[ { "question": "Trypan osoma :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. este un gen care include specii libere \u0219i parazite ", "B. paraziteaz\u0103 intestinul animalelor ", "C. parazit eaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele oamenilor ", "D. este un zooflagelat colonial " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Organismele au \u00een corpul lor un procent variabil de ap\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. meduzele \u2013 peste 90% ", "B. semin\u021bele uscate \u2013 sub 2 % ", "C. algele \u2013 sub 90% ", "D. omul \u2013 peste 80% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Thomas Hunt Morgan a elaborat teoria cromozomial\u0103 a eredit\u0103\u021bii \u00een secolul :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. XVII ", "B. XVIII ", "C. XIX ", "D. XX " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Etapele de distrugere a unei bacterii de c\u0103 tre un bacteriofag sunt, \u00een ordine, urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. inoculare, ata\u0219are, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", "B. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, eliberare, asamblare ", "C. ata\u0219are, inoculare, multiplicare, asamblare, eliberare ", "D. inoculare, asamblare, multiplicare, eliberare, ata\u0219are " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. cuprinde dou\u0103 faze care alterneaz\u0103 obligatoriu doar la organismele inferioare ", "B. include la animale o haplofaz\u0103 dominant\u0103 \u0219i o diplofaz\u0103 redus\u0103 ", "C. se caracterizeaz \u0103 la spermatofitele evoluate prin reducerea gametofitul ui ", "D. include diplofaza , care este genera\u021bia produc\u0103toare de game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Caracteristicile indivizilor cu sindrom Turner sunt:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. talie redus\u0103, fa\u021b\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2nicioas\u0103, atrofie testicular\u0103 ", "B. talie redus\u0103, g\u00e2t scurt, anomalii scheletice ", "C. compor tament agresiv, azoospermie, anomalii scheletice ", "D. malforma\u021bii cardiace, \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103, ginecomastie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pepenii f\u0103r\u0103 semin\u021be sunt rez ultatul unei muta\u021bii:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. genomice ", "B. cromozomiale ", "C. genice ", "D. punctiforme " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La genul Cycas :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. talul are o organizare tridimensional\u0103 \u0219i se nume\u0219te cormoid ", "B. zigotul are un nucleu cu dimensiunea \u00eentre 0,5 \u2013 1 mm ", "C. num\u0103rul cloroplastelor este de una per celul\u0103 ", "D. produ\u0219ii de asimila\u021bie sunt manitolul \u0219i laminarina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Biogeneza microtubulilor are loc la nivelul :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. nucleol ului ", "B. dictiozom ilor ", "C. R.E.R. -ului ", "D. centrozom ului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pseudopodele:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 cu participarea unor elemente citoscheletale ", "B. particip\u0103 la transportul transmembranar specific procariotelor ", "C. sunt foarte fine \u0219i dispuse radiar la Chrysophyta ", "D. particip \u0103 la pro cesul de fagocitoz\u0103 realizat de globulele ro\u0219ii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Citokineza :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een paralel cu procesele anafazice controlate genetic ", "B. implic\u0103 formarea de noi pere\u021bi nucleari \u00een jurul cromatidelor ", "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 diferit \u00een celulele vegetale fa\u021b\u0103 de cele animale ", "D. const\u0103 \u00een dezorganizarea \u00eenveli\u0219ului nuclear \u00een prometafaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Transduc\u0163ia:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. reprezint\u0103 exprimarea de c\u0103tre profag a unei p\u0103r\u0163i din propriul genom ", "B. reprezint\u0103 integrarea ADN -ului viral \u00een genomul celulei gazd\u0103 ", "C. este un fenomen de transfer de material genetic realizat de profag ", "D. este un proces de fuziune in vitro a celulelor somatice de la specii diferite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hemoglobina persoanelor bolnave de anemie falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 acid glutamic \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \u03b2 ", "B. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 5 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 ", "C. prezint\u0103 valin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia 6 a catenei p olipeptidice \u03b2 ", "D. prezint\u0103 prolin\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bia 6 a catenei polipeptidice \uf061 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Muta\u021bia unor gene care codific\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een metabolismul bazelor azotate determin\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. dismorfism facial ", "B. microcefalie ", "C. dureri articulare ", "D. distrofie muscular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre bacteria patogen\u0103 \u015fi boala pe care o produce:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Plasmodium malariae \u2013 malaria ", "B. Rhizobium leguminosarum \u2013 r\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 a cartofului ", "C. Naegleria fowleri \u2013 meningoencefalita ", "D. Clostridium botulinum \u2013 botulism " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Oomicetele:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 plasmodii la floarea -t\u0103b\u0103carilor ", "B. au hife filiforme cu perete celular celulozic ", "C. se pot hr\u0103ni autotrof prin chemosintez\u0103 ", "D. \u00een condi\u021bii favorabile se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin conjugare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La celula procariot\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. citoplasma pre zint\u0103 citoschelet proteinic \u0219i este lipsit\u0103 de curen\u021bi citoplasmatici ", "B. nucleoidul este reprezentat de ADN circular complexat cu proteine histonice ", "C. peretele celular are \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 acid diaminopimelic ", "D. ribozomii sunt mai mari dec\u00e2t la celul a eucariot\u0103, dar au acela\u0219i rol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen mitocondrie are loc:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. scindarea moleculelor de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd energia luminoas\u0103 ", "B. degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a acidului piruvic p\u00e2n\u0103 la CO 2 \u0219i H 2O ", "C. utilizarea ATP pentru reducerea CO 2 \u0219i formarea glucozei ", "D. formarea acidului adenozin -difosforic prin fosforilarea acidului adenozin -trifosforic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cianobacteriile:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. prin fotosintez\u0103 formeaz\u0103 un tip de amidon care nu se coloreaz\u0103 cu iod ", "B. prezint\u0103 flageli \u0219i numero\u0219i cili cu care se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 nutri\u021bie pr edominant mixotrof\u0103, dar \u0219i autotrof\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 ", "D. posed\u0103 o teac\u0103 dur\u0103 care protejeaz\u0103 peretele celular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Metoda vectorului vi ral, comparativ cu metoda plasmidului :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. este cea mai veche metod\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een ingineria genetic\u0103 ", "B. presupune eliminarea por\u021biunilor patogene ale virusului ", "C. inser\u0103 gene direct \u00een genomul unei celule, cu ajutorul curentului electric ", "D. este o tehnic\u0103 ce nu poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru tratarea unor maladii genetice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hibrizii celulari asimetrici:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. sunt specifici plantelor, deoarece presupun utilizarea protopla\u0219tilor ", "B. se ob\u021bin cu ajutorul tehnicii ADN-ului recombina nt ", "C. rezult\u0103 prin eliminarea preferen\u021bial\u0103 a cromozomilor uneia dintre speciile genitoare ", "D. sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru izolarea cromozomilor \u0219i alc\u0103tuirea cariotipului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. este conect at la membrana nuclear \u0103 ", "B. este comun procariotelor \u0219i eucariotelor ", "C. este delimitat de un perete dublu ", "D. este locul \u00een care se sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Lipidele din organismele vii sunt:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. simple \u00een substan\u021ba matriceal\u0103 a membranelor biologice ", "B. fosfoaminolipide cu rol energetic \u00een celul a animal\u0103 ", "C. fosfolipide \u00een constituirea receptorilor de membran\u0103 ", "D. asociate \u00een structura unor enzime cu glucide \u0219i proteine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt structuri caracteristice miofibrilelor:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. discuri clare care prezint\u0103 la mijloc banda \u00eentunecat\u0103 H ", "B. miofilamente groase de actin\u0103 \u0219i sub\u021biri de miozin\u0103 ", "C. sarcomere situat e \u00eentre dou\u0103 membrane Z succe sive ", "D. 9 perechi de microtubuli coordona\u021bi de blefaroplast " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al cromozomului 4:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este o anomalie heterozomal\u0103 ", "B. are o frecven\u021b\u0103 dubl\u0103 la fete fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi ", "C. nu afecteaza durata de viata ", "D. este caracterizat\u0103 printr -un \u021bip\u0103t caracteristic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile, spre deosebire de cloroplaste :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 oxizomi pe membrana intern\u0103 ", "B. asigur\u0103 ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", "C. con\u021bin ADN, ARN, ribozomi, enzime ", "D. nu se formeaz\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u201e de novo\u201d " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Membrana celular\u0103 la procariote:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 vezicule de exocitoz\u0103 ", "B. catabolizeaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de substan\u021be ", "C. formeaz\u0103 invagin\u0103ri cu rol respirator ", "D. este constituit\u0103 din polizaharide \u0219i polipeptide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen constitu\u021bia organismelor vii :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. actina \u015fi timina sunt baze azotate ", "B. trigliceridele \u015fi chitina sunt lipide ", "C. miozina \u015fi cheratina sunt glucide ", "D. clorofila \u015fi anticorpii sunt proteine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Bardoul \u0219i cat\u00e2rul:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi cu genitorul matern ", "B. au ca genitor i patern i Equs caballus , \u0219i Equs mulus ", "C. au aceea\u0219i ereditate extranuclear\u0103 , deoarece au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi ", "D. sunt hibrizi reciproci , care manifest\u0103 sterilitate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele caractere ereditare normale se transmit exclusiv dominant:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. prognatismul, forma \u00eengust\u0103 a nasului ", "B. p\u0103rul c\u00e2rlion\u021bat, lobul liber al urechii ", "C. forma lat\u0103 a nasului, lobul ata\u0219at al urechii ", "D. p\u0103rul drept, strung\u0103rea\u021ba " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Victor Babe\u0219 a contribuit la dezvoltarea \u0219tiin\u021belor medicale mondiale deoarece :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. a elaborat primul tratat de virusologie din lume ", "2. a descoperit peste 50 de agen\u021bi patogeni ", "3. a descoperit tratamentul \u00eem potriva malariei ", "4. a ini\u021biat seroterapia modern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Citosolul con\u021bine :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. fibre proteice , care formeaz\u0103 citoscheletul ", "2. macromolecule , care formeaz\u0103 solu\u021bii coloidale ", "3. microtubuli, microfilamente \u0219i fibre intermediare ", "4. 1% ap\u0103, substan\u021be organice \u0219i anorganice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Istoria ingineriei genetice include numeroase descoperiri, cum sunt:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. 1967 \u2013 descoperirea structurii macromoleculei de ADN ", "2. 1978 \u2013 na\u0219terea primului copil prin fertilizare in vitro ", "3. 1979 \u2013 ob\u021binerea unei plante pornind de la un protoplast ", "4. 