \u0219i lipaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Faza cefalic\u0103 a secre\u021biei gastrice:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Este controlat\u0103 nervos \u0219i umoral (prin gastrina secretat\u0103 de celulele G) ", + "2. Necondi\u021bionat, este ini\u021biat\u0103 prin excitarea receptorilor gustativi ", + "3. \u00cencepe imediat ce bolurile alimentare au p\u0103tr uns \u00een stomac ", + "4. Condi\u021bionat, poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 de excita\u021bii vizuale, olfactive determinate de alimente " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Chilomicronii, forma\u021bi la nivelul enterocitelor, trec \u00een limfa din chiliferul central ", + "2. Pentru v itamina D se realizeaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de micelii hidrosolubile ", + "3. Pentru electroli\u021bi se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanisme: active (Ca2+, Fe2+) \u0219i pasive (Ca2+, Cl-) ", + "4. Pentru acizi gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b lung se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanism activ, Na+- dependent " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Este stimulat\u0103 \u0219i de impulsuri generate \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului ", + "2. Con\u021bine Na+, K+ \u0219i HCO 3- \u00een aceea\u0219i concentra\u021bie ca \u0219i \u00een plasm\u0103 ", + "3. Include o substan\u021b\u0103 care protejeaz\u0103 pancreasul de autodigestie ", + "4. Con\u021bine enzime secretate \u00een forma lor activ\u0103: fosfo -lipaz\u0103, carboxipeptidaze \u0219i \u03b1 -amilaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Glandele de la nivelul corpului gastric secret\u0103:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. O enzim\u0103 lipolitic\u0103 a c\u0103rei ac\u021biune necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba s\u0103rurilor biliare ", + "2. O lipoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een protec\u021bia mecanic\u0103 \u0219i chimic\u0103 a mucoasei gastrice ", + "3. Un hormon care controleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie \u0219i motorie gastric\u0103 ", + "4. O substan\u021b\u0103 anorganic\u0103 cu rol \u00een facilitarea absorb\u021biei intestinale a unui cation " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Evacuarea bilei:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Presupune relaxarea sfincterului Oddi, ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii simpatice ", + "2. Implic\u0103 \u0219i influen\u021be vegetative vagale ", + "3. Se produce sub ac\u021biunea unui hormon digestiv eliberat de mucoasa colic\u0103 ", + "4. Este consecin\u021ba contrac\u021biei musculaturii netede veziculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile incorecte despre absorb\u021bia pr odu\u0219ilor finali ai digestiei:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Vitaminele A \u0219i B se pot absorbi optim prin transport facilitat, la nivel ileal ", + "2. Colesterolul \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare se absorb pasiv la nivelul enterocitului ", + "3. Na+ \u0219i K+ se pot absorbi \u0219i la nivelul colonului, sub ac\u021biunea aldostero nului ", + "4. Glucoza, dipeptidele \u0219i tripeptidele se pot absorbi prin transport activ Na+ - dependent " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Colesterolul:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Absorbit la nivel intestinal ajunge prin vena port\u0103 la celulele hepatice ", + "2. Plasmatic este diminuat sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", + "3. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea s\u0103rurilor biliare, aldosteronului \u0219i corticotropinei ", + "4. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een constitu\u021bia chilomicronilor \u0219i a membranelor celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mastica\u021bia:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Asigur\u0103 prezen\u021ba unor stimuli care activeaz\u0103 chemoreceptori de la nivelul viscerocraniului ", + "2. Este un act refle x cu centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een \u00eentreg trunchiul cerebral ", + "3. Este un proces complex, realizat prin reflexe necondi\u021bionate \u0219i condi\u021bionate ", + "4. Prelucreaz\u0103 mecanic prin t\u0103iere, zdrobire \u0219i triturare alimentele semilichide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la mugu rii gustativi:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Con\u021bin dou\u0103 categorii de celule senzoriale: ciliate \u0219i neciliate ", + "2. Genereaz\u0103 impulsuri interpretate exclusiv ca senza\u021bie gustativ\u0103 ", + "3. Un mugure poate s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la to\u021bi stimulii gustativi ", + "4. Un mugure r\u0103spunde, de obicei, la una sau dou\u0103 categorii de stimuli gustativi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos poate influen\u021ba permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 prin intermediul:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. ADH -ului ", + "2. CRH, indirect ", + "3. Vasopresinei ", + "4. Prolactinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Efecte asupra SNC pot avea:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Hormoni secreta\u021bi de celule neurosecretoare simpatice ", + "2. Un hormon t rop ce are celule \u021bint\u0103 la nivelul unei glande cu origine endodermic\u0103, indirect ", + "3. Unii hormoni secreta\u021bi la nivelul zonei de origine mezodermic\u0103 a suprarenalei ", + "4. Hormonii mineralocorticoizi, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 rapid, salv\u00e2nd via\u021ba " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cretinismul gu\u0219ogen se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Piele uscat\u0103 \u0219i \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 ", + "2. \u021aesuturi \u00eembibate cu un edem mucos ", + "3. Sc\u0103derea temperaturii corpului ", + "4. Dezvoltarea \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a organelor genitale " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Acetilcolina cre\u0219te pH -ul chimului gastric ", + "2. Glucocorticoizii stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unei proenzime la nivelul glandelor gastrice ", + "3. Noradenalina relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura gastric\u0103 \u0219i sfincterul piloric ", + "4. Cortizolul intensific\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor parietale a glandelor oxintice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Care dintre afirma\u021biile urm\u0103toar e sunt corecte:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Unii hormoni secreta\u021bi de mucoasa duodenal\u0103 pot influen\u021ba secre\u021bia insulinei ", + "2. Hipoglicemia poate fi consecin\u021ba cre\u0219terii secre\u021biei de corticotropin\u0103 ", + "3. Expunerea la lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 poate influen\u021ba, indirect, secre\u021bia de gonadotropine ", + "4. Hipersecre\u021bia insulinic\u0103 poate determina apari\u021bia cetoacidozei, cu efecte toxice la nivelul SNC " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Atinge un maxim \u00een timpul na\u0219terii , ca \u0219i secre\u021bia de oxitocin\u0103 ", + "2. Variaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de ritmul nictemeral ", + "3. Este controlat\u0103 prin mecani sm de feed -back ", + "4. Este controlat\u0103 de un singur neurohormon, ca \u0219i secre\u021bia de MSH " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele senzitive din structura nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt exclusiv somatosenzitive \u00een nervul V ", + "2. \u00ce\u0219i au originea real\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral ", + "3. Sunt impli cate \u00een segmentul de conducere al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i kinestezic ", + "4. Sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive \u00een nervii faciali, glosofaringieni \u0219i pneumogastrici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Placa motorie:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butoni terminali ai neuronilor gamma ", + "2. Prezint\u0103 noradrenalina sau adrenalina ca mediator chimic ", + "3. Se poate constitui cu participarea unor componente din structura unui proprioceptor ", + "4. Reprezi nt\u0103 o sinaps\u0103 cu transmitere bidirec\u021bional\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Sinapselor axo -axonice \u0219i pl\u0103cilor motorii ", + "2. Unor prelungiri periferice ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", + "3. Fibrelor visceromotorii postganglionare simpatice ", + "4. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare parasimpatice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Tonusul muscular:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Se afl\u0103 sub controlul nucleului ro\u0219u, cu rol stimulator ", + "2. Este controlat prin impulsuri extrapiramidal e ", + "3. Scade \u00een somn \u0219i la solicit\u0103ri corticale puternice ", + "4. Depinde de aferen\u021bele de la fusurile neuromusculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Piramidale \u2013 poate fi situat \u0219i la nivelul nucleului ambiguu ", + "2. Gustative \u2013 emite fibre care se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een traseul lor spre talamus ", + "3. Vestibulare \u2013 se conecteaz\u0103 cu unii nuclei somatici ai trunchiului cerebral ", + "4. Olfactive \u2013 trimite eferen\u021be \u0219i spre girusul hipocampic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionul spinal \u0219i \u00een ganglionii superiori de pe traseul nervilor IX \u0219i X ", + "2. Fibre ce conduc impul suri, celulipet \u0219i celulifug, cu viteza de 100 m/s ", + "3. Dendrite \u0219i axoni ai neuronilor din ganglionii extranevraxiali ai nervilor V, VII, IX, X ", + "4. Arboriza\u021bii dendritice conectate cu chemoreceptori prezen\u021bi la nivelul unor vase de s\u00e2nge " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen scheletul uman exist\u0103 oase triunghiulare cu baza \u00een sus care:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Pot fi situate \u00een grosimea unui tendon ", + "2. Pot forma articula\u021bii cu alte 4 oase ", + "3. Pot forma diartroze sau sinartroze ", + "4. Pot fi pereche sau nepereche " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic cranian nu produce :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", + "2. Secre\u021bie redus\u0103 de saliv\u0103 v\u00e2scoas\u0103 ", + "3. Contrac\u021bia detrusorului vezical ", + "4. Relaxarea sfincterului piloric " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Mecanisme membranare de transport ionic activ prezint\u0103 celule le:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Osoase, a c\u0103ror activitate este influen\u021bat\u0103 de PTH ", + "2. Care fagociteaz\u0103 resturile neuronilor distru\u0219i ", + "3. Care c\u0103ptu\u0219esc lumenul intestinal ", + "4. Care genereaz\u0103 \u0219i conduc impulsuri " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prin denervare parasimpatic\u0103 a zonelor reflexogene nu se ob\u021bine:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Tahicardie ", + "2. Bradicardie ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea tensiunii arteriale ", + "4. Sc\u0103derea tensiunii arteriale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre originea aparent\u0103 a nervului trigemen putem spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Apar\u021bine etajului intermediar al trunchiului cerebral ", + "2. Pentru fibrele motorii este medial\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de fibrele senzitive ", + "3. Este pozi\u021bionat\u0103 lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de piramidele pontine ", + "4. Se afl\u0103 \u00een ganglionul trigeminal pentru fibrele senzitive " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nuclei cu pozi\u021bie excentric\u0103 pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi \u00een:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Neuroni din ganglionul traversat de fibre preganglionare \u00een drumul lor spre MSR ", + "2. Unele celule epiteliale din structura mucoasei unor c\u0103i respiratorii extrapulmonare ", + "3. Celule ce apar\u021bin unui tip de \u021besut conjunctiv cu rol de protec\u021bie termic\u0103 \u0219i mecanic\u0103 ", + "4. Celule care depoziteaz\u0103 glicogen \u0219i pot atinge dimensiuni de ordinul centrimetrilor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nefrocitele \u0219i enterocitele pot avea \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Polul apical prev\u0103zut cu microvili, m\u0103rind suprafa\u021ba activ\u0103 ", + "2. Activitatea influen\u021bat\u0103 de aldosteron \u0219i ADH ", + "3. Prezen\u021ba p ompe lor metabolice la nivelul membr anei celulare ", + "4. Secre \u021bia hormon al\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 func\u021bia lor principal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre pancreas se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Hormonii secreta\u021bi de celulele \u03b1 si \u03b2 pot stimula sau inhiba secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b4 ", + "2. Este vascularizat de artera splenic\u0103 \u0219i vena mezenteric\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", + "3. Secre\u021bia sa endocrin\u0103 este reglat\u0103 nervos \u0219i prin feedback nehormonal \u0219i hormonal ", + "4. Morfologia zonei endocrine este asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu cea a glandei parotide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre organite le celulare comune ale nevrogliilor:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Centriolii sunt forma\u021bi din nou\u0103 triplete de microtubuli dispuse circular ", + "B. Lizozomii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een microglii \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een structura ergastoplasmei ", + "C. Corpii Nissl pot fi implica\u021bi \u00een sinteza de ARN care este cedat n euronului ", + "D. Dictiozomii localiza\u021bi \u00een apropierea nucleului sunt sediul fosforil\u0103rii oxidative " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Con\u021bine 46 de forma\u021biuni sferice compuse din ARN, numite cromozomi ", + "B. Con\u021bine ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi membranei externe \u00een spa\u021biul perinuclear ", + "C. Particip\u0103 indirect la sinteza proteinelor prin geneza ribozomilor ", + "D. Particip\u0103 la diviziunea celular\u0103 prin centrioli \u00eenconjura\u021bi de carioplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapse colinergice se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Axonul motoneuronului gamma \u0219i fibra extrafusal\u0103 ", + "B. Fibre cu originea \u00een cornul medular lateral \u0219i medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", + "C. Fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului \u0219i mu\u0219chi netezi ", + "D. Fibre postganglionare \u0219i fibre radiare ale mu\u0219chiului neted multiunitar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune, este corect\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Este generat \u00een urma contactului di ntre substan\u021bele volatile \u0219i celulele epiteliului columnar ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 o form\u0103 particular\u0103 la nivelul fibrei miocardice contractile, cu o perioad\u0103 de repolarizare foarte lung\u0103 ", + "C. Se propag\u0103 cu o vitez\u0103 de 30 m/s de -a lungul miofibrilelor din fibrele mu\u0219chilor sc heletici ", + "D. Se datoreaz\u0103 func\u021bion\u0103rii unei pompe ionice \u0219i se transmite cu viteze diferite de -a lungul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen perioada de hiperpolarizare a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Canalele de Na+ voltaj dependente sunt deschise ", + "B. R\u0103m\u00e2n deschise canale pen tru K+, ce reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai lent ", + "C. \u00cen celul\u0103 exist\u0103 mai mul\u021bi ioni de K+ dec\u00e2t \u00een perioada de depolarizare ", + "D. Neuronul poate r\u0103spunde unui stimul subliminal cu intensitate mare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Reflexele condi\u021bionate:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt declan\u0219ate de un stimul absolut \u0219i sunt individuale ", + "B. Se asociaz\u0103 \u00een lan\u021buri de reflexe numite instincte ", + "C. Au centrii \u00een scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 \u0219i sunt permanente ", + "D. Se formeaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd stimulul indiferent \u00eel precede pe cel absolut " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre nervii cranieni este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Nervul XI, prin ramura extern\u0103, se asociaz\u0103 func\u021b ional cu ramuri ale plexului cervical ", + "B. Nervul X trimite fibre c\u0103tre ganglionii din peretele intestinal, p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul rectului ", + "C. Nervul IX inerveaz\u0103 un organ cu dubl\u0103 func\u021bie: fonatorie \u0219i respiratorie ", + "D. Nervul VII are protoneuronul pentru fibrele senzoriale \u00een ganglionul submandibular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Prelungirile celulifuge cu origine \u00een ganglionul trigeminal st\u00e2ng ajung:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. La din\u021bii superiori \u0219i inferiori de pe hemiarcadele st\u00e2ngi ", + "B. \u00centr-un nucleu trigeminal al trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. La mu\u0219chii pterigoizi drep\u021bi, care ridic\u0103 sau coboar\u0103 mandibula ", + "D. \u00centr-un nucleu talamic de partea opus\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 cu privire la nervii cranieni:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Nervul III - include fibre colinergice care se termin\u0103 \u00een ganglionul ciliar ", + "B. Nervul VII \u2013 face parte din calea de conducere a impulsurilor c\u0103tre glandele mucoasei nazale ", + "C. Nervul X - contribuie la realizarea timpului faringian al degluti\u021biei ", + "D. Nervul IX - culege informa\u021bii gustative de la nivelul mucoasei faringiene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Calea de conducere a reflexului tricipital con\u021bine m inim un neuron intercalar ", + "B. Nervul V particip\u0103 la formarea c\u0103ii aferente \u0219i a c\u0103ii eferente a reflexului de mastica\u021bie ", + "C. Calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului fotomotor este reprezentat\u0103 de nervul V ", + "D. Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii termice \u0219i dureroase se afl\u0103 doar \u00een cornul posteri or medular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Este asem\u0103nare \u00eentre simpatic \u0219i parasimpatic:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Au fibra preganglionar\u0103 \u00een ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal T1 ", + "B. Au neuroni viscerosenzitivi \u00een jum\u0103tatea posterioar\u0103 a coarnelor anterioare ", + "C. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea plexurilor Meissner \u0219i Auerba ch \u00een peretele tubului digestiv ", + "D. Au fibre preganglionare colinergice \u0219i fibre postganglionare adrenergice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Constituie o particularitate morfofunc\u021bional\u0103 a analizatorului olfactiv:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Include receptori de natur\u0103 nervoas\u0103 care sunt, \u00een general, mai sensibili dec \u00e2t cei gustativi ", + "B. Recep\u021bia stimulilor este asigurat\u0103 de termina\u021bii axonice butonate \u0219i ciliate ", + "C. Proiec\u021bia cortical\u0103 se face pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobului occipito -temporal ", + "D. Dac\u0103 substan\u021bele odorante persist\u0103 un timp mai \u00eendelungat, nu apare fenomenul de adaptare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Corneea:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Joac\u0103 rolul unei lentile divergente cu o putere de 40 de dioptrii ", + "B. Con\u021bine vase sanguine \u0219i limfatice ", + "C. Este punct de plecare pentru unele reflexe de ap\u0103rare ", + "D. \u00ce\u0219i modific\u0103 raza de c urbur\u0103 \u00een procesul de acomodare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la analizatorul gustativ, este corect\u0103 urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Originea real\u0103 a fibrelor care culeg informa\u021bii pentru gustul amar este \u00een nucleul solitar ", + "B. Pragul sensibilit\u0103\u021bii pentru substan\u021be dulci este mai sc\u0103zut dec\u00e2t pentru substan\u021be amare ", + "C. Informa\u021biile tactile din cele 2/3 anter ioare ale limbii sunt transmise de nervul VII ", + "D. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai intens gusturile determinate de acizi \u0219i de alcaloizi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele tractului optic drept:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Provin din retina nazal\u0103 dreapt\u0103 \u0219i din retina temporal\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 ", + "B. Sunt axonii \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai neuron ilor ganglionari din hemiretina nazal\u0103 dreapt\u0103 ", + "C. Fac sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni din mezencefal \u0219i talamus ", + "D. Sunt continuarea fibrelor din nervul optic drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre acuitatea tactil\u0103 a unei zone cutanate:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu densi tatea receptorilor din zona cutanat\u0103 respectiv\u0103 ", + "B. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu \u00eentinderea reprezent\u0103rii corticale a zonei respective \u00een homunculus senzitiv ", + "C. Se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a doi stimuli aplica\u021bi la intervale scurte de timp ", + "D. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor al unui neuron senzitiv care inerveaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de T3 \u0219i T4, cu efecte tisulare identice \u0219i la fel de rapide ", + "B. Men\u0163in secre\u0163ia lactat\u0103 al\u0103turi de ocitoc in\u0103, dar inhib\u0103 activitatea gonadelor ", + "C. Scad elimin\u0103rile hidrice prin alterarea leg\u0103rii apei \u015fi a s\u0103rii \u00een \u0163esuturi ", + "D. Influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule gliale centrale \u0219i periferice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de PTH este:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre celule principale \u0219 i oxifile organizate \u00een cordoane ", + "B. Inhibat\u0103 ca urmare a sc\u0103derii excre\u021biei renale a fosfa\u021bilor ", + "C. Stimulat\u0103 ca urmare a unei activit\u0103\u021bi intense a osteoclastelor ", + "D. Inhibat\u0103 dup\u0103 un episod de hipersecre\u021bie de calcitonin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunea unor horm oni este:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103, lipide \u0219i proteine ", + "B. Cortizolul exercit\u0103 efecte anabolice proteice la nivel hepatic ", + "C. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicoliza, proteoliza \u0219i lipoliza ", + "D. Progesteronul preg\u0103te\u0219te uterul pentru nida\u021bie, \u00eengro\u0219\u00e2nd musculat ura uterin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele cu rol endocrin din mucoasa tubului digestiv pot secreta:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Acetilcolin\u0103, care controleaz\u0103 for\u021ba contrac\u021biilor peristaltice ale stomacului ", + "B. Colecistoki nin\u0103, care stimuleaz\u0103 evacuarea bilei \u0219i secre\u021bia de suc pancreatic ", + "C. Gastrin\u0103, care sti muleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de HCl la nivelul glandelor cardiale ", + "D. Glucagon, care inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu ac\u021biunile unor mu\u0219chi scheletici:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Mu\u0219chiul tibial anterior orienteaz\u0103 halucele spre planul mediosagital ", + "B. Mu\u0219chiul triceps sural asigur\u0103 ridicarea \u00een v\u00e2rful picioarelor ", + "C. Mu\u0219c hii oblici externi intervin \u00een i nspira\u021bia for\u021bat\u0103 ", + "D. Mu\u0219chiul pectoral mare \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 bra\u021bul de torace " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de scapul\u0103 printr -un tendon ", + "B. \u00cen re flexul de flexie se contract\u0103, fiind agonist cu mu\u0219chiul triceps ", + "C. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 prin 2 tendoane de radius \u0219i uln\u0103 ", + "D. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 o p\u00e2rghie din tipul cel mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een corpul uman " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul orbicular al ochiului:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Are fibre dispuse oblic la nivelul orbi tei ", + "B. Este inervat motor de fibre ale nervilor III, IV \u0219i VI ", + "C. Particip\u0103 la realizarea reflexului palpebral ", + "D. Este ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei superioare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La formarea septului nazal particip\u0103 oasele:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Sfenoid \u0219i vomer ", + "B. Nazal \u0219i cornetul nazal inferior ", + "C. Etmoid \u0219i vomer ", + "D. Frontal \u0219i nazal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 este influen\u021bat\u0103 de activitatea unor hormoni ", + "B. Lizozimul, HCl \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni antimicotice ", + "C. Colecistokinina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia acinar\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 \u0219i ductal\u0103 hepatic\u0103 ", + "D. Secr etina \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia hepatic\u0103 a bilei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la particularit\u0103\u021bi ale activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a stomacului se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Celulele G din glandele fundice influen\u021beaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unor celule ale glandelor antrale ", + "B. Secre\u021bia de HCl est e inhibat\u0103 de somatostatin\u0103 \u0219i de secre\u021bia celulelor acinare \u03b1 ale pancreasului ", + "C. Secre\u021bia celulelor glandelor cardiale influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 12 ", + "D. Secre\u021bia de HCl are loc ca r\u0103spuns la stimularea celulelor parietale, prin acetilcolin\u0103 sau gastrin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Colesterolul:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Absorbit la nivel intestinal ajunge prin vena port\u0103 \u00een ficat ", + "B. Plasmatic este crescut sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", + "C. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea s\u0103rurilor biliare, aldosteronului \u0219i corticotropinei ", + "D. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een constitu\u021bia chilo micronilor \u0219i a membranelor celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 referitoare la unele boli ale sistemului digestiv:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Calculii biliari pot migra din vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i obstrua canalul coledoc ", + "B. Ciroza hepatic\u0103 poate fi consecutiv\u0103 unei hepatite cronice produs\u0103 de virusul C ", + "C. Cariile dentare sunt favorizate de alcalinizarea consecutiv\u0103 consumului de dulciuri ", + "D. Inflama\u021bia acut\u0103 sau cronic\u0103 a pancreasului poate fi o consecin\u021b\u0103 a litiazei biliare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Pepsina, spre deosebire de tripsin\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Descompune 70 \u2013 80 % din totalul p roteinelor ingerate ", + "B. Poate trece din starea inactiv\u0103 \u00een cea activ\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103 ", + "C. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un suc cu pH influen\u021bat de prezen\u021ba unui acid anorganic ", + "D. Este secretat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de proenzim\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul i ntestinului gros se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 procese de:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Putref ac\u021bie - degradarea proteinelor neabsorbite p\u00e2n\u0103 la acizi gra\u0219i care ajung la ficat ", + "B. Fermenta\u021bie - degradarea glicogenului pentru care \u00een tractul digestiv uman nu exist\u0103 enzim\u0103 specific\u0103 ", + "C. Putrefac\u021bie - sub ac\u021biunea bacteriilor anaerobe, care sintetizeaz\u0103 \u0219i v itamine le B, C \u0219i K ", + "D. Fermenta\u021bie - sub ac\u021biunea bacililor coli \u0219i lactici care genereaz\u0103 acizi organici, H 2, CO 2 \u0219i CH 4 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Stabili\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre particularit\u0103\u021bi str ucturale ale unor \u021besuturi conjunctive \u0219i caracteristici func\u021bionale ale structurilor din care fac parte:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Bogat \u00een fibre de elastin\u0103 \u2013 acoper\u0103 glota \u00een degluti\u021bie ", + "2. Componente \u00een propor\u021bii egale \u2013 localizare \u00een canalul Havers ", + "3. Celule mari care acumuleaz\u0103 gr\u0103s ime \u2013 protec\u021bie mecanic\u0103 ", + "4. Bogat \u00een fibre de colagen \u2013 formeaz\u0103 discuri intervertebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte referitoare la tipul de gland\u0103 exocrin\u0103 \u0219i caracteristica secre\u021biei sale :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Merocrine cu acini \u2013 secre\u021bia lor con\u021bine enzime glicoliti ce ", + "2. Acinoase simple \u2013 secre\u021bia lor lubrifiaz\u0103 conjunctiva ", + "3. Apocrine tubulo -acinoase \u2013 secre\u021bia lor este stimulat\u0103 de LTH ", + "4. Holocrine acinoase \u2013 secre\u021bia lor are rol antimicrobian \u0219i antimicotic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Trunchiul nervului spinal con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Axoni care conduc comenzi spr e mu\u0219chi \u0219i dendrite care conduc informa\u021bii de la mucoasa ", + "2. Axoni ai neuronilor preganglionari simpatici \u0219i prelungiri periferice ale unor neuroni viscerosenzitivi ", + "3. Axoni care conduc informa\u021bii de la piele \u0219i dendrite care conduc informa\u021bii de la m u\u0219chi stria\u021bi ", + "4. Axoni ai neuronilor somatici alfa \u0219i gamma \u0219i prelungiri celulipete ale unor neuroni somatosenzitivi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Un neuron somatosenzitiv pseudounipolar poate:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Constitui calea aferent\u0103 a unui reflex osteotendinos ", + "2. Avea o prelungire scurt\u0103, bifurcat\u0103, ce face sinaps\u0103 \u00een coarne medulare diferite ", + "3. Fi \u00een contact cu fusul neuromuscular prin prelungirea centripet\u0103 mielinizat\u0103 ", + "4. Avea o prelungire centrifug\u0103 lung\u0103 care proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een scoar\u021ba cerebeloas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibre cu originea \u00een nucleii somatomotori din bulb pot inerva mu\u0219chii:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Maseteri ", + "2. Limbii ", + "3. Buccinatori ", + "4. Laringelui " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a durerii cutanate poate avea:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", + "2. Termina\u021bii nervoase libere din piele cu rol receptor ", + "3. Deutoneuronul \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", + "4. Al treilea neuron \u00een talamusul de ace ea\u0219i parte cu deutoneuronul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni cu originea aparent\u0103 \u00een \u0219an\u021bul bulbopontin pot:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Avea originea real\u0103 a fibrelor somatomotorii \u00een nuclei pontini ", + "2. Conduce \u00een sensuri opuse impulsuri pentru gustul dulce \u0219i apari\u021bia z\u00e2mbetului ", + "3. Avea fibrele senzorial e \u00een contact cu mecanoreceptori sau chemoreceptori ", + "4. Avea fibre parasimpatice care fac sinaps\u0103 cu celule glandulare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ simpatic produce:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 redus\u0103 \u0219i bogat\u0103 \u00een mucin\u0103 ", + "2. Vasoconstric\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", + "3. Cont rac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului dilatator pupilar ", + "4. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase bron\u0219ice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a unor organe:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Inima este inervat\u0103 simpatic din cei 3 ganglioni cervicali \u0219i primii ganglioni toracali prevert ebrali ", + "2. Vezica urinar\u0103 are inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de fibre din ganglionul mezenteric inferior ", + "3. MSR are exclusiv inerva\u021bie simpatic\u0103, prin fibre amielinice cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac ", + "4. Rinichiul are inerva\u021bie parasimpatic\u0103 ce include fibre cu origi nea \u00eentr -un nucleu bulbar " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi ale fibrelor prezente \u00een componen\u021ba unor nervi cranieni:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Fibre senzoriale din ramurile oftalmic\u0103 \u0219i maxilar\u0103 transmit informa\u021bii de la nivelul mucoasei ", + "2. Fibre viscerosenzitive ale nervulu i IX conduc impulsuri de la receptori situa\u021bi la locul de bif urcare a arterei carotide ", + "3. Fibrele cu origine bulbar\u0103 ale nervului accesor ajung, pe calea nervului X, la mu\u0219chii faringelui ", + "4. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionul Scarpa conduc impulsuri care ajung la n uclei ce reprezint\u0103 originea unor fascicule extrapiramidale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La realizarea func\u021biei de conducere a SNC particip\u0103:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Lemniscul medial care transmite informa\u021bii kinestezice \u0219i exteroceptive tactile ", + "2. Fasciculele vestibulospinale laterale \u0219i ventrale cu traseu sp re neuroni de execu\u021bie ", + "3. Fibre corticonucleare c\u0103tre nuclei de origine pentru fibre apar\u021bin\u00e2nd la nou\u0103 perechi de nervi cranieni ", + "4. Fasciculul cuneat prezent \u00een cordonul posterior, pe toat\u0103 lungimea m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la c aracteristicile reflexelor miotatice:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Centrul reflex se poate localiza \u00een cornul medular anterior, unde se afl\u0103 neuronul alfa ", + "2. Stau la baza tonusului muscular \u0219i a reflexelor care asigur\u0103 postura ", + "3. Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului lor reflex poate include prelungiri ale neuronilor din ganglionul Gasser ", + "4. Sunt deservite de receptori care se adapteaz\u0103 \u0219i obosesc la ac\u021biunea prelungit\u0103 a stimulului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale analizatorului acustico -vestibular:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Informa\u021biile auditive din cohleea dreapt\u0103 se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een lobi i temporali drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng ", + "2. Receptorii vestibulari pot fi implica\u021bi \u00een declan\u0219area unor reflexe de men\u021binere a posturii ", + "3. Calea auditiv\u0103 include \u0219i co rpul trapezoid format din axoni ai deutoneuronilor pontini ", + "4. Celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare descarc \u0103 impulsuri \u00een condi\u021bii statice \u0219i dinamice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Neurosecre\u021biile medulosuprarenaliene \u00eempreun\u0103 cu:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Tiroxina \u0219i cortizolul, influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea sistemului nervos ", + "2. Hormonii tiroidieni, cresc metabolismul bazal ", + "3. Tiroxina \u0219i glucagonul, cresc for\u021ba de contr ac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", + "4. Glucagonul, stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivel hepatic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Aldosteronul:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Poate determina apari\u021bia edemelor \u00een hipersecre\u021bie ", + "2. Se secret\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi crescute \u00een condi\u021biile sc\u0103derii presiunii osmotice a plasmei ", + "3. Stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia Na+ \u0219i secr e\u021bia K+ la nivelul colonului ", + "4. Este secretat de zona reticulat\u0103, periferic\u0103, a corticosuprarenalei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Disfunc\u021biile endocrine se pot caracteriza prin:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Boala Recklinghausen \u2013 deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u0219i frontal ", + "2. Boala Basedow -Graves \u2013 cre\u0219terea dimensiunilor \u0219i tremurul m\u00e2inilor \u0219i degetelor ", + "3. Tetanie - contractura mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale, curbarea spatelui ", + "4. Boala Addison \u2013 hiperpigmentare, hirsutism, osteoporoz\u0103, adipozitate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la ac\u021biuni/efecte ale hormonilor sexuali:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Testosteronul \u0219i STH -ul au efecte identic e asupra metabolismului proteic ", + "2. Estrogenii favorizeaz\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u0219i a sodiului \u00een organism ", + "3. Testosteronul men\u021bine troficitatea epiteliului spermatogenetic ", + "4. Progesteronul determin\u0103 modifi c\u0103ri histologice \u0219i secretorii ale endometrului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la efecte ale hipo - \u0219i hipersecre\u021biei unor hormoni adenohipofizari se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Hiposecre\u021bia de LH \u0219i FSH determin\u0103 incapacitate de maturare sexual\u0103 ", + "2. Hipersecre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103 la b\u0103rbat de termin\u0103 ginecomastie ", + " 3. Hiposecre\u021bia de STH la adult determin\u0103 c\u0103derea unghiilor \u0219i p\u0103rului ", + "4. Hipersecre\u021bia de PRL la femei duce la oprirea ciclului ovarian " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021biile de la nivelul membrului superior pot fi:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Trohoide \u2013 articula\u021bia radioulnar\u0103 proximal\u0103 ", + "2. De tip biel\u0103 -manivel\u0103 \u2013 articula\u021bia scapulohumeral\u0103 ", + "3. \u00cen \u0219a \u2013 articula\u021bia carpometacarpian\u0103 din dreptul policelui ", + "4. Semimobile \u2013 articula\u021biile dintre oasele metacarpiene \u0219i falange " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul contrac\u021biei musculare:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Banda A r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant\u0103 ca lungime ", + "2. Membranele Z se apropie prin glisarea miofilamentelor sub\u021biri ", + "3. Cele dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de disc clar ale sarcomerelor se pot reduc e p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u021bie ", + "4. Se produce scurtarea sarcomerelor \u0219i a miofibrilelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mi\u0219c\u0103ri posibile la nivelul diferitelor tipuri de articula\u021bii sunt:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Abduc\u021bie/adduc\u021bie \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului transversal, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii \u00een \u0219a ", + "2. Rota\u021bii extern\u0103/ intern\u0103 - mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului longitudinal, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii cotilice ", + "3. Flexie/extensie \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului sagital, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii trohleare ", + "4. Circumduc\u021bie \u2013 mi\u0219care complex\u0103 , posibil\u0103 \u00een articula\u021bii cotilice \u0219i \u00een \u0219a " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021biile de la nivelul membrului inferior se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Articula\u021bia coxofemural\u0103 este cotilic\u0103 \u0219i permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul a 3 axe ", + "2. Unele articula\u021bii dintre oasele tarsiene sunt plane \u0219i permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de alunecare ", + "3. Articula\u021bia genunchiului func\u021bioneaz\u0103 asemenea unei articula\u021bii de tip balama ", + "4. Articula\u021bia tibiotarsian\u0103 este de tip trohoi d \u0219i permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri de lateralitate " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. O perioad\u0103 de relaxare a secusei de 0,05 s poate fi o manifestare a oboselii musculare ", + "2. Suprasolicitarea nervoas\u0103 poate afecta activitatea musculaturii somatice ", + "3. \u00cen cazul unei greut\u0103\u021bi pe ca re nu o poate deplasa, mu\u0219chiul efectueaz\u0103 lucru mecanic extern ", + "4. For\u021ba dezvoltat\u0103 de mu\u0219chi \u00een timpul tetanosului este mai mare dec\u00e2t cea dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een timpul secusei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre substan\u021be le prezente \u00een compozi\u021bia bilei este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. S\u0103rurile bil iare \u0219i pigmen\u021bii biliari se formeaz\u0103 \u00een hepatocite din acizi sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", + "2. Bilirubina excretat\u0103 biliar provine din degradarea unei proteine eritrocitare ", + "3. Apa este prezent\u0103 \u00een cantitate mai mare \u00een bila colecistic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een cea hepatic\u0103 ", + "4. Coleste rolul este excretat prin bil\u0103 \u0219i ajunge \u00een intestin \u00een perioadele digestive " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Afirma\u021biile corecte despre absorb\u021bia electroli\u021bilor \u0219i a s\u0103rurilor minerale sunt:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Ca2+ se absorbe \u00een duoden, activ, \u00een prezen\u021ba unei vitamine hidrosolubile ", + "2. Na+ se absoarbe activ \u00een colon, sub controlul unui hormon steroid ", + "3. Fe3+ se abso arbe la nivelul jejuno -ileonului, sub efectul stimulator al unei vitamine liposolubile ", + "4. Cl- se poate absoarb i pasiv, \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i \u00een colon " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Se asociaz\u0103 cu lecitina \u0219i cole sterolul , form\u00e2nd micelii liposolubile ", + "2. Se absorb ileal, activ, \u00een capilarele sinusoide ale venei porte ", + "3. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea chilomicronilor \u0219i ajung \u00een chiliferul limfatic central ", + "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea intestinal\u0103, ca \u0219i acetilcolina " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Particularit\u0103\u021bi ale a bsorb\u021biei intestinale a nutrimentelor pot fi:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Transportul galactozei la polul luminal este cuplat cu cel al Na+, utiliz\u00e2nd un transportor comun ", + "2. Transportul hexozelor prin membrana bazolateral\u0103 a enterocitului necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP ", + " 3. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scu rt de atomi de C sunt transporta\u021bi neesterifica\u021bi prin s\u00e2ngele portal ", + "4. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b lung de atomi de C trec \u00een stare liber\u0103 \u00een capilarele limfatice vilozitare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Enzimele prezente \u00een sucurile digestive ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. \u03b1 \u2013 amilaza pancreatic\u0103 hidrol izeaz\u0103 glicogenul p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een stadiul de dizaharide ", + "2. Din ac\u021biunea chimozinei asupra unei proteine \u0219i \u00een prezen\u021ba Ca2+ se formeaz\u0103 paracazeinatul de calciu ", + "3. Sub ac\u021biunea ptialinei se formeaz\u0103 succesiv amilo -, eritro - \u0219i acrodextrine ", + "4. Chimotripsina, activat\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103, descompune oligopeptidele \u00een tri - \u0219i dipeptide " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen lobulul hepatic:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Este produs\u0103 bila care se vars\u0103 \u00een duoden prin acela\u0219i sfincter cu sucul pancreatic din canalul ", + "2. Concentra\u021bia de glucoz\u0103 din s\u00e2ngele venei centrolobulare scade sub i nfluen\u021ba adrenalinei ", + "3. Exist\u0103 canalicule \u0219i capilare f\u0103r\u0103 pere\u021bi proprii care conflueaz\u0103 la periferia lobulului ", + "4. Hepatocitele elimin\u0103 activ s\u0103ruri biliare \u0219i primesc aminoacizi prin poli celulari opu \u0219i " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "S\u00e2ngele din vena port\u0103 poate con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. S\u0103ruri biliare ", + "2. Colecistokinin\u0103 ", + "3. Acizi gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scurt ", + "4. Glucagon " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii proprioceptive de control al mi\u015fc\u0103rii:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. conduc impulsuri care ajung la nucleul din\u021bat din paleocerebel ", + "B. se pot \u00eencruci\u0219a la nivelul trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. se proiecteaz\u0103 cortical, posterior de \u0219an\u021bul central Rolando ", + "D. prezint\u0103 traseu medular prin cordoanele laterale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele n ervului cranian X:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. cu origine \u00een nucleul ambiguu inerveaz\u0103 mu\u015fchii netezi ai palatului moale ", + "B. care p\u0103r\u0103sesc nucleu l solitar inerveaz\u0103 mugurii gustativi din papilele circumvalate ", + "C. cu origine ganglionar\u0103 inerveaz\u0103 mucoasa faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", + "D. provenite din nucleul dorsal conduc impulsuri de la interoceptori " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile extrapiramidale cu origine subcortical\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. coordone az\u0103 reflexe de r\u0103spuns la stimulii auditivi \u0219i vestibulari \u2013 fasciculul tectospinal ", + "B. continu\u0103 c\u0103ile corticostriate, care au neuronul de comand\u0103 \u00een n ucleii bazali ", + "C. descarc\u0103 impulsuri pe neuronii gamma \u015fi alfa -tonici medulari ", + "D. conduc impulsuri care pot stimula mu\u0219chii extensori \u2013 fasciculul rubrospinal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni motori inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. orbiculari ai pleoapelor \u0219i buzelor ", + "B. temporali \u0219i pterigoidie ni ", + "C. trapezi \u0219i marii dorsali ", + "D. limbii \u0219i ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la nervii cranieni:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. V mandibular \u2013 transmite informa\u021bii somestezice de la nivelul limbii ", + "B. X \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a glandelor parotide ", + "C. III, IV \u0219i VI fac parte din calea viceromotorie a reflexului de acomodare ", + "D. V \u0219i X \u2013 conduc impul suri de la nivelul urechii medii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii olfactive:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. se regenereaz\u0103 pe seama celulelor bazale, dup\u0103 40 -60 de zile de via\u021b\u0103 ", + "B. are conexiuni directe cu nuclei din ep italamus \u0219i hipotalamus ", + "C. este localizat \u00eentr -o structur\u0103 de pe fa\u021ba lateral\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", + "D. poate fi inhibat de celulele granulare din butonul olfactiv " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Crestele ampulare:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. sunt sensibile la varia\u0163ii ale accelera\u021biei liniare orizontale \u0219i vertical e ", + "B. din canalele semicirculare vertical e sunt stimulate la executarea unei piruete ", + "C. con\u021bin mecanoreceptori ce detecteaza viteza de deplasare a corpului \u00een planul mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "D. con\u0163in celule senzoriale ciliate stimulate mecanic de deplasarea endolimfei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul miopiei de curbur\u0103 :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului este sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", + "B. distan\u0163a dintre centrul optic \u015fi retin\u0103 este mai mic\u0103 de 17 mm ", + "C. punctul remotum este mai apropiat de ochi dec\u00e2t \u00een cazul ochiului emetrop ", + "D. axul antero -posterior al globului ocular este mai mic de 24 mm " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Acomodarea vizual\u0103 presupune:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. fenomene de fuziune cortical\u0103 la nivelul ariei vizuale ", + "B. convergen\u0163a axelor oculare, prin participarea mu\u0219chilor extrinseci ", + "C. \u00eencruci\u015farea fibrelor temporale la nivelul chiasmei optice ", + "D. participarea coliculilor infer iori \u0219i a cortexului vizual " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Expunerea ochiului la lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. mic\u0219orarea pupilei prin contrac\u0163ia fibrelor circulare ciliare ", + "B. descompunerea rodopsinei ce determin\u0103, \u00een final, apari\u021bia cis -retinalului \u0219i scotopsinei ", + "C. transformarea \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari a carotenului \u00een retinen ", + "D. modific\u0103ri ale conductan\u0163ei ionice la nivelul plasmalemei fotoreceptorilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. un strat germinativ, bogat \u00een fascicule de fibre colagenice \u0219i elastice ", + "B. ni\u0219te ridic\u0103turi tronconice localizate la nivelul stratului r eticular ", + "C. corpusculii Golgi, rapid adaptabili, care recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 vibra\u021biile ", + "D. receptori pentru atingere, cu localizare \u00een por\u0163iunea subiacent\u0103 epidermului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La persoanele a c\u0103ror diet\u0103 este s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een iod, tiroida:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. se m\u0103re\u015fte \u015fi apare gu\u015fa exoftalmic\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bine cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de tireoglobulin\u0103 ", + "C. are activitatea reglat\u0103 prin feedback pozitiv ", + "D. elibereaz\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge cantit\u0103\u0163i mari de tiroxin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Cushing se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. astenie muscular\u0103 \u015fi hipotensiune ", + "B. redistribuirea \u0163esutului adipos pe abdomen \u015fi spate ", + "C. hiperg licemie \u015fi sc\u0103dere \u00een greutate ", + "D. piele \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 \u0219i extremit\u0103\u021bi sub\u021biate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Calcitonina:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. este activ\u0103 asupra osului, prin efectele vitaminei D 3 ", + "B. este secretat\u0103 de celule foliculare tiroidiene \u0219i paratiroidiene ", + "C. inhib\u0103 formarea de noi osteoclaste \u015fi activitatea l or ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia ioni lor de calciu \u0219i a fosfa\u021bilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen hiperfunc\u0163ia paratiroidian\u0103 pot ap\u0103rea:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. contracturi generalizate ale mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi ", + "B. spasme ale musculaturii (tetanie hipocalcemic\u0103) ", + "C. hipofosfatemie \u0219i decalcific\u0103ri periarticulare ", + "D. deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u0219i frontal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Deregl\u0103ri ale secre\u021biei de hormoni pot determina:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. tetania \u2013 sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare, palpita\u021bii, aritmii ", + "B. boala Addison \u2013 hipotonie muscular\u0103, astenie, hipoglicemie ", + "C. gu\u0219a toxic\u0103 \u2013 tremur\u0103tu ri ale m\u00e2inilor, intoleran\u021b\u0103 la frig, hipersudora\u021bii ", + "D. boala Conn \u2013 edeme mucoase, hipernatremie, hipertensiune " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Tiroxina:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u0219te metabolismul bazal la nivelul celulelor gonadei masculine ", + "B. exercit\u0103 efecte vasoconstrictoare la nivelul vaselor de s\u00e2nge ", + "C. stimul eaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule gliale ", + "D. scade absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 \u0219i catabolismul tisular al glucozei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Prin osificare desmal\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 oasele:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. nepereche ale neuro craniului \u0219i mandibula ", + "B. alungite ale centurii scapulare (par\u021bial) ", + "C. scurte , implica te \u00een articula\u021bii de tipul amfiartrozelor ", + "D. care particip\u0103 la realizarea articula\u021biei cotului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Oboseala muscular\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. apare ca urmare a transform\u0103rii ATP -ului \u00een fosfocreatin\u0103 ", + "B. este invers propor\u0163ional\u0103 cu rata epuiz\u0103rii glicogenului ", + "C. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea excitab ilit\u0103\u0163ii fibrei musculare \u015fi alungirea fazei de relaxare ", + "D. poate fi precedat\u0103 de epuizarea depozitelor de neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la fiziologia globului ocular este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. aparatul dioptric este format din cornee \u0219i cristalin ", + "B. cristalinul este o lentil\u0103 biconvex\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de vase \u0219i nervi ", + "C. procesele ciliare secret\u0103 un lichid nutritiv pentru cristalin ", + "D. retina este strab\u0103tut\u0103 de radia\u021bii luminoase \u0219i impulsuri nervoase \u00een acela\u0219i sens " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fenomenele de cuplare a excita\u0163iei cu contrac\u0163ia presupun:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. acumulare a Ca2+ din sarcoplasm\u0103 \u00een cisternele terminale ale RE ", + "B. ata\u015farea Ca2+ la tropomiozin\u0103 \u015fi \u00eendep\u0103rtarea ei de pe actin\u0103 ", + "C. modificarea pozi\u021biei troponinei \u0219i cuplarea proteinelor contractile ", + "D. constituirea complexului actomiozinic care catalizeaz\u0103 sinteza ATP " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Oasele antebra\u021bului:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. se articuleaz\u0103 distal \u00eentre ele \u0219i cu unele oase scurte ale m\u00e2inii ", + "B. sunt implicate \u00eentr -o p\u00e2rghie de ordinul II, ac\u021bionat\u0103 de mu\u0219chii bra\u021bului ", + "C. prezint\u0103 procese stiloide la nivelul epifizelor proximale ", + "D. cresc \u00een grosime prin osificare encond ral\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 -25 de ani " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul coloanei vertebrale exist\u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. un dinte osos al atlasului prin care se articuleaz\u0103 la craniu ", + "B. procese pe care se inser\u0103 mu\u0219chii jgheaburilor vertebrale ", + "C. orificii de conjugare prin care ies ramurile nervilor spinali ", + "D. 7 proc ese spinoase \u0219i 14 procese transverse, \u00een zona cervical\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. faciliteaz\u0103 ac\u0163iunea tuturor enzimelor lipolitice ", + "B. ajut\u0103 la absorb\u0163ia colesterolului \u015fi a vitaminei A ", + "C. determin\u0103 pH -ul secre\u0163iei biliare ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul gastrointestinal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. aminoacizii se absorb din lumenul intestinal prin pinocitoz\u0103 ", + "B. glucoza se absoarbe prin mecanism activ, ca \u015fi monogliceridele ", + "C. acizii gra\u0219i formeaz\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare micelii liposolubile \u00een enterocite ", + "D. glicerolul \u015fi vitamina D se absorb prin mecanism pasiv " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele oxintice:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. sunt localizate \u00een por\u021biunea orizontal\u0103 a stomacului ", + "B. secret\u0103 glicoproteine cu rol \u00een absorb\u021bie \u0219i \u00een protec\u021bia mucoasei gastrice ", + "C. apar\u021bin sistemului paracrin con\u0163in\u00e2nd celule G secr etoare de gastrin\u0103 ", + "D. secret\u0103 o proenzim\u0103 ce se activeaz\u0103 la un pH mai mare de 3,5 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cavitatea bucal\u0103 au loc:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. procese fizice sub ac\u021biunea secre\u021biei unor glande influen\u021bate de glucagon ", + "B. fenomene chimice, prin solubilizarea dextrinelor ", + "C. transform\u0103ri mecanice, sub ac\u021biunea fibrelor netede circulare \u0219i longitudinale ", + "D. ac\u0163iuni de protec\u021bie a mucoasei bucale prin interven\u021bia lizozimului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia pancreatic\u0103 con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. inhibitorul tripsinei secretat de celulele ductale \u00een acela\u0219i timp cu proenzimele ", + "B. HCO 3-, \u00een concentra \u021bie mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", + "C. nucleaze , fosfolipaz \u0103 \u0219i colesterol -lipaz \u0103 secretate \u00een form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", + "D. \u03b1-amilaz\u0103 care descompune polizaharide de origine vegetal\u0103 \u0219i animal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre activitatea florei bacteriene simbionte:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. anaerob e: sintetizeaz\u0103 unele vitamine hidr osolubile (B 2, B6) ", + "B. aerobe: asigur\u0103 fermenta\u021bia celulozei, cu formarea de acizi organici \u0219i gaze ", + "C. determin\u0103 apari\u021bia acizilor iritan\u021bi prin ac\u021biuni degradative \u00een colonul distal ", + "D. produce decarboxilarea \u0219i dezaminarea aminoac izilor \u00een colonul ascendent " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Aponevrozele sunt alc\u0103tuite din \u021besut conjunctiv:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. bogat vascularizat ", + "B. cu substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 semidur\u0103 ", + "C. bogat \u00een fibre de elastin\u0103 ", + "D. lipsit de plasticitate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Efectul stimul\u0103rii parasimpatice const\u0103 \u00een :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. vasodila\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", + "2. relaxarea sfincterului neted vezical extern ", + "3. inhibarea secre\u021biei celulelor \u03b1 insulare ", + "4. glicogenoliz\u0103 pentru eliberarea glucozei din depozite " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul c uneat:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. urc\u0103 din cornul posterior medular spre nucleul Burdach ", + "2. conduce specific informa\u021bii proprioceptive con\u0219tiente \u0219i interoceptive ", + "3. este un fascicul ascendent care se continu\u0103 cu lemniscul lateral ", + "4. este evident \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103, cervical\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee n m\u0103duva prelungit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. axonii deutoneuronilor vestibulari sunt conecta\u021bi cu neuroni ce controleaz\u0103 musculatura ", + "2. deutoneuronii c\u0103ii tactile grosiere \u0219i a i celei pentru sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een corn ul posterior medular ", + "3. neuronii din nucleii vestibulari bulbari \u0219i din nucleul pontin trigeminal trimit axoni spre neuroni de releu talamic ", + "4. \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 I se proiecteaz\u0103 calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice \u0219i cea care permite controlul mi\u0219c\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nerv ul vag:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. transmite sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 de la nivelul epiglotei ", + "2. include fibre viscerosenzitive, ca \u015fi nervii VII \u0219i IX ", + "3. se distribuie \u0219i \u00een regiunea laringelui \u015fi faringelui ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului detrusor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hipotalamusul :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. are leg\u0103turi func\u021bional e cu paleocortexul ", + "2. include nuclei posteriori cu rol de integrare simpatic\u0103 ", + "3. produce neurosecre\u0163ii care regleaz\u0103 diureza ", + "4. secret\u0103 vasopresin\u0103 eliberat\u0103 \u00een venele tijei pituitare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre diencefal este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. include un ventricul care comunic\u0103 prin aped uctul Sylvius cu canalul ependimar ", + "2. coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe olfactivo -somatice , motorii \u0219i secretorii digestive ", + "3. prezint\u0103 o fa\u021b\u0103 bazal\u0103 la nivelul c\u0103reia se pot observa chiasma optic\u0103 \u0219i epifiza ", + "4. include nuclei nespecifici care particip\u0103 la reglarea ritmului nict emeral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Calea olfactiv\u0103 are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. include axoni ai protoneuronilor care se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een aria entorinal\u0103 ", + "2. axonii celulelor bipolare se conecteaz\u0103 sinaptic la nivelul glomerulilor ", + "3. axonii celulelor mitrale str\u0103bat lama ciuruit\u0103 a etmo idului ", + "4. unii axoni ai deutoneuronilor ajung \u00een bulbul olfactiv contralateral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "C\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u015fte la o distan\u0163\u0103 mai mare de 6 m:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 \u0219i raza de curbur\u0103 a cristalinului cresc ", + "2. ligamentul suspensor se detensioneaz\u0103 ", + "3. puterea de convergen\u0163 \u0103 a cristalinului scade la valoarea de 20 dioptrii ", + "4. mu\u015fchiul ciliar circular se contract\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. sunt situate printre fibrele musculare uninucleate \u0219i polinucleate ", + "2. sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale unor neuroni pseudounipolari ", + "3. sunt inervate motor de fibre distribuite \u00een zonele lipsite de miofibrile ", + "4. prezint\u0103 termina\u021bii nervoase anulospirale ce conduc rapid impulsurile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile acustic\u0103 \u015fi vestibular\u0103 au \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. conducerea informa\u021biilor de la receptorii labirintului membranos ", + "2. origine a aparent\u0103 a nervului din segmentul de conducere ", + "3. prezen\u021ba unui ganglion ce con\u0163ine protoneuronii segmentului intermediar ", + "4. localizarea deutoneuronilor \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Glaucomul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. drenajul ins uficient al umorii apoase \u00een sistemul venos ", + "2. compresia vaselor globului ocular \u0219i a nervului optic ", + "3. \u00eengustarea c\u00e2mpului vizual \u0219i dureri oculare ", + "4. atrofierea nervului optic ca urmare a unei infec\u021bii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la receptorii gustativi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi stimula\u021bi de doi sau mai mul\u021bi stimuli gustativi ", + "2. primesc la polul bazal termina\u021bii ce apar\u021bin unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti ", + "3. sunt celule epiteliale cu prelungiri citoplasmatice la polul apical ", + "4. au praguri de excitabilitate diferite \u0219i se adapteaz\u0103 rapid " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. parathormonului cre\u015fte \u00een condi\u0163ii de hipocalcemie ", + "2. somatotropului scade \u00een condi\u0163ii de inani\u021bie ", + "3. zonei medulare a suprarenalei scade \u00een somn ", + "4. hormonului luteotrop scade \u00een hipoglicemie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Parathormonul:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. stimuleaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile urinare de fosfa\u0163i \u015fi pot asiu ", + "2. scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na+ \u015fi Ca+ ", + "3. stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u0163ia intestinal\u0103 a Ca+ ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea unor celule osoase polinucleate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u0163ia epifizei:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine amine (melatonin\u0103) \u0219i peptide (vasopresin\u0103) ", + "2. intervine \u00een metabolismul mineral, glucid ic, lipidic, proteic ", + "3. este reglat\u0103 de centrii din coarnele anterioare T 1 \u2013 T3 ", + "4. prezint\u0103 un minim la amiaz\u0103 \u0219i un maxim \u00een cursul nop\u0163ii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cortizolul:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. este secretat ca un posibil r\u0103spuns al organismului la traumatisme ", + "2. este transportat \u00een plasm\u0103 liber sau leg at de proteine ", + "3. stimuleaz\u0103 procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 hepatic\u0103 ", + "4. scade num\u0103rul de eozinofile, bazofile \u0219i neutrofile " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni/ efecte asupra sistemului cardiovascular hormonii secreta\u0163i de:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. zona medular\u0103 a glandelor localizate lateral de vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", + "2. celulele epiteliale care m\u0103rginesc foliculii unui organ strict endocrin ", + "3. o gland\u0103 mixt\u0103, care vine posterior \u00een raport cu rinichiul st\u00e2ng ", + "4. un organ nervos care \u00eendepline\u0219te \u0219i func\u021bia de neurosecre\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la alc\u0103tuirea corpului uman:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. splina este localizat\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 a cavit\u0103\u021bii abdominale, venind \u00een raport cu ", + "2. pancreasul vine posterior \u00een raport cu dou\u0103 din cele mai mari vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i inferior cu trunchiul celiac ", + "3. la nivelul viscerocraniului sunt ad\u0103postite dou\u0103 tipuri de receptori fazici ", + "4. traheea vine posterior \u00een raport cu esofagul \u0219i cu laringele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Tonusul muscular:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219te sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i este diminuat prin lezarea neuronilor visceromotori medulari ", + "2. este rezultat ul unor impulsuri succesive , generate la nivelul unor termina\u021bii receptoare fazice ", + "3. este influen\u0163at de centri i nervo\u015fi superiori prin intermediul sistemului piramidal ", + "4. contribuie la men\u0163inerea pozi\u0163iei corpului, echilibrului \u015fi la fixarea articula\u0163iilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Tetanosul, spre deosebire de secus\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. este o contrac\u0163ie cu suma\u0163ie complet\u0103 sau incomplet\u0103 ", + "2. are miograma cu platou din\u0163at sau neted ", + " 3. rezult\u0103 prin aplicarea unor stimuli repetitivi la intervale mici \u0219i regulate ", + "4. caracterizeaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului triceps su ral \u00een reflex miotatic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u015fchii membrelor realizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u0163iuni:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. deltoidul \u2013 abduc\u0163ia \u2013 adduc\u0163ia bra\u0163ului ", + "2. anteriori ai antebra\u0163ului \u2013 prona\u021bia m\u00e2inii ", + "3. dreptul medial \u2013 abduc\u021bia coapselor ", + "4. semitendinosul \u2013 flect eaz\u0103 gamba " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Manifest\u0103rile contrac \u0163iei musculare sunt:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. chimice, care asigur\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor mecanice ", + "2. electrice, ini\u021biate prin mecanismul de cuplare excita\u021bie -contrac\u021bie ", + "3. termice, consecin\u021b\u0103 a fenomenelor biochimice din fibra muscular\u0103 ", + "4. mecanice, care constau \u00een depo larizarea sarcolemei \u0219i a sistemului tubular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul gambei se g\u0103sesc mu\u0219chi:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. care fac extensia labei piciorului \u015fi flexia degetelor, \u00een loja posterioar\u0103 ", + "2. extensori ai degetelor, \u00een loja anterioar\u0103 ", + "3. gastrocnemieni, superficial la nivelul lojei posterioar e ", + "4. tibiali, situa\u021bi \u00een plan superficial \u00een lojele anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de flexie -extensie urm\u0103toarele artrodii:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. trohlear\u0103 (articula\u021bia metacarpofalangian\u0103) ", + "2. \u00een \u0219a (articula\u021bia carpometacarpian\u0103 din dreptul policelui) ", + "3. cotilic\u0103 (articula\u021bi a coxofemural\u0103) ", + "4. trohoid\u0103 (articula\u021bia dintre atlas \u0219i axis) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sucul gastric con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. HCl liber sau combinat cu proteine ", + "2. elastaz\u0103 care hidrolizeaz\u0103 fibrele elastice ", + "3. lipaz\u0103 cu ac\u021biune slab\u0103 ", + "4. mucus, o lipoprotein\u0103 secretat\u0103 de celule mucoase " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Evacuarea bilei este consecin\u021ba :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. impulsurilor conduse prin fibre cu origine \u00een nucleul dorsal ", + "2. stimul\u0103rii contrac\u021biei involuntare a fibrelor sfincterului Oddi ", + "3. ac\u021biunii colecistokininei asupra musculaturii vezicii biliare ", + "4. contactului chimului gastric cu mucoasa jejunal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mi\u0219c\u0103rile de segmentare din intestinul sub\u021bire:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. constau \u00een contrac\u021bii inelare ce apar la intervale regulate ", + "2. deplaseaz\u0103 alternativ con\u021binutul intestinal ", + "3. favorizeaz\u0103 contactul alimentelor cu mucoasa intestinal\u0103 ", + "4. se deplaseaz\u0103 cranial cu o vitez\u0103 de 0,5 -2 cm/s " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt enzime asociate cu microvilii enterocitelor care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een timpul absorb\u021biei:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. zaharaza \u0219i nucleazele ", + "2. maltaza \u0219i galactaza ", + "3. lipaza \u0219i carboxipeptidazele ", + "4. peptidazele \u0219i lactaza " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Chilomicronii:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. sunt prelucra\u021bi \u00een enterocite la nivelul aparatului Go lgi ", + "2. con\u021bin acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide, colesterol \u0219i proteine ", + "3. sunt exocita\u021bi din enterocite \u00een intersti\u021biul intestinal ", + "4. sunt transporta\u021bi prin capilare \u0219i vase limfatice c\u0103tre ficat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale secre\u021biei salivare:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. este un lichid incolor, s lab alcalin, secretat de glande inervate vagal ", + "2. distruge virusul turb\u0103rii prin ac\u021biunea lizozimului ", + "3. asigur\u0103 excre\u021bia unor substan\u021be endogene (uree, acid uric, creatin\u0103) ", + "4. realizeaz\u0103 digestia chimic\u0103 a glucidelor prin ac\u021biunea amilazei \u0219i maltazei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 despre organitele citoplasmatice comune:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. centrozomul este format din doi centrioli cilindrici dispu\u0219i paralel ", + "B. lizozomii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een osteoclaste \u0219i microglii ", + "C. citoplasma structurat\u0103 este format\u0103 din organite \u0219i incluziuni celulare ", + "D. corpusculii Nissl au rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor neuronale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt elemente structurale ale unei miofibrile, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. sarcolem\u0103 ", + "B. actin\u0103 ", + "C. miozin\u0103 ", + "D. troponin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapse colinergice se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. axonul motoneuronului gamma \u0219i fibra extrafusal\u0103 ", + "B. fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului \u0219i mu\u0219chi netezi ", + "C. fibre cu originea \u00een cornul medular lateral \u0219i medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", + "D. fibra postganglionar\u0103 vegetativ\u0103 \u0219i fibrele radiare ale irisului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u0163ialului de ac\u0163iune se realizea z\u0103 la nivelul:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. fibrelor visceromotorii cu origine \u00een ganglionul celiac ", + "B. prelungirilor celulipete ale neuronilor din ganglionul Scarpa ", + "C. pl\u0103cilor motorii dintre neuronii \u03b3 \u0219i fibrele intrafusale ", + "D. fibrelor visceromotorii simpatice care asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia MSR " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. neuronii senzitivi bipolari pot fi localiza\u021bi numai \u00een ganglioni nervo\u0219i ", + "B. \u00een SNC, substan\u021ba alb\u0103 con\u021bine mielin\u0103 produs\u0103 de celule Schwann ", + "C. printr -un axon al nervului optic impulsul nervos este condus bidirec\u021bional ", + "D. neuronii pse udounipolari au noduri Ranvier pe ambele prelungiri " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii dureroase a fe\u021bei volare a m\u00e2inii drepte, se pot declan\u0219a impulsuri senzitive conduse prin:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. fibre nervoase care intr\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 prin \u0219an\u021bul lateroventral drept ", + "B. fascicule localizate \u00een jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "C. fibre nervoase somatice din ramura ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal ", + "D. toate componentele unui arc reflex cu minim dou\u0103 sinapse " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul V:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. conduce impulsuri de la celule epiteliale diferen\u021biate \u00een celule senzoriale ", + "B. distribuie o parte din fibrele ramurii maxilare c\u0103tre cele \u0219ase glande salivare mari ", + "C. are, la nivelul originii aparente, fibre motorii dispuse lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de cele senzitive ", + "D. inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv papilele filiforme din cele 2/3 anterioare ale limbii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021b i afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. tractul olfactiv se proiecteaz\u0103 pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103 a lobului temporal ", + "B. nervul III asigur\u0103 calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor ", + "C. tractul optic este format din axonii celulelor ganglionare retiniene ", + "D. nervul IX inerveaz\u0103 pielea regiun ii malare, timpanul, trompa lui Eustachio " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021ba alb\u0103 a mezencefalului poate con\u021bine axoni ai neuronilor localiza\u021bi \u00een:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. girul postcentral, care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een nucleul motor al nervului trigemen ", + "B. ganglionii spinali, care conduc impulsuri de la proprioceptorii din mu\u0219chii gambei ", + "C. talamus, care proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een ariile somestezice ale scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", + "D. nucleii bazali, care conduc impulsuri cu efect inhibitor asupra tonusului muscular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt asem\u0103n\u0103ri \u00eentre simpatic \u0219i parasimpatic:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. au fibre pregangli onare \u00een ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal T1 ", + "B. au neuroni visceroaferen\u021bi \u00een ganglioni situa\u021bi pe traseul unor nervi cranieni ", + "C. pot avea originea fibrelor mielinice \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", + "D. includ sinapse interneuronale colinergice \u0219i neuroefect oare adrenergice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice sunt inervate de ramura maxilar\u0103 a trigemenului:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. pleoapa superioar\u0103 \u0219i mucoasa sinusurilor ", + "B. tegumentul din regiunea temporal\u0103 ", + "C. glandele salivare parotide ", + "D. v\u0103lul palatin \u0219i mu\u0219chii tensori ai acestu ia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele cu bastona\u0219e:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bin numeroase mitocondrii localizate la nivelul corpului celular \u0219i \u00een dendrit\u0103 ", + "B. pot fi stimulate de un foton, care izomerizeaz\u0103 retinenul (trece din forma trans \u00een forma cis) ", + "C. con\u021bin o protein\u0103, compus\u0103 dintr -un fragment de caroten (retinol) \u0219i un tip de opsin\u0103 ", + "D. particip\u0103 la fenomenul de convergen\u021b\u0103 a impulsurilor la nivelul retinei periferice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre calea olfactiv\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. celulele mitrale trimit fibre la nucleii de releu talamici ", + "B. prima sinaps\u0103 a c\u0103ii a re loc la nivelul glomerulilor din bulbul olfactiv ", + "C. deutoneuronii olfactivi se re\u00eennoiesc la fiecare 40 -60 de zile ", + "D. protoneuronii intr\u0103 \u00een contact sinaptic cu receptorii din mucoasa olfactiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele intrafusale:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + " A. formeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci motorii cu axoni proveni\u021bi din coarnele anterioare medulare ", + "B. prezint\u0103 miofibrile \u00een por\u021biunea central\u0103 ", + "C. primesc fibre senzitive secundare cu originea \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", + "D. sunt inervate de motoneuroni \u03b1 medulari " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Activarea fusurilor neuromusculare se datoreaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. contrac\u021biei fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", + "B. stimul\u0103rii neuronilor \u03b1 medulari ", + "C. \u00eentinderii por\u021biunii centrale a fibrelor intrafusale ", + "D. inhib\u0103rii motoneuronilor \u03b3 medulari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. sensibilitatea pentru diferite substan\u021be sapide este mai mic\u0103 la copii dec\u00e2t la adul\u021bi ", + "B. pragul de excita\u021bie pentru substan\u021be amare este mai mare dec\u00e2t pentru cele dulci ", + "C. receptorii gustativi, ca \u0219i cei olfactivi, sunt stimula\u021bi de substan\u021be chimice sapide ", + "D. o substan\u021b\u0103 rece \u0219i insolubil\u0103 nu stimuleaz\u0103 receptori din mucoasa lingual\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul citirii lec\u021biei de biologie din manual:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. printr -un arc reflex vegetativ se realizeaz\u0103 convergen\u021ba axelor globilor oculari ", + "B. impulsuri din ganglionul ciliar determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea curburii cristalinului \u0219i pupiloconstric\u021bie ", + "C. razele lu minoase focalizeaz\u0103 \u00een fovea centralis, stimul\u00e2nd celulele cu bastona\u0219 ", + "D. zonula Zinn este \u00een tensiune datorit\u0103 contrac\u021biei fibrelor circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre acuitatea tactil\u0103 a unei zone cutanate:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu den sitatea receptorilor din zona cutanat\u0103 respectiv\u0103 ", + "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a doi stimuli aplica\u021bi la intervale scurte de timp ", + "C. este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu reprezentarea cortical\u0103 a zonei respective \u00een homunculus senzitiv ", + "D. este in vers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor al neuronului senzitiv care inerveaz\u0103 zona " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. un ochi care prive\u0219te un obiect aflat la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 10 metri poate avea 80 de dioptrii ", + "B. convexitatea cristalinului este maxim\u0103 c\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u0219te un obiect aflat \u00een punctul remotum ", + "C. corneea unui ochi care prive\u0219te un obiect aflat \u00een punctul proximum are 20 de dioptrii ", + "D. fibrele circulare ale irisului \u0219i mu\u0219chiului ciliar sunt contractate c\u00e2nd obiectul privit este \u00een punctul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Foliculii tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. sunt m\u0103rgini\u021bi de celule secretoare conjunctive cu \u00een\u0103l\u021bimi diferite ", + "B. con\u021bin un material omogen, v\u00e2scos \u0219i bogat \u00een proteine ", + "C. con\u021bin celule parafoliculare care secret\u0103 calcitonin\u0103 ", + "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 \u0219i elibereaz\u0103 hormoni sub influen\u021ba TRH-ului hipofizar " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei de foliculin\u0103 se poate face prin urm\u0103toarele mecanisme:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. nervos - prin sistemul port hipofizar care elibereaz\u0103 GnRH cu rol \u00een inhibarea secre\u021biei de FSH \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", + "B. umoral - prin hormonul luteotrop care stimuleaz\u0103 ovula\u021bia \u0219i secre\u021bia endocrin\u0103 a corpului galben ", + "C. direct - prin hormonul foliculostimulant care stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor tecii externe a foliculului ovarian ", + "D. indirect - prin cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de melatonin\u0103 la \u00eentuneric sub influen\u021ba afere n\u021belor de la receptorii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Insulina:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + " A. diminueaz\u0103 glicoliza \u00een celulele musculare polinucleate ", + "B. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103 la nivelul celulei hepatice ", + "C. scade permeabilitatea sarcolemei pentru aminoacizi ", + "D. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea plasmalemei adipocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. vasopresina scade peristaltismul la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire ", + "B. PRL produce ginecomastie la b\u0103rbat \u0219i oprirea ciclului ovarian la femeie ", + "C. aldosteronul determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de cationi (Cl- \u0219i HCO 3-) ", + "D. ADH determin\u0103 hipertensiune prin relaxarea musculaturii arteriolare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Disfunc\u021biile endocrine se pot caracteriza prin:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. boala Recklinghausen \u2013 l\u0103rgirea sinusurilor, hiperostoze la nivelul vertebrelor ", + "B. tetania \u2013 contractura mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale, curbarea spatelui ", + "C. boala Addison \u2013 hiperpigmentare, hirsutism, adipozitate, osteoporoz\u0103 ", + "D. sindromul Cushing \u2013 apari\u021bia de echimoze, striuri ro\u0219ii, vitiligo, \u00eennegrirea p\u0103rului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Conn s e poate caracteriza prin:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. sl\u0103biciune muscular\u0103, cefalee, hipotensiune ", + "B. hiponatremie, hiperpotasemie, edeme ", + "C. sc\u0103derea reabsorb\u021biei Na+ din urin\u0103 \u0219i saliv\u0103 ", + "D. cre\u0219terea aciduriei sau a kaliuriei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "La formarea orbitelor particip\u0103 urm\u0103toarele oase, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. palatine ", + "B. zigomatice ", + "C. temporale ", + "D. maxilare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 referitoare la cre\u015fterea oaselor \u00een lungime:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. este stimulat\u0103 de ac\u0163iunea direct\u0103 a STH -ului asupra cartilajelor metafizare ", + "B. se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul cartilajelor articulare care prolifereaz\u0103 spre diafiz\u0103 ", + "C. presupune ac\u021biunea somatomedinelor, care stimuleaz\u0103 osteogeneza ", + "D. este influen\u0163at\u0103 hor monal \u015fi de componenta endocrin\u0103 a gonadei feminine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Afec\u021biunile aparatului locomotor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. cifoza \u2013 devia\u021bie a coloanei \u00een planul delimitat de axele transversal \u0219i longitudinal ", + "B. luxa\u021bii \u2013 rupturi ale capsulei articulare \u0219i ale oaselor din articula\u021bie ", + "C. cifoscolioza \u2013 poate fi asociat\u0103 cu hiposecre\u021bia paratiroidian\u0103 (boala Recklinghausen) ", + "D. scolioza \u2013 poate fi determinat\u0103 de rahitism, reumatism \u0219i poliomielit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mu\u0219chii membrelor inferioare este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. croitorul \u2013 se fixeaz\u0103 pe ti bie printr -un tendon care include un os sesamoid ", + "B. tricepsul sural \u2013 determin\u0103 dorsiflexia, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd o p\u00e2rghie de ordinul II ", + "C. bicepsul femural \u2013 realizeaz\u0103 flexia gambei pe coaps\u0103 ", + "D. cvadricepsul \u2013 este extensor al gambei pe coaps\u0103 \u0219i al coapsei pe bazin " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Evenimente caracteristice fiziologiei fibrei musculare sunt:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + " A. \u00eendep\u0103rtarea troponinei din regiunea activ\u0103 a miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 ", + "B. propagarea impulsului prin intermediul tubilor T p\u00e2n\u0103 la miofibrile ", + "C. diminuarea lungimii benzilor H \u0219i a benzilor I, cu cons um de energie ", + "D. sinteza de ATP catalizat\u0103 de enzima miozin -ATP-az\u0103, activat\u0103 de Ca2+ \u0219i Mg2+ " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale epiteliilor de acoperire:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. inerva\u021bie \u0219i vasculariza\u021bie reduse ", + "2. capacitate de regenerare mare ", + "3. originea \u00een mezodermul embrionar ", + "4. conectarea celulelor prin desmozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. epiteliul simplu pavimentos \u2013 la suprafa\u021ba ovarului ", + "2. epiteliul simplu cilindric \u2013 \u00een epiteliul vilozi t\u0103\u021bilor intestinale ", + "3. epiteliul simplu cubic \u2013 \u00een pere\u021bii sacilor alveolari ", + "4. epiteliul pluristratificat pavimentos \u2013 \u00een mucoasa esofagian\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la celulele conjunctive este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. osteocitele au form\u0103 stelat\u0103 \u0219i numeroase prelungiri ", + "2. adipocitele a u nucleu excentric \u0219i pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een mezenter ", + "3. fibroblastele sunt slab conectate \u00eentre ele ", + "4. osteoplastele sunt celule multinucleate, cu numero\u0219i lizozomi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Actina:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. este o protein\u0103 care se scurteaz\u0103 \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei musculare ", + "2. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia microfilamentelor citoscheletului ", + "3. reprezint\u0103 baza anatomic\u0103 a contractilit\u0103\u021bii, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu miozina ", + "4. este component\u0103 a benzilor I \u0219i A ale miofibrilelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 nervoas\u0103 \u0219i roluri ale acestora:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii nespecifici talamici \u2013 particip\u0103 la reglarea ritmului nictemeral ", + "2. nucleii habenulari \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe secretorii digestive ", + "3. nucleul caudat, putamen, globus pallidus \u2013 inhib\u0103 tonusul mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi ", + "4. nucleii amigdalieni \u2013 particip\u0103 la elaborarea senza\u021biilor olfactive " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii vestibulari:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. laterali - prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu arhicerebelul ", + "2. emit colaterale c\u0103tre nuclei somatomotori din mezencefal \u0219i punte ", + "3. reprezint\u0103 sta\u021bie final\u0103 pentru axonii unor neuroni ganglionari ", + "4. con\u021bin neuroni periferic i, de execu\u021bie pentru c\u0103ile corticonucleare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Calea ascendent\u0103 a durerii cutanate poate avea:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal \u0219i \u00een ganglionul Gasser ", + "2. receptori reprezenta\u021bi de termina\u021bii nervoase libere cu adaptabilitate mare ", + "3. deutoneuronul \u00een etaje ale trunchiului cerebral ", + "4. traseu prin fascicule ne\u00eencruci\u0219ate din cordoanele laterale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reflexul cornean de clipire este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. aferen\u021ba arcului reflex include fibre din ramura oftalmic\u0103 a trigemenului ", + "2. are centrii nervo\u0219i \u00een acela\u0219i etaj ca \u0219i reflexul de acomodare ", + "3. nu se produce \u00een cazul lez\u0103rii nucleului senzitiv al nervului V ", + "4. este un reflex vegetativ polisinaptic, nociceptiv " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre somnul parad oxal sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u021biile:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. apare contactul con\u0219tient cu mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor ", + "2. poate fi \u00eenregistrat\u0103 o EEG cu unde lente ", + "3. dispare tonusul muscular \u0219i scade frecven\u021ba respiratorie ", + "4. este implicat un mecanism endogen cu influen\u021be exogene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Tractul optic drept con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. fibre care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een corpul geniculat extern ", + "2. fibre provenite din retina nazal\u0103 a ochiului st\u00e2ng ", + "3. fibre care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een coliculul cvadrigemen superior ", + "4. fibre care s -au \u00eencruci\u0219at \u00een chiasma optic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la segmentele intermediare ale analizatorilor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. dendritele protoneuronilor c\u0103ii auditive str\u0103bat membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + "2. din calea gustativ\u0103 ajung fibre la hipotalamus \u0219i la structuri ale sistemului limbic ", + "3. o parte din fibrele tractul optic se termin\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lob ului occipital ", + "4. axoni ai celulelor mitrale leag\u0103 bulbul olfactiv de lobul piriform " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii neurotendino\u0219i Golgi:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. constau \u00eentr -o re\u021bea de 1 -3 fibre nervoase prev\u0103zute cu termina\u021bii butonate ", + "2. se adapteaz\u0103 par\u021bial, fiind receptori ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii de co ntrol al mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "3. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een sinapse inhibitorii cu motoneuronii \u03b1 medulari ", + "4. genereaz\u0103 impulsuri conduse prin cordoanele laterale ipsi - \u0219i contralaterale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "O persoan\u0103 c\u0103reia medicul i -a prescris ochelari cu lentile convergente poate avea:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 50 de ani \u0219i cristalin neelastic ", + "2. axul optic mai mic de 24 mm ", + "3. convergen\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 a cristalinului ", + "4. curbura corneei neuniform\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele receptoare olfactive, spre deosebire de cele gustative:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de celule de sus\u021binere ", + "2. sunt neuroni cu axoni l a polul bazal ", + "3. au cili cu proteine receptoare la polul apical ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 primul neuron al c\u0103ii de conducere " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Colateralele tractului optic:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. se termin\u0103 \u00een corpii genicula\u021bi laterali din metatalamus ", + "2. particip\u0103 la realizarea reflexului oculocefalogir ", + "3. realizeaz\u0103 midriaza c\u00e2nd cre\u0219te cantitatea de lumin\u0103 ", + "4. fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Aldehidele \u0219i cetonele pot stimula receptorii pentru gustul:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. acru ", + "2. amar ", + "3. s\u0103rat ", + "4. dulce " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. insulina \u0219i est rogenii reduc concentra\u021bia glucozei \u00een s\u00e2nge ", + "2. aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul influen\u021beaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ ", + "3. calcitonina \u0219i estrogenii favorizeaz\u0103 depunerea calciului \u00een oase ", + "4. glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul cresc secre\u021bia de HCl \u0219i de pepsinogen " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Tiroxina \u0219i triiodotironina:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe vasele sangvine, av\u00e2nd efect antagonist noradrenalinei ", + "2. scad absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei, ca \u0219i hidrocortizonul ", + "3. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor nevroglii din SNC \u0219i SNP ", + "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe mu\u0219chi, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd tonusul \u0219i for\u021ba contrac\u021biei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Melatonina:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea sexual\u0103 precoce ", + "2. influen\u021beaz\u0103 metabolismul mineral ", + "3. intervine \u00een actul na\u0219terii la om ", + "4. regleaz\u0103 metab olismul glucidic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi ac\u021biuni/efecte produse de neurohormoni:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. vasodilata\u021bia vaselor coronare \u0219i a celor din mu\u0219chii stria\u021bi ", + "2. contrac\u021bia celulelor mioepiteliale din pere\u021bii canalelor galactofore ", + "3. reducerea secre\u021biei sudorale \u0219i men\u021binerea volemiei ", + "4. stimu larea secre\u021biei de FSH \u0219i de LH a adenohipofizei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre hormonii secreta\u021bi de zona glomerular\u0103 a corticosuprarenalei:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. cresc presiunea arterial\u0103 \u0219i volumul sangvin prin reten\u021bia de Na+ \u0219i ap\u0103 ", + "2. scad pH -ul mediului intern ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii elimin\u0103rii H+ prin urin\u0103 ", + "3. au secre\u021bia reglat\u0103 de angiotensina II \u0219i de peptidul natriuretic atrial ", + "4. pot produce astenie, edeme mucoase \u0219i hiperpigmentare, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Melanodermia poate fi produs\u0103 ca urmare a:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. hiposecre\u021biei de mineralocortic oizi ", + "2. hiposecre\u021biei de glucocorticoizi ", + "3. stimul\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a adenohipofizei ", + "4. stimul\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a epifizei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Osul care prezint\u0103 cele mai multe puncte de inser\u021bie ale mu\u0219chilor fesieri:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. se articuleaz\u0103 cu un os inserat \u00een grosimea unui tendon ", + "2. particip\u0103 la realizarea unei sincondroze cu osul pereche ", + "3. face parte dintr -o articula\u021bie \u00een care apar fibrocartilaje semicirculare ", + "4. particip\u0103 la realizarea unei p\u00e2rghii cu rol de echilibru " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021biile trohleare pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. metacarpiene \u0219i oasele degetelor ", + "2. carpianul \u0219i metacarpianul din dreptul degetului mare ", + "3. osul bra\u021bului \u0219i osul medial al antebra\u021bului ", + "4. cele dou\u0103 oase ale antebra\u021bului at\u00e2t proximal, c\u00e2t \u0219i distal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Grupa mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei include mu\u0219chi care:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. realiz eaz\u0103 flexia capului prin contrac\u021bie bilateral\u0103 ", + "2. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een realizarea expira\u021biei for\u021bate ", + "3. trag scapulele \u00eenainte \u0219i \u00een jos ", + "4. apropie scapulele, fiind situa\u021bi \u00een plan profund " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Tetanosul incomplet:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. este un tip de contrac\u021bie \u00eent\u00e2lnit rar \u00een organism, de ex emplu frisonul ", + "2. presupune relax\u0103ri incomplete \u00eentre dou\u0103 contrac\u021bii succesive ", + "3. rezult\u0103 din suma\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a unor contrac\u021bii fuzionate (secuse) ", + "4. este determinat de aplicarea unor stimuli cu frecven\u021ba mic\u0103, de 10 -20/sec " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sternul, spre deosebire de osul coxal:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. este format din trei componente ", + "2. particip\u0103 la formarea unei cavit\u0103\u021bi osoase ", + "3. are \u021besut osos spongios \u0219i compact ", + "4. asigur\u0103 articularea unei centuri incomplete " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre osteogenez\u0103:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. cuprinde formarea \u021besutului osos, mineralizarea \u0219i remodela rea osoas\u0103 ", + "2. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de ac\u021biunea for\u021belor mecanice \u0219i gravita\u021bionale ", + "3. poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de hormoni \u0219i de enzime numite fosfataze ", + "4. implic\u0103 at\u00e2t cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime, c\u00e2t \u0219i cre\u0219terea \u00een grosime a oaselor lungi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Analiza unui schelet uman poate furniz a informa\u021bii despre v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate, astfel:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. epifizele sudate la diafize indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 25 de ani ", + "2. apendicele xifoid osificat indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 25 ani ", + "3. deform\u0103rile osoase pot indica boala numit\u0103 osteomalacie ", + "4. canalul medular \u00eengust indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 60 de ani " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen contrac\u021bia fibrei musculare netede, spre deosebire de contrac\u021bia fibrei musculare striate somatice:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. miofilamentele se scurteaz\u0103 \u0219i generea z\u0103 tensiune ", + "2. viteza de reac\u021bie e mai mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 particularit\u0103\u021bilor structurale ", + "3. ionii de Ca2+ declan\u0219eaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia prin formarea actomiozinei ", + "4. durata perioadei de contrac\u021bie \u0219i de relaxare e mai mare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Se pot separa astfel:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. ficatul de stomac - printr -un plan transversal ", + "B. trahea de esofag - printr -un plan frontal ", + "C. diafragma de intestinul gros - printr -un plan frontal ", + "D. rinichii de intestinul sub\u021bire - printr -un plan sagital " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la celul\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. bistratul lipidic membranar permite difuziunea simpl\u0103 a cortizolului \u0219i a corticotropinei ", + "B. pompele \u0219i canalele ionice func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu consum de energie ", + "C. glucide le \u0219i colesterol ul de pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 confer\u0103 plasmalemei aspect de mozaic ", + "D. proteinele sunt implicate \u00een realizarea jonc\u021biunilor intercelulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sec\u021bionarea cordonului post erior drept \u00een regiunea toracal\u0103 inferioar\u0103 afecteaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. kinestezia membrului superior drept ", + "B. tactul epicritic al membrului inferior st\u00e2ng ", + "C. kinestezia membrului superior st\u00e2ng ", + "D. tactul epicritic al membrului inferior drept " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele parasimpatice cu originea \u00een:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. nucleul dorsal al vagului - inerveaz\u0103 un organ digestiv din cavitatea pelvian\u0103 ", + "B. nucleul accesor al oculomotorului - sunt colinergice \u0219i amielinizate ", + "C. coarnele laterale sacrate - sinapseaz\u0103 \u00een ganglioni prevertebrali ", + "D. ganglioni intramurali - formeaz\u0103 plexuri mixte cu fibrele simpatice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre nervii cranieni se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. fibre ale nervului olfactiv pot ajunge la bulbul olfactiv opus, la epi - \u0219i hipotalamus ", + "B. un nerv III inerveaz\u0103 cinci mu\u0219chi stria\u021bi implica\u021bi \u00een fiziologia ochiului ", + "C. fibrele senzitivo -senzoriale ale nervului IX au origine \u00een ganglionii nodos \u0219i jugular ", + "D. nervul V inerveaz\u0103 motor, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, mu\u0219chii maseteri " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul cuneat:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. are pozi\u021bie medial\u0103 la nivelul cordonului posterior al m\u0103duvei cervicale ", + "B. conduce im pulsurile de la corpusculii Golgi p\u00e2n\u0103 la nucleul senzitiv Burdach ", + "C. este format din prelungirile centrale ale unor neuroni cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ", + "D. include fibre ne\u00eencruci\u0219ate cu originea \u00een cornul posterior al m\u0103duvei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la nervul spinal este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te canalul rahidian prin orificiul vertebral \u0219i se \u00eemparte \u00een 4 ramuri ", + "B. trunchiul con\u021bine prelungiri celulifuge ale neuronilor din ganglionul spinal ", + "C. con\u021bine fibre somat osenzitive \u00een trei din cele cinci ramuri mixte ", + "D. ramura meningeal\u0103 include fibre cu originea \u00een lan\u021bul ganglionar paravertebral " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. celule musculare cu inerva\u021bie din ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie \u0219i glande holocrine ", + "B. vase de s\u00e2nge asupra c\u0103rora adrenalina are efect vasodilata tor ", + "C. corpusculii Meissner pentru atingeri puternice \u0219i discurile Merkel pentru atingeri fine ", + "D. fibre de colagen, elastice \u0219i numeroase elemente celulare \u00een stratul reticular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "C\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 mut\u0103 privirea de la un obiect situat la 1 metru fa\u021b\u0103 de ochi la unul situat la 3 met ri fa\u021b\u0103 de ochi, se produc urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. scade capacitatea de refrac\u021bie a cristalinului ", + "B. se detensioneaz\u0103 ligament ul suspensor ", + "C. scade raza de curbur\u0103 a cristalinului ", + "D. se contract\u0103 musculatura ciliar\u0103 circular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen nucleii terminali pentru ramura cohlear\u0103 a ner vului acustico -vestibular:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. impulsurile provenite de la baza melcului activeaz\u0103 to\u021bi neuronii ", + "B. ajung dendritele neuronilor senzitivi din ramura auditiv\u0103 a nervului cranian VIII ", + "C. impulsurile provenite de la v\u00e2rful melcului se vor transforma \u00een senza\u021bii de sune te joase ", + "D. se afl\u0103 neuroni care trimit impulsuri ce vor ajunge \u00een final \u00een lobii temporali drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la analizatorul olfactiv este corect\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. chemoreceptorii sunt \u00een partea antero -superioar\u0103 a foselor nazale ", + "B. butonul olfactiv con\u021bine celule nervoase de tip mitral stelat ", + "C. nervii olfactivi pleac\u0103 de la polul bazal al receptorilor ", + "D. tracturile olfactive sunt partea periferic\u0103 a c\u0103ii olfactive " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Hiperglicemia poate determina o:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. hipersecre\u021bie de adrenalin\u0103 ", + "B. hiposecre\u021bie de insulin\u0103 ", + "C. hipersecre\u021bie de glucagon ", + "D. hiposecre\u021bie de glucocorticoizi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ACTH:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een concentra\u021bii plasmatice crescute inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de CRH prin feed -back lung ", + "B. exercit\u0103 indirect efecte melanocitostimulatoare, ca \u0219i MSH ", + "C. este secretat \u00een exces \u00een boala Addison, provoc\u00e2nd hiperpigmentarea cutanat\u0103 ", + "D. este un hormon sterolic eliberat \u00een capilarele portale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte exercitate de neurosecre\u021bii eliberate \u00een cantitate normal\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. ocitocina - p\u0103strare a memoriei dureroase legat\u0103 de actul na\u0219terii ", + "B. somatostatina enteric\u0103 - inhibarea secre\u021biei acidului anorganic gastric ", + "C. vasopresina - inhibar ea per istaltismului intestinal \u0219i hiperglicemie ", + "D. epinefrina - vasodilata\u021bie \u0219i glicogenoliz\u0103 la nivel hepatic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de aldosteron:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. este stimula t\u0103 direct de angiotensina I \u0219i , \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 , de ACTH ", + "B. cre\u0219te, dac\u0103 natr iemia scade, iar potasemia \u0219i pH -ul sangvin cresc ", + "C. este inhibat\u0103 de hipervolemie, hiperkal iemie \u0219i hipotensiune ", + "D. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de peptidul natrio -uretic atrial, \u00een condi\u021bii de hiperte nsiune " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia insulelor \u03b2 pancreatice determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. lipogenez\u0103 \u00een mu\u0219chi ", + "B. captarea aminoacizilor \u00een \u021besutul adipos ", + "C. cre\u0219terea gluconeogenezei \u00een ficat ", + "D. sinteza de glicerol \u00een \u021besutul adipos " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen scheletul membrului superior:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. radiusul este situat lateral, iar tibia medial ", + "B. epifiza proximal\u0103 a humerusului se articuleaz\u0103 cu clavicula ", + "C. ambele haluce prezint\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 4 falange ", + "D. osificarea ulnei a inclus diviziunea, hipertrofierea \u0219i apoptoza condrocitelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen osteogenez\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een cartilaj apar centri primari de osificare \u00eent\u00e2i \u00een epifiz\u0103, apoi \u00een diafize ", + "B. se transform\u0103 \u021besutul cartilaginos sau conjunctivo -fibros al embrionului ", + "C. osificarea secundar\u0103 se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea osului brut, nefunc\u021bional ", + "D. osificarea epifizelor se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een copil\u0103rie, \u00een paralel cu cre\u0219terea lor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre oasele antebra\u021bului este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een prona\u021bie, cele dou\u0103 oase, radius \u0219i ulna, sunt paralele ", + "B. ulna este situat\u0103 medial, \u00een dreptul policelui ", + "C. radiusul dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te ulna prin epifiza lui proximal\u0103 ", + "D. ambele oase prezint\u0103 c\u00e2te un proces stiloid la nivelul epifizei distale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Odat\u0103 cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. punctul proxim se apropie de ochi din cauza sc\u0103derii elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului ", + "B. canalul medular al oaselor lungi se l\u0103rge\u0219te datorit\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bii osteoclastelor ", + "C. trompa lui Eustachio se scurteaz\u0103 \u0219i se orizontalizeaz\u0103 ", + "D. fontanelele, apendicele xifoid, cartilajele metafizare \u0219i cele articulare se osific\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre contrac\u021biile unice se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. intensitatea stimulului influen\u021beaz\u0103 amplitudinea lor ", + "B. durata lor medie este de 0,01 s ", + "C. se tetanizeaz\u0103 complet la stimuli cu frecven\u021ba de 10 -20/sec ", + "D. sunt independente de stimularea central\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Gamba con\u021bine urm\u0103torii mu\u0219chi \u00een loja:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. anterioar\u0103 - tibial anterior \u0219i extensori ai degetelor ", + "B. medial\u0103 - peronier scurt \u0219i peronier lung ", + "C. posterioar\u0103, superficial - tibia l posterior \u0219i flexori ai degetelor ", + "D. posterioar\u0103 - tricepsul sural format din solear superficial \u0219i gastrocnemian profund " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Tonusul muscular al mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps femural:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. are la baz\u0103 reflexe medulare lombare caracterizate de fenomenul iradierii ", + "B. dispare dup\u0103 sec\u021bionarea nervilor femurali proveni\u021bi din plexul sacral ", + "C. scade \u00een timpul somnului \u0219i sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i cre\u0219te \u00een termogenez\u0103 ", + "D. se afl\u0103 sub controlulul spinocerebelului, corpilor stria\u021bi, nucleului ro\u0219u " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre mu \u0219chi \u0219i mi\u0219carea realizat\u0103 prin contrac\u021bia lor:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. semitendino\u0219ii - realizeaz\u0103 flexia gambei pe coaps\u0103 \u0219i a coapsei pe bazin ", + "B. drep\u021bii mediali - realizeaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea de abduc\u021bie a coapselor ", + "C. tibialii anteriori - realizeaz\u0103 flexia dorsal\u0103 \u0219i supina\u021bia piciorului ", + "D. supinatorii piciorului - coboar\u0103 marginea intern\u0103 a plantei \u0219i o ridic\u0103 pe cea extern\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia pancreatic\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. are efect hipoglicemiant prin insulin\u0103 \u0219i \u03b1 -amilaza pancreatic\u0103 ", + "B. cea ductal\u0103 con\u021bine un anion \u00een cantitate mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", + "C. con\u021bine Na+ \u0219i K+ \u00een concentra\u021bie mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", + "D. este stimulat\u0103 de fibre ale nervului X provenite din nucleul ambiguu " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Printre reac\u021biile chimice care au loc \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire se num\u0103r\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. digerarea a 30% din proteinele ingerate \u00een aminoacizi \u0219i peptide ", + "B. activarea chimotripsinogenului, a carboxipeptidazelor \u0219i a pepsinogenului ", + "C. digestia proteinelor fibroase de c\u0103tre elastaza activat\u0103 de tripsin\u0103 ", + "D. hidroliza amidonului, glicogenului \u0219i a celulozei p\u00e2n\u0103 la dizaharide " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre enzimele digestive este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. zaharaza realizeaz\u0103 ultima etap\u0103, cea intestinal\u0103, \u00een digestia amidonului ", + "B. formar ea pepsin ei este favorizat\u0103 de gastrin a gastric\u0103 prin stimularea secre\u021biei de HCl ", + "C. enterokinaza diger\u0103 proteinele \u0219i polipeptidele p\u00e2n\u0103 la stadiul de oligopeptide ", + "D. cele biliare \u00ee ndeplinesc \u0219i rol bacteriostatic \u0219i de favorizare a peristaltismului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Flora bacterian\u0103 din intestinul gros:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. fermenteaz\u0103 un polizaharid vegetal, cu formare de acizi anorganici iritan\u021bi \u0219i gaze ", + "B. sintetizeaz\u0103 unele vitamine hidrosolubile (din complexul B, vitamina C) ", + "C. genereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i toxici ce pot fi neutraliza\u021bi \u00een ficat (de exemplu, prin sinteza ureei) ", + "D. include bacili coli \u0219i lactici, anaerobi, care pot fi distru\u0219i de tratamentul cu antibiotice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii compu\u0219i sunt sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. acizii bi liari, care se combin\u0103 cu anumi\u021bi acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i cu Na+ ", + "B. hidrocortizonul, care activeaz\u0103 catabolismul proteic hepatic \u0219i muscular ", + "C. aldosteronul, a c\u0103rui hipersecre\u021bie determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de HCO 3- ", + "D. testosteronul, care inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de osein\u0103 \u0219i depunerea Ca2+ \u00een oase " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 referitoare la enzime:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. peptidazele pot ac\u021biona \u00een exteriorul sau \u00een interiorul enterocitelor ", + "B. inhibitorul tripsinei previne activarea tripsinogenului \u00een celulele acinare ", + "C. enterochinaza asociat\u0103 marginii \u00een perie activeaz\u0103 precursorul chimotripsinei ", + "D. amilazele furnizeaz\u0103 substratul unor enzime asociate cu microvilii enterocitelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Se poate g\u0103si colesterol \u00een structura:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondriilor, centrozomului ", + "2. dictiozomilor, lizozomilor ", + "3. ribozomilor, reticulului endoplasmatic ", + "4. mitocondriilor, aparatului Golgi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Con\u021bin fibre elastice urm\u0103toarele structuri:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. epiglota ", + "2. membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + " 3. cristaloida ", + "4. mu\u0219chiul cubital anterior " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre glande este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. paratiroidele con\u021bin celule principale \u0219i celule oxifile ", + "2. glandele Lieberk \u00fchn \u0219i Br \u00fcnner sunt glande tubuloase ", + "3. glanda pineal\u0103 are celule gliale inervate de fibre din ganglionul cervical superior ", + "4. glandele parotide \u0219i lacrimale sunt glande tubuloacinoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sec\u021bionarea cordonului lateral drept la nivel cervical superior afecteaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. termia p\u0103r\u021bii drepte a trunchiului ", + "2. durerea somatic\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bii st\u00e2ngi toracale \u0219i abdominale ", + "3. tactul p\u0103r\u021bii drepte a trunchiului ", + "4. sim\u021bul tonusului musculaturii membrului inferior drept " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Prin stimularea unor nuclei vegetativi din trunchiul cerebral se produce:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. stimularea peristaltismului gastric \u0219i a secre\u021biei de HCl a glandelor oxintice ", + "2. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ciliari cir culari care determin\u0103 mioz\u0103 ", + "3. stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase de la nivelul arborelui bron\u0219ic ", + "4. contrac\u021bia detrusorului \u0219i relaxarea sfincterului vezical intern " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul reticulat ascendent activator:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. prime\u0219te colaterale desprinse din calea auditiv\u0103 ", + "2. este stimulat de epinefrin\u0103 \u0219i norepinefrin\u0103 ", + "3. particip\u0103 la circuitul prin care cortexul \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine tonusul ", + "4. conduce impulsurile rapid \u0219i le proiecteaz\u0103 cortical difuz " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre unele reflexe este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. pot avea centrul la nivelul unei singure sinapse in terneuronale ", + "2. se pot \u00eenchide \u0219i \u00een nuclei ce apar\u021bin unei forma\u021biuni diencefalice ", + "3. pot fi abolite \u00een cazul unor leziuni ale nervului trigemen ", + "4. pot avea centri corticali (secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 declan\u0219at\u0103 de stimuli vizuali) " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Originea real\u0103 a unor fibre ale nervilor cranieni se afl\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een nucleul ambiguu - fibre somatice care inerveaz\u0103 faringele \u0219i laringele ", + "2. \u00eentr-un ganglion pe fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii temporalului - fibre senzitive distribuite la pielea fe\u021bei ", + "3. \u00een ganglionul inferior - fibre viscerosenzitive pe ntru zone reflexogene cardiovasculare ", + "4. pe fa\u021ba posterioar\u0103 mezencefalic\u0103, sub lama cvadrigemina - fibre somatice pentru mu\u0219chiul oblic superior " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii somatomotori ai nervilor cranieni III sunt influen\u021ba\u021bi de:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii vestibulari - \u00een mi\u0219c\u0103rile labirintice ale globilor oculari ", + "2. fasciculele corticonucleare - \u00een mi\u0219c\u0103rile voluntare ale globilor oculari ", + "3. ariile vizuale \u0219i coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori - \u00een reflexul de acomodare ", + "4. nucleul accesor al oculomotorului - \u00een reflexul pupilar fotomotor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Impulsurile nervoase declan\u0219ate de lumina provenit\u0103 din c\u00e2mpul monocular st\u00e2ng sunt transmise:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. prin nervul optic st\u00e2ng ", + "2. prin ambele tracturi optice ", + "3. prin ambele radia\u021bii optice ", + "4. la ambele emisfere cerebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea receptorilor maculari:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. are loc pe toat\u0103 durata men\u021binerii pozi\u021biei, prin deplasarea endolimfei \u0219i a cupulei ", + "2. se realizeaz\u0103 la accelerarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii corpului \u00eenainte, \u00eenapoi sau lateral ", + " 3. permite detectarea vitezei de deplasare liniar\u0103 a corpului, respectiv a capului ", + "4. are loc prin a ccelera\u021bii lini are orizontale \u0219i verticale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Analizatorul gustativ se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. receptorii gustativi au cel mai sc\u0103zut prag de excitare pentru zaharuri, glicoli, alcooli ", + "2. impulsurile provenite de la chemo receptorii de contact sunt conduse prin tra ctul solitar ", + "3. impulsurile gustative sunt conduse rapid pe calea indirect\u0103 \u0219i proiectate cortical difuz ", + "4. mugurii din bolta palatin\u0103 percep mai ales gusturile determinate de acizi \u0219i de alcaloizi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Timusul:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. este o gland\u0103 mixt\u0103 cu pozi\u021bie retrosternal\u0103 ", + "2. secre\u021biile sale cuprind hormoni deriva\u021bi din catecolamine ", + "3. la pubertate dispare, fiind specific copil\u0103riei ", + "4. are o secre\u021bie antagonic\u0103 PTH -ului \u00een privin\u021ba mineraliz\u0103rii osoase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt consecin\u021be ale afect\u0103rii nucleilor hipotalamici:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. mijlocii - perturbarea unor secre\u021bii suprarenaliene, tiroidiene, gonadice ", + "2. posteriori - hiposecre\u021bia de somatomedine ", + "3. anteriori - eliminarea unor cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de urin\u0103 diluat\u0103 ", + "4. anteriori - afectarea secre\u021biei \u0219i ejec\u021biei de lapte " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Diabetul insipid \u0219i diabetul zaharat pot avea \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. polidipsia \u0219i poliuria ", + "2. polifagia \u0219i dezechilibre acido -bazice ", + "3. dezechilibre electrolitice ", + "4. glicozuria \u0219i deficitul reten\u021b iei de ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la hipotalamus:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. prin secre\u021bia de ADH reduce secre\u021bia glandelor salivare, sudoripare \u0219i colice ", + "2. stimuleaz\u0103 eliberarea de TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH \u0219i de MSH din adenohipofiz\u0103 ", + "3. influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct activitatea unor celule ce includ miofilamente contractile ", + "4. secret\u0103 doi hormoni, cu precursor comun, care stimuleaz\u0103 melanogeneza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale hormonilor pe metabolismul intermediar:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. insulina \u0219i tiroxina stimuleaz\u0103 transportul glucozei la nivelul plasmalemei ", + "2. insulina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de corpi cetonici la nivelul unor celule binucleate ", + "3. glicoliza este stimulat\u0103 de insulin\u0103 \u0219i de tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i influen\u021bat\u0103 de somatotrop ", + "4. tiroxina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza colesterolului \u00een celulele hepatice \u0219i adipoase " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul capului:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. mandibula este str\u0103b\u0103tut\u0103 de o ramur\u0103 mixt\u0103 a unui nerv cranian ", + "2. mu\u0219chiul oblic superior este fixat pe un os al orbitei ", + "3. fa\u021ba inferioar\u0103 a lobului posterior al cerebelului se afl\u0103 deasupra occipitalului ", + "4. puntea lui Varolio este delimitat\u0103 anterior de osul sfenoid " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la tipul de articula\u021bie:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. temporal - parietal - sindesmoz\u0103 ", + "2. falang\u0103 - metacarpian - artrodie ", + "3. vertebrele L5 \u2013 S1 - diartroz\u0103 ", + "4. vertebrele S1 - S2 - amfiartroz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la num\u0103rul oaselor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. membrul liber superior \u0219i cel inferior au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de oase ", + "2. craniul are 22 de oase, 8 nepereche, 7 pereche ", + " 3. \u00een structura bazin ului se identific\u0103 15-16 oase, unele unite pe parcursul evolu\u021biei ", + "4. num\u0103rul vertebrelor este egal cu num\u0103rul perechilor de nervi spinali " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul pelvisului osos:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. canalul vertebral sacral con\u021bine ramurile dorsale \u0219i ventrale ale nervilor sacrali ", + "2. este prezent\u0103 o sincondroz\u0103, care vine \u00een raport posterior cu vezica urinar\u0103 ", + "3. este g\u0103zduit\u0103 o cavitate ce con\u021bine plexurile hipogastrice care inerveaz\u0103 ansele intestinale ", + "4. \u00ee\u0219i au originea cei \u0219ase mu\u0219chi fesieri, care realizeaz\u0103 extensia coapsei pe bazin " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "O fibr\u0103 muscular\u0103 extrafusal\u0103:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. este delimitat\u0103 de sarcolem\u0103 la exteriorul c\u0103reia se afl\u0103 endomisium ", + "2. are pu\u021bin\u0103 citoplasm\u0103, numai cu organite celulare specifice ", + "3. con\u021bine sarcomere , care se g\u0103sesc \u0219i \u00een fibrele intrafusale ", + "4. este alungit\u0103, uninucleat\u0103 \u0219i str\u0103b\u0103t ut\u0103 de invagina\u021bii membranare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Un sarcomer con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. dou\u0103 membrane Z \u0219i o band\u0103 H ", + "2. miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u0219i de miozin\u0103 ", + "3. un disc \u00eentunecat \u0219i dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de discuri clare ", + "4. o band\u0103 A \u0219i o band\u0103 I " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Tonusul muscular:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe stimularea fusurilor neuromusculare prin motoneuronii \u03b1 (alfa) ", + "2. este controlat de paleocerebel prin eferen\u021be precum cele dento -rubrice ", + "3. poate ap\u0103rea ca urmare a contrac\u021biei exagerate a fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", + "4. se p\u0103streaz\u0103 prin reflexe mi otatice care pot fi influen\u021bate tiroidian " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "For\u021ba de contrac\u021bie a mu\u0219chiului striat cardiac este stimulat\u0103 de urm\u0103torii hormoni :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. epinefrin\u0103, care \u00eei influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u0219i excitabilitatea \u0219i conductibilitatea ", + "2. glucagon, care cre\u0219te \u0219i frecven\u021ba contrac\u021biilor ", + "3. tiroxin\u0103, care \u00een hipersecre\u021bie poate induce \u0219i tahicardie ", + "4. acetilcolin\u0103, care \u00eei cre\u0219te \u0219i perioada refractar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. se poate hipe rtrofia prin contrac\u021bii \u00een care nu presteaz\u0103 lucru mecanic extern ", + "2. are dou\u0103 origini, una pe scapul\u0103 \u0219i alta pe humerus \u0219i inser\u021bia pe radius ", + "3. are inerva\u021bia somatic\u0103, senzitiv\u0103 \u0219i motorie, asigurat\u0103 din plexul brahial ", + "4. este agonist unui mu\u0219chi cu trei capete de origine \u0219i inser\u021bie pe uln\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la activitatea muscular\u0103:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. percu\u021bia tendonului mu\u0219chiului triceps sural declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un reflex monosinaptic ", + "2. \u00een contrac\u021biile tetanice, exist\u0103 relax\u0103ri \u00eentre stimulii repetitivi, indiferent de frecven\u021ba lor ", + "3. secusa are o faz\u0103 de relaxare mai lung\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea de con trac\u021bie ", + "4. fenomenele biochimice ale contrac\u0163iei transform\u0103 30% din energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie caloric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre bil\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. s\u0103rurile biliare se reabsorb activ \u00een intestinul distal ", + "2. acizii biliari au un precursor comun cu hormonii corticosuprarenalieni ", + "3. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een hepatocite \u0219i la nivelul ductelor biliare ", + "4. secre\u021bia sa este stimulat\u0103 de colecistochinin\u0103 \u0219i de acetilcolin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Stomacul prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. mi\u0219c\u0103ri de amestec, determinate de contrac\u021bia fibrelor musculare oblice ", + "2. glande a c\u0103ror secr e\u021bie poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 reflex \u00een urma stimul\u0103rii neuronilor olfactivi ", + "3. relaxare receptiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de neuroni mienterici inhibitori ", + "4. la limita superioar\u0103, un sfincter deschis de simpatic \u0219i \u00eenchis de parasimpatic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 este influen\u021bat\u0103 de vasopresin\u0103 \u0219i de aldosteron ", + "2. unele enzime pot trece din starea inactiv\u0103 \u00een cea activ\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103 ", + "3. lizozimul, HCl \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni antibacteriene ", + "4. secre\u021bia glandelor cardiale influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia ilea l\u0103 a vitaminei B 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la alc\u0103tuirea corpului uman:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u021ba cromatofil\u0103 se extinde \u0219i \u00een axoplasm\u0103 ", + "B. celulele satelite \u0219i ependimare con\u021bin neurofibrile, iar fibrele musculare con\u021bin miofibrile ", + "C. centrozomul lipse\u0219te \u00een \u021besutul nervos ", + "D. permeabilitatea selectiv\u0103 poate determina apari\u021bia curen\u021bilor electrici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Din mezoderm se formeaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. s\u00e2ngele \u0219i ganglionii spinali ", + "B. peritoneul \u0219i plexurile intramurale ", + "C. timusul \u0219i corticosuprarenalele ", + "D. dentina molarilor \u0219i premolarilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre \u00eenveli\u0219ul nuclear este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. este o structur\u0103 membranar\u0103 dubl\u0103, similar\u0103 membranelor reticulare care \u00eel continu\u0103 ", + "B. este alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 straturi simple de fosfolipide ", + "C. prezint\u0103 pori, care permit mediului intern nuclear s\u0103 comunice cu citoplasma ", + "D. con\u021bine crom ozomi alc\u0103tui\u021bi din acizi nucleici, proteine, lipide \u0219i ioni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mitocondrii este corect urm\u0103torul enun\u021b:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een interiorul lor, respira\u021bia celular\u0103 este complet\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se formeaz\u0103 ap\u0103 ", + "B. sunt mai pu\u021bin numeroase \u00een fibrele striate cu control involuntar dec\u00e2t \u00een cele cu contrac\u021bii voluntare ", + "C. la nivelul lor are loc fosforilarea adenozintrifosfatului cu ajutorul fosfocreatinei ", + "D. degradeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t molecule de substan\u021be organice c\u00e2t \u0219i anorganice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Osteoblastele \u0219i osteoclastele:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 componentele organice ale osului ", + "B. sunt localizate \u00een areole la nivelul matricei osoase ", + "C. sunt celule embrionare ce pot remodela osul ", + "D. se asociaz\u0103 cu toate tipurile de oase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asem\u0103narea dintre \u021besutul nervos \u0219i cel muscular scheletic:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. sunt alc\u0103tuite din celule fusiforme plurinucleate ", + "B. se asociaz\u0103 cu \u021besut conjunctiv moale, care se poate organiza sub form\u0103 de teci ", + " C. con\u021bin celule care prezint\u0103 activitate secretorie endocrin\u0103 ", + "D. \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii celulare, organitele specifice fibrilare \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 lungimea " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la poten\u0163ialul de membran\u0103 al celulelor nervoase centrale este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een prezen\u0163a unui stimul prag, celula \u00ee\u015fi men\u0163ine constant\u0103 concentra\u0163ia intracelular\u0103 a ionilor de Na+\u015fi K+ ", + "B. odat\u0103 atins pragul de excitabilitate, repolarizarea devine spontan\u0103 ", + "C. celulele stimulate electric genereaz\u0103 poten\u021biale de ac\u0163iune prin modificarea poten\u0163ialului de membran\u0103 ", + "D. stimulii supraliminari determin\u0103 o reac\u0163ie de r\u0103spuns mai ampl\u0103 dec\u00e2t stimulii prag " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre termenii \u201ecomisur\u0103\u201d sau \u201efibre comisurale\u201d se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. comisurile albe medular\u0103 \u0219i emisferic\u0103 sunt pozi\u021bionate anterior ", + "B. la nivel medular comisura cenu\u0219ie este situat\u0103 superior celei albe ", + "C. fibrele comisurale cerebeloase sunt prezente \u00een pedunculii cerebrali ", + "D. con\u021b in fibre nervoase scurte ce asociaz\u0103 zone intraemisferice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ramurile ventrale ale nervilor spinali:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bin prelungiri centripete mielinizate \u0219i axoni amielinici ", + "B. sunt mixte, deoarece con\u021bin fibre somatice \u0219i vegetative ", + "C. pot forma nervii intercostali, care sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 12 ", + "D. con\u021bin acela\u0219i tip de fibre \u0219i au aceia\u0219i grosime ca ramurile dorsale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. originea fibrelor senzoriale \u00eentr -un ganglion situat pe traseul nervului ", + "B. influen\u021barea activit\u0103\u021bii mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi p rin impulsurile transmise ", + "C. conducerea de impulsuri pentru sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u021bii cefalice ", + "D. localizarea nucleilor de origine \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebral " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. \u00ee\u0219i are limi ta superioar\u0103 la nivelul emergen\u021bei nervului cranian C1 ", + "B. prezint\u0103 o intumescen\u021b\u0103 toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 \u0219i alta lombar\u0103 ", + "C. cele dou\u0103 fascicule gracilis sunt desp\u0103r\u021bite de un \u0219an\u021b aflat \u00een rela\u021bie cu pia mater ", + "D. fisura median\u0103 ventral\u0103 desparte cele dou\u0103 fa scicule piramidale \u00eencruci\u0219ate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la c\u0103ile ascendente ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. fasciculul cuneat apare numai \u00een m\u0103duva cervical\u0103 ", + "B. includ axoni ne\u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ce tranziteaz\u0103 puntea ", + "C. includ c\u0103i spinotalamice ce conduc impulsuri ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bii exteroceptive \u0219i interoceptive ", + "D. fasciculul spinocerebelos direct este situat medial de fasciculul spinotalamic lateral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la reflexele presoare cardiovasculare este corect s\u0103 se afirme:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. sunt declan\u0219ate de cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een artera carotid\u0103 ", + "B. constau \u00een reglarea tensiunii arteriale prin fenomene de vasoconstric\u021bie ", + "C. determin\u0103 bradicardie \u0219i sc\u0103derea for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie a inimii ", + "D. au centrii reflec\u0219i \u00een nucleii vegetativi parasimpatici ai unor nervi cranieni " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre tipul inerva\u021biei limbii \u0219i nervul implicat:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. senzitiv\u0103 \u2013 nervul glosofaringian ", + "B. motorie \u2013 nervul cranian VII ", + "C. senzitiv\u0103 \u2013 nervul maxilar ", + "D. senzorial\u0103 \u2013 nervul cranian X " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre analizatori este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. la nivelul stratului germinativ se afl\u0103 celule care con\u021bin o secre\u021bie cu rol protector ", + "B. cele dou\u0103 regiuni ale tunicii fibroase a globului ocular sunt avascularizate \u0219i egale ca \u00eentindere ", + " C. axul optic t rece prin mijlocul cristaloidei \u0219i zonulei Zinn ", + "D. membrana vestibular\u0103 se sprijin\u0103 pe membrana tectoria \u00een interiorul canalului cohlear " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Senza\u0163ia de culoare este elaborat\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. la nivelul zonei retiniene care prezint\u0103 cea mai mare acuitate vizual\u0103 ", + "B. prin prelucrarea impulsurilor a c\u0103ror fuzionare \u00eencepe \u00een corpii genicula\u021bi mediali ", + "C. la nivelul celulelor ce con\u021bin iodopsin\u0103 \u00een discuri membranare din segmentul extern ", + "D. la nivelul ariei 17 a lui Brodmann situat\u0103 pe marginile unui \u0219an\u021b orizontal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale protoneuronilor c\u0103ilor auditiv\u0103 \u0219i vizual\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. pot transmite impulsuri nervoase ce men\u021bin o specializare zonal\u0103 la nivelul sta\u021biilor urm\u0103toare ", + "B. apar\u021bin unui grup de corpi neuronali localiza\u021bi \u00een afara sistemului nervos central ", + "C. sunt neuroni bipolari de form\u0103 oval\u0103, av\u00e2nd pericarionul localizat la nivelul structurii receptoare ", + "D. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een dou\u0103 sinapse interneuronale, at\u00e2t cu celula receptoare, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu deutoneuronul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre hormonii hiperglicemian\u021b i produ\u0219i de epitelii secretoare:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. STH-ul \u0219i insulina stimuleaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea aminoacizilor \u00een celul\u0103 ", + "B. adrenalina, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hormonii tiroidieni, activeaz\u0103 metabolismul energetic ", + "C. ADH -ul, aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul nefronului ", + "D. at\u00e2t cortizolul, c\u00e2t \u0219i glucagonul, au efect lipolitic, stimul\u00e2nd lipazele " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni cu efect hipocolesterolemiant, se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een interiorul celulelor parafoliculare ", + "B. are loc prin iodarea tiroxinei d in structura tireoglobulinei ", + "C. este stimulat\u0103 de un hormon care determin\u0103 \u0219i eliberarea lor din coloid ", + "D. se depoziteaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de triiodotironin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre secre\u021bia de STH se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. stimuleaz\u0103 osificarea encondral\u0103, dup\u0103 pubertate ", + "B. \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 toate efectele prin intermediul somatomedinelor ", + "C. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a oaselor bol\u021bii cutiei craniene, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie, la adult ", + "D. hiposecre\u021bia sa, la copil, determin\u0103 acelea\u0219i efecte asupra dezvolt\u0103rii somatice, ca \u0219i hipotiroidismul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ionii de Ca2+:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. asigur\u0103 coagularea laptelui determinat\u0103 de labferment \u00een intestinul proximal al sugarilor ", + "B. influen\u021beaz\u0103 procesele de exocitoz\u0103 la nivelul ramifica\u021biilor axonice butonate ", + "C. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu troponina, determin\u00e2nd eliberarea situsuril or miozinei ", + "D. favorizeaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a vitaminei D sensibilizat\u0103 de parathormon " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la articula\u021bii:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. articula\u021biile dintre corpurile vertebrale devin sinostoze cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", + "B. artrodia de la nivelul genunchiului include componente cartilaginoase ", + "C. articula\u021biile sinoviale con\u021bin un lichid secretat de o prelungire fibroas\u0103 a periostului ", + "D. sindesmozele includ \u0219i suturile solzoase dintre osul frontal \u0219i oasele temporale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia cor ect\u0103 referitoare la activitatea musculaturii scheletice:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. const\u0103 \u00een contrac\u021bii tetanice complete, dac\u0103 timpul dintre stimulii succesivi este mai mare de 0,10 s ", + "B. la aplicarea unui stimul unic cu valoarea prag, realizeaz\u0103 o contrac\u021bie cu o durat\u0103 total\u0103 de 0,0 1 s ", + "C. presupune transformarea energiei chimice \u00een energie caloric\u0103 cu un randament de 30% ", + "D. la o frecven\u021b\u0103 medie a stimul\u0103rii de 15 stimuli/secund\u0103, const\u0103 \u00een contrac\u021bii fuzionate cu grafic din\u021bat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul gambei se g\u0103sesc mu\u0219chi:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. care fac extensia labei piciorului \u0219i flexia degetelor, situa\u021bi \u00een loja anterioar\u0103 ", + "B. peronieri, lung \u0219i scurt, situa\u021bi \u00een loja antero -medial\u0103 ", + "C. situa\u021bi posterior, ce con\u021bin receptori \u0219i efectori pentru un reflex osteotendinos ", + "D. tibiali, situa\u021bi \u00een plan superfici al, \u00een lojele anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta care descrie corect asocierea dintre mu\u0219chi \u0219i ac\u021biunile produse:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. pectoralii mici ridic\u0103 bra\u021bele la vertical\u0103 ", + "B. romboizii apropie claviculele de coloana vertebral\u0103 ", + "C. oblicii externi flexeaz\u0103 bazinul pe torace ", + "D. tricep\u0219ii surali realizeaz\u0103 flexia picioarelor pe gambe " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre substan\u021bele implicate \u00een digestie:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. lipidele, spre deosebire de glucide, con\u021bin mai mult oxigen \u00een moleculele lor ", + "B. glucidele, la fel ca lipidele, sunt substan\u021be organice ternare ", + "C. glucoza, lactoza, fructoza se ob\u021bin ca rezultat final al digestiei glucidelor ", + "D. bicarbona\u021bii asigur\u0103 un mediu optim pentru digestia dipeptidelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Indica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 referitoare la constituen\u021bii bilei:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. s\u0103rurile biliare, secretate activ la polul vascular al hepatocitelor, activeaz\u0103 lipazele ", + "B. lecitina particip\u0103 la emulsionarea lipidelor \u0219i la formarea miceliilor hidrosolubile ", + "C. s\u0103rurile biliare ajung \u00een vena centrolobular\u0103 prin circuitul enterohepatic ", + "D. bilirubina este excretat\u0103 prin bil\u0103 \u0219i reabsorbit\u0103 la nivel ileal, odat\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Acidul clorhidric din sucul gastric prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. favorizeaz\u0103 activitatea ptialinei ", + "B. confer\u0103 pH -ul optim pentru activitatea hidrolitic\u0103 a pepsinei ", + "C. inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de somatostatin\u0103 ", + "D. favorizeaz\u0103 proliferarea bacteriilor \u00een stomac " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Chilomicronii:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. str\u0103bat membranele apical\u0103 \u0219i bazolateral\u0103 a enterocitelor, prin difuziune ", + "B. includ acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide \u0219i colesterol ", + "C. sunt transporta\u021b i prin chilifere \u0219i vase limfatice c\u0103tre ficat ", + "D. sunt forma\u021bi \u00een enterocite cu ajutorul unor proteine endogene " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Pancreasul:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. este un organ peritoneal care are raport superior cu trunchiul celiac \u0219i posterior cu aorta abdominal\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bine predominant celule alfa, a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este reglat\u0103, \u00een principal, prin impulsuri declan\u0219ate de chemoreceptori, \u00een func\u021bie de nivelul glicemiei ", + "C. poate fi afectat secundar \u00een cazul unor afec\u021biuni biliare, c\u00e2nd \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 fenomene de necroz\u0103 aso ciate cu dureri puternice la nivel epigastric ", + "D. secret\u0103 un suc care are efecte similare asupra lipidelor cu cel secretat de o alt\u0103 gland\u0103 anex\u0103 abdominal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r mare la nivelul osteoclastelor ", + "2. particip\u0103 la procesele de fagocitoz\u0103 ", + "3. sunt prezen\u021bi \u0219i \u00een interiorul macrofagelor ", + "4. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een citoplasma tuturor ramifica\u021biilor axonale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Celule epiteliale din structura foliculilor sunt implicate \u00een sinteza unor:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. hormoni sterolici a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este reglat\u0103 prin feedback umoral ", + "2. substan\u021be active care influen\u021beaz\u0103 miocardul de lucru ", + "3. hormoni cu rol \u00een mineralizarea osoas\u0103 ", + "4. substan\u021be active care relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 arteriolar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul structurilor implicate \u00een procesul respirator se pot \u00eent\u00e2lni urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besuturi:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. epitelial de acoperire unistratificat cubic ", + "2. conjunctiv semidur cartilaginos hialin ", + "3. epitelial de acoperire pseudostratificat cilindric ciliat ", + "4. conjunctiv semidur cartilaginos elastic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021ba nervoas\u0103 cenu\u0219ie:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. are aspect compact la nivel medular ", + "2. poate fi organizat\u0103 \u00een straturi celulare \u0219i dispus\u0103 superficial ", + "3. este fragmentat\u0103 \u00een nuclei la nivelul mezencefalului ", + "4. poate con\u021bine ce ntri nervo\u0219i somatici \u0219i vegetativi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Un accident vascular \u00een emisfera cerebral\u0103 dreapt\u0103 poate afecta:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. interpretarea impulsurilor provenite din labirintul membranos st\u00e2ng \u0219i drept ", + "2. elaborarea senza\u021biilor bazate pe informa\u021bii de la chemoreceptori excita\u021bi de stimuli externi \u0219i interni ", + "3. motricitatea voluntar\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bii st\u00e2ngi a corpului ", + "4. centrul vorbirii localizat \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a lobului frontal " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Pe fa\u021ba antero -lateral\u0103 a m\u0103duvei prelungite se poate eviden\u021bia:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. un \u0219an\u021b median anterior mai ad\u00e2 nc, care delimiteaz\u0103 piramidele bulbare ", + "2. o proeminen\u021b\u0103 transversal\u0103 care se continu\u0103 lateral cu pedunculi cerebelo\u0219i ", + "3. originile aparente pentru fibrele motorii a patru perechi de nervi cranieni ", + "4. un \u0219an\u021b care se l\u0103rge\u0219te \u0219i particip\u0103 la delimitarea ve ntriculului IV " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele nervoase pre - \u0219i postganglionare:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. conduc impulsul nervos celulipet ", + "2. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba nervilor spinali \u0219i cranieni ", + "3. pot realiza sinapse interneuronale noncolinergice \u0219i nonadrenergice ", + "4. sunt prezente la nivelul orificiilor de conjugare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Leziuni ale m\u0103duvei \u00een zona C8 -T4 pot duce la:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii substan\u021belor hidrolitice din secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 ", + "2. afectarea conducerii impulsurilor epicritice de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", + "3. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de oxigen ce ajunge la nivelul alveolelor p ulmonare ", + "4. afectarea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul por\u021biunii libere a intestinului sub\u021bire " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi nervii cranieni care conduc impulsuri nervoase ce vor ajung la talamus:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. nervul optic ", + "2. nervul vestibulo -cohlear ", + "3. nervul olfactiv ", + "4. to\u021bi nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "SRAA proiecteaz\u0103 cortical difuz impulsuri generate la nivelul:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. receptorului din labirintul membranos cu celulele organizate pe dou\u0103 straturi ", + "2. termina\u021biilor nervoase libere din piele ", + "3. forma\u021biunilor ovoide situate pe fa\u021ba dorsal\u0103 a limbii formate din celule ci liate ", + "4. chemoreceptorilor \u0219i baroreceptorilor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de adaptare a ochiului la intensit\u0103\u021bi luminoase sc\u0103zute presupune:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. producerea midriazei ", + "2. regenerarea rodopsinei ", + "3. cre\u015fterea sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii retinei ", + "4. aplatizarea cristalinului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la calea acustic\u0103 este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. axonii neuronilor diencefalici se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een girul temporal superior ", + "2. dendrite ale protoneuronului str\u0103bat membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + "3. este implicat\u0103 \u00een producerea unor reflexe de orientare ", + "4. axonii deutoneuronilo r se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 la nivelul bulbului rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Glaucomul are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. apare ca urmare a unei deficien\u021be a drenajului venos al lichidului intraocular ", + "2. este cauzat de hipertrofia adenohipofizei care duce la pierderea c\u00e2mpului vizual periferic ", + "3. se reduce num\u0103rul prelungirilor celulifuge func\u021bionale ale neuronilor ganglionari ", + "4. persoana afectat\u0103 prezint\u0103 deficien\u021be de vedere \u00een lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fibrele intrafusale, spre deosebire de cele extrafusale, se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. sunt lipsite de organite specifice \u00een zona cu nuclei ", + "2. sunt grupate \u00een fascicule delimitate de perimisium ", + "3. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca proprioceptori \u00een cadrul arcurilor reflexelor miotatice ", + "4. particip\u0103 la formarea pl\u0103cilor motorii mediate de a cetilcolin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel celular produ\u0219ii de secre\u021bie ai glandelor endocrine pot:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. influen\u021ba activitatea ribozomilor sau a mitocondriilor ", + "2. ac\u021biona la nivelul membranei celulare ", + "3. influen\u021ba cantitatea de incluziuni celulare citoplasmatice ", + "4. men\u021bine valoarea normal\u0103 a calcemiei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Diabetul poate fi determinat de:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. hipersecre\u021bia de ACTH ", + "2. hiposecre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 ", + "3. hipersecre\u021bia de glucocorticoizi ", + "4. hiposecre\u021bia de vasopresin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte comune ale hormonilor tiroidieni \u0219i ale adrenalinei:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei contrac\u021biilor cardiace ", + "2. hiperglicemia ", + "3. cre\u0219terea for\u021bei contrac\u021biilor miocardice ", + "4. vasoconstric\u021bia " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la corpusculii Hassal este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. se g\u0103sesc \u00een zona cortical\u0103 a timusului ", + "2. au celule care po t produce interleukine ", + "3. apar \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o capsul\u0103 fibroas\u0103 \u00een preparatul microscopic ", + "4. asigur\u0103 maturarea func\u021bional\u0103 a timocitelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi variantele corecte de r\u0103spuns:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. nervul VII conduce \u00een sensuri opuse impulsurile pentru gustul dulce \u0219i pentru \u00eenchiderea ochiului ", + "2. structuri receptoare de la nivelul capului au celule cu prelungiri permanente ", + " 3. diafragma este str\u0103b\u0103tut\u0103 dinspre cranial spre caudal de fibre ale celor doi nervi vagi ", + "4. mastica\u021bia se poate desf\u0103\u0219ura voluntar prin interven\u021bia fibrelo r corticonucleare " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial spre deosebire de mu\u0219chiul triceps brahial:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. p\u0103streaz\u0103 constant\u0103 lungimea sarcomerelor \u00een timpul flexiei antebra\u021bului pe bra\u021b ", + "2. este mu\u0219chi superficial cu inerva\u021bie dubl\u0103: somatic\u0103 \u0219i vegetativ\u0103 ", + "3. are tendonul de ins er\u021bie pe unul din oasele antebra\u021bului ", + "4. prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 tendoane de origine, situate la nivelul omoplatului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Articula\u021biile semimobile:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc la articularea vertebrelor cu discurile intervertebrale ", + "2. permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de lateralitate \u0219i rotire a trunchiului ", + "3. sunt protejate de capsule articulare \u0219i includ o cantitate mic\u0103 de lichid ", + "4. implic\u0103 oase cu suprafe\u021be de articulare plane sau u\u0219or concave " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Principiile alimentare rezultate din digestia lipidelor sau proteinelor pot fi:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. ob\u021binute la nivelul lumenului intestin al ", + "2. supuse proceselor metabolice la nivelul hepatocitelor ", + "3. utilizate \u00een procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 ", + "4. absorbite activ din enterocite \u00een capilarele sinusoide ale venei porte " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Obstruc\u021bia canalului coledoc poate fi urmat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea cantit\u0103\u021bii de lipide nedigerate \u00een compozi\u021bia materiilor fecale ", + "2. absen\u021ba hidrolizei gr\u0103similor alimentare emulsionate ", + "3. reducerea cantit\u0103\u021bii de glicerol absorbite la polul apical al enterocitului ", + "4. o inhibare a absorb\u021biei chilomicronilor \u00een vasul ch ilifer central " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele caracteristici fiziologice apar\u021bin intestinului gros:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 flexuri colice, respectiv hepatic\u0103 \u0219i splenic\u0103 ", + "2. \u00een jum\u0103tatea proximal\u0103 se absorb apa \u0219i electroli\u021bii (Na+, Cl-) ", + "3. teniile \u00ee\u0219i au originea la nivelul apendicelui ve rmiform ", + "4. haustra\u021biile determin\u0103 proiec\u021bia \u00een afar\u0103 a zonelor colice nestimulate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la peretele tubului digestiv este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. mucoasa care tapeteaz\u0103 lumenul este format\u0103 din \u021besut epitelial de acoperire uni - \u0219i pluristratificat ", + "2. \u00een treimea superioar\u0103 a esofagului stratul muscular neted este dispus circular \u0219i longitudinal ", + "3. submucoasa este format\u0103 din \u021besut conjunctiv lax cu glande de tip mucos ", + "4. adventicea stomacului prezint\u0103 plexul nervos vegetativ Auerbach " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reflexele motorii digestive se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. reflexul de degluti\u021bie devine \u00een totalitate un reflex voluntar, prin corticalizare ", + "2. calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflexului salivator parotidian este asigurat\u0103 de nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti ", + "3. reflexul de mastica\u021bie este reglat de ce ntri bulbo -pontini afla\u021bi \u00een rela\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 cu centrii respiratori ", + "4. calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflexului de defeca\u021bie asociaz\u0103 \u0219i fibre somatomotorii cu origine sacral\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre vilozit\u0103\u021bile intestinale:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. sunt delimitate de un \u021besut format din celule epiteliale \u0219i celule conjunctive mucoase ", + "2. prezint\u0103 un ax central conjunctivo -vascular ce include \u0219i fibre senzitive din gg l. juxtaviscerali ", + "3. prezint\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri de scurtare \u0219i de alungire datorate activit\u0103\u021bii fibrelor tunicii musculare ", + "4. asociaz\u0103 enzime care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een timpul procesului de absorb\u021bie intestinal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Capilarele portale pot con\u0163in e s\u00e2nge:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. provenit din artera hipofizar\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", + "2. provenit din dou\u0103 surse: arterial\u0103 \u0219i venoas\u0103 ", + "3. cu neurohormoni stimulatori \u0219i inhibitori ", + "4. bogat \u00een n utrimente preluate din intestin " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 despre celulele ductale:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. particip\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hepatocitele, la secre\u021bia bilei ", + "2. sunt implicate \u00een secre\u021bia enzimelor pancreatice ", + "3. pot con\u021bine receptori pentru o neurosecre\u021bie hipotalamic\u0103 ", + "4. sunt celule conjunctive de form\u0103 cubic\u0103 sau cilindric\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale gu\u0219ii endemice \u0219i gu\u0219ii exoftalmice:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. apar ca efect al caren\u021bei iodului din alimenta\u021bie ", + "2. se pot trata cu hormoni tiroidieni de substitu\u021bie ", + "3. reprezint\u0103 consecin\u021ba excesului secre\u021biei tiroidiene ", + "4. presupun hipe rtrofia glandei tiroide " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Indentifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la planul transversal:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. trece prin axul grosimii \u0219i al \u00een\u0103l\u021bimii corpului ", + "B. permite identificarea de forma\u021biuni mediale sau laterale \u00een raport cu distan\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de el ", + "C. este orizontal \u0219i perpendicular pe planul frontal ", + "D. \u00eemparte corpul \u00eentr -o parte ventral\u0103 \u0219i alta dorsal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021b i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la nivelurile de organizare ale corpului uman:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. celulele \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma ini\u021bial\u0103 independent de func\u021bia lor ", + "B. \u021besuturile con\u021bin celule diferite unite prin substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 ", + "C. organel e sunt asocieri de cel pu\u021bin trei \u021besu turi ", + "D. sistemele de organe sunt unit\u0103\u021bi morfologice care \u00eendeplinesc o func\u021bie major\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul optic drept:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. este format din axonii celulelor ganglionare bipolare din stratul 8 al retinei ", + "B. \u00ee\u0219i trimite o parte din fibre \u00een tractul optic st\u00e2ng la nivelul chiasmei optice ", + "C. conduce informa\u021bii din jum\u0103tatea nazal\u0103 a retinei ochiului st\u00e2ng ", + "D. se \u00eentinde \u00eentre pata oarb\u0103 \u0219i corpii genicula\u021bi laterali din metatalamus " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Impulsurile eferente ajung la musculatura limbii prin:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. ramura mandibular\u0103 a nervului trigemen ", + "B. fibrele somato motorii ale nervului hipoglos ", + "C. axonii preganglionari ai nervului cranian IX ", + "D. fibrele visceromotorii ale nervului facial " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul facial:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. controleaz\u0103 degluti\u021bia ", + "B. asigur\u0103 sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 pentru cap \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 ", + "C. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii masticatori ", + "D. provoac\u0103 secr e\u021bia glandelor mucoasei nazale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele corticonucleare ajung la:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. nucleul ro\u0219u din mezencefal ", + "B. nucleii Goll \u0219i Burdach ", + "C. nucleul ambiguu din bulb ", + "D. nucleul dorsal al vagului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul piramidal direct :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. conduce influxul nervos motor involuntar ", + "B. are conexiuni c u nucleii motori ai nervilor cranieni : II, VII \u0219i XI ", + "C. ajunge \u00een cordonul lateral de parte a opus\u0103 originii sale ", + "D. este format din fibre care pot avea originea \u00een aria premotorie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Tract ul spinocerebelos ventral:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. deserve\u0219te sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021b iu ", + "B. con\u021bine axoni care p\u0103trund \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 pe calea r\u0103d\u0103cinii posterioare ", + "C. utilizeaz\u0103 calea cordoanelor laterale, dup\u0103 \u00eencruci\u0219are ", + "D. ajunge la cerebel pe calea pedunculului cerebelos inferior " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. conduce informa\u021bii de la rece ptori din piele, periost \u0219i articula\u021bii 2 ", + " B. con\u021bine fasciculul spinotalamic cu traseu prin cordonul lateral opus ", + "C. prezint\u0103 deutoneuroni \u00een nuclei i bulbari Goll \u0219i Burdach ", + "D. prezint\u0103 al treilea neuron senzitiv la nivelul diencefalului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele ve stibulospinale :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. au traseu prin cordoanele lateral \u0219i anterior, dup\u0103 \u00eencruci\u0219are \u00een bulb ", + "B. au origine \u00een nucleii care con\u021bin \u0219i deutoneuronii c\u0103ii vestibulare ", + "C. ajung la neuronii din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", + "D. coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile fine, reflexele posturale \u0219i atitudinale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Axonul neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. dendritele neuronilor motori \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare ", + "B. neuroni din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a coarnelor posterioare ", + "C. protoneuroni din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin \u0103rii ", + "D. deutoneuronii bulbari ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Ramurile ventral e ale nervilor spinali:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. se anastomozeaz\u0103, cu excep\u021bia celor din regiunea lombar\u0103 ", + "B. formeaz\u0103 un plex sacral ce inerveaz\u0103 viscerele pelviene ", + "C. se distribuie la mu\u0219chii \u0219i pielea spate lui \u0219i a membrelor ", + "D. au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 la nivelul mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos parasimpatic:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. relaxeaz\u0103 fibrele circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar ", + "B. produce vasoconstric\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", + "C. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021b ia glandelor sudoripare la nivelul palmelor ", + "D. creste for\u021ba de contrac\u021b ie a mu\u0219chiului cardiac " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii SNV simpatic:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biilor glandelor mucoase \u0219i bronhodilata\u021bia ", + "B. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului ciliar, favoriz\u00e2nd acomodarea pentru veder ea de aproape ", + "C. relaxarea sfincterului piloric \u0219i sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor intestinale ", + "D. secre\u021bie abundent\u0103, bogat\u0103 \u00een enzime la nivelul glandelor parotide " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Marele nerv splanhnic con\u021bine fibre:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. cu originea \u00een ganglionii paravertebrali T6 - T12 ", + "B. pregangliona re care inerveaz\u0103 glanda medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", + "C. postganglionare care inerveaz\u0103 organele din pelvis ", + "D. care se termin\u0103 \u00eentr -un ganglion previsceral parasimpatic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Termina\u021biile \u00eencapsulate din piele:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. sunt reprezentate de corpusculii Pacini \u0219i Golgi -Mazzoni din hipo derm ", + "B. formeaz\u0103 corpusculi senzitivi cu localizare la nivelul epidermului ", + "C. recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal stimuli nespecifici \u0219i diferen\u021be de temperatur\u0103 ", + "D. pot func\u021biona ca mecano -, foto -, termo - \u0219i chiar ca algoreceptori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bin 5 -10 fibr e nervoase modificate numite intrafusale ", + "B. prezint\u0103 inerva\u021bie motorie dubl\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de neuronii \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b3 ", + "C. sunt \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", + "D. deservesc reflexul de inhibare a contrac\u021biei musculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele \u201d\u00een floare\u201d ( \u201d\u00een buche t\u201d):", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. sunt axoni ai neuronilor \u03b3 din coarnele anterioare ", + "B. au neuronul de origine \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", + "C. se termin\u0103 \u00een por\u021biunea central\u0103 a fibrelor cu sac nuclear ", + "D. realizeaz\u0103 inerva\u021bia senzitiv\u0103 a receptorilor ce deservesc reflexele miotatice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Din c alea optic\u0103 se desprind colaterale c\u0103tre:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. coliculii cvadrigemeni inferiori 3 ", + " B. centrii mezencefalici care regleaz\u0103 diametrul pupilar ", + "C. nucleii nervilor cranieni II I, V \u0219i VI ", + "D. corpii genicula\u021bi mediali din metatalamus " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii pentru durere:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. fac parte din cate goria receptorilor fazici ", + "B. pot fi stimula\u021bi de factori mecanici, chimici \u0219i termici ", + "C. transform \u0103 energia stimulului \u00een senza\u021bie dureroas\u0103 ", + "D. sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een piele, \u00een viscere \u0219i \u00een \u021besutul nervos al encefalului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul acomod\u0103rii pentru vederea de aproape:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. ligamentul suspensor al cristalinului se tensioneaz\u0103 ", + "B. tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 scade \u0219i lentila se bombeaz\u0103 ", + "C. convergen\u021ba cristalinului ajunge la valoarea minim\u0103 ", + "D. fibrele circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar se relaxeaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Depolar izarea celulelor gustative are la b az\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. legarea substan\u021belor chimice de molecule lipidice receptoare ", + "B. apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de repaus ", + "C. deschiderea unor canale ionice ", + "D. p\u0103trunderea ionilor de K+ \u00een celul\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. protoneuroni situa\u021bi \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul u nor nervi senzoriali ", + "B. deutoneuronii localiza\u021bi \u00een nucleul solitar din punte ", + "C. proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a girusului postcentral ", + "D. fibre senzoriale \u00eencruci\u0219ate dup\u0103 sinapsa din bul b " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal con\u021bine :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. numai fibre v egetative ", + "B. axoni mielinici ai neuronilor din coarnele anterioare ", + "C. fibre vegetative visceromotorii postganglionare ", + "D. fibre viscerosenzitive cu originea \u00een coarnele posterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hipersecre\u021bia de STH la adult se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a oaselor lungi \u0219i talii peste 2 m ", + "B. c\u0103derea p\u0103rului, unghiilor \u0219i a din\u021bilor ", + "C. cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a mandibulei ", + "D. regresia ficatului \u0219i a inimii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de STH este :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. controlat\u0103 de hipotalamusul anterior prin doi neurohormoni ", + "B. inhibat\u0103 de inani\u021bie \u0219i de hipoglicemie ", + "C. reglat\u0103 printr-un mecanism de feedback pozitiv ", + "D. crescut\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de stres " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. LTH intensific\u0103 ac\u021biunea FSH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculilor ovarieni ", + "B. ADH produce vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul arteriolelor , \u00een doze mari ", + "C. ACTH stim uleaz\u0103 \u00een principal activitatea secretorie a zonei glomerulare a corticosuprarenalei ", + "D. LH stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de progesteron \u0219i estrogeni a corpului galben " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul antidiuretic:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. reduce secre\u021bia glandelor lacrimale ", + "B. cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia obligatorie a apei la niv elul tubilor distali ", + "C. cre\u0219te rata filtr\u0103rii glomerulare ", + "D. scade permeabilitatea pentru ap\u0103 a celulelor tubilor colectori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Cortizolul:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul proteic \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici \u0219i \u00een ficat ", + "B. produce hiperglicemie prin gluconeogenez\u0103 \u0219i glicogenoliz \u0103 ", + "C. scade concentra\u021bia acizilor gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici ", + "D. cre\u0219te elimin\u0103rile de N \u0219i absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte co mune ale tiroxinei \u0219i glucagonului:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u0219terea for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", + "B. sc\u0103derea secre\u021bi ei gastric e ", + "C. cre\u0219terea frecven\u021b ei mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", + "D. sc\u0103derea secre\u021bi ei biliare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "De la nucleii vestibulari, impulsurile vestibulare se distribuie spre:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. neuronii somatomotori medulari, pentru reglarea tonusului muscular ", + "2. deutoneuronii talamici, de unde prin fibre talamocorticale ajung pe scoar\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. nuclei motori ai nervilor III, IV \u0219i VI, pentru controlul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor oculare ", + "4. coliculii cvadrigemeni unde se \u00eenchid reflexe de orientare vizual\u0103 \u0219i auditiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunete le cu frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. produc vibra\u021bii cu amplitudine maxim\u0103 \u00een apropierea sc\u0103ri\u021bei ", + "2. se transmit prin \u201dfire izolate\u201d spre cortex , sub form\u0103 de impulsuri nervoase auditive ", + "3. activeaz\u0103 anumi\u021bi neuroni cohleari, coliculari \u0219i diencefalici ", + "4. au \u00eentre 5000 \u2013 7000 Hz " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul organului Corti:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. celulele de sus\u021binere delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", + "2. celulele senzoriale sunt dis puse pe 3 -4 \u0219iruri spre columel\u0103 ", + "3. tunelul Corti este traversat de dendrite ale protoneuronilor ", + "4. celulel e receptoare au cili rigizi ce str\u0103bat membrana tectoria " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea olfactiv\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. protoneuronii au dendrite butonate \u0219i prev\u0103zute cu cili ", + "2. cuprinde 10 -20 de nervi olfactivi care ajung la hipocamp ", + "3. unii axoni ai deutoneuronilor trec \u00een bulbul olfactiv contralateral ", + "4. deutoneuronii sunt celulele granulare din bulbii olfactivi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen hipermetropie :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. convexitatea cristalinului es te accentuat\u0103 ", + "2. punctul proxim este situat mai departe de ochi ", + "3. pe retin\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 mai multe focare ", + "4. imaginea se formeaz\u0103 \u00eenapoia retinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Arcul reflex miotatic cuprinde:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. receptorul - reprezentat de organele tendinoase Golgi ", + "2. calea aferent\u0103 - format\u0103 din ter mina\u021bii senzitive primare \u0219i secundare ", + "3. centrul - la nivelul sinapsei dintre neuronul senzitiv \u0219i cel intercalar ", + "4. calea eferent\u0103 - format\u0103 din axonii neuronilor \u03b1 -tonici medulari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sensibilitatea termic\u0103 este deservit\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. termina\u021bii nervoase \u00eencapsulate ", + "2. corpusculii senzitivi Ruffini (pent ru cald) 5 ", + " 3. termina\u021bii nervoase cu diametrul mic \u0219i nemielinizate ", + "4. termina\u021bii nervoase libere " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura mugurelui gustativ se g\u0103sesc :", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. celule de sus\u021binere ", + "2. celule bazale care se divid permanent ", + "3. celule senzoriale cu microvill i ", + "4. dendrite ale neuronilor din nucleul solitar " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Gustul amar poate fi perceput la nivelul:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. faringelui ", + "2. epiglotei ", + "3. bol\u021bii palatine ", + "4. bazei limbii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Pot fi cauz e ale cataractei:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", + "2. traumatisme ale cristalinului ", + "3. diabetul zaharat ", + "4. drenajul defectuos al umorii apoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "STH-ul:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. exercit\u0103 efecte indirecte p rin intermediul somatomedinelor ", + "2. provoac\u0103 sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor de Ca, Na, K, P, N ", + "3. are efect opus insulinei pe metabolismul glucidic ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea mu\u0219chilor, viscerelor \u0219i a creierului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efect e ale glucocor ticoizilor asupra unor organe, \u021besuturi \u0219i celule :", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de plachete, limfocite \u0219i hematii ", + "2. stimularea catabolismul proteic \u00een oase \u0219i mu\u0219chi ", + "3. reducerea num\u0103rului de eozinofile, neutrofile \u0219i bazofile ", + "4. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de HCl \u0219i pepsinogen " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Noradrenalina:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. este mediator chimic al sistemului nervos somatic ", + "2. dilat\u0103 vasele din ficat \u0219i din tegument ", + "3. este secretat\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de 8 0% \u00een situa\u021bii neobi\u0219nuite de via\u021b\u0103 ", + "4. relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 a tractului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul Cushing se manifest\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. reten\u021bie masiv\u0103 de ap\u0103 \u0219i sare ", + "2. astenie muscular\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103deri \u00een greutate ", + "3. hipertensiune, hiperglicemie \u0219i d iabet insipid ", + "4. afectarea metabolismului glucidic, lipidic \u0219i proteic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Tetania se manifest\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromuscu lare ", + "2. dezvoltarea defectuas\u0103 a din\u021bilor la copii ", + "3. spasme ale musculaturii laringiene ", + "4. decalcifieri osoase \u0219i calcific\u0103ri renale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calcitonina exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. stimularea osteogenezei ", + "2. cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a Ca2+ prin efect indirect media t de vitamin a D3 ", + "3. inhibarea form\u0103rii de noi osteoclaste ", + "4. stimularea reabsorb\u021biei tubulare a fosfa\u021bilor \u0219i a Ca2+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea simpaticului determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. inhibarea secre\u021biei de adrenalin\u0103 ", + "2. stimularea secre\u021biei de insulin\u0103 6 ", + " 3. inhibarea secre\u021biei de tiroxin\u0103 ", + "4. stimularea secre\u021biei de glucagon " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. scad catabolismul proteinelor musculare \u0219i a celor plasmatice ", + "2. cresc absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei \u0219i glicoliza ", + "3. determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea excre\u021biei de azot (bilan\u021b azotat pozitiv) ", + "4. scad concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a coles terolului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "In hiperfunc\u021bia tiroidian\u0103 apar:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. semnele unei hiperfunc\u021bii simpatice \u2013 tahicardie, hipertensiune ", + "2. hiperfagie asociat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea \u00een greutate ", + "3. cre\u0219terea consumului de oxigen \u0219i a metabolismului bazal ", + "4. senza\u021bie de frig \u0219i c\u0103derea p\u0103rului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Insulina:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea adipocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 ", + "2. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de corpi cetonici ", + "3. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea sarcolemei pentru aminoacizi ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza hepatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea parasimpatic\u0103 produce:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. dilata\u021bia arborelui bron\u0219ic ", + "2. sc\u0103derea frecven\u021b ei cardiace ", + "3. reducerea secre\u021biei lacrimale ", + "4. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei exocrine a pancreasului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapsele:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. sunt conexiuni func\u021bionale \u00eentre un neuron \u0219i o alt\u0103 celul\u0103 ", + "2. prezint\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba butonului terminal receptori specifici ", + "3. pot fi electrice , \u00een miocard \u0219i \u00een an umite zone din creier ", + "4. con\u021bin la nivelul fantei sinaptice vezicule cu mediator chimic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus se datoreaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. reparti\u021biei egale a ionilor pe cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be ale plasmalemei ", + "2. prezen\u021bei intracelulare a unor moleculele nedifuzibile \u00eenc\u0103rca te negativ ", + "3. cre\u0219terii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membrane i pentru Na+ \u0219i Ca2+ ", + "4. activit\u0103\u021bii pompei de Na+/K+ care asigur\u0103 un raport de 3Na+ la 2K+ " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 trei neuroni: preganglionar, ganglionar \u0219i postganglionar ", + "2. este asem\u0103n\u0103 toare cu cea a arcului reflex somatic ", + "3. con\u021bine pe traseu ganglioni parasimpatici latero vertebrali ", + "4. prezint\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o sinaps\u0103 colinergic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Prin c re\u0219terea sau sc\u0103derea ratei de stimulare simpatic\u0103 se regleaz\u0103 activitatea urm\u0103toarel or organe:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. mu\u0219chii erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", + "2. glandele endocrine sebacee ", + "3. medulosuparenalele ", + "4. glandele intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii vagi inerveaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. mucoasa faringelui \u0219i laringelui, prin fibre somatosenzitive ", + "2. mu\u0219chii faringelui \u0219i laringelui, prin fibre somatomotorii ", + "3. tegumentul urechii externe, a sigur\u00e2nd sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 ", + "4. zonele reflexogene, f\u0103c\u00e2nd parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului de presor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale r eflexul auditiv -salivar:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. se manifest\u0103 la to\u021bi indivizii speciei umane ", + " 2. este dependent de experien\u021ba personal\u0103 ", + "3. are centrul reflex la nivelul trunchiului cerebral ", + "4. poate disp\u0103rea prin neexersare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente nespecifice:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. conduc impulsurile lent ", + "2. apar\u021bin substan\u021bei reticula te ", + "3. conduc informa\u021bii de la viscere ", + "4. au \u00eentotdeauna trei neuroni " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Encefalita :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. reprezint\u0103 inflama\u021bia acut\u0103 a substan\u021bei cerebrale ", + "2. poate fi provocat\u0103 \u0219i de agen\u021bi neinfec\u021bio\u0219i ", + "3. se manifest\u0103 prin disfunc\u021bii cerebrale grave \u0219i extinse ", + "4. este o boal\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 ca \u0219i meningita " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Hemoragiile cerebrale pot fi cauzate de :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. traumatisme craniene ", + "2. ruperea unui vas ateromatos ", + "3. hipertensiunea arterial \u0103 ", + "4. agen\u021bi infec\u021bio\u0219i (unele virusuri, meningococ ul) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Din punct de vedere topografic:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. corpusculii Pacini sunt dispu\u0219i profund fa\u021b\u0103 de discurile Merkel ", + "B. nervul IV (originea aparent\u0103) este dispus cranial fa\u021b\u0103 de lama cvadrigemina ", + "C. fasciculul gracilis este dispus lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculul cuneat ", + "D. paratiroidele sunt dispuse ventral fa\u021b\u0103 de glanda care secret\u0103 tiroxin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Pompa de Na+-K+:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. transport\u0103 simultan un num\u0103r egal din cationi i Na+ \u0219i K+ ", + "B. intervine \u00een men\u021binerea poten\u021bialului membranar de repaus ", + "C. transport\u0103 ionii conform gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", + "D. este un exemplu de transport pasiv secundar (cotransport) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. are valoare pozitiv\u0103 \u00een fibrele musculare de la nivelul antrului gastric ", + "B. se propag\u0103 cu 10 m/s \u00een fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul salivator inferior ", + "C. are o durat\u0103 mai mic\u0103 pentru fibra miocardic\u0103 ventricular\u0103 dec\u00e2t pentru neuron ", + "D. se propag\u0103 saltatoriu \u00een fibrele simpatice destinate medulosuprarenalei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele musculare din structura fusului neuromuscular au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. sunt fibre modificate de dou\u0103 tipuri: anulospirale \u0219i \u00een floare/\u00een buchet ", + "B. prezint\u0103 o por\u021biune central\u0103 cu organite celulare specifice \u0219i nuclei ", + "C. sunt lipsite de elemente contractile la extr emit\u0103\u021bi ", + "D. sunt cu lan\u021b nuclear (mai numeroase) \u0219i cu sac nuclear (mai pu\u021bin numeroase) " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea fibrelor parasimpatice determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. contrac\u021bia musculaturii netede a bronhiolelor ", + "B. stimul area secre\u021biei zonei medulare a glandei suprarenale ", + "C. contrac\u021bia detrusorului \u0219i a sfincterelui vezical intern ", + "D. reducerea debitului urinar \u0219i a secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. hiperpigmentare cutanat\u0103 provocat\u0103 de excesul de ACTH \u0219i de MSH ", + "B. cre\u0219terea valorilor glicemiei \u0219i ale tensiunii arteriale ", + "C. re\u021binerea apei \u0219i a s\u0103rii \u00een organism, cu producerea de edeme ", + "D. tendin\u021ba de a cre\u0219te \u00een greutate \u0219i astenie muscular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fibra preganglionar\u0103 simpatic\u0103 se comport\u0103 astfel:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te m\u0103duva prin ramura anterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal ", + "B. elibereaz\u0103 noradrenalin\u0103 la sinapsa cu organul efector ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba ramurii cenu\u0219ii a nervului spinal ", + "D. poate face sinaps\u0103 cu neuronii care secret\u0103 catecolamine " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei hormonului secretat de celulele principale ale paratiroidelor:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a calciului ", + "B. este dependent\u0103 de secre\u021bia hipotalamusului mijlociu \u0219i a adenohipofizei ", + "C. se realizeaz\u0103 exclusiv prin mecanisme nervoase ", + "D. depinde \u00een principal de concentra\u021bia fosfa\u021bilor organici din plasma " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenogeneza \u0219i gluconeogeneza ", + "B. tiroxina \u0219i cortizolul scad elimin\u0103rile de azot ", + "C. aldosteronul stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia de Na+ \u0219i secre\u021bia de H+ ", + "D. insulina inhib\u0103 glicoloza \u00een celulele musculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine neuroni care asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a fibrelor intrafusale ", + "B. con\u021bine fascicule fundamentale localizate \u00een cele \u0219ase cordoane ale substan\u021bei albe ", + "C. este sediul reflexelor ahile an, piloerector, sudoripar, pupiloconstrictor ", + "D. prezint\u0103 la nivelul cordoanelor posterioa re dou\u0103 fascicule cu lungime e gal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Glucagonul exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte metabolice:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u0219te for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", + "B. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a pancreasului ", + "C. scade secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103 din precursori neglucidici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii senzitivi ai arcului reflex vegetativ parasimpatic pot fi localiza\u021bi \u00een ganglionii:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. juxtaviscerali ", + "B. cranieni ai nervilor glosofaringieni \u0219i vagi ", + "C. paravertebrali ", + "D. spinali de pe traseul ramurii dorsale a nervilor spinali " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Basedow -Graves:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. determin\u0103 hipersudora\u021bii ", + "B. provoac\u0103 sc\u0103derea metabolismului bazal \u0219i a greut\u0103\u021bii corpului ", + "C. produce edem mucos \u0219i letargie ", + "D. se \u00eenso\u021be \u0219te obligatoriu de exoftalmie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele spinotalamice prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. au originea \u00een ganglionii spinali ", + "B. fac parte din calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile fine ", + "C. str\u0103bat trunchiul cerebral \u00een \u00eentregime ", + "D. formeaz\u0103 o decusa\u021bie senzitiv\u0103 la nivel bulbar " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Lipoliza este inhibat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. glucagon ", + "B. tiroxin\u0103 ", + "C. insulin\u0103 ", + "D. cortiz ol " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului sacrat determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. sc\u0103derea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul colonului ascendent ", + "B. constric\u021bie sfincterian\u0103 la nivelul vezicii urinare ", + "C. inhibarea secre\u021biei glandelor de la nivelul colonului ", + "D. cre\u0219terea motilit\u0103\u021bii colonului sigmoid " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii olfactive:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. are \u0219i rol de chemoreceptor, av\u00e2nd dendrite scurte, groase \u0219i ciliate ", + "B. este reprezentat de celula mitral\u0103 (neuron bipolar) ", + "C. este localizat \u00eentr -o structur\u0103 de pe fa\u021b a bazal\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", + "D. are conexiuni directe cu talamusul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele senzoriale ale nervului facial fac sinaps\u0103 cu deutoneuronii situa\u021bi \u00een :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. nucleul motor din etajul pontin ", + "B. ganglionul geniculat ", + "C. nucleul lacrimal din punte ", + "D. nucleul solitar din bulb " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni determin\u0103 :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. demielinizarea axonilor neuronilor centrali \u0219i periferici ", + "B. catabolismul proteinelor musculare \u0219i plasmatice ", + "C. sc\u0103derea amplitudinii mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", + "D. cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei colesterolului plasmatic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia co rect\u0103 referitoare la analizatorul vizual:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. organul activ al acomod\u0103rii este mu\u0219chiul ciliar ", + "B. aria vizual\u0103 este localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobului temporal ", + "C. axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 radia\u021biile optice ", + "D. tractul optic st\u00e2ng con\u021bine fibre temporale drepte \u0219i nazale st\u00e2ngi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Diabetul insipid \u0219i diabetul zaharat au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. pot beneficia de tratament cu hormoni de substiti\u021bie ", + "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin poliurie, polidipsie, polifagie ", + "C. apar prin hipersecre\u021bie hormonal\u0103 la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", + "D. se man ifest\u0103 \u0219i prin glicozurie \u0219i dezechilibre electrolitice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele Goll \u0219i Flechsig prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. au originea \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", + "B. se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus ", + "C. au traseu prin cordoane medulare de aceea\u0219i parte ", + "D. se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Urmatoarele structuri deservesc reflexul miotatic:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. corpusculii neurotendino\u0219i Golgi ", + "B. fusurile neuromusculare ", + "C. corpusculii Ruffini ", + "D. termina\u021biile nervoase libere " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 un individ st\u0103 mult \u00een \u00eentuneric:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. rodopsina este descompus\u0103 \u00een retinen \u0219i opsin\u0103 ", + "B. vitamina A este transformat\u0103 \u00een retinen ", + "C. scade concentra\u021bia pigmen\u021bilor vizuali ", + "D. retinenul este transformat \u00een vitamina A " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi efectul determinat de unul din nerv ii cranie ni mic\u0219ti :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter pupilar ", + "B. ridicarea pleoapei superioare ", + "C. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului trapez ", + "D. secre\u021bia glandelor mucoasei nazale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunetele cu frecven\u021b\u0103 joas\u0103 sunt percepute de celulele:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. de sus\u021binere de la baza melcului ", + "B. care delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", + "C. receptoare de la v\u00e2rful melcului ", + "D. care secret\u0103 membrana reticulat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de aldosteron cre\u0219te atunci c\u00e2nd:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. scade concentra\u021bia Na+ \u00een s\u00e2nge ", + "B. cre\u0219te presiunea osmotic\u0103 ", + "C. scade concentra\u021bia K+ \u00een s\u00e2nge ", + "D. cre\u0219te volumul sanguin " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. receptorii termici sunt TNL cu diametru mic \u0219i mielinizate ", + "B. corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni se g\u0103sesc \u00een dermul pulpei degetelor ", + "C. discurile Merkel sunt receptor i ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosier\u0103 ", + "D. corpusculii Pacini se adapteaz\u0103 lent \u0219i recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 vibra\u021biile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul splanhnic mare \u0219i nervul pelvic au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. se distribuie organelor din cavitatea abdominal\u0103 \u0219i pelvin\u0103 ", + "B. con\u021bin fibre amielinice cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale ", + "C. str\u0103bat ganglioni laterovertebrali \u00een traseul lor c\u0103tre efectori ", + "D. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din axoni care elibereaz\u0103 acetilcolin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii secreta\u021bi de zona fasciculat\u0103 a CSR au urm\u0103toarele efecte:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. cresc secre\u021bia de HCl \u0219i de pepsinogen ", + "B. scad catabolismul proteinelor \u00een mu\u0219chi ", + "C. cresc permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 ", + "D. scad concentra\u021bia acizilor gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind nervul oculomotor:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupilar fotomotor ", + "2. con\u021bine fibre visceromotorii pentru mu\u0219chiul oblic inferior \u0219i mu\u0219chiul drept superior ", + "3. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii ciliari circulari, produc\u00e2nd mioz\u0103 ", + "4. are fibre cu origine \u00eentr-un nucleu care prime\u0219te aferen\u021be de la nuclei vestibulari " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la glanda pineal\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. secret\u0103 melanin\u0103 cu ac\u021biune fre natoare asupra func\u021biei gonadelor ", + "2. are activitate secretorie independent\u0103 de inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 proprie ", + "3. secret\u0103 vasotocin\u0103 cu ac\u021biune antigonadotrop\u0103, mai ales anti -LTH ", + "4. intervine prin secre\u021biile sale \u00een metabolismul mineral " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii neuronilor din ganglionii spinali pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. ai c\u0103ror axoni inerveaz\u0103 fibrele extrafusale ", + "2. medulari \u0219i bulbari cu semnifica\u021bie de deutoneuroni ", + "3. de asocia\u021bie \u0219i prin intermediul lor cu neuroni motori ", + "4. din coarnele laterale, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd arcul reflex miotatic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. ganglioni cranieni apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unor nervi mic\u0219ti, pe traseul s\u0103u extranevraxial ", + "2. protoneuroni \u00een rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu celule senzoriale din papilele filiforme ", + "3. deutoneuronii localiza\u021bi \u00eentr -un nucleu senzitiv de la nivelul bulbului rah idian ", + "4. proiec\u021bie \u00een lobul frontal, unde se integreaz\u0103 sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 cu cea general\u0103 a limbii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Care din urm\u0103toarele efecte se datoreaz\u0103 stimul\u0103rii SNV simpatic:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor sudoripare ", + "2. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor lacrimale ", + "3. stimularea secre\u021biei medulosuprarenalei ", + "4. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor salivare " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Care din urm\u0103torii nervi con\u021bin fibre vegetative p reganglionare:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. pneumogastrici ", + "2. cu origine \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei toracale T10 -T12 ", + "3. pelvieni ", + "4. cu origine \u00een cei trei ganglioni cervicali laterovertebrali " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele spinobulbare au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. au fibre care conduc sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 \u0219i fibre care conduc sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 ", + "2. fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een unii nuclei din bulbul olfactiv cu deutoneuronii sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor conduse ", + "3. con\u021bin axoni lungi ai neuronilor din ganglionii de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina senzitiv\u0103 a nervului spinal ", + "4. sunt dispuse \u00een cordoanele posterioare de aceea\u0219i parte (gracilis) \u0219i de partea opus\u0103 (cuneat) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii somatomotori din coarnele anterioare medulare pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. fibre ale fasciculelor descendente cu origine mezencefalic\u0103 ", + "2. dendrite ale neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionii spinali ", + "3. axoni mielinici din fasciculele corticospinale ", + "4. fibre cu originea \u00een nuclei i motori ai nervilor cranieni " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii situa\u021bi la nivelul utriculei \u0219i saculei sunt:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. stimula\u021bi de varia\u021biile accelera\u021biei liniare a capului \u0219i corpului ", + "2. \u00een rela\u021bie direct \u0103 cu cei patru nuclei vestibulari bulbari ", + "3. stimula\u021bi mecanic de c\u0103tre otolite, \u00een condi\u021bii statice \u0219i dinamice ", + "4. \u00een rela\u021bie cu dendritele neuronilor din ganglionul Corti " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Tractul optic:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. este format din axonii protoneuronilor c\u0103ii vizuale ", + "2. particip\u0103 la conectarea celulelor ganglionare cu neuronii metatalamici ", + "3. se termin\u0103 la nivel cortical pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", + "4. are rela\u021bie cu coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori din mezencefal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Inerva\u021bia fusului neuromuscular este realizat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. dendrite ale neuronilor gamma din coarnele anterioare medulare ", + "2. termina\u021bii axonice mielinizate de dou\u0103 tipuri: p rimare \u0219i secundare ", + "3. axoni ai neuronilor din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", + "4. dendrite apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unor neuroni pseudounipolari ganglionari " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Insulina:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza \u00een ficat \u0219i \u00een mu\u0219chi ", + "2. inhib\u0103 proteoliza \u00een ficat \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 lipoliza \u00een \u021besutul adipos ", + "3. blocheaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea glucozei \u00een celulele adipoase \u0219i musculare ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenogeneza \u00een celulele hepatice \u0219i musculare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul vestibulo -cohlear :", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. p\u0103trunde \u00een trunchiul cerebral prin \u0219an\u021bul bulbo -pontin ", + "2. prin ramura cohlear\u0103 se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nuclei senzitivi din punte ", + "3. prin ramura vestibular\u0103 se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nuclei senzitivi bulbari ", + "4. este un nerv senzorial \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu receptorii urechii medii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii neuronilor senzitivi din coarnele posterioare medulare realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. protoneuronii din ganglionii spinali ", + "2. neuronii de releu talamici de pe aceea\u0219i parte ", + "3. deutoneuronii din nucleii gracilis \u0219i cuneat ", + "4. cerebelul, prin dou\u0103 perechi de pedunculi cerebelo\u0219i " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. nervul optic \u0219i tractul optic con\u021bin axoni ai unor neuroni multipolari ", + "2. axonii neuronilor cohleari sunt conecta\u021bi cu girusul temporal inferior ", + "3. fasciculul vestibulonuclear este o cale colateral\u0103 a c\u0103ii vestibulare ", + "4. axonii neuronilor bipolari olfactivi ajung la nivelul bulbului rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele reflexe se \u00eenchid \u00een trunchiul cerebral:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. salivator pentru glandele submandibular\u0103 \u0219i parotid\u0103 (\u00een bulb) ", + "2. pupilodilatator (\u00een mezencefal) ", + "3. de sudora\u021bie \u0219i de piloerec\u021bie (\u00een punte) ", + "4. pentru vederea de aproape, cu acomodare (\u00een mezencefal) " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La conducerea informa\u021biilor tactile particip\u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. fascicu lul spinobulbar care apare \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 \u0219i cervical\u0103 ", + "2. fibre c u originea \u00een ganglionul spinal al r\u0103d\u0103cinii dorsale ", + "3. fibre cu originea \u00een nuclei senzitivi ce apar\u021bin unui nerv cran ian mixt ", + "4. fasciculul spinotalamic pozi\u021bionat \u00een cordoanele anterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene se realizeaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. de c\u0103tre adenohipofiz\u0103 prin tireostimulin\u0103 ", + "2. prin mecanism de feed -back negativ hipotalamo -hipofizo -tiroidian ", + "3. \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia sangu in\u0103 a tiroxinei ", + "4. prin intermediul hipotalamusului mijlociu \u0219i al hipofizei posterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali (CGL) \u0219i mediali (CGM):", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. apar\u021bin etajului superior al trunchiului cerebral ", + "2. reprezint\u0103 originea radia\u021biilor optice (CGL) ", + "3. la nivelul lor \u00eencepe procesul de fuzionare a imaginilor (CGM) ", + "4. sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu cortexul temporal (CGM) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii proprioceptive pentru extremitatea cefalic\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. protoneuron i reprezenta\u021bi de neuron i pseudounipolar i din ganglionul trigeminal ", + "2. al doilea neuron situat \u00eentr-un nucle u senzitiv c e apar\u021bine nervului cranian V ", + "3. al treilea neuron poate fi localizat \u00een talamus, av\u00e2nd proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 ", + "4. conduce informa\u021bii proprioceptive la cerebel sau la scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103, dup\u0103 caz " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii ADH \u0219i aldosteron au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune :", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul tubilor contor\u021bi distali \u0219i colectori ", + "2. au natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103, fiind sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", + "3. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i la nivelul glandelor sudoripare \u0219i salivare ", + "4. influen\u021beaz\u0103 ultrafiltrarea glomerular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. epinefrina, norepinefrina \u0219i vasopresina sunt neurosecre\u021bii (neurohormoni) ", + "2. glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul liber stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza ", + "3. LTH inhib\u0103 ac\u021biunea FSH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculilor ovarieni \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", + "4. tiroxina ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai rapid \u0219i este mai activ\u0103 dec\u00e2t triiodotironina " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul cranian VII:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. transmite sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 din partea anterioar\u0103 a corpului limbii ", + "2. con\u021bine fibre visceromotorii pentru glanda lacrimal\u0103, c\u0103reia \u00eei stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia ", + "3. face parte din calea eferent\u0103 a reflexului salivar pentru glanda parotid\u0103 ", + "4. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii mimicii prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul motor din punte " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele principale ale paratiroidelor:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. stimuleaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile u rinare de fosfa\u021bi anorganici \u0219i de potasiu ", + "2. activeaz\u0103 osteoblastele , stimul\u00e2nd osteogeneza la organismele tinere ", + "3. stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 de calciu \u00een corela\u021bie cu vitamin D 3 ", + "4. inhib\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia tubular\u0103 de calciu \u0219i de sodiu \u00een nefronul distal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Axul longitudinal al corpului:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. particip\u0103 la determinarea planului metameriei corpului ", + "2. are ca limit\u0103 inferioar\u0103 diafragma perineal\u0103 ", + "3. prezint\u0103 un pol superior (caudal) \u0219i altul inferior (cranial) ", + "4. este inclus \u00een planul simetriei bilaterale a corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul spinocerebelos dorsal:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. intr\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 spin\u0103rii pe calea r\u0103d\u0103cinii posterioare a nervului spinal ", + "2. con\u021bine axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai neuronilor senzitivi medulari ", + "3. face sinaps\u0103 \u00een talamus cu al treilea neuron al c\u0103ii de conducere ", + "4. este situat la periferia cordonulu i lateral, dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculul Gowers " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni au ac\u021biune asupra osului:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. PTH prin inhibarea osteoclastelor ", + "2. estrogenii prin favorizarea depunerii calciului \u00een oase ", + "3. STH prin intermediul somatostatinelor ", + "4. CT prin fixarea calciului \u00een oase " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Rinitele pot fi:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. cauzate de infec\u021bii virale \u0219i bacteriene ", + "2. acute (corize) \u0219i cronice atrofice (ozene) ", + "3. manifestate clinic prin rinoree \u0219i stare subfebril\u0103 ", + "4. localizate la nivelul urechii externe sau medii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele insulare alfa are urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219te for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103, ca \u0219i tiroxina ", + "2. intensific\u0103 glicoliza hepatic\u0103 \u0219i muscular\u0103 ", + "3. produce hiperglicemie, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd sinergic cu cortizolul ", + "4. inhib\u0103 lipaza din celulele adipoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Extractele de timus:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. influen\u021beaz\u0103 imunitatea nespecific\u0103 celular\u0103 ", + "2. stimuleaz\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor \u00een perioada postpuberal\u0103 ", + "3. au efecte de accelerare a diviziunilor celulare mitotice ", + "4. stimuleaz\u0103 mineralizarea osoas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "a. Corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni sunt receptori pentru sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 ", + "b. Protoneuronul sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice pentru pielea fe\u021bei se afl\u0103 \u00een ganglionul spinal ", + "c. Cilii auditivi vin \u00een contact sinaptic cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul spiral ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Depolarizarea celulelor gustative are la baz\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "a. Legarea substan\u021belor chimice de molecule lipidice receptoare ", + "b. Deschiderea unor canale ionice ", + "c. Apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de repaus prin activarea unei pompe ionice ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Tiroxina:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "a. Produce mai repede iritabilitate \u0219i nelini\u0219te prin ac\u021biune l a nivelul creierului, dec\u00e2t T 3 ", + "b. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 sinergic cu hormonii sexuali \u00een procesul de cre\u0219tere ", + "c. Stimuleaz\u0103 metabolismul bazal la nivelul creierului , ca \u0219i tri iodotironina ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii mijlocii ai hipotalamusului:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "a. Con\u021bin neuroni secretori ai c\u0103ror axoni str\u0103bat tija pituitar\u0103 spre hi pofiz\u0103 ", + "b. Secret\u0103 prolactin\u0103 cu rol \u00een secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 ", + "c. Con\u021bin neuroni care secret\u0103 ocitocin\u0103, hormon care favorizeaz\u0103 na\u0219terea ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii IX \u0219i X au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "a. Con\u021bin fibre postg anglionare ce apar\u021bin parasimpaticului cranian ", + "b. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor visceromotorii la nivelul aceluia\u0219i nucleu bulbar ", + "c. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi netezi de la nivelul faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului cranian produce:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "a. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoasei bron\u0219ice ", + "b. Ac\u021biuni metabolice const\u00e2nd \u00een cre\u0219terea glicogenolizei hepatice ", + "c. Stimularea motilit\u0103\u021bii colonului sigmoid \u0219i a rectului ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul de acomodare pentru vederea unor obiecte situate la o distan\u021b\u0103 mai mic\u0103 de 6 m:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "a. Mu\u0219chiul sfincter al irisului se relaxeaz\u0103 prin stimulare simpatic\u0103 ", + "b. Fibrele lig amentului suspensor \u0219i cristaloida se tensioneaz\u0103, iar cristalinul se aplatizeaz\u0103 ", + "c. Raza de curbur\u0103 \u0219i puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului cresc la valoarea maxim\u0103 ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul luteinizant:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "a. Este un hormon trop care stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a gonadei masculine ", + "b. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de progesteron a corpului galben \u00een perioada preovulatorie ", + "c. Este stimulat de hormonul eliberator de gonadotropine \u0219i inhibat de un hormon pineal ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen hipersecre\u021bia tiroidian\u0103:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "a. Cre\u0219te consumul de alimente \u0219i \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103 greutatea corpului ", + "b. Apare gu\u0219a exoftalmic\u0103 ca manifestare obligatorie ", + "c. Apar tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor \u0219i se reduce secre\u021bia gla ndelor sudoripare ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "a. Cristalinul are o putere de convergen\u021b\u0103 de maxim 20 de dioptrii ", + "b. \u00cen astigmatism exist\u0103 mai multe raze de curbur\u0103 ale coroidei sau cristalinului ", + "c. \u00cen prezbiopie puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului scade ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii III \u0219i IV au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "a. Sunt nervi motori cu origini reale \u0219i aparente la nivelul mezencefalului ", + "b. Asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi care se inser\u0103 pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 a coroidei ", + "c. Inerveaz\u0103 \u0219i mu\u0219chi implica\u021bi \u00een varia\u021bia diametrului pupilar ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bia afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre calea vestibula r\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "a. Protoneuronii sunt neuronii pseudounipolari din ganglionul vestibular Scarpa ", + "b. Deutoneuronii se g\u0103sesc \u00een nucleii bulbari care reprezint\u0103 origine a unui fascicul cu rol \u00een controlul echilibrului static \u0219i dinamic ", + "c. De la nucleii vestibulari porne\u0219te f asciculul vestibulonuclear spre nucleii nervilor optici ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fusurile neuromusculare se poate face urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "a. Sunt receptori localiza\u021bi \u00een mu\u0219chi, tendo ane, articula\u021bii, periost \u0219i ligamente ", + "b. Sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor cu origine \u00een cornul posterior medular ", + "c. Inerva\u021bia motorie a por\u021biunilor contractile este asigurat\u0103 de motoneuronii \u03b1 din cornul anterior ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre localizarea gusturilor, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "a. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai intens gusturile dulce \u0219i s\u0103rat ", + "b. Faringele percepe toate gusturile fundamentale ", + "c. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai slab gusturile amar \u0219i acid ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii VII \u0219i IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "a. Con\u021bin fibre senzoriale gustative, somatomotorii \u0219i preganglionare parasimpatice ", + "b. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor visceromotorii \u00ee n acela\u0219i etaj al trunchiului cerebral ", + "c. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor senzoriale \u00een nucleu solitar din bulbul rahidian ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Calea eferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor se ca racterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "a. Fibre preganglionare cu origine \u00eentr-un nucleu vegetativ ata\u0219at nervului cranian II ", + "b. Prezen\u021ba unui ganglion vegetativ cu localizare la nivelul irisului (intramural) ", + "c. Sinapse neuron -neuron \u0219i neuron -fibr\u0103 muscular\u0103 neted\u0103 mediate de acetilc olin\u0103 ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pragul excitabilit\u0103\u021bii olfactive:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "a. Reprezint\u0103 cantitatea minim\u0103 de substan\u021b\u0103 inodor\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 provoace senza\u021bia de miros ", + "b. Este acela\u0219i pentru substan\u021bele eterice, aromatice \u0219i balsamice ", + "c. Este invers propor\u021bional cu acuitatea olfactiv\u0103 ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "a. Elaboreaz\u0103 senza\u021bia de v\u0103z pe ba za impulsurilor pe care le prime\u0219te prin fibrele tractului optic ", + "b. Este localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobilor occipitali, \u00een centrul scizurii calcarine ", + "c. Lezarea ei face imposibil\u0103 aprecierea luminozit\u0103\u021bii, formei \u0219i culorii obiectelor (afazie vizual\u0103) ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii I, II \u0219i VIII au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "a. Sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din axoni i deutoneuronilor c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii pe care o conduc ", + "b. Con\u021bin fibre senzoriale cu origine \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervului respectiv ", + "c. Apar\u021bin sistemului nervos periferic ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "a. Protoneuronii sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een ganglionul de pe ramura dorsal\u0103 a nervului spinal ", + "b. Axonul neuronului ganglionar face sinaps\u0103 \u00een cornul posterior de pe partea opus\u0103 ", + "c. Axonii \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai deutoneuronilor medulari p\u0103trund \u00een cordonul anterior ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv, hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte, cu o excep\u021bie:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "a. Adrenalina relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 a peretelui intestinului sub\u021bire ", + "b. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea se cretorie la nivelul ficatului \u0219i stomacului ", + "c. Tiroxina cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei, iar PTH pe cea a calciului ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Fascicule le Flechsig \u0219i Gowers au urm\u0103toarea caracter istic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "a. Conduc informa\u021bii despre sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021biu ", + "b. Sunt alc\u0103tuite din axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai unor neuroni din cornul posterior ", + "c. Str\u0103bat \u00een \u00eentregime trunchiul cerebral, proiect\u00e2ndu -se \u00een cerebel ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii termici:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "a. Pentru cald sunt mai numero\u0219i dec\u00e2t cei pentru rece ", + "b. Joac\u0103 rol de algoreceptori dac\u0103 sunt stimula\u021bi de temperaturile extreme ", + "c. Pot fi termina\u021bii nervoase libere mielinizate \u0219i cu diametrul mic ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul articula\u021biei cotului:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "a. Sensibilitatea presional\u0103 este recep\u021bionat\u0103 de corpusculii Golgi ", + "b. Pozi\u021bia este mon itorizat\u0103 de corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni ", + "c. Extensia antebra\u021bului este d eterminat\u0103 de un reflex polisinaptic ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul oaselor, hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte, cu o excep\u021bie:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "a. Activitatea osteoclastelor este stimu lat\u0103 de PTH \u0219i inhibat\u0103 de calcitonin\u0103 ", + "b. Unii hormoni stimuleaz\u0103 condrogeneza la nivelul cartilajelor metafizare ", + "c. Cortizolul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een sens anabolizant asupra sintezei matricei organice ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre componentele SNV se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "a. Fibrele preganglionare simpatice pot face sinaps\u0103 cu un num\u0103r mare de neuroni postganglionari ", + "b. Fibrele postganglionare simpatice elibereaz\u0103 numai noradrenalin\u0103 la sinapsa cu efectorul ", + "c. Cei 3 ganglioni paravertebrali cervicali a sigur\u0103 prin fibre mielinice inerva\u021bia unor viscere din zona capului ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul sistemului nervos, hormonii:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "a. Stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea celulelor cu rol \u00een mielinizarea axonilor (Schwann, Henle) ", + "b. Pot modific a activitatea electric\u0103 a creierului, \u00een cazul unei secre\u021bii inadecvate ", + "c. Stimuleaz\u0103 sistemul reticulat ascendent inhibitor (catecolaminele) ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre reflexele somatice medulare:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "a. Reflexul rotulian const\u0103 \u00een extensia coapsei pe bazin produs\u0103 de contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps ", + "b. Centrii reflexelor bicipital \u0219i tricipital sunt polisinaptici, con\u021bin\u00e2nd neuroni: senzitiv, de asocia\u021bie \u0219i motor ", + "c. Percu\u021bia tendonului lui Ahile provoac\u0103, pe cale reflex\u0103, contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului triceps sural ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Noradrenalina are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "a. Este secretat\u0103 exclusiv de neuronii medulosuprarenalieni ", + "b. Cre\u0219te frecven\u021ba \u0219i for\u021ba de contrac\u021biea miocardului, ca \u0219i adrenalina ", + "c. Este secretat\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een stresul emo\u021bional ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia incorect\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "a. Inhibi\u021b ia de diferen\u021biere este specific\u0103 scoar\u021bei cerebrale \u0219i faciliteaz\u0103 procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", + "b. Simpaticul \u0219i parasimpaticul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cooperant \u00een reglarea secre\u021biei salivare ", + "c. Prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor din ganglionul geniculat ajung \u00een nucleul solitar ", + " " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul aparatului excretor:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Cortizolul \u0219i ADH exercit\u0103 efec te similare (scad permeabilitatea tubilor renali pentru ap\u0103) ", + "2. Aldosteronul stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia tubular\u0103 a protonilor \u0219i cre\u0219te aciditatea urinei ", + "3. PTH stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia calciului \u0219i a fosfa\u021bilor, la nivelul nefronului distal ", + "4. Cortizolul liber ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul membranei filt rante glomerulare, cresc\u00e2nd filtrarea " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hipotalamusul secret\u0103 neuro hormoni inhibitori pentru urm\u0103torii hormoni hipofizari:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Prolactin\u0103 ( LTH) ", + "2. Melanocitostimulant (MSH) ", + "3. Somatotrop (STH) ", + "4. Ocitocin\u0103 (oxitocin\u0103) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei de acizi gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici este rezultatul ac\u021biunii hormonilor:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Glucocorticoizi ", + "2. Somatotrop ", + "3. Secreta\u021bi de zona medular\u0103 a glandei suprarenale ", + "4. Insulin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Inerveaz\u0103 vegetativ glandele colonului sigmoid cu celule \u021bint\u0103 pentru aldosteron ", + "2. Prime\u0219te fibre din ramura intern\u0103 a nervului spinal destinate mu\u0219chilor laringelui ", + "3. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie fibrele preganglionare la efectorii vegetativi din zona capului ", + "4. Con\u021bine fibre senzoriale cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ce se ter min\u0103 \u00een nucleul solitar " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt hormoni catabolizan\u021bi pe metabolismul proteinelor:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Cortizolul \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici ", + "2. Hormonii tiroidieni \u00een doze mari ", + "3. Corticotropina hipofizar\u0103, prin efecte indirecte ", + "4. Hormonii glucocorticiozi \u00een ficat " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Stimulii tactili ajun g direct de la cornul posterior la talamus prin fasciculul:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Gracilis ", + "2. Spinotalamic lateral ", + "3. Gowers ", + "4. Spinotalamic anterior " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt hormoni anab olizan\u021bi pe metabolismul lipidelor :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Hormon i secreta\u021bi de celulele foliculilor ovarieni \u00een timpul matur\u0103rii lor ", + "2. Hormonul care exercit\u0103 majoritatea efectelor sale prin intermediul somatomedinelor ", + "3. Hormonul secretat de circa 60 -70% din celulele insulelor Langerhans ", + "4. Hormonii care pot determina modific\u0103ri senzoriale \u0219i ale EEG, \u00een caz de hiposecre\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen reglarea echilibrului Na+ \u0219i K+ intervin hormonii:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. ACTH, indirect, prin stimularea \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 a secre\u021biei de hormoni mineralocorticoizi ", + "2. STH, care asigur\u0103 reten\u021bia celor doi cationi ", + "3. Aldosteronul, prin stimularea reabsorb\u021biei de Na+ \u0219i a secre\u021biei de K+ la nivelu l unor celule tubulare ", + "4. PTH, prin sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor urinare de K+ \u0219i Ca2+ \u0219i cre\u0219terea elimin\u0103rilor de Na+ \u0219i fosfa\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii bazali:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt implica\u021bi \u00een reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor stereotipe \u0219i a mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de a nsamblu ", + "2. Sunt nuclei de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103, situa\u021bi \u00een profunzimea emisferelor cerebrale ", + "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la cortex \u0219i trimit eferen\u021be spre nuclei ai mezencefalului ", + "4. Apar\u021bin sistemul ui extra piramidal, particip\u00e2nd la constituirea c\u0103ii motilit\u0103\u021bii voluntare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Nucleul dorsal al vagului asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a viscerelor toraco -abdominale ", + "2. Hipotalamusul con\u021bine centrii setei, foamei, vomei, tusei \u0219i str\u0103nutului ", + "3. La nivelul scoar\u021bei cer ebrale se g\u0103sesc arii vegetative situate \u00een teritoriul prefrontal ", + "4. \u00cen m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii s e g\u0103sesc centrii pupiloconstrictori, vasodilatatori , piloerectori " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103 \u0219i de STH:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Este controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre nucleii mijlocii ai hipotalamusului ", + "2. Este stimulat\u0103 de st\u0103rile de stres, somn, hipoglicemie ", + "3. Este controlat\u0103 de doi neurohormoni, u nul stimulator, altul inhibitor ", + "4. Este asigurat\u0103 de c\u0103tre o gland\u0103 cu localizare intracranian\u0103, pe chiasma optic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii splanhnici \u0219i nervii vagi prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Au \u00een alc\u0103tuire fibre vegetative preganglionare mielinice ", + "2. Sunt nervi mic\u0219ti ce asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia unor organe toracice ", + "3. Elibereaz\u0103 acela\u0219i mediator chimic la nivelul sinapselor ganglionare ", + "4. Apar\u021bin SNV parasimpatic: cranian (nervii vagi) \u0219i sacrat (nervii splanhnici) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul aparatului cardiovascular, hormoni i exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021bi uni/efecte:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Unii hormoni , cu precursor secretat de celule foliculare, produc vasodilata\u021bie ", + "2. Norepinefrina \u0219i epinefrina scad presiunea arterial\u0103 sistemic\u0103 ", + "3. Neurohormonii secreta\u021bi de zona central\u0103 a suprarenalei cresc excitabilitat ea miocardului ", + "4. Tiroxina \u0219i triiodotironina produc vasoconstric\u021bie pe vasele hepatice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cordoanele laterale se g\u0103sesc:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Fibrele sistemului piramidal care au format la nivel bulbar decusa\u021bia piramidal\u0103 ", + "2. 75% din fibrele corticospinale \u0219i fibre piramida le cu originea \u00een nucleul ro\u0219u ", + "3. Axoni direc\u021bi \u0219i \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai unor neuroni senzitivi medulari ", + "4. Axonii unor neuroni pseudounipolari cu localizare extranevraxial\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ramura ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Axoni ai neuronilor dispozitivului somatomotor din coarnele anterioare ", + "2. Dendri te lungi ale unor neuroni senzitivi din coarnele posterioare ", + "3. Axoni amielinici apar\u021bin\u00e2nd celui de -al doilea neuron al eferen\u021bei vegetative ", + "4. Axoni ai unor neuroni efectori cu distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 \u00een regiunea cervic al\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Activeaz\u0103 anabolismul proteinelor plasmatice \u0219i musculare ", + "2. Cresc excre\u021bia de azot, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i sens cu hormonii glucocorticoizi ", + "3. Inhib\u0103 mecanismele hepatice care degradeaz\u0103 colesterol ul plasmatic ", + "4. Intensific\u0103 catabolismul tisular al glucozei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Informa\u021biile proprioceptive :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. pot fi conduse de fasciculele Goll \u0219i B urdach spre bulb \u0219i de lemniscul medial spre talamus ", + "2. provenite de la nive lul fusurilor neuromusculare stau la baza regl\u0103rii ton usului muscular ", + "3. pot fi co nduse de fasciculele Flechsig \u0219i Gowers p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul cerebelului ", + "4. de la nivelul mu\u0219chilor masticatori sunt conduse prin fibre senzitive ale nervilor trigemeni " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Axonul neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Neuronii din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a coarnelor posterioare ", + "2. Deutoneuronii bulbari ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere ", + "3. Protoneuronii din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "4. Dendritele neuronilor motori din coarnele anterioare medulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fasciculele extrapiramidale se poate face urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Fasciculul rubrospinal este situat profund, \u00een vecin\u0103tatea substan\u021bei cenu\u0219ii, la nivelul ", + "2. Fasciculul tectospinal conduce impulsuri prin care sunt coordonate reflexel e posturale de r\u0103spuns la stimuli auditivi \u0219i vizuali ", + "3. Fasciculul vestibulospinal are origine \u00een nuclei care con\u021bin \u0219i protoneuronii unei sensibilit\u0103\u021bi conduse de nervul VIII ", + "4. Fasciculul reticulospinal face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni medulari ai c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina anterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Prelungirea celulipet\u0103 a celulelor olfactive se termin\u0103 cu o dilata\u021bie prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu cili ", + "2. Celulele bulbului olfactiv trimit impulsuri \u00een paleocortex pe calea perechii I de nervi cranieni ", + "3. Prelungirile celulifuge ale celulelor olfactive particip\u0103 la sinapse interneuronale \u00een bulbul olfactiv ", + "4. Celulele mitrale formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul bulbului se pot \u00eent\u00e2lni:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Axoni ai deutoneuronilor c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor specifice ", + "2. Lemniscul medial cu ori gine \u00een nuclei senzitivi pontini ", + "3. Axoni ai protoneuronilor c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice ", + "4. Prelungiri periferice ale unor neuroni din ganglionii spinali " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Procesul d e fuziune a imaginilor \u00eencepe de la nivelul corpilor genicula\u021bi laterali ", + "2. Sensibilitatea unui celule cu bastona\u0219 la \u00eentuneric este de 10 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t la lumin\u0103 ", + "3. Acomodarea se datoreaz\u0103 elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului, aparatului suspensor \u0219i mu\u0219chiului cil iar ", + "4. Fibre din tractul optic ajung la coliculul cvadrigemen inferior din mezencefal " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Senza\u021biile gustative primare sunt produse de substan\u021be diferite. Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Gustul s\u0103rat este produs de s\u0103ruri ionizabile ", + "2. Gustul acru este produs d e substan\u021be acide ", + "3. Gustul amar poate fi produs de alcaloizi ", + "4. Gustul dulce este produs numai de zaharuri " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bia afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre SNV simpatic:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Fibrele simpatice ale extremit\u0103\u021bii cefalice merg pe calea nervului cranian X ", + "2. Fibrele preganglionare simpatice determin\u0103 eliberarea de adrenalin\u0103 din medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", + "3. Fibrele postganglionare simpatice elibereaz\u0103 exclusiv noradrenalin\u0103 ", + "4. Componenta simpatic\u0103 activeaz\u0103 organismul pentru lupt\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103rare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ac\u021biunea unui stimul asupra unei celu le epiteliale senzoriale determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Modific\u0103ri ale poten\u021bialului membranar \u0219i instalarea unui poten\u021bial receptor ", + "2. Cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranei pentru anumi\u021bi ioni, urmat\u0103 de depolarizare ", + "3. Generarea unor poten\u021biale care nu respect\u0103 legea \u201dtot sau nimic \u201d ", + "4. \u00cenchiderea canalelor pentru Na+ \u00een cazul ac\u021biunii un ui stimul supraliminar nespecific " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos parasimpatic determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Mioz\u0103 prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter pupilar ", + "2. Contrac\u021bia splinei, glicogenoliz\u0103 hepatic\u0103 \u0219i secre\u021bie sudori par\u0103 localizat\u0103 ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei exocrine a pancreasului ", + "4. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 apoas\u0103, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een sens cooperant cu componenta simpatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Perechea a V -a de nervi cranieni:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 a fibre lor senzitive \u00een nucleul Gasser din trunchiul cer ebral ", + "2. Conduce, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, informa\u021bii dureroase de la nivelul mucoase i olfactive ", + "3. Con\u021bine pe traseu un ganglionul trigeminal cu neuroni bipolari senzitivi ", + "4. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie o parte din fibrele motorii la mu\u0219chii tensori ai timpanului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "TSH \u0219i ACTH:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unor glande endocrine periferice ", + "2. Se secret\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een condi\u021bii de stres ", + "3. Au secre\u021bia controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre hipotalamus prin neurohormoni eliberatori ", + "4. Provin din aceea\u0219i molecul\u0103 prin clivaj enzimatic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Celule cu rol de sus\u021bine re se g\u0103sesc la nivelul:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Organului receptor localizat pe membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + "2. Maculei utriculare ", + "3. Epiteliului columnar al mucoasei olfactive ", + "4. Retinei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Este controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre un hormon trop , \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia sanguin\u0103 a tiroxinei ", + "2. Presupune interven\u021bia hipotalamusului, care elibereaz\u0103 TRH, \u00een condi\u021bii de stres ", + "3. Depinde de integritatea anatomofunc\u021bional\u0103 a axului hipotalamo -hipofizo -tiroidian ", + "4. Se realizeaz\u0103 exclusiv pe cale nervoas\u0103, prin mecanisme de feedback III. PROBLEME: Pentru problemele / situa\u0163iile problem\u0103 numerotate de la 61 \u2013 70, alege un singur r\u0103spuns din variante le propuse. " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Despre axele corpului omenesc se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Axul l\u0103\u0163imii este orizontal \u0219i are un pol latera l \u015fi altul medial ", + "B. Axul sagital particip\u0103 la delimitarea planului m etameriei corpului ", + "C. Axul lungimii are un pol superior (caudal) \u0219i un pol inferior (cranial) ", + "D. Axul longitudinal \u015fi cel al grosimii delimiteaz\u0103 un plan paralel cu fruntea " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Distribu\u021bia inegal\u0103 a ionilor, pe cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be al e membranei unui neuron \u00een repaus, se datoreaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Deplas\u0103rii ionilor cu consum de energie, rezulta t\u0103 din hidroliza ADP ", + "B. Permeabilit\u0103\u021bii mai crescute a membranei pentru ionii de Na + dec\u00e2t pentru cei de K + ", + "C. Mecanismului de transport activ ce asigur\u0103 influ xul de K + \u0219i efluxul de Na + ", + "D. Permeabilit\u0103\u021bii selective a membranei ce asigur\u0103 o predominan\u021b\u0103 de anioni \u00een exteriorul celulei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Are o valoare u\u0219or pozitiv\u0103 \u00een celulele muscular e din antrul piloric ", + "B. Manifest\u0103 dou\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi speciale: suma\u021bia tem poral\u0103 \u0219i suma\u021bia spa\u021bial\u0103 ", + "C. Are o durat\u0103 mai mare pentru neuron dec\u00e2t pentru fibra ventricular\u0103 ", + "D. Se propag\u0103 saltatoriu \u00een fibrele nervilor splanh nici \u0219i pelvici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Fibre simpatice cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Conduc impulsuri care determin\u0103 inhibarea secre\u021b iei de suc pancreatic ", + "B. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea marelui \u0219i micului nerv spla nhnic ", + "C. Se distribuie c\u0103tre o gland\u0103 care con\u021bine celule nervoase lipsite de prelungiri ", + "D. Sunt scurte, colinergice \u0219i au ca destina\u021bie org anele din pelvis " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Func\u021bionarea general\u0103 a unei sinapse chimice presup une:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Stocarea noradrenalinei \u00een vezicule derivate din me mbrana presinaptic\u0103 ", + "B. Eliberarea mediatorului \u00een cuante \u00een fanta sinaptic \u0103, sub ac\u021biunea impulsului nervos ", + "C. Cuplarea temporar\u0103 a acetilcolinei cu receptori nes pecifici din fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", + "D. Inactivarea mediatorului de c\u0103tre enzime din citopl asma componentei postsinaptice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea nervilor visceromotori cu origine \u00een seg mentele medulare T 10 -T12 are ca efect:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Stimularea secre\u021biei medulosuprarenalei ", + "B. Cre\u0219terea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul jejuno-ileonulu i ", + "C. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor sudoripare ", + "D. Vasodilata\u021bia arteriolelor din tegument " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic det ermin\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Contrac\u021bia musculaturii netede bron\u0219ice ", + "B. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor salivare, lacrimal e \u0219i muco-nazale ", + "C. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", + "D. Acomodarea pentru vederea obiectelor situate \u00eent re 6 m \u0219i 25 cm de ochi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului cranian NU determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Sc\u0103derea frecven\u021bei poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune miocar dice ", + "B. Vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale \u0219i sal ivare ", + "C. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase de la nivelu l bronhiilor ", + "D. Dilatarea lumenului bronhiolelor prin relaxarea mus culaturii netede " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Despre aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Este conectat\u0103 direct cu corpul geniculat latera l ", + "B. La nivelul ei se realizeaz\u0103 senza\u021bia \u0219i recep\u021bia vizual\u0103 ", + "C. Este localizat\u0103 la nivelul lobului occipital (c\u00e2 mpurile 41,42) ", + "D. Distrugerea ei face imposibil\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea semni fica\u021biei cuvintelor citite " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul c\u0103ii optice se desprind colaterale care ajung direct sau indirect la:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Celulele secretoare de melanin\u0103 din glanda pinea l\u0103 ", + "B. Coliculii inferiori, centri ai reflexului de ori entare vizual\u0103 ", + "C. Centrii hipotalamici implica\u0163i \u00een reglarea ritmu lui nictemeral ", + "D. Centrii metatalamici care regleaz\u0103 diametrul pup ilar " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen cazul trecerii de la lumin\u0103 la \u00eentuneric \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2 nerii \u00een \u00eentuneric :", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Are loc conversia vitaminei A \u00een opsine ", + "B. Cre\u0219te lent cantitatea de rodopsin\u0103 ", + "C. Scade progresiv sensibilitatea bastona\u0219elor ", + "D. Se modific\u0103 reflex diametrul pupilar (mioz\u0103) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele nucleilor cohleari pontini realizeaz\u0103 sina pse directe cu:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Dendritele protoneuronilor care se distribuie ce lulelor auditive ", + "B. Neuroni din coliculii inferiori ai c\u0103ror axoni f ormeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", + "C. Axonii neuronilor din ganglionul spiral localiza t \u00een columel\u0103 ", + "D. Aria auditiv\u0103 primar\u0103 din profunzimea scizurii S ylvius " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Bulbul olfactiv con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Celule epiteliale senzoriale ale c\u0103ror prelungir i alc\u0103tuiesc tractul olfactiv ", + "B. Neuroni multipolari ai c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 pere chea I de nervi cranieni ", + "C. Celule granulare care stimuleaz\u0103 celulele cu rol de deutoneuroni ", + "D. Glomeruli ce reprezint\u0103 punctul terminal pentru axonii unor celule bipolare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la caracteri sticile unor analizatori:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Membrana bazilar\u0103 rezoneaz\u0103 cu sunete de frecven \u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 \u00een apropierea v\u00e2rfului cohleei ", + "B. Celula senzorial\u0103 vestibular\u0103 din macula utricul ar\u0103 prezint\u0103 numero\u0219i kinocili \u0219i stereocili ", + "C. Lumina traverseaz\u0103 straturile neuronilor multi- \u0219i bipolari retinieni \u00een drumul ei spre fotorecepto ri ", + "D. \u00cen depresiunea central\u0103 a maculei lutea se reali zeaz\u0103 o ampl\u0103 convergen\u021b\u0103 a impulsurilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 de la nivelul trunchiului \u0219i membrelor:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Are ca receptori specifici corpusculii Ruffini c are detecteaz\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 ", + "B. Este condus\u0103 prin dou\u0103 perechi de fascicule cu l ungimi diferite ", + "C. Utilizeaz\u0103 calea cordoanelor posterioare \u00eempreun \u0103 cu sensibilitatea de reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "D. Se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een lobul parietal, prin fibre lem niscale cu origine \u00een coarnele posterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia incorect\u0103 cu privire la cara cteristicile reflexelor \u00eenn\u0103scute:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Au arcuri reflexe preformate \u0219i centri nervo\u0219i subc orticali ", + "B. Pot fi somatice (convergen\u021ba axelor oculare), veget ative (oculocefalogir) ", + "C. Sunt invariabile, independente de experien\u021bele pers onale ", + "D. Pot fi simple (clipit, str\u0103nut, tuse) sau complexe (lan\u021buri de reflexe) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Prin axonii neuronilor din nucleul supraoptic se re alizeaz\u0103 transportul hormonului:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Eliberator de tireotropin\u0103, care controleaz\u0103 sec re\u021bia adenohipofizar\u0103 de TSH ", + "B. Ocitocin\u0103, care este un inhibitor al activit\u0103\u021bii gonadotrope ", + "C. Corticotropin\u0103, care exercit\u0103 efecte indirecte \u0219 i reduse asupra secre\u021biei de aldosteron ", + "D. Antidiuretic, care cre\u0219te presiunea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een doze nefiziologice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel hepatic:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Cortizolul favorizeaz\u0103 procesele catabolice prot eice ", + "B. Adrenalina inhib\u0103 depolimerizarea glicogenului ", + "C. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 ", + "D. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 depolimerizarea glicogenului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia zonei centrale a glandei suprarenale este:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Controlat\u0103 exclusiv pe cale umoral\u0103 ", + "B. Controlat\u0103 printr-un mecanism care presupune int egritatea nervilor vagi ", + "C. Reglat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de nivelul catecolaminelor di n s\u00e2nge ", + "D. Stimulat\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de hipoglicemie, expunere la frig, efort fizic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Intermediul unui hormon trop care stimuleaz\u0103 sin teza \u0219i secre\u021bia de calcitonin\u0103 ", + "B. Mecanism nervos prin care sunt stimulate desc\u0103rc \u0103rile de TRH, \u00een caz de stres ", + "C. Nivelul tireoglobulinei, eliberat\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge prin interven\u021bia TSH-ului ", + "D. Mecanisme de feed-back negativ epitalamo-hipofiz o-tiroidian " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Despre corpii cetonici se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Se sintetizeaz\u0103 sub influen\u0163a insulinei \u0219i a STH -ului ", + "B. Sinteza lor este inhibat\u0103 de hormonul secretat d e celulele insulare \u03b1 ", + "C. Se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een exces \u00een hiposecre\u021bia celulel or \u03b2 pancreatice ", + "D. Furnizez\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 reac\u0163iilor catabolice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la ac\u021biunile / efectele unor hormoni:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Calcitonina \u2013 inhib\u0103 activitatea osteogenetic\u0103 a osteocitelor ", + "B. Hormonii gonadali \u2013 favorizeaz\u0103 depunerea calciu lui \u00een oase ", + "C. Parathormonul \u2013 scade absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a ca lciului, prin efect indirect ", + "D. Glucocorticoizii \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza matricei p roteice osoase " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Insulina:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Activeaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivelul celulei hepat ice \u0219i musculare ", + "B. Diminueaz\u0103 rata gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u00ee n ficat ", + "C. Stimuleaz\u0103 trecerea glucozei din celule \u00een lichi dul interstitial ", + "D. Are efect stimulator asupra sintezei de glucoz\u0103 la nivel hepatic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "STH-ul:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , O 2-, S 2- ", + "B. Stimuleaz\u0103 osteogeneza, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd la nivelul car tilajelor metafizare ", + "C. \u00ce\u0219i exercit\u0103 efectele prin intermediul unor fact ori de inhibare a cre\u0219terii ", + "D. Stimuleaz\u0103 lipoliza \u0219i sinteza de corpi cetonici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La femeie, LH controleaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Ovogeneza \u0219i apari\u021bia corpului alb ", + "B. Activitatea endocrin\u0103 a corpului galben ", + "C. Cre\u0219terea \u0219i maturarea foliculului ovarian ", + "D. Activitatea secretorie a celulelor Leydig " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele boli sunt cauzate de hiposecre\u0163ii gland ulare:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Boala Addison \u015fi boala Recklinghausen ", + "B. Diabetul insipid \u015fi boala Conn ", + "C. Ca\u015fexia hipofizar\u0103 \u015fi tetania paratiroidian\u0103 ", + "D. Mixedemul \u015fi sindromul androgenital " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Expresia clinic\u0103 a insuficien\u021bei corticosuprarenali ene cronice include:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. G\u00e2t \u00eengro\u0219at \u0219i abdomen destins, voluminos ", + "B. \u00cennegrirea p\u0103rului, pigmentarea pielii, vitiligo ", + "C. \u00cengro\u0219area membrelor prin depunere de \u021besut adip os ", + "D. Formarea unui panicul adipos interscapular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de ADH este inhibat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Alcool, prin ac\u021biune direct\u0103 ", + "B. Sc\u0103derea volumului sanguin ", + "C. Durerea puternic\u0103 ", + "D. Sc\u0103derea presiunii arteriale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Efectul hiperglicemiant al tiroxinei se produce pri n stimularea:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Transform\u0103rii glucozei \u00een compu\u0219i neglucidici, p rin gluconeogenez\u0103 ", + "B. Absorb\u021biei intestinale a glicogenului ", + "C. Catabolismului glicogenului \u00een ficat ", + "D. Oxid\u0103rii glucozei \u00een celulele corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Ac\u021biunile / efectele aldosteronului constau \u00een:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Stimularea elimin\u0103rii excesului de ap\u0103 ", + "B. Sc\u0103derea volemiei \u0219i a presiunii sangvine ", + "C. Stimularea elimin\u0103rilor de K + c\u00e2nd pH-ul s\u00e2ngelui scade ", + "D. Sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de Na + din saliv\u0103 \u0219i sudoare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune al neuronului:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Are amplitudinea propor\u021bional\u0103 cu intensitatea s timulului (r\u0103spuns gradat) ", + "2. Are o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 care corespunde difuziun ii K+ prin canale speciale ", + "3. Se autopropag\u0103 de-a lungul axolemei, cu diminuar ea amplitudinii sale ", + "4. Are o pant\u0103 ascendent\u0103 care face parte din perio ada refractar\u0103 absolut\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reflexe se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Reflexul cornean de clipire \u2013 poate fi abolit \u00een cazul unor leziuni ale nervului trigemen ", + "2. Reflexul rotulian - este somatic proprioceptiv \u0219 i reglat de centri medulari lombari ", + "3. Reflexul olfactivo-somatic - se \u00eenchide \u00een nucle i ce apar\u021bin unei forma\u021biuni diencefalice ", + "4. Reflexul de mic\u021biune \u2013 este vegetativ \u0219i are cen trii \u00een m\u0103duva toracolombar\u0103 (T 6-L2) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Din componen\u021ba arcului reflex miotatic fac parte:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Receptori musculari, care detecteaz\u0103 modific\u0103ril e lungimii mu\u0219chiului ", + "2. Calea aferent\u0103, care con\u021bine fibre senzitive mie linice, primare \u0219i secundare ", + "3. Calea eferent\u0103, ai c\u0103rei axoni formeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci mo torii la nivelul efectorului ", + "4. Efectorul, capabil s\u0103 transforme energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie mecanic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Substratul anatomic al reflexului lacrimal cuprinde :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Prelungiri celulipete din ramura trigeminal\u0103 oft almic\u0103 ", + "2. Fibre senzitive din ramura maxilar\u0103 a nervului cranian V ", + "3. Prelungiri celulifuge din nervul VII care ajung \u00eentr-un ganglion juxtavisceral ", + "4. Fibre somatice ce apar\u021bin nervului facial " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reflexele medulare se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Reflexul nociceptiv - are centrii nervo\u0219i polisi naptici, incluz\u00e2nd \u0219i neuroni intercalari ", + "2. Reflexul care produce extensia gambei pe coaps\u0103 - are centrul la nivelul unei sinapse interneuronal e ", + "3. Reflexul cardioaccelerator - are centrii nervo\u0219i localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele laterale T 3-T5 ", + "4. Reflexul care produce piloerec\u021bie - are centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele anterioare T 1-L2 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Glaucomul :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Presupune o drenare insuficient\u0103 a umorii apoase prin sistemul arterial ocular ", + "2. Este cauzat de atrofia tractului optic ca urmare a unei infec\u021bii ", + "3. Determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea tensiunii intraoculare \u0219i a c\u00e2mpului vizual ", + "4. Afecteaz\u0103 prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor ganglionari retinieni " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la nervii cr anieni:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Unii nervi senzoriali au fibrele reprezentate de axoni ai protoneuronilor ", + "2. Perechile de nervi VII, IX \u0219i X includ \u0219i fibre viscerosenzitive ", + "3. \u00cen regiunea frontal\u0103 se distribuie ramuri ce apa r\u021bin a dou\u0103 perechi de nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti ", + "4. Nervul X prime\u0219te fibre din ramura extern\u0103 a ner vului accesor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt nervi mic\u015fti, con\u0163in\u00e2nd dou\u0103 ramuri senzitive \u015fi una motorie ", + "2. Conduc sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 pentru mu\u015fchii masticatori ", + "3. Inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, glanda sa livar\u0103 sublingual\u0103 ", + "4. Conduc impulsuri motorii c\u0103tre mu\u015fchii tensori ai t impanului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni VII \u015fi IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele c aracteristici:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Includ \u00een alc\u0103tuirea lor \u0219i prelungiri ale unor neuroni ganglionari ", + "2. Conduc informa\u0163ii pentru formarea de senza\u0163ii \u00een girusului postcentral ", + "3. Inerveaz\u0103 grupe de mu\u015fchi stria\u0163i de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u0163ii cefalice ", + "4. Con\u021bin fibre visceromotorii care se termin\u0103 \u00een g anglioni intramurali " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor voluntare fine, cerebelul in tervine prin:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Elaborarea planului mi\u0219c\u0103rii prev\u0103zute pentru a fi executat\u0103 ", + "2. Compararea comenzii centrale cu modul \u00een care ac easta este executat\u0103 ", + "3. Desc\u0103rcarea direct\u0103 de impulsuri prin calea pira midal\u0103, produc\u00e2nd contrac\u021bii ", + "4. Corectarea planului mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu i nforma\u021biile primite de la receptori " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie de la baza emisferelor cerebrale:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Determin\u0103 reparti\u021bia adecvat\u0103 a tonusului la niv elul musculaturii active ", + "2. Moduleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile automate \u0219i semiautomate ", + "3. Sunt implica\u021bi \u00een circuitul neuronal \u201dcortico-st rio-talamo-cortical\u201d ", + "4. Exercit\u0103 o ac\u021biune stimulatoare asupra tonusului muscular " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "De la nucleii vestibulari pornesc fibre spre:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Nucleii somatomotori a trei perechi de nervi cra nieni motori ", + "2. Arhicerebel, prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i inferior i ", + "3. Neuronii dispozitivului somatomotor medular ", + "4. Girusul temporal superior din vecin\u0103tarea ariei acustice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen asigurarea inerva\u021biei inimii intervin:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a coarnelor laterale toracale ", + "2. Fibre postganglionare adrenergice \u0219i colinergice ", + "3. Ganglionii cervicali ai lan\u021bului laterovertebral ", + "4. Nucleul dorsal al vagului din bulbul rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Parametrii func\u021bionali ai inimii sunt influen\u021ba\u021bi d e urm\u0103torii hormoni:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i glucagon, care cresc frecven\u021ba cardi ac\u0103 ", + "2. Norepinefrin\u0103, care are un efect discret cardioa ccelerator ", + "3. Acetilcolin\u0103, care scade for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie mio cardic\u0103 ", + "4. Adrenalin\u0103, care este utilizat\u0103 ca stimulant car diac \u00een practica medical\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii pentru durere:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Se g\u0103sesc \u00een epiderm, \u00een cornee \u0219i \u00een capsula a rticular\u0103 ", + "2. Sunt stimula\u0163i de substan\u0163e chimice eliberate de celulele lezate ", + "3. Se adapteaz\u0103 pu\u0163in sau deloc \u00een prezen\u0163a stimulu lui ", + "4. Sunt, \u00een general, termina\u021bii nervoase libere " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii maculari:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Particip\u0103 la detectarea accelera\u021biei \u00een cadrul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie ale capului ", + "2. Sunt sensibili la \u00eenclin\u0103ri ale capului \u00een cazul \u00eencetinirii mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "3. Se activeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea membranei otolitice de c\u0103tre endolimf\u0103 ", + "4. Stau la baza reflexelor de redresare \u0219i a celor statokinetice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Reprezint\u0103 receptori specifici pentru reflexele nociceptive medulare ", + "2. Primesc impulsuri de la unii motoneuroni prin in termediul unor sinapse chimice ", + "3. Se adapteaz\u0103 datorit\u0103 ac\u021biunii permanente a for\u021b ei de gravita\u021bie ", + "4. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pentru reglarea lungimii mu\u0219chiului s triat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Organele tendinoase Golgi:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt excitate de \u00eentinderea puternic\u0103 a tendonul ui ", + "2. Sunt alc\u0103tuite din 1-3 fibre nervoase butonate, \u00eenconjurate de o capsul\u0103 conjunctiv\u0103 ", + "3. Deservesc reflexul de inhibare a contrac\u021biei mus culare ", + "4. Con\u021bin fibre care \u00ee\u0219i pierd mielina c\u00e2nd se apli c\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba fibrelor tendinoase " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul organului Corti:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. celulele senzoriale sunt dispuse pe 3-4 \u0219iruri s pre columel\u0103 ", + "2. celulele de sus\u021binere delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", + "3. celulele receptoare au cili rigizi ce traverseaz \u0103 membrana tectoria ", + "4. tunelul Corti este traversat de dendrite ale pro toneuronilor ganglionari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la fiziologia analizatorului auditiv sun t adev\u0103rate afirma\u021biile:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Hiperpolariz\u0103rile celulelor auditive scad frecve n\u021ba poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune \u00een nervii cohleari ", + "2. Impulsurile de la o ureche intern\u0103 se trasmit pr in c\u0103i bilaterale, cu predominan\u021ba transmiterii contralaterale ", + "3. Excita\u021biile sonore cu frecven\u021be diferite se tran smit prin \u201dfibre izolate\u201d c\u0103tre cortexul auditiv ", + "4. Impulsurile auditive se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een cortexul temporal, pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Controlul secre\u021biei de melatonin\u0103:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Este dependent de integritatea anatomic\u0103 a inerv a\u021biei parasimpatice a epifizei ", + "2. Implic\u0103 fibre simpatice postganglionare din gang lionul cervical superior ", + "3. Presupune conducerea de impulsuri motorii prin t ractul retinohipotalamic ", + "4. Implic\u0103 conexiuni \u00eentre centrii hipotalamici \u0219i segmentele medulare T 1-T3 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen vasele sistemului descris de Grigore T. Popa \u0219i Unna Fielding:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Circul\u0103 s\u00e2nge cu neurosecre\u021bii spre lobul poster ior hipofizar ", + "2. Se g\u0103sesc hormoni stimulatori \u0219i inhibitori ai s ecre\u021biei de ACTH ", + "3. Circul\u0103 ocitocina \u0219i vasopresina spre locul de d epozitare ", + "4. Este eliberat\u0103 secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a nucleilor hi potalamici mijlocii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. \u00cen hipoglicemie cre\u0219te secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 insu lare ", + "2. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea glucozei \u00een celu le cu nuclei periferici ", + "3. \u00cen hiperglicemie cre\u0219te secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b1 ins ulare ", + "4. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivelul u nor celule binucleate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi ac\u021biunile / efectele exercitate de unii h ormoni \u00een cazul hipersecre\u021biei lor:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. ADH \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul intestinal ", + "2. Vasopresina \u2013 provoac\u0103 hiperglicemie ", + "3. Aldosteronul \u2013 determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl - ", + "4. Insulina \u2013 provoac\u0103 hipoglicemie sever\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia celulelor care reprezint\u0103 20% din pancreas ul endocrin:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Inhib\u0103 unele secre\u021bii digestive (gastric\u0103, bilia r\u0103) ", + "2. Stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza din aminoacizi ", + "3. Scade sinteza de corpi cetonici ", + "4. Activeaz\u0103 enzima care intensific\u0103 lipoliza \u00een \u021be sutul adipos " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Tireoglobulina:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Este o protein\u0103 cu molecul\u0103 mare secretat\u0103 de ce lule speciale \u201dC\u201d ", + "2. Difuzeaz\u0103 din coloid \u00een s\u00e2nge, sub influen\u021ba TSH -ului ", + "3. Exercit\u0103 efecte hiperglicemiante \u0219i hipocolester olemiante ", + "4. Are \u00een alc\u0103tuirea ei molecule de tirozin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii timici:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de numeroase peptide secretate de celulele epiteliale timice ", + "2. Pot determina, \u00een hiposecre\u021bie, infec\u021bii, inflam a\u021bii, sl\u0103biciune ", + "3. Regleaz\u0103 maturarea limfocitelor T ", + "4. Intervin \u00een ap\u0103rarea fa\u021b\u0103 de infec\u021bii cu evolu\u021bi e lent\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Epinefrina:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Dilat\u0103 vasele coronare, pulmonare \u0219i cutanate ", + "2. Are acela\u0219i efect asupra glicogenului hepatic ca \u0219i glucagonul ", + "3. Inhib\u0103 mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din depozite ", + "4. Este secretat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba stimul\u0103rii nervului splanhnic mare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "ACTH \u0219i MSH au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Provin din acela\u0219i precursor, prin clivaj enzima tic ", + "2. Sunt secreta\u021bi de lobul care reprezint\u0103 75% din masa hipofizei ", + "3. Au secre\u021bia reglat\u0103 de nucleii mijlocii ai hipot alamusului ", + "4. Provoac\u0103 depigmentarea pielii c\u00e2nd se secret\u0103 \u00een doze mari " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Acromegalia se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Modificarea fizionomiei prin \u00eengro\u0219area nasului \u0219i buzelor ", + "2. Sl\u0103birea musculaturii \u0219i dureri articulare ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea dimensiunii m\u00e2inilor, degetelor \u0219i sen za\u021bie de furnicare ", + "4. Scurtarea ciclului menstrual la femeie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2017" + }, + { + "question": "Axul sagital:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Este orizontal, prezent\u00e2nd un pol medial \u0219i altul lateral ", + "B. Corespunde l\u0103\u021bimii corpului ", + "C. \u00cemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi: anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 ", + "D. Este inclus \u00een planul metameriei corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Amplitudine propor\u021bional\u0103 cu intensitatea stimulului aplicat ", + "B. Vitez\u0103 de propagare diferit\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de diametru \u0219i grad ul de mielinizare al axonului ", + "C. Valoare maxim\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 \u00een fibrele musculare de la nivelul antrului gastric ", + "D. Proprietatea de sumare spa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i temporal\u0103 \u0219i de propagare prin fluxuri circulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele care deservesc sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Pot conduce impulsuri nervoase determinate de stimularea corpusculilor Ruffini ", + "B. Au neuronul de origine numai \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 \u0219i a trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. Sunt situate \u00een cordoanele posterioare \u0219i laterale, \u00eentotdeauna de partea opus\u0103 originii lor ", + "D. Conduc impulsuri care se pot proiecta \u00een a ria somestezic\u0103 I din neocerebel " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la n ervii cranieni:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Fibre o ftalmic e \u2013 transmit informa\u021bii somestezice de la nivelul unor componente ale globului ocular ", + "B. Oculomotor \u2013 face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor ", + "C. Facial \u2013 inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv \u0219i motor o parte din musculatura striat\u0103 a fe\u021bei ", + "D. Pneumogastric \u2013 inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a zonei centrale a suprarenalei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre nervii cranieni este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Nervii VII, IX \u0219i X \u00ee\u0219i distribuie fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul solitar c\u0103tre limb\u0103 ", + "B. Fibre ale nervului XI iau calea nervului IX spre efectori viscerali de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", + "C. Nervii IX \u0219i X \u00ee\u0219i distribuie fibre \u00een zonele reflexogene cardiovasculare ", + "D. Fibrele nervului accesor au originea \u00een nucleul am biguu, f\u0103r\u0103 excep\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele plexului hipogastric se distribuie urm\u0103toarelor viscere:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Testicule \u0219i ovare ", + "B. Rect \u0219i vezic\u0103 urinar\u0103 ", + "C. Stomac \u0219i intestin subtire ", + "D. Rinichi \u0219i prostat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ con\u021bine fibre:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Parasimpatice amielinice cu originea \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervilor III, VII, IX, X ", + "B. Cu originea \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervilor cranieni glosofaringiani \u0219i vagi ", + "C. Simpatice mielinice cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei toracolombare ", + "D. Cu originea \u00een cinc i nuclei vegetativi parasimpatici din trunchiul cerebral " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ parasimpatic se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Produce contrac\u021bia musculaturii \u0219i cre\u0219te secre\u021bi a glandelor mucoase de la nivelul arborelui br on\u0219ic ", + "B. Contract\u0103 vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i vezica urinar\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219te tonusul majorit\u0103\u021bii sfincterelor d igestive ", + "C. Stimuleaz\u0103, prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal, secre\u021biile nazale, lacrimale \u0219i salivare ", + "D. Cre\u0219te viteza de conducere a poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune la nivelul miocardului atrial " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrelor vegetative simpatice:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Din ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie se distribuie doar mu\u0219chilor netezi piloerectori ", + "B. Cu originea \u00een ganglionul mezenteric superior se distribuie stomacului \u0219i duodenului ", + "C. Din alc\u0103tuirea m icului nerv splanhnic ajung \u00een cel pu\u021bin d oi ganglion i prevertebrali ", + "D. Cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale L 1-L2 formeaz\u0103 nervii pelvici care contract\u0103 uterul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Scotopsina:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een membranele celulelor vizuale cu prag ul de excitabilitate cel mai ridicat ", + "B. Se leag\u0103 de un derivat al vitaminei A, form\u00e2nd pigmen\u021bi sensibili la ro\u0219u, verde \u0219i albastru ", + "C. Rezult\u0103 din combina\u021bia \u00eentre un tip de opsin\u0103 \u0219i un fragment de caroten ", + "D. Este o protein\u0103 care \u00een combina\u021bie cu retinen ul formeaz\u0103 purpurul retinian " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre reflexul de acomodare pentru vederea de aproape este adev\u0103rat c \u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Axele vizuale ale celor doi ochi sunt paralele \u0219i pupilele sunt dilatate ", + "B. Curbura anterioar\u0103 a corneei cre\u0219te la valoarea sa maxim\u0103, prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului ciliar ", + "C. Acomodarea la punctul proxim cre\u0219te tensiunea \u00een ligamentul suspensor \u0219i cristaloid\u0103 ", + "D. Presupune \u0219i reflexul de convergen\u021b \u0103 realizat prin contrac\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi insera\u021bi pe sclerotic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fusul neuromuscular:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Are sinapse mediate de acetilcolin\u0103, spre deosebire de fibrele extrafusale ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 inerva\u021bie senzitiv\u0103 cu originea \u00een coarnele posterio are medulare ", + "C. Con\u021bine mio fibrile organizate \u00een sarcomere, ca \u0219i fibrele mu\u0219chiului scheletic ", + "D. Prime\u0219te \u00een por\u021biunile periferice dendrite ale neuronilor dispozitivului somatomotor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Vibra\u021biile endolimfei din rampa timpanic\u0103 determin\u0103 vibra\u021bia membranei bazilare ", + "B. Undele cu frecven\u021b\u0103 joas\u0103 determin\u0103 vibra\u021bii ample ale membranei bazilare la baza melcului ", + "C. Celulele ciliate sunt stimulate de deplasarea organului Corti fa\u021b\u0103 de membrana reticulat\u0103 ", + "D. Fibre le c\u0103ii auditive prezint\u0103 specializare zonal\u0103 , de la nivelul ganglionului spiral p\u00e2n\u0103 la cortex " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii vestibulari stabilesc conexiuni directe cu:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Neuroni talamici ai c\u0103ror axoni se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 I din girul postcentral ", + "B. Axoni ai unor neuroni bipolari extrane vraxiali \u0219i dendrite ale unor neuroni de execu\u021bie ", + "C. Nucleii nervilor II, IV \u0219i VI, pentru mi\u0219c\u0103rile globilor oculari cu punct de plecare labirintic ", + "D. Cerebrocerebelul, cu rol \u00een men\u021binerea echilibrului, pe baza informa\u021biilor vestibulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele olfactive se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Se formeaz\u0103 prin diviziunea \u0219i diferen\u021bierea celulelor de sus\u021binere ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 la nivelul butonului olfactiv cili mobili, acoperi\u021bi de mucus ", + "C. Realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu celule mitrale \u0219i celule granulare cu rol stimulator ", + "D. Prezint\u0103 un proces fiziologic de re\u00eenno ire, pe seama unor celule bazale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen vede rea stimul\u0103rii receptorilor olfactivi este necesar\u0103 :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Dizolvarea substan\u021belor inodore \u00een pelicula de mucus de la suprafa\u021ba mucoasei nazale ", + "B. Ata\u0219area moleculelor volatile de o protein\u0103 re ceptor din membrana cililor receptorilor ", + "C. Prezen\u021ba s ubstan\u021bele odorante \u00eentr-o concentra\u021bie inferioar\u0103 pragului de excitare ", + "D. Deschiderea canalele ionice pentru Na+ \u0219i Ca2+ de c\u0103tre moleculele lipidice receptoare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre analizatorul olfactiv este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 tracturi care se termin\u0103 \u00een diencefal ", + "B. Aria olfactiv\u0103 primar\u0103 determin\u0103 formarea de senza\u021bii olfactive fine, pl\u0103cute \u0219i nepl\u0103cute ", + "C. Celulele granulare realizeaz\u0103 sinapse inhibitorii cu deutoneuroni olfactivi ", + "D. Fiecare receptor olfactiv posed\u0103 mai multe tipuri de proteine receptoare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Tractul optic se \u00eentinde \u00eentre chiasma optic\u0103 \u0219i marginile scizurii cal carine ", + "B. Celulele senzoriale ale maculei utriculare sunt stimulate de \u00eencetinirea mi\u0219c\u0103rii rectilinii orizontale ", + "C. Calea gustativ\u0103 conduce informa\u021bii, prin fibre ganglionare, \u00een nuclei senzitivi pontini ", + "D. Tractul olfactiv se \u00eentinde \u00eentre butonul olfactiv \u0219i gi rusul hipocampic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la ac\u021biunile/efectele unor hormoni:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Adrenalina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor cu o pondere de 60 -70% \u00een pancreasul insular ", + "B. Vasotocina exercit\u0103 efecte vasoconstrictoare arteriolare, \u00een doze mari ", + "C. Cortizolul scade stabilitatea membranelor lizozomale, prevenind inflama\u021bia ", + "D. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 transportul glucozei prin membrana celulelor adipoase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Cortizolul produce urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Scade num\u0103rul plachetelor sangvine ", + "B. Intensific\u0103 catabolismu l proteinelor hepatice ", + "C. Determin\u0103 supresia sistemului imun ", + "D. Cre\u0219te sensibilitatea la stimuli auditivi \u0219i vizuali " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de ADH este inhibat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Durere ", + "B. Sc\u0103derea volumului sangvin ", + "C. Alcool ", + "D. Cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei urinei finale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre disfunc\u021biile endocrine \u0219i simptomele acestora:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Boala Addison \u2013 piele sub\u021bire, vergeturi, depresie ", + "B. Boala Perry \u2013 tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor, nervozitate ", + "C. Sindromul Cushing \u2013 pigmentarea mucoasei bucale, anorexie ", + "D. Ca\u0219exia hipofizar\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219tere \u00een greutate, anemie, c\u0103derea p\u0103rului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la timus, sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Secret\u0103 timocrescin\u0103, care intervine \u00een metabolismul fierului ", + "B. Evolu\u021bia sa este stimulat\u0103 de hormonii steroizi ", + "C. Con\u021bine corpusculii Hassal, care secret\u0103 diferite tipur i de peptide ", + "D. Intervine \u00een procesul de ap\u0103rare imun\u0103 \u0219i \u00een demineralizarea osoas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre PTH este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Necesit\u0103 Mg2+ pentru sinteza sa la nivelul celulelor principale ", + "B. Inhib\u0103 absorb\u021bia Ca2+ la nivelul enterocitelor, prin efectul vitaminei D ", + "C. Exercit\u0103 efecte similare cu extractele de timus la nivelul osului ", + "D. Determin\u0103, \u00een hiposecre\u021bia sa, sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel hepatic:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Glucagonul inhib\u0103 depolimerizarea unui polizaharid ", + "B. Adrenalina produce vasodilata\u021bie \u0219i contrac\u021bia ficatului ", + "C. Cortizolul inhib\u0103 gluconeogeneza din aminoacizi ", + "D. Tiroxina activeaz\u0103 mecanisme cu efect hipocolesterolemiant " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre hormoni \u0219i ac\u021biunile/efectele acestora:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Somatotropul \u2013 sc\u0103derea concentra\u021biei aminoacizilor plasmatici ", + "B. Insul ina \u2013 activarea gluconeogenezei hepatice \u0219i musculare ", + "C. Glucagonul \u2013 stimularea secre\u021biei gastrice acide \u0219i a celei biliare ", + "D. Cortizolul \u2013 cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii tubilor renali pentru ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre hormonii glandulotropi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Tireotropina (TSH) secretat\u0103 \u00een doze mici poate determina protruzia globilor oculari ", + "B. LH determin\u0103 eliberarea celulei sexuale din foliculul de Graaf ", + "C. Cortocotropina (ACTH) controleaz\u0103 sinteza de steroizi a medularei suprarenalei ", + "D. FSH stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule testiculare intersti\u021biale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Aldosteronul:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Ac\u021bionea z\u0103 la nivelul g landelor suprarenale, salivare \u0219i colice ", + "B. Regleaz\u0103 presiunea coloid -osmotic\u0103 a mediului intern ", + "C. Determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl- \u0219i HCO 3-, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie ", + "D. Provoac\u0103 acid oz\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103derea potasemiei , \u00een hiposecre\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corec t\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Boala Simmonds const\u0103 \u00een hipertrofie tisular\u0103 \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire prematur\u0103 ", + "B. Sindromul Cushing se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin membre superioare sub\u021biri \u0219i falange cu mo\u021b la m\u00e2ini ", + "C. Tetania presupune sc\u0103derea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la frig \u0219i a rigidit\u0103\u021bii extremit\u0103\u021bilor ", + "D. \u00cen boala Recklinghausen pot ap\u0103rea calcific\u0103ri ale organelor cu \u021besuturi moi \u0219i afec\u021biuni nervoase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la mecanismul de ac\u021biune al hormonilor, este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. ADH formeaz\u0103 un complex hormon -receptor, care se leag\u0103 de o protein\u0103 asociat\u0103 ARNm ", + "B. TSH induce sinteza de proteine celulare specifice, ca urmare a ac\u021biunii asupra ADN -ului nuclear ", + "C. Complexul insulin\u0103 -receptor activeaz\u0103 adenilat -ciclaza, care descompune ATP \u00een AMP ciclic ", + "D. Cortizolul determin\u0103 activarea proteinkinazelor implicate \u00een fosforilarea proteinelor specifice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul de membran\u0103 depinde de:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Pompa Na+-K+ care introduce rapid Na+ \u0219i expulzeaz\u0103 lent K+, \u00eentr -un raport de 3/2 ", + "2. Anionii anorganici nedifuzibili afla\u021bi \u00een citoplasm\u0103, care resping ionii de Cl- ", + "3. Transportul pasiv al Na+ \u0219i K+ prin canale (polipeptide cu greutate molecular\u0103 mare) ", + "4. Activitatea unei proteine care folose\u0219te direct energia rezultat\u0103 din ATP " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fazele poten\u021bia lului de ac\u021biune se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Pragul \u2013 valoarea poten\u021bialului de membran\u0103 cre\u0219te la un nivel critic numit poten\u021bial prag ", + "2. Depolarizarea \u2013 polaritatea membranei se inverseaz\u0103 prin activarea pompei de Na+-K+ ", + "3. Hiperpolarizarea \u2013 difuzia Na+ din celul \u0103 continu\u0103 \u0219i dup\u0103 revenirea la valoarea poten\u021bialului de repaus ", + "4. Repolarizarea \u2013 K+ difuzeaz\u0103 din celul\u0103 prin canale speciale care se deschid \u00een prezen\u021ba stimulului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la sinapse este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Sinteza de acetilcolin\u0103 necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP -ului din mitocondriile componentei presinaptice ", + "2. Fixarea acetilcolinei de receptorii sarcolemei determin\u0103 apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune ", + "3. \u00cen sinapsele receptor -neuron, impulsul nervos se auto propag\u0103 prin mecanismul circuitelor loca le ", + "4. Acetilcolina este inactivat\u0103 lent de enzimele din celula postsinaptic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Kinestezice \u2013 are deutoneuroni \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", + "2. Protopatice \u2013 are \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 lemniscul medial format din axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ", + "3. Epicritice \u2013 include axoni lungi ai unor neuroni ganglionari multipolari ", + "4. De reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u2013 este deservit\u0103 de fascicule pozi\u021bionate \u00een cordoanele laterale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Axonul protoneuronului din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Deutoneuroni bulbari ai sensi bilit\u0103\u021bii ce informeaz\u0103 despre pozi\u021bia corpului \u00een spa\u021biu ", + "2. Neuroni de asocia\u021bie din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "3. Neuronii de origine ai lemniscului medial cu traseu ascendent prin trunchiul cerebral ", + "4. Dendrite ale neuronilor somatomotori \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt tracturi ale cordonul ui lateral:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Spinocerebelos posterior ", + "2. Vestibulospinal lateral ", + "3. Spinocerebelos anterior ", + "4. Spinotectal " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii hipoglo\u0219i :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Au dou\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cini: ventral\u0103 \u0219i dorsal\u0103 ", + "2. Prezint\u0103 fibre somatomotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", + "3. Au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 ", + "4. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi care intervin \u00een vorbire " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Con\u021bine fibre care fac sinapse noncolinergice cu neuroni din ganglioni juxtaviscerali ", + "2. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie unele fibre cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103tre organe de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", + "3. Include dou\u0103 tipuri de fibre visceromotorii: lungi, mielinice \u0219i scurte , amielinice ", + "4. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nervul trigemen " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre nervul trigemen se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Are trei ramuri \u00een alc\u0103tuirea c\u0103rora intr\u0103 axoni ai neuronilor ganglionari trigeminali ", + "2. Prezint\u0103 o ramura mandibular\u0103, format\u0103 din axoni ai unor neuroni senzitivi \u0219i ai unor neuroni motori ", + "3. Include fibre senzitive prin care culege informa\u021bii gustative din pa rtea anterioar\u0103 a limbii ", + "4. Distribuie c\u0103tre mucoasa nazal\u0103 fibre senzitive ce apar\u021bin la dou\u0103 ramuri " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urechea extern\u0103 este inervat\u0103 de fibre ce apar\u021bin nervilor:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Trigemen i (ramura mandibular\u0103) ", + "2. Vestibulocohleari ", + "3. Pneumogastrici ", + "4. Glosofaringieni " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Spinocerebelul:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Controleaz\u0103 musculatura striat\u0103 axial\u0103 \u0219i distal\u0103 ", + "2. Trimite eferen\u021be care ajung la cortexul motor , dup\u0103 o sta\u021bie la nivel talamic ", + "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin intermediul fasciculelor vestibulo -, reticulo - \u0219i rubrospinale ", + "4. Determin\u0103, prin extirpa rea sa, tulbur\u0103ri de ortostatism " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionii bazali:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Particip\u0103 la reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de ansamblu ", + "2. Apar\u021bin c\u0103ilor motilit\u0103\u021bii automate \u0219i semiautomate ", + "3. Trimit eferen\u021be spre talamus \u0219i mezencefal ", + "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 tonusul musculaturii striate " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea neuronilor visceromot ori din segmentele medulare L1 -L2 produce:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Stimularea secre\u021biei de catecolamine a medulosuprarenalei ", + "2. Reducerea secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 ", + "3. Sc\u0103derea activit\u0103\u021bii motorii \u0219i secretorii la nivel gastric ", + "4. Contrac\u021bia sfincterului vezical intern " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ simpatic spre deosebire de cel parasimpatic prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Dou\u0103 tipuri de fibre eferente: cu conducere saltatorie \u0219i cu conducere din aproape \u00een aproape ", + "2. Sinapse adrenergice la contactul cu unii efectori vegetativi ", + "3. Distribu\u021bia fibrelor postganglionare limitat\u0103 la cap \u0219i la viscere din cavit\u0103\u021bile corpului ", + "4. Sinapse interneuronale \u00een ganglionii celiaci, mezenterici \u0219i \u00een medulosuprarenal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea fibrelor simpatice determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. For\u021bei de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103, ca \u0219i glucagonul ", + "2. Glicogenolizei, c a \u0219i catecolaminele ", + "3. Frecven\u021bei cardiace, ca \u0219i hormonii tiroidieni ", + "4. Metabolismului bazal, ca \u0219i cortizolul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele nervoase cu origine \u00een ganglionul:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Otic \u2013 sunt destinate glandelor salivare sublinguale ", + "2. Ciliar \u2013 inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chiul dilatator pupilar al iri sului ", + "3. Submandibular \u2013 ajung la glandele salivare parotide ", + "4. Pterigopalatin \u2013 se distribuie glandelor lacrimale \u0219i muconazale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Baza anatomic\u0103 a r eflexelor medulare se poate caracteriza prin:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Iradierea impulsurilor \u00een func\u021bie de intensitatea stimulului (reflexul plantar) ", + "2. Centri i localiza\u021bi la nivelul segmentelor T3 -T5 (reflexul pentru motilitatea gastrointestinal\u0103 ) ", + "3. Centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii (reflexul abdominal) ", + "4. Prezen\u021ba neuronilor intercalari \u00eentre neuronul viscerosenzitiv \u0219i cel preganglionar simpatic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Stimularea neuronilor postganglionari din ganglionii celiaci ", + "2. Ac\u021biunea unui hormon al pancreasului insular ", + "3. Sec\u021bionarea unui nerv cranian care include cin ci categorii de fibre ", + "4. Func\u021bionarea neuronilor din ganglionii paravertebrali T 1-T4 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea organelor neurotendinoase Golgi:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Este determinat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea brusc\u0103 a tensiunii musculare \u00een contrac\u021bii rapide, intense ", + "2. Ini\u021biaz\u0103 impulsuri pentru generarea unui reflex inhibitor ", + "3. Declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un mecanism de protec\u021bie, care previne apari\u021bia unui rupturi musculare ", + "4. Exercit\u0103 o ac\u021biune inhibitoare direct\u0103 asupra motoneuronilor \u03b1 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Macula utricular\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Con\u021bine celule senzoriale \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu dendrite ale protoneuronilor din nucleii vestibulari ", + "2. Detecteaz\u0103 viteza de deplasare a capului \u0219i a corpului ", + "3. Con\u021bine otolite, mai dense dec\u00e2t perilimfa din jurul lor, care stimuleaz\u0103 celulele senzoriale ", + "4. Informeaz\u0103 despre pozi\u021bia capului \u00een raport cu for\u021ba gravi ta\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i accelera\u021bia liniar\u0103 orizontal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Pragul de excitabilitate gustativ\u0103 este diferit pentru fiecare substan\u021b\u0103 ", + "2. Intensitatea senza\u021biei gustative variaz\u0103 invers propor\u021bional cu concentra\u021bia ", + "3. La ac\u021biunea \u00eendelungat\u0103 a unui excitant apare fenomenul de adaptare ", + "4. Cea mai mare sensibilitate se manifest\u0103 pentru substan\u021bele dulci " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fiziologia analizatorului vestibular :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Canalul semicircular lateral informeaz\u0103 asupra m i\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een jurul axului vertical ", + "2. C\u00e2nd capul sufer\u0103 acceler\u0103ri liniare, are loc o deplasarea iner\u021bial\u0103 a otolitelor, \u00een acela\u0219i sens ", + "3. Canalele anterior \u0219i posterior informeaz\u0103 asupra mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een jurul axelor orizontale ", + "4. C\u00e2nd capul st\u0103 nemi\u0219cat, \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103, \u00eenceteaz\u0103 desc\u0103rcarea de impulsuri c\u0103tre centrii nervo\u0219i " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Despre analizatorul gustativ este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Aria gustativ\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a girusului postcentral ", + "2. Celulele senzoriale tr\u0103iesc 1-2 luni, fiind apoi \u00eenlocuite pe baza celulelor bazale ", + "3. Papilele caliciforme sunt dispuse pe marginile posterolaterale ale limbii ", + "4. Depolarizarea celulelor ciliate se produce \u0219i la contactul lor cu glutamatul de sodiu " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Intensitatea senza\u021biei olfactive depin de de:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Umiditatea mucoasei olfactive ", + "2. Gradul de solubilitate a substan\u021belor volatile ", + "3. V\u00e2rsta \u0219i starea fiziologic\u0103 a organismului ", + "4. Concentra\u021bia substan\u021belor odorante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel ul pielii , hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Hiperpigmentarea cutanat\u0103 \u00een boala Addison - MSH \u0219i ACTH, \u00een exces ", + "2. Piloerec\u021bi e \u0219i dilata\u021bia vaselor \u2013 adrenalina \u0219i noradrenalina ", + "3. Asigur\u0103 hidratarea \u0219i activitatea secretorie normal\u0103 - tiroxina ", + "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 lipaza din celulele adipoase \u2013 hormonul celulelor \u03b2 insulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel renal:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Vasopresina \u0219i cortizolul \u2013 scad permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 ", + "2. Cortizolul \u0219i ti roxina \u2013 cresc excre\u021bia de azot \u0219i diureza ", + "3. Glucocorticoizii \u2013 scad filtrarea glomerular\u0103 ", + "4. Aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul \u2013 cresc elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivel muscular:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Degradarea moleculelor de glucoz\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de insulin\u0103 ", + "2. Moleculele unei hexoze sunt polimerizate sub ac\u021biunea glucagonului ", + "3. Degradarea proteinelor este intensificat\u0103 de cortizol \u0219i tiroxin\u0103 ", + "4. Transportul de glucoz\u0103 \u0219i de aminoacizi este inhibat de somatotrop " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen doze mari:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Vasopresina produce hiperglicemie ", + "2. Hormonul antidiure tic cre\u0219te presiunea arterial\u0103 ", + "3. ADH stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul intestinal ", + "4. Aldosteronul determin\u0103 acidoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Hiperpigmentare cutanat\u0103, indus\u0103 de hipersecre\u021bia a doi hormoni cu precursor comun ", + "2. Deshidratare consecutiv\u0103 cre\u0219t erii reabsorb\u021biei de Na+ \u0219i Cl- \u0219i astenie muscular\u0103 ", + "3. Tulbur\u0103ri gastrointestinale (inapeten\u021b\u0103, anorexie, grea\u021b\u0103, diaree etc.) ", + "4. Hipotensiune arterial\u0103, hipoglic emie, oboseal\u0103 trec\u0103toare, decolorarea p\u0103rului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor sistemului paracrin :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Histamina particip\u0103 la reac\u021biile imunitare ", + "2. Prostaglandinele moduleaz\u0103 activitatea celular\u0103 ", + "3. Angiotensina produce contrac\u021bia arteriolelor ", + "4. Colecistokinina determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia sfincterului Oddi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Pompa de Na +- K+:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Reprezint\u0103 un canal ionic, cu structur\u0103 proteic\u0103, pr in care ionii de Na + \u0219i K + sunt transporta\u021bi activ ", + "B. Influen\u021beaz\u0103, prin activitatea ei, cotransportul \u0219i e xcitabilitatea celulelor nervoase \u0219i musculare ", + "C. Intervine \u00een generarea poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune, asi gur\u00e2nd influxul de Na + \u0219i efluxul de K + ", + "D. Necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP pentru preluarea a 3 K + \u00een celul\u0103 \u0219i eliminarea a 2 Na + din celul\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la poten\u021bialele de ac\u021biune este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Se autopropag\u0103 din aproape \u00een aproape, prin curen\u021bi i lui Hermann, \u00een fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului ", + "B. Variaz\u0103 direct propor\u021bional cu intensitatea stimulul ui, pemi\u021b\u00e2nd suma\u021bia spa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i temporal\u0103 ", + "C. Se propag\u0103 \u00een salturi, cu viteze mari, prin fibrele cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac ", + "D. Prin varia\u021bii ale frecven\u021bei acestora se realizeaz\u0103 discriminarea \u00eentre stimuli de intensit\u0103\u021bi diferite " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Teaca Henle:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Izoleaz\u0103 electric axonii neuronilor din sistemul nerv os periferic ", + "B. Asociaz\u0103 fibrele nervoase \u00eentre ele (endonerv), le pr otejeaz\u0103 \u0219i le asigur\u0103 nutri\u021bia ", + "C. Separ\u0103 plasmalema oligodendrocitei de \u021besutul conjunc tiv din jurul fibrei nervoase ", + "D. Con\u021bine o substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 amorf\u0103 \u0219i fibre conj unctive dispuse \u00een re\u021bea " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele gliale intervin \u00een:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Reciclarea mediatorilor chimici, colectarea K + din lichidul intersti\u021bial, procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", + "B. Producerea de mielin\u0103 pentru axonii neuronilor din ganglionii mezenterici (celulele Schwann) ", + "C. Sinteza \u0219i transferul unor substan\u021be c\u0103tre neuroni: ac id lactic, acid dezoxiribonucleic, ATP ", + "D. Fagocitarea neuronilor (macrogliile) \u0219i sus\u021binerea fi zic\u0103 a neuronilor intranevraxiali (celulele satelite ) " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen sistemul nervos central exist\u0103 neuroni care:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Reprezint\u0103 originea fasciculului cuneat, \u00eencep\u00e2nd c u m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", + "B. Trimit axoni prin ramurile comunicante albe \u0219i ramur ile comunicante cenu\u015fii ", + "C. Formeaz\u0103 nucleii senzoriali din trunchiul cerebral a i nervilor cranieni I, II, VIII ", + "D. Trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre rinichi prin axoni din structu ra nervilor splanhnic mic \u0219i pneumogastric " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Prelungirile celulipete ale neuronilor ganglionari de pe traseul unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti pot realiz a sinapse cu:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Celulele ciliate situate pe membrana bazilar\u0103 a melc ului membranos ", + "B. Celulele receptoare ale mugurilor gustativi pozi\u021bion a\u021bi \u00een mucoasa epiglotic\u0103 ", + "C. Celulele cu kinocil \u0219i stereocili ale maculelor otol itice utricular\u0103 \u0219i sacular\u0103 ", + "D. Celule bipolare din tunica intern\u0103 a globului ocula r " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul extrapiramidal cu origine \u00een nucleul ro\u0219 u:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Descarc\u0103 impulsuri pe motoneuronii gamma medulari ", + "B. Se pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een afara piramidelor bulbare \u00een tra seul lui spre cerebel ", + "C. Are traiect direct prin cordoanele medulare anterio are ", + "D. Conduce impulsuri care stimuleaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor extensori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru men\u021binerea \u00eenchis\u0103 a ochiului st\u00e2ng particip \u0103 fibre somatomotorii:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Din ramura oftalmic\u0103 a nervului trigemen destinate m u\u0219chilor mimicii ", + "B. Care apar\u021bin nervului oculomotor st\u00e2ng ", + "C. Din ramura nervului V care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii implica \u021bi \u00een expresivitatea fe\u021bei ", + "D. Din nucleul somatomotor al nervului facial st\u00e2ng " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Prin stimularea SNV simpatic, se ob\u021bin urm\u0103toarele efecte:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Intensificarea secre\u021biei glandelor anexe ale tubului digestiv ", + "B. Inhibarea secre\u021biei zonei cu origine ectodermic\u0103 a su prarenalei ", + "C. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei salivare v\u00e2scoase \u0219i sc\u0103derea con\u021binu tului enzimatic al acesteia ", + "D. Sc\u0103derea debitului urinar \u0219i relaxarea mu\u0219chiului det rusor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen piele se g\u0103sesc corpusculii:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Vater \u2013 Pacini, situa\u021bi \u00een \u021besutul subcutanat, cu ada ptare par\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i lent\u0103 ", + "B. Golgi-Mazzoni, varietate a corpusculilor Ruffini, lo caliza\u021bi \u00een hipodermul degetelor ", + "C. Krause, stimula\u021bi de presiuni slabe, vibra\u021bii cu frecv en\u021b\u0103 mare \u0219i temperaturi sc\u0103zute ", + "D. Meissner, localiza\u021bi \u00een hipodermul papilar, care dete cteaz\u0103 atingeri puternice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea fibrelor anulospirale \u015fi \u00een floare/\u00een bu chet:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Este urmat\u0103 de relaxarea fibrelor musculare extrafusal e ", + "B. Determin\u0103 activarea motoneuronilor gamma din cordoa nele anterioare ", + "C. Asigur\u0103 men\u0163inerea unei st\u0103ri de tensiune permanente \u00ee n mu\u0219chi ", + "D. Contribuie la formarea senza\u0163iei de echilibru \u00een lob ul frontal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Deriva\u021bi din acizii arahidonici exercit\u0103 un efect g eneralizat la nivelul organismului ", + "B. Peptidici includ ocitocina, gastrina, prostaglandinel e ", + "C. Steroizi, cum este estradiolul, difuzeaz\u0103 prin membr anele celulelor-\u021bint\u0103 ", + "D. Secreta\u021bi de timus includ un num\u0103r mare de amine, c a vasotocina " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Melatonina:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Exercit\u0103 efecte inhibitoare asupra eliber\u0103rii hormon ilor FSH \u0219i LTH ", + "B. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra axului hipotalamo-hipofizo-medulosu prarenalian ", + "C. Atinge nivelul maxim de secre\u021bie \u00een timpul nop\u021bii ", + "D. Inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a celulelor intersti\u021biale te sticulare Leydig " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Glucagonul:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Scade secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219te secre\u021bia gastric\u0103, \u00eent r-o secre\u021bie normal\u0103 a celulelor \u03b1 ", + "B. Se leag\u0103 de receptorii specifici \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin A MPc asupra celulelor - \u021bint\u0103 ", + "C. Cre\u0219te glicemia, prin stimularea glicogenolizei musc ulare ", + "D. Are secre\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hormonul secretat de celule le delta insulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Insulina:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Scade captarea aminoacizilor \u00een celule capabile de contrac\u021bie ", + "B. Are efect stimulator asupra gluconeogenezei \u00een celul e binucleate ", + "C. Cre\u0219te transportul de glucoz\u0103 c\u0103tre celulele cu nucle u periferic din hipoderm ", + "D. Inhib\u0103 oxidarea glucozei \u00een celule cu numero\u0219i nucle i periferici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii steroizi:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu receptorii din membrana celul elor \u021bint\u0103 ", + "B. Sunt secreta\u021bi de c\u0103tre gonade \u0219i glandele cortico suprarenale ", + "C. Traverseaz\u0103 membranele celulare activ, prin difuz iune facilitat\u0103 ", + "D. Sunt sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol \u0219i fosfolipide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii neuronilor din coarnele posterioare medu lare pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Somatomotori din coarnele anterioare ", + "B. Din nucleul din\u021bat al cerebelului ", + "C. Somatosenzitivi din ganglionul spinal ", + "D. Din nucleii gracilis \u0219i cuneat din bulbul rahidian " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Eferen\u021bele cerebelului se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Nucleul fastigial - fasciculul cerebelofastigial ", + "B. Nucleul ro\u0219u - fasciculul dentorubric ", + "C. Nucleii vestibulari - fasciculul vestibulocerebelo s ", + "D. M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii - fasciculul spinocerebelos " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen puntea lui Varolio sunt situa\u021bi urm\u0103torii nu clei motori:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Care controleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile limbii \u00een degluti\u021bie ", + "B. De origine pentru fibre ce inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii mimi cii \u0219i mu\u0219chii masticatori ", + "C. De origine pentru fibre care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chiul o blic superior ", + "D. Salivatori pentru secre\u021bia glandelor salivare par otide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fibra simpatic\u0103 preganglionar\u0103 este adev \u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Formeaz\u0103 ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie a nervului spi nal ", + "B. Formeaz\u0103 nervii splanhnici \u0219i pelvieni ", + "C. Poate face sinaps\u0103 \u00een ganglioni prevertebrali ", + "D. P\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii prin ramura anterioar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind nervul pn eumogastric:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Fibrele visceromotorii reprezint\u0103 calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului cardioinhibitor ", + "B. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice si intestin ale ", + "C. Fibrele viscerosenzitive se distribuie la interoce ptorii din viscere \u0219i vasele epidermului ", + "D. Produce bronhoconstric\u021bie \u0219i relaxarea sfincterulu i vezical intern " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii de hiperglicemie au loc urm\u0103toarele fenomene:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Glicogenogenez\u0103 hepatic\u0103 \u0219i muscular\u0103 ", + "B. Gluconeogenez\u0103 \u00een ficat \u0219i mu\u0219chi ", + "C. Activarea sintezei de trigliceride \u00een \u021besutul muscu lar ", + "D. Cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a glucozei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la calea vestibular\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c \u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Nucleul care con\u021bine deutoneuronul reprezint\u0103 or iginea unor fascicule extrapiramidale ", + "B. Axonii protoneuronului sunt \u00een contact cu celule le senzoriale din macul\u0103 ", + "C. Nucleii vestibulari sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu nucleii de termina\u021bie ai nervilor cranieni III, IV \u0219i VI ", + "D. Prin fasciculul vestibulocerebelos transmite impulsu ri spre neocerebel " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali drep\u021bi:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Primesc ca aferen\u021be fibrele tractului optic st\u00e2ng ", + "B. Eferen\u021bele lor se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre ariile vizuale st\u00e2 ngi ", + "C. Prezint\u0103 sinapse cu axonii neuronilor multipolari din c\u00e2mpul nazal al retinei st\u00e2ngi ", + "D. Reprezint\u0103 centrii nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe de ori entare vizual\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cortizolul poate produce urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/ef ecte:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Iritabilitate \u0219i sc\u0103derea capacit\u0103\u021bii de concentra re ", + "B. Sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor urinare de azot ", + "C. Hipoglicemie prin gluconeogenez\u0103 din aminoacizi ", + "D. Stimularea sintezei trigliceridelor \u00een \u021besutul adi pos " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chii circulari ai irisului:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt stimula\u021bi prin impulsuri din nucleul nervului accesor ", + "B. Influen\u021beaz\u0103 puterea de refrac\u021bie a cristalinulu i ", + "C. Se relaxeaz\u0103 la \u00eentuneric \u0219i se contract\u0103 la lumin \u0103 ", + "D. Produc mioz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba adrenalinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre limb\u0103 sunt adev\u0103ra te:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Inerva\u021bia motorie este realizat\u0103 de fibre cu orig inea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", + "B. Este acoperit\u0103 de un epiteliu pluristratificat pav imentos necheratinizat ", + "C. Con\u021bine muguri gustativi grupa\u021bi \u00een papile circum valate la v\u00e2rful limbii ", + "D. Este inervat\u0103 senzorial de fibre cu originea \u00een co rpul geniculat de pe traseul nervului VII " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Inerva\u021bia mu\u0219chiului striat are urm\u0103toarele car acteristici:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Axonii neuronilor somatomotori se termin\u0103 la nive lul miofibrilelor ", + "B. Cea senzitiv\u0103 poate fi realizat\u0103 prin dendrite a le neuronilor din ganglionul Gasser ", + "C. Cea motorie a fibrelor extrafusale se realizeaz\u0103 prin axonii motoneuronilor gamma ", + "D. Dendritele distribuite fibrelor cu sac nuclear sunt sub\u021biri \u0219i au vitez\u0103 mic\u0103 de conducere " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre parametrii excitab ilit\u0103\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Reobaza reprezint\u0103 intensitatea prag a unui stimul electric ", + "B. Timpul util este timpul maxim necesar ac\u021biunii unu i stimul prag pentru a produce un PA ", + "C. Cronaxia este intensitatea minim\u0103 a curentului ele ctric pentru a produce depolarizarea ", + "D. Brusche\u021bea reprezint\u0103 r\u0103spunsul la un anumit num\u0103r de stimuli pe unitatea de timp " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Depinde de anionii de Cl - nedifuzibili localiza\u021bi intracelular ", + "B. Anionii proteici pot traversa canalele membranare \u0219i ajung \u00een spa\u021biul extracelular ", + "C. Canalele ionice voltaj - dependente pentru Na + sunt \u00eenchise ", + "D. Canalele ionice voltaj-dependente pentru K+ sunt deschise " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la placa motorie este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Include o component\u0103 nervoas\u0103 \u0219i alta muscular\u0103, cone ctate prin desmozomi ", + "2. Caracterizeaz\u0103 exclusiv fibrele musculare extrafusale ", + "3. Butonul terminal con\u021bine vezicule cu adrenalin\u0103, ia r sarcolema prezint\u0103 receptori pentru acest mediator ", + "4. La nivelul membranei postsinaptice, se genereaz\u0103 ini\u021bi al un poten\u021bial care nu se supune legii \u201dtot sau nimic\u201d " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ poate inc lude:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionii juxtaviscerali anex a\u021bi nervilor cranieni III, VII, IX \u0219i X ", + "2. Fibre ce conduc impulsuri celulipet \u015fi celulifug cu v itez\u0103 de 100-120 m/s ", + "3. Dendritele \u0219i axonii neuronilor viscerosenzitivi din j um\u0103tatea ventral\u0103 a cornului lateral ", + "4. Dendrite ce conduc impulsuri de la chemoreceptori p rezen\u0163i la nivelul unor vase de s\u00e2nge " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Ramura mandibular\u0103 trigeminal\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Conduce sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 din partea ante rioar\u0103 a limbii ", + "2. Inerveaz\u0103 gingia \u0219i din\u021bii \u00eenfip\u021bi \u00een alveolele dent are mandibulare ", + "3. Conduce sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 a mu\u0219chilor ma sticatori ", + "4. Inerveaz\u0103 motor mu\u0219chii tensori al v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i al timpanului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii parasimpaticului:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale \u0219i ale m ucoasei nazale ", + "2. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor circulari ciliari, cu producere a miozei ", + "3. Sc\u0103derea conductibilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul miocardului ", + "4. Bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i coronarodilata\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Prime\u0219te fibre somatomotorii de la nervul accesor ", + "2. Particip\u0103 la inerva\u021bia zonelor reflexogene cardiova sculare ", + "3. Conduce impulsuri c\u0103tre mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i eso fagului ", + "4. Inerveaz\u0103 vegetativ musculatura bron\u0219ic\u0103 \u0219i cardiac\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Arcul reflexului pupilodilatator prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Receptori reprezenta\u021bi de celule nervoase bipolare m odificate, excitabile ", + "2. Centrul nervos localizat \u00een coarnele anterioare med ulare, \u00eentre C 8 \u0219i T 2 ", + "3. Un ganglion intramural pe calea eferent\u0103 \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice ", + "4. Efectori reprezenta\u021bi de fibre musculare multiunita re, cu dispozi\u021bie radiar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele \u03b1 pancreatice:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Favorizeaz\u0103 depozitarea glucozei sub form\u0103 de glicog en ", + "2. Cre\u0219te transportul de glucoz\u0103 c\u0103tre celula muscular\u0103 ", + "3. Favorizeaz\u0103 oxidarea celular\u0103 a glucozei ", + "4. Intensific\u0103 procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii glucocorticoizii:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Exercit\u0103 efecte antistres \u0219i inflamatorii prin supresia sistemului imun ", + "2. Intensific\u0103 catabolismul proteic \u00een celulele muscular e \u0219i hepatice ", + "3. Scad absorb\u021bia lipidelor \u0219i transformarea lor \u00een gluco z\u0103, prin gluconeogenez\u0103 ", + "4. Scad permeabilitatea tubilor contor\u021bi distali pentru ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la disfunc\u021biile endocrine, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Hiposecre\u021bia hipofizar\u0103, instalat\u0103 la adult, determi n\u0103 atrofia organelor interne ", + "2. Hiperfunc\u021bia tiroidian\u0103, la copil, se soldeaz\u0103 cu \u00eenc etinirea dezvolt\u0103rii encefalului ", + "3. Hiposecre\u021bia tiroidian\u0103 determin\u0103 infiltrarea \u021besutu rilor cu ap\u0103, electroli\u021bi, mucoproteine ", + "4. Hipersecre\u021bia paratiroidian\u0103, la copil, produce sl\u0103bi ciune muscular\u0103 \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rziere mintal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Depigmentare cutanat\u0103, prin hiposecre\u021bie de ACTH \u0219i p osibil de MSH ", + "2. Cre\u0219terea masei s\u00e2ngelui circulant, hipertensiune ", + "3. Dezechilibre ale balan\u021bei sodiului \u0219i potasiului: cre \u0219te natremia \u0219i scade potasemia ", + "4. Sc\u0103derea rezisten\u021bei la infec\u021bii, astenie marcat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la glandele endocrine, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103 celule produc\u0103toare de hormoni sterolici ( cortexul suprarenalian) ", + "2. Intervin \u00een sinteza \u0219i distribu\u021bia granulelor de mela nin\u0103 (epifiza) ", + "3. Realizeaz\u0103 depozitarea extracelular\u0103 a produ\u0219ilor de secre\u021bie (tiroida) ", + "4. Exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni facilitatoare asupra dezvolt\u0103rii go nadelor (timusul) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 poate fi condus\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Axoni lungi ai protoneuronilor ce fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een substa n\u021ba cenu\u0219ie bulbar\u0103 ", + "2. Fibre ce pornesc din nucleii talamici c\u0103tre ariile s omestezice ", + "3. Axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai deutoneuronilor din substan\u021ba cen u\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", + "4. Lemniscul medial, ce continu\u0103 fasciculele spinotalamic e gracilis \u0219i cuneat " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul reticulat ascendent activator:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Include o cale multineuronal\u0103, polisinaptic\u0103 cu vite z\u0103 lent\u0103 de conducere ", + "2. Prime\u0219te aferen\u021be de la segmentele intermediare ale a nalizatorilor ", + "3. \u00ce\u0219i men\u021bine starea de excitabilitate prin circuitul c ortico-reticulo-cortical ", + "4. Este inhibat de substan\u021be secretate de neuroni postgan glionari simpatici " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele senzoriale gustative:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Prezint\u0103, \u00een regiunea apical\u0103, receptori membranari care detecteaz\u0103 substan\u021bele sapide ", + "2. Se regenereaz\u0103 pe seama celulelor bazale \u0219i sunt \u00eenso\u021bi te de celule de sus\u021binere ", + "3. Genereaz\u0103 un poten\u021bial de receptor, \u00een urma deschide rii canalelor \u0219i cre\u0219terii influxului de Na + ", + "4. Au praguri de excitabilitate diferite, cel mai sc\u0103zu t prag fiind pentru gustul dulce " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la mecanismul fotoreceptor de la nivelul celulelor cu bastona\u0219 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Energia unei singure cuante de lumin\u0103 poate descompun e scotopsina \u00een retinen \u0219i opsina caracteristic\u0103 ", + "2. Sub influen\u021ba luminii, trans-retinalul se transform\u0103 \u00een cis-retinal, iar opsina r\u0103m\u00e2ne nemodificat\u0103 ", + "3. Descompunerea pigmentului vizual din citoplasma baston a\u0219elor determin\u0103 modific\u0103ri ale permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranare ", + "4. Modificarea conductan\u021bei ionice determin\u0103 apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de receptor la nivelul fotoreceptorul ui " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre corpusculii Vater-Paci ni sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Au rol de proprioceptori sensibili la mi\u0219c\u0103ri rapide , vibra\u021bii, modific\u0103ri de presiune ", + "2. Sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een capsule articulare, ligamente, pe riost ", + "3. Au rol de exteroceptori sensibili la deformarea \u0219i \u00een tinderea tegumentului ", + "4. Sunt cei mai mici corpusculi senzitivi, cu localizare hipodermic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii estrogeni sunt:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Secreta\u021bi de foliculii ovarieni \u00een etapa preo vulatorie ", + " 2. Reprezenta\u021bi de estradiol, estriol, estron\u0103 ", + " 3. Sintetiza\u021bi de corpul galben \u00een etapa postovul atorie ", + " 4. Denumi\u021bi \u0219i foliculin\u0103, secre\u021bia lor fiind con trolat\u0103 de FSH " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre ionul de Na +:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Se reabsoarbe activ \u00een tubii distali \u0219i colectori, sub influen\u021ba hormonului antidiuretic ", + "2. Prin reabsorb\u021bie, genereaz\u0103 un gradient osmotic n ecesar reabsorb\u021biei apei ", + "3. Se secret\u0103 activ la nivelul nefonilor prin schimb ionic cu K +, sub influen\u021ba aldosteronului ", + "4. \u00cen repaus este expulzat la exteriorul celulei, pri n pompa Na +-K+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor includ ur m\u0103toarele structuri:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Lemniscul medial, pentru sensibilitatea propriocept iv\u0103 de control al mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "2. Lemniscul trigeminal, pentru sensibilitatea proprio ceptiv\u0103 a capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului ", + "3. Tractul solitar, pentru sensibilitatea olfactiv\u0103 ", + "4. Lemniscul lateral, pentru sensibilitatea auditiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Preciza\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate privind compone ntele ochiului:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Corneea este transparent\u0103, avascular\u0103, cu numeroase termina\u021bii nervoase ", + "2. Corpul ciliar are raport posterior cu ora serrata ", + "3. Irisul apar\u021bine tunicii medii \u0219i delimiteaz\u0103 poster ior camera anterioar\u0103 ", + "4. Sclerotica este o membran\u0103 elastic\u0103, alb-sidefie \u0219i opa c\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Labirintul membranos con\u021bine urm\u0103toarele elemen te structurale:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Membrana vestibular\u0103 Reissner, care separ\u0103 melcul m embranos de rampa vestibular\u0103 ", + "2. Canalul cohlear, ce con\u021bine organul Corti cu pro toneuronul c\u0103ii auditive ", + "3. Membrana bazilar\u0103, aflat\u0103 \u00een continuarea lamei sp irale osoase ", + "4. Vestibulul membranos, alc\u0103tuit din utricul\u0103 inferi or \u0219i sacul\u0103 superior " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul membranei celulare:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Glucidele sunt localizate pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103r cate pozitiv ", + "2. Straturile hidrofile ale fosfolipidelor sunt local izate spre citoplasm\u0103 \u0219i spre mediul extracelular ", + "3. Por\u021biunea hidrofob\u0103 a fosfolipidelor permite pasaj ul liber al ionilor ", + "4. Proteinele \u0219i colesterolul pot fi scufundate \u00een str aturile de fosfolipide " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapsele chimice prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele propriet \u0103\u021bi structurale:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Componenta presinaptic\u0103 este butonul terminal al u nui axon ", + "2. Impulsul nervos este condus unidirec\u021bional ", + "3. Componenta postsinaptic\u0103 poate fi neurilema sau sar colema ", + "4. Impulsul nervos este condus bidirec\u021bional " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Asocia\u021bi urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besut epitelial cu localizarea acestora:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Secretor, cu organizare \u00een cordoane \u2013 \u00een zona pe riferic\u0103 a CSR ", + "2. Senzorial \u2013 \u00een epiteliul gustativ, auditiv, tegum entar \u0219i vestibular ", + "3. Pseudostratificat \u2013 \u00een mucoasa bronhiolelor ", + "4. Cilindric unistratificat cu microvili - \u00een mucoas a intestinului sub\u021bire " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul corticospinal anterior:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Are origine \u00een arii motorii corticale \u0219i subcorticale ", + "2. Se termin\u0103 \u00een cordoanele anterioare, pe neuronii som atomotori ", + "3. Se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een bulb, la nivelul decusa\u021biei piram idale ", + "4. Are traseu direct prin cordonul medular anterior " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii simpatice:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Relaxarea sfincterului anal \u0219i vezical intern ", + "2. Stimularea lipolizei \u0219i inhibarea glicogenolizei hep atice ", + "3. Dilatarea vaselor sanguine din corpii caverno\u0219i ", + "4. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor netezi ai canalelor deferente " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt vezicule delimitate de membrane duble ", + "2. Asigur\u0103 digestia intracelular\u0103 a proteinelor, glucide lor, lipidelor ", + "3. Se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een macrofage \u0219i \u00een osteoblaste ", + "4. Sus\u021bin rolul fagocitar al unor tipuri de nevroglii \u0219ial unor elemente figurate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Glucorticoizii determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de HCl \u0219i pepsinogen ", + "2. Modific\u0103ri ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la stimuli olfactivi \u0219i g ustativi ", + "3. Cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de plachete sanguine ", + "4. Modific\u0103ri EEG \u0219i stimularea SRAA " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii somatomotori ai nervilor cranieni din mezen cefal:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Primesc aferen\u021be de la nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", + "2. Trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre 10 mu\u0219chi extrinseci oculari ", + "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la neocortexul motor ", + "4. Trimit eferen\u021be la mu\u0219chii irisului \u0219i ai corpului cil iar " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune :", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Prezint\u0103 acela\u0219i mecanism de producere \u00een toate celulele excitabile ale organismului uman ", + "B. Presupune eflux de K+ prin canale speciale care se deschid \u00een absen\u021ba stimulului, \u00een timpul repolariz\u0103rii ", + "C. Implic\u0103 deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru Na+, de-a lungul pantei descendente ", + "D. Poate avea valori inferioare \u00een celulele unor viscere cu activitate spontan\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de neuronii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre c\u0103ile de conducere ale sistemului nervos central este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Fasciculele ascendente au or iginea doar \u00een ganglioni sau \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", + "B. Pot fi nespecifice ( din substan\u021ba reticulat\u0103 metatalamic\u0103) sau specifice fiec\u0103rui tip de sensibilitate ", + "C. Toate fasciculele descendente au deutoneuronul la nivelul cornului anterior medular ", + "D. Cele extrapiramidale trec \u00een afara pirami delor bulbare, \u00een traie ctul lor descendent spre m\u0103duv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul rubrospinal:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Apar\u021bine c\u0103ilor descendente care controleaz\u0103 motilit atea voluntar \u0103 ", + "B. Are originea \u00een nuclei situa\u021bi \u00een etajul pedunculilor cerebrali ", + "C. Prezint\u0103 traiect direct p\u00e2n\u0103 la motoneuronii din coarnele anterioare medulare ", + "D. Controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii extensori " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionii juxtaviscerali:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt punct de plecare pentru fibre postganglionare lungi \u0219i amielinice ", + "B. Sunt ganglioni terminali \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse noncolinergice ", + "C. Reprezint\u0103 un grup de corpi neuronali localiza\u021bi \u00een apropierea unor efectori ", + "D. Sunt punct de plecare pentru fibr ele care formeaz\u0103 nervii pelvici " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii glosofaringieni con\u021bin fibre :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Somatosenzitive, care inerveaz\u0103 mucoasa amigdalei palatine ", + "B. Visceromotorii, care se distribuie \u00een zonele reflexogene cardiovasculare ", + "C. Senzoriale, care deservesc acela\u0219i tip de papile ca \u0219i nervul V ", + "D. Somatomotorii, care determin\u0103 ridicarea v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i laringelui " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre sistemul limbic este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Are forma unui arc de cerc dispus \u00een jurul diencefalului , pe fa\u021ba lateral\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 conexiuni \u00eentinse cu unii nuclei metatalamici ", + "C. Intervine \u00een func\u021bia de recompens\u0103 -pedeaps\u0103, pe baza c\u0103reia se elaboreaz\u0103 motiva\u021bii interne ", + "D. Include hipocampul \u0219i girusul angular (aria 39 Brodman) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Lezarea ariei somestezice I din emisfera dominant\u0103 la dreptaci are ca efect :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Imposibilitatea recunoa\u0219terii apartenen\u021bei la propriul corp a jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bii contralaterale ", + "B. Dispari\u021bia sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice deservite de fasiculele cordonului medular posterior st\u00e2ng ", + "C. Pierderea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii de control a mi\u0219c\u0103rii din jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 a corpului ", + "D. Dispari\u021bia senza\u021biilor tactile epicritice pentru jum\u0103tatea contralateral\u0103 a corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile aferente ale reflexelor presoare cardiovasculare au originea \u00een ganglioni :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Senzitivi anexa\u021bi nervului glosofaringian ", + "B. Paravertebrali cervico -dorsali ", + "C. Cu neuroni pseudounipolari din zona toracal\u0103 ", + "D. Extranevraxiali ata\u0219a\u021bi nervului vag " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul pneumogastric \u0219i glosofaringian prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Prezint\u0103 fibre somatosenzitive implicate \u00een perceperea gustului ", + "B. Pot fi conecta\u021bi cu baroreceptori din sistemul aortic ", + "C. Au fibre preganglionare care descarc\u0103 acetilcolin\u0103 \u00eentr -un ganglion previsceral ", + "D. Con\u021bin fibre ce str\u0103bat \u00een mod descendent diafragma " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice sunt inervate de ramura oftalmic\u0103 a nervului trigemen:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Tegumentul pleoapei superioare , tegumentul regiunii malare, conjunctiva ", + "B. Mucoasa nazal\u0103 \u0219i a sinusurilor, tegumentul regi unii frontale ", + "C. Corneea, tegumentul pleoapei inferioare, palatul moale, glandele lacrimale ", + "D. Conjunctiva, t egumentul regiunii temporale \u0219i al pavilionului urechii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor tactile:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Originea f asciculel or ce deservesc aceste sensibilit\u0103\u021bi la nivelul cornul ui posterior medular ", + "B. Dispunerea lateral\u0103 a fasciculelor de proiec\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculele descendente , la nivel medular ", + "C. Originea la nivelul unor mecanoreceptori de la care conduc impulsuri c\u0103tre lobul parietal ", + "D. Localizarea protoneuronului de tip pseudounipolar \u00een ganglionul de pe ramura dorsal\u0103 spinal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Reflexul de \u00eenghi\u021bire este cel mai probabil afectat \u00een cazul unei leziuni de la nivelul:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Structurii a natomice unde decuseaz\u0103 calea piramidal\u0103 ", + "B. Segme ntului medular unde se afl\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103 cina unui nerv cranian motor ", + "C. Regiunii unde se afl\u0103 originea real\u0103 a nervului facial ", + "D. Structura nervoas\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 sediul comportamentelor instincti ve " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Cu privire la segmentele analizatorului vizual este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Stratul retinian al fibrelor optice se \u00eenvecineaz\u0103 cu m embrana limitant\u0103 extern\u0103 ", + "B. Nervul optic emite colaterale c\u0103tre coliculii superiori pentru reflexele oculocefalogire ", + "C. Tractul optic st\u00e2ng deserve\u0219te partea dreapt\u0103 a c\u00e2mpului vizual monocular st\u00e2ng ", + "D. Corpii genicula\u021bi externi emit radia\u021bii optice care ajung pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103 a lobilor occipital i " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre receptorii analizatorului kinestezic:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. TNL-urile din capsula articular\u0103 recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 stimuli durero\u0219i , modific\u0103ri de presiune \u0219i vibra\u021bii ", + "B. Corpusculii Golgi includ fibre nervoase mielinice care se demielinizeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 ie\u0219irea din tendon ", + "C. Corpu culii Pacini sunt stimula\u021bi de varia\u021bii de pozi \u021bie \u0219i de mi\u0219care a oaselor \u00een cadrul articula\u021biei ", + "D. Fusurile neuromusculare sunt receptori ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii proprioceptive de reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind afec\u021biunile analizatorilor:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Trahomul este o boal\u0103 contagioas\u0103, care netratat\u0103 poate duce la orbire ", + "B. Foliculita se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin inflama\u021bia purulent\u0103 a foliculului pilosebaceu ", + "C. Stafilococii \u00df-hemolitici determi n\u0103 apari\u021bia granulomului piogen ", + "D. Corizele sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de secre\u021bii mucopurulente \u0219i de diminuarea mirosului \u0219i auzului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. Suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor este direct propor\u021bional\u0103 cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune ", + "B. Receptorii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii epicritice au c\u00e2mpul receptor mai mic fa\u021b\u0103 de cei ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice ", + "C. Stratul reticular al dermului con\u021bine fibre reticulare \u0219i fibre elastice, grupate \u00een fascicule groase ", + "D. Epidermul este un epiteliu pluristratificat keratinizat hr\u0103nit prin osmoz\u0103 din lichidul intracelular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mecanismul recep\u021biei auditive se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Celulele care delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 e nergia mecanic\u0103 a sunetelor ", + "B. Depolarizarea celulelor senzoriale auditive scade frecven\u021ba poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune ", + "C. Cilii auditivi sufer\u0103 deform\u0103ri mecanice la contactul cu membrana tectoria ", + "D. Mijlocul membranei bazilare rezoneaz\u0103 la sunete cu frecven\u021be medii (7 000 - 15000 c/s) " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sensibilitatea durer oas\u0103 a tegumentului fe\u021bei este transmis\u0103 c\u0103tre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Fasciculul spinotalamic lateral care are traiect prin cordonul lateral medular de partea opus\u0103 ", + "B. Lemniscul trigeminal cu origini \u00een diferi\u021bi nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. Fibre senzitive cu origine \u00een ganglionul situat pe fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii temporalului ", + "D. Fibre senzitive ale nervului cranian cu origine \u00een ganglionul extranevraxial geniculat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Emisferele cerebrale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Fisura lateral\u0103 Sylvius \u00eencepe pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103, izol\u00e2nd lobul temporal ", + "B. \u0218an\u021bul olfactiv se afl\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 \u0219i ad\u0103poste\u0219te bulbul olfactiv ", + "C. Ventriculii laterali I \u0219i II comunic\u0103 \u00eentre ei prin orificii interventriculare ", + "D. Girul hipocampic se afl\u0103 pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103, \u00een lobul temporo -occipital " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u021bia de p rolactin\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Este stimulat\u0103 de sarcin\u0103, de hiperglicemie \u0219i de stresul psihic sau chirurgical ", + "B. Este inhibat\u0103 de dopamina hipotalamic\u0103 \u0219i stimulat\u0103 , temporar , mecanic ", + "C. Controleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia glandei mamare, sensibilizat\u0103 de estrogeni \u0219i androgeni ", + "D. Este controlat\u0103 de neurosecre\u021biile nucleilor supraoptic \u0219i paraventricular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi ac\u021biunile /efectele hormonilor tiroidieni:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Men\u021bin secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o neurosecre\u021bie adenohipofizar\u0103 ", + "B. Activeaz\u0103 lipazele \u0219i mecanismele hepatice care \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 colesterolul din s\u00e2nge ", + "C. Stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul glucidic, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd nivelul plasmatic al glucozei ", + "D. Cresc reten\u021bia de azot, intensific\u00e2nd catabolismul proteinelor plasmatice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Sindromul Cushing \u2013 obezitate, hipotensiune arterial\u0103, hiperglicemie ", + "B. Boala Based ow-Graves \u2013 hipersudora\u021bii, sc\u0103 derea frecven\u021bei cardiace ", + "C. Ca\u0219exia hipofizar\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219terea temperaturii corpului, atrofii ale organelor ", + "D. Boala Recklinghausen \u2013 calcific\u0103ri \u00een organele cu \u021besuturi moi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind ac\u021biunile /efectele metabolice ale hormonilor glucocorticoizi:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Determin\u0103 hiperglicemie prin stimularea la nivel hepatic a gluconeogenezei \u0219i glicogenogenezei ", + "B. Scad permeabilitat ea tubilor distali ai nefronilor pentru ap\u0103, stimul\u00e2nd elimin\u0103rile de ap\u0103 ", + "C. Scad absorb\u021bia lipidelor \u0219i cresc secre\u021bia de acid clorhidric \u0219i pepsinogen ", + "D. Cresc elimin\u0103rile de azot prin stimularea catabolismului proteic \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre timus este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Este un or gan bilobat situat \u00een spatele aortei , cu rol de gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la pubertate ", + "B. Include corpusculii Hassal, care intervin \u00een maturarea func\u021bional\u0103 a timocitelor ", + "C. Are ca unitatea histologic\u0103 lobul timic format dintr -o re\u021bea de limfocite T imature ", + "D. Secret\u0103 timocrescin\u0103 care are ac\u021biune sinergic\u0103 cu a hormonilor sexuali postpuberal " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 ac\u021biuni/ efecte ale mineraloc orticoizilor , pe termen lung :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Gluconeogenez\u0103 la nivel hepatic \u0219i renal ", + "B. Supresia sistemului imun itar ", + "C. Cre\u0219terea volumului plasmatic \u0219i a tensiunii arteriale ", + "D. Reten\u021bi a de ap\u0103 \u0219i potasiu \u00een organism " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni au efect catabolizant pe metabolismul proteic:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. ACTH -ul \u0219i LTH-ul indirect ", + "B. Cortizolul \u0219i hormonii sexosteroizi ", + "C. Adrenalina \u0219i testosteronul ", + "D. Glucagonul \u0219i triiodotironina , la adult " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Conn se poate caracteriza prin:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Sl\u0103biciune muscular\u0103, pigmenta\u021bie bronzat\u0103 ", + "B. Hiponatremie, hiperpotasemie, edeme ", + "C. Cre\u0219terea aciduriei sau a potasuriei ", + "D. Sc\u0103derea reabsorb\u021biei Na+ din urin\u0103 \u0219i saliv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre d iabetul zaharat se poate afirma c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Are manifest\u0103ri comune cu ale diabetului insipid \u00een cazul metabolismului glucidic ", + "B. Poate fi asociat cu hipersecre\u021bia zonei fasciculate a corticosuprarenalei ", + "C. Se manifest\u0103, \u00een forme grave, \u0219i prin cetoacidoz\u0103 (acumulare de corpi cetonici \u0219i cre\u0219terea pH-ului) ", + "D. Poate fi una din manifest\u0103rile glaucomului, cataractei, retinopatiei diabetice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Hipofiza \u0219i tiroida au origine embriologic\u0103 comun\u0103 , deriv\u00e2nd din foi\u021b\u0103 ectodermic\u0103 ", + "B. Activitatea epifizei este dependent\u0103 de propria sa i nerva\u021bie vegetativ\u0103 simpatic\u0103 ", + "C. Secre\u021bia celulelor alfa pancreatice este independent\u0103 de controlul nervos vegetativ ", + "D. Adenohipofiza este controlat\u0103 de nuclei hipotalamici cu rol de integrare simpatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "FSH-ul are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul zonei medulare a ovarului ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 un nivel al secre\u021biei superior nivelului LH-ului, pe toat\u0103 durata fazei foliculare ", + "C. Are secre\u021bia inhibat\u0103 de vasotocin\u0103 \u0219i de prolactin\u0103 ", + "D. Este un hormon gonadotrop de natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ce stimuleaz\u0103 gametogeneza " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Centrozomul:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Este situat \u00een apropierea nucleului ", + "2. Lipse\u0219te \u00een neuron \u0219i enterocit ", + "3. Se manifest\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", + "4. Este alc\u0103tuit din doi centrioli sferici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre excitabilitate putem afirma:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Caracterizeaz\u0103 toate celulele umane ", + "2. Depinde de propriet\u0103\u021bile membranei ", + "3. Asigur\u0103 r\u0103spunsul celulei la stimuli ", + "4. Este o proprietate specific\u0103 celulei nervoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Termenul de \u201eganglion\u201d sau derivatele acestuia desemneaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. O grupare de corpi neuronali situat\u0103 \u00een sistemul nervos periferic ", + "2. Anumite mase de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie care contribuie la constituirea c\u0103ilor extrapiramidale ", + "3. Celulele nervoase care reprezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 a nervului optic ", + "4. Anumite structuri nervoase care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca centri nervo\u0219i extranevraxiali " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Structuri le de la nivelul orbitei primesc inerva\u021bie, direct sau indirect, de la :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Nucleii vestibulari ", + "2. Nucleii visceromotori ai nervilor III, VII ", + "3. Coliculii superiori ", + "4. Nucleii somatomotori III, IV, VI " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Intensitatea senza\u021biilor olfactive:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. Variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i de starea fiziologic\u0103 a organismului ", + "2. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu concentra\u021bia substan\u021bei odorante ", + "3. Depinde de acomodarea mucoasei olfactive \u0219i de umiditatea acesteia ", + "4. Este sc\u0103zut\u0103 dac\u0103 pragul de sensibilitate fa\u021b\u0103 de stimul este ridicat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt direct propor\u021bionale cu intensitatea s timulului care le genereaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Poten\u021bialul de receptor ", + "2. For\u021ba de contrac\u021bie a mu\u0219chiului striat ", + "3. Cantitatea de mediator eliberat\u0103 \u00een fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", + "4. Conducerea influxul nervos \u00eentr -un axon " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la ramurile nervilor spinali:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. Ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie con\u0163ine fibre postganglionare parasimpatice amielinice ", + "2. Ramura meningeal\u0103 con\u021bine fibre nervoase vegetative pentru meningele cerebrale ", + "3. Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 con\u0163ine fibre viscerosenzitive preganglionare mielinice ", + "4. Ramurile ventrale toracale au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 \u0219i formeaz\u0103 nervii intercostali " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "La elaborarea unui reflex condi\u021bionat trebuie s\u0103 se respecte urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. Stimulul absolut s\u0103 \u00eel precead\u0103 pe cel indiferent ", + "2. Instinctul alimentar s\u0103 fie dominant \u00een timpul asocierii stimulilor ", + "3. S\u0103 se realizeze maxim 10 \u0219edin\u021be de repetare ", + "4. Stimulul absolut s\u0103 se asocieze cu cel indiferent " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Reflexul palpebral:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Este un reflex somatic din trunchiul cerebral ", + "2. Const\u0103 \u00een \u00eenchiderea pleoapei la atingerea corneei ", + "3. Are centrul nervos \u00een nucleul motor al facialului ", + "4. Are centrul nervos \u00een c oliculii cvadrigemeni superiori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul Edinger -Westphal reprezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. Originea real\u0103 pentru fibrele visceromotorii care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii radiari ai irisului ", + "2. Un nucleu vegetativ ce apar\u021bine nervului oculomotor ", + "3. Originea real\u0103 pentr u fibre soma tomotorii care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi intrinseci ai globului ocular ", + "4. Centrul nervos al reflexului pupilar fotomotor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 asocieri corecte:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Plex prevertebral \u2013 plexul esofagian ", + "2. Plexul brahial \u2013 ramuri ventrale ale nervilor spinali ", + "3. Plex previsceral \u2013 plexul mezenteric inferior ", + "4. Plex intramur al \u2013 \u00een pere\u021bii tubului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Dac\u0103 este lezat cordonul anterior st\u00e2ng la nivelul m\u0103duvei cervicale:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Dispare sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 la nivelul membrelor superioare ", + "2. Este afectat\u0103 sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 la nivelul membrelor inferioare ", + "3. Sunt afectate \u00een totalitate c omenzile voluntare pornite din emisfera st\u00e2ng\u0103 ", + "4. Dispare sensibilitate a protopatic\u0103 a membrelor superior \u0219i inferior din partea dreapt\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ parasimpatic exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Contrac\u021bia sfincterului cardia ", + "2. Relaxarea veziculelor seminale ", + "3. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter al irisului ", + "4. Relaxarea mu\u0219chiului detrusor ve zical " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Inhibi\u021bia de \u00eent\u00e2rziere :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Este un tip de inhibi\u021bie condi\u021bionat\u0103 ", + "2. Apare \u00een interiorul focarului subcortical activ ", + "3. Este specific\u0103 scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", + "4. Este determinat\u0103 de stimuli din afara focarul ui cortical " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Contrac\u021bia unui mu\u0219chi striat poate fi ini\u021biat\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Stimularea neuronilor alfa din coarnele anterioare medulare ", + "2. \u00centinderea por\u021biunilor periferice a le fibrelor intrafusale anulospirale \u0219i \u00een floare ", + "3. \u00centinderea \u0219i activarea fusurilor neuromuscular e ", + "4. Contrac\u021bia regiunii centrale a fibrelor intrafusale cu sac \u0219i cu lan\u021b nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Acomodarea, \u00een raport cu distan\u021ba la care este privit un obiect , se datoreaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului ", + "2. Mu\u0219chiului ciliar circular ", + "3. Aparatului suspensor al cristalinului ", + "4. Mu\u0219chilor extrinseci oblici interni \u0219i externi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii celulelor mitrale:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Sinapseaz\u0103 cu celule le granulare din bulbul rahidian ", + "2. Se de spart \u0219i o parte trec \u00een tractul contralateral ", + "3. Formeaz\u0103 nervul olfactiv care se termin\u0103 \u00een aria olfactiv\u0103 ", + "4. Pot ajunge \u00een nucleii habenulari unde se \u00eenchid reflexele olfactivo -somatice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "C\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u0219te la o distan\u021b\u0103 mai mare de 6 m:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Cristalinul prezint\u0103 o raz\u0103 de curbur\u0103 crescut\u0103 ", + "2. Ligamentul suspensor este relaxat ", + "3. Puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului scade la valoarea minim\u0103 ", + "4. Tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 scade " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la fiziologia analizatorul ui vestibular:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Receptorii maculari controleaz\u0103 viteza de deplasare a capului \u0219i corpului ", + "2. Crestele ampulare particip\u0103 la men\u021binerea echilibrului \u00een condi\u021biile acceler\u0103rilor liniare ", + "3. Macula sacular\u0103 detecteaz\u0103 accelera\u021bia orizontal\u0103, iar cea utricular\u0103 accelera\u021bia vertical\u0103 ", + "4. Contribuie la reglarea echilibrului al\u0103turi de analizatorii vizual, cutanat \u0219i kinestezic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi func\u021biile receptorilor cutana\u021bi:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Corpusculii Ruffini detecteaz\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mare ", + "2. Corpusculii Meissner detecte az\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 ", + "3. Corpusculii Krause detecteaz\u0103 presiuni slabe ", + "4. Corpusculii Pacini detecteaz\u0103 presiuni \u0219i \u00eentinderi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Despre hipotalamus sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Controleaz\u0103 prin intermediul unor nuclei secre\u021bia adenocitelor ", + "2. Intervine \u00een expu lzia f\u0103tului datorit\u0103 secr e\u021biei nucleului paraventricular ", + "3. Formeaz\u0103 o unitate func\u021bion al\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu sistemul limbic ", + "4. Este implicat \u00een men\u021binerea homeostaziei \u0219i homeotermi ei " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "La adul\u021bi, hipotiroidismul se manifest\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Deficien\u021be de memorie ", + "2. P\u0103r sub\u021bire \u0219i friabil ", + "3. Dureri articulare ", + "4. Edem mucos, piele uscat\u0103 \u0219i cald\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul organelor hematopoietice \u0219i a sistemului imun, glucocorticoizii produc urm\u0103toarele efecte/ac\u021biuni:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Cresc num\u0103rul de limfocite circulante ", + "2. Cresc num\u0103rul de neutrofile \u0219i eritrocite ", + "3. Cresc num\u0103rul de plachete \u0219i bazofile ", + "4. Cresc stab ilitatea membranelor lizozomale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Determin\u0103 glicogenoliz\u0103 at\u00e2t la nivel hepatic c\u00e2t \u0219i la nivel muscular :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Hormonii tiroidieni ", + "2. Glucagonul ", + "3. Glucocorticoizii ", + "4. Adrenalina " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Mineralocorticoizii:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt secreta\u021bi de zona glomerular\u0103 a corticosuprarenalei ", + "2. Au sec re\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune \u0219i hiponatremie ", + "3. Sunt secreta\u021bi de partea glandei suprarenale care are origine mezodermic\u0103 ", + "4. Determin\u0103, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie, absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl- \u0219i HCO 3 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii estrogeni exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte/ac\u021biuni metabolice:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Stimuleaz\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u0219i a sodiului \u00een organism ", + "2. Scad concentra\u021bia glucozei \u00een s\u00e2nge ", + "3. Stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103 \u0219i mineralizarea osoas\u0103 ", + "4. Determin\u0103 apari\u021bia caracterelor sexuale secundare la femeie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Insulina \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 lipogeneza \u00een hepatocite ", + "2. LH \u2013 determin\u0103 ovogeneza la femeie ", + "3. T4, T3 \u2013 cresc frecven\u021ba mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", + "4. Melatonina \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Adrenalina \u0219i acetilcolina :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt substan\u021be active de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 ", + "2. Mediaz\u0103 sinapse neuroefectoare cu fibre netede ", + "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 intranevraxial sau extranevraxial ", + "4. Pot ac\u021biona at\u00e2t ca hormoni c\u00e2t \u0219i ca mediatori chimici " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Adrenalina:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Apar\u021bine catecolaminelor \u0219i moduleaz\u0103 r\u0103spunsul la factorul stresant pe termen scurt ", + "2. Are ac\u021biune calorigen\u0103 determin\u00e2nd cre\u0219terea metabolismului bazal , la fel ca tiroxina ", + "3. Poate fi eliberat\u0103 d in butonii fibrelor simpatice care conduc impulsuri cu vitez\u0103 mic\u0103 ", + "4. Poate ac\u021biona a supra celulelor \u021bint\u0103 prin declan\u0219area sintezei de ARNm \u0219i de proteine " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Vasopresina :", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Poate influen\u021ba activitatea rinichiului, colonului, glandelor salivare \u0219i sudoripare ", + "2. Are secre\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune , hipovolemie, alcool \u0219i durere ", + "3. Men\u021bine volemia \u00een limite normale a l\u0103turi de aldosteron \u0219i hormonii glucocorticoizi ", + "4. Este secretat\u0103 \u0219i eliberat\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge de c\u0103tre celulele pituitice din neurohipofiz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2020" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea optic\u0103:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Conduce impulsuri declan\u0219ate de ac\u021biunea radia\u021biei de 700 nm asupra unor neuroni unipolari ", + "B. Tractul optic se termin\u0103 \u00een lobul occipital, pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", + "C. Neuronii bipolari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni cu celulele fotoreceptoare din stratul intern al retinei ", + "D. Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali sunt structuri mezencefalice, con\u021bin originea radia\u021bii lor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la limb\u0103 :", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Este inervat\u0103 senzorial de nervii VII, IX, XI ", + "B. Papilele filiforme au muguri gustativi pentru percep\u021bia gustului amar ", + "C. Particip\u0103 la degluti\u021bie ", + "D. Este inervat\u0103 senzitiv de nervul hipoglos " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Corpului uman este caracterizat de urmatoarele aspecte :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Corpul uman este alc\u0103tuit din cap, g\u00e2t, torace \u1e63i membre ", + "B. Capul \u00eempreuna cu toracele alc\u0103tuiesc extremitatea cefalic\u0103 ", + "C. Capul este format din cutia cranian\u0103 care ad\u0103poste \u1e63te organele SNC si scheletul fe\u021bei ", + "D. G\u00e2tul prezint\u0103 o regiune posterioar\u0103, nucal\u0103, format\u0103 din elemente somatice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Organitele specifice :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Corpii Nissl sunt echivalen\u021bi ai reticulului endoplasmatic rugos pentru celula nervoas\u0103 ", + "B. Centrozomul este un organit specific ", + "C. Miofibrilele sunt elemente contractile din sarcolema fibrelor musculare ", + "D. Neurofibrilele lipsesc din prelungirile neuronale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este declan\u015fat prin func\u0163ionarea pompei de Na+ - K+, care scoate 3 Na+ \u015fi introduce 2 K+ ", + "B. prezint\u0103 v\u00e2rful pantei ascendente cu valoare negativ\u0103 pentru celula miocardului ventricular ", + "C. prezint\u0103 o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103, care se datoreaz\u0103 ie\u0219irii Na+ din celul\u0103 ", + "D. poate fi generat \u00een zona postsinaptic\u0103 dac\u0103 poten\u0163ialul postsinaptic dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte un " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea SNV pa rasimpatic cranian nu produce:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Bronhoconstric\u0163ie \u0219i stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", + "B. Secre\u021bie de saliv\u0103 mult\u0103 \u015fi apoas\u0103 ", + "C. Contrac\u021bia detrusorului vezical ", + "D. Relaxarea sfincterului piloric " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul spinotalamic lateral :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Are originea \u00een ganglionul spinal ", + "B. Se termin\u0103 \u00een neuronii talamici de partea opus\u0103 originii sale ", + "C. Are originea \u00een cornul posterior al m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii, de aceea\u0219i parte cu cordonul \u00een care se afl\u0103 ", + "D. Se termin\u0103 \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 primar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Reflexul de \u00eentindere este declan\u0219at prin :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Stimularea motoneuronilor \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "B. Stimularea motoneuronilor \u03b3 \u0219i scurtarea capetelor contractile ale fibrelor intrafusale ", + "C. Stimularea fibrelor motorii ale neuronilor din ganglionul spinal ", + "D. Stimularea concomitent\u0103 a neuronilor \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b3 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i propriet\u0103\u0163ile fiziologice ale organitelor celulare comune:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. mitocondriile au enzime hidrolitice care realizeaz\u0103 fosforilarea oxidativ\u0103 la nivelul crestelor ", + "B. corpusculii sferici din hialoplasm\u0103 asigur\u0103 digestia fragmentelor de celule \u015fi \u0163esuturi ", + "C. centrozomul este format din doi centrioli cilidrici, orienta\u0163i perpendicular unul pe cel\u0103lalt ", + "D. dictiozomii reprezint\u0103 un sistem membranar de micro, macrovezicule \u015fi cisterne " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u0162esutul cartilaginos hialin este prezent la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri, cu excep\u0163ia:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. cartilajelor costale \u015fi laringiale ", + "B. cartilajele de articula\u0163ie ", + "C. cartilajele traheale ", + "D. discurile intervertebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele mitrale:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Sunt inhibate de celulele granulare din bulbii olfactivi ", + "B. Axonii lor str\u0103bat lama ciuruit\u0103 a etmoidului ", + "C. Emit axoni care formeaz\u0103 nervul olfactiv \u015fi trimit eferen\u0163e spre paleocortex ", + "D. Trimit colaterale care trec prin hipotalamus spre lobul piriform al sistemului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele descendente care se \u00eencruci\u015feaz\u0103 \u015fi apar\u0163in cordonului lateral sunt:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Fasciculul tectospinal ", + "B. Fasciculul nigrospinal ", + "C. Fasciculul olivospinal ", + "D. Fasciculul rubrospinal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adevarate, cu excep\u021bia :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. Organele sunt formate din grup\u0103ri de celule \u015fi \u0163esuturi ", + "B. Primul nivel de organizare al corpului uman este cel al moleculelor ", + "C. Stomacul se g\u0103se\u015fte la st\u00e2nga ficatului \u015f i cranial fa\u0163\u0103 de colonul transvers ", + "D. Diafragma perineal\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 caudal cavitatea pelvian\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Planurile corpului :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. Cel care trece prin mijlocul corpului (medial), se numeste sagital ", + "B. Cel care este vertical \u015fi trece prin axul sagital se nume\u015fte frontal ", + "C. \u00cempart corpul \u00een p\u0103r\u0163i asimetrice ", + "D. Cel orizontal se mai nume\u015fte al metameriei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u021ba cenusie, localizat\u0103 profund fa\u021b\u0103 de substa\u021ba alb\u0103, cu aspect de coarne \u00een sec\u021biune longitudinal\u0103 ", + "B. comisura alb\u0103 situat\u0103 anterior de comisura cenu \u1e63ie ", + "C. coarne laterale vizibile \u00ee n regiunea lombosacrata ", + "D. importan\u021ba \u00een realizarea reflexelor somatice monosinaptice dar \u1e63i a celor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii so litari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. receptorii gustativi ", + "B. girusul postcentral din lobul parietal ", + "C. nucleii talamici de partea opus\u0103 ", + "D. dendritele neuronilor din ganglionii nervilor VII, IX, X " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Cavitatea abdominal\u0103 este caracterizat\u0103 de urm\u0103toarele aspecte :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Este separat\u0103 de cea pelvian\u0103 prin diafragma perineal\u0103 ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 epigastrul situat superior de regiunea periombilical\u0103 ", + "C. Ad\u0103poste\u015fte colonul descendent \u00een abdomenul lateral drept ", + "D. Con\u0163 ine splina \u00een hipocondrul drept " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Rinita alergic\u0103 peren\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Str\u0103nut, prurit, rinoree \u015fi conjunctivit\u0103 ", + "B. Este cauzat\u0103 de alergeni reprezenta\u0163i de diferite tipuri de polen ", + "C. Este determinat\u0103 de infec\u0163ii virale ", + "D. Congestie nazal\u0103 \u015fi secre\u0163ii nazale purulente " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Canalul vertebral con\u0163ine urm\u0103toarele structuri :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. ramurile dorsal\u0103 \u015fi ventral\u0103 a nervilor spinali ", + "B. r\u0103d\u0103cina posterioar\u0103 cu excep\u0163ia ganglionului spinal ", + "C. m\u0103duva spin\u0103 rii, r\u0103d\u0103cinile nervului spinal \u0219i ganglionului spinal ", + "D. filum terminale prezent de la nivelul vertebrelor toracale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Axul sagital :", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Face parte dint r-un plan orizontal dar nu apar\u021b ine niciunui plan vertical ", + "B. Are un pol ventral numit \u1e63i cranial ", + "C. Str\u0103bate planul frontal ", + "D. Poate s\u0103 fie folosit pentru a preciza pozi\u021bia inimii fa\u021b\u0103 de stern " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt adevar\u0103te urmatoarele afirma\u0163ii :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Regiunile inghinale sunt localizate lateral \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de regiunea periombilical\u0103 ", + "B. Hipocondrul este lateral fa\u0163\u0103 de epigastru \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de abdomenul lateral ", + "C. Epigastrul este pozi\u0163ionat medial \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de hipogastru ", + "D. Hipogastrul este si tuat cranial fa\u0163\u0103 de cavitatea pelvian\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii spinali se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspecte anatomice:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. R\u0103dacina ventral\u0103 este format\u0103 din dendritele si axonii neuronilor somatomotori din coarnele anterioare \u015fi visceromotori preganglionari din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", + "B. R\u0103d\u0103cina dorsal\u0103 prezint\u0103 pe traiectul s\u0103u ganglionul spinal, la nivelul c\u0103reia sunt localiza\u021bi neuroni somatosenzitivi si viscerosenzitivi ", + "C. R\u0103d\u0103cinile nervului spinal ies la exteriorul canalului vertebral apoi se unesc form\u00e2nd trunchiul mixt ", + "D. Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 con\u021bine fibre preganglionare mielinizate cu originea \u00een " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Eferen\u021bele nucleilor motori pontini sunt destinate :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Musculaturii limbii ", + "B. Mu\u0219chilor faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", + "C. Mu\u0219chilor mimicii ", + "D. Mu\u0219chiului ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei superioare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul corticonuclear :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Apar\u021bine c\u0103ilor extrapiramidale cu origine cortical\u0103 ", + "B. Se termin\u0103 pe nucleii vegetativi ai nervilor cranieni ", + "C. Coordoneaz\u0103 motilitatea involuntar\u0103 ", + "D. Conduce influxul nervos la nucleul abducensului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Efectele stimul\u0103rii SNV asupra diferitelor organe sunt:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Asupra ficatului, parasimpaticul stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza ", + "B. Asupra inimii, simpaticul determin\u0103 cre\u015fterea frecven\u0163ei \u1e63i a for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie precum \u1e63i vasoconstric\u021bia coronarelor ", + "C. La nivelul glandelor intestinale parasimpaticul stimuleaz\u0103 iar simpaticul inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia ", + "D. La nivelul medulosuprarenalei simpaticul determin\u0103 stimularea secre\u021biei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i corela\u0163ia corect\u0103 dintre reflexele vegetative ale trunchiului cerebral \u015fi sediul centrilor nervosi :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. pupilar fotomotor \u015fi de acomodare (pentru vederea de aproape): mezen cefal, nucleul nervului accesor ", + "B. lacrimal \u015fi salivar: bulbo -pontin, nucleii parasimpatici ai nervului facial ", + "C. cardiovascular \u015fi respirator: bulbo -pontin, nucleii substan\u0163ei reticulate ", + "D. secretorii \u015fi motorii digestive: bulb, nucleul hipoglosului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Planul sa gital :", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Trece prin axul longitudinal \u015fi transversal ", + "B. \u00cemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 metamere ", + "C. Se mai nume\u015fte planul simetriei bilaterale ", + "D. Este un plan orizontal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i asocierile corecte :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Glandele intestinale - tubuloase simple ", + "B. \u021aesut conjunctiv elastic - tunica intern\u0103 a arterelor \u015fi venelor ", + "C. Tesuturi nevascularizate - conjunctiv dur ", + "D. \u021aesut epitelial cubic simplu - mucoasa traheei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii sunt false :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Sensibilitatea interoceptiv\u0103 are receptori \u00een pere\u021bii vaselor \u0219i organelor interne ", + "B. Sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 are protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", + "C. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 protopatic\u0103 are receptorii reprezenta\u021bi de fusurile neuromusculare ", + "D. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 protopatic\u0103 are protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spin al " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Otita este o afec\u021biune caracterizat\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspect e, cu excep\u0163ia:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Este cauzat\u0103 de o infec\u021bie microbian\u0103 sau virotic\u0103 ", + "B. Se manifest\u0103 prin dureri locale, febr\u0103, stare general\u0103 alterat\u0103 ", + "C. Este favorizat\u0103 de afec\u021biuni virotice respiratorii ", + "D. Provoac\u0103, \u00een toate cazurile spargerea membranei timpanice D. Dac\u0103 4 este corect; " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii multipolari pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Motoneuroni din toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", + "2. Numai cu neuroni bipolari, la nivelul retinei ", + "3. Cu neuronii bipolari din mucoasa olf activ\u0103 ", + "4. Celulele senzoriale interne din melcul membranos " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele senzitive din structura nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Sunt implicate \u00een segmentul de conducere al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i kinestezic ", + "2. Sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive \u00een nervii faciali, glosofaringieni \u0219i pneumogastrici ", + "3. Pot avea originea \u00een ganglionul situat pe fa\u0163a anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii osului temporal \u0219i \u00een gang lionii inferiori al nervilor glosofaringian \u0219i vag ", + "4. \u00ce\u0219i au originea real\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Placa motorie:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butonii terminali ai motoneuronilor gamma din cordoanele ", + "2. Se poate constit ui cu participarea unor componente din structura unui proprioceptor ", + "3. Prezint\u0103 proteine receptor la nivelul componentei presinaptice ", + "4. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butoni terminali ai unor prelungiri celulifuge ale neuronilor cu originea \u00een nucleii somatici ai unor nervi cranieni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru receptorii accelera\u0163iei liniare sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii, cu excep\u0163ia:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00een rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu axonii neuronilor bipolari din ganglionul vestibular ", + "2. con\u0163in celule epiteliale specializate care au rol de a men\u0163ine constant\u0103 compozi\u0163ia endolimfei ", + "3. Con\u021bin celule senzoriale situate pe o membran\u0103 bazal\u0103, localizate \u00een vestibulul membranos ", + "4. Prev\u0103zute cu celule care prezint\u0103 la polul apical prelungiri permanente, ca \u0219i receptorii pentr u accelera\u021bia circular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Care din urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii vestibulari sunt \u00een rela\u0163ie cu ganglionul vestibular Scarpa \u015fi cu to\u0163i nucleii ", + "2. papilele filiforme de la nivelul corpului limbii sunt \u00een rela\u0163ie cu dendritele neuronilor din ganglionul geniculat ", + "3. motoneuronul gamma din coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei se termin\u0103 \u00een zona periferic\u0103 necontractil\u0103 a fibrelor intrafusale, realiz\u00e2 nd pl\u0103ci motorii ", + "4. lumina str\u0103bate \u00een ordine stratul celulelor ganglionare, stratul neuronilor bipolari pentru a ajunge la celulele fotoreceptoare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Care din afirma\u0163iile privind poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune sunt false?", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune generat \u00een perioad a refractar\u0103 relativ\u0103 are o amplitudine mai ", + "2. perioada refractar\u0103 absolut\u0103 se poate datora inactiv\u0103rii canalelor de sodiu ", + "3. depolarizarea este produs\u0103 prin reducerea valorii poten\u0163ialului de membran\u0103, datorit\u0103 cre\u015fterii permeabilit\u0103\u0163ii pentru Na+, ini\u0163ial rapid, ulterior lent ", + "4. hiperpolarizarea este produs\u0103 prin men\u0163inerea permeabilit\u0103\u0163ii pentru K+ datorit\u0103 lentelor canale pentru K+, care reac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 mai greu la semnalul de depolarizare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. se pot afla pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 sau intern\u0103 a membranei, precum \u0219i transmembranar ", + "2. receptor de la nivelul microvililor din celulele senzoriale ale mugurilor gustativi din treimea posterioar\u0103 a limbii declan\u015feaz\u0103 depolarizarea acestora \u00een contact cu substan\u0163ele sapide ", + "3. specifice sunt sintetizate \u00een toate celulele la nivelul granulelor lui Palade ", + "4. contractile \u00eentr -o miofibril\u0103 sunt reprezentate de 1500 miofilamente de miozin\u0103 \u015fi 3000 de miofilamente de actin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele vegetative motorii ale nervilor cranie ni:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse neuroefectoare ", + "2. pot constitui calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex pupilodilatator ", + "3. pot avea originea \u00een ganglionii previscerali sau intramurali ", + "4. pot reprezenta fibra preganglionar\u0103 a c\u0103ii eferente a reflexului salivar " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile aferente ale durerii cutanate a fe\u021bei se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. au protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", + "2. au al treilea neuron \u00een talamus ", + "3. au deutoneuronul \u00een nucleii senzitivi ai nervului trigemen din bulb, punte \u0219i metatalamus ", + "4. au protoneuronul \u00een g anglionul nervului trigemen " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021ba alb\u0103 a cerebelului este format\u0103 din fibre cu originea la nivelul :", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. coarnelor posterioare medulare ", + "2. ganglionului spinal ", + "3. unuia dintre nucleii sen zoriali din bulbul rahidian ", + "4. nucleului ro\u0219u " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fosfolipidele:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. permit difuziunea prin plasmalem\u0103 a glucozei ", + "2. por\u0163iunea lor hidrofob\u0103 faciliteaz\u0103 pasajul transmembranar al ionilor \u015fi al moleculelor hidrosolubile ", + "3. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranei bilaminare a mitocondriilor \u015fi a dictiozomilor ", + "4. sunt prezente \u00een membranele RE \u0219i lizozomilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Unor prelungiri periferice ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", + "2. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare parasimpatice ", + "3. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare simpatice ", + "4. Sinapselor axo -axonice \u0219i pl\u0103cilor motorii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chii irisului prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici morfologice :", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. Con\u021bin fibre musculare cu dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 ", + "2. Con\u021bin fibre musculare netede de tip multiunitar ", + "3. Con\u021bin fibre musculare cu dispozi\u021bie radiar\u0103 ", + "4. Activitatea lor este controlat\u0103 de sistemul nervos vegetativ " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Talamusul prezint\u0103 conexiuni directe, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. deutoneuronul c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice din m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", + "2. fasciculele Goll \u015fi Burdach care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin cordoanele posterioare ", + "3. neuronii somatosenzitivi din coarnele posterioare ale m\u0103duvei, pentru sensibilitatea termic\u0103 \u0219i de control a mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", + "4. neocortexul receptor din lobii parietali " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleul/ nucleii cu pozi\u021bie excentric\u0103 pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi \u00een:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Celulele vegetative centrale sau periferice ", + "2. Unele celule epiteliale din structura mucoasei unor c\u0103i respiratorii extrapulmonar e ", + "3. Celule ce apar\u021bin unui tip de \u021besut conjunctiv cu rol de protec\u021bie termic\u0103 \u0219i mecanic\u0103 ", + "4. Celule care depoziteaz\u0103 glicogen \u0219i pot atinge dimensiuni de ordinul centrimetrilor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile sensibilita\u021bii interoceptive:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. pot avea originea \u00een pere\u021bii vaselor ", + "2. au protoneuronul localizati \u00een ganglioni spinali sau cranieni (III,VII,IX,X) ", + "3. pot avea deutoneuronul \u00een m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii sau \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", + "4. implic\u0103 fascicule localizate \u00een cordoanele posterioare, lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de \u015fan\u021bul median " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Toracele prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Un spa\u0163iu central denumit mediastin \u00een care se afla inima \u015fi pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", + "2. Cavit\u0103\u0163i pleurale dispuse \u00een jurul fiec\u0103rui pl\u0103m\u00e2n ", + "3. Cavitatea pericardic\u0103 \u00een care este localizat\u0103 inima ", + "4. Pere\u0163ii forma\u0163i din elemente somatice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculele care fac parte din c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii proprioceptive:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. conduc impulsuri nervoase produse \u015fi prin stimularea corpusculilor Golgi \u015fi ", + "2. pot fi situate \u00een cordoanele medulare de aceea\u015fi parte cu cea a neuronului de origine ", + "3. pot avea neuronul de origine situat \u00een cornul posterior medular ", + "4. pot conduce \u015fi impulsuri produse prin stimularea corpusculilor Meissner \u015fi a discurilor tactile Merkel cu c\u00e2mp receptor mic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. coroida se \u00eentinde anterior de ora serrata ", + "2. o mare parte a fibrelor tractului optic se termin\u0103 la corpul geniculat lateral, iar restul la coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori ", + "3. mu\u0219chiul ciliar secret\u0103 umoarea apoas\u0103 ", + "4. nutri\u021bia cristalinului este realizat\u0103 prin difuziune de c\u0103tre vasele proceselor ciliare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 fibre care se observ\u0103 la nivelul orbitei ", + "2. au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor senz oriale latera de piramidele pontine \u015fi medial fat\u0103 de pedunc ulii cerebelo\u015fi mijlocii ", + "3. con\u021bin fibre senzitive \u00een toate cele trei ramuri ", + "4. asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia nasului prin fibre senzitive ce apar\u021bin ramurilor olfactive \u015fi maxilare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la structura trunchiului cerebral sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii, cu excep\u021bia :", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. la nivelul \u1e63an\u021bului bulbo -pontin i au originea aparent\u0103 nervi i ale c\u0103ror fibre sunt ", + "2. lateral de piramidele bulbare se afla originea a parent\u0103 a nervului care prezint\u0103 nuclei senzitivi \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebr al ", + "3. olivele bulbare sunt delimitate de \u1e63an\u021buri la nivelul c\u0103rora se afla doar nervi care asigura inerva\u021bia laringelui \u015fi faringelui ", + "4. substanta alb\u0103 a bulbului este reprezentat\u0103 de fibrele lemniscului medial, de fibrele fasciculelor spinobulbare \u015fi spinocere beloase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile descendente (ale motricit\u0103\u021bii):", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Pot s\u0103 prezinte origine cortical\u0103 \u1e63i subcortical\u0103 ", + "2. Pot s\u0103 fie bineuronale sau multineuronale ", + "3. Includ at\u00e2t fibre mielinizate c\u00e2t \u015fi amielinice ", + "4. Con\u021bin \u1e63i fibre care traverseaz\u0103 trunchiul cerebral \u00een \u00eentregime " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Calea acustic\u0103 \u015fi vestibular\u0103 au \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. dispunerea receptorilor \u00een canalul cohlear ", + "2. localizarea celui de al treilea neuron ", + "3. ganglionii care con\u0163in protoneuronii segmentului intermediar ", + "4. originea aparent\u0103 a nervului din segmentul de conducere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. din nucleul salivator inferior pornesc fibre preganglionare parasimpatice destinate ", + "2. cerebelul este legat de diencefal prin pedunculul cerebelos superior ", + "3. hipocampul face parte din sistemul limbic ", + "4. fasciculul piramidal \u00eencruci\u0219at conduce motricitatea automat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Fusul neuromuscular:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. este inervat senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor pseudounipolari ", + "2. detecteaz\u0103 modific\u0103rile de lungime ale mu\u015fchiului stria\u021bi ", + "3. este receptorul reflexului de flexie ", + "4. con\u021bine fibre intrafusale cu lan\u021b nuclear \u00een num\u0103r mai mare dec\u00e2t al celor cu sac nuclear " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Apar\u021bin diencefalului urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice, except\u00e2nd :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. corpii mamilari ", + "2. ventriculii laterali ", + "3. ventriculul III ", + "4. apeductul Sylvius " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele aspecte car acterizeaz\u0103 ganglionii SNV", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. Ganglionii terminali reprezint\u0103 originea tuturor fibrelor postganglionare ", + "2. Ganglinii colaterali sunt locul sinapsei fibrelor care apar\u0163in nervilor splanhnici ", + "3. Ganglionii laterovertebrali reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor postganglionare simpatice cu distribu\u021bie la nivelul tegumentului \u015fi a mu \u1e63chilor somatici ", + "4. Medulosuprarenala prime\u015fte fibre apartin\u00e2nd marelui splanhnic, fiind considerat\u0103 un gangli on simpatic periferic " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen bulbul rahidian se g\u0103se\u0219te :", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile epicritice din teritoriul trunchiului \u0219i al ", + "2. Centrul reflexelor de degluti\u021bie, masticator \u0219i cardioinhibitor ", + "3. Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii gustative ", + "4. Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii auditive \u0219i vestibulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. \u00cen jurul conului terminal medular se afl\u0103 nervi toraco -lombari ", + "2. Fasciculele de asocia\u021bie sunt: fasciculul fundamental lateral, anterior \u0219i posterior ", + "3. \u00cen co arnele laterale \u0219i anterioare este prezent\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 reticulat\u0103 ", + "4. Coarnele laterale sunt prezente \u00een regiunile: cervical\u0103 inferioar\u0103, toracal\u0103 \u0219i lombar\u0103 superioar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Analizatorului olfactiv, spre deosebire de cel gustativ, prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. celulele receptoare care constituie protoneuronul c\u0103ii ", + "2. segment intermediar format doar din neuroni multipolari ", + "3. chemoreceptori cu structura nervoas\u0103 ", + "4. proiec\u021bia cortical\u0103 primar\u0103 la nivelul neocortexului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Axul transversal NU se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. se \u00eentretaie \u00een unghi drept cu axul frontal ", + "B. are un pol st\u00e2ng \u0219i unul drept ", + "C. corespunde l\u0103\u021bimii corpului ", + "D. este dispus orizontal " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Un stimul prag prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. cronaxie, care poate avea o valoare dubl\u0103 reobazei ", + "B. labilitate, capacitatea de a declan\u0219a un impuls nervos ", + "C. brusche\u021be, rapiditatea cu care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra unei celule ", + "D. timpul util, necesar revenirii la poten\u021bialul de repaus " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. are o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 datorat\u0103 ie\u0219irii K+ din ne uron ", + "B. este men\u021binut prin activitatea unor mecanisme active de transport ", + "C. se transform\u0103 \u00een poten\u021bial de ac\u021biune la aplicarea unui stimul unic subliminar ", + "D. are o valoare apropiat\u0103 de cea a poten\u021bialului de echilibru pentru Na+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt etape ale transmiterii impuls ului nervos la nivelul unei sinapse colinergice:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. sinteza acetilcolinei \u0219i stocarea ei \u00een vezicule sinaptice la nivelul corpului neuronal ", + "B. p\u0103trunderea ionilor de calciu \u00een butonul terminal ", + "C. legarea acetilcolinei de receptori specifici din membrana presinaptic\u0103 ", + "D. depolarizarea sau hiperpolarizarea membranei presinaptice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapsele chimice inhibitorii:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. produc depolarizarea componentei postsinaptice ", + "B. sunt caracterizate de lipsa fantei sinaptice ", + "C. implic\u0103 receptori pentru acidul gamaaminobutiric ", + "D. prezint\u0103 locuri de jonc\u021biune pentru trecerea ionilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii alfa medulari:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. inerveaz\u0103 fibre musculare extrafusale cu nuclei centrali ", + "B. fac sinapsa cu neuroni proprioceptivi din ganglionii spinali ", + "C. primesc impulsuri de la neuronii de asocia\u021bie senzitivi din coarnele posterioare ", + "D. particip\u0103 la men\u021binerea tonusului musculaturii striate a fe\u021bei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul reticulat activator ascendent:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. proiecteaz\u0103 specific pe cortexul cerebral informa\u021bii senzitive ", + "B. este format dint r-un num\u0103r mic de neuroni \u00eentre bulb \u0219i talamus ", + "C. are numai localizare medular\u0103, \u00een jurul canalului ependimar ", + "D. particip\u0103 la auto\u00eentre\u021binerea tonusului scoar\u021bei cerebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele senzoriale ale nervilor cranieni VII, IX \u0219i X:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eenconjoar\u0103 baza celulelor epiteliale de sus\u021binere ale mugurelui gustativ ", + "B. transmit impulsuri nervoase proiectate cortical contralateral ", + "C. ajung \u00een nucleul solitar de pe partea opus\u0103 ", + "D. depolarizeaz\u0103 membrana celulelor mitrale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul cranian V include fibre:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. senzoriale gustativ e, aflate \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu papilele filiforme ", + "B. cu origine \u00een nucleii senzitivi trigeminali din trunchiul cerebral ", + "C. visceromotorii cu conducere rapid\u0103 \u0219i sinapse colinergice ", + "D. care se distribuie celor \u0219ase glande salivare mari " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Perechea a VII -a de nervi cranieni:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. include fibre viscerosenzitive distribuite unor glande anexe digestive ", + "B. face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului lacrimal ", + "C. conduce impulsuri care ajung la glandele mucoasei nazale ", + "D. conduce impulsuri gustative prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul soli tar " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea marelui nerv splanhnic determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. relaxarea musculaturii colecistului \u0219i contrac\u021bia sfincterului Oddi ", + "B. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor gastrice \u0219i relaxarea musculaturii stomacului ", + "C. bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i diminuarea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", + "D. stimularea glicogenogenezei hepatice \u0219i contrac\u021bia splinei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. midriaz\u0103, prin relaxarea mu\u0219chilor netezi radiari ai irisului ", + "B. cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin stimularea unui proces catabolic la nivel hepatic ", + "C. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor lacrimale, salivare, sudoripare ", + "D. reducerea motilit\u0103\u021bii gastrointestinale \u0219i relaxarea sfincterelor digestive " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la ureche, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. orice sunet de 130 db este recep\u021bionat la baza mel cului ", + "B. sc\u0103ri\u021ba vibreaz\u0103 mereu cu aceea\u0219i amplitudine ", + "C. hiperpolarizarea receptorilor reduce frecven\u021ba PA ", + "D. vibra\u021biile membranei vestibulare inhib\u0103 receptorii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Termina\u021biile dendritice ale neuronilor din ganglionii Corti:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. transform\u0103 energia mecanic\u0103 a sunetelor ", + "B. modific\u0103 frecven\u021ba undelor sonore ", + "C. amplific\u0103 intensitatea sunetelor slabe ", + "D. conduc poten\u021biale de ac\u021biune cu diferite frecven\u021be " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Maculele otolitice, spre deosebire de crestele ampulare, prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. celule epiteliale senzoriale cu prelungiri permanente la polul apical ", + "B. celule vestibulare stimulate mecanic, at\u00e2t \u00een condi\u021bii statice, c\u00e2t \u0219i dinamice ", + "C. o membran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu granule de fosfat de calciu \u0219i magneziu ", + "D. leg\u0103turi cu neuroni bipolari situa\u021bi \u00eentr -un ganglion de pe traseul nervului VIII " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Depolarizarea unei celule gustative:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. este urmarea modific\u0103rii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii ei pentru sodiu ", + "B. se transmite la toate papilele gustative ", + "C. este constant\u0103, indiferent de timpul de ac\u021biune a stimulului ", + "D. determin\u0103 senza\u021bii gustative complexe " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocia\u021bia corect\u0103 \u00eentre tipurile de substan\u021be \u0219i senza\u021bia gustativ\u0103 determinat\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. s\u0103ruri ionizante \u2013 dulce ", + "B. alcaloizi \u2013 amar ", + "C. glicoli \u2013 acru ", + "D. acizi \u2013 s\u0103rat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dendritele neuronilor bipolari olfactivi:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. sunt localizate la cei doi poli celulari ", + "B. prezint\u0103 butoni terminali cu mediatori chimici ", + "C. au cili care m\u0103resc suprafa\u021ba de contact cu substan\u021bele odorante ", + "D. se reunesc \u00een m\u0103nunchiuri ce formeaz\u0103 nervii olfactivi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele mitrale \u0219i celulele ganglionare retiniene au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. fac sinaps\u0103 cu axonii unor celule nervoase bipolare ", + "B. formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus ", + "C. sunt celule epiteliale cu rol \u00een recep\u021bia stimulilor specifici ", + "D. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca deutoneuroni ai unor c\u0103i cu proiec\u021bie \u00een lobul parietal " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Conexiunile dintre segmentul intermediar al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i centrii termoregl\u0103rii se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "B. trunchiului cerebral ", + "C. hipotalamusului ", + "D. cerebelului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nociceptorii sunt:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. receptori fazici, care se adapteaz\u0103 rapid \u00een prezen\u021ba stimulului ", + "B. reprezenta\u021bi, \u00een principal, de termina\u021bii nervoase \u00eencapsulate ", + "C. stimula\u021bi de substan\u021be eliberate de celulele lezate ", + "D. mai numero\u0219i la nivelul viscerelor dec\u00e2t la nivelul tegumentului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. la \u00eentuneric , are loc trecerea retinalului din forma cis \u00een forma trans ", + "B. descompunerea rodopsinei din citoplasma bastona\u0219elor modific\u0103 conductan\u021bele ionice ", + "C. procesul de fuzionare a imaginilor \u00eencepe la nivelul coliculilor superiori ", + "D. \u00een acomodarea pentru vederea de aproap e, intervin \u0219i mu\u0219chi drep\u021bi ai globului ocular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Reflexul corneean de clipire se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. este un reflex de ap\u0103rare, cu centrii \u00een mezencefal ", + "B. are calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex asigurat\u0103 de nervul III ", + "C. are calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex asigurat\u0103 de nervul II ", + "D. poate fi declan\u0219at \u0219i \u00een mod voluntar " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Printr -un dezechilibru \u00een secre\u021bia glandelor suprarenale pot ap\u0103rea:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. boala Adisson \u2013 adinamie, edeme, adipozitate ", + "B. sindr omul androgenital la copil \u2013 apari\u021bia unei pubert\u0103\u021bi tardive ", + "C. sindromul Cushing \u2013 obezitate, osteoporoz\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri nervoase ", + "D. boala Conn \u2013 adinamie, deshidratare, melanodermie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen reglarea nivelului de calciu plasmatic intervin:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. STH, prin efectul s\u0103u de a re \u021bine compu\u0219i ai calciului ", + "B. PTH \u0219i CT, stimula\u021bi de valori plasmatice mici ale calcemiei ", + "C. vitamina B3, prin care PTH exe rcit\u0103 efecte indirecte ", + "D. estrogenii, care inhib\u0103 depunerea calciului \u00een oase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Hiposecre\u021bia hormonului secretat de celulele principale para tiroidiene:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. poate fi determinat\u0103 de o diet\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een s\u0103ruri de magneziu ", + "B. determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri cardiace (palpita\u021bii, aritmii) ", + "C. se manifest\u0103 prin sc\u0103derea calciuriei \u0219i a fosfatemiei ", + "D. poate afecta coagularea s\u00e2ngelui, contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103 \u0219i transmiterea influxului nervos " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Glucocorticoizii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte metabolice:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. scad num\u0103rul de limfocite \u0219i de neutrofile ", + "B. cresc secre\u021bia de pepsinogen \u0219i de acid clorhidric ", + "C. scad absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidel or \u0219i lipemia ", + "D. stimuleaz\u0103 anabolismul proteic \u00een ficat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Boala determinat\u0103 de hipersecre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a foliculilor tiroidieni se poate manifesta prin:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. sc\u0103dere \u00een greutate, sc\u0103derea tonusului muscular ", + "B. hiperfagie, edem retroorbitar ", + "C. tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor, lentoare psihomotorie ", + "D. hipersudora\u021bii, piele \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre hormoni se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. cei deriva\u021bi din acizii arahidonici exercit\u0103 efecte generalizate \u00een organism ", + "B. estradiolul \u0219i cortizolul sunt sintetiza\u021bi pornind de la colesterol ", + "C. cei pepti dici includ ocitocina, hormonul antidiuretic \u0219i prostaglandinele ", + "D. melatonina atinge nivelul maxim de secre\u021bie la amiaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. planurile parasagitale includ axul longitudinal \u0219i pe cel anteroposterior ", + "2. fiecare emisfer\u0103 cerebral\u0103 posed\u0103 o fa\u021b\u0103 medial\u0103 c\u0103tre fisura interemisferic\u0103 ", + "3. cavitatea ventral\u0103 a corpului include cavitatea abdominopelvian\u0103 ", + "4. diafragma perineal\u0103 este situat\u0103 cranial fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chiul diafragm " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fazele poten\u021bialului de ac \u021biune se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. pragul \u2013 \u00eencep s\u0103 se deschid\u0103 canalele voltaj dependente pentru cei doi cationi: Na+ \u0219i H+ ", + "2. panta ascendent\u0103 \u2013 efluxul de Na+ reduce diferen\u021ba de poten\u021bial \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be ale membranei ", + "3. panta descendent\u0103 \u2013 canalele de Na+ se inactiveaz\u0103, iar cele de K+ se \u00eenchid ", + "4. hiperpolarizarea \u2013 K+ continu\u0103 s\u0103 ias\u0103 din celul\u0103 prin canalele voltaj -dependente " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii se g\u0103sesc neuroni:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. vegetativi simpatici ", + "2. ai substan\u021bei reticulate ", + "3. vegetativi parasimpatici ", + "4. ai c\u0103ilor senzitive " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele ramurii comunicante cenu\u0219ii:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia nervilor splanhnici ", + "2. sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive ", + "3. inerveaz\u0103 \u0219i glande endocrine ", + "4. au origine \u00een ganglionii paravertebrali " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Axonii neuronilor din ganglionii spinali pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. multiplolari din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", + "2. din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "3. localiza\u021bi \u00een unii nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral ", + "4. senzitivi de ordinul al doilea din centrii reflec\u0219i polisinaptici " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul gracilis spre deosebire de fasciculul cuneat:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", + "2. decuseaz\u0103 inferior de olivele bulbare ", + "3. face sinaps\u0103 \u00een nucleii de releu talamici ", + "4. m\u0103rgine\u0219te \u0219an\u021bul median posterior medular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fibrele corticospin ale este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. unele au originea \u00een arii suprapuse ariilor senzitive secundare ", + "2. 25% dintre ele nu se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103, inerv\u00e2nd mu\u0219chii scheletici de aceea\u0219i parte ", + "3. influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea fibrelor extrafusale prin intermediul motoneuronilor alfa ", + "4. controleaz\u0103 motilitatea voluntar\u0103 a globilor ocular i " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "O leziune la nivelul fe\u021bei posterioare a mezencefalului afecteaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. transmiterea impulsurilor prin fasciculul Flechsig ", + "2. reflexul corneean de clipire \u0219i reflexul de tip miotatic ", + "3. activitatea musculaturii ciliare, implicat\u0103 \u00een mioz\u0103 ", + "4. reflexul de \u00eentoarcere a capului c\u0103tre un stimul vizual " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionul Gasser:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. formeaz\u0103 trei ramuri mixte ", + "2. con\u021bine neuroni ce inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv globul ocular ", + "3. se mai nume\u0219te ganglion genicula t ", + "4. reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor ce conduc exterorecep\u021bia limbii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul vag:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine fibre postganglionare adrenergice ", + "2. are pe traseul lui ganglionii superior \u0219i inferior ", + "3. conduce impulsuri pentru relaxarea duodenului ", + "4. particip\u0103 la controlul activit\u0103\u021bii cardiace " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la nervii cranieni IX \u0219i X se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii faringelui prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", + "2. culeg impulsuri de la mugurii gustativi ai mucoasei faringelui (nervul IX) \u0219i a epiglotei (nervul X) ", + "3. au originea aparent\u0103 a fibrelor senzoriale \u0219i senzitive \u00een \u0219an\u021bul retroolivar ", + "4. asigur\u0103, prin fibrele viscerosenzitive, calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului presor cardiovascular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Musculatura faringelui este inervat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. nervul pneumogastric ", + "2. r\u0103d\u0103cina cranian\u0103 a nervului accesor ", + "3. nervul glosofaringian ", + "4. nervul hipoglos " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Limba:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. este inervat\u0103 de fibre cu origine \u00een ganglionul trigeminal ", + "2. are muguri gustativi sensibili la substan\u021bele dulci, \u00een papilele filiforme ", + "3. este inervat\u0103 de fibre nervoase cu origine \u00een nuclei bulbari ", + "4. are pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a dou\u0103 puncte diferite la 50 mm " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele preganglionare simpatice :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. pot avea lungimi diferite ", + "2. prezint\u0103 pe traseu celule Schwann ", + "3. pot intra \u00een constitu\u021bia nervilor splanhnici ", + "4. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre ganglioni ai lan\u021bului paravertebral se poate afirma c\u0103 sunt:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. originea unor fibre care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", + "2. origine pentru fibrele viscerosenzitive ale nervilor splanhnici ", + "3. implica\u021bi \u00een formarea unor plexuri: car otidian, cardiac, pulmonar ", + "4. forma\u021biuni nervoase \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse adrenergice " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii Pacini sunt:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. receptori pentru vibra\u021bii, localiza\u021bi \u00een hipoderm ", + "2. stimula\u021bi de diferen\u021be de presiune \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri rapide, slabe ", + "3. prezen\u021bi \u0219i \u00een periost, tendoane, fascii musculare ", + "4. receptori relativ mari \u0219i lent adaptabili " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Unii proprioreceptori:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. sunt sensibili la modific\u0103ri de presiune ", + "2. ajut\u0103 la prevenirea contrac\u021biei musculare excesive ", + "3. pot avea inerva\u021bie motorie ", + "4. sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een peretele vaselor sangvin e din mu\u0219chi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Gustul amar poate fi:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. perceput de mugurii gustativi din bolta palatin\u0103 ", + "2. determinat de substan\u021be ce con\u021bin azot ", + "3. perceput \u0219i la nivelul faringelui \u0219i epiglotei ", + "4. perceput de muguri din papilele circumvallate " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "De la papilele filiforme conduc informa\u021bii dendrite ale nervilor:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. faciali ", + "2. vagi ", + "3. glosofaringieni ", + "4. trigem eni " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre segmentul intermediar al analizatorului gustativ se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. fibrele gustative ale nervului VII inerveaz\u0103 receptorii papilelor circumvalate ", + "2. prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu hipotalamusul \u0219i cu nucleii salivatori din trunchiul cerebral ", + "3. include nuclei bulbari, de origine pentru fibrele gustative ale nervilor VII, IX \u0219i X ", + "4. fibrele talamice se proiecteaz\u0103 la baza girului parietal ascendent " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de acomodare pen tru vederea unui obiect care se apropie de ochi la 1,5 m, \u00eentr -o zon\u0103 intens luminat\u0103 presupune:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea curburii cristalinului ", + "2. desc\u0103rcarea de impulsuri din centrii medulari ", + "3. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor circulari ai irisului ", + "4. stimularea receptorilor vizuali care au sensibilitate maxim\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Retina:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. vine \u00een contact cu lumina \u00eent\u00e2i la nivelul membranei limitante externe ", + "2. are conuri cu sensibilitate mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a bastona\u0219elor ", + "3. con\u0163ine celule fotosensibile \u00een toate zonele sale ", + "4. are conuri cu prag de sensibilitate mai mare dec\u00e2t al bastona\u0219elor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Comparativ cu ochiul emetrop, \u00een cazul ochiului hipermetrop:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. convexitatea cristalinului este mai diminuat\u0103 ", + "2. punctul proxim este situat mai departe de ochi ", + "3. imaginea obiectului privit se formeaz\u0103 \u00een spatele retin ei ", + "4. corec\u021bia se realizeaz\u0103 cu lentile divergente " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii maculari \u015fi cei ampulari au \u00een comun:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. prezen\u0163a cililor care vin \u00een contact cu o mas\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", + "2. polul bazal \u00eenconjurat de dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul Scarpa ", + "3. posibilitatea de a declan\u0219a reflexe statokinetice ", + "4. localizarea \u00een perilimfa labirintului membranos al urechii interne " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii timici:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. sunt secreta\u021bi de celulele corpusculilor Hassal din zona cortical\u0103 ", + "2. sunt reprezenta\u021bi de peptide care intervin \u00een procesele de ap\u0103rare imun \u0103 ", + "3. regleaz\u0103 maturarea limfocitelor implicate \u00een imunitatea mediat\u0103 umoral ", + "4. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een stimularea mineraliz\u0103rii osoase " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Testosteronul:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. se leag\u0103 de receptorii membranari, determin\u00e2nd producerea unui mesager secundar ", + "2. p\u0103trunde \u00een celula gazd\u0103 prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 \u0219i ajunge \u00een nucleu, activ\u00e2nd anumite gene ", + "3. activeaz\u0103 enzime din celulele \u021bint\u0103, prin intermediul AMP ciclic ", + "4. \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 ac\u021biunile prin declan\u0219area sintezei de proteine specifice \u00een celulele \u021bint\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Somatostatina:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. este secretat\u0103 de ce lulele delta ale acinilor pancreatici ", + "2. reduce secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a celulelor insulare \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 ", + "3. are secre\u021bia inhibat\u0103 de concentra\u021bii plasmatice crescute de insulin\u0103 ", + "4. inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia unor hormoni gastrointestinali " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonul luteotrop:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 a glandelor mamare \u0219i secre\u021bia corpului galben ", + "2. inhib\u0103 ac\u021biunea LH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculare, \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", + "3. are secre\u021bia controlat\u0103 de doi neurohormoni hipotalamici, similar STH -ului ", + "4. are o secre\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een timpul somn ului, \u00een hipoglicemie, \u00een stres \u0219i efort fizic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dezvoltarea \u0219i func\u021bionarea gonadelor pot fi influen\u021bate de urm\u0103torii hormoni:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. melatonin\u0103 ", + "2. prolactin\u0103 ", + "3. vasotocin\u0103 ", + "4. tiroidieni " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Efecte metabolice ale hormonului secretat de celulele insulare alfa pot fi:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei gastrice ", + "2. stimularea sintezei proteinelor ", + "3. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei biliare ", + "4. stimularea sintezei glucozei din aminoacizi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Planul parasagital:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. este delimitat de axele longitudinal \u015fi transversal ", + "B. trece aproximativ prin sutura sagital\u0103 a craniului ", + "C. \u00eemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi: cranial\u0103 \u015fi caudal\u0103 ", + "D. este paralel cu planul simetriei bilaterale a corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cavitatea toracic\u0103 \u0219i cea abdominal\u0103 au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun \u0103:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. sunt delimitate anterior at\u00e2t de structuri musculare, c\u00e2t \u0219i osoase ", + "B. ad\u0103postesc viscere cu celule secretoare dispuse \u00een cordoane ", + "C. prezint\u0103 varia\u021bii ciclice ale presiunii intracavitare ", + "D. sunt limitate inferior de o diafragm\u0103 muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u0162esutul conjunctiv lax:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. con\u0163ine predominant fibre de reticulin\u0103 ", + "B. apare \u00een periost \u0219i \u00een pericondru ", + "C. con\u0163ine fibre elastice anastomozate \u00een re\u0163ea ", + "D. formeaz\u0103 capsula de la nivelul ovarului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Adipocitul:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 \u00een citoplasm\u0103 organite comune \u0219i specifice , av\u00e2nd un nucleu periferic ", + "B. secret\u0103 hormoni, precum: resistina \u0219i provitamina D3 ", + "C. are activitatea influenta\u021b\u0103 de insulin\u0103, care inhib\u0103 lipogeneza din glucoz\u0103 ", + "D. se num\u0103 r\u0103 printre celulele care \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 forma globuloas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la fiziologia celulei nervoase este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. mielina izoleaz\u0103 electric fibrele motorii ale nervilor simpatici cardiaci \u0219i splahnici ", + "B. valorile cronaxiei sunt de 10 -30 de ori mai mici dec\u00e2t ale reobazei \u0219i apropiate pentru neuronii senzitivi \u0219i motori ", + "C. prelungiri celulipete periferice pot conduce impulsul nervos cu viteze de 100 -120 m/s ", + "D. varia\u021bia amplitudinii poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune asigur\u0103 discriminarea \u00eentre stimuli de intensit\u0103\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la caracteristicile neuronului:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. depolarizarea presupune deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru Na+ \u015fi ie\u0219irea acestui ion c\u0103tre spa\u021biul extracelular ", + "B. repolarizarea implic\u0103 deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru K+ \u015fi are o durat\u0103 mai scurt\u0103 dec\u00e2t depolarizarea ", + "C. poten\u0163ialul de repaus poate avea valoarea de - 80 mV \u015fi aceea\u015fi durat\u0103 ca la fibrele musculare striate de la nivelul antrului piloric ", + "D. poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune generat \u00een perioada refractar\u0103 relativ\u0103 are o amplitudine mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prelungirea neuronal\u0103 celulipet\u0103:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. are un diametru constant pe toat\u0103 lungimea sa ", + "B. poate fi mielinizat\u0103 sau amielinic\u0103 , la nivelul sistemului nervos central ", + "C. poate fi implicat\u0103 \u00een sinapse chimice sau electrice ", + "D. conduce \u00eentotdeauna impulsuri pe distan\u021be mari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Arcurile reflexe vegetative simpatice \u015fi parasimpatice:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. pot determina contrac\u0163ie pe mu\u015fchi multiunitar ", + "B. prezint\u0103 sinapse colinergice \u00een ganglionul c\u0103ii senzitive ", + "C. au cei doi neuroni visceromotori dispu\u015fi intranevraxial ", + "D. au efect pe mu\u015fchii prezen\u021bi la nivelul dermului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionul geniculat \u015fi cel trigeminal au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. apar\u0163in unor nervi cranieni ce includ \u015fi fibre visceromotorii pentru viscere faciale ", + "B. reprezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 pentru fibre senzitive/senzoriale ", + "C. apar\u0163in unor nervi cranieni ce au nuclei de origine \u00een etaje encefalice diferite ", + "D. trimit fibre ce culeg informa\u0163ii gustative de la nivelul limbii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nervul vag:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 pe traseul fibrelor senzitive doi ganglioni: Ehrenritter \u0219i Andersch ", + "B. inerveaz\u0103, prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal, mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin ", + "C. con\u021bine fibre care particip\u0103 la formarea plexurilor din pere\u021bii tubului digestiv ", + "D. conduce impulsuri ce determin\u0103 dilata\u021bia vaselor coronare \u0219i a celor peniene " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre c\u0103ile motorii se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. circa 30% din c\u0103ile piramidale conduc impulsurile nervoase saltatoriu ", + "B. o parte din cele piramidale sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu nuclei situa\u021bi deasupra \u0219i lateral de talamus ", + "C. cele parasimpatice cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal inerveaz\u0103 unele organe pelvi ene ", + "D. o parte din cele simpatice postganglionare inerveaz\u0103 anexe cutanate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Fasciculul spinobulbar cuneat:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. este un fascicul \u00eencruci\u0219at ", + "B. urc\u0103 din cornul posterior medular spre bulb ", + "C. este prezent doar la nivel toraco \u2013 lombar ", + "D. transmite sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al misc\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021biu " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. sunt structuri excitabile care r\u0103spund la stimuli conform legii \u201etot sau nimic\u201d ", + "B. situa\u021bi la nivelul extremita\u021bii cefalice pot fi neuroni multipolari modifica\u021bi ", + "C. sunt reprezenta\u021bi \u00een num\u0103r mare de celule conjunctive diferen\u021biate \u0219i specializate ", + "D. pot fi baroreceptori \u0219i chemoreceptori localiza\u021bi la nivelul sinusului carotidian " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fibrele intrafusale este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. au numero\u0219i nuclei situa\u021bi periferic similar fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", + "B. au diametrul constant pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor, indiferent de tipul fibrei intrafusale ", + "C. sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali \u0219i Gasser ", + "D. sunt inervate motor, pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor, de axonii neuronilor radiculari gamma " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Inerva\u0163ia motorie a fusului neuro muscular este realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. prelungirile neuronilor pseudounipolari din ganglionii spinali ", + "B. termina\u0163ii nervoase motorii spiralate \u015fi \u201d \u00een buchet\u201d /\u201d\u00een floare\u201d ", + "C. axonii neuronilor gamma din cordoanele anterioare medulare ", + "D. termina\u0163ii nervoase axonice cu vitez\u0103 mare de conducere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele fotoreceptoare prezente \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een macula lutea:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. con\u0163in rodopsin\u0103 care se descompune \u00een purpur retinian \u015fi retinen ", + "B. au sensibilitate mare \u015fi prag de excitabilitate redus ", + "C. prezint\u0103 discuri suprapuse localizate \u00een segmentul intern ", + "D. au compon entele prezente \u00een straturile 2 -6 ale retinei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Corpusculii senzitivi :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. Meissner cu un c\u00e2mp receptor mic deservesc sensibilitatea protopatic\u0103 ", + "B. Krause sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul trigeminal ", + "C. Ruffinii se g\u0103sesc \u00een derm, hipoderm \u0219i \u00een toat\u0103 grosimea capsulei articulare ", + "D. Golgi -Mazzoni detecteaz\u0103 tensiunea din tendoane \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei musculare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Receptorii vestibulari:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. maculari sunt stimula\u021bi de viteza de deplasare a capului, iar \u00een repaus de for\u0163a gravita\u0163ional\u0103 ", + "B. ampulari recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile liniare ale capului, datorit\u0103 orient\u0103rii canalelor semicirculare \u00een cele trei planuri spa\u0163iale ", + "C. otolitici particip\u0103 la men\u0163inerea echilibrului \u00een condi\u0163iile acceler\u0103rilor circulare ale capului ", + "D. din canalul lat eral sunt stimula\u021bi de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie executate \u00een jurul axului vertical " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre fibrele corticonucleare se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. au neuroni de comand\u0103 \u00een nucleul caudat \u0219i lentiform ", + "B. ajung la nucleul accesor al oculomotorului ", + "C. au neuroni de execu\u021bie \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", + "D. au neuroni centrali la nivelul ariei 40 din girul precentral " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "STH-ul adenohipofizar:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. stimuleaz\u0103 consumul de glucoz\u0103 la nivel mitocondrial ", + "B. mobilizeaz\u0103 acizii gra\u015fi din depozitele lipidice ", + "C. inhib\u0103 sinteza corpilor cetonici ", + "D. determin\u0103 bilan\u021b azotat negativ prin cre\u015fterea excre\u0163iei de azot " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre pancreas se poate afirma c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 celule acinare delta care secret\u0103 somatostatin\u0103 ", + "B. este situat la nivelul abdomenului inferior, av\u00e2nd inerva\u021bie dubl\u0103 simpatico -parasimpatic\u0103 ", + "C. are raport posterior cu rinichiul care este pozi\u021bionat mai sus ", + "D. produce la nivelul insulelor substan\u021be active precum : insulin\u0103, glucagon, proteaze, peptidaze " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. dilata\u021bie la nivelul arborelui bron\u0219ic ", + "B. contrac\u021bie la nivelul unor viscere abdo minale, precum: vezic\u0103 biliar\u0103, ficat, splin\u0103 ", + "C. stimularea secre\u021biei de glucagon ", + "D. secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 abundent\u0103, apoas\u0103, cu con\u021binut redus de substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sindromul androgenital:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. la copil determin\u0103 o pubertate t\u00e2rzie ", + "B. este asociat \u00eentotdeauna cu sindromul Cushing ", + "C. la femeie determin\u0103 pilozitate facial\u0103 ", + "D. se datoreaz\u0103 hiposecre\u021biei de hormoni androgeni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Corpii cetonici :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. au sinteza inhibat\u0103 de hormonul somatotrop ", + "B. determin\u0103, \u00een exces, instalarea alcalozei metabolice ", + "C. furnizeaz\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor catabolice ", + "D. se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een exces \u00een diabetul zaharat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni asigur\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u00een organism:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. mineralocorticoizii, a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este influen\u021bat\u0103 \u00een mare parte de ACTH ", + "B. vasopresina, care scade permeabilitatea tubilor colectori pentru ap\u0103 ", + "C. aldosteronul, indirect, prin s timularea reabsorb\u021biei renale a Na+ \u0219i respectiv a Cl- ", + "D. glucocorticoizii, care cresc permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la controlul/reglarea hormonal\u0103 , se poate afirma c\u0103 secre\u021bia de :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. LTH - este stimulat\u0103 de dopamina eliberat\u0103 de nucleii mijlocii hipotalamici ", + "B. T3 \u0219i T4 - poate fi inhibat\u0103 prin autoanticorpi care se leag\u0103 de receptorii pentru TRH ai tiroidei ", + "C. ADH - este inhibat\u0103 indirect de c\u0103tre alcool \u0219i stimulat\u0103 direct de durere ", + "D. OC/OX - este controlat\u0103 prin feedback pozitiv, declan\u0219at de impulsuri provenite de la " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. somatotropul \u0219i parathormonul cresc eliminarea unor compu\u0219i ai K \u0219i P ", + "B. tiroxina intensific\u0103 efectele stimul\u0103rii simpatice \u015fi degradarea glicogenului \u00een ficat ", + "C. parathormonul \u0219i cortizolul cresc absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a calciului ", + "D. estrogenii stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103, mineralizarea oaselor, excre\u021bia apei \u015fi a Na+ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Epifiza:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. este delimitat\u0103 de o capsul\u0103 \u0219i con\u021bine celule gliale specializate (pinealocite) ", + "B. secret\u0103 melatonin\u0103, hormon cu receptori numero\u0219i \u00een neuronii nucleului supraoptic ", + "C. are inerva\u021bie simpatic\u0103 provenit\u0103 din coarnele laterale T1 -T3 \u0219i ganglionul cervical inferior ", + "D. are secre\u021bia influen\u021bat\u0103 de lumin\u0103, ating\u00e2nd nivelul secretor maxim la ora 3 p.m. " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afec\u021biunea produs\u0103 de o hipersecre\u021bie endocrin\u0103:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. boala Addison ", + "B. gu\u0219a endemic\u0103 ", + "C. boala Simmonds ", + "D. diabetul bronzat " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt e fecte ale insulinei la nivelul ficatului:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u015fterea gluconeogenezei ", + "B. sc\u0103derea glicogenogenezei ", + "C. sc\u0103derea lipogenezei ", + "D. sc\u0103derea proteolizei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Membrana celular\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. este organizat\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul mozaicului fluid, observabil la microscopul optic ", + "2. include proteine globulare \u0219i fibrilare de care sunt ata\u0219ate glucide \u00eenc\u0103rcate negativ ", + "3. con\u021bine fosfolipide, reprezent\u00e2nd substratul molecular al func\u021biilor specializate membranare ", + "4. include colesterol, inserat printre moleculele de fosfolipide, \u00een ambele straturi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Proteinele :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. plasmatice - transport\u0103 steroizi secreta\u0163i de o gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 cu origine mezodermic\u0103 ", + "2. membranare - sunt implicate \u00een realizarea jon c\u021biunilor intercelulare ", + "3. receptor de la nivelul microvililor gustativi - sunt implicate \u00een depolarizarea chemoreceptorilor ", + "4. membranare cu rol de canale - sunt implicate \u00een transportul activ primar \u0219i secundar al cationilor Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prezint\u0103 vasculariza\u021bie proprie \u021besutul :", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. conjunctiv fibros de la nivelul tendonului lui Ahile ", + "2. epitelial de tranzi\u021bie de la nivelul ureterelor ", + "3. reticulat din m\u0103duva ro\u0219ie osoas\u0103 ", + "4. conjunctiv semidur din scheletul embrionului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele polinucleate umane pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. au dimensiuni microscopice sau macroscopice ", + "2. prezint\u0103 nucleii pozi\u021biona\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna central ", + "3. pot avea form\u0103 cilindric\u0103, fusiform\u0103 sau stelat\u0103 ", + "4. au doar doi centrioli, fiecare cu c\u00e2te nou\u0103 dublete de microtubuli " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Epiteliile simple cilindrice:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din celule \u00eenalte, care pot prezenta la polul apical cili sau microvili ", + "2. pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul unor c\u0103i genitale feminine \u0219i \u00een tubii uriniferi ", + "3. pot con\u021bine celule glandulare globuloase secretoare de mucus sau enzime ", + "4. apar \u00een mucoasa tubului digestiv, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cavitatea bucal\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la rect " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor cu originea \u00eentr -un ganglion prevertebral pot:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. conduce impulsul nervos cu o vitez\u0103 de 10 m/secund\u0103 ", + "2. realiza la nivelul efectorului sinapse cu media\u021bie colinergic\u0103 sau adrenergic\u0103 ", + "3. influen\u021ba prin impulsurile transmise activitatea viscerelor abdomino -pelvine ", + "4. participa la o sinaps\u0103 colinergic\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu neuronii medulosuprarenalei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Con\u021bin sinapse interneuronale ce implic\u0103 un neuron pseudounipolar:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii bulbari Goll \u0219i Burdach ", + "2. coarnele anterioare medulare ", + "3. coarnele posterioare medulare ", + "4. ganglionii spinali \u0219i trigeminali " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii cranieni VII \u015fi IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. includ \u00een alc\u0103tuirea lor prelungiri ale unor neuroni ganglionari ", + "2. conduc impulsuri pentru formarea de senza\u0163ii \u00een girusul postcentral ", + "3. inerveaz\u0103 grupe de mu\u015fchi stria\u0163i de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u0163ii cefalice ", + "4. con\u021bin fibre visceromotor ii care fac sinaps\u0103 cu celule glandulare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre puntea lui Varolio este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. are raport posterior cu o dilata\u021bie aflat\u0103 \u00een prelungirea canalului ependimar ", + "2. prime\u0219te impulsuri senzitive de la nivelul ganglionul Gasser ", + "3. con\u021bine neuroni de execu\u021bie pentru motilitatea voluntar\u0103 ", + "4. are raport inferior cu originile reale ale nervilor VI, VII \u0219i VIII " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre func\u021bia de conducere a trunchiului cerebral se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. c\u0103ile de asocia\u021bie prin fascicule proprii leag\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna nuc leii ce apar\u021bin trunchiului cerebral ", + "2. fibrele descendente ale fasciculului longitudinal dorsal apar\u021bin c\u0103ilor de asocia\u021bie ", + "3. c\u0103ile ascendente nespecifice au \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 fibre scurte interpuse \u00eentre bulb \u0219i talamus ", + "4. este realizat\u0103 de fibre descendente care se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 la nivelul \u00eentregului trunchi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cerebelul prime\u015fte aferen\u0163e de la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii cohleari ", + "2. coarnele posterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "3. nucleii vestibulari ", + "4. coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt reflexe vegetative medulare simpatice:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. cele sudoral e, pilomotor ii \u0219i vasomotorii, care au centrii la nivelul coarnelor laterale T1-L2 ", + "2. cele prin care se stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea cardiac\u0103 (T1 -T4) \u0219i motilitatea gastrointestinal\u0103 (T6 -L2) ", + "3. cel care are ca efectori mu\u0219chii radiari ciliari, determin\u00e2nd aplatizarea cristalinului (C7/C8 -T2) ", + "4. cele care determin\u0103 inhibarea mic\u0163iunii \u015fi a defeca\u0163iei, prin fibre cu originea \u00een m\u0103duva sacrat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. au fibrele senzitive pozi\u021bionate lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de cele motorii, la nivelul originilor aparente ", + "2. prezint\u0103 fibre somatosenzitive care pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul orbitelor ", + "3. prezint\u0103 \u00een ganglionul de pe traseul lor neuroni ale c\u0103ror prelungiri celulipete sunt mielinizate ", + "4. asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia nasului prin fibre ale ramurilor senzitive, olfactive \u015fi maxilare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionii vegetativi:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. paravertebrali - reprezint\u0103 originea unor fibre simpatice postganglionare cu distribu\u021bie la nivelul ", + "2. terminali - reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor parasimpatice implicate \u00een realizarea de sinapse neuroefectoare ", + "3. prevertebrali - reprezint\u0103 locuri \u00een care fibrele visceromotorii ale nervilor splanhnici realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice ", + "4. prezen\u021bi pe traseul nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti (V, VII, IX, X) con\u021bin neuroni visceroaferen\u021bi afla\u021bi \u00een rela\u021bie cu interoceptorii " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Globul ocular \u0219i urechea:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. ad\u0103postesc celule receptoare adap tate pentru m\u0103rirea suprafe\u021bei de recep\u021bie ", + "2. con\u021bin lichide care ajut\u0103 structura receptoare s\u0103 perceap\u0103 stimulul ", + "3. sunt implicate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea normal\u0103 a activit\u0103 \u021bii motorii ", + "4. sunt sediul unor reflexe de orientare realizate de coliculii cvadrigemeni " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Motilitatea tubului digestiv este controlat\u0103 de impulsuri conduse prin fibre:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. preganglionare pneumogastrice, cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu din bulbul rahidian ", + "2. parasimpatice preganglionare \u0219i simpatice postganglionare ale plexului hipogastric ", + "3. parasimpatice ale nervilor vagi \u015fi pelvieni, determin\u00e2nd relaxarea intestinului gros ", + "4. simpatice ale nervului spanhnic mic, determin\u00e2nd contrac\u0163ia sfincterului ileocecal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi variantele corecte de r\u0103spuns:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. rodopsina sensibilizeaz\u0103 bastona\u0219ele pentru radia\u021biile albastre ", + "2. un sunet cu amplitudinea de 100 decibeli poate determina afec\u021biuni auditive ", + "3. labirintita se manifest\u0103 prin mi\u0219c\u0103ri involuntare ale globilor ocular ", + "4. temperatura optim\u0103 de percep\u021bie a substan\u021belor insipide este \u00een jur de 240C " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Mucoasa olfactiv\u0103:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. se \u00eentinde la nivelul lamei ciuruite a osului etmoid \u0219i a cornetului nazal superior ", + "2. con\u021bine la nivelul epiteliului s\u0103u \u0219i glande mucoase stimulate de nervul VII ", + "3. are rela\u021bii de vecin\u0103tate cu o structur\u0103 osoas\u0103 prin \u021besutul s\u0103u conjunctiv ", + "4. similar mucoasei linguale con\u021bine un epiteliu cu celule pavimentoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cupola gelatinoas\u0103:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. reprezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu granule de carbonat de calciu \u0219i de magneziu ", + "2. se \u00eenclin\u0103 c\u00e2nd capul \u0219i corpului sufer\u0103 acceler\u0103ri liniare (\u00eenainte, \u00eenapoi, lateral) ", + "3. este secretat\u0103 de celulele de sus\u0163inere ale maculelor utricular\u0103 \u015fi sacular\u0103 ", + "4. este o forma\u0163iune \u00een care p\u0103trund cilii celulelor senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la afec\u021biunile analizatorilor:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. rinita alergic\u0103 peren\u0103 se manifest\u0103 prin str\u0103nut, prurit, rinoree ", + "2. febra f\u00e2nului este cauzat\u0103 de alergeni reprezenta\u0163i de diferite tipuri de polen ", + "3. otita medie acut\u0103 este favorizat\u0103 de afec\u021biuni virotice respiratorii Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a ", + " 4. z\u0103bala este inflama\u021bia purulent\u0103 a foliculului pilo -sebaceu " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Micozele:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. sunt produse de dermatofi\u021bi \u0219i se clasific\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de agentul patogen ", + "2. keratomicozele se manifest\u0103 sub forma unor pl\u0103ci brune ", + "3. pilomicozele pot afecta \u0219i zonele lipsite de p\u0103r \u0219i unghiile ", + "4. pot fi produse de Candida albicans , Tinea sp. , Stafilococcus sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 efecte ale secre\u021biei glandei situate retrosternal:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. fr\u00e2narea dezvolt\u0103rii gonadelor ", + "2. stimularea demineraliz\u0103rii osoase ", + "3. oprirea mitozelor ", + "4. inhibarea eliber\u0103rii hormonilor gonadotropi hipofizari " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Secre\u0163ia de insulin\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. cortizol ", + "2. glucagon ", + "3. somatotrop ", + "4. gastrina " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul port hipofizar:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. cuprinde vene porte precedate \u0219i succedate de capilare hipotalamice, respectiv hipofizare ", + "2. include capilarele care con\u021bin s\u00e2nge adus de artera hipofizar\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", + "3. transport\u0103 hormoni care au rol de prim mesager, leg\u00e2ndu -se de membranele celulelor \u021bint\u0103 ", + "4. transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een neurosecre\u021bii \u00een sensul hipotalamus \u2192 adenohipofiz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre hormoni sunt corecte:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. leptina, produs\u0103 de \u0163esutul adipos, inhib\u0103 oxid\u0103rile celulare ", + "2. colecistochinina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia sucului pancreatic ", + "3. peptidul natriuretic atrial \u0219i aldosteronul cresc natremia ", + "4. timocrescina intervine \u00een metabolismul calciului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Disfunc\u0163iile glandelor suprarenale se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. boala Conn (boala bronzat\u0103) \u2013 poliurie, polidipsie, tulbur\u0103ri neuromusculare ", + "2. sindromul suprarenogenital \u2013 pubertate precoce sau fenomene de feminizare/masculinizare ", + "3. sindromul Cushing \u2013 adipozitate, hirsutism,hipotensiune, hipo glicemie ", + "4. boala Addison \u2013 melanodermie, astenie neuromuscular\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri gastro -intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. glicogenoliza muscular\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de adrenalin\u0103 \u0219i de glucagon ", + "2. reglarea secre\u021biei pancreasului insular se face nervos \u0219i umoral, \u00een func\u0163ie de valorile glicemiei ", + "3. renina este secretat\u0103 de suprarenale \u00een condi\u0163iile sc\u0103derii presiunii sangvine ", + "4. inhibina, secretat\u0103 de corpul galben, influen\u021beaz\u0103 secre\u021bia gonadotropinelor hipofizare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre tiroid\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. are secre\u021bia controlat\u0103, \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit, de hipofiz\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a T 4 ", + "2. con\u021bine foliculi cu o cantitate redus\u0103 de coloid \u0219i delimita\u021bi de un strat de celule \u00eenalte, \u00een hiposecre\u021bie ", + "3. poate avea activitatea secre torie influen\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i de epifiz\u0103, de stres, de varia\u021bii termice ", + "4. con\u021bine, printre foliculi, celule speciale a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este stimulat\u0103 ori de c\u00e2te ori scade nivelul calcemiei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Hipoglicemia poate determina:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. eliberarea unei neurosecre\u021bii sub influen\u021ba impulsurilor transmise prin fibre preganglionare lungi ", + "2. cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranei adipocitelor \u0219i a hepatocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 ", + "3. mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din \u021besutul adipos, sub influen\u021ba frac\u0163iunii libere a hidrocortizonului Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a ", + " 4. stimularea gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u0219i din colesterol sub influen\u021ba glucagonului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni sunt secreta\u021bi de sistemul endocrin paracrin:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. prostaglandinele, care moduleaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi celulare ", + "2. vasotocina, care intervine \u00een reglarea metabolismului mineral ", + "3. histamina, care particip\u0103 la reac\u021biile imune ", + "4. eritropoietina, care este secretat\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "XI", + "stage": "judeteana", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri , cea mai mare parte din volumul creierului este ocupat \u0103 de:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. lobii optici, localiza\u021bi \u00een par tea dorsal\u0103 a mezencefalului ", + "B. corpii stria\u021bi, localiza\u021bi \u00een partea bazal\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", + "C. coliculii cvadrigemeni , care asigu r\u0103 reflexele de orientare vizual\u0103 \u0219i auditiv\u0103 ", + "D. paleocerebel, care controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Valvele din structura sistemului circulator al mamiferelor sunt:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. tricuspid\u0103, la nivelul orificiului atrio -ventricular situat , anatomic, la st\u00e2nga arterei pulmona re ", + "B. sigmoide, situate la originea aortei , arterelor pulmonare \u0219i a coronarelor ", + "C. bicuspid\u0103, la nivelul orificiului atrio -ventricular situat , anatomic, la st\u00e2nga septului interventricular ", + "D. fibroase, ancorate de pere\u021bii arterelor \u0219i venelor circula\u021biei sistemice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La m\u0103r , fotosinteza este maxim\u0103 la un deficit de ap\u0103 al frunzelor de 13% \u0219i scade \u00een intensitate la o hidratare mai mare deoarece:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 spa\u021biile intercelulare diminu\u00e2ndu -se difuzia gazelor ", + "B. cre\u0219te v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei \u0219 i viteza de circula\u021bie a moleculelor ", + "C. se intensific\u0103 consumul de energie necesar pentru absorb\u021bia apei ", + "D. se \u00eenchid ostiolele pentru reducerea transpira\u021biei \u0219i diminueaz\u0103 difuzia gazelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Venele pulmonare \u0219i venele cave ale mamiferelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ca racteristici comune:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. viteza de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui cre\u0219te de la origine c\u0103tre v\u0103rsare ", + "B. transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge venos de la \u021besuturi la inim\u0103 ", + "C. sunt vene pereche cu originea \u00een atrii ", + "D. prezint\u0103 sfinctere pe traseul lor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile autotrofe:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. asimileaz\u0103 carbonul reduc\u00e2nd amoniacul din aerul atmosferic ", + "B. transform\u0103 aerob \u0219i anaerob substan\u021bele organice \u00een acid lactic ", + "C. oxideaz\u0103 compu\u0219i organic i \u2013 NH 3, H2S \u2013 pentru nutri\u021bi a prin chemosintez\u0103 ", + "D. pot asimila dioxidul de carbon prin procese de reducere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Structuri adaptate procesu lui de guta\u021bie sunt :", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. stomate le ", + "B. cuticule ", + "C. lenticele ", + "D. hidatode le " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Speciile a sociate \u00een urm\u0103toarele variante , cu moduri fundamentale de nutri\u021bie diferite , sunt :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Helycobacter pylori \u2013 Mycoderma aceti ", + "B. Mucor mucedo \u2013 Streptococcus lactis ", + "C. Valeriana officinalis \u2013 Orobanche minor ", + "D. Lactobacillus bulgaricus \u2013 Bacillus thuringiensis " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor mamiferelor aerul inspirat parcurge , \u00een ordine , urm\u0103torul traseu:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. cavitate nazal\u0103, faringe, laringe, trahee, bronhii, bronhiole, acini pulmonari ", + "B. bronhii principale, bronhii segmentare, bronhii lobare, bronhiole, acini pulmonari ", + "C. bronhii lobare, bronhii segmentare, bronhiole lobulare, acini pulmonari ", + "D. bronhii lobare, bronhiole lobulare, bronhiole segmentare, acini pulmonari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul inspira\u021biei normale a mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. diafragmul coboar\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103re\u0219te dia metrul antero -posterior al cutiei toracice ", + "B. presiunea aerului la nivelul alveolelor pulmonare scade ", + "C. prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor intercostali interni cre\u0219te volumul cutiei toracice ", + "D. volumul pulmonar cre\u0219te cu: C.P.T. \u2013 (V.R. + V.C. + V.E.R.) " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Circula\u021bia sevei \u00een tuburile ciuruite spre deosebire de cea din vasele lemnoase se realizeaz\u0103 cu vitez\u0103 mai mic\u0103 deoarece:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. necesit\u0103 energie produs\u0103 prin reac\u021bii de hidroliz\u0103 a glucozei ", + "B. celulele din structura vaselor liberiene au pere\u021bi ornamenta \u021bi ", + "C. permeabilitatea pere\u021bilor celulari pentru substan\u021bele organice este mai mare ", + "D. celulele tuburilor ciuruite sunt vii \u0219i con\u021bin citoplasm\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Ficatul \u0219i pancreasul:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. sunt glande exocrine anexe ale sistemului digestiv ", + "B. elimin\u0103 sucuri digestive \u00een prima por\u021biune liber\u0103 a intestinului sub\u021bire ", + "C. particip\u0103 la digestie prin procese fizice \u0219i chimice din care rezult\u0103 ap\u0103 ", + "D. sunt conectate func\u021bional prin vena port\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele glandulare ale plantelor de piersic secret\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 ", + "B. nectar ", + "C. latex ", + "D. amidon " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Chemosinteza spre deosebire de fotosintez\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. este realizat\u0103 de toate organismele unicelulare ", + "B. presupune transformarea energiei luminoase \u00een energie chimic\u0103 ", + "C. caracterizeaz\u0103 organismele autotrofe din ecosisteme ", + "D. utilizeaz\u0103 energie rezultat\u0103 , de regul\u0103, din oxidarea unor substan\u021be din medi u " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mycoderma aceti:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. transform\u0103 aerob alcoolul etilic \u00een acid acetic ", + "B. mineralizeaz\u0103 resturile anorganice din sol ", + "C. se poate hr\u0103ni cu substan\u021be organice variate ", + "D. produce antibiotice pentru \u00eenl\u0103turarea concuren\u021bei " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul coacerii:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. frunzele se deshidrateaz\u0103 ac tiv chiar dac\u0103 mediul este umed ", + "B. frunzele de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie respir\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens dec\u00e2t \u00een perioada cre\u0219terii boabelor ", + "C. fructele re\u021bin activ apa \u00een orice condi\u021bii de umiditate ", + "D. semin\u021bele se hidrateaz\u0103 mai intens \u00een mediu uscat datorit\u0103 programului genetic " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Acidul lactic este:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. utilizat \u00een industria alcoolului ", + "B. un bun conservant ", + "C. rezultat al descompunerii aerobe a glucozei ", + "D. un produs final de digestie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Disc oral \u0219i din\u021bi corno\u0219i au:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. pe\u0219tii r\u0103pitori ", + "B. ciclostomii 3 ", + " C. broa\u0219tele \u021bestoase ", + "D. amfibienii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Respira\u021bia anaerob\u0103 spre deosebire de cea aerob\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. apare la plantele superioare ", + "B. este o oxidare incomplet\u0103 ", + "C. produce o cantitate mai mare de energie ", + "D. are loc \u00een mitocondrii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Simbioze se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. alge ro\u0219ii \u0219i ciuperci ", + "B. brad \u0219i cianobacterii ", + "C. bacterii \u0219i mamifere ", + "D. orhidee \u0219i bact erii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Acizii gra\u0219i \u0219i monogliceridele:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. pot rezulta printr -o hidroliz\u0103 incomplet\u0103 ", + "B. sunt produ\u0219i finali ai digestiei bucale ", + "C. rezult\u0103 din reac\u021bii catalizate amilolitc ", + "D. sunt substan\u021be de natur\u0103 glucidic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Lizozomii la protozoare:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. fuzioneaz\u0103 cu vacuola digestiv\u0103 ", + "B. diger\u0103 substan\u021be cu ajutorul enzimelor mitocondriale ", + "C. \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 particule solide prin pinocitoz\u0103 ", + "D. con\u021bin biocatalizatori nespecializa\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Oxigenul produs de plantele autotrofe rezult\u0103 din:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. ap\u0103 ", + "B. clorofil\u0103 ", + "C. s\u0103ruri minerale ", + "D. dioxidul de carbon " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Nutri\u021bia mixotrof\u0103 :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. este un mod fundamental de nutri\u021bie ", + "B. caracterizeaz\u0103 doar organismelor autotrofe ", + "C. poate implica specii autotrofe \u0219i heterotrofe ", + "D. este un tip de parazitism la animale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Enzim\u0103 proteolitic\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. carboxipeptidaza gastric\u0103 ", + "B. galactoza intestinal\u0103 ", + "C. elastaza pancreat ic\u0103 ", + "D. colagenaza hepatic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura primar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii spre deosebire de cea a tulpinii, la nivelul cilindrului central, se poate observa:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. un cambiu subero -felodermic cu a\u0219ezare circular\u0103 ", + "B. dispozi\u021bia alternant\u0103 a lemnului \u0219i liberului primar ", + "C. endoderm\u0103 li psit\u0103 de func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie ", + "D. un num\u0103r mare de lenticele cu rol \u00een excre\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Frunzele din mijlocul c\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nii de varz\u0103 se decoloreaz\u0103 din cauza:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. deficitului de dioxid de carbon din \u021besutul lacunar ", + "B. absen\u021bei pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori de tip carotenoid din frunz e ", + "C. condi\u021bion\u0103rii procesului de sintez\u0103 a clorofilei de prezen\u021ba luminii ", + "D. absen\u021bei \u021besutului palisadic din frunzele ce formeaz\u0103 miezul c\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fosele nazale:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. sunt c\u0103ptu\u0219ite de un epiteliu pseudostratificat ", + "B. con\u021bin celule epiteliale cu rol senzorial olfact iv, tactil, termic ", + "C. sunt lipsite de o comunicare direct\u0103 cu faringele, la pe\u0219ti ", + "D. comunic\u0103 cu urechea intern\u0103, prin trompa lui Eustachio, la amfibieni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Stomatele :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. r\u0103m\u00e2n deschise \u00een frunzel e ofilite ale plantelor ", + "B. sunt \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu spa\u021biile cu aer ale \u021besutului lacunar ", + "C. con\u021bin o cantitate invariabil\u0103 de substan\u021be organice ", + "D. sunt mai numeroase la plantele xerofite " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele musculare din structura colonului se deosebesc de cele din structura faringelui prin:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. prezen\u021ba miofibrilelor ", + "B. dispozi\u021bia periferic\u0103 a nucle ilor ", + "C. aspectul lor microscopic ", + "D. faptul c\u0103 dezvolt\u0103 o for\u021b\u0103 de trac\u021biune " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile fiziologice corecte implicate \u00een asigurarea pozi\u021biei corpului \u0219i \u00een realizar ea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. nucleii senzitivi vestibulari \u2013 arhicerebel ", + "2. mugurii gustativi - girul postcentral al scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", + "3. creste ampulare \u2013 nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral ", + "4. nuclei senzitivi olfactivi \u2013 paleocerebel " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen controlarea tonusului muscular al vertebratelor sunt implicate urm\u0103toarele componente ale sistemului nervos central:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. corpii stria\u021bi , subordona\u021bi scoar\u021bei cerebrale, \u00een cazul mamiferelor ", + "2. nucleul ro\u0219u, doar pentru vertebratele cu ureche extern\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103 ", + "3. mielencefalul, \u00een cazul vertebratelor homeoterme ", + "4. neocer ebelul metencefalic , \u00een cazul tuturor vertebratelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele senzoriale ale maculelor, spre deosebire de cele din structura crestelor ampulare:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103ri ale otoli\u021bilor \u00een creasta ge latinoas\u0103 ", + "2. recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 informa\u021bii care se transmit c\u0103tre lobul cerebelos comun tuturor vertebratelor ", + "3. pot fi stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale capului \u0219i corpului ", + "4. sunt localizate la pe\u0219ti \u00een componenta urechii interne care con\u021bine \u0219i receptori auditivi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Dispozitivul de amplificare al urechii medii \u00een cazul vertebratelor cu respira\u021bie dubl\u0103, pulmonar\u0103 \u0219i cutanee, cuprinde :", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. timpan ", + "2. membrana ferestrei ovale ", + "3. columel\u0103 ", + "4. membrana ferestrei rotunde " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Irigarea unei culturi de plante se poate impune \u00een urm\u0103toarele s itua\u021bii , c\u00e2nd :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune are valoare maxim\u0103 ", + "2. temperatura este crescut\u0103 \u0219i aerul uscat ", + "3. volumul vacuolar \u0219i turgescen\u021ba celular\u0103 scad ", + "4. spa\u021biile intercelulare din mezofil cresc " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Arcurile reflexe ale mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de flexie \u0219i extensie a membrelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin un neuron somatosenzitiv \u0219i un neuron somatomotor ai c\u0103ror axoni intr\u0103 \u00een structura nervilor spinali ", + "2. sunt provocate de stimularea proprioceptorilor \u0219i a chemore ceptorilor din mu\u0219chiul scheletic ", + "3. preiau informa\u021biile de la receptori prin intermediul dendritelor neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", + "4. determin\u0103 un r\u0103spuns motor con\u0219tient \u0219i voluntar datorit\u0103 centrilor reflec\u0219i parietali direct implica\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Sucul pancreatic \u0219i intestinal prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comun e:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin mucus \u0219i bicarbonat de natriu ", + "2. au un pH alcalin care favorizeaz\u0103 digestia chimic\u0103 ", + "3. au \u00een compozi\u021bia lor enzim e lipolitice dependente de s\u0103rurile biliare ", + "4. con\u021bin enzime proteolitice inactive secretate de glande anexe ale tubului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Diencefal ul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. cei mai volumino\u0219i nuclei primesc informa\u021bii tactile, termice, olfactive \u0219i gustative ", + "2. nucleii situa\u021bi ventral intervin \u00een termoreglare la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", + "3. conexiunea, \u00een plan dorsal , cu glanda endocrin\u0103 hipofiza ", + "4. participarea la realizarea func\u021biilor vegetative, senzitive \u0219i de reglare a comportamentului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura inimii sunt prezente:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. celule musculare, cu proprietatea de generare ritmic\u0103 a impulsurilor ", + "2. musculatura striat\u0103 , mai dezvoltat \u0103 \u00een compartimentul de origine al ci rcula\u021biei sistemice ", + "3. epitelii sub\u021biri , cu rol de protec\u021bie , \u00eenso\u021bite de \u021besut conjunctiv lax ", + "4. mu\u0219chi papila ri pe fa\u021ba intern\u0103 a ventriculelor, conecta\u021bi cu cordaje tendinoase " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fumatul este un factor favorizant al:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. aterosclerozei ", + "2. gastritei ", + "3. infarctului miocard ic ", + "4. tulbur\u0103rilor de memorie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Compar\u00e2nd \u021besuturile moarte rezultate din activitatea meristemelor laterale, stabili\u021bi caracteristici le comune:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. sunt caracteristice \u0219i structurii primare ", + "2. particip\u0103 la func\u021bia de rezisten\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. sunt localizate la nivelul scoar\u021bei ", + "4. au celule cu pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Reptilele sunt superioare amfibienilor deoarece:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eentre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i intestinul gros exist\u0103 o diferen\u021biere net\u0103 ", + "2. acomodarea ochiului pentru vederea la distan\u021b\u0103 se poate realiza \u0219i prin mod ificarea curburii cris talinului ", + "3. activitate a nervoas\u0103 este controlat\u0103 dominant de la nivel telencefalic ", + "4. nefronii rinichilor de tip metanefros se perfec\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin apari\u021bia capsulei Bowmann " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Defectele de vedere cauzate de modific\u0103ri ale sistemului optic al globului ocular se c aracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. hipermetropia \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile convergente care m\u0103resc puterea de refrac\u021bie ", + "2. strabismul \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 prin interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 sau cu ochelari ", + "3. astigmatismul \u2013 focalizarea incorect\u0103 a luminii, se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile cil indrice ", + "4. miopia \u2013 este cauzat\u0103 de alungirea globului ocular sau de refrac\u021bia exagerat\u0103 a lentilei divergente a acestuia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Prin fotosintez\u0103 se formeaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. proteine \u0219i glucide ", + "2. dioxid de carbon \u0219i ap\u0103 ", + "3. ATP \u0219i oxigen ", + "4. lipide \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Lactoza este:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. un glu cid ", + "2. o enzim\u0103 ", + "3. un dizaharid ", + "4. o dizaharidaz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Celule care redob\u00e2ndesc capacitate a de diviziune se afl\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. meristemele secundare ", + "2. cambiul subero -felodermic ", + "3. meristemele laterale ", + "4. cambiul libero -lemnos " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul cortical erectil \u0219i colenchimul sunt prezente \u00een stru ctura frunzelor de :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Hepatica sp. ", + "2. Oxalis acetose lla ", + "3. Brassica napus ", + "4. Mimosa sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Clorofila este prezent\u0103 la :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Lathraea squamaria ", + "2. Laboulbenia bayeri 6 ", + " 3. Orobanche minor ", + "4. Ginkgo biloba " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesuturile mecanice:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. dau rezisten\u021b\u0103 organelor plantei ", + "2. sus\u021bin greutatea propriului corp ", + "3. sunt colenchim uri \u0219i sclerenchimuri ", + "4. se g\u0103sesc \u00een nervuri ale frunzelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Fagocitoz\u0103 realizeaz\u0103 unele:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. leucocite ", + "2. celule gliale ", + "3. protozoare ", + "4. celule nervoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Mamiferele ierbivore:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. au stomac foarte \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103tor ", + "2. consum\u0103 hran\u0103 s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be nutritive ", + "3. realizeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 m\u0103run\u021bire a hranei vegetale ", + "4. au molari rotunji\u021bi care strivesc hrana " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Plantele adaptate la umbr\u0103 spre deosebire de cele iubitoare de lumin\u0103:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. au platoul maxim al fotosintezei mai cobor\u00e2t ", + "2. con\u021bin cloroplaste mai mari \u00een frunze ", + "3. au frunze mai sub\u021b iri \u0219i mai mult\u0103 clorofil\u0103 ", + "4. produc mai multe substan\u021be organice pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219te iluminarea " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Produc\u0103tori pot fi considera\u021bi:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. lupoaia \u0219i muma -p\u0103durii ", + "2. sulfo - \u0219i ferobacteriile ", + "3. v\u00e2scul \u0219i cuscuta ", + "4. gr\u00e2ul \u0219i dracila " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Bacterioz\u0103 este:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. antraxul ", + "2. leptospiroza ", + "3. salm oneloza ", + "4. tricofi\u021bia " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Biomasa:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. rezult\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 ", + "2. se poate fosiliza ", + "3. furnizeaz\u0103 hrana ", + "4. stocheaz\u0103 energie " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Celule uninucleate sunt:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. celulele cartilaginoase ", + "2. eritrocitele p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", + "3. celulele Schwann ", + "4. fibrele musculare striate " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Saprofitele:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. igienizeaz\u0103 mediul natural ", + "2. pot descompune poluan\u021bi ", + "3. mineralizeaz\u0103 resturile organice ", + "4. produc chemoautotrof substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Medii bogate \u00een hidrogen sulfurat, exist\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. unele ape st\u0103t\u0103toare ", + "2. Marea Neagr\u0103 ", + "3. unele pe\u0219teri ", + "4. zona vulcanilor submarini " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea/asocieri le corecte:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. \u021besut acvifer -plante acvatice ", + "2. \u021besut colenchimatic -nervurile frunzelor ", + "3. \u021besut aerifer -plante din de\u0219ert ", + "4. \u021besut de depozitare a amidonului -tubercul de cartof " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul butonului terminal se g\u0103sesc:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. mitocondrii ", + "2. proteine neuroreceptoare ", + "3. vezicule si naptice ", + "4. corpusculi Nissl " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2014" + }, + { + "question": "Pigmen\u0163ii asimilatori:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sunt plasa\u021bi pe membrana extern\u0103, tilacoidal\u0103, a cloroplastului ", + "B. emit prin fluorescen\u021b\u0103 lumin\u0103 de culoare verde ", + "C. sunt asocia\u021bi cu alte substan\u021be, mai ales proteine ", + "D. transfer\u0103 energia chimic\u0103 a oxigenului pus \u00een libertate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bronhiile mamiferelor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. formarea sacilor alveolari \u00een regiunea lor terminal\u0103 \u0219i \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", + "B. existen\u021ba , \u00een pere\u021bi , a unui \u021besut conjunctiv lipsit de vasculariza\u021bie ", + "C. asocierea cu capilare la nivelul c\u0103rora are loc oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui ", + "D. predominan\u021ba \u021besutului muscular striat \u00een structura pere\u021bilor lor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Produsul de secre\u021bie al hepatocitelor con\u021bine :", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. mucus cu rol \u00een transformarea con\u021binutului gastric acid \u00eentr -unul bazic ", + "B. s\u0103ruri biliare care activeaz\u0103 lipazele gastrice \u0219i emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele ", + "C. lecitin\u0103 \u0219i colesterol care favorizeaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia glicogenului \u0219i a acizilor gra\u0219i ", + "D. substan\u021be rezultate din degradarea hem oglobinei care dau culoare caracteristic\u0103 urinei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Laringita se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. vorbire r\u0103gu\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i spasme ale bronhiilor ", + "B. dureri la \u00eenghi\u021bire \u0219i modific\u0103ri ale respira\u021biei ", + "C. dureri de cap \u0219i tuse cu expectora\u021bii ", + "D. senza\u021bie de arsur\u0103 \u00een g\u00e2t \u0219i tuse seac\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Miopia poate s\u0103 fie :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. corectat\u0103 cu ajutorul lentilelor biconcave, convergente ", + "B. determinat\u0103 de sc\u0103derea puterii de refrac\u0163ie a cristalinului ", + "C. provocat \u0103 de un defect structural, uneori ereditar, al globului ocular ", + "D. indus\u0103 c\u00e2nd axele optice nu mai sunt proiectate paralel pe retin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Ganglionul spinal este alc\u0103tuit din neuroni :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. conecta\u021bi prin axoni cu pr oprioceptorii din mu\u0219chiul scheletic ", + "B. care prezint\u0103 prelungiri ce formeaz\u0103 ramurile motorii ale nervului spinal ", + "C. ale c\u0103ror dendrite particip\u0103 la formarea trunchi ului nervului spinal ", + "D. ai c\u0103ror axoni \u0219i dendrite formeaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Guta\u0163ia:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. const\u0103 \u00een eliminarea a 1/10 din vapori i de ap\u0103 la nivelul frunzei prin cuticul\u0103 ", + "B. este suplinit\u0103 de tra nspira\u021bie \u00een condi\u021bii de secet\u0103 \u0219i temperatur\u0103 crescut\u0103 ", + "C. contribuie, al\u0103turi de transpira\u021bie, la transportul apei \u00een corpul plantelor ", + "D. se realizeaz\u0103 , prin hidatode , la plantele xerofite , dac\u0103 este exces de ap\u0103 \u00een sol " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Arcul reflexului rotulian :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. poate s\u0103 fie produs prin stimularea mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps femural ", + "B. antreneaz\u0103 mai mul\u021bi neuroni de asocia\u021bie de la nivelul m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", + "C. este un reflex de ap\u0103 rare, realizat prin retragerea unui segment al corpului ", + "D. are neuronul senzitiv situat \u00een ganglionul de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina posterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Rinichiul mamiferelor prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. piramide le renale cu v\u00e2rful spre cortical\u0103 \u0219i cu baza spre pelvisul renal ", + "B. o zon\u0103 cortical\u0103 cu aspect striat \u0219i una medular\u0103 cu aspect granular ", + "C. o p\u00e2l nie membranoas\u0103 a l c\u0103rei v\u00e2rf se continu\u0103 cu ureterul ", + "D. nefron cu p\u00e2lnie cilat\u0103 \u0219i cu p ere\u021bi dubli care ad\u0103poste\u0219te un glomerul " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Butonul terminal al neuronului motor :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. este zona de comunicare cu celule le musculare sau glandulare ", + "B. con\u0163ine mitocondrii \u0219i su bstan\u021be chimice neuroreceptoare ", + "C. transmite impulsul nervos spre neuronii de asocia\u021bie medulari ", + "D. elibereaz\u0103 mediatorul chimic \u00een spa\u021biul presinaptic " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Despre cerebel se poate afirma c\u0103 , la:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. toate vertebratele se formeaz\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a metencefalului ", + "B. p\u0103s\u0103ri , paleocer ebelul atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 ", + "C. mamifere , arhicer ebelul este conectat cu nucleii din puntea lui Varolio ", + "D. ciclostomi , prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii din lagen\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La amfibieni:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. vena cutanee se drene az\u0103 \u00een venele pulmonare ", + "B. mezencefalul prezint\u0103, ventral, doi lobi optici volumino\u0219i ", + "C. urechea medie este sub f orma unei pungi esofagiane , laterale ", + "D. intestinul sub\u021bire continu\u0103 cu cel gros care se deschide \u00een cloac\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Meristemele laterale:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 celule aflate \u00een diferite faze ale meiozei ", + "B. deriv\u0103 din meristemele primordiale ale embrionului ", + "C. asigur\u0103 , la planta adult\u0103, formarea meristemelor secundare ", + "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u021be organice , la nivel celular " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Circula\u021bia sevei elaborate prin corpul plantei :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. este mai rapid\u0103, \u00een general, comparativ cu ascensiunea sevei brute ", + "B. se desf\u0103\u015foa r\u0103 prin celule vii ale traheelor bogat ornamentate ale angiospermelor ", + "C. poate circula \u00een ambele sensuri, pasiv sau activ, consum\u00e2nd energie ", + "D. se poate eviden\u021bia , vara , prin \u00eengro\u0219area l\u0103starului deasupra unei zone decorticate inelar " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mezonefrosul:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. este tipul de rinichi al amfibienilor \u0219i reptilel or ", + "B. produce o urin\u0103 foarte diluat\u0103 la pe\u0219tii de ap\u0103 dulce ", + "C. con\u021bine nefroni numero\u0219i \u0219i foarte perfec\u021biona\u021bi ", + "D. realizeaz\u0103 recuperarea apei \u00een cloac\u0103 la \u0219erpi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Atriul st\u00e2ng la mamifere:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. este c\u0103ptu\u015fit de un epiteliu foarte sub\u021bire numit epicard ", + "B. ancoreaz\u0103 prin cordaje tendinoase valvula atrio -ventricular\u0103 ", + "C. prime\u015fte s\u00e2ngele oxigenat prin arterele pulmonare ", + "D. are un perete muscular sub\u021bire \u0219i prezin t\u0103 cinci orificii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Arterele coronare :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. se desprind din c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i din cea dreapt\u0103 la mamifere ", + "B. apar\u021bin circula\u021biei mici a s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 inima cu substan\u021be nutritive \u0219i oxigen ", + "C. pot fi astupate de cheaguri de s\u00e2nge av\u00e2nd drept consecin\u021b\u0103 necrozarea \u021besutului cardiac ", + "D. transport\u0103 o cantitate mai m are de s\u00e2nge neoxigenat \u00een st\u0103ri de r\u0103ceal\u0103 pronun\u021bat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile nitrificatoare utili zeaz\u0103 energia rezultat\u0103 din :", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. oxidarea unor nit ri\u021bi ", + "B. oxidarea HNO 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la HNO 2 ", + "C. reducerea amoniacului la HNO 3 ", + "D. reducerea azotului molecular la NH 3 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt structuri avasculare:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. tendoanele mu\u0219chilor ", + "B. \u021besutul osos compact ", + "C. discurile intervertebrale ", + "D. \u021besutul conjunctiv reticulat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mecanonastiile:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. pot fi observate la florile de Mimosa sp . ", + "B. sunt independente de intensitatea stimulului ", + "C. pot fi observate la foliolele de Oxalis acetosella ", + "D. sunt condi\u021bionate de direc\u0163ia de ac\u021biune a excitantului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Haustorii la Lathraea squamaria preiau :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u021be organice din planta parazit\u0103 ", + "B. sev\u0103 brut\u0103 din vasele liberiene ale gazdei ", + "C. ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale din ramur ile arborilor ", + "D. substan\u0163e nutritive din vas ele conduc\u0103toare ale gazdei " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Zaharaza este :", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. o oligopeptidaz\u0103 intestinal\u0103 ", + "B. o enzim\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 ", + "C. un di zaharid din sfecl\u0103 ", + "D. un biocatalizator " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cenchiderea ostiolelor este determina t\u0103 de cre\u0219terea :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. concentra\u0163iei de substan\u0163e organice \u00een celulele stomatice ", + "B. gradului de v\u00e2scozitate a citoplasmei din celulele plantei ", + "C. concentra\u021biei de CO 2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2% \u00een aerul atmosferic ", + "D. cantit\u0103\u021bii de ap\u0103 eliminate prin hidatodele hidrofitelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Precipitarea oxala\u021bi lor poate s\u0103 fie o cauz\u0103 pentru :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. ateroscleroz\u0103 ", + "B. toxiinfec\u021bii alimentare ", + "C. litiaza urinar\u0103 ", + "D. paralizii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Caracter istic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 a leucocitelor este faptul c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. sunt celule nucleate ", + "B. au forme diferite ", + "C. recunosc antigene ", + "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i limf\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La pe\u0219ti :", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. urechea intern\u0103 prime\u0219te sunetele prin intermediul columelei ", + "B. cristalinul este sferic, ela stic \u0219i ancorat prin mu\u0219chii retractori de coroid\u0103 ", + "C. talamusul dirijeaz\u0103 impulsurile senzitive spre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 ", + "D. mezencefalul prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii liniei la terale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii ve getativi din trunchiul cerebral :", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 mic\u021biunea \u0219i defeca\u021bia ", + "B. sunt centrii unor reflexe programate gen etic ", + "C. primesc impulsuri de la proprioceptori ", + "D. comand\u0103 mi\u015fc\u0103ri ale limbii \u0219i faringelui " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Exoderma este :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. generat\u0103 de celulele meristemelor primordiale ", + "B. format\u0103 din celule specializate care nu se mai divid ", + "C. specializat\u0103 pentru a prelua toate func\u021biile rizodermei ", + "D. alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din celule cu func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie pe toat\u0103 lungimea r\u0103d\u0103cinii " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La plante, t emperatura peste valoarea optim\u0103 \u0219i deficitul de ap\u0103 din sol :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. modific\u0103 structura cloroplastelor prin alterarea enzimelor hidrolitice implicate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", + "B. determin\u0103 \u00eenchiderea ostiolei stomatelor \u0219i mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare ale frunzei ", + "C. scad v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei din celule , limit\u00e2ndu -se circula\u021bia gazelor la nivelul frunzei ", + "D. \u00eencetinesc circula\u021bia intracelular\u0103 a moleculelor ne cesare func\u021biilor celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii, for\u021ba de suc\u021biune este:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. mai mare \u00een celulele periciclului fa\u021b\u0103 de c ele ale m\u0103duvei ", + "B. mai mic\u0103 \u00een celulele exodermei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale rizodermei ", + "C. mai mare \u00een celulele exodermei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale endodermei ", + "D. mai mic\u0103 \u00een celulele scoar\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale periciclului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Bacterii care transform\u0103 glucoza printr -un proces care are importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een prepararea mur\u0103turilor sunt :", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ", + "2. Mycoderma aceti ", + "3. Streptococcus lactis ", + "4. Saccharomyce s sp. " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "At\u00e2t la p\u0103s\u0103ri c\u00e2t \u0219i la reptile:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 dreapt\u0103 porne\u0219te din ventriculul st\u00e2ng ", + "2. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt situa\u021bi dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de coloana vertebral \u0103 ", + "3. sistemul digestiv are un plan unic de organizare ", + "4. celulele produc suficient\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 pentru men\u021binerea homeotermiei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La pe\u0219tii de ap\u0103 dulce presiunea osmotic\u0103 a mediului intern determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. intensificarea proceselor de recuperare a apei din urina primar\u0103 ", + "2. producere a de urin\u0103 , sub form\u0103 de cristale , care se elimin\u0103 odat\u0103 cu materiile fecale ", + "3. formarea de urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 la o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a apei ", + "4. p\u0103trunderea apei din mediul extern dulcicol \u00een s\u00e2nge , la nivel branhial " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Animalele cu vedere monocular\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. pot privi acela\u0219i obiect simultan cu cei doi ochi ", + "2. au vedere stereoscopic\u0103 ", + "3. apreciaz\u0103 bine distan\u021bele \u0219i formele obiectelor ", + "4. au un c\u00e2mp vizual foarte larg " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Mucoasa cavit\u0103\u021bii nazale con\u021bine celule :", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. chemosensibile de natur\u0103 nervoas\u0103 ", + "2. mitrale, senzoriale, de natur\u0103 epitelial\u0103 ", + "3. cu rol \u00een condi\u021bionarea aerului ", + "4. multipolare , cu dendrite transformate \u00een cili " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Meristemele secundare:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. pot genera \u021besuturi cu rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", + "2. sunt situate concentric \u00een interiorul axului organelor ", + "3. pot forma celule cu pere\u021bi impermeabili ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 din activitatea meristemul ui apical " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 la homeoterme presupune :", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. mi\u0219c\u0103ri ale plan\u0219eului bucal , la amfibieni ", + "2. dubl\u0103 trecere a aerului prin pl\u0103m\u00e2ni , la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", + "3. inspira\u021bie activ\u0103 , la reptile terestre \u0219i acvatice ", + "4. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor expiratori \u00een timpul marilor eforturi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Limitarea pierderii apei din \u021besuturile vegetale se datoreaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. defolierii sezoniere, la multe plante din zona temperat\u0103 ", + "2. form\u0103rii perilor epidermici ce re\u021bin vapori de ap\u0103 ", + "3. r\u0103sucirii frunzelor \u00een timpul perioadelor secetoase ", + "4. reducerii dimensiunii frunzelor la xerofite " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cristalinul mamiferelor :", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. este o lentil\u0103 covergent\u0103 , parte a sistemului optic ", + "2. se bombeaz\u0103 pentru vederea unui obiect la distan\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma sub ac\u021biunea mu\u0219chi lor ciliari ", + "4. se turte\u0219te pentru vederea unui obiect mai apropiat " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Lagena:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine receptorul auditiv la pe\u0219ti ", + "2. este foarte alungit\u0103 la reptile ", + "3. prezint\u0103 papila bazilar\u0103 la amfibieni ", + "4. formeaz\u0103 melcul, cu rol \u00een amplificarea sunetelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Dintre receptorii tegumentari fac parte corpusculii:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Meissner ", + "2. Krausse ", + "3. Paccini ", + "4. Ruffini " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 se depun \u00een:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. rizomul de p\u0103l\u0103mid\u0103 ", + "2. bulbul de ghiocel ", + "3. rizomul de m\u0103 rg\u0103ritar ", + "4. r\u0103d\u0103cini le de ment\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Saprofitele:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. pot transforma acidul acetic \u00een alcool etilic ", + "2. absorb substan\u021bele organice dizolvate \u00een ap\u0103 ", + "3. descompun molecule mari solubile \u00een molecule mici insolubile ", + "4. contribuie la igienizarea mediului , prin descompunerea cadavrelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie organizat\u0103 \u00een nuclei exist\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. telencefal ", + "2. diencefal ", + "3. mielencefal ", + "4. metencefal " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Boala Parkinson se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. mers rigid cu pa\u0219i mici \u0219i cu corpul aplecat \u00eenainte ", + "2. tremur\u0103turi ale membrelor inferioare ", + "3. degenerarea sistemului nervos extrapirami dal ", + "4. rigiditate muscular\u0103 pe anumite grupe de mu\u0219chi " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi structura/structurile care au ca func\u021bii principale reglarea unor activit\u0103\u021bi motorii :", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. corpii stria\u021bi ", + "2. arhicereb elul ", + "3. nucleul ro\u0219u ", + "4. talamusul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Performan\u021bele scoar\u021bei cerebrale:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. sunt corelate cu complexitatea structural\u0103 a acesteia ", + "2. se exprim\u0103 prin complexitatea comportamentelor ", + "3. sunt determinate de num\u0103rul foarte mare de sinapse corticale ", + "4. se coreleaz\u0103 numai cu volumul scoar\u021bei cerebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii vegetativi ai hipotalamusului controleaz\u0103 :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. comportame ntul alimentar ", + "2. manifest\u0103ri legate de emo\u021bii ", + "3. compozi\u021bia mediului intern ", + "4. metabolismul organismului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Inflama\u021bia sau leziunea unui nerv poate ap\u0103rea din cauza:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. infec\u021biilor ", + "2. tumorilor ", + "3. traumatismelor ", + "4. alcoolismului " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centoarcerea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een atrii este favorizat\u0103 , pentru venele de sub nivelul inimii , de c\u0103tre :", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui din capilare ", + "2. contrac\u021bia musculaturii scheletice a corpului ", + "3. sistola ventriculului drept ", + "4. valvulele de pe traiectul venelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor minerale de c\u0103tre plante:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe activitatea pompelor ionice ", + "2. poate fi un proces activ/pasiv ", + "3. se poate realiza prin difuziune ", + "4. se realizeaz\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Hematiile:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. sunt fragmente celulare anucleate ", + "2. transport\u0103 gazele respiratorii \u00een stare dizolvat\u0103 ", + "3. se g\u0103sesc \u00een toate lichidele mediului intern ", + "4. \u00ee\u0219i realizeaz\u0103 func\u021bia cu ajut orul unei proteine ce con\u021bine fier " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Lichidul intersti\u021bial:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. circul\u0103 mai lent dec\u00e2t s\u00e2ngele ", + "2. este recuperat de vasele limfatice ", + "3. are contact direct cu celulele ", + "4. circul\u0103 prin vase cu ganglioni pe traseu " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Simbioze se realizea z\u0103 \u00eentre :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. unele ciuperci \u0219i unele specii de arbori ", + "2. unele ciuperci \u0219i unele alge unicelulare verzi ", + "3. unele plante superioare \u0219i bacteriile fixatoare de azot ", + "4. unele plante semiparazite \u0219i unele plante superioare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "La mamifere, m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. este protejat\u0103 \u0219i hr\u0103nit\u0103 de sistemul meningeal ", + "2. are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu encefalul p rin fascicule de axoni ", + "3. con\u021bine centri nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe monosinaptice ", + "4. este centrul reflexului vegetativ de flexie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Prin digestie intracelular \u0103:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. unele celule \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite, fagocitate de leucocite sunt hidrolizate ", + "2. protozoarele, spongierii, celenteratele \u0219i mamiferele se hr\u0103nesc ", + "3. substan\u021bele nutritive sunt hidrolizate cu ajutorul enzimelor lizozomale ", + "4. vacuolele digestive dezvolt\u0103 noi structuri celulare \u00een procesul de metamorfoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Spre deosebire de scl erenchimuri , colenchimurile :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. dau rezisten\u021b\u0103 organelor , la ac\u021biunea unor for\u021be ", + "2. sunt \u021besuturi definitive cu celule specializate ", + "3. rezult\u0103 din activitatea meristemelor secundare ", + "4. au pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi neuniform " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Modalit\u0103\u021bi de pliere a suprafe\u021bei muco asei intestinale:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. microvilozit\u0103\u021bile celulelor intestinale ", + "2. vilozit\u0103\u021bile intestinale ", + "3. valvulele conivente ", + "4. ansele intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen fermenta\u021bia acetic\u0103:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. sunt implicate bacterii unicelulare ", + "2. se \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 energia ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00een ATP ", + "3. au loc reactii chimice cu importan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103 ", + "4. se realizeaz\u0103 consum de substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "R\u0103d\u0103cinile au, de regul\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. fototropism pozitiv ", + "2. chimiotropism pozitiv ", + "3. hidrotropism negativ ", + "4. geotropism pozitiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2015" + }, + { + "question": "Cele dou\u0103 tipuri de meristem secundar din structura organelor vegetale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele asem\u0103n\u0103ri:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u021bierea celulelor \u021besuturilor definitive ", + "B. genereaz\u0103 \u021besuturi specializate metabolic diferite ", + "C. sunt \u021besuturi active la nivelul scoar\u021bei \u0219i cilindrului central ", + "D. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ciclic , prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna , gener\u00e2nd inele anuale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 pentru sistemul digestiv al\u0103turat:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. intestinul gros - 9 se termin\u0103 cu rectul - 10 ", + "B. componentul 4 este c\u0103ptu\u0219it de o membran\u0103 cornoas\u0103 ", + "C. \u00een componentele 3 \u0219i 5 se realizea z\u0103 procese de digestie fizic\u0103 ", + "D. componentele 2, 3, 4 \u0219i 7 au rol \u00een digestia " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Animalul al c\u0103rui tub digestiv poate fi reprezentat schematic astfel este:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. c\u00e2inele ", + "B. iepurele ", + "C. oaia ", + "D. omul " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul digestiei intestinale:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. bila hidrolizeaz\u0103 lipidele \u00ee n pic\u0103turi mai mici ", + "B. HCl activeaz\u0103 enzimele proteolitice ", + "C. amilaza pancreatic\u0103 descompune maltoza ", + "D. oligopeptidazele scindeaz\u0103 grupurile de 2 -4 aminoacizi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Helycobacter pylori :", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. este un organism procariot rezistent la pH acid ", + "B. are o nutri\u021bie heterotrof\u0103 saprofit \u0103 specializat\u0103 ", + "C. determin\u0103 toxiinfec\u021bii alimentare la oameni ", + "D. se multiplic\u0103 \u00een apendicele vermiform " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Constituie o adaptare a tubului digestiv la natura hranei:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. stomacul tetracameral - la cal \u0219i oaie ", + "B. lipsa glandelor salivare - la crap \u0219i caras ", + "C. delimitarea cavi t\u0103\u021bilor bucal\u0103, nazal\u0103 \u0219i faringian\u0103 \u2013 la reptile ", + "D. molarii cu creste \u00eenalte - la mamiferele carnivore " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Organismele parazite produc:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. micoze \u2013 de exemplu, salmoneloza \u0219i giardioza ", + "B. bacterioze - de exemplu, tuberculoza \u0219i pneumonia ", + "C. viroze \u2013 de exemplu, hepatita \u0219i antraxul ", + "D. bacterioze - de exemplu, tricofi\u021bia \u0219i candidoza " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Plantele mixotrofe:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. au haustori cu ajutorul c\u0103rora extrag seva elaborat\u0103 ", + "B. tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii s\u0103race \u00een substan\u021be organice ", + "C. reduc CO 2 pentru a produce substan\u021be organice ", + "D. se asociaz\u0103 form\u00e2nd micori ze \u0219i licheni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pleurele se caracterizeaz\u0103 anatomo -func\u021bional prin:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. c\u0103ptu\u0219esc pl\u0103m\u00e2nii \u0219i ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba cutiei toracice ", + "B. lubrifiantul intrapleural reduce considerabil consumul de energie ", + "C. au structur\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bie similar\u0103 cu cea a pericardului ", + "D. lichidul pl eural reduce semnificativ frecarea \u00eentre pleure \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul pl\u0103m\u00e2nului unui adult se determin\u0103 spirometric aerul expirat dup\u0103 :", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. inspira\u021bii for\u021bate: C.P.T. ", + "B. expira\u021bii normale: minim 2500 ml ", + "C. inspira\u021bii normale: maxim 2000 ml ", + "D. expira\u021bii for\u021bate = C.P.T. \u2013 C.V. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La temperatur\u0103 egal\u0103, constant\u0103, dou\u0103 plante din specii diferite pot respira cu intensitate diferit\u0103 datorit\u0103 influen\u021bei urm\u0103torilor factori interni:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. gradul de hidratare \u0219i concentra\u021bia de oxigen ", + "B. starea fiziologic\u0103 \u0219i concentra\u021bia de dioxid de c arbon ", + "C. programul genetic \u0219i v\u00e2rsta plantelor ", + "D. leziunile organelor \u0219i intensitate a luminii " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de formare a urinei la nivel tubular presupune:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. filtrarea s\u00e2ngelui din capilarele arteriolare rezult\u00e2nd urina primar\u0103 ", + "B. transportul bidirec\u021bional de substan\u021be \u00een tre tubii uriniferi \u0219i capilarele sangvine ", + "C. recuperarea \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 a substan\u021belor utile din urina primar\u0103 ", + "D. \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea urinei primare cu substan\u021be transportate \u00eenspre capilarele tubulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Ce particularit\u0103\u0163i au cavit\u0103\u0163ile inimii:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. nr. 9 - este ventricul localizat la baza inimii ", + "B. nr. 10 \u2013 prime\u0219te s\u00e2ng e bogat \u00een oxigen ", + "C. nr. 11 \u2013 are un num\u0103r de patru orificii vasculare ", + "D. nr. 12 \u2013 are grosimea maxim\u0103 a miocardului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii spinali sunt alc\u0103tui\u0163i din :", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. 1 - r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 situat\u0103 ventral ", + "B. 5 - r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 senzitiv \u0103 ", + "C. 6 - trunchi motor care se desparte \u00een ramuri ", + "D. 8 - face leg\u0103tura cu receptori \u2013 9 \u015fi efectori - 10 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Componenta 1 a nervului spinal, spre deosebire de cea notat\u0103 cu 5:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. este format\u0103 din axonii neuronilor din substan\u0163a cenu\u015fie medular\u0103 ", + "B. con\u0163ine fibre senzit ive \u015fi motorii, somatice \u015fi vegetative ", + "C. este componenta arcului re flex care conecteaz\u0103 receptori cu cent ri nervo\u015fi ", + "D. con\u0163ine axoni ca prelungiri neuronale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pelvisul renal:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. preia urina din calicele mici ale fiec\u0103rui rinichi ", + "B. este o p\u00e2lnie membranoas\u0103 cu intrare \u00een zona hilului renal ", + "C. are v\u00e2rful orientat spre c\u0103ile urinare extrarenale ", + "D. transport\u0103 urina final\u0103 \u00een uretr\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Analiza urinei unui pacient cu calculi renali \u0219i regim lacto -vegetarian indic\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. cre\u0219terea acidit\u0103\u021bii ", + "B. precipitarea oxala\u021bilor ", + "C. precipitarea fosfa\u021bilor ", + "D. precipitarea acidului uric " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La procesul de receptare a stimulilor specifici contribuie:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. receptorii vestibulari (4) - sunt sensibili la vibra\u021bii ", + "B. vibra\u021biile e ndolimfei - deformeaz\u0103 cilii (5) ", + "C. nervul acustico -vestibular (2) - conduce excita\u021biile spre lobul parietal ", + "D. membrana ba zilar\u0103 (3) - se mi\u0219c\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de mem brana " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la speciile A, B, C sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. fiecare realizeaz\u0103 un singur tip de mi\u0219care ", + "B. doar dou\u0103 dintre specii realizeaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri neorientate de tipul geotropismelor ", + "C. doar dou\u0103 dintre specii execut\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bie de varia\u021bia intensit\u0103\u021bii stimulilor ", + "D. fiecare dintre specii poate realiza o mi\u0219care orientat \u0103 \u0219i o mi\u0219care neorientat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Urechea intern\u0103 la mamifere prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. trei macule pentru mi\u0219c\u0103rile capului \u00een raport cu verticala ", + "B. creste ampulare \u00een peretele utriculei \u0219i al saculei ", + "C. un melc membranos delimitat de membrana tectoria ", + "D. receptori acoperi\u021bi de memb ran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu otolite " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Componenta notat\u0103 cu 1 NU are urm\u0103toarea particularitate:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. are doi lobi optici volumino\u015fi situa\u021bi pe partea dorsal\u0103, la pe\u0219ti ", + "B. \u00ee\u0219i pierde pozi\u021bia dominant\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de restul segmentelor nervoase, la reptile ", + "C. ca \u015fi compon enta 4, are substan\u0163\u0103 cenu\u015fie la interior, sub form\u0103 de nuclei ", + "D. la 5 sunt centrii nervo\u015fi pentru reflexe de orientare legate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii din componenta encefalului nota\u0163i cu 3:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. primesc impulsuri provenite de la nucleii se nzitivi auditivi din trunchiul cerebral ", + "B. trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre aria vizual\u0103 din lobul 2 al scoar\u0163ei cerebrale ", + "C. trimit comenzi c\u0103tre centrii motori din substan\u0163a alb\u0103 din zona 7 ", + "D. ca \u015fi nucleii din componentele 8 \u015fi 5, sunt centrii unor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "O plant\u0103 ierboas\u0103 prezint\u0103 \u00een structur\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besuturi:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. meristeme primordiale ", + "2. \u021besuturi definitive ", + "3. meristeme primare ", + "4. meristeme laterale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Epiderma \u0219i rizoderma pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. sunt unistratificate, formate din celule care nu se mai divid ", + "2. se pot diferen\u021bia din acela\u0219i tip de meristeme ", + "3. prezint\u0103 celule modificate, specializate la schimburile cu mediul ", + "4. au func\u021bie de ap\u0103rare \u00eendeplinit\u0103 \u0219i de alte \u021besuturi " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul descris \u00een ecua\u0163ia al\u0103turat\u0103:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. corespunde hr\u0103nirii prin chemosintez\u0103 ", + "2. este realizat de bacteriile nitrificatoare ", + "3. contribuie la circuitul azotului \u00een natur\u0103 ", + "4. are loc \u00een soluri \u015fi \u00een ecosisteme acva tice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Graficele al\u0103turate reprezint\u0103 influen\u021ba factorilor de mediu asupra fotosintezei:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. intensitatea luminii -graficul A ", + "2. concentra \u021bia de CO 2 - graficul B ", + "3. temperatura - graficul C ", + "4. concentra \u021bia de O 2 - graficul D " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La mamifere:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. la fica t ajung hormoni pancreatici \u015fi nutrimente prin vena port\u0103 ", + "2. intestinele sunt suspendate de peretele abdominal prin pliuri ale peritoneului ", + "3. stomacul \u015fi pancreasul secret\u0103 enzime proteolitice \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", + "4. stomacul cel mai voluminos se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte la pr\u0103d\u0103t oare, iar cel mai mic la omnivore " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La plante, \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. energia electronului eliberat de clorofil\u0103 este folosit\u0103 pentru sinteza de ATP ", + "2. se sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP -ul necesar pentru procesele de dezasimila\u0163ie ", + "3. carotenul \u015fi xantofila contribuie la absorb\u021bia luminii ", + "4. sistemele fotochimice stocheaz\u0103 energia luminoas\u0103 sub form\u0103 de energie chimic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Din punct de vedere anatomic , \u015ftiuca se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. fose nazale f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu faringele; muguri gustativi ", + "2. sacul\u0103 \u015fi lagen\u0103 cu receptori auditivi; linie lateral\u0103 ", + "3. cavitate bucofaringian\u0103; stomac voluminos ", + "4. lipsa glandelor salivare; limb\u0103 ca un piston " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul digestiei unui mic dejun format din lapte \u0219i p\u00e2ine cu dulcea\u021b\u0103:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. centrii nervo\u0219i somatici coordoneaz\u0103 reflexul necondi\u021bionat gastrosecretor ", + "2. dizaharidazele necesare pentru finalizarea digestiei tuturor glucidelor sunt lactaza \u0219i maltaza ", + "3. labfermentul coaguleaz\u0103 laptele \u00een prezen\u021ba Na+; chimul gastric con\u021bine albumoze \u0219i peptone ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerol; HCl \u00eempiedic\u0103 dezvoltarea germeni lor ingera\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Aerul din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni are caracteristici diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale aerului atmosferic , deoarece:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. epiteliile bogat vascularizate ale mucoaselor respiratorii \u00eenc\u0103lzesc aerul ", + "2. caracteristicile histologice ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor asigur\u0103 fluxul continuu de ae r pl\u0103m\u00e2ni -atmosfer\u0103 ", + "3. mucusul secretat de celulele ciliate ale mucoaselor respiratorii umeze\u0219te \u0219i purific\u0103 aerul ", + "4. aerul inspirat se amestec\u0103 la nivel pulmonar cu aerul rezidual " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Schimburile de ga ze la nivel pulmonar \u0219i tisular se deosebesc prin:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. tipul proceselor de transport al gazelor respirator ii prin suprafe\u021bele de schimb ", + "2. structurile traversate de gazele respiratorii ", + "3. medierea transportului de gaze de c\u0103tre lichidul limfatic ", + "4. combina\u021biile pe care le formeaz\u0103 hemoglobina \u00een urma schimbului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La om, ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de efort intens s e deosebe\u0219te de cea de repaus prin urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. vehicularea la nivel pulmonar a unor volume de rezerv\u0103 suplimentare ", + "2. inspira\u021bia se realizeaz\u0103 cu participarea unor grupe suplimentare de mu\u0219chi netezi ", + "3. ambele etape ale ventila\u021biei sunt procese active, cu consum de energie ", + "4. umplerea cu aer a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, urmat\u0103 de golirea lor complet\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Pe frotiul de s\u00e2nge:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. 1 \u015fi 2 se formeaz\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva oaselor ", + "2. componenta 3 con\u0163ine antigenele A \u015fi B ", + "3. la 2 este o celul\u0103 unin ucleat\u0103 ", + "4. sunt \u015fi celule care traverseaz\u0103 pere\u0163ii arterelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Schema reprezint\u0103 o circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103 , deoarece:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. la 4 este atriul st\u00e2ng cu s\u00e2nge cu O2 ", + "2. la 3 exist\u0103 un sept interatrial incomplet ", + "3. \u00een cavitatea 2 se deschid venele cave ", + "4. cele dou\u0103 circula\u021bii nu sunt complet separate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen activitatea inimii:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. jetul de s\u00e2nge pompat cre\u015fte rapid presiunea \u00een venele ", + "2. s\u00e2ngele bogat \u00een oxigen adus de venele pulmonare trece din atrii \u00een ventriculele aflate \u00een sistol\u0103 - imaginea a ", + "3. contrac\u0163iile sunt produse de impulsurile generate de \u0163esutul excitoconductor prezent \u00een toate cavit\u0103\u0163ile inimii ", + "4. valvula bicuspid\u0103 \u015fi cea tricuspid\u0103 sunt \u00eenchise \u00een t impul sistolei ventriculare din imaginea b " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Re\u00eentoarcerea s\u00e2ngelui la inim\u0103 este fa cilitat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. sc\u0103derea treptat\u0103 a presiunii din vasele 4, fa\u021b\u0103 de vasele 5 ", + "2. existen\u0163a valvulelor la interiorul vaselor de pe traseu l notat cu 6 ", + "3. efectul contrac\u0163iei musculaturii scheletice asupra s\u00e2ngelui din zona 1 ", + "4. cobor\u00e2rea plan\u015feului atrioventricular \u00een timpul sistolei ventriculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Nefronii sunt:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. forma\u021bi din capsul\u0103, tubi contor\u021bi proximali, distali \u0219i colectori ", + "2. specializa\u021bi pentru filtrarea plasmei din capilarele venoase glomerulare ", + "3. iriga\u021bi peritubular de ramuri directe ale arte relor \u0219i venelor interlobare ", + "4. implica\u021bi func\u021bional \u00een men\u021binerea compozi\u021biei normale a s\u00e2ngelui " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul excretor al amfibienilor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. rinichii sunt iriga\u021bi de mai multe ramuri ale aortei ", + "2. masculii prezint\u0103 orificii uro - genital e ", + "3. ureterel e femelelor se deschid \u00een cloac\u0103 ", + "4. rinichii sunt localiza\u021bi superior \u00een raport cu gonadele " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul e ncefalului:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. 8 - con\u0163ine \u0163esut epitelial secretor ", + "2. 2 \u015fi 4 - au substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie at\u00e2t la exterior, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een interior ", + "3. 7 - prezint\u0103 coliculii cvadrigemeni dispu\u015fi posterior ", + "4. 6 - con\u0163ine nuclei care au conexiune cu 1 \u015fi cu 4 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Prezint\u0103 mi \u0219c\u0103ri neorientate :", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. p\u0103p\u0103dia \u2013 fotonastia realizat\u0103 de inflorescen\u021b\u0103 ", + "2. ambele plante \u2013geotropismul pozitiv al tulpinii ", + "3. laleaua \u2013 deschiderea florii la c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", + "4. ambele plante \u2013 seismonastia realizat\u0103 de frunze " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2016" + }, + { + "question": "Cel mai lung segment al intestinului gros la mamifere se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. prezint\u0103 la om o prelungire sub\u021bire situat\u0103 inferior de valvula intestinal\u0103, numit\u0103 apendice ", + "B. particip\u0103 la absorb\u021bia la nivelul vilozit\u0103\u021bilor a vitaminelor produse de bacterii simbionte ", + "C. prezint\u0103 terminal o por\u021biune mai bogat\u0103 \u00een \u021besut muscular neted de tip visceral ", + "D. \u00eencepe deasupra valvulei prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu sfincter \u0219i este suspendat de peretele abdominal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Suberul , ca \u0219i felodermul:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. este un \u021besut secundar generat prin diferen\u021bierea cambiului vascular ", + "B. are dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 continu\u0103 \u00een afara axului organelor supraterane ", + "C. se formeaz\u0103 din celule nespecializate c aracterizate prin anabolism intens ", + "D. asigur\u0103 protec\u021bia exclusiv termic\u0103 a organelor vegetative cu \u00eengro\u0219are anual\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Observa\u021bi sec\u021biunile prin inima unor vertebrate \u0219i identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. C \u2013 apar\u021bine vertebratelor cu pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi, c\u0103i respirato rii lungi \u0219i tub digestiv terminat cu cloac\u0103 ", + "B. A \u0219i C apar\u021bin unor vertebrate cu circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103, A \u2013 cu respira\u021bie strict pulmonar\u0103 \u0219i C \u2013 cu respira\u021bie cutanee ", + "C. A \u0219i B apar\u021bin unor vertebrate homeoterme cu inspira\u021bie activ\u0103 \u0219i suprafa\u021b\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 mare pentru schimb ul de gaze ", + "D. C apar\u021bine unor vertebrate dependente de mediul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la sec\u021biunea reprezentat\u0103:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. \u021besuturile 7 \u0219i 9 au func\u021bie de sus\u021binere deoarece au celule cu pere\u021bii \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi ", + "B. 8 \u0219i 13 reprezint\u0103 \u021besuturi fundamentale cu rol de depozitare a substan\u021belor organice ", + "C. \u021besuturile 9 \u0219i 10 sunt unistratificate \u0219i apar\u021bin aceleia\u0219i zone ", + "D. 11 \u0219i 12 provin din activitatea meristemului secundar - " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Componentele adnotate cu 12 spre deosebire de cele adnotate cu 11:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de celule cu rol de hr\u0103nire \u0219i de sus\u021binere ", + "B. formeaz\u0103 tuburi ciuruite care transport\u0103 activ, bidirec\u021bional seva elaborat\u0103 ", + "C. formeaz\u0103 tuburi care asigur\u0103 transportul pasiv al sevei prin for\u021ba de suc\u021biune ", + "D. au pere\u021b ii celulari sub\u021biri, permeabili \u0219i activitate metabolic\u0103 intens\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Toate vertebratele cu respira\u021bie pulmonar\u0103 prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici ale sistemului digestiv:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 delimitat\u0103 de cele faringian\u0103 \u0219i nazal\u0103 ", + "B. cloac\u0103 \u00een care se termin\u0103 intestinul, c\u0103ile urinare \u0219i genitale ", + "C. circula\u021bia este dubl\u0103, diferen\u021biat\u0103 pe dou\u0103 trasee ", + "D. glande abdominale cu structur\u0103 epitelial\u0103 de tip exocrin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Decorticarea inelar \u0103 aplicat\u0103 unui l\u0103star are urm \u0103toarele consecin\u021be fiziologice:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. stoparea fotosintezei din cauza sec\u021bion\u0103rii vaselor liberiene ", + "B. apari\u021bia calusului inferior decortic\u0103rii datorit\u0103 circula\u021biei descendente a sevei elaborate ", + "C. intensificarea respira\u021biei \u00een zona superio ar\u0103 inelului de decorticare ", + "D. ofilirea frunzelor din cauza \u00eentreruperii circula\u021biei descendente a sevei brute " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Stomacul mamiferelor care prelucreaz\u0103 \u00een cavitatea bucal \u0103 hrana prin strivire , se distinge de al celorlalte mamifere prin:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. este organ subdiaf ragmatic cu rol de depozitare, digestie mecanic\u0103, fizic\u0103 \u0219i chimic\u0103 ", + "B. are capacitate mai redus\u0103 comparativ cu al mamiferelor cu denti\u021bie incomplet\u0103 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 glande microscopice exocrine care secret\u0103 proteaze \u0219i lipaze ", + "D. este organ cavitar uni - sau pluricompartimentat cu particularit\u0103\u021bi func\u021bionale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u0163ie privind rinichii mamiferelor este adev\u0103rat\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. sunt \u00eenveli\u0163i de o capsul\u0103 conjunctiv\u0103, semidur\u0103, fibroas\u0103 ", + "B. piramidele renale corespund lobulilor renali, av\u00e2nd v\u00e2rful spre hil ", + "C. sunt iriga\u0163i de venele renale, situate \u00eenapoia arterelor renale ", + "D. printre piramidele renale p\u0103trund arterele \u015fi venele interlobulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nefronii mamiferelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103, cu o excep\u0163ie:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. tubul contort proximal se afl\u0103 \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a capsulei Bowman ", + "B. glomerulul renal con\u021bine capilare provenite direct din artera interlobular\u0103 ", + "C. ansa Henle face leg\u0103tura \u00eentre tubul contort proximal \u015fi tubul contort distal ", + "D. urina final\u0103 din tubul urinifer distal este eliminat\u0103 \u00een tubul colector " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru realizarea transpira\u0163iei la plante le terestre :", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. stomatele sunt mai numeroase \u00een epiderma superioar\u0103 a frunzelor ", + "B. celulele stomatice se deformeaz\u0103 \u0219i din cauza grosimii inegale a pere\u021bilor lor ", + "C. la nivelul cloroplastelor din celulele anexe se produc substan\u0163e organice solubile ", + "D. energia necesar\u0103 elimin\u0103rii apei este asigurat\u0103 de presiunea radicular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u0163ie privind c\u0103ile urinare este adev\u0103rat\u0103 :", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. \u00eencep cu tubii colectori, \u00een num\u0103r egal cu cel al nefronilor ", + "B. pelvisul renal este o p\u00e2lnie musculoas\u0103 care se continu\u0103 cu ureterul ", + "C. calicele colecteaz\u0103 urina primar\u0103 din zona renal\u0103 medular\u0103 ", + "D. con\u0163in fibre musculare, prezente \u0219i \u00een stomac \u0219 i \u00een bronhiole " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarea cara cteristic\u0103 fiziologic\u0103 apar\u0163ine sistemului excretor la vertebrate:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een capilarele glomerulare este mai mare dec\u00e2t cea din capsula Bowman ", + "B. rinichii p\u0103s\u0103rilor au trei lobi \u015fi filtreaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele adus prin cele dou\u0103 artere renale ", + "C. rinichiul de tip mezonefros prezint\u0103 nefroni mai perfec\u021biona\u021bi, cu capsul\u0103 Bowmann ", + "D. prin filtrarea glomerular\u0103, toate moleculele mici ale plasmei trec \u00een tubul urinifer " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Asocierea corect\u0103 dintre epiteliile senzoriale \u0219i caracteristicil e lor este:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. mugurii gu stativi - realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu neuronii din ganglionii spinali ", + "B. mucoasa olfactiv\u0103 - formeaz\u0103 un epiteliu cilindric pluristratificat ", + "C. maculele otolitice - transmit informa\u0163ii declan\u015fate de rota\u0163ia capului ", + "D. linia lateral\u0103 - genereaz\u0103 poten\u0163iale de ac\u0163iun e transmise spre mezencefal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii senzitivi se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. comunic\u0103 a t\u00e2t \u00eentre ei, c\u00e2t \u015fi cu efectorii musculari \u0219i glandulari ", + "B. transmit informa\u0163ii, care vor ajunge \u00een girusul precentral din lobul frontal ", + "C. pot avea dendrite mielinizate sau amielinizate, uneori mai lungi dec\u00e2t axonii ", + "D. elibereaz\u0103 mediatori chimici la nivelul sinap sei cu celulele receptoare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul unei articula\u0163ii exist\u0103 un tip de \u0163esut:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. bogat \u00een celule \u0219i fibre elastice care \u00eei confer\u0103 rezisten\u0163\u0103 ", + "B. cu elasticitate redus\u0103, cu celule rare, fibre pu\u0163ine \u0219i fine ", + "C. prezent \u015fi \u00een capsula renal\u0103, cu multe fibre de colagen ", + "D. numit periost, \u00eenvelind trabeculele de os spongios " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Fibrele musculare striate:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. sunt cilindrice, con\u0163in numero\u0219i nuclei \u0219i miofibri le dispuse central ", + "B. au ca unic\u0103 func\u021bie realizarea contrac\u021biilor voluntare \u0219i involuntare ", + "C. con\u0163in proprioceptori care genereaz\u0103 impulsuri transmise spre cerebel ", + "D. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu dendritele neuronilor somatomotori medulari " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u0162esutul epitelial se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. se poate organi za \u00een glande exocrine tubulo \u2013 acinoase (glandele salivare \u0219i pancreasul) ", + "B. poate fi \u00eenconjura t de celulele cu con \u015fi bastona\u015f , av\u00e2nd rol de protec\u0163ie ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea canalului cohlear, delimitat inferior de memb rana tectoria ", + "D. con\u0163ine celule ciliate \u00een structur a unui organ care prezint\u0103 \u015fi \u0163esut cartilaginos hialin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii experimentale \u0219i fiziologice, a cidul clorhidric:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. solubilizeaz\u0103 oseina din \u0163esutul osos ", + "B. este folosit \u015fi pentru eviden\u0163ierea Ca \u015fi Mg din oase ", + "C. distruge, \u00een stomac, bacteria Helicobacter pylori ", + "D. poate avea o ac\u0163iune coroziv\u0103 asupra mucoasei duodenale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organisme prezint\u0103 nutri\u0163ie autotrof\u0103:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. unele plante care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii bogate \u00een s\u0103ruri minerale \u0219i produc enzime digestive ", + "B. bacteriile nitrificatoare care, prin chimiosintez\u0103, reduc amoniacul la nitri\u0163i \u015fi nitra\u0163i ", + "C. unele plante care extrag apa \u015fi s\u0103rurile minerale din alte plante cu ajutorul haustorilor ", + "D. bacteriile care oxideaz\u0103 dioxidul de carbon la metan, \u00een absen\u0163a oxigenului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00centr-o sec\u0163iune transversal\u0103 prin r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. cambiul vascular genereaz\u0103 liber spre interior \u0219i lemn spre exterior ", + "B. liberul primar este situat extern fa\u0163\u0103 de lemnul primar ", + "C. lemnul primar se g\u0103se\u015fte la exterior, iar liberul primar la interior ", + "D. endodermul este unistratificat \u015fi se afl\u0103 sub periciclu " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Dioxidul de carbon utilizat \u00een fotosintez\u0103 parcurge succesiv urm\u0103torul drum , la plantele terestre :", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. ostiole\u2192 camera substomatic\u0103\u2192\u0163esut palisadic\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", + "B. ostiole\u2192 celule anexe\u2192 camera substomatic\u0103\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", + "C. ostiole\u2192camera substomatic\u0103\u2192spa\u0163ii intercelulare\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", + "D. ostiole\u2192celule stomatice\u2192camera substomatic\u0103\u2192 spa\u0163ii intercelulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Nastiile:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. depind de direc\u021bia unui stimul \u0219i nu de intensitatea acestuia ", + "B. sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri neorientate determinate de excitan\u021bi ", + "C. implic\u0103 procese chimice care influen\u021beaz\u0103 deschiderea florilor de lalea ", + "D. sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri caracteristice organelor vegetale \u0219i celulelor mobile " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul cortical erectil determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. fototropism negativ la r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", + "B. seismonastie la Mimosa pudica ", + "C. hidrotropism \u00een orientarea r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", + "D. termonastie la Oxalis acetosella " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la respira\u021bie, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een lumea vie, organisme le utilizeaz\u0103 pentru respira\u021bie molecule macroergice ", + "B. \u00een timpul respira\u021biei, are loc eliberarea extracelular\u0103 a energiei , prin reac\u021bii c atalizate enzimatic ", + "C. energia chimic\u0103 este stocat\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be organice prin leg\u0103turi chimice care le confer\u0103 stabilitate relativ\u0103 ", + "D. \u00een toat\u0103 lumea vie, respira\u021bia reprezint\u0103 contrariul fotosintezei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen mecanismul respira\u021biei aerobe:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. energia produs\u0103 \u00een procesele respiratorii din mitocondrii se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00eentre radicalii fosfat 2 \u0219i 3 din ATP ", + "B. pot rezulta produ\u0219i finali care \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de energie, utiliza\u021bi ca surs\u0103 de energie chimic\u0103 \u00een alte procese ", + "C. utilizarea energiei stocat\u0103 \u00een ATP se elibereaz\u0103 prin combinarea ADP cu H3PO 4 \u00een prezen\u021ba apei ", + "D. CO 2 \u0219i H 2O sunt compu\u0219ii organici care rezult\u0103 \u00een urma oxid\u0103rii glucidelor, lipidelor \u0219i " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Respira\u021bia este condi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een mod direct de urm\u0103torii factori :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. prezen\u021ba unor organite celulare specifice \u0219i a apei ", + "B. lipsa luminii \u0219i prezen\u021ba dioxidului de carbon ", + "C. lipsa celule lor speci alizate pentru reducerea CO 2 ", + "D. prezen\u021ba enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare \u0219i a oxigenului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Importan\u021ba fermenta\u021biilor const\u0103 \u00een:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. utilizarea resturilor de pe fundul b\u0103l\u021bilor, prin transformare aerob\u0103 \u00een gaz metan ", + "B. ob\u021binerea acidului lactic, utilizat la conservarea unor alimente \u0219i \u00een agricultur\u0103 ", + "C. ob\u021binerea unor microorganisme strict anaerobe \u00een reactoare spec ializate ", + "D. utilizarea biogazului \u00een condi\u021bii anaerobe ca surs\u0103 alternativ\u0103 de energie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Compartimentul digestiv la nivelul c\u0103ruia ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar dou\u0103 categorii de enzime prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale \u00een seria vertebratelor:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine bacterii simbionte cu efect celulo zolitic la mamiferele ierbivore lipsite de incisivi pe ", + "2. este c\u0103ptu\u0219it cu o membran\u0103 cornoas\u0103 la vertebratele care prezint\u0103 do u\u0103 cecumuri intestinale ", + "3. comunic\u0103 direct la toate vertebratele cu organul digestiv la nivelul c\u0103ruia se finalizeaz \u0103 digestia ", + "4. poate avea capacitate diferit\u0103 sau poate lipsi \u00een func\u021bie de regimul de hran\u0103 \u0219i modul de hr\u0103nire " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Programul genetic influen\u021beaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. deshidratarea activ\u0103 a fructelor \u00een timpul coacerii ", + "2. diferen\u021bierea celulelor din structura embrionului ", + "3. respira\u021bia mai intens\u0103 a frunzelor de vi\u021b\u0103 \u00een timpul cre\u0219terii boabelor dec\u00e2t \u00een timpul coacerii ", + "4. gruparea celulelor dup\u0103 form\u0103, structur\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bie , \u00een structura \u021besuturilor \u0219i organelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Meristemele primordiale , spre deosebire de cele primare:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. pot exista independent \u0219i necondi\u021bionat de prezen\u021ba celorlalte tipuri de \u021besuturi ", + "2. sunt formate din celule aflate \u00een d iferite faze ale mitozei ", + "3. genereaz\u0103 \u00een mod direc t doar \u021besuturi formative ", + "4. asigur\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u0219i tulpinii \u00een pozi\u021bie apical\u0103 sau intercalar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura primar\u0103 a organelor vegetative , celulele stratului periferic se pot caracteriza anatomo -func\u021bional prin:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 \u00eengro\u0219\u0103ri neuniforme ale pere\u021bilor celulari ", + "2. particip\u0103 la mecanisme osmotice automate care influen\u021beaz\u0103 gradul de hidratare ", + "3. pot fi sediul unor procese metabolice constructive ", + "4. particip\u0103 la procese de transport membranar pentru ioni direct dependente de fotosintez\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Vertebratele al c\u0103ror stomac este situat dorsal \u00een raport cu organele respiratorii pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi \u0219i c\u0103 i respiratorii lungi ", + "2. gu\u0219\u0103 pe traseul esofagului care stocheaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmoaie hrana ", + "3. cavitate bucal\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103 , cu din\u021bi sau margini cornoase ", + "4. intestin sub\u021bire diferen\u021biat de cel gros prin cecumuri intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Efectele negative ale lipsei de lumin\u0103 asupra unei plante constau \u00een:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. absen\u021ba sintezei pigmen\u021bi lor asimi latori, planta se ofile\u0219te ", + "2. reduce rea absorb\u021biei \u0219i circula\u021biei pasive a sevei brute \u00een corpul plantei ", + "3. \u00eencetinirea proceselor de diviziune \u0219i secre\u021bie din corpul plantelor ", + "4. oprirea procesului de sintez\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Pot constitui adapt\u0103ri ale plantelor la deficitul de ap\u0103 din mediul de via\u021b\u0103:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. reducerea suprafe\u021bei foliare ", + "2. \u00eengro\u0219area cuticulei la nivelul \u021besuturilor de ap\u0103rare ", + "3. r\u0103sucirea frunzelor ", + "4. prezen\u021ba perilor cu origine epidermic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre tipurile organelor vegetative c aracteristice speciilor de plante \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bile anatomo -func\u021bionale ale acestora:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. morc ov \u2013 r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 pivotant\u0103: \u021besut fundamental de depozitare, fascicule libero -lemnoase ", + "2. fasole \u2013 tulpin\u0103 ag \u0103\u021b\u0103toare: \u021besut meristematic apical, \u021besut fundamental asimilator ", + "3. m\u0103rg\u0103ritar \u2013 rizom: \u021besut fundamental de dep ozitare, fascicule conduc\u0103toare alternante ", + "4. cartof \u2013 tubercul: \u021besut secundar de ap\u0103rare - suber, \u021besut fundamental de depozitare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la enzimele digestive:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. amilaza pancreatic\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra amidonului preparat rezult\u00e2nd produ\u0219i absorbabili ", + "2. produ\u0219ii finali ai hidrolizei peptidazelor sun t aminoacizi i absorbi\u021bi la nivel intestinal ", + "3. sub ac\u021biunea lactazei \u0219i zaharozei rezult\u0103 monozaharide \u2013 glucoz\u0103, fructoz\u0103, galactoz\u0103 ", + "4. elibereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i finali ai digestiei proteinelor \u0219i lipidelo r la nivel gastric \u0219i inte stinal " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Trifoiul :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. prezint\u0103 frunze co mpuse \u015fi tulpini ag\u0103\u0163\u0103toare ", + "2. realizeaz\u0103 simbioze cu organisme chimiosintetizante ", + "3. transform\u0103 azotul molecular \u00een proteine cu mare valoare nutritiv\u0103 ", + "4. poate fi str\u0103b\u0103tut de haustori at\u00e2t la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii, c\u00e2t \u015fi al tulpinii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. \u00eenchiderea frunzelor capcan\u0103 la plantele carnivore este o seismonastie ", + "2. rugina gr\u00e2ului este o zoonoz\u0103 deoarece trece de la o gazd\u0103 la alta ", + "3. v\u00e2scul are ramuri bifurcate terminal \u015fi frunze cu o cantitate mic\u0103 de clorofil\u0103 ", + "4. bacteriile Bacillus thuringiensis \u015fi Laboulbenia bayeri paraziteaz\u0103 insecte " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "S\u0103rurile minerale necesare \u00een fotosintez\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. sunt utilizate de cianoficeele aflate \u00een simbioz\u0103 cu unele specii de ciup erci ", + "2. se ob\u0163in \u015fi prin oxidarea aerob\u0103 a NH 3, sub ac\u0163iunea bacteriilor saprofite ", + "3. pot fi furnizate indirect, prin hidroliza enzimatic\u0103 a unor proteine animale ", + "4. sunt absorbite de ciupercile micoritice , printr -un hidrotropism negativ " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Reac\u0163iile plantelor gazd \u0103 la ac\u0163iunea unor parazi\u0163i pot fi :", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. sinteza de antitoxine \u015fi refacerea leziunilor produse ", + "2. intensificarea reac\u0163iilor de oxidoreducere celular\u0103 ", + "3. diminuarea absorb\u0163iei apei \u015fi a s\u0103rurilor minerale ", + "4. cre\u015fterea temperaturi i \u015fi a num\u0103rului de cloroplaste " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor l a transpira\u0163ia plantelor, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. plantele xerofite au \u00eentotdeauna frunzele reduse, cu un num\u0103r mare de stomate ", + "2. \u00een caz de secet\u0103 de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, transpira\u0163ia cuticular\u0103 se reduce foarte mult ", + "3. plantele din zonele temperate au pere\u0163ii interni ai ce lulelor epidermice \u00eengro\u015fa\u0163i ", + "4. o mic\u0103 parte din ap\u0103 este eliminat\u0103 prin cuticula sub\u0163ire, dar \u015fi prin lenticele " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul excretor al vertebratelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomice :", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. la amfibieni vezica urinar\u0103 lipse\u015fte, urina fiind depozitat\u0103 \u00een cloac\u0103 ", + "2. pe\u015ftii marini, reptilele \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103rile elimin\u0103 o urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", + "3. la unele reptile rinichii alungi\u0163i au la polul superior corpii gra\u015fi ", + "4. pe\u015fti i, amfibieni i \u015fi reptile le prezint\u0103 mai multe perechi de artere renale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Prima etap\u0103 a procesului de formare a urinei se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. produ\u015fii rezulta\u0163i \u00een urma anabolismului celular ajung \u00een tubul urinifer ", + "2. toate moleculele mici din plasm\u0103 trec printr -un epiteliu pavimentos simplu ", + "3. sc\u0103derea ratei de reabsorb\u021bie la nivelul tubului urinifer ", + "4. se intensific\u0103 odat\u0103 cu cre\u015fterea debitului sangvin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate :", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. apa p\u0103truns\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge la nivelul branhiilor ajunge \u00eent\u00e2i la inim\u0103 ", + "2. pe\u015ftii cartil agino\u015fi marini elimin\u0103 ap\u0103 prin deschiderea opercule lor ", + "3. urina format\u0103 \u00een rinichii de tip pronefros se vars\u0103, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, \u00een pelvisul renal ", + "4. pe\u015ftii marini preiau apa s\u0103rat\u0103 din mediu deoarece pierd ap\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Privind forma celulelor epiteliale, se pot face urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. \u00een epiteliul pseudostratificat au \u00een\u0103l\u0163imi egale, forme identice \u015fi prezint\u0103 cili ", + "2. cele din stratul profund, de pe membrana bazal\u0103 pot avea form\u0103 cilindric\u0103 ", + "3. la suprafa\u0163a epidermei sunt celule cubice, printre care se afl\u0103 dendrite senzitive ", + "4. \u00een unele organe pot fi fusiforme, ciliate, protejate de un epiteliu pluristratificat " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Neuronii pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. sunt stela\u0163i \u00een coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii sau \u00een bulbul olfactiv ", + "2. con\u021bin proteine n euroreceptoare \u015fi corpi Nissl \u00een sinapsele cu dendritele neuronilor olfactivi ", + "3. prezint\u0103 prelungiri mielinizate, care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin g\u0103urile intervertebrale ", + "4. au prelungiri lungi, mielinizate, cu butoni te rmina li acoperi\u0163i de teaca Schwann " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul conjunctiv poate prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. genereaz\u0103 celule mari, cu nuclei loba\u0163i , prin diviziuni intense ", + "2. \u00eenvele\u0219te \u0163esut uri a c\u0103ror component\u0103 organic\u0103 se eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 experimental cu HCl ", + "3. con\u0163ine numeroase celule, stelate sau sferice, cu nuclei centrali sau periferici ", + "4. prezint\u0103, la suprafa\u0163a extremit\u0103\u0163ilor oaselor lungi , un num\u0103r redus de celule " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. \u021besutul pavimentos simplu se g\u0103se\u015fte \u00een structura unor vase capilar e \u00eenchise la un cap\u0103t ", + "2. oligodendrocitele \u015fi celulele Schwann au forme diferite \u015fi prelungiri \u00een num\u0103r variabil ", + "3. celule fusiforme se g\u0103sesc \u00een structura unei vene care \u00eencepe la nivelul intestinul ui sub\u0163ire ", + "4. numeroase fibre elastice \u015fi rare celule conjunctive predomin\u0103 \u00een structura arterelor mici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei nu are loc atunci c\u00e2nd:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. solul are o temperatur\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een jurul valorii de 30o-35oC ", + "2. presiunea osmotic\u0103 a apei \u00een sol este mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", + "3. citoplasma celulelor r\u0103d\u0103cinii are o v\u00e2scozitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", + "4. pH-ul solului are abateri mari de la valoarea neutr\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Valvulele semilunare:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. sunt \u00eencadrate de inele fibroase ", + "2. asigur\u0103 sensul de curgere a s\u00e2ngelui vene - inim\u0103 ", + "3. sunt ancorate de cordaje tendinoase ", + "4. se opun sensului curgerii s\u00e2ngelui artere \u2013 inim\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "V\u00e2scozitatea crescut\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. determin\u0103 pierderea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui prin frecarea acestuia de pere\u021bii vaselor ", + "2. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een venele mari ", + "3. scade continuu presiunea s\u00e2ngelui de la plecarea din ventricul p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eentoarcerea \u00een atrii ", + "4. este provocat\u0103 de consumul mare de lichide \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Intensitatea respira\u021biei la plante variaz\u0103 astfe l:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. este mare atunci c\u00e2nd concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be anorganice din sol are valori mari ", + "2. scade atunci c\u00e2nd activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare se intensific\u0103 ", + "3. cre\u0219te pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce concentra\u021bia de oxigen dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 50% ", + "4. se intensific\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219te concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Mu\u0219chii papilari:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. se observ\u0103 pe fa\u021ba intern\u0103 a atriilor ", + "2. se continu\u0103 prin cordaje tendinoase ", + "3. deschid valvulele membranoase ", + "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra valvulelor fibroase " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Direc\u021biile de evolu\u021bie ale respira\u021biei pulmonare au fost:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. perfec\u021bionarea ventila\u021biei ", + "2. alungir ea c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", + "3. cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021belor de schimb ", + "4. specializar ea c\u0103ilor respiratorii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Perii absorban\u021bi:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. sunt prelungiri ale tuturor celulelor rizodermei ", + "2. se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een apropierea bazei r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", + "3. dispar la plantele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", + "4. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 III. PROBLEME: " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2018" + }, + { + "question": "Felodermul:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. Se formeaz\u0103 \u00eenspre epiderm \u0103 ", + "B. Con\u021bine celule rotunjite cu spa\u021bii intercelulare ", + "C. Prezint \u0103 cr\u0103p\u0103turi numite lenticele ", + "D. Este generat de meristemul apical numit felogen " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul muscular striat:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. Poate fi localizat \u00een pere\u021bii faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", + "B. Este a lc\u0103tuit din celule fusiforme cu diametru de 10 -12 cm ", + "C. Prezint \u0103 stria\u021bii transversale , care se coloreaz\u0103 cu albastru de metilen ", + "D. Con\u021bine organite comune numite miofibrile " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintez ei:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. Hidrogenul rezultat din fotoliza apei este pus \u00een libertate ", + "B. Oxigenul se fixeaz\u0103 pe un transportor de electroni ", + "C. ATP-ul se descompune \u00een ADP cu eliberare de energie ", + "D. CO 2 redus este \u00eencorporat \u00een substan\u021be anorganice " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile nitrificatoare:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. Oxideaz\u0103 amoniacul \u00een acid azotos accesibil produc\u0103torilor ", + "B. Transform\u0103 azotul molecular \u00een combina\u021bii ale azotului ", + "C. Oxideaz\u0103 amoniacul , put\u00e2nd rezulta s\u0103ruri ale acidului azotic ", + "D. Sunt prezente \u00een nodozit\u0103\u021bi de pe r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Mycoderma aceti:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. Utilizeaz\u0103 numai o anumit\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 din mediu - acidul acetic ", + "B. Transform\u0103 acidul acetic \u00een alcool etilic ", + "C. Este o specie saprofit\u0103 ce asigur\u0103 substan\u021be organice plantel or ", + "D. Realizeaz\u0103 un proces aerob de fermenta\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sucul pancreatic con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. Amilaza pancreatic\u0103, mai activ\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea salivar\u0103, care descompune amidonul crud p\u00e2n\u0103 la monozaharide ", + "B. Tripsin\u0103 \u0219i c hemotripsin\u0103 \u00een stare activ\u0103 ", + "C. Enzima proteolitic\u0103 colagenaza, care poate descompune proteinele \u00een oligopeptide ", + "D. Lipaza pancreatic\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Bila:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. Are pH bazic care favor izeaz\u0103 ac\u021biun ea unor enzime pancreatice ", + "B. Emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele, \u00een urma ac\u021biunii lipazelor ", + "C. Con\u021bine s\u0103ruri biliare rezultate din degradarea hemoglobinei ", + "D. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu colesterol ul \u0219i lecitin a, diger\u0103 chimic lipidele " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Ficatul:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. Prezint\u0103 o vasculari za\u021bie nutritiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de vena port\u0103 ", + "B. Are o secre \u021bie exocrin\u0103 - bila, care se co ncentreaz \u0103 \u00een vezica biliar\u0103 ", + "C. Prezint\u0103 o vasculariza\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de artera aort\u0103 ", + "D. Prime\u0219te s\u00e2ngele colectat de la pancreas, intestine, rinichi \u0219i splin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen seria vertebratelor s tomacul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. Lipse\u0219te la ciclostomi si la pe\u0219tii care se hr\u0103nesc cu plancton ", + "B. Prezint\u0103 o dilata\u021bie numit\u0103 gu \u0219\u0103 la pas\u0103ri, unde se \u00eenmoaie hrana ", + "C. Este foarte voluminos la mamiferele fitofage \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103toare ", + "D. Con\u021bine glande gastrice \u00een foios ul ierbivorelor rumeg\u0103toare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Despre miocardul mamiferelor se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. Prin contrac\u021bie asigur\u0103 pomparea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een 2 artere \u0219i aspirarea s\u00e2ngelui din 6 vene ", + "B. Execut\u0103 contrac\u021bii ritmice prin for\u021ba de trac\u021biune a \u021besutului muscular excitoconductor ", + "C. Atinge dezvoltare maxim\u0103 \u00een compartimentul cu mu\u0219chi papilari conecta\u021bi prin 3 lame membranoase la valvula atrio -ventricular\u0103 ", + "D. Se contract\u0103 automat chiar \u0219i \u00een afara organismului \u00een solu\u021bie de ser fiziologic de concentra\u021bie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urechea mamiferelor pre zint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. Compartimentul intern localizat superficial \u00een cavitatea osului temporal, con\u021bine 3 tipuri de receptori ", + "B. Celulele senzoriale auditive sunt stimulate prin deformarea cililor la contactul cu membrana bazilar\u0103 care oscileaz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba sunetelor ", + "C. Compartimentul extern \u0219i mediu asigur\u0103 doar conducerea vibra\u021biilor sonore c\u0103tre fereastra oval\u0103, prin lan\u021bul articulat de 3 oscioare ", + "D. Crestele ampulare sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale corpului \u0219i gener eaz\u0103 prin " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la v ertebratele la care paleocerebelul atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 comparativ cu alte clase, se poate aprecia c\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. Se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu vertebratele clasei imediat inferioare prin prezen\u021ba lagenei prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu papil\u0103 bazilar\u0103 ", + "B. Se deosebesc de clas a imediat inferioar \u0103, prin existen\u021ba a dou\u0103 de mecanisme de acomodare ale ochiului pentru vederea la distan\u021b\u0103 ", + " C. Se deosebesc de clasa imediat superioar\u0103 prin dominan\u021ba corpilor stria\u021bi \u0219i a talamusului \u00een raport cu restul componentelor creierului ", + "D. Se aseam\u0103n\u0103 doar cu clasa imediat superioar\u0103 , prin organizarea pe straturi a neuronilor din " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la toate sucurile digestive care realizeaz\u0103 transformarea hidrolitic\u0103 a alimentelor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. 2 dintre acestea \u00eensumeaz\u0103 6 enzime proteolitice \u0219i 3 enzime lipolitice care sunt activate \u00een tubul digestiv ", + "B. sunt secretate de 8 glande anexe, iar 3 dintre acestea au secre \u021bie alcalin \u0103 ", + "C. 2 dintre acestea descompun amidon \u0219i/sau dextrine \u0219i sunt secretate de epitelii glandulare cu structur\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare ", + "D. sunt secretate pasiv \u0219i excretate \u00een cavit\u0103\u021bile a 3 segmente ale tubului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Preciza\u021bi care este volumul de aer minim din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul unei inspira\u021bii normale.", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. 1500 ml ", + "B. 2800 ml ", + "C. 2300 ml ", + "D. 3500 ml " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Unele epitelii ciliate pot avea urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. Asigur\u0103 recep\u021bionarea stimulilor auditivi, vestibulari , olfactivi, gustativi ", + "B. Particip\u0103 la condi\u021bionarea aerului la nivelul c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", + "C. Formeaz\u0103 \u021besuturi pseudo -, uni - sau pluristratificate ", + "D. Asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia majorit\u0103\u021bii produ\u0219ilor finali ai digestiei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Nucleii trunchiului cerebral prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. Transmit informa\u021biile senzoriale recep\u021bionate de c\u0103tre mugurii gustativi, receptori i vestibu lari, olfactivi , receptori tactili, termici ", + "B. Comand\u0103 reflexe somatomotorii \u00eenn\u0103scute de mastica\u021bie (musculatura limb ii), de degluti\u021bie (mu\u0219chii faringelui), respiratorii (mu\u0219chii intercostali externi) ", + "C. Coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe programate genetic \u0219i subordonate controlului etajelor superioare ale creierului ", + "D. Controleaz\u0103 reflexe vegetative lacrimale, gastrosecretorii, de mic\u021biun e, cardiovasculare , etc. " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi morfologice ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nului vertebratelor :", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. Aspect ul comun, saciform , la reptile \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri ", + "B. Mecanism ul comun al ventila\u021biei la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", + "C. Structura alveolar \u0103 la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", + "D. Ramificarea bronhiilor \u00een interiorul pl\u0103m \u00e2nilor la homeoterme " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Distribu\u021bia stomatelor la nivelul frunzei determin\u0103:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. Randament ul crescut al fotosintezei \u00een raport cu respira\u021bia ", + "B. Cre\u0219terea evapor\u0103rii apei la nivelul hidatodelor ", + "C. Reducerea pierderilor de ap\u0103 \u00een condi\u021biile hidrat\u0103rii de 50% din capacitatea de re\u021binere a apei ", + "D. Cre\u0219terea vitezei de circula\u021bie a sevei brute prin vasele lemnoase, datorit\u0103 presiunii radiculare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt manifest\u0103ri comune ale bolii Parkinson \u0219i ale epilepsiei:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. Rigiditatea corpului ", + "B. Paralizia membrelor ", + "C. Pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei ", + "D. Tetraplegie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 comun\u0103 pentru trunchiul cerebral \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. Controlul exercitat asupra etajelor SNC ", + "B. Automatismul centrilor nervo\u0219i ", + "C. Prezen\u021ba \u0219an\u021burilor longitudinale ", + "D. Organizarea substan\u021belor alb\u0103 \u0219i cenu\u0219ie " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Canalul cohlear la mamifere este delimitat inferior de:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. Membrana tectoria ", + "B. Peretele osos al melcului ", + "C. Membrana bazilar\u0103 ", + "D. Peretele osos al craniului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Anuria se poate instala \u00een caz de:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. Caren\u021be alimentare ", + "B. Hipertiroidism ", + "C. Avitaminoz\u0103 ", + "D. Com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Cea mai str\u00e2ns \u0103 conexiune anatomo - func\u021bional\u0103 dintre receptorii acustici, sacul\u0103 \u0219i lagen\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te la:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. Pe\u0219ti ", + "B. Amfibieni ", + "C. Reptile ", + "D. P\u0103s\u0103ri " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Succesiunea elementelor din structura globului ocular, cuprinse \u00eentre partea posterioar\u0103 a acestuia \u0219i umoarea sticloas\u0103, este urm\u0103toarea:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. Coroid\u0103 \u2013 sclerotic\u0103 - stratul pigmentar al retinei \u2013 stratul celulelor fotoreceptoare \u2013 nerv optic ", + "B. Sclerotic\u0103 \u2013 coroid\u0103 \u2013 stratul celulelor fotoreceptoare \u2013 stratul pigmentar al r etinei - nervul optic ", + "C. Cornee \u2013 coroid\u0103 - stratul celulelor cu con \u0219i cu bastona\u0219 \u2013 celule multipolare \u2013 celule bipolare ", + "D. Sclerotic\u0103 \u2013 coroid\u0103 \u2013 stratul pigmentar al retinei \u2013 celule fotoreceptoare \u2013 celule bipolare \u2013 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Presiunea caracteri stic\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui la v\u0103rsarea \u00een atriul drept al mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. Este mare datorit\u0103 volemiei ", + "B. Este mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 v \u00e2scozit \u0103\u021bii crescut e a s\u00e2ngelui ", + "C. Este mare datorit\u0103 d ebitul ui cardiac crescut ", + "D. Este mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei valvulelor " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Produ\u0219ii finali comuni ai ac\u021biunii sucului gastric, pancreatic \u0219i intestinal sunt:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. Albumoze \u0219i peptone ", + "B. Acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicogen ", + "C. Oligopeptide \u0219i maltoz\u0103 ", + "D. Monogliceride \u0219i glicerol " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura tulpinii la dicotiledonate, \u021besuturil e pot fi prezente de la ex terior spre interior astfel :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 colenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 liber \u2013 lemn \u2013 parenchim ", + "B. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 colenchim \u2013 liber \u2013 lemn \u2013 parenchim ", + "C. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 colenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 lemn \u2013 liber \u2013 parenchim ", + "D. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 lemn \u2013 liber \u2013 parenchim " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre tipuri le de nutri\u021bie /specie reprezentativ\u0103/particularit\u0103\u021bi anatomo -func\u021bionale :", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. Nutri\u021bie parazit\u0103/ Orobanche minor /tulpini metamorfozate de tip haustori ", + "B. Nutr i\u021bie saprofit\u0103/mucegaiul alb/ descompune substan\u021be anorganice complexe ", + "C. Nutri\u021bie mixotrof\u0103/v\u00e2sc/r\u0103d\u0103cini metamorfozate absorb sev\u0103 brut\u0103 pentru fotosintez\u0103 ", + "D. Nutri\u021bie simbiont\u0103/micorize/transfer reciproc de substan\u021be \u00eentre plant\u0103 \u0219i bacterie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile simbionte sunt prezente \u00een:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. Cecumurile intestinale ale p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", + "2. Intestinul gros al omului ", + "3. Ierbarul rumeg\u0103toarelor ", + "4. Intestinul gros al unor ierbivore " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele componente ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii con\u021bin \u021besut cartilaginos:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. Laringe ", + "2. Bronhii ", + "3. Trahee ", + "4. Bronhiole " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Structur ile notat e cu n r. 2 se caracterizeaz \u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. La extremitatea anterioar\u0103 prezint\u0103 lobii optici , dominan\u021bi la pe\u0219ti si amfibieni ", + "2. Lateral prezint\u0103 corpii stria\u021bi , structuri nervoase foarte volumin oase la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", + "3. Formeaz\u0103 scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 stratificat\u0103 la amfibieni , reptile , p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", + "4. Sunt component e ale telencefalului \u0219i sunt dominant e la reptile \u0219i mamifere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Forma\u021biunea nervoas \u0103 notat\u0103 cu nr . 5 poate avea urm\u0103toarele roluri:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. Controleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile legate de hr\u0103nire ", + "2. Regleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular ", + "3. Controleaz\u0103 secre\u021b iile digestive ", + "4. Regleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile respiratorii " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Component a notat\u0103 cu n r. 4 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. La pas\u0103ri atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 ", + "2. Con\u021bine receptori vestibulari \u0219i controleaz\u0103 echilibrul ", + "3. La mamifere este in rela\u021bie cu puntea lui Varolio ", + "4. La pe\u0219ti prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la proprioceptori " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Structur ile notat e cu n r. 1 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. Con\u021bin la extremitatea anterioar\u0103 celule mitrale ale c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 tractu ri olfactiv e ", + "2. Prime sc informa\u021bii prin axonii celulelor multipolare cu originea \u00een tunica intern\u0103 a ochilor ", + "3. Sunt component e ale telencefalului la toate vertebratele ", + "4. Apar\u021bin mezencefalului \u0219i sunt foarte volumino \u0219i la pe\u0219ti " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Trunchiul cerebral controleaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele reflexe vegetative :", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. Salivar ", + "2. Mic\u021biunea ", + "3. Lacrimal ", + "4. Defeca\u021bia " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Reprezint\u0103 particularit\u0103\u021bi ale organelor de sim\u021b la pe\u0219ti:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. Urechea medie apare sub forma a dou\u0103 pungi faringiene laterale ", + "2. Linia lateral\u0103 con\u021bine celule senzoriale pentru perceperea curen\u021bilor ", + "3. Cristalinul este deformat de un mu\u0219chi pentru a distinge obiectele \u00een mi\u0219care ", + "4. Ochii sunt veziculari, iar cristalinul este sferic \u0219i rig id " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele gliale pot \u00eendeplini func\u021bii comune/similare cu celulele altor \u021besuturi , cum ar fi :", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. \u021aesutul conjunctiv fluid, prin celulele sanguine nucleate prezente \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i limf\u0103 ", + "2. \u021aesutul conjunctiv care con\u021bine elemente componente \u00een propor\u021bii relativ egale ", + "3. \u021aesutul conjunctiv bogat \u00een fibre de colagen ", + "4. \u021aesutul epitelial care produce substan\u021be organice " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Experimentul de eviden\u021biere a fotosintezei la o plant\u0103 acvatic\u0103 , pe baza elimin\u0103rii oxigenului , poate e\u0219ua din cauza:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. Reducerii intensit\u0103\u021b ii luminii care \u00eentrerupe procesul ", + "2. Leziunilor celulare produse de lumina \u00een exces ", + "3. Expunerii plantei la lumin\u0103 monocrom\u0103 ro\u0219ie ", + "4. Absen\u021bei dioxidului de carbon \u00een apa fiart\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103cit\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Complexitatea comportamentului mamiferelor este dependent\u0103 anatomo -func\u021bional de urm\u0103toarele caracteristici ale scoar\u021bei cerebrale:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. Volumul \u0219i \u00eentinderea \u021besutului nervos format din neuroni de form\u0103 diferit\u0103 ", + "2. Formarea noilor circuite interneuronale \u0219i exper ien\u021ba individual\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. Modificarea formei prelungirilor neuronale \u0219i a traseului impulsurilor nervoase ", + "4. Capacitatea de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i structura complex\u0103 a scoar\u021bei cerebrale " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocieri directe sau indirecte \u00eentre receptorii unor analizatori \u0219i componente ale SNC implicate \u00een declan\u0219area unor reflexe/comportamente:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. Muguri gustativi: nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral , talamus , scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 , ", + "2. Creste ampulare : nuclei se nzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral, diencefal, lob temporal al scoar\u021bei cerebrale , arhicerebel ", + "3. Proprioceptori : m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii , diencefal , arii senzitive corticale , paleocerebel ", + "4. Fibre nervoase libere din piele : neuroni viscerosenzitiv i medulari , talamus, gir precentral cortical " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Expunerea unei plante la lumin\u0103, \u00een condi\u021biile umidit\u0103\u021bii optime a solului, favorizeaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. Sinteza pigmen\u021bilor clorofilieni \u0219i eliberarea electronilor la nivelul sistemelor fotochimice ", + "2. Ascensiunea pasiv\u0103 a sev ei brute prin vase conduc\u0103toare formate din celule moarte ", + "3. Men\u021binerea echilibrului osmotic la nivelul \u021besuturilor \u0219i prevenirea supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirii plantei ", + "4. Acumularea substan\u021belor organice \u00een \u021besutul fundamental \u0219i \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea atmosferei cu O 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Reducerea polu \u0103rii \u0219i/sau producerea de energie pot fi asigurate cu participarea:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. Bacteriilor \u0219i ciupercilor saprofite ", + "2. Organismelor fotoautotrofe ", + "3. Microorganismelor anaerobe ", + "4. Organismelor autotrofe chemosintetizante " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Epiteliile gland ulare exocrine se pot caracteriz a prin:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. Secret\u0103 produ\u0219i de natur\u0103 organic\u0103 \u0219i anorganic\u0103 ", + "2. Sintetizeaz\u0103 enzime hidrolitice excretate \u00een cavitatea gastric\u0103 \u0219i intestinal\u0103 ", + "3. Produc substan\u021be cu rol de protec\u021bie la nivelul tubului digestiv \u0219i a c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", + "4. Constituie principalele compone nte ale glandelor digestive exocrine -salivare, ficat, pancreas " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Diferite b oli de natur\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 pot genera simptome precum:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. Pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei, \u00eencetinirea respira\u021biei, paralizii ", + "2. Tuse seac\u0103, modific\u0103ri ale respira\u021biei, temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103 ", + "3. \u00cencetare a func\u021biei rinichiului asociat\u0103 cu anurie ", + "4. Grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, febr\u0103 , junghi toracic, icter " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Activitatea sistemului cardiovascular \u0219i respirator se adapteaz\u0103 permanent la gradul de solicitare a organismului astfel:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. Efortul \u2013 cre\u0219te capacitatea pulmonar\u0103 total\u0103, relaxeaz\u0103 sfincterele precapilare ", + "2. Repaus ul \u2013 scade frecven\u021ba cardiac\u0103, vasoconstric\u021bie periferic\u0103 ", + "3. Efortul \u2013 expira\u021bie activ\u0103, cre\u0219te presiunea arterial\u0103 ", + "4. Repaus ul \u2013 scad e debitul cardiac \u0219i amplitudinea inspira\u021biei, relaxeaz\u0103 musculatur a arteriolelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Diferen\u021bele de concentra\u021bie dintre : concentra\u021bia mediului intracelular al celulel or rizodermei \u0219i concentra\u021bia solu\u021biei din sol influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia apei astfel:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. Volumul mai mare al sucului vacuolar determin\u0103 ie\u0219irea apei din celule ", + "2. Concentra\u021bia mai redus \u0103 a solu\u021biei din sol determin\u0103 intrarea apei \u00een celule ", + "3. Volumul mai sc\u0103zut al sucului vacuolar permite intrarea apei \u00een celule ", + "4. Concentra\u021bia mai mic\u0103 a solu\u021biei din sol determin\u0103 trecerea apei \u00een sol " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Grana ar e urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. Este localizat\u0103 pe lamele derivate din membrana intern\u0103 a cloroplast ului ", + "2. Con\u021bine ribozomi cu rol \u00een sinteza pigmen\u021bilor ", + "3. Depoziteaz\u0103 pigmen\u021bi clorofilieni activi \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 ", + "4. Au forma unor vezicule dispersate \u00een strom a cloroplastului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi variantele \u00een care \u021besuturile conjunctive sunt asociate corect cu lo calizarea, structura, aspectul \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile acestora:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. Cartilaje costale \u2013 con\u021binut redus de fibre \u2013 aspect translucid \u2013 consisten\u021b\u0103 fluid\u0103 ", + "2. Articula\u021bii \u2013 cantitate mare de fibre \u2013 con\u021binut redus de celule \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 mare ", + "3. Trahee \u2013 lamele dispuse dezordonat \u2013 culoare sidefie \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 mare ", + "4. Centrul oaselor scurte \u2013 lamele dispuse dezordonat \u2013 aspect buretos \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 medie " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi structurale ale sistemului digestiv la vertebrate:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. La pe\u0219ti i cartilagino\u0219i exist\u0103 o delimitare clar\u0103 \u00eentre cavitatea bucal\u0103 \u0219i faringe ", + "2. Ciclostomii prezint\u0103 \u00een gur\u0103 din\u021bi corno\u0219i pe maxilare , iar stomacul lipse\u0219te ", + "3. La p\u0103s\u0103ri faringele prezint\u0103 o dilata\u021bie ca re stocheaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmoaie hrana ", + "4. P\u0103s\u0103rile au dou\u0103 cecumuri la limita dintre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i cel gros " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Vertebratele care au rinichi de tip mezonefros prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi ale sistemului excretor:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. Nefronii sunt mai numero\u0219i \u0219i mai perf orman\u021bi dec\u00e2t la ciclostomi, prev\u0103zu\u021bi cu capsul\u0103 ", + "2. Unele specii care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii aride, pot elimina urin \u0103 diluat\u0103 ", + "3. La formele marine rinichii men\u021bin o presiunea osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a mediului extern ", + "4. La vertebratele de ap\u0103 dulce rinichii re\u021bin apa din mediu \u0219i produc urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "La plante, rela\u021bia dintre respira\u021bie \u0219i factorii extern i este influen\u021bat\u0103 astfel :", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. O concentra\u021bie atmosferic\u0103 de 75% O 2 accelereaz\u0103 foarte mult respira\u021bia ", + "2. Odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta respira\u021bia scade, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u021besuturile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc ", + "3. Gradul de hidratare a l celulelor influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare ", + "4. Prezen\u021ba \u00een aer a dioxidului de carbon \u00een exces, inhib\u0103 respira\u021bia " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Forma\u021biunile situate la baza emisferelor cerebrale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. La ciclostomi a u func\u021bii motorii \u0219i rol dominant ", + "2. La p\u0103s\u0103ri ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte din creier ", + "3. La reptile neuronii sunt a\u0219eza\u021bi \u00een straturi ", + "4. La toate vertebratele au func\u021bii motorii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Forma\u021biunea derivat\u0103 din metencefal are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici la mamifere:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. Prime\u0219te impulsuri din aria mot orie prin nucleii din puntea lui Varolio ", + "2. Este \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu nucleii vestibulari \u0219i controleaz\u0103 echilibrul ", + "3. Trimite c\u0103tre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 impul suri care dau precizie mi\u0219c\u0103rilor ", + "4. Controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular \u0219i pozi\u021bia corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Alege varianta \u00een care sunt corect asociate nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie ai mamiferelor , localizarea acestora \u0219i func\u021biile pe care le coordoneaz\u0103:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Nucleii senzitivi \u2013 trunchiul cerebral \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103rile mu\u0219chilor fe\u021bei ", + "2. Nucleii bazali \u2013 emisfe rele cerebrale \u2013 pozi\u021bia \u0219i mi\u0219carea corpului ", + "3. Centrul gastrosecretor \u2013 talamus \u2013 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 ", + "4. Nucleii vegetativi \u2013 hipotalamus \u2013 echilibrul hidric " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2019" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi eroarea despre epiteliile de acoperire:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin lipsa vaselor de s\u00e2nge ", + "B. sunt separate de \u021besuturile vecine prin membrana bazal\u0103 ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea structurii receptoare retiniene ", + "D. pot avea unul sau mai multe straturi celulare " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Plantele adaptate la umbr\u0103 se deosebesc de cele adaptate la lumin\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. fotosinteza atinge platoul maxim la 100.000 luc\u0219i ", + "B. frunze mai bogate \u00een clorofil\u0103 ", + "C. limiteaz\u0103 transpira\u021bia printr -o cuticul\u0103 groas\u0103 ", + "D. grosimea limbului frunzei este mai mare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre hidroliza digestiv\u0103 sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. necesit\u0103 enzime specializate fiecare pentru mai multe tipuri de reac\u021bii ", + "B. este un proces de transformare chimic\u0103 a substan\u021belor alimentare ", + "C. este o reac\u021bie de descompunere cu parti cipare enzimatic\u0103 ", + "D. la fiecare leg\u0103tur\u0103 care este rupt\u0103 se adaug\u0103 o molecul\u0103 de ap\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Molecula de ATP se deosebe\u0219te de ADP prin:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. acumuleaz\u0103 energie \u00eentre grup\u0103rile fosfat din pozi\u021biile 2 \u0219i 3 ", + "B. la eucariotele aerobe se produce \u00een cantitate mare \u00een citoplasma c elular\u0103 ", + "C. este folosit\u0103 de celul\u0103 \u00een toate procesele de la nivelul mitocondriilor ", + "D. energia \u00eenmagazinat\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 exclusiv pentru cre\u0219terea celulelor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Microglia reprezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. grupuri de neuroni care formez\u0103 substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a sistemului nervos ", + "B. structuri care apar\u021bin \u021besutului muscular striat de tip cardiac ", + "C. celule cu numeroase ramifica\u021bii care \u00eenso\u021besc neuronii ", + "D. celule care genereaz\u0103 \u0219i conduc impulsuri nervoase " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Corpii gra\u0219i:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. sunt structuri ata\u0219ate veziculelor seminale ale amfibienilor masculi ", + "B. sunt anexe ale gonadelor at\u00e2t la masculii c\u00e2t \u0219i la femelele amfibienilor ", + "C. se g\u0103sesc la polii anteriori ai rinichilor de la amfibieni ", + "D. se g\u0103sesc ata\u0219a\u021bi la vezica urinar\u0103 a reptilelor \u0219i amfibienilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Limfocitele:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 proteine care se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de anticorpi pentru a -i neutraliza ", + "B. sunt elemente celulare care produc antigene cu rol \u00een imunitatea corpului ", + "C. la adult, sunt produse de \u021besutul reticulat din m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 a diafizei ", + "D. apar\u021bin leucocitelor \u0219i produc anticorpi specifici fiec\u0103rui tip de antigen " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre elemente apar\u021bin\u00e2nd sistemului respirator, tipul de \u021besut caracteristic \u0219i func\u021bia pe care o au :", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. trahee \u2013 cartilaj fibros \u2013 trecerea aerului ", + "B. laringe \u2013 \u021besut hialin \u2013 producerea sunetelor ", + "C. alveole \u2013 epiteliu pluri stratificat \u2013 schimbul de gaze ", + "D. cavit\u0103\u021bi nazale \u2013 epiteliu pseudostratificat \u2013 tranzitul aerului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Temperatura optim\u0103 corelat\u0103 cu consumul de CO 2 \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103 la cartof este :", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. 