1983 \u2013 ob\u021binerea primelor ,,himere\u201d interspecifice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Trecerea coloizilor de la starea de sol la cea de gel depinde de:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. cantitatea de ap\u0103 din celul\u0103 ", "2. temperatur\u0103 ", "3. v\u00e2rsta celulei 5 ", " 4. prezen\u021ba O 2 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele asocieri \u00eentre fenotip \u015fi genotip la unele ras e de iepuri:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. blan\u0103 de culoare cenu\u015fie \u2013 CC; Ccch; Cch; Cc ", "2. blan\u0103 de culoare gri bej - cchcch; chch; cchch ", "3. blan\u0103 complet alb\u0103 (iepure albinos) \u2013 cc ", "4. blan\u0103 alb cu negru (iepure alb himalaian) \u2013 chc; cchc " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prezint\u0103 sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc homogametic:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. c\u00e2nepa de var\u0103 ", "2. amfibienii ", "3. albina ", "4. p\u0103s\u0103rile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt afirma\u0163ii adev\u0103rate referitoare la constituen\u0163ii specifici ai neuronului:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. neurofibrilele sunt formate din reticul endoplasmatic rugos ", "2. corpusculii Nissl sunt \u00eent\u00e2lni\u0163i \u00een corpul celular, axon \u015fi dendrite ", "3. miofibrilele sunt a lc\u0103tuite din miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u015fi miozin\u0103 ", "4. num\u0103rul corpilor tigroizi variaz\u0103 numeric, \u00een func\u0163ie de starea fiziologic\u0103 a celulei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de gene extranucleare :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber ", "2. enzime implicate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", "3. androsterilitatea la plante ", "4. direc\u0163ia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la Limnaea " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La Zea mays:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. determinismul sexelor este cromozomal cu heterozomi multipli ", "2. planta are sexe separate determinate genic ", "3. exist\u0103 plante femele de tip XX \u015fi plante mascule de tip XY ", "4. apare fenomenul de inversare a sexului sub ac\u0163iunea unor virusuri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt tehnici specifice ingineriei genetice:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. terapia genic\u0103 ", "2. hibridarea somatic\u0103 ", "3. transferul interspecific ", "4. conversia genic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i speciile de fungi care fac parte din grupa Bazidiomicete:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Cantharellus cibarius ", "2. Tilletia tritici ", "3. Pleurotus ostreatus ", "4. Monilia fructigena " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt caractere de superioritate ale ciliatelor \u00een raport cu alte protozoare:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. ingerarea hranei prin citostom \u015fi citofaringe ", "2. formarea de chisturi \u00ee n condi\u0163ii de mediu neprielnice ", "3. func\u0163ionarea alternativ\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 vacuole contractile ", "4. hr\u0103nirea autotrof\u0103 la lumin\u0103 \u015fi heterotrof\u0103 la \u00eentuneric " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt func\u021bii al e vacuolelor:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. depozitarea substan\u021belor de rezerv\u0103 ", "2. asigurarea constan\u021bei pH -ului celular ", "3. men\u021binerea turgescen\u021bei celulei ", "4. participarea la procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Plastidele, spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", "2. sunt specializate func\u021bional ", "3. se g\u0103sesc \u00een celulele tuturor organismelor oxibionte ", "4. pot transforma energia solar\u0103 \u00een energie chimic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Enun\u021burile corecte cu privire la interac\u021biunea ereditate \u2013 mediu, sunt:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. capacitatea organismelor de a r\u0103spunde la condi\u021biile de mediu este ereditar\u0103, \u00een limite impuse de ", "2. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet umiditatea determin\u0103 apari\u021bia indivizilor cu benzi negre pe abdomen ", "3. muta\u021biile genice pot conduce la cre\u0219terea heterozigo\u021biei, a fondului de gene a popula\u021biei \u0219i implicit a variabilit\u0103\u021bii acesteia. ", "4. muta\u021biile sunt modif ic\u0103ri programate ale materialului genetic, rezultate \u00een urma recombin\u0103rilor genetice. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Galactozemia se c aracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. blocarea sintezei unei catene din molecula hemoglobinei ", "2. transformarea galactozei \u00een glucoz\u0103 ", "3. \u00eenlocuirea acidului glutamic cu valina ", "4. inhibarea metabolismului hidrocarburilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre specie \u0219i num\u0103rul de cromozomi corespunz\u0103tor:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. ceap\u0103 \u2013 16 ", "2. c\u00e2ine \u2013 78 ", "3. cartof \u2013 48 ", "4. oaie \u2013 20 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Peretele celular are urmatoarele caracteristici :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. la tulpinile lemnoase, pe fa\u021ba lui extern\u0103 , prin ad\u0103ugarea unor produs e secundare ale metabolismului ", "2. la plante, el este alc\u0103tuit din molecule de glucoz\u0103 \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice de pectin\u0103 \u0219i hemiceluloz\u0103 ", "3. este impermeabil pentru ap\u0103, dar permeabil pentru majoritatea substan\u021belor solubile \u00een ap\u0103 ", "4. celuloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 elasticitate, iar pectina \u0219i hemiceluloza \u00eei asigur\u0103 plasticitate. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre speciile prezentate \u0219i clasele din care fac parte acestea :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Rhyzomucor parasiticus \u2013 Ascomicete ", "2. Ustilago maydis \u2013 Bazidiomicete ", "3. Morchella esculenta \u2013 Zigomicete ", "4. Cantharellus cibarius \u2013 Bazidiomicete " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celulele vegetale mature , comparativ cu cele tinere, prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. raportul volumului nucleu/citoplasm\u0103 este mult diferit ", "2. pozi\u021bia nucleului este de regul\u0103 central\u0103 ", "3. con\u021bin numeroase materii de rezerv\u0103 ", "4. dimensiunile sunt mai mici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt considerate abateri aparente sau reale de la legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 - la Pisum ", "2. supradominan\u021ba \u2013 la hibrizi heterozigo\u021bi ", "3. codominan\u021ba - la Mirabilis jalapa ", "4. polialelia - la om " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nucleolul, spre deosebire de ribozomi:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. nu este delimitat de un \u00eenveli\u0219 membranar ", "2. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul profazei ", "3. con\u021bine ribonucleoproteine ", "4. este \u00een contact direct cu carioplasma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Structurile cu rol \u00een conversia en ergiei din organismele vii sunt:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. cristele mitocond riale ", "2. aparatul genetic plastidial ", "3. membranele tilacoidale ", "4. lizozomii cu hidrolaze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Este adenovirus :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. virusul ebola ", "2. bacteriogagul T4 ", "3. virusul rabiei ", "4. virusul herpetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Poliploizii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. apar spontan la plantele din regiunile polare ", "2. formele triploide manifest\u0103 sterilitate ", "3. diploidizarea hibrizilor sterili poate induce f ertilitate ", "4. sunt mai mici dec\u00e2t formele diploide ale aceleia\u0219i specii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nucleoplasma con\u021bine :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. proteine fibrilare care me n\u021bin forma nucleului ", "2. ioni, proteine, nucleotide ", "3. o solu\u021bie coloidal\u0103 cu aspect omogen ", "4. ribozomi implica\u021bi \u00een sinteza proteinelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Proteine le prezente \u00een membrana celular\u0103 au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. enzimele \u2013 transmit semnale spre interiorul celulei ", "2. receptorii \u2013 formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi de hidrogen cu apa ", "3. canalele \u2013 reduc fluiditatea prin membran\u0103 ", "4. markeri i \u2013 recunosc celule de acela\u0219i tip " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri referitoare la enzimele din lizozomi:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. se stocheaz\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", "2. prin eliberare se activeaz\u0103 ", "3. pot liza unele organite uzate ", "4. au rol \u00een autofagie \u0219i heterofagie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristic i ale peretelui celular:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziune \u0219i este elastic ", "2. lamela mijlocie este format\u0103 \u00een special din celuloz\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 punctu a\u021biuni traversate de plasmodesme ", "4. men\u021bine forma celulei fiind definit ca endoschelet " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta/variantele corecte referitoare la acizii nucleici :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. T. H. Morgan a demonstrat c\u0103 ADN -ul are o structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 ", "2. cantitatea de ADN se dubleaz\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 prin transcrip\u021bie ", "3. informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 este copiat\u0103 \u00eentr -o anumit\u0103 succesiune a aminoacizilor ", "4. cu ajutorul anticodonului, ARNt recunoa\u0219te codonul specific aminoacidului din ARNm " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La \u00eencruci\u0219area AABb x AaBB, \u00een F1 rezult\u0103 :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. o segregare de 3D: 1r dup\u0103 fenotip ", "B. un procent de 25% pentru fiecare genotip rezultat ", "C. genotipul p\u0103rin\u021bilor , \u00een procent de 75% ", "D. un num\u0103r de 4 game\u021bi recombina\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. celuloz\u0103 \u2013 eubacterii ", "B. agar - oomicete ", "C. ergosterol - bacteriofagi ", "D. peridinin\u0103 - unele alge unicelulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteriofagul T4 :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine nucleotide cu timin\u0103 ", "B. are un material genetic accesoriu ", "C. exist\u0103 ca profag liber \u00een nucleolul gazdei ", "D. \u00een ciclul litic se replic\u0103 simultan cu nucleul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre rolul organitelor celulare :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. mitocondria genereaz\u0103 ATP prin foto liz\u0103 ", "B. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos asigur\u0103 sinteza hormonilor steroizi ", "C. rodoplastele con\u021bin ficobiline, clorofil\u0103 a \u0219i c ", "D. dictiozomii transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een glicopro teine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sindromul \u2033cri du chat\u2033 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. dele\u021bia bra\u021bului q al unui cromozom din grupa B ", "B. trisomie par\u021bial\u0103 pentru un autozom ", "C. \u00eenapoiere mi ntal\u0103 grav \u0103 \u0219i malforma\u021bii laringiene ", "D. ginecomastie \u0219 i atrofie testicular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Claviceps purpurea :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. are c\u00e2te 8 asce grupate \u00een apotecii ", "B. con\u021bine \u00een sclero\u021bi E rgomet \u0219i ergotoxin\u0103 ", "C. prin germinarea sclero\u021bilor apar periteciile ", "D. are un miceliu de tip sifonoplast " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul de cromozomi din anafaza mitotic\u0103 a unei celu le apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui individ cu sindrom Klinefelter este de:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. 92 ", "B. 47 ", "C. 48 ", "D. 94 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Se transmit dominant autozomal :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. brahidactilia, dolicocefalia, polidactilia ", "B. nasul lung, p\u0103rul drept, prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", "C. brahicefa lia, sindactilia, strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", "D. pistrui i, cecitatea cromatic\u0103, p\u0103rul c\u00e2rlion\u021bat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Euglena viridis \u0219i Trypanosoma gambiense se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. flagelilor \u0219i a membranei ondulante ", "B. vacuolelor digestive \u0219i a stigmei ", "C. unui singur nucleu cu nucleol ", "D. granulelor de paramilon " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Gena care determin\u0103 daltonismul :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se mo\u0219tene\u0219te de la tat\u0103 la fiu ", "B. se transmite non-mendelian ", "C. este dominant\u0103 la b\u0103ie\u021bi ", "D. se mo\u0219tene\u0219te de la bunic ul matern la nepot " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Despre mitocondrii se poate afirma c\u0103 :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. ADNmt determin\u0103 androsterilitate la animale ", "B. con\u021bin mai multe gene dec\u00e2t cloroplastele ", "C. deriv\u0103 din veziculele reticulului endoplasmatic ", "D. ADNmt prezint\u0103 muta\u021bii \u00een celule le canceroase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Au efect letal :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. botulina produs\u0103 de Boletus sp. ", "B. gena hemofiliei \u2013 pentru genotipul XhYh ", "C. paramecina secretat\u0103 de tipul Kk ", "D. gena pentru anemia falciform\u0103 \u2013 la heterozigo\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Persoanele cu sindrom Down spre deosebire de cele cu sindrom Klinefelter :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. au 3 cromozomi acrocentrici ", "B. prezint\u0103 o muta\u021bie de tip aneuploid ", "C. pot fi lipsite de corpuscul Bar r ", "D. provin din ovule (n+ X) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la caracteristicile unor ribovirusuri:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. virusu l rabic prezint\u0103 corp \u0219i coad\u0103 ", "B. virusul herpetic se lo calizeaz\u0103 \u00een ganglionii spinali ", "C. virusul mozaicului tutunului are o capsid\u0103 sferic\u0103 ", "D. virusul HIV determin\u0103 un ciclu lizogen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Au structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. mureina din peretele celulelor de Saccharomyces sp. ", "B. tubulinele din nucleoplasma de la Clostridium sp. ", "C. chitina din hifel e septate de la Aspergillus sp. ", "D. celuloza din pere\u021bii celulari de la Streptococcus sp. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi a firma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre p ermeabilitatea selectiv\u0103 a plasmalemei celulei animale:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. solu\u0163iile pot fi \u00eencorporate prin fagocitoz\u0103 ", "B. CO 2 poate difuza prin bistratul lipidic ", "C. ionii de Na+ sunt pompa\u0163i spre interiorul celulei ", "D. apa difuzeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul proteinelor c\u0103r\u0103u\u015f " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacillus subtilis :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se \u00eenmul\u021beste prin clivare transversal\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 tilacoide \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "C. are spa\u0163iul celular compartimentat ", "D. con\u021bine murein\u0103 \u00een membrana celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Vacuolele sunt :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. foarte slab dezvoltate \u00een celulele fungale ", "B. delimitate de o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 simpl\u0103 ", "C. de dimensiuni mici \u00een celu lele turgescente ", "D. implicate \u00een men\u021binerea homeostaziei celulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen diviziunea de matura\u0163ie:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. celula mam\u0103 are (n) perechi de cromozomi ", "B. \u00een profaz\u0103 \u015fi metafaz\u0103 exist\u0103 tetrade cromatidice ", "C. cantitatea de ADN dintr -o celul\u0103 mam \u0103 este 2C ", "D. exist\u0103 un singur centru celular cu doi centrioli \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Studiul izolatelor umane:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. este utilizat exclusiv pentru stabilirea naturii dominante sau recesive a bolii ", "B. eviden\u021biaz\u0103 frecven\u0163e diferite ale genelor fa\u0163\u0103 de popula\u0163ia general\u0103 ", "C. ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a observa fenomenul de heterozis \u00een popula\u021bie ", "D. furnizeaz\u0103 argumente pentru demonstrarea avantajelor consangviniz\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi plastidele:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. realizeaz\u0103 replicarea conserv ativ\u0103 a ADN extranuclear ", "B. se pot reproduce separat de diviziunea nucleului ", "C. sunt prezente \u00een citoplasma spematozoidului ", "D. sunt constituen\u021bi universali ai celulelor eucariote " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Privind ultrastructura celulei eucariote animale, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. pectinele sunt componentul principal al lamelei mijlocii ", "B. REG este implicat \u00een procesul de detoxifiere a celulei ", "C. lizozomii sunt sediul unor reac\u0163ii de hidroliz\u0103 a ATP ", "D. centriolii sunt forma\u021bi din microtubuli \u015fi proteine contractile " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Determinism ul sexelor este de tip:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Drosophila \u2013 c\u00e2nep\u0103 , Bomby x mori ", "B. Abraxas \u2013 porumbel, Humulus lupulus ", "C. Drosophila \u2013 salamandra, Bryonia dioica ", "D. genic \u2013crapul, Zea mays " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Amniocenteza :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een ultimul trimestru al sarcinii ", "B. permite analiza unor markeri fetali ", "C. prezint\u0103 un risc de avort spontan de 10% ", "D. se recomand\u0103 femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate care au sub 30 de ani " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Clonarea la mamifere :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. folose\u015fte transplantul de nucleu haploid ", "B. necesit\u0103 enuclea rea unei celul e somatic e a genitorului ", "C. se bazeaz\u0103 pe fenomenul de totipoten\u021b\u0103 a nucleului ", "D. duce la copii ale organismului care a donat ovulul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomul din perechea 16 dintr -o celul\u0103 somatic\u0103 uman\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. are dou\u0103 cromatide recombinate, \u00een S ", "B. prezint\u0103 satelit pe bra\u0163ul scurt, \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "C. con\u0163ine o singur\u0103 fibr\u0103 nucleozomal\u0103, \u00een G 1 ", "D. include dou\u0103 molecule de ADN monocatenar, \u00een G2 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Rezult\u0103 100% descenden\u021bi cu fenotipuri diferite de ale genitorilor \u00een cazul hibrid\u0103rii :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz x Mirabilis jalapa cu flori albe ", "B. g\u0103ini albastre de Andaluzia x g\u0103ini albastre de Andaluzia ", "C. Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze variegate x Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze verzi ", "D. Zea mays cu boabe albastre x Zea mays cu boabe galbene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul muta\u0163iilor genomice:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. maladia cri -du chat se asociaz\u0103 cu microcefalie ", "B. persoanele cu sindromul Down sunt sterile ", "C. alopoliploidia poate ap\u0103rea \u00een urma tratamentului cu colchicin\u0103 ", "D. autopoliploidia poate ap\u0103rea \u00een urma \u0219ocurilor termice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt protiste saprotrofe :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Amoeba histolitica ", "B. Saccharomyces cerevisae ", "C. Perenospora sp. ", "D. Physarum " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nucleolul spre deosebire de nucleoid :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine o molecul\u0103 circular\u0103 de ADN ", "2. este delimitat de membran\u0103 ", "3. se poate vizualiza \u00een telofaza timpurie ", "4. este bogat \u00een ARN ribozomal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nucleul celulei de drojdie de bere este sediul proceselor de :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. replicare ", "2. conjugare ", "3. transcrip\u021bie ", "4. transla\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Con\u021bine dezoxiribonucleotide :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. plasmidul F ", "2. endosporul ", "3. nucleosomul ", "4. VMT -ul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Unii dintre cromozomii submetacentrici ai cariotipului uman :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. se afl\u0103 \u00een grupa B ", "2. au raportul bra\u021belor q/p subunitar ", "3. sunt \u00een perechile 4, 18 ", "4. au centromerul situat median " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celulele vegetale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite pot avea :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. numeroase vacuole, mici ", "2. procese de asimila\u021bie mai intense ", "3. nucleul lobat, pozi\u021bionat central ", "4. modific\u0103ri asociate cu apoptoza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul profazei I se formeaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. filamentele kinetocorale care men\u021bin distan\u021ba dintre polii fusului ", "2. bivalen\u021bii, ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii genetice intracromozomiale ", "3. kinetocorul, care separ\u0103 cromatidele surori ale tetradei ", "4. fusul de d iviziune \u00eentre centrozomii deplasa\u021bi la poli " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. poliploidia poate fi indus\u0103 de Lindan ", "2. iperita \u0219i metil -metansulfonatul sunt mutageni chimici ", "3. aneuploidia la om poate fi incompatibil\u0103 cu via\u021ba ", "4. \u00eemperecheri de tip T -T sau T - G pot bloca transla\u021bia ARN t " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Despre ci anobacterii este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. con\u021b in ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 ", "2. Anabena \u0219i Oscillatoria sunt acvatice ", "3. Nostoc sp. are hete roci\u0219ti , cu rol \u00een reproducere ", "4. pot tr\u0103i \u0219i \u00een pe\u0219teri - Actinocylus sp. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Specii apar\u021bin\u00e2nd genurilor :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Puccinia \u0219i Tilletia atac\u0103 Triticum aestivum ", "2. Candida \u0219i Rhyzomucor sunt parazite ", "3. Peziza \u0219i Morchella sunt ascomicete ", "4. Amanita \u0219i Armillaria sunt otr\u0103vitoare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Formele triplode de dat\u0103 recent\u0103 :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. pot forma cromozomi multivalen\u021bi sau univalen\u021bi \u00een meioza I ", "2. sunt sterile \u2013 de exemplu vi\u021ba -de- vie ", "3. au o diviziune reduc\u021bional\u0103 dereglat\u0103 ", "4. apar prin nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. talasemia major este o hemoglobinopatie ", "2. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber are determinism genetic nuclear ", "3. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o gen\u0103 recesiv\u0103 ", "4. hemocromatoza se datoreaz\u0103 unei dele\u021bii heterozomale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. poate avea colonii mutante \u2033petite \u2033 ", "2. prezint\u0103 un tal pluricelular de tip filamentos ", "3. are ca produs de rezerv\u0103 glicogenul ", "4. diferen\u021biaz\u0103 un conidifor ramificat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre specia gazd\u0103 \u0219i specia parazit\u0103 care determin\u0103 mana:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. cartof - Phytopthora infestans ", "2. ceap\u0103 \u2013 Peronospora destructiv ", "3. vi\u021ba- de- vie \u2013 Plasmopara viticola ", "4. varza \u2013 Ustilago maydis " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Plasmidele:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin ADN bicatenar circular ", "2. se multiplic\u0103 prin amitoz\u0103 ", "3. exist\u0103 \u0219i la bacteriile F+ ", "4. sunt vectori virali ai genelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ATP-ul:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een mitocondrii \u0219i \u00een cloroplaste ", "2. are structura unei dezoxiribonucleotide ", "3. con\u021bine adenin\u0103, trei grup\u0103ri fosfat \u0219i riboz\u0103 ", "4. asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea pompei Na+- K+ \u00een nucleol " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Poate fi observat\u0103 cu ochiul liber:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. celula din pericarpul tomatelor ", "2. bacteria Thiomargarita ", "3. celula muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 ", "4. celula de Saccharomyces cerevisiae " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La sinteza glicoproteinelor particip\u0103, direct sau indirect:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. nucleul ", "2. nucleolul ", "3. REG ", "4. dictiozomii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul hibrid\u0103rii AaB bCcx AaBbCc, \u00een absen\u0163a recombin\u0103rii intracromozomale:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 fenotip va fi de 3:1 pentru oricare caracter ereditar considerat ", "2. probabilitatea ca doi descenden\u021bi s\u0103 mo\u0219teneasc\u0103 aceea\u0219i combina\u021bie de cromozomi este 1/26 ", "3. raportul de segregare va fi de 9:3:3:1 pentru oricare dou\u0103 caractere ereditare luate \u00een considera\u0163ie ", "4. probabilitatea aparitiei indivizilor cu dou\u0103 caractere dominante \u0219i cea a apari\u0163iei indivizilor cu trei caractere dominante sunt egale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Equus mulus \u015fi Equus hinnus prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. dereglarea meiozei ", "2. aceea\u015fi ereditate nuclear\u0103 ", "3. plasmagene diferite ", "4. ereditate extranuclear\u0103 fals\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Realizarea crossing -overului implic\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. formarea tetradelor cromatidice \u00een profaza I ", "2. dispunerea liniar\u0103 a gene lor \u00een cromozomi ", "3. schimbul de segmente cromatidice \u00eentre omologi ", "4. generarea de informa\u0163ie genetic\u0103 nou\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Are un num\u0103r par de microtubuli:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. centriolul ", "2. partea mobil\u0103 a flagelului ", "3. blefaroplastul ", "4. centrul celular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia / afirma\u021biile corecte despre virusuri :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. ribovirusurile con\u0163in uracil \u00een acidul nucleic ", "2. virionul se integreaz\u0103 \u00een cromozom, \u00een ciclul lizogen ", "3. virusul vegetativ este lipsit de capsid\u0103 ", "4. virusurile se divid rapid , \u00een cursul ciclului litic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteriile metanogene :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. fac parte din arhebacterii ", "2. sunt utilizate la cur\u0103\u021barea apelor reziduale ", "3. tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii lipsite de oxigen ", "4. produc fenomenul de \u00eenflorire a apelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cenmul \u021birea sexuat\u0103 a fungilor se face prin:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. gametangiogamie \u2013 la Mucor mucedo ", "2. oogamie special\u0103 \u2013 la Achlya sp. ", "3. somatogamie \u2013 la Agaricus campestris ", "4. \u00eenmugurire \u2013 la Saccharomyces cerevisiae " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Boletus edulis are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. hife neseptate; basidiospori ", "2. plectenchim; somatogamie ", "3. glicogen; gametogamie ", "4. chitin\u0103; corp de fructifica\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sarcodinele din apele marine:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. formeaz\u0103 pseudopode; exemplu - Amoeba proteus ", "2. prezint\u0103 un exoschelet silicios; exemplu \u2013 radiolarii ", "3. se hr\u0103nesc prin osmoz\u0103; exemplu \u2013 Enta moeba histolitica ", "4. sunt planctonice; exemplu \u2013 foraminiferele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pentru sinteza humulinei de c\u0103tre Escherichia coli, pornind de la ARNm este nevoie de:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. ADN ligaz\u0103 ", "2. endonucleaze de restric \u021bie ", "3. reverstranscriptaz\u0103 ", "4. ARNm din celulele hepatice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Este consecin \u021ba unei muta \u021bii recesive la nivelul genomului nuclear:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. neuropatia optic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 Leber ", "2. galactozemia ", "3. anemia falciform\u0103 ", "4. distrofia muscular\u0103 Duchenne " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prin \u00eencruci \u0219area \u00eentre dou\u0103 linii consangvinizate la porumb, rezult\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. indivizi cu gene recesive homozigotate ", "2. segregare dup\u0103 genotip \u0219i fenotip \u00een descenden \u021b\u0103 ", "3. indivizi cu rezisten \u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 la condi \u021bii nefav orab ile ", "4. descenden \u021bi care au o productivitate mai ridicat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La \u00eencruci \u0219area \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. 25% din embrioni sunt homozigo \u021bi dominan \u021bi ", "2. legile lui Mendel nu au aplicabilitate ", "3. \u00een F1 dispare o categorie genotipic\u0103 ", "4. alela pentru culoarea galben\u0103 a bl\u0103nii este recesiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celulele eucariote se caracter izeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. globulele ro\u015fii \u015fi celulele mezenchimale au form\u0103 discoidal\u0103 ", "B. peretele celular secundar este sub\u0163ire \u015fi elastic \u0219i poate con\u0163ine ceruri, sporopolenine etc. ", "C. pompa de Na +/ K+ expulzeaz\u0103 doi ioni de Na+ \u015fi introduce trei ioni de K+ ", "D. canalele RE po t ocupa peste 50% din spa\u0163iul celular, av\u00e2nd \u015fi rol mecanic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi a firma\u0163ia adev\u0103rat\u0103 privind amitoza :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. nucleul \u015fi citoplasma se divid sincron , ca \u015fi \u00een diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103 ", "B. diviziunea prin clivare are loc la Pleurococcus viridis \u015fi Escherichia coli ", "C. drojdia de bere, numit\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, se \u00eenmul\u021be\u0219te prin \u00eenmugurire ", "D. diviziunea prin strangulare presupune invaginarea membranei celulare \u0219i g\u00e2tuirea nucleului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Genele extranucleare:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la g asteropodele terestre din genul Limnaea ", "B. sunt mai numeroase \u00een primordiile cloroplastelor game\u0163ilor b\u0103rb\u0103te\u015fti dec\u00e2t \u00een cele femeie\u0219ti ", "C. determin\u0103 sensibilitatea unor tipuri de musculi\u0163e de o\u0163et la concentra\u0163ii crescute de CO 2 ", "D. sunt localizate \u00een nucleul para mecilor, sub forma particulelor Kappa, cu rol \u00een conjugare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Procariotele pot:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. produce endospor i lipsi\u021bi de ADN , ca o form \u0103 de conservare a speciei ", "B. fi heterotrofe (bacteriile halofile ) sau autotrofe (bacteriile fermentative ) ", "C. utiliza O 2 \u00een scopul ob\u021binerii d e energie, \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba unor enzime respiratorii ", "D. fixa azotul din ap\u0103, duc\u00e2nd la \u00eembog\u0103\u0163irea mediului lor de via\u0163\u0103 \u00een azot. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. la Euglena viridis , produsul final al fotosintezei este reprezentat de paramilon ", "B. Tripanosoma gambiense este parazit doar \u00een lichidul cefalorahidian ", "C. prin simbioz\u0103 cu algele albastre -verzi, radiolarii cap\u0103t\u0103 culoarea verde ", "D. Plasmodium malariae se \u00eenmul\u0163 e\u015fte asexuat \u00een corpul \u0163\u00e2 n\u0163arului Anofel " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile intervin \u00een:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. sinteza unor proteine \u015fi transportul di ver\u015filor ioni, ca \u015fi reticulul endoplasmatic neted ", "B. producerea de energie \u00een cadrul unui ciclu de reac\u0163ii catalizate de enzime hidrolitice ", "C. sinteza unor compu\u015fi macroergici, cum ar fi ATP \u2013ul, ob\u0163inut prin fosforilare oxidativ\u0103 ", "D. ereditatea extranuclear\u0103, prin moleculele de ADN \u00eenglobate \u00een crestele mitocondriale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. cromozomii prezint\u0103 ribozomi ce se continu\u0103 cu canalele reticulului endoplasmatic ", "B. osmoza const\u0103 \u00een trecerea moleculelor de solvit prin membrana semipermeabil\u0103 a celulei ", "C. glucoza nu are nevoie de proteine transportatoare pentru a difuza prin membrana celular\u0103 ", "D. neurofibrilele sunt organite celulare specifice, prezente \u00een neuroplasm\u0103, axo ni \u015fi dendrite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Equus hinnus este :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. calul ", "B. m\u0103garul ", "C. cat\u00e2rul ", "D. bardoul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Eviden\u021bierea corpusculu lui Barr:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. este un test obligatoriu \u00een competi\u021biile sportive interna\u021bionale ", "B. se efectueaz\u0103 pentru activarea genelor nefunc\u021bionale ", "C. reprezint\u0103 o cale de identificare exact\u0103 a sexului masculin ", "D. implic\u0103 studierea nucleul ui profazic la femei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Substan\u021bele organice :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. amidonul \u0219i fosfolipidele au rol structural ", "B. celuloza \u0219i chitina sunt substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 ", "C. trigliceridele \u0219i glicogenul au rol energetic ", "D. enzimele \u0219i cerurile sunt biocatalizatori " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen anemia falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. starea heterozigot\u0103 este letal\u0103 ", "B. hematiile transport\u0103 mai pu\u021bin oxigen ", "C. hemoglobina este afectat\u0103 la nivelul caten ei \u03b1 ", "D. valina este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu ac idul glutamic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Crossing -over -ul este:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. o segregare independent\u0103 a cromozomilor bivalen\u021bi ", "B. un transfer unidirec\u0163ional de informa\u0163ie genetic\u0103 ", "C. un schimb echilibrat de gene \u00eentre cromatidele nesurori ", "D. recombinare a bidirec\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre cromozomi din perechi diferite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Proteine din structura materiei vii sunt:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. miozina \u015fi steroizii ", "B. chitina \u015fi ergosterolul ", "C. cerurile \u015fi prolaminele ", "D. clorofila \u015fi cheratina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Clostridium botulin um este :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. un organism cu respira\u021bie aerob\u0103 ", "B. distrus u\u0219or la temperaturi de 80\u043eC ", "C. bogat \u00een murein\u0103, o protein\u0103 fibrilar\u0103 ", "D. o specie anaerob\u0103 cu poten\u021bial patogen ridicat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Diatomita poate fi utilizat\u0103 ca :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. fertilizator ", "B. produs dietetic ", "C. mediu de cultur\u0103 ", "D. filtru nat ural " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mucegaiul negru de p\u00e2ine este provocat de c\u0103tre :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Naegleria fowleri ", "B. Synchytrium endobioticum ", "C. Rhyzomucor parasiticus ", "D. Rhyzopus stolonifer " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Virusurile care con\u0163in ADN:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se mai numesc ADN -ribovirusuri ", "B. sunt distruse prin tratament cu antibiotice ", "C. distrug cel ula atunci c\u00e2nd se afl\u0103 \u00een ciclu lizogen ", "D. au ca reprezentant bacteriofagul T4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cea mai mare diferen\u0163\u0103 dintre bra\u0163e le p \u0219i q exist\u0103 \u00een cazul cromozomilor din grupele :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. A \u0219i B ", "B. C \u0219i E ", "C. D \u0219i G ", "D. F \u0219i G " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Turgescen\u0163a unei celule vegetale:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. este presiunea peretelui ce lular asupra citoplasmei ", "B. scade \u00eentr -o solu\u0163ie hiper ton\u0103 ", "C. determin\u0103 procesul de citoliz\u0103 ", "D. descre\u0219te \u00een mediu hip otonic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Epoxizii sunt:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. ceruri complexe ", "B. factori mutageni ", "C. steroizi vegetali ", "D. enzime hidrolitice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Y:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este lipsit de centromer ", "B. este de tip acrocentric, lipsit de satelit ", "C. con\u021bine doar 5% din genomul uman ", "D. poate con\u021bine gena mutant\u0103 pentru miopatia Duchenne " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cemperecherile aberante de tip TT sunt produse de:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. razele R\u00f6entgen ", "B. radia\u021bii corpusculare ", "C. razele ultraviolete ", "D. radia\u021biile gamma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prin amnioc entez\u0103 se poate detecta urm\u0103 toarea maladie metabolic\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. trisomia \u00een mozaic ", "B. idio\u0163ia maurotic\u0103 ", "C. trisomia 13 ", "D. spina bifida " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de gene autozomale recesive:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. daltonismul \u015fi fenilcetonuria ", "B. talasemia major\u0103 \u0219i brahidactilia ", "C. cretinismul sporadic \u015fi hem ofilia ", "D. galactozemia \u015fi albinismul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. zigomicetele se \u00eenmul\u0163esc prin spori forma\u0163i \u00een sporangi, numi\u0163i conidii ", "B. unele specii din filumul Chytridiomycota sunt parazite \u00een tubul digestiv al unor mamifere ", "C. ascomicetele se pot \u00eenmul\u0163i p rin spori sexua\u0163i \u2013 conidii \u015fi asexua\u0163i \u2013 ascospori ", "D. la Claviceps purpurea , sclero\u0163ii con\u0163in ergotoxina \u015fi ergometrina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nucleul prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. o membran\u0103 nuclear\u0103 dubl\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de permeabilitate ", "B. refringen\u021b\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t citosolul \u00een care este \u00eenglobat ", "C. \u00een cromatin\u0103 forma\u0163iuni sferice, cu membran\u0103, numite nucleoli ", "D. doi centrioli, alc\u0103tui\u0163i din microtubuli \u015fi microfilamente proteice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Determinism cromozomal cu heterozomi mu ltipli apare la :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Bryonia dioica ", "B. Humulus lupulus ", "C. Apis melifera ", "D. Bombyx mori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hidrolaze le:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. sunt stocate \u00een lizozomi \u00eentr -un mediu acid ", "B. diger\u0103 con\u021binutul fagozomilor la specii de amoebe ", "C. distrug substan\u021be proprii organismului prin heterofagie ", "D. sunt implicate \u00een producerea de energie la nivel celular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. colesterolul m\u0103re\u0219te fluiditatea membranei plasmatice ", "B. glicerolul este o substan\u021b\u0103 cu trei grup\u0103ri \u2013OH nepolare ", "C. fitosterolii sunt lipide complexe, indispensabili celulei nervoase ", "D. fosfolipidele au p\u0103r\u021bi hidrofile care vin \u00een contact cu proteine membranare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Vacuolele din celulel e vegetale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite , spre deosebire de cele din celulele tinere:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt delimitate de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", "B. se numesc vacuole digestive \u0219i realizeaz\u0103 digestia la protozoare \u0219i spongieri ", "C. sunt mai pu\u021bin numeroase \u0219i pot ocupa mare parte din sp a\u021biul celular ", "D. au rol \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 \u0219i \u00een depozitarea unor substan\u021be anabolice \u0219i catabolice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la \u00eenveli\u015furile celulare, sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u0163iile:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. peretel e celular vegetal con\u021bine molecule de celuloz\u0103 \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice de pectin\u0103 \u0219i hemiceluloz\u0103 ", "2. modelul membranar al mozaicului fluid a fost propus de S.J.Singer \u015fi G.C. Nicholson \u00een anul 1970 ", "3. peretele celular al procariotelor poate con\u0163ine acid diamin opimelic, peptidoglicani etc. ", "4. proteinele transmembranare str\u0103bat doar par\u0163ial plasmalema eucariotelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Acidul