30-35\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 40mg/dm2/or\u0103 ", + "B. 35-40\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 30mg/ dm2/or\u0103 ", + "C. 45-50\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 20mg/ dm2/or\u0103 ", + "D. 20-30\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 40mg/ dm2/or\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Xerofitele au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici, cu excep\u021bia:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. frunzele au dimensiuni reduse ", + "B. prezint\u0103 numeroase hidatode ", + "C. cuticula poate fi \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 ", + "D. num\u0103rul de stomate este redus " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Epiteliul traheei, ca \u0219i epiteliul intestinului sub\u021bire:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. produce mucus care re\u021bine particulele str\u0103ine ", + "B. se sprijin\u0103 pe o membran\u0103 bazal\u0103 groas\u0103 ", + "C. prezint\u0103 microvili la polul apical al celulelor ", + "D. este constituit din celule \u00eenalte al\u0103turate " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Bacteriile fixatoare de azot:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. oxideaz\u0103 NH 3 din nodozit\u0103\u021bi ", + "B. furnizeaz\u0103 gazdei substan\u021be azotate ", + "C. formeaz\u0103 micorize pe r\u0103d\u0103cini ", + "D. se g\u0103sesc la multe specii de arbori " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Reac\u021biile de hidroliz\u0103 din timpul digestei chimice:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. au ca rezultat dizolvarea \u0219i umectarea hranei ", + "B. se realizeaz\u0103 extracelular \u0219i intracelular, la celenterate ", + "C. elimin\u0103 o molecul\u0103 de ap\u0103 la fiecare leg\u0103tur\u0103 chimic\u0103 rupt\u0103 ", + "D. au loc la un pH foarte acid \u00een toate cavit\u0103\u021bile digestive " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Etape ale digestiei chimice a lipidelor din carne au loc \u00een:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. stomac, ca urmare a activit\u0103\u021bii lipazei gastrice ", + "B. intestinul sub\u021bire, sub ac\u021biunea enzimelor biliare ", + "C. ileon, datorit\u0103 lipazei active \u00een lumenul intestinal ", + "D. duoden, prin activitatea lipazei pancreat ice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Tubul digestiv al iepurelui se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. apendice foarte voluminos ", + "B. stomac cu bacterii care diger\u0103 celuloza ", + "C. intestin sub\u021bire foarte lung ", + "D. stomac tetracameral care secret\u0103 pepsin\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru vehicularea volumelor de gaze respiratorii, la mamifere, se contract\u0103:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. mu\u0219chii g\u00e2tului - pentru VIR ", + "B. mu\u0219chiul diafragm \u2013 pentru VER ", + "C. mu\u0219chii intercostali interni - VIR ", + "D. mu\u0219chiul diafragm - pentru VR " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei din sol de c\u0103tre r\u0103d\u0103 cin\u0103:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. se bazeaz\u0103 pe difuziunea apei printr -o membran\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", + "B. atinge valoarea optim\u0103 \u00een solurile cu con\u021binut maxim de ap\u0103 ", + "C. const\u0103 \u00een p\u0103trunderea apei \u00een solu\u021bia mai diluat\u0103 din perii absorban\u021bi ", + "D. se realizeaz\u0103 de c\u0103tre rizoderma \u0219i exoderma care protej eaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul conjunctiv fluid, la mamifere:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. con\u021bine elemente figurate biconvexe, \u00eenc\u0103rcate cu o protein\u0103 cu fier ", + "B. asigur\u0103 ap\u0103rarea imunitar\u0103, prin limfocitele care fagociteaz\u0103 antigenele ", + "C. prezint\u0103 aglutininele \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2, \u00een cazul grupei sanguine prim itor universal ", + "D. transport\u0103 la ficat, prin vena port\u0103, produ\u0219ii finali de digestie " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen sec\u021biune longitudinal\u0103 prin rinichiul uman, se observ\u0103:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. artera renal\u0103, vena renal\u0103 \u0219i ureterul care intr\u0103 prin hil ", + "B. calicele membranoase, situate la v\u00e2rful piramidelor renale ", + "C. capsula conjunctiv\u0103 fibroas\u0103 cu pere\u021bi dubli, la suprafa\u021b\u0103 ", + "D. piramidele renale cu baza spre pelvisul renal, \u00een zona medular\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 a inimii mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. \u021besutul excitoconductor car diac se contract\u0103 \u00een mod ritmic ", + "B. valvulele sigmoide sunt ancorate de ventricule prin cordaje ", + "C. epicardul este foi\u021ba visceral\u0103 din structura pericardului ", + "D. ventriculele au interiorul neted \u0219i peretele mai gros dec\u00e2t al atriilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Celulele embrionului plantelor :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. au parcurs un program genetic precis de diferen\u021biere ", + "B. sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u021be organice \u00een cursul respira\u021biei ", + "C. pot fi observate macroscopic \u00een diferite faze ale mitozei ", + "D. sunt a\u0219ezate al\u0103turat, f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021bii libere \u00eentre ele " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapsa efectoare se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. doi neuroni separa\u021bi prin fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", + "B. un axon \u0219i celula unei glande ", + "C. o dendrit\u0103 \u0219i o celul\u0103 muscular\u0103 ", + "D. o celul\u0103 senzorial\u0103 \u0219i un neuron " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la schimbul de gaze:", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. O2 eliberat \u00een fotosintez\u0103 provine din descompunerea CO 2 ", + "B. CO 2 din \u021besuturi circul\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte sub form\u0103 de bicarbona\u021bi ", + "C. la nivel alveolar, hemoglobina plasmatic\u0103 se \u00eencarc\u0103 cu O 2 ", + "D. la plante este favorizat de prezen\u021ba unor forma\u021biuni ale \u021besutului de ap\u0103rare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Digestia intracelular\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. este o form\u0103 de hr\u0103nire la protozoare \u0219i omizi ", + "B. reprezint\u0103 un mecanism al imunit\u0103\u021bii la limfocite ", + "C. utilizeaz\u0103 organite veziculare echipate cu enzime ", + "D. are loc \u00een cavit\u0103\u021bi intracelulare ale tubului digestiv " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la organele cu rol \u00een depozitarea unor substan\u021be:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. rizom \u2013 m\u0103rg\u0103ritar, p\u0103l\u0103mid\u0103 ", + "B. \u021besut osos \u2013 s\u0103ruri de calciu ", + "C. bulb \u2013 ghiocel, pir, ceap\u0103 ", + "D. \u021besut acvifer - cactus " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Prin func\u021bia de excre\u021bie se elimin\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. apa, dup\u0103 o ingestie masiv\u0103 de lichide ", + "B. materiile fecale rezultate \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire ", + "C. substan\u021be rezultate din dezasimila\u021bie, precum alcoolul ", + "D. substan\u021be cu rol de semnal chimic, de exemplu ureea " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. exoderma r\u0103d\u0103cinii are func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie \u00een zonele apropiate de v\u00e2rful de cre\u0219tere ", + "B. lamelele \u021besutului osos spongios con\u021bin spa\u021bii care confer\u0103 un aspect buretos ", + "C. molecula de clorofil\u0103 capteaz\u0103 electroni sub ac\u021biunea razelor luminoase ", + "D. hidratarea necorespunz\u0103toare a plantelor poate mic\u0219ora spa\u021biile dintre celule " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre particularit\u0103\u021bile func\u021bionale ale sistemului respirator la vertebrate este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. pielea amfibienilor este sub\u021bire \u0219i con\u021bine foarte multe vase de s\u00e2nge ", + "B. respira\u021bia p\u0103s\u0103rilor este favorizat\u0103 de sacii aerieni care le cresc densitatea ", + "C. plierea pronun\u021bat\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor modific\u0103 semnificativ rata schimburilor gazoase ", + "D. celulele homeotermelor produc c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i astfel depind de temperatura mediului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 a poikilotermelor:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. amestecarea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat cu cel neoxigenat la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", + "B. arterele cutanee ale broa\u0219telor transport\u0103 dioxid de carbon ", + "C. sistemul excretor con\u021bine cloaca la reptile \u0219i amfibieni ", + "D. gura ciclostomilor este rotund\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de maxilare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 poate fi cauzat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. paralizii ale membrelor ", + "B. edeme cronice ", + "C. boli ale rinichiului ", + "D. tulbur\u0103ri de vedere " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul de fotosintez\u0103 se consum\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. H2O ", + "2. compu\u0219i macroergici ", + "3. C02 ", + "4. pigmen\u021bi asimilatori " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Dezvoltarea saprofitelor din alimente poate fi comb\u0103tut\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. mediu acid \u2013 ex. iaurt ", + "2. mediu hipertonic \u2013 ex. dulcea\u021b\u0103 ", + "3. deshidratare \u2013 ex. pesmet ", + "4. saramur\u0103 \u2013 ex. br\u00e2nz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "La angiosperme, seva elaborat\u0103:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. circul\u0103 pasiv prin floem, \u00een ambele sensuri ", + "2. transport\u0103 celuloz\u0103 spre organele de depozit ", + "3. are o vitez\u0103 de circula\u021bie mai mare dec\u00e2t a sevei brute ", + "4. este transportat\u0103 prin celule tubulare vii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii saciformi:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. realizeaz\u0103 schimbul de gaze la tetrapodele poikiloterme ", + "2. la p\u0103s\u0103ri se numesc saci aerieni \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een prelungirea unor bronhii ", + "3. sunt prezen\u021bi la vertebratele cu circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", + "4. au c\u0103ile aeriene intrapulmonare bine dezvoltate " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen mecanismul osmotic de reglare a deschiderii ostiolei la lumin\u0103, celulele stomatice:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. absorb ap\u0103 din celulele anexe ", + "2. \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma ", + "3. \u00ee\u0219i cresc presiunea osmotic\u0103 ", + "4. devin turgescente " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Din analiza grafic ului al\u0103turat rezult\u0103 c\u0103 factorii limitan\u021bi pentru intensitatea fotosintezei speciilor notate cu A -D au fost:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. temperatura - pentru specia B ", + "2. lumina \u0219i temperatura - pentru speciile A,C ", + "3. CO 2 \u0219i temperatura - pentru specia D ", + "4. CO 2 \u0219i lumina - pentru speciile C, A " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een vase este determinat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. cre\u0219terea volemiei ", + "2. sc\u0103derea elasticit\u0103\u021bii vaselor sanguine ", + "3. mic\u0219orarea calibrului vaselor ", + "4. cre\u0219terea presiunii osmotice a s\u00e2ngelui " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sistemul circulator al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, spre deosebire de cel al omului, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. inim\u0103 tetracameral\u0103 ", + "2. trei vene cave ", + "3. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i complet\u0103 ", + "4. c\u00e2rj\u0103 aortic\u0103 orientat\u0103 spre dreapta " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune, spre deosebire de presiunea radicular\u0103, depi nde de:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. intensitatea transpira\u021biei ", + "2. cantitatea de oxigen din sol ", + "3. valoarea presiunii osmotice \u00een frunze ", + "4. intensitatea respira\u021biei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Maltaza \u0219i zaharaza:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii din care rezult\u0103 glucoz\u0103 ", + "2. fac parte din dizaharidele intestinale ", + "3. sunt active \u00een condi\u021bii de pH bazic ", + "4. finalizeaz\u0103 digestia amidonului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "O hematie se afl\u0103 \u00een artera renal\u0103. Pentru a reveni \u00een acela\u0219i loc, traseul va include:", + "question_number": "41", + "options": [ + "1. capilarele alveolare, unde cedeaz\u0103 CO 2 pentru a fi expirat ", + "2. tubul nefronului, de unde se \u00eentoarce \u00een capilarele din jurul acestuia ", + "3. artera care pleac\u0103 din ventriculul st\u00e2ng cu oxigen adus de la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "4. vena renal\u0103 care porne\u0219te din vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een rinichi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. transportul glucidelor \u2013 proces activ ", + "2. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune \u2013 proces pasiv ", + "3. presiunea radicular\u0103 \u2013 proces activ ", + "4. transportul substan\u021belor din depozite \u2013 proces pasiv " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre respira\u021bie sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", + "question_number": "44", + "options": [ + "1. celulele de la baza r\u0103d\u0103cinii respir\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t cele din v\u00e2rf ", + "2. respira\u021bia intens\u0103 a plantelor diminueaz\u0103 produc\u021bia la hectar ", + "3. temperatura optim\u0103 pentru respira\u021bie este aceea\u0219i la toate plantele ", + "4. fructele \u0219i legumele \u00eentregi respir\u0103 mai lent dec\u00e2t cele cu leziuni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Artera pulmonar\u0103 la mamifere:", + "question_number": "45", + "options": [ + "1. merge \u00een acela\u0219i sens cu vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", + "2. pleac\u0103 de la inim\u0103 din atriul drept ", + "3. urmeaz\u0103 traseul arterei aorte ", + "4. se bifurc\u0103 pentru cei doi pl\u0103m\u00eeni sub arcul a ortic " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen procesul de absorb\u021bi e a apei de c\u0103tre r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. sucul vacuolar al celulelor rizodermei este mai diluat \u0219i atrage apa din sol ", + "2. membrana celulelor rizodermei func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o membran\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", + "3. solu\u021bia din sol este mai concentrat\u0103 , astfel c\u0103 apa va fi absorbit\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 ", + "4. o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 absoarbe apa dintr -o solu\u021bie mai diluat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura unui osteon se g\u0103sesc:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. vase de s\u00e2nge, termina\u021bii nervoase, osteocite ", + "2. canal Havers, venul\u0103, periost ", + "3. lamele concentrice, arteriol\u0103 , osteoplaste ", + "4. trabecule osoase, canal medular " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre cambiul subero -felodermic:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. este prezent la plantele cu \u00eengro\u0219are anual\u0103 ", + "2. genereaz\u0103 spre exterior celule care acumuleaz\u0103 suberin\u0103 ", + "3. este un meristem secundar cu dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 ", + "4. celulele sale genereaz\u0103 feloderm spre exterior " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "La \u00eentoarcerea venoas\u0103 \u0219i umplerea atriilor cu s\u00e2nge, contribuie:", + "question_number": "49", + "options": [ + "1. presiunea cu care circul\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een sistemul venos ", + "2. contrac\u021biile miocardului \u00een timpul sistolei ventriculare ", + "3. efectul de comprimare a venelor \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii musculare ", + "4. contrac\u021biile miocardului atriilor \u00een timpul sistolei atriale " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt \u00een rela\u021bie de direct\u0103 propor\u021bionalitate urm\u0103torii parametri ai sistemului circulator:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. volumul s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i presiunea acestuia \u00een artere ", + "2. efortul muscular \u0219i debit ul cardiac ", + "3. calibrul arterelor \u0219i viteza s\u00e2ngelui care circul\u0103 prin ele ", + "4. v\u00e2scozitatea \u0219i volumul s\u00e2ngelui " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la amfibieni este adev\u0103rat:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. partea st\u00e2ng\u0103 a ventriculului con\u021bine CO 2 adus de la \u021besuturi ", + "2. \u00een atriul drept ajunge s\u00e2nge cu C O2 prin vena cutanee ", + "3. s\u00e2ngele se amestec\u0103 par\u021bial \u00een cele dou\u0103 atrii ", + "4. dispozitivul special din inim\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 amestecul s\u00e2ngelui " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Asem\u0103n\u0103rile func\u021bionale dintre stomate \u0219i lenticele sunt urm\u0103toarele:", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. au aspectul unor pori mici care apar la plante ", + "2. apar \u00een t impul cre\u0219terii primare a plantelor ", + "3. se \u00eenchid \u0219i se deschid \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile plantelor ", + "4. sunt structuri responsabile pentru schimbul de gaze " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Studiind componentele din structura inimii se poate aprecia c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. 5 - foi\u021ba intern\u0103 a unui sistem de membrane ", + "2. 1 - component\u0103 a circula\u021biei mari, av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 structura notat\u0103 cu 2 ", + "3. 3 - componente ale circula\u021biei mici care transport\u0103 oxigen din inspira\u021bie ", + "4. 6 - ven\u0103 a circula\u021biei mari \u00een care s\u00e2ngele este direc\u021bionat spre inim\u0103 prin contrac\u021bii a le mu\u0219chilor scheletici " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Despre func\u021bia componentelor notate cu 1 -7 este adev\u0103rat:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. componenta notat\u0103 cu 2 spre deosebire de cea ", + "2. tubul notat cu 4 con\u021bine urin\u0103 primar\u0103 ", + "3. componenta notat\u0103 cu 3 particip\u0103 la procesul de filtrare, at\u00e2t prin cap\u0103tul arterial, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin cel venos ", + "4. \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 8 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 procese prin care se influen\u021beaz\u0103 con\u021binutul din 6 \u0219i 7 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Atribuie frunzelor notate cu A -D denumirile \u0219tiin\u021bifice ale speciilor corespunz\u0103toare :", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. D - Sorbus torminalis ", + "2. C - Ranunculus nobilis ", + "3. A - Ginkgo biloba ", + "4. B - Valeriana frainetto " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Asocia\u021bi bolile sistemului digestiv cu manifest\u0103rile acestora:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. ulcer gastro -duodenal \u2013 ac\u021biunea coroziv\u0103 a HCl ", + "2. hepatita \u2013 urina \u00eenchis\u0103 la culoare ", + "3. gastrita \u2013 consumul de alimente alterate ", + "4. apendicita \u2013 temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele specii de bacterii anaerobe produc fermenta\u021bii:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ", + "2. Sacharomyces cerevisiae ", + "3. Streptotococcus lactis ", + "4. Mycoderma aceti " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2022" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 legat\u0103 de influen\u0163a factorilor asupra intensit\u0103\u0163ii respira\u0163iei la plante:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. scade atunci c\u00e2nd planta este expus\u0103 la lumin\u0103 ", + "B. celulele deshidratate au o respira\u0163ie intens\u0103 ", + "C. semin\u0163ele respir\u0103 intens la temperaturi sc\u0103zute ", + "D. mugurii respir\u0103 lent \u00een perioada repausului de iarn\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La temperaturi u\u0219or pozitive (1 -20 C) se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 urm\u0103toarele procese:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. absorb\u0163ia \u015fi circula\u0163ia la plante cresc \u00een intensitate ", + "B. citoplasma celulelor este prea v\u00e2scoas\u0103 ", + "C. diviziunile celulare sunt mai frecvente ", + "D. se formeaz\u0103 mul\u0163i peri\u015fori absorban\u0163i " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre valvulele sigmoide se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. sunt \u00eencadrate de c\u00e2te un inel fibros ", + "B. sunt ancorate de peretele ventricular ", + "C. au aspect membranos \u201eca trei cuiburi de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103\u201d ", + "D. permit trecerea s\u00e2ngelui din atrii \u00een ventricule " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "For\u021ba necesar\u0103 elimin\u0103rii apei prin guta\u021bie, este asigurat\u0103 \u00een mod direct de :", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. presi unea radicular\u0103, care pompeaz\u0103 activ apa ascendent ", + "B. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune a aparatului foliar, determinat\u0103 de evaporare ", + "C. respira\u021bia sc\u0103zut\u0103 a organelor vegetative, la temperaturi ridicate ", + "D. intensitatea fotosintezei, influen\u021bat\u0103 de spectrul radia\u021biei luminoase " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alimenta\u021bia bogat\u0103 \u00een dulciuri \u0219i cartofi poate determina:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. precipitarea carbona\u021bilor \u0219i fosfa\u021bilor ", + "B. precipitarea acidului uric ", + "C. acidifierea sau alcalinizarea urinei ", + "D. precipitarea oxala\u021bilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Pupila are diametrul reglabil, datorit\u0103 :", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. fibrelor circulare \u015fi radiare din iris ", + "B. cristalinului, cu geometrie reglabil\u0103 ", + "C. corneei, care refract\u0103 lumina ", + "D. mu\u015fchilor ciliari \u0219i proceselor ciliare " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fibra muscular\u0103 cardiac\u0103 difer\u0103 de fibra muscular\u0103 neted\u0103, prin:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. localizarea central\u0103 a nucleului ", + "B. prezen\u021ba acesteia \u00een pere\u021bii esofagului ", + "C. con\u021binutul de miofibrile contractile ", + "D. existen\u021ba stria\u021biilor transversale " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi sensul corect de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui prin inim\u0103:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. atriul drept \u2192 valva bicuspid\u0103\u2192 ventriculul drept ", + "B. ventriculul st\u00e2ng \u2192 valva pulmonar\u0103 \u2192 trunchiul pulmonar ", + "C. atriul st\u00e2ng \u2192 valva mitral\u0103 \u2192 ventriculul st\u00e2ng ", + "D. ventriculul drept \u2192 valva semilunar\u0103 aortic\u0103 \u2192 artera aort\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sinapsele interneuronale pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri:", + "question_number": "9", + "options": [ + "A. cordoanele anterioare \u0219i posterioare medulare ", + "B. ganglionul de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina pos terioar\u0103 a nervului spinal ", + "C. nucleii somatici \u0219i vegetativi din trunchiul cerebral ", + "D. pe r\u0103d\u0103cina anterioar\u0103, motorie, a nervului spinal " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre telencefal se poate afirma:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. este format din lobii olfactivi, lobii optici \u0219i emisferele cerebrale ", + "B. coordoneaz\u0103 func\u021biile motorii prin intermediul corpilor stria\u021bi ", + "C. are pe scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 o zon\u0103 complex\u0103 numit\u0103 neocerebel ", + "D. con\u021bine arii senzitive, motorii \u0219i de asocia\u021bie, la toate vertebratele " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Maculele otolitice, spre deosebire de crestele ampulare:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. sunt localizate \u00een peretele utriculei \u0219i saculei ", + "B. con\u021b in celule cu cili inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -o substan\u021b\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", + "C. sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale a capului ", + "D. con\u021bin celule care, la polul bazal, vin \u00een contact cu dendrite " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Referitor la neuronii intercalari, se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. prin dendrite sunt \u00een contact sinaptic cu neuronii motori ", + "B. sunt localiza\u021bi exclusiv \u00een sistemul nervos central ", + "C. prin axoni sunt \u00een contact sinaptic cu neuronii senzitivi ", + "D. conecteaz\u0103 neuronul senzitiv cu cel motor \u00een reflexul rotulian " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cantitatea de ap\u0103 din corpul plantei influen\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza astfel:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. excesul - scade v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei ", + "B. cantitatea redus\u0103 - altereaz\u0103 enzimele ", + "C. deficitul - mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 spa\u021biile intercelulare ", + "D. cantitatea mare - \u00eenchide stomatele " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Proteazele pancreatice au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. sunt secretate sub form\u0103 activ\u0103 \u00een pancreas ", + "B. transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een albumoze \u0219i peptone ", + "C. sunt activate \u00een intestin, la un pH alcalin ", + "D. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba mucoasei intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Respira\u021bia aerob\u0103, similar respira\u021biei anaerobe:", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. oxideaz\u0103 substan\u021bele organice cu formare de ATP ", + "B. sunt procese inverse celor desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", + "C. au ca substrat \u0219i ca produs de reac\u021bie compu\u0219i organici ", + "D. elibereaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een mediu CO 2, H 2O \u0219i energie " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Clorofila se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. absoarbe intens radia\u021bii de culoare verde ", + "B. se formeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t la lumin\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i la \u00eentuneric ", + "C. se extrage cu solu\u021bii acide \u0219i benzin\u0103 ", + "D. cedeaz\u0103 un electron sub ac\u021biunea luminii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune este influen\u021bat\u0103 pozitiv, \u00een mod direct, de:", + "question_number": "17", + "options": [ + "A. prezen\u021ba azotului \u00een a er \u0219i sol ", + "B. intensitatea respira\u021biei r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", + "C. intensitatea evapor\u0103rii foliare ", + "D. excesul de s\u0103ruri minerale din sol " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la corpii stria\u021bi:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. au func\u021bii senzitive \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ciclostomii ", + "B. la amfibieni ating volum ul maxim de dezvoltare ", + "C. la mamifere coordoneaz\u0103 tonusul muscular ", + "D. sunt structuri nervoase dominante la amfibieni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nefronul este alc\u0103tuit din:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. tub urinifer \u00eenconjurat de capilare din arteriola care iese din glomerul ", + "B. capsula Bowman cu pere\u021bi dubli, acoperit\u0103 de glomerulul vascular ", + "C. trei tubi contor\u021bi \u2013 tub proximal, ansa Henle \u0219i tub distal ", + "D. tubi colectori care se unesc \u0219i \u00een care ajunge urin\u0103 final\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Este adev\u0103rat cu privire la procesele de fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i respira\u021bie la plante:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. \u00een cursul dimine\u021bii, \u00een frunzele pla ntelor, respira\u021bia \u0219i fotosinteza se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 concomitent, astfel c\u0103 oxigenul nu este eliberat \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", + "B. la miezul nop\u021bii, \u00een frunzele plantelor are loc doar procesul de respira\u021bie , astfel c\u0103 dioxidul de carbon este preluat din atmosfer\u0103 ", + "C. la amiaz\u0103, l a lumin\u0103 optim\u0103, intensitatea fotosintezei dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te intensitatea respira\u021biei , astfel c\u0103 o parte din oxigen este eliberat \u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", + "D. seara, dup\u0103 apusul soarelui, \u00een frunzele plantelor, intensitatea fotosintezei cre\u0219te \u0219i respira\u021bia se " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. leag\u0103 nucleii cerebelo\u0219i de scoar\u021ba cerebeloas\u0103 ", + "B. fac leg\u0103tura cerebelului cu m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", + "C. au aspectul unor cordoane de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103 ", + "D. leag\u0103 emisferele cerebeloase ale mamiferelor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "O cultur\u0103 de castrave\u021bi are o productivitate mare dac\u0103 i se asigur\u0103 urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 125.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de N,P,K ", + "B. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 95%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de N,P,K ", + "C. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de N,P,K ", + "D. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de N,P,K " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Dintre urm\u0103toarele variante, alege\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la \u021besuturile vegetale :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. celulele \u0163esuturilor de sus\u0163inere sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u0163e ", + "B. celulele \u0163esuturilor secretoare elaboreaz\u0103 produ\u015fi de secre\u0163ie \u015fi de excre\u0163ie ", + "C. produ\u015fii de secre\u0163ie circul\u0103 \u00een corpul plantei prin vasele lemnoase ", + "D. produ\u015fii de excre\u0163ie sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00een procesele metabolice ale plantei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia ERONAT\u0102 despre circula\u021bie:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. la reptile este dubl\u0103, \u00eenchis\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", + "B. la homeoterme este complet\u0103, deschis\u0103 \u0219i dubl\u0103 ", + "C. la amfibieni este \u00eenchis\u0103, dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", + "D. la p\u0103s\u0103ri este complet\u0103 , \u00eenchis\u0103 \u0219i dubl\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u0162esutul cartilaginos hialin, spre deosebire de cel cartilaginos fibros:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. este vascularizat \u015fi bogat inervat ", + "B. formeaz\u0103 discurile intervertebrale ", + "C. intr\u0103 \u00een structura cartilajelor articulare ", + "D. con\u0163ine multe fibre care \u00eei dau rezisten\u0163\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre pepsin\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. este secretat\u0103 de o gland\u0103 anex\u0103 a tubului digestiv ", + "B. ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un mediu foarte acid ", + "C. scindeaz\u0103 albumozele \u015fi peptonele \u00een oligopeptide ", + "D. este secretat\u0103 sub form\u0103 activ\u0103 de celulele glandulare " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul unei inspira\u0163ii normale , la mamifere, au loc urm\u0103toarele procese:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. diafragma se contract\u0103, volumul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 scade, aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "B. diafragma se relaxeaz\u0103 , volumul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmona r\u0103 scade, aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "C. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi se contract\u0103 , volumul cutiei toracice scade, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 cre\u0219te , aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "D. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi se relaxeaz\u0103 , volu mul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Au loc p rocese intense de fagocitoz\u0103 la nivelul:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. globulelor ro\u0219ii din s\u00e2ngele mamiferelor ", + "B. neuronilor din scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 ", + "C. osteocitelor din \u021besutul osos compact ", + "D. leucocitelor din s\u00e2ngele homeotermelor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre structurile nervoase de mai jos \u0219i func\u021biile acestora :", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. telencefal \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 activitatea organelor interne, prin intermediul talamusului ", + "B. metencefal \u2013 controleaz\u0103 tonusul musculaturii netede, prin intermed iul nucleului ro\u0219u ", + "C. mielencefal \u2013 controleaz\u0103 secre\u021biile salivar\u0103 \u0219i gastric\u0103, prin intermediul nucleilor vegetativi ", + "D. mezencefal \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile globilor oculari, prin intermediul lobilor olfactivi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre mi\u0219carea \u0219i sensibilitatea la plante este adev\u0103rat unul dintre urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. game\u021bii b\u0103rb\u0103te\u0219ti sunt celule imobile care prezint\u0103 chimiotactism pozitiv ", + "B. r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor prezint\u0103 geotropism negativ \u0219i fototropism pozitiv ", + "C. zorelele \u0219i p\u0103p\u0103dia prezint\u0103 fotonastii independente de intensitatea luminii ", + "D. foliolele de m\u0103cri\u0219ul iepurelui manifest\u0103 seismonastii dependente de stimuli mecanici " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul mucoasei intestinale exist\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. pliuri mici - valvule co nivente ", + "2. denivel\u0103ri \u00een form\u0103 de deget - vilozit\u0103\u0163i intestinale ", + "3. vilozit\u0103\u0163i intestinale - cu \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea de 0,5 -1 cm ", + "4. microvilozit\u0103\u0163i - la polul apical al celulelor intestinale " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u0163i enun\u021burile corecte privind absorb\u0163ia apei:", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe trecerea de la o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 spre o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 ", + "2. p\u0103trunde \u00een celule prin activitatea unor ,,pompe de ioni\u201d consumatoare de energie ", + "3. se produce prin celule a c\u0103ror for\u0163\u0103 de suc\u0163iune cre\u0219te de la exterior spre interior ", + "4. este favorizat\u0103 de concentra\u021bia crescut\u0103 de s\u0103ruri minerale din sol " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul diastolei:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. tensiunea arterial\u0103 scade p\u00e2n\u0103 la valoarea minim\u0103 ", + "2. peretele arterial revine la pozi \u1e6dia ini \u1e6dial\u0103 ", + "3. curgerea intermitent\u0103 devine curgere continu\u0103 ", + "4. peretele arterial preia o parte din energia cinetic\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege \u1e6di particularit\u0103 \u1e6dile sistemului circulator la pe\u0219ti:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. atriul prime\u0219te de la \u1e6desuturi s\u00e2nge cu CO 2 ", + "2. ventriculul pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele spre branhii ", + "3. de la branhii s\u00e2ngele oxigenat ajunge la \u021besuturi ", + "4. \u00een bulbul arterial ajunge s\u00e2nge oxigenat din ventricul " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri, sistemul respirator are urm\u0103toare le particularit\u0103\u021bi:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. spre deosebire de mamifere, lipsesc alveolele pulmonare ", + "2. unele bronhii se dilat\u0103 \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor form\u00e2nd saci aerieni ", + "3. suprafa\u021ba de schimb a gazelor este mai mare dec\u00e2t la amfibieni ", + "4. cele mai s ub\u021biri bronhii sunt \u00eenconjurate de capilare sangvine " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirm a\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate :", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. la ciclostomi rinichii au nefroni pu\u0163ini, iar tubul urinifer \u00eencepe cu o p\u00e2lnie ciliat\u0103 ", + "2. la pe\u015ftii de ap\u0103 dulce, mediul intern are o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a apei ", + "3. reptilele care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii aride \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103rile recupereaz\u0103 apa prin cloac\u0103 ", + "4. la pe\u015ftii marini, mediul intern are o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t a apei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre lagen\u0103:", + "question_number": "37", + "options": [ + "1. la pe\u015fti este reprezentat\u0103 de o dilata\u021bie a sacu lei ", + "2. la amfibieni se prelunge\u015fte cu papila bazilar\u0103 ", + "3. la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u015fi la mamifere se pliaz\u0103 \u00een spiral\u0103 ", + "4. la reptile se produce alungirea acesteia " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Mezencefalul:", + "question_number": "38", + "options": [ + "1. la ciclostomi, pe\u015fti \u015fi amfibieni are un rol dominant ", + "2. ventral prezint\u0103 doi lobi optici volumino\u015fi ", + "3. la reptile func\u021bia sa este subordonat\u0103 telencefalului ", + "4. la mamifere prezint\u0103 ventral coliculii cvadrigemeni " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Cambiul subero -felodermic produce:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. spre exterior suber, \u0163esut ce ofer\u0103 protec\u0163ie mecanic\u0103 \u015fi izolare termic\u0103 ", + "2. spre exterior, prin diviziuni repetate, felogen \u0219i lenticele ", + "3. spre interior feloderm, un \u0163esut cu celule vii \u0219i spa\u0163ii intercelulare ", + "4. spre interior feloderm, care, la toate tulpinile, prezint\u0103 cloroplaste " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Con\u021bin celule cu pere\u021bii \u00ee ngro\u0219a\u021bi:", + "question_number": "40", + "options": [ + "1. epiderma frunzelor de varz\u0103 ", + "2. \u021besuturile mecanice ale nervurilor ", + "3. suberul din tuberculul de cartof ", + "4. vasele lemnoase ale angiospermelor " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u021aesutul osos compact se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bine areole cu vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i nervi ", + "2. formeaz\u0103 partea central\u0103 a oaselor lungi ", + "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een interiorul oaselor late \u0219i scurte ", + "4. con\u021bine lamele concentrice cu osteocite " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre mugurii gustativi:", + "question_number": "43", + "options": [ + "1. la polul bazal prezint\u0103 cili sensibi li la substan\u021be dizolvate \u00een saliv\u0103 ", + "2. con\u021bin receptori tactili, termici \u0219i pentru durere ", + "3. la polul apical sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de termina\u021bii nervoase senzitive ", + "4. au celule senzoriale gustative fusiforme , asociate cu celule de sus\u021binere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre substrat, e nzima care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra acestuia \u0219i produ\u0219ii rezulta\u021bi:", + "question_number": "50", + "options": [ + "1. dextrine \u0219i amidon crud \u2013 amilaz\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 \u2013 maltoz\u0103 ", + "2. lipide emulsionate \u0219i neemulsionate \u2013 lipaz\u0103 \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i monogliceride ", + "3. dizaharide provenite din amidon \u2013 maltaz\u0103 \u2013 glucoz\u0103 ", + "4. oligopeptide \u0219i albumoze \u2013 oligopeptidaze \u2013 aminoacizi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Fotosinteza \u0219i respira\u021bia aerob\u0103 se deosebesc prin:", + "question_number": "51", + "options": [ + "1. tipul de organite celulare implicate ", + "2. efectul pe care \u00eel au asupra masei vegetale ", + "3. produ\u0219ii finali pe care \u00eei genereaz\u0103 ", + "4. sinteza de substan\u021be macroergice " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Nervii optici :", + "question_number": "52", + "options": [ + "1. con\u021bin axoni \u0219i dendrite apar\u021bin\u00e2nd neuronilor multipolari ", + "2. conduc poten\u021bialele de ac\u021biune spre cortexul occipital ", + "3. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een apropierea celulelor stratului pigmentar ", + "4. ies din globii oculari printr -o zon\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de fotoreceptori " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt caracteristici func\u021bionale ale neuronilor:", + "question_number": "53", + "options": [ + "1. prezen\u021ba la nivelul axonilor a numeroase ramifica\u021bii colaterale ", + "2. generarea impulsurilor \u0219i conducerea unidirec\u021bional\u0103 prin sinapse ", + "3. prezen\u021ba tecii de mielin\u0103 \u00eentrerupt\u0103 la nivelul nodurilor Ranvier ", + "4. transmiterea, prelucrarea \u0219i memorarea informa\u021biilor " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Pentru vederea la dista n\u021b\u0103, la nivelul globului ocular au loc urm\u0103toarele modific\u0103ri:", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. mu\u0219chii circulari ciliari se relaxeaz\u0103 ", + "2. cristalinul se bombeaz\u0103 ", + "3. cristalinul se turte\u0219te ", + "4. mu\u0219chii circulari ciliari se contract\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele boli pot fi \u00eencadrate \u00een categoria bacterioze lor \u0219i se manifest\u0103 prin :", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. hepatita \u2013 colorarea \u00een galben a pielii ", + "2. pneumonia \u2013 tuse seac\u0103 \u0219i junghi toracic ", + "3. apendicita \u2013 dureri abdominale \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi ", + "4. tuberculoza \u2013 sl\u0103birea organismului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Despre receptorii vestibulari sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. doi receptori sunt pentru pozi\u021bia corpului \u0219i trei pentru rota\u021bie ", + "2. receptorii pentru rota\u021bie se g\u0103sesc \u00een dilata\u021biile canalelor semicirculare ", + "3. celulele senzoriale prezint\u0103 cili care str\u0103bat o zon\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", + "4. celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampul are sunt stimulate de mi\u0219carea otoli\u021bilor " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele asocieri:", + "question_number": "57", + "options": [ + "1. vaca \u2013 incisivi cu cre\u015ftere continu\u0103 ", + "2. cerb \u2013 absen\u0163a incisivilor inferiori ", + "3. pisic\u0103 \u2013 premolari cu relief zim\u021bat ", + "4. porc \u2013 premolarii au relief rotunjit " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul zborului la p\u0103s\u0103ri:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. aerul trece de dou\u0103 ori prin pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "2. cutia toracic\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi modific\u0103 volumul ", + "3. cutia toracic\u0103 este un suport imobil pentru aripi ", + "4. sacii aerieni contribuie la cre\u015fterea densit\u0103\u0163ii corpului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u0163i varianta corect\u0103 privind traseul sevei brute prin \u0163esuturile r\u0103d\u0103cinii:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. peri absorban\u0163i \u2013 exoderm \u0103 \u2013 m\u0103duv\u0103 \u2013 endoderm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 vase lemnoase ", + "2. peri absorban\u0163i \u2013 exoderm\u0103 \u2013 scoar\u0163a \u2013 endo derm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 vase liberiene ", + "3. rizoderm\u0103 \u2013 endoderm\u0103 - scoar\u0163\u0103 \u2013 exoderm\u0103 - periciclu \u2013 fascicul e lemno ase ", + "4. rizoderm\u0103 \u2013 exoderm\u0103 \u2013 scoar\u0163\u0103 - endoderm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 fascicule lemnoase " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "Globii oculari ai reptilelor:", + "question_number": "60", + "options": [ + "1. sunt plasa\u021bi lateral sau frontal ", + "2. se acomodeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea \u0219i deformarea cristalinului ", + "3. sunt lipsi\u021bi de pleoape \u0219i de glande lacrimale ", + "4. percep obiectele apropiate \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtate " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2023" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen timpul unei expira\u021bii obi\u0219nuite la om:", + "question_number": "1", + "options": [ + "A. sternul se apropie de coloana vertebral\u0103, iar diafragma coboar\u0103 ", + "B. se contract\u0103 mu\u0219chii care rotesc \u0219i orizontalizeaz\u0103 coastele ", + "C. presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 este superioar\u0103 celei atmosferice ", + "D. se relaxeaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii inspiratori suplimentari, cum ar fi diafragma " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen intestinul sub\u021bire al mamiferelor au loc urm\u0103toarele procese chi mice:", + "question_number": "2", + "options": [ + "A. descompunerea proteinele ingerate \u00een acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i peptone ", + "B. activarea elastazei, chimotripsinogenului \u0219i a pepsinogenului ", + "C. digestia enzimatic\u0103 specific\u0103 a unor substan\u021be insolubile \u00een ap\u0103 ", + "D. emulsionarea lipidelor, apoi hidroliza pic\u0103turilor fine de gr\u0103simi " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Urm\u0103toarele glande con\u021bin celule care produc mucus:", + "question_number": "3", + "options": [ + "A. glandele din cavitatea bucal\u0103 care asigur\u0103 digestia amidonului fiert ", + "B. pancreasul, gland\u0103 mixt\u0103, care con\u021bine acini secretori de amilaz\u0103 ", + "C. epiteliul gastric care trebuie protejat de ac\u021biunea acidului clorhidric ", + "D. ficatul localizat la st\u00e2nga stomacului, cu rol \u00een producerea bilei " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La pe\u0219ti:", + "question_number": "4", + "options": [ + "A. cristalinul deplasat de mu\u0219chi retractori este sferic \u0219i elastic ", + "B. papila bazilar\u0103 este localizat\u0103 \u00een lagena din structura urechii interne ", + "C. linia lateral\u0103 de la nivelul tegumentului sesizeaz\u0103 curen\u021bii de aer ", + "D. neuronii chemosensibili se g\u0103sesc \u00een dou\u0103 depresiuni de la nivelul capului " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen structura sistemului excretor al mamiferelor \u00eent\u00e2lnim:", + "question_number": "5", + "options": [ + "A. mai multe piramide renale la porc care corespund mai multor lobuli ", + "B. dou\u0103 uretere cu traiect ascendent care se deschid \u00een vezica urinar\u0103 ", + "C. \u021besut conjunctiv moale fibros cu rol de protec\u021bie pentru cei doi rinichi ", + "D. capilare peritubulare implicate \u00een filtrarea s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i formarea urinei " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ca \u0219i bulbul rahidian prezint\u0103:", + "question_number": "6", + "options": [ + "A. substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie dispus\u0103 \u00een nuclei \u00eenconjura\u021bi de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103 ", + "B. leg\u0103turi aferente \u0219i eferente prin nervi senzitivi, motori \u0219i mic\u0219ti ", + "C. centri nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe somatice, vegetative \u0219i de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", + "D. \u0219an\u021buri longitudinale la suprafa\u021b\u0103 fe\u021belor anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posteri oar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul retinei mamiferelor:", + "question_number": "7", + "options": [ + "A. exist\u0103 trei feluri de celule fotoreceptoare ", + "B. dendritele neuronilor multipolari formeaz\u0103 nervul optic ", + "C. celulele fotosensibile sunt \u00een vecin\u0103tatea epiteliul pigmentar ", + "D. pata galben\u0103 are aspectul unei mici depresiuni " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La reptile, spre deosebire de amfibieni:", + "question_number": "8", + "options": [ + "A. circula\u021bia este dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", + "B. exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de din\u021bi ", + "C. nefronii prezint\u0103 capsul\u0103 Bowmann ", + "D. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii au form\u0103 de saci cuta\u021bi " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Respira\u021bia celular\u0103, spre deosebire de fotosintez\u0103:", + "question_number": "10", + "options": [ + "A. reprezint\u0103 un proces chimic endoterm ", + "B. este o component\u0103 a catabolismului ", + "C. \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 energie \u00een moleculele de ATP ", + "D. are loc \u00een organite delimitate de membrane duble " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen categoria plantelor ierboase cu micorize intr\u0103:", + "question_number": "11", + "options": [ + "A. pinul ", + "B. mesteac\u0103nul ", + "C. stejarul ", + "D. orhideea " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "\u00cen circula\u021bia simpl\u0103:", + "question_number": "12", + "options": [ + "A. ventriculul pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een aorta dorsal\u0103 ", + "B. cele dou\u0103 vene cave se deschid \u00een singurul atriu ", + "C. bulbul arterial distribuie s\u00e2ngele c\u0103tre cele patru branhii ", + "D. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui scade dinspre aort\u0103 spre artera codal\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Saltul evolutiv al sistemului nervos central la cele mai avansate vertebrate poikiloterme, comparativ cu clasa inferioar\u0103, const\u0103 \u00een apari\u021bia:", + "question_number": "13", + "options": [ + "A. paleocereb elului, ca o consecin\u021b\u0103 a diversific\u0103rii locomo\u021biei \u00een mediul terestru \u0219i acvatic ", + "B. scoar\u021bei cerebrale, diferen\u021biat\u0103 pe dou\u0103 straturi neuronale \u00een alc\u0103tuirea telencefalului ", + "C. substan\u021bei neagre la nivelul mezencefalului, asociat\u0103 cre\u0219terii complexit\u0103\u021bii mi\u0219c\u0103ri lor ", + "D. centrilor noi de control al tonusului muscular \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rilor la nivelul mielencefalului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre adapt\u0103rile anatomo -fiziologice comune \u0219i specii le de plante c are au moduri diferite de nutri\u021bie:", + "question_number": "14", + "options": [ + "A. absen\u021ba clorofilei \u0219i chi miotactism pozitiv: tor\u021belul \u0219i Orobanche minor ", + "B. capcane \u0219i seismonastie: plante carnivore \u0219i Mimosa ", + "C. reducerea dimensiunii frunzelor \u0219i geotropism: cuscuta \u0219i Lathraea squamaria ", + "D. haustori \u0219i chimiotropism: Lathraea squamaria \u0219i v\u00e2scul " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre componentele tubului digestiv, enzimele secretate de acestea \u0219i produ\u0219ii reac\u021biilor de hidroliz\u0103 ale acestora :", + "question_number": "15", + "options": [ + "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 amilaza salivar\u0103 \u2013 dextrine \u0219i maltoz\u0103 ", + "B. stomac: lipaza \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerol, pepsinogen \u2013 albumoze \u0219i pepto ne ", + "C. pancreas: elastaza \u2013 oligopeptide; lipaza \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i, glicerol, monogliceride ", + "D. intestin sub\u021bire: maltaz\u0103 \u2013 glucoz\u0103; oligopeptidaze \u2013 aminoacizi " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi transfuziile incompatibile pe baza caracteristici lor sanguine donatori - primitori:", + "question_number": "16", + "options": [ + "A. aglutinine \u03b2 \u2192 grupa AB ", + "B. aglutinogene B \u2192 aglutinine absente ", + "C. aglutinine \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 \u2192 aglutinogene A \u0219i B ", + "D. aglutinine absente \u2192 aglutinogene absente " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 de particularit\u0103\u021bi fiziologice reprezentative pentru una dintre clasele de vertebrate:", + "question_number": "18", + "options": [ + "A. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 \u2013 excret\u0103 urin\u0103 solid\u0103 \u2013 c\u0103i respiratorii lungi \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi puternic cuta\u021bi ", + "B. circula\u021bie simpl\u0103 \u2013 eliminarea dioxidului de carbon prin ridicarea operculelor \u2013 producerea urinei \u00een rinichi mezonefros cu nefroni ne\u00eencapsula\u021bi ", + "C. circula\u021bie complet\u0103 \u2013 schimb de gaze la nivel pulmonar \u00een cursul ambelor etape ale ventila\u021biei \u2013 apa din urin\u0103 este reabsorbit\u0103 din cloac\u0103 ", + "D. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u2013 respira\u021bie branhial\u0103, tegumentar\u0103 \u0219i pulmonar\u0103 \u2013 urina produs\u0103 \u00een rinichi de tip " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Rinichiul de tip mezonefros, spre deosebire de cel pronefros:", + "question_number": "19", + "options": [ + "A. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit la ciclostomi, pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfibieni ", + "B. con\u021bine mul\u021bi nefroni care au o p\u00e2lnie ciliat\u0103 ", + "C. este prezent la pe\u0219tii marini care elimin\u0103 o urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", + "D. con\u021bin e mai pu\u021bini nefroni care au capsul\u0103 Bowman " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Amfibienii se caracte rizeaz\u0103 prin:", + "question_number": "20", + "options": [ + "A. pe fa\u021ba dorsal\u0103 a mezencefalului prezint\u0103 coliculi cvadrigemeni ", + "B. urechea medie este legat\u0103 de faringe prin trompa lui Eustachio ", + "C. ventriculul are un perete incomplet care separ\u0103 cele 2 circula\u021bii ", + "D. ochii se acomodeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea \u0219i deformarea cristalinului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Guta\u021bia spre deosebire de transpira\u021bie :", + "question_number": "21", + "options": [ + "A. determin\u0103 ascensiunea sevei brute \u00een corpul plantei ", + "B. asigur\u0103 eliminarea apei la nivelul frunzelor ", + "C. apare la umiditate mare a solului \u0219i c\u00e2nd aerul este uscat ", + "D. este rezultatul activit\u0103\u021bii celulelor de la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La plante pierderea de ap\u0103 este limitat\u0103 de :", + "question_number": "22", + "options": [ + "A. densitatea redus\u0103 a stomate lor la plantele hidrofite ", + "B. frunzele reduse la \u021bepi la plante din zona temperat\u0103 ", + "C. perii epidermici care re\u021bin pic\u0103turile la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", + "D. cutina din peretele extern al celulelor epidermice " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre particularit\u0103\u021bile func\u021bionale ale sistemului nervos la vertebrate este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", + "question_number": "23", + "options": [ + "A. la toate vertebratele sistemul nervos provine din tubul neural situat dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de tubul digestiv ", + "B. p\u0103s\u0103rile \u0219i mamiferele au hipotalamusul pe partea ventral\u0103 a diencefalului cu rol \u00een termoreglare ", + "C. la ciclostomi, pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfib ieni metencefalul prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii vizuali \u0219i auditivi ", + "D. p\u0103s\u0103rile au corpii stria\u021bi foarte volumino\u0219i, care ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte din volumul creierului " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Analiza comparativ\u0103 a forma\u021biunilor nervoase derivate din vezicula neural\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103:", + "question_number": "24", + "options": [ + "A. mezencefalul, spre deosebire de metencefal, la ciclostomi \u0219i pe\u0219ti are rol dominant asupra tuturor celorlalte structuri ale sistemului nervos ", + "B. telencefalul, spre deosebire de diencefal, prezint\u0103 pe partea ventral\u0103 un grup de nuclei care controleaz\u0103 activitatea organelor interne ", + "C. mielencefalul, spre deosebire de telencefal, con\u021bine centri care regleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile respiratorii \u0219i integreaz\u0103 informa\u021biile olfactive ", + "D. metencefalul, spre deosebire de mezencefal, formeaz\u0103 \u00een partea dorsal\u0103 doi lobi optici volum ino\u0219i care " + ], + "right_answer": "A", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre men\u021binerea pozi\u021biei capului \u00een raport cu linia vertical\u0103, se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "25", + "options": [ + "A. este realizat\u0103 de doi receptori situa\u021bi \u00een 7 din figura al\u0103turat\u0103, care con\u021bin celule senzoriale cu cili inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -un strat gelatinos ", + "B. aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie este posibil\u0103 cu participarea receptorilor situa\u021bi \u00een zonele notate cu 8, care au celule senzoriale cu cilii inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -o cupul\u0103 gelatinos\u0103 ", + "C. recep torii care furnizeaz\u0103 informa\u021bii necesare men\u021binerii capului \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103 sunt situa\u021bi \u00een structurile notate cu 5 \u0219i 6 ", + "D. celulele senzoriale localizate la baza structurilor notate cu 2, " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre eliminarea apei din corpul plantelor se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "26", + "options": [ + "A. se realizeaz\u0103 mai ales la nivelul frunzelor printr -un mecanism de difuziune la nivelul hidatodelor ", + "B. este necesar\u0103 pentru ascensiunea sevei brute care conduce odat\u0103 cu apa \u0219i ioni i minerali c\u0103tre frunze ", + "C. asigur\u0103 schimbul de gaze necesar pentru procesele de fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i respira\u021bie, prin \u00eenchiderea ostiolelor ", + "D. la lumin\u0103 cre\u0219te concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be organice \u00een celulele stomatice \u0219i scad elimin\u0103rile de ap\u0103 prin " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre canalul coledoc se poate afirma c\u0103:", + "question_number": "27", + "options": [ + "A. conduce bila secretat\u0103 de celulele ficatului c\u0103tre vezica biliar\u0103, unde se depoziteaz\u0103 \u00een perioadele interdigestive ", + "B. conduce bila spre duoden pentru ca enzimele pe care le con\u021bine ace asta s\u0103 participe la digestia lipidelor ", + "C. \u00een timpul digestiei, transport\u0103 bila provenit\u0103 din vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i o evacueaz\u0103 \u00een duoden printr -un orificiu comun cu al unui canal pancreatic ", + "D. \u00een perioadele digestive transport\u0103 spre duoden bila secretat\u0103 de vezica biliar\u0103 localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba opus\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La nivelul globului ocular al mamiferelor, componentele acestui organ sunt pozi\u021bionate astfel:", + "question_number": "28", + "options": [ + "A. irisul se afl\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a cristalinului, posterior fa\u021b\u0103 de cornee \u0219i de corpul vitros ", + "B. cristalinul este o lentil\u0103 divergent\u0103 \u0219i elastic\u0103, situat\u0103 posterior fa\u021b\u0103 de cornee \u0219i anterior fa\u021b\u0103 de umoarea sticloas\u0103 ", + "C. sistemul optic, format din cornee, cristalin, iris \u0219i cele dou\u0103 umori, este dispus \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a globului ocular ", + "D. retina, receptorul vizual, c on\u021bine un epiteliu pigmentar care vine \u00een raport direct cu partea intern\u0103 a " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Cavitatea bucal\u0103 con\u021bine:", + "question_number": "29", + "options": [ + "A. dou\u0103 lame cornoase la vertebratele zbur\u0103toare ", + "B. trei perechi de glande care secret\u0103 saliv\u0103 la mamifere ", + "C. un disc oral cu dou\u0103 r\u00e2nduri de din\u021bi la ciclostomi ", + "D. limba implicat\u0103 \u00een digestia mecanic\u0103 la mamifere " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii variaz\u0103 astfel:", + "question_number": "30", + "options": [ + "A. mai intens\u0103 \u00een zona situat\u0103 \u00een vecin\u0103tatea tulpinii comparativ cu zona din apropierea v\u00e2rfului ", + "B. mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 c\u00e2nd for\u021ba de suc\u021biune a celulelor scoar\u021bei o dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pe cea a celulelor rizodermei ", + "C. favorizat\u0103 \u00een cazul multor specii de arbori de rela\u021bia cu unele ciuperci simbionte saprofite ", + "D. influen\u021bat\u0103 de procesul activ de osmoz\u0103 de la nivelul membranelor celulare semipermeabile " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "single-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre urechea mamiferelor se poate spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "31", + "options": [ + "1. nervul auditiv trece prin osul temporal \u0219i conduce impulsuri nervoase spre creier ", + "2. vibra\u021bi a timpanului determin\u0103 vibra\u021bia unei membrane cu suprafa\u021ba m ai mare dec\u00e2t a acestuia ", + "3. membrana bazilar\u0103 \u0219i tectoria din canalul cohlear se prind de o prelungire a osului temporal ", + "4. urechea medie con\u021bine aer la presiune atmosferic\u0103, fiind preluat de la nivelul laringelui " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Amfibienii , spre deosebire de pe\u0219ti , prezint\u0103 :", + "question_number": "32", + "options": [ + "1. rinichi de tip mezonefros care produc urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", + "2. respira\u021bi e aerob\u0103 dependent\u0103 de oxigenul din mediu aerian ", + "3. ochi veziculari umezi\u021bi de apa prezent\u0103 \u00een mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", + "4. doi rinichi ce produc urina condus\u0103 de uretere \u00een vezica urinar\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Pe o lam\u0103 se pun dou\u0103 pic\u0103turi, P 1 \u0219i P 2, care apoi se amestec\u0103. Care dintre urm\u0103toarele variante sunt corecte:", + "question_number": "33", + "options": [ + "1. P1 - plasm\u0103 0 + P 2 - plasm\u0103 B \u2192 aglutinare ", + "2. P1 - plasm\u0103 0 + P 2 - s\u00e2nge A \u2192 f\u0103r\u0103 aglutinare ", + "3. P1 - s\u00e2nge 0 + P 2 - plasm\u0103 AB \u2192 aglutinare ", + "4. P1 - plasm\u0103 A + P 2 - plasm\u0103 AB \u2192 f\u0103r\u0103 aglutinare " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La toate vertebratele \u00eent\u00e2lnim:", + "question_number": "34", + "options": [ + "1. telencefal, cu func\u021bie olfactiv\u0103 \u0219i corpi stria\u021bi, cu func\u021bii motorii ", + "2. paleocerebel, care prime\u0219te impulsuri de la proprioreceptori ", + "3. mezencefal, care prime\u0219te informa\u021bii vizuale \u0219i auditive ", + "4. scoar\u021b\u0103 cerebral\u0103, alc\u0103tuit\u0103 dou\u0103 straturi de neuroni " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Plantele:", + "question_number": "35", + "options": [ + "1. hidrofite elimin\u0103 excesul de ap\u0103 pasiv \u0219i activ prin intermediul stomatelor ", + "2. umbrofile au frunze mai sub\u021biri, cloroplaste mai mari \u0219i mai pu\u021bin\u0103 clorofil\u0103 ", + "3. cu tulpini ierboase pot fi volubile la maz\u0103re \u0219i ag\u0103\u021b\u0103toare la ieder\u0103 ", + "4. xerofite pot con\u021bin e \u021besut fundamental asimilator \u00een structura tulpinilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Despre bolile umane de natur\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 ale sistemelor implicate \u00een func\u021biile de nutri\u021bie putem spune c\u0103:", + "question_number": "36", + "options": [ + "1. TBC-ul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin lipsa poftei de m\u00e2ncare ", + "2. epilepsia se manifest\u0103 prin convulsii, pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei ", + "3. hepatita se manifest\u0103 prin oboseal\u0103, m\u0103rirea ficatului ", + "4. paralizia poate fi cauzat\u0103 de ruperea unor vase de s\u00e2nge " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Prin fermenta\u021bie:", + "question_number": "39", + "options": [ + "1. Saccharomyces sp. realizeaz\u0103 transformarea mustului \u00een vin ", + "2. Mycoderma aceti reduce alcoolul etilic rezult\u00e2nd acidul acetic ", + "3. bacteriile metanogene din reactoarele industriale produc biogaz ", + "4. Lactobacillus bulgaricus transform\u0103 lactoza \u00een acid lactic \u0219i CO 2 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente \u0219i descendente stabilesc urm\u0103toarele conexiuni anatomo -func\u021bionale cu lobii cortexului cerebral:", + "question_number": "42", + "options": [ + "1. 1 \u2192 nuclei bazali \u2192 coarne anterioare medulare \u2192 nervi ", + "2. mecanoreceptori di n canalul cohlear \u2192 fibre senzitive ale unor nervi cranieni \u2192 trunchi cerebral \u2192 diencefal \u2192 2 ", + "3. fotoreceptori \u2192 celule bipolare \u2192 celule multipolare \u2192 diencefal \u2192 5 ", + "4. 1 \u2192 3 \u2192 4; 4 \u2192 3 \u2192 1 " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Eficien\u021ba absorb\u021biei depinde de:", + "question_number": "46", + "options": [ + "1. prezen\u021ba glandelor situate \u00een profunzimea mucoasei care produc sucul intestinal ", + "2. re\u021beaua bogat\u0103 de capilare sanguine \u0219i limfatice de la nivelul microvilozit\u0103\u021bilor ", + "3. prezen\u021ba anselor \u0219i a unor valvule, la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire \u0219i a intestinului gros ", + "4. gradul de pliere al mucoasei, epiteliul unistratificat, num\u0103rul \u0219i structura vilozit\u0103\u021bilor " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corect e dintre caracteristici le urechii interne notate cu A, B, C, D, E, F \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bi le globilor oculari apar\u021bin\u00e2nd aceleia\u0219i clase de vertebrate:", + "question_number": "47", + "options": [ + "1. E \u2013 asociat\u0103 cu ureche medie \u0219i conduct auditiv; globii ", + "2. B \u2013 preia vibra\u021bi ile sonore transmise succesiv de la timpan \u2013 columel\u0103 \u2013 fereastr\u0103 oval\u0103; globii oculari sunt proteja\u021bi de pleoape imobile \u0219i glande lacrimale ", + "3. A \u2013 receptorii acustici sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een componentele 3 \u0219i 2; globii oculari sunt veziculari \u0219i au cristalin sfe ric \u0219i rigid ", + "4. D \u2013 receptorii acustici sunt stimula\u021bi datorit\u0103 vibra\u021biilor ini\u021biate \u0219i transmise de la timpanul foarte retras; globii oculari cu trei pleoape \u0219i glande lacrimale " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Selecta\u021bi traseele posibile de transmitere ale impulsurilor nervoase \u00een vederea regl\u0103rii mi\u0219c\u0103rilor la mamifere:", + "question_number": "48", + "options": [ + "1. proprioceptori \u2013 ganglion spinal \u2013 corn posterior medular \u2013 paleocerebel ", + "2. creasta ampular\u0103 \u2013 fibre senzitive ale unor nervi cranieni \u2013 unii nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral \u2013 arhicerebel ", + "3. girusul precentral di n lobul frontal \u2013 nuclei din puntea lui Varolio - neocerebel ", + "4. coliculi cvadrigemeni \u2013 nuclei somatomotori ai trunchiului cerebral \u2013 musculatura scheletic\u0103 a capului " + ], + "right_answer": "E", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Enzimele digestive au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii :", + "question_number": "54", + "options": [ + "1. acidul clorhidric creeaz\u0103 mediul necesar ac\u021biunii pepsinei \u0219i \u00eempiedic\u0103 dezvoltarea germenilor ", + "2. lipaza gastric\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra gr\u0103similor, cu condi\u021bia ca acestea s\u0103 formeze \u00een ap\u0103 pic\u0103turi fine ", + "3. glandele gastrice produc pepsin\u0103 activ\u0103 care hidrolizeaz\u0103 proteinele p\u00e2n\u0103 la molecule scurte de aminoacizi ", + "4. amilaza pancreatic\u0103, spr e deosebire de cea salivar\u0103, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra amidonului crud, pe care \u00eel transform\u0103 \u00een maltoz\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Unele organisme autotrofe care utilizeaz\u0103 pentru sinteza substan\u021belor organice energia rezultat\u0103 din oxidarea substan\u021belor anorganice, au urm\u0103toarele caracteri stici:", + "question_number": "55", + "options": [ + "1. populeaz\u0103 toate mediile de via\u021b\u0103, unde au un rol important de produc\u0103tori ai acestor ecosisteme ", + "2. \u00een ecosistemele \u00een care tr\u0103iesc, ele pot fi singurii produc\u0103tori de substan\u021be organice ", + "3. lumina, temperatura, apa \u0219i s\u0103rurile minerale condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 activi tatea acestor organisme ", + "4. contribuie la circuitul unor elemente chimice din natur\u0103, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een sc\u0103derea toxicit\u0103\u021bii mediului " + ], + "right_answer": "C", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la mamifere poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de:", + "question_number": "56", + "options": [ + "1. consumul exagerat de sare care cre\u0219te presiunea osmotic\u0103 a lichidului intersti\u021bial ", + "2. cre\u0219terea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii sangvine care determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea vitezei de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui ", + "3. calibrul vaselor , a c\u0103ror suprafa\u021b\u0103 de sec\u021biune cre\u0219te spre periferie fa\u021b\u0103 de aort\u0103 ", + "4. elasticitatea vaselor transform\u0103 curgerea intermitent\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui \u00een curgere continu\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "D", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri spre deosebire de mamifere:", + "question_number": "58", + "options": [ + "1. exist\u0103 bronhii aferente \u0219i eferente celor doi pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", + "2. hipotalamusul controleaz\u0103 func\u021bia de termoreglare ", + "3. oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui implic\u0103 structuri de form\u0103 tubular\u0103 ", + "4. \u00een zona intestinal\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 bacterii saprofite simbionte " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + }, + { + "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre c\u0103ile de conducere ale unor sensibilit\u0103\u021bi:", + "question_number": "59", + "options": [ + "1. axonii neuronilor chemoreceptori trec prin etmoi d \u00een drumul lor spre creier ", + "2. dendritele celulelor mitrale din bulbul olfactiv formeaz\u0103 tractul olfactiv ", + "3. celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare sinapseaz\u0103 cu termina\u021bii dendritice ", + "4. nervul optic p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te sclerotica globului ocular prin zona numit\u0103 pat\u0103 oarb\u0103 " + ], + "right_answer": "B", + "type": "multiple-choice", + "grade": "X", + "stage": "nationala", + "task": "teoretic", + "year": "2024" + } +] \ No newline at end of file