dezoxiribonucleic:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. la om , formeaz\u0103 cromozomi submetacentrici \u00een perechile 17 \u015fi 18 din grupa D ", "2. din structura virusului herpetic poate fi cantona t \u00een ganglionii spinali de pe traseul nervilor spinali ", "3. al procariote lor formeaz\u0103 nucleoidul, care este puternic complexat cu proteine histonice ", "4. la bacteriile cu poten\u021bial masculin formeaz\u0103 structuri care le pot asigura o rezisten\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma \u021bia corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sarcoamele, leucemiile pot ap\u0103rea sub ac\u0163iunea unor factori mutageni biologici ", "2. Rubus parviflor us, rud\u0103 a murului, cu petale multiple a ap\u0103rut prin muta\u021bii spontane ", "3. Sprenger a izolat \u0219i multiplicat o form\u0103 mutant\u0103 de rostopasc\u0103 cu frunze lacini ate ", "4. fenolii la animale \u0219i cafeina la plante produc ruperi ale cromozomilor urmate de rearanjarea lor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la biotehnologiile moderne se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. androgeneza direct\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een ob\u0163inerea unor noi pl\u0103ntu\u0163e prin regenerarea din calus ", "2. au fost ut ilizate pentru ob\u0163inerea de interleukine, eritropoietin\u0103, factori antihemofilici etc. ", "3. liniile pure (izogene) sunt plante haploide, ob\u0163inute din polen, ovare, antere sau ovule nefecundate ", "4. endonucleazele de restric\u0163ie taie molecula de ADN a unui vector plasm idial sau viral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Organitele celulare se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. cilii se pot afla la polul superior al celulelor epiteliului pseudostratificat din trahee ", "2. cloroplastele au fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl, \u00een anul 1837 ", "3. RE intr\u0103 \u015fi \u00een structura plasmodesmelor care asigur\u0103 leg\u0103turile intercelulare ", "4. moleculele sintetizate la nivelul RER p\u0103trund \u00een dictiozomi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 legat\u0103 de Oomicete :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Achlya este asem\u0103n\u0103to are cu fungii superiori ", "2. Albugo candida produce \u201ealbumeala cruciferelor\u201d ", "3. Saprolegnia are perete celular chitinos ", "4. Peronospora destructor produce mana cepei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Rizinele :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. sunt caracteristice mucegaiurilor ", "2. au rol \u00een deplasarea rizopodelor ", "3. sunt fragmente de tal cu rol \u00een \u00eenmul\u021bire ", "4. au rol de fixare a lichenilor pe substrat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Constituie particularit\u0103\u0163i a le mezozomului bacterian:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. rolul de fixare a cromozomului bacterian ", "2. implicarea sa \u00een procesul respirator ", "3. provenien\u0163a sa din plasmalem\u0103 ", "4. obligativitatea prezen\u0163ei sale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tehnica amniocentezei:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. poate detecta unele abera\u0163ii cromozomiale \u015fi toate erorile metaboli ce \u00eenn\u0103scute ", "2. const\u0103 \u00een introducerea unor substan\u021be de contrast \u00een uter \u0219i cercetarea radiologic\u0103 a fetusului ", "3. necesit\u0103 extragerea unei cantit\u0103\u0163i de lichid amniotic \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nile 4 \u2013 8 de sarcin\u0103 ", "4. const\u0103 \u00een centrifugarea lichidului amniotic extras \u015fi \u00een anal iza celulelor din precipitatul ob\u021binut " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163iile corecte:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. dictiozomii au rol \u00een prelucrarea unor proteine \u0219i lipide \u015fi \u00een sinteza polizaharidelor ", "2. reticulul endoplasmatic neted are un rol important \u00een metabolismul glicogenului ", "3. unele protein e membranare realizeaz\u0103 func\u0163ii specializate ale plasmalemei ", "4. aparatul Golgi este situat la periferia celulei, opus nucleului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma reac\u021biilor oxidative din mitocondrii rezult\u0103 energie:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru mi\u0219care ", "2. utilizabil\u0103 \u00een procesul de div iziune celular\u0103 ", "3. care se poate pierde sub form\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", "4. utilizabil\u0103 \u00een sinteze de noi substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cunoa\u0219terea legii segreg\u0103rii independente a perechilor de caractere are importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. procesul de ameliorare a soiurilor de plante ", "2. ob\u021binerea de noi combina\u021bii de caractere utile ", "3. producerea de noi soiuri de plante cultivate ", "4. crearea unor noi rase de animale domestice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pentru a efectua hibridarea la plante de maz\u0103re, Mendel:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. a depus polenul recoltat de la genitorul patern pe stigmatul un ei flori castrate ", "2. a recoltat polen de la genitorul m atern selectat pentru hibridare ", "3. a castrat o plant\u0103 hermafrodit\u0103 de maz\u0103re prin \u00eendep\u0103rtarea staminelor ", "4. a utilizat celule produse de aceea\u0219i floare , ca genitori matern \u0219i patern " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Algele albastre -verzi:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin ficoeritrin\u0103 \u00een cromatoplasm\u0103 ", "2. prezint\u0103 ficocianin\u0103 \u00een centroplasm\u0103 ", "3. au reprezentan\u021bi care pot fixa azotul atmosferic ", "4. produc un amidon specific , asem\u0103n\u0103tor colagenului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Din \u00eencreng\u0103tura Cyanophyta face parte:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Nostoc sp. ", "2. Rivularia sp. ", "3. Anabaena sp. ", "4. Oscill atoria sp. " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Interferonul:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. are propriet\u0103\u021bi antivirale \u0219i antitumorale ", "2. este produs \u00een mod natural de c\u0103tre fibroblaste ", "3. poate fi produs de anumi\u021bi hibrizi celulari somatici ", "4. este pr odus, mult mai scump, de c\u0103tre H ibridoma " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Structura bicatenar\u0103 a ADN -ului a fos t descoperit\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. J.D. Watson ", "2. T.H. Morgan ", "3. F.H.C. Crick ", "4. O.T. Avery " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Equus asinus are:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. 32 perechi de cromozomi ", "2. 31 perechi de cromozomi ", "3. 2n= 64 cromozomi ", "4. 2n=62 cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ascomicetele:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. dezvolt\u0103 micelii primare + \u0219i \u2013 prin germinarea ascosporilor ", "2. se repro duc asexuat prin heterogametangiogamie ", "3. dezvolt\u0103 anteridii \u0219i game\u021bi masculini pe miceliile tip \u2013 ", "4. produc ascogoane \u0219i anteridii pe miceliile de tip + " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fucoxantina:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. se poate eviden\u021bia la filumul Bacillariophyta ", "2. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een feoplaste \u00eempreun\u0103 cu clorofila a \u0219i d ", "3. mascheaz\u0103 pigmen\u021bii clorofilieni ai feofitelor ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een peretele celular al diatomeelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cladogeneza :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00een scindarea unei specii \u00een mai multe specii diferite ", "2. este procesul de acumulare a unor muta\u021bii d\u0103un\u0103toare \u00een genomul speciei ", "3. este un fenome n evolutiv care spore\u0219te variabilitatea lumii vii ", "4. const\u0103 \u00een transformarea progresiv\u0103 a unei specii \u00een alt\u0103 specie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ribovirusuri le produc la om :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. poliomielita ", "2. rabia ", "3. gripa ", "4. herpesul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Din categoria bolilor venerice fac parte:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. gonoreea ", "2. dizenteria ", "3. sifilisul ", "4. difte ria " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ritmul de diviziune al vibrionului holeric este \u00eencetinit din cauza:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. diminu\u0103rii cantit\u0103\u021bii de hran\u0103 ", "2. unui mediu prea uscat ", "3. radia\u021biilor ultraviolete ", "4. utiliz\u0103rii unor antibiotice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Traian S\u0103vulescu a adus contribu\u021bii importante:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. dezvolt\u0103rii micologiei \u00een R om\u00e2nia ", "2. \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii algologiei ca ramur\u0103 a biologiei ", "3. studiului organismelor din regnul Fungi ", "4. studiului algelor pluricelulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ascomicete saprofite sunt cele din genul:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Saccharomyces ", "2. Aspergillus ", "3. Penicillium ", "4. Pilobolus " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Organitele celulare comune se caracteriz eaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. RE, ca \u015fi mitocondriile , este delimitat de membrane lipoproteice ", "2. dictiozomii plantelor carnivore sunt implica\u0163i \u00een biogeneza peretelui celular. ", "3. ribozomul complet func\u021bional este alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi inegale ", "4. miofibrilele au miofilamente c ontractile a\u015fezate hexagonal. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen diviziunea celular\u0103 :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. \u00een profaz\u0103 are loc condensarea cromatinei, dezorganizarea nucleolilor \u015fi a \u00eenveli\u015fului nuclear ", "2. \u00een celulele vegetale , citochineza presupune formarea unei membrane primordiale \u00een plan ecuatorial ", "3. \u00een telof az\u0103 au loc decondensarea cromozomilor, reorganizarea nucleolilor \u0219i a \u00eenveli\u015fului nuclear ", "4. \u00een celulele animale, \u00een citochinez\u0103, placa central\u0103 de separare se transform\u0103 \u00eentr -o lamel\u0103 mijlocie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prionii:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. sunt molecule de ADN circular ", "2. pot determin a boli la une le animale ", "3. produc alungirea tuberculilor de cartof ", "4. sunt particule infec\u021bioase de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Microtubulii:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. sunt grupa\u021bi c\u00e2te nou\u0103 \u00een trei grupe dispuse periferic la nivelul centrozomilor ", "2. intr\u0103 \u00een structura cililor \u0219i flagelilor unde formeaz\u0103 nou\u0103 pere chi periferice \u0219i dou\u0103 perechi centrale ", "3. lipsesc din structura centrozomilor, cililor \u0219i flagelilor la grupele de protiste ", "4. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba citoscheletului al\u0103turi de microfilamente \u0219i fibre intermediare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Zoomastigin\u0103 parazit\u0103 pluriflagelat\u0103 este :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Entamoeba histolitica ", "B. Codonosiga sp. ", "C. Giardia intestinalis ", "D. Tripanosoma gambiense " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la meioz\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. metafaza I fiecare cromozom omolog este tetracromatidic ", "B. profaza I I se formeaz\u0103 tetradele cromozomale \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi ", "C. finalul telofazei I cromozomii bic romatidici sunt recomb ina\u021bi ", "D. anafaza I cromozomii bicromatidici gliseaz\u0103 pe filamentele polare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Celula bacterian\u0103 poate prezenta:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. plasmide care controleaz\u0103 replicarea cromozomului ", "B. pili, filamente lungi, cu rol \u00een procesul de reproducere ", "C. mucus \u0219i murein\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba glicocalixului ", "D. fimbri le mai rigide dec\u00e2t flagelii, cu rol \u00een mi\u015fcare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Protist cu caracter de animale este :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Phytophtora sp. ", "B. Peronospora sp. ", "C. Proterospongia sp. ", "D. Peredinium sp. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Radiolarii \u0219i foraminiferele:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. sunt un grup de amoebe dulcicole ", "B. cont ribuie la formarea rocilor biogene ", "C. se \u00eenmul\u0163esc prin procesul de conjugare ", "D. au nutri\u021bie heterotrof\u0103 sau chimioautotrof\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercr omozomal\u0103 :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. permite, pe baza frecven\u021bei ei de manifestare , alc\u0103tuirea h \u0103r\u021bilor cromozomale ", "B. are ca premis\u0103 a\u0219ezarea aleatorie a cromozomilor omologi \u00een placa metafazic\u0103 ", "C. determin\u0103 acela\u0219i num\u0103r de combina\u021bii posibile \u00een game\u021bi \u0219i \u00een genotipul descenden\u021bilor ", "D. caracterizeaz\u0103 metafaza II a procesului de diviziun e meiotic \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alopoliploidia este o :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. cauz\u0103 a trisomiilor autozomale \u0219i hetero zomale ", "B. consecin\u021b\u0103 a nondisjunc\u021bie a cromozomilor omologi ", "C. modificare inexact\u0103 a setului haploid de cromozomi ", "D. multiplicare a num\u0103rului de cromozomi prin hibridare spontan\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Probabilitatea ca \u00een d escenden\u021ba rezultat\u0103 din c\u0103s\u0103toria dintre o femeie purt\u0103toare a genei pentru daltonism cu un b\u0103rbat s\u0103n\u0103to s s\u0103 rezulte un copil bolnav de daltonism este de :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. 25% ", "B. 50% ", "C. 75% ", "D. 100% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Muta\u0163iile genice spontane sunt :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. recombin\u0103ri genetice intracromozomale ", "B. consecin\u021ba unor hibrid\u0103ri interspecifice ", "C. cauza cre\u0219terii heterozigo\u021biei popula\u021biei ", "D. modific\u0103ri programate \u00een structura materialului genetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Corpusculul Barr este absent \u00een celulele somatice ale :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. femeilor afectate de sindromul Turner ", "B. b\u0103rba\u021bilor afecta\u021bi de sindromul Klinefelter ", "C. femeilor afectate de sindromul D own ", "D. femeilor afecta te de maladia Cri -du-Chat " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u0163ia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Clostridium botulinum este o specie anaerob\u0103 ", "B. Peredinium sp. este o specie saprofit\u0103 ", "C. Naegleria fowleri este o specie autotrof\u0103 ", "D. Volvox aureus este o specie parazit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen tetrasomie:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. formula cariotipului uman este 2n -1 ", "B. ca \u00een nulisomie, lipse\u0219te o pereche de cromozomi ", "C. \u00een fiecare celul\u0103 exist\u0103 patru genomuri identice ", "D. formula cariotipului uman este 2n+ 2 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. \u00een albinism scade sensibilitatea la expuneri solare ", "B. \u00een galactozemie este stimul at metabolismul hidrocarburilor ", "C. \u00een cretinismul sporadic tirozin a nu se transform \u0103 \u00een tiroxin \u0103 ", "D. \u00een talasemia major\u0103 se sintetizeaz\u0103 ambele catene \u03b2 ale hemoglobinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Paramecium caudatum :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. inger\u0103 hrana prin citoproct ", "B. este un protozoar ciliat pro cariot ", "C. se reproduce asexuat prin conjugare ", "D. utilizeaz \u0103 cilii \u0219i pentru procurarea hranei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Escherichia coli prezint \u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. nucleu ", "B. plasmide ", "C. nucleoli ", "D. microtubuli " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la meioza unei celule mam\u0103 cu 2n=4 cromozomi :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. \u00een anafaza etapei ecva\u021bionale a meiozei exist\u0103 2n=2 cromozomi \u00een fiecare celul\u0103 ", "B. nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi are loc la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anafazei I ", "C. \u00een profaza I I spre deosebire de profaza I au loc fenomene de recombinare genetic\u0103 ", "D. cei patru game\u021bi forma\u021bi con\u021bin o combina\u021bi e de material genetic, matern \u0219i patern " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen crossing -over:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. sinapsa cromozomal\u0103 se face prin intermediul unei lipoproteine ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 gene noi prin recombinare int ercromozomal\u0103 ", "C. schimbul de gene este mai frecvent \u00eentre genele apropiate ", "D. are loc un schimb de ADN \u00eentre cromozomul matern \u0219i omologul patern " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm \u0103toarele organisme procariote con \u021bin pigmen \u021bi asimilatori:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. mucegaiul verde -alb\u0103strui ", "B. algele ro \u0219ii \u0219i brune ", "C. mucegaiul negru ", "D. algele albastre - verzi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la protistele simbionte:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Paramecium bursaria are vacuole pulsatile ", "B. Amoeba proteus fagociteaz\u0103 bacterii ", "C. Rhizobacterium leguminosarum poate fixa N 2 ", "D. Glomus sp. poate realiza micorize " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la etapele ob\u021binerii ADN-ului recombina nt:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. ob\u021binerea unui A DN insert, care con \u021bine gena de interes, cu ajutorul ligazelor, care vor fragmenta molecula de A DN \u00een anumite situsuri particulare ", "B. stabilirea unui vector de clonare, care poate fi un virus sau o macromolecul \u0103 de AD N circular capabil de replica \u021bie independent fa \u021b\u0103 de cromozomu l bacterian ", "C. inserarea genei de inters \u00een vector, sub ac \u021biunea endonucleazelor de restric \u021bie, care sudeaz \u0103 capetele lipicioase, rezult \u00e2nd un AD N hibrid ", "D. introducerea AD N-ului recombinant \u00een celula gazd \u0103, prin microinjectia unor particule de metal \u00een " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. ceapa - 2n=18 ", "B. gr\u00e2ul comun - 2n=44 ", "C. secar a - 2n=14 ", "D. cartoful - 2n= 38 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Paramecii \u201dsensibili\u201d :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. transmit particule kappa \u00een timpul conjug\u0103rii ", "B. con\u021bin circa 1600 particule kappa /celul\u0103 ", "C. au \u00eensu\u0219iri suplimentare dator ate unui simbiont procariot ", "D. sunt distru\u0219i de paramecina din mediul lor de via\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Analiza Doppler este utilizat\u0103, \u00een timpul sarcinii, pentru:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. depistarea embrionilor cu sindrom Down ", "B. vizionarea car acteristici lor 3D ale f\u0103tului ", "C. depistarea eventualelor inf ec\u021bii ale mamei ", "D. evaluarea vitezei s\u00e2ngelui \u00een circula\u021bia fetal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Una dintre metodele de ob\u021binere a insulinei umane:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. utilizeaz\u0103 ARN -ul mesager (ARNm) produs \u00een celulele alfa ale pancreasului endocrin ", "B. implic\u0103 ARN -ul mesager pe baza c\u0103rui se sintetizeaz\u0103 ADNc care con\u021bine secven\u021be noninforma\u021bionale de nucleotide ", "C. presupune ob\u021binerea unei molecule de ADN compleme ntar cu secven\u021bel e de baze azotate din ARNm ", "D. folose\u0219te enzima numit\u0103 reverstranscriptaz\u0103 pentru clonarea genelor catenelor A \u0219i B din insulin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Clon area:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. genic\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin diviziunea embrionului ", "B. zigo\u021bilor se face prin ob\u021binerea unor copii exacte ale unor gene ", "C. somatic \u0103 are loc prin introducerea nucleului unui ovul \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 diploid\u0103 ", "D. celular\u0103 duce la ob\u021binerea unei colonii de celule identice pornind de la o celul \u0103 cultivat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen popula\u021biile de a merindienii din Panama \u0219i SUA:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. ca o consecin\u021b\u0103 a puternicei consangviniz\u0103ri frecven\u021ba albinismului ajunge la 1/20000 ", "B. consangvinizarea \u0219i heterozigotar ea genelor mutante sunt consecin\u021ba izol\u0103rii geografice ", "C. genele autozomale recesive care \u00eempiedic\u0103 sinteza melaninei sunt homozigotate cu frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1/140 ", "D. barierele de natur\u0103 religioas\u0103, social\u0103 \u0219i rasial\u0103 au dus la homozigotarea genei care determin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Interfaza include urm\u0103toare a perioad \u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. de odihn\u0103 scurt\u0103 sau permanent\u0103, \u00een care celulele ies din ciclul celular \u0219i nu se mai divid ", "B. de sintez\u0103, \u00een care se produc proteinele histonice iar cromozomii \u00eencep s\u0103 se spiralizeze ", "C. premitotic\u0103 , \u00een care are loc sinteza enzimelor implicate \u00een replicarea ADN -ului ", "D. presintetic\u0103 , \u00een care are loc replicarea semiconservativ\u0103 a cromozomilor monocromatidici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii taxoni se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. specia este un grup de indivizi care se reproduc sexuat \u00eentre ei ", "B. ordinul include mai multe clase \u0219i reune\u0219te mai multe familii \u00eenrudite ", "C. genul este definit printr -un un cuv\u00e2nt \u00een limba latin\u0103 care \u00eencepe cu liter\u0103 mic\u0103 ", "D. clasa este o categorie inferioar\u0103 regnului \u0219i superioar\u0103 \u00eencreng\u0103turii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. japonezul X. Tazima a iradiat viermii de m\u0103tase provoc\u00e2nd apari\u021bia unor pete negre pe corpul masculilor ", "B. la gr\u00e2u, radia\u021biile neionizante au f\u0103cut posibil transferul segmentului de ADN care determin\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 ", "C. iradierea masculilor speci ei Calitroga homini -vorax a dus la sterilizarea acestei insecte d\u0103un\u0103toare ", "D. arborii de papaya ataca\u021bi de virusul PRVS au dezvoltat \u00een mod natural gena rezisten\u021bei la atacul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt dezoxiribovirusuri cele care provoac\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. variola ", "B. Ebola ", "C. gripa ", "D. turbarea " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Schimbul reciproc de material genetic poate avea loc \u00een cadrul :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. mai multor gene ", "2. diviziunii meiotice ", "3. unei singure gene ", "4. mai multor chiasme " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Indic a\u021bi organitele celulare care co n\u021bin enzime :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. mitocondriile ", "2. lizozomii ", "3. cloroplastele ", "4. dictiozomii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul ovogenezei:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. ovocitul primar are un num \u0103r de cromozomi identic cu al ovulului ", "2. ovocitul rezultat din cel primar are acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi cu globulu l polar ", "3. ovulul este o celul \u0103 haploid \u0103 rezultat \u0103 prin diviziune a mitotic \u0103 a ovocitului primar ", "4. globuli polari se formeaz \u0103 dup\u0103 ambele etape ale diviziunii meiotice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Vacuolele :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. elimin\u0103 unele de\u0219euri celulare ", "2. pot depozita substan\u021be toxice ", "3. asigur\u0103 homeostazia celular\u0103 ", "4. au rol \u00een absorb\u021bia apei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Reprezentan\u021bii genului :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Pleuroccocus au tal unicelular mobil ", "2. Pinularia domin\u0103 fitoplanctonul marin ", "3. Chlamydomonas au tal unicelular imobil ", "4. Chlorella au un perete celular celulozic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt protozoare parazite din tubul digestiv la om:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Naegleria fowleri ", "2. Entamoeba histolytica ", "3. Rhyzomucor parasiticus ", "4. Giardia intestinalis " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. \u00een cariotipul uman normal, grupa G cuprinde heterozomul Y, perechile 21 \u0219i 22 de autozomi, to\u021bi ", "2. la om autozomii de tip acrocentric au constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul p \u0219i prezint\u0103 satelit ", "3. la femelele \u0219i masculii de Drosophila cromozomii din perec hea I \u0219i perechea IV sunt identici ", "4. prin similitudinea benzilor cromozomilor se pot identifica, precis, cromozomii din aceea\u0219i pereche " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Citokineza:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. este o etap \u0103 a diviziunii materialului genetic ", "2. presupune apari\u021bia unui \u0219an\u021b de clivare \u00een mijlocul celulei animale ", "3. reprezint\u0103 diviziunea citoplasmei, nucleului \u0219i a organitelor celulare ", "4. presupune formarea unei pl\u0103ci de separare \u00een celulele vegetale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. S. Linn \u00een 1977 determin\u0103 secven\u021ba bazelor azotate ale genomului virusului \u00f8x174 ", "2. P. Berg \u00een 1972 a ob\u021binut primul ADN recombinat in vitro la eucariote ", "3. F. Sanger \u00een 1960 a descoperit enzimele de restric\u021bie \u00een bacteria E. coli ", "4. S. Cohen \u00een 1973 a inserat ADN \u00eentr -un plasmid bacterian cu ajutorul endonucleazelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Adenozintrifosfatul :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este o nucleotid\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bine adenin\u0103 ", "3. are trei radicali fosfat ", "4. are leg\u0103turi macroergice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Glicogenul este :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. un polizaharid al celulelor animale ", "2. este o form\u0103 de condensare a glucozei ", "3. material de rezerv\u0103 \u00een celulele fungilor ", "4. asem\u0103n\u0103tor chimic amidonului ciano bacteri ilor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Acizii gra\u015fi din organisme:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. pot fi satura\u0163i sau nesatura\u0163i ", "2. au o grupare carboxil hidrofob\u0103 ", "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea trigliceridelor ", "4. sunt 20 de tipuri de acizi gra\u015fi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "In alc \u0103tuirea lichenilor pot intra:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. clorofite ", "2. zigomicete ", "3. ciano bacterii ", "4. oomicete " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Interferonul:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este o substan\u021b\u0103 cu propriet \u0103\u021bi antivirale \u0219i antitumorale ", "2. poate fi produs de Escherichia coli \u00een urma unui transfer de gene umane ", "3. este sintetizat de celulele organismelor animale \u00een timpul infec\u021biilor virale ", "4. se poate ob\u021bine prin cultivarea \u201cin vitro \u201d a celulelor , pe medii adecvate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cenmul\u021birea sexuat\u0103 la fungi se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. izogametangiogamie la Zygomycota ", "2. somatogamie la Ascomycota ", "3. cistogamie la Zygomycota ", "4. heterogametangiogamie la Bazydiomycota " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen supradominan\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. 50 % dintre indivizii din F2 au fenotip heterozis ", "2. efectul genei dominante \u00een combina\u021bie heterozigot\u0103 se amplific\u0103 \u00een fenotip ", "3. raportul de segregare din a doua genera\u021bie este de 1 :2:1 ", "4. musculitele de o\u021bet heterozigote din F1 au ochi de un ro\u0219u mai intens dec\u00e2t p\u0103rintele homozigot " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Gena pentru somatotropin \u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. poate fi introdus \u0103 \u00een plasmidul pBR 322 ", "2. determin \u0103 sinteza unui hormon uman ", "3. poate fi manipulat\u0103 genetic cu bacteria E.coli ", "4. este o protein \u0103 alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 191 aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Miceliul fungilor poate fi format din hife :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. pluricelulare septate, ramificate \u0219i uninucleate, la Penicillium ", "2. unice, unicelulare neseptate, ramificate \u0219i plurinucleate la Rhizopus ", "3. \u00eempletite \u00een \u021besuturi false denumite plectenchimuri, la Psalliota ", "4. tubulare multinucleate, cu structur \u0103 cenocitic \u0103, la Mucor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen ascogon se formeaz\u0103 game\u021bii reprezentan\u021bilor genului:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Ustilago ", "2. Rhizopus ", "3. Puccinia ", "4. Peziza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ramalina farinacea:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. are un tal crustos de culoare alb\u0103 ", "2. este o specie de ciuperci inferioare ", "3. fixeaz\u0103 azotul atmosferic prin celulele hifelor ", "4. se reproduce frecvent pe cale vegetativ\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Form\u0103 sferic\u0103 are virusul:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. rabic (al turb\u0103rii) ", "2. stafilococic ", "3. mozaicului tutunului ", "4. imunodeficien\u021bei umane dob\u00e2ndite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Permea\u021bia poate reprez enta deplasarea moleculelor /ionilor printr -o membran\u0103 :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. \u00een mod pasiv, de la o concentra\u021bie mai mare spre o concentra\u021bie mai mic\u0103 ", "2. datorit\u0103 osmozei de la o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 spre o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 ", "3. cu consum de energie din ATP prin intermediul pompei de Na+ \u0219i K+ ", "4. prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 invers gradientului de concentra\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fagozomii:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. pot con\u021bine particule materiale mici ", "2. rezult\u0103 prin procesul de endocitoz\u0103 ", "3. pot s\u0103 fuzioneze cu un lizozom ", "4. sunt vezicule prezente \u00een leucocite " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen membrana celular\u0103 exist\u0103 \u201dpori\u201d care pot :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. fi permanent deschi\u0219i ", "2. apar\u021bi ne unor proteine func\u021bionale ", "3. ac\u021biona ca por\u021bi care se \u00eenchid/deschid ", "4. s\u0103 fie structuri func\u021bionale nefixate \u00eentr -un anumit loc " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Lignina:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este un produs al metabolismului secundar celular ", "2. se depune pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 a peretelui celular primar ", "3. poate da rezisten\u021b\u0103 fasciculelor libero -lemnoase ", "4. formeaz\u0103 m\u0103nunchiuri \u00eenglobate \u00eentr -o matrice organic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nucleosomii sunt:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. proteine histonic e cu segment de ADN \u00een interior ", "2. particule organice, func\u021bionale, ribonucleoproteice ", "3. structuri celulare, permanente, granular -fibrilare ", "4. conecta\u021bi \u00eentre ei prin secven\u021be scurte de ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Rujetul porcului spre deosebire de pesta porcin\u0103:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. apar\u021bine virozelor provocate de virusuri cu materialul genetic ADN ", "2. face parte dintre bacteriozele animalelor vertebrate ", "3. se trateaz\u0103 cu interferon produs de celulele animale ", "4. se poate combate, adesea, prin utilizarea antibioticelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. se transmit de la o genera\u021b ie la alta pe linie matern\u0103 ", "2. au rol \u00een convertirea energiei \u00een leg\u0103turi macroergice ", "3. sus\u021bin energetic diverse procese metabolice vitale ", "4. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune \u0219i \u00eenmugurire la bacterii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Materiale le biocompatibile", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. pot fi utilizate pentru a crea proteze \u0219i materiale de sprijin ", "2. se pot folosi pentru a \u00eenlocui p\u0103r\u021bi deficiente din corp ", "3. sunt utilizabile \u00een remedierea unor disfunc\u021bii ale organismului ", "4. sunt produse prin tehnici de biotehnologie \u0219i bioindustrie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Gene sintetizate artific ial pot fi utilizate \u00een ve derea producerii de:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. factor antihemofilic ", "2. plasminogen ", "3. eritropoietina ", "4. hormon de cre\u0219tere " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromatidele cromozomului metafazic:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt unite prin intermediul kinetocorilor ", "B. au ca unit\u0103\u021bi morfo -func\u021bionale bra\u021bele ", "C. fac schimb de gene \u00eentre ele, prin crossing -over ", "D. rezult\u0103 \u00een urma replic\u0103rii interfazice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre reticulul endoplasmatic se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. conecteaz\u0103 celulele vegetale prin intermediul plasmodesmelor ", "B. are pe traseu s\u0103u vezicule care formeaz\u0103 re\u021bele anastomozate ", "C. asigur\u0103 sus\u021binerea citoplasmei, deoarece con\u021bine microtubuli ", "D. poate fi neted sau granular \u00een structur a hematiilor adulte " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. au membrana intern\u0103 invaginat\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bin enzime implicate \u00een reac\u021bii anabolice glucidice ", "C. sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP prin reac\u021bia de fotoliz\u0103 ", "D. sunt prezente \u00een structura celulelor din frunze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fibra muscul ar\u0103 striat\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. este polinucleat\u0103 ca \u0219i celulele de la Pleurococcus sp. ", "B. con\u021bine un reticul dezvoltat \u0219i este lipsit\u0103 de mitocondrii ", "C. se contract\u0103 datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei actinei \u0219i miozinei ", "D. are, de regul\u0103, dimensiuni de ordin microscopic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Stentor sp. :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este un ciliat lipsit de vacuol\u0103 contractil\u0103 ", "B. este un zoomastigin din grupul coanoflagelatelor ", "C. se hr\u0103ne\u0219te printr -o zon\u0103 special\u0103 numit\u0103 citoproct ", "D. tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een mediul acvatic, fixat printr -un peduncul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "ADN -ul nuclear ca \u0219i cel mitocondrial:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. este copiat de ARN m care v a fi decodificat \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine mai multe gene care codific\u0103 proteine structurale ", "C. acumuleaz\u0103 erori cu aceea\u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103, \u00een cazul mamiferelor ", "D. prezint\u0103 zone decondensate de eucromatin\u0103, dar \u0219i condensate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul unui b\u0103rbat pot exista:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. 25 crom ozomi metacentrici \u2013 sindrom Klinefelter ", "B. 1 cromozom metacentric suplimentar \u2013 sindrom Edwards ", "C. 2 cromozomi submetacentrici mari incomple\u021bi \u2013 sindrom cri du chat ", "D. 12 cromozomi de tip acrocentric \u2013 sindromul Down " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma interac\u021biunii dintre ADN nuclear cu cel mitocondrial \u0219i cu cel cloroplastidial pot s\u0103 apar\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. plante masculine sterile \u2013 androsterilitate ", "B. indivizi cu frunze mozaicate la Polytrichum commune ", "C. organisme cu deficien\u021be respiratorii la drojdii ", "D. mai multe cloroplaste la alga Chlamydomonas " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Maladiile metabolice, de exemplu:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. maladia Tay -Sachs apare \u00een urma unei deficien\u021be enzimatice determinate genic ", "B. atransferinemia congenital\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een acumularea fierului \u00een epiteliul intestinal ", "C. albinismul este caracterizat prin absen\u021ba melaninei din piele, mucoase, o chi ", "D. hipercolesterolemia const\u0103 afectarea unor gene din structura heterozomilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen ingineria genetic\u0103 se pot folosi:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. endonucleazele de restric\u021bie care pot suda fragmente de ADN ", "B. reverstranscriptaza pentru sinteza ADN folosind ARN m ca matri\u021b\u0103 ", "C. plasmide virale care vor transmite gena de interes \u00een celule bacteriene ", "D. transpozoni folosi\u021bi pentru hibridarea somatic\u0103 a protopla\u0219tilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Virusurile \u0219i viroizii:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. pot determina boli la plante \u0219i animale ", "B. sunt particule infec\u021bioase acelulare ", "C. con\u021bin acid ribonucleic liniar sau circular ", "D. determin\u0103 forma de fus a tuberculilor de cartof " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacteriile:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. chimiosintetizante ob\u021bin energie din reducerea unor substan\u021be anorganice ", "B. simbionte fluorescente pot tr\u0103i \u00een ochii pe\u0219tilor care vie\u021buiesc \u00een apele abisale ", "C. patogene pot provoca boli grave la animale, de exemplu sifilisul, r\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 ", "D. cromogene sunt eubacterii care produc pigmen\u021bi galbeni neasimilatori " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele protiste sunt patogene:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Physarium - mixomicet care \u00een condi\u021bii neprielnice produce spori ", "B. Saprolegnia - gen de oomicete acv atice cu reprezentan\u021bi majoritar parazi\u021bi ", "C. Phytophora infestans - specie oomicet\u0103 care produce mana cartofului ", "D. Trypanosoma gambiense \u2013 specie transmis\u0103 prin \u00een\u021bep\u0103tura \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Organismele din regnul Fungi se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. sciziparitate la unele ascomicete, de exemplu cele unicelulare ", "B. heterogamentangiogamie, \u00een cazul zigomicetului Rhizopus nigricans ", "C. somatogamie \u00een care se contopesc dou\u0103 celule vegetative sexuale ", "D. cistogamie prin care celulele care fuzioneaz\u0103 pot fi egale sau inegale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul liche nilor:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. talul poate fi crustos, la lichenul corticol Rhizocarpon geograficum ", "B. \u00eenmul\u021birea sexuat\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin muguri numi\u021bi izidii \u0219i soredii ", "C. hifele cortexului pot forma rizine care contribuie la degradarea rocilor ", "D. polizaharidul de rezerv\u0103 specific for meaz\u0103 prin hidroliz\u0103 fructoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Rhizobium leguminosarum spre deosebire de Nostoc commune :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine material genetic reprezentat de un nucleoid ", "B. utilizeaz\u0103 energia solar\u0103 \u00een procesul de nutri\u021bie ", "C. con\u021bine ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 \u00een structura celulei ", "D. este endosimbiont\u0103 \u00een nodozit\u0103\u021bile r\u0103d\u0103cinilor unor plante " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cystoseira barbata ca \u0219i Laminaria saccharina prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. agar -agar \u00een compozi\u021bia peretelui celular ", "B. cromatofori cu fucoxantin\u0103 \u0219i clorofila c ", "C. acela\u0219i tip de nutri\u021bie ca \u0219i Paramoecium sp. ", "D. dioxid de sili ciu \u00een membrana plasmatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt dizaharide:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. galactoza \u0219i glucoza ", "B. maltoza \u0219i zaharoza ", "C. fructoza \u0219i celuloza ", "D. chitina \u0219i zaharoza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Este o afirma\u021bie gre\u0219it\u0103 referitoare la enzime aceea c\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. influen\u021beaz\u0103 sensul \u0219i viteza reac\u021biilor biochimice ", "B. sunt molecule organ ice de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 ", "C. structura lor este determinat\u0103 de informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 din ADN ", "D. enzimele din lizozomi pot descompune proteinele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Un b\u0103rbat care sufer\u0103 de o maladie ereditar\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u0219te cu o femeie s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 familie sunt 8 copii: 4 fete care au aceea\u0219i boal\u0103 ca \u0219i tat\u0103l \u0219i 4 b\u0103ie\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. Modul de transmitere al maladiei este:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. X lincat recesiv, numai de la mam\u0103 ", "B. Y lincat recesiv ", "C. X lincat recesiv, numai de la tat\u0103 ", "D. X lincat dominant, numai de la tat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Succesiunea complet\u0103 a formelor prin care a trecut un virus care s -a multiplicat \u00eentr -o celul\u0103, este:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. virion - virus vegetativ \u2013 provirus \u2013 virus vegetativ - virion ", "B. virion - provirus - virus vegetativ \u2013 virion ", "C. virus vegetativ \u2013 provirus - virus infec\u021bios matur ", "D. virus infec\u021bios matur \u2013 provirus - virus vegetativ - virion " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza G1 a ciclului celular, asem\u0103n\u0103tor fazei G2:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. are loc sinteza mai multor tipuri de acizi rib onucleici ", "B. sunt sintetizate proteine necesare fusului de diviziune ", "C. cromozomii monocromatidici sunt decondensa\u021bi la maxim ", "D. celulele se afl\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 de repaus " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Spermatogeneza difer\u0103 de ovogenez\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspecte:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin dou\u0103 mitoze consecutive ", "B. dup\u0103 a doua diviziune cromozomii sunt bicromatidici ", "C. se porne\u0219te de la o celul\u0103 germinativ\u0103 diploid\u0103 ", "D. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul procesului se formeaz\u0103 patru game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o familie p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, fiica este bolnav\u0103 de fenilcetonurie, iar fiul este s\u0103n\u0103tos. Probabilitatea ca b\u0103iatul s\u0103 fie purt\u0103tor s\u0103n\u0103tos al genei pentru fenilcetonurie este:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. 3/4 ", "B. 1/2 ", "C. 1/3 ", "D. 1/4 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Heteroproteinele de la animale:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. pot fi reprezentate de lactalbumin\u0103 ", "B. intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia unghiilor \u0219i penelor ", "C. au rol predominant energetic \u00een ce lule ", "D. con\u021bin \u0219i componente neproteice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Indivizii cu sindromul \u201d dublu mascul \u201d spre deosebire de cei cu sindromul Klinefelter prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. coeficient de inteligen\u021b\u0103 normal , sterilitate ", "B. intelect sub normal, comportament agresiv ", "C. azoospermie , fa\u021b\u0103 cu aspect b\u0103tr\u00e2nicios ", "D. ginecomastie, anomalii scheletice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la cromozomii umani, este adev\u0103rat\u0103 varianta:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. cromozomii din grupa B sunt metacentrici \u015fi cuprind perechile 4 \u015fi 5 ", "B. cromozomii din grupa D sunt acrocentrici \u015fi nu prezint\u0103 sateli\u0163i ", "C. autozomii de tip acrocentric au constric\u0163ia secundar\u0103 pe bra\u0163ul q ", "D. cromozomul Y este \u00eentr -o grup\u0103 cu cromozomi mici care au satelit " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt protiste cu caractere de fungi:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Collema care are talul gelatinos \u0219i con\u021bine chitin\u0103 \u00een peretele celular ", "B. Saprolegnia , organism unicelular adaptat mediului acvatic ", "C. Lycoperdon cu spori elibera\u0163i printr -un por al talului ", "D. Perenospora destructor , organism ce produce albumeala cepei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Maladii metabolice autozomale sunt:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. atransferinemia congenital\u0103 \u2013acumul\u0103ri de fier \u00een epiteliul intestinal ", "B. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 - concentra\u021bii mari de trigliceride \u00een mediul intern ", "C. guta - precipitarea \u00een articula\u0163ii a produ\u0219ilor metabolismului glucidic ", "D. talasemia major\u0103 \u2013 hemoglobin\u0103 cu lan\u021b \u03b2 mai scurt dec\u00e2t cel normal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sindromul Down:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit cu o frecven\u0163\u0103 de 1/15000 din nou n\u0103scu\u0163i ", "B. determin\u0103 anomalii cardiace \u015fi digestive, malforma\u0163ii ale laringelui, \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103 ", "C. se diagnosticheaz\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 efectuat\u0103 \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nile 24 -28 de sarcin\u0103 ", "D. este o trisomie \u00een care \u00een 24% din cazuri, al treile a cromozom provine de la tat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen anafaza I ca \u0219i \u00een profaza II:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. cromozomii bicromatidici pot fi par\u021bial despiraliza\u021bi ", "2. filamentele kinetocorale ale fusului se scurteaz\u0103 ", "3. cromozomii po t s\u0103 fie situa\u021bi \u00een matrixul citoplasmatic ", "4. cantitatea de material genetic este dubl\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de profaza I " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Peretele celular:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. secundar \u2013 poate con\u021bine lignin\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din metabolism ", "2. primar - este \u00een contact cu pectinele lamelei mijlocii ", "3. la fungi - con\u021bine ergosterol \u0219i polizaharidul chitin\u0103 ", "4. bacterian - este prezent \u00een structura tuturor procariotelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Membrana intern\u0103 mitocondrial\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. delimiteaz\u0103 compartimentele intermembranar \u0219i matriceal ", "2. con\u021bine oxizomi - structuri enzimatice implicate \u00een lan\u021bul respirator ", "3. este \u00eenalt impermeabil\u0103 \u0219i de zece ori mai mare fa\u021b\u0103 de cea extern\u0103 ", "4. se invagineaz\u0103 form\u00e2nd criste cu form\u0103 de tubuli sau lamele " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Plasmodesmele:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. sunt canale cilindrice intercelulare, m\u0103rginite de plasmalem\u0103 ", "2. permit difuzia apei \u00eentre citoplasmele celulelor \u00eenvecinate ", "3. traverseaz\u0103 punctua\u021biunile pere\u021bilor celulari la plante ", "4. asigur\u0103 transportul activ bidirec\u021bional \u00eentre celule al\u0103turate Page 5 of 10 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pentru realizarea recombin\u0103rii genetice intercromozomale:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. cromozomii omologi sinapseaz\u0103 pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor ", "2. se separ\u0103 cromatidele surori dintr -un bivalent ", "3. \u00eentre macromoleculele de ADN se stabilesc chiasme ", "4. bivalen\u021bii se orienteaz\u0103 aleator \u00een p laca ecuatorial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Infuzorii:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. au macronuclei cu rol \u00een procesul de conjugare ", "2. pot avea ca endosimbion\u021bi alge verzi ", "3. sunt protiste ciliate asem\u0103n\u0103toare plantelor ", "4. tr\u0103iesc \u00een ape marine sau dulci, st\u0103t\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Speciile din filum Ascomycota spre deosebire de cele din filum Bazidiomycota :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. sunt mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u0219i mai numeroase ", "2. pot produce exospori \u00een urma \u00eenmul\u021birii sexuate ", "3. au reprezentan\u021bi care se \u00eenmul\u021besc prin \u00eenmugurire ", "4. pot fi implicate \u00een simbioze de tipul micorizelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Rhyzocarpon geographicum se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. sinteza substan\u021belor organice din CO 2, N2 \u0219i ap\u0103 ", "2. acela\u0219i tip de tal ca \u0219i Lobaria pulmonata ", "3. hife care contribuie la formarea solulu i ", "4. dispozi\u021bia componentei autotrofe \u00een tot talul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Factorul de fertilitate:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een citoplasma celulelor bacteriene F+ ", "2. se replic\u0103 \u00een citoplasm\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", "3. se transfer\u0103 de la o bacterie la alta \u00een timpul conjug\u0103rii ", "4. este ancorat de plasmalem\u0103 prin intermediul mezozomului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "G\u0103se\u0219te asocierile corecte cu privire la componentele protoplasmatice ale celulei eucariote:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. citoschelet \u2013 dou\u0103 tipuri de prote ine globulare numite tubuline ", "2. centr ozomul \u2013 are rol \u00een biogeneza fusului de diviziune \u0219i a citoscheletului ", "3. plastidomul \u2013 se mo\u0219tene\u0219te pe linie matern\u0103 \u0219i se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", "4. incluziuni ergastice \u2013 cele de de tip lipidic se coloreaz\u0103 cu Sudan III " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Eucromatina spre deosebire de heterocromatin\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. se poate observa doar \u00een celula care s e divide ", "2. este slab spiralizat\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea telomerelor ", "4. corespunde ADN -ului accesibil copierii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. anvelopa nuclear\u0103 se leag\u0103 direct de reticulul endoplasmatic granular ", "2. porii nucleari asigur\u0103 trecerea ARN m \u00een lumenul reticulului endoplasmatic ", "3. \u00een zona granular\u0103 a nucleolilor are loc asamblarea par\u021bial\u0103 a ribozomilor ", "4. nucleosomii sunt conecta\u021bi \u00eentre ei prin secven\u021be de scurte ARN " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen mitoza unei celule somatice de Allium cepa :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. num\u0103rul de cromozomi \u00een profaz\u0103 este jum\u0103tate fa\u021b\u0103 de anafaz\u0103 ", "2. prin tratarea cu colchicin\u0103 se va ob\u021bine o celul\u0103 poliploid\u0103 ", "3. \u00een anafaz\u0103 sunt 32 de kinetocori ata\u0219a\u021bi de fibre ale fusului de diviziune ", "4. citochineza are loc prin formarea \u0219an\u021bului de clivare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Proteinele transmembranare din membrana plasmatic\u0103 a eucariotelor:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. formeaz\u0103 canale ionice care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consum de ATP ", "2. pot transmite informa\u021bii sau semnale spre interiorul celulei ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 difuzia facilitat\u0103 \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bi e ", "4. men\u021bin concentra\u021biile intracelulare ale ionilor de Na+ \u0219i de K+ " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacillus subtilis ca \u0219i de Euglena viridis prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. membran\u0103 plasmatic\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", "2. forme de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la condi\u021bii nefavorabile ", "3. ADN dublu catenar cu rol de material genetic ", "4. curen\u021bi citoplasmatici \u0219i vacuol\u0103 pulsatil\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Caracterele comune algelor ro\u015fii \u015fi brune sunt:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. reproducerea asexuata prin spori imobili \u015fi sexuat\u0103 prin oogamie ", "2. prezen\u0163a pigmen\u0163ilor asimilatori , ce le ofer\u0103 capacitate de fotosintez\u0103 ", "3. o substan\u0163\u0103 din grupa taninurilor \u015fi pic\u0103turi de ulei, ca produ\u015fi de asimila\u0163ie ", "4. mediul de via\u021b\u0103 acvatic \u0219i taluri pluricelulare, macroscopice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt protiste parazite \u00een corpul uman:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Clostridium b otulinum determin\u0103 botulismul, o toxiinfec\u021bie alimentar\u0103 letal\u0103. ", "2. Trypanosoma gambiense care poate fi prezent\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i \u00een lichidul cefalorahidian ", "3. Giardia intestinalis se fixeaz\u0103 pe mucoasa intestinal\u0103 cu ajutorul unei ventuze dorsale ", "4. Entamoeba histolytica este un protozoar care paraziteaz\u0103 ficatul, intestinul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt caractere umane poligenice:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. pigmenta\u0163ia pielii ", "2. talia ", "3. inteligen\u0163a ", "4. grupele sanguine ABO " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sfatul gene tic, privind riscul de a avea un copil cu o boal\u0103 ereditar\u0103, este necesar \u00een cazul famili ei \u00een care:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. bunicul matern sufer\u0103 de o form\u0103 de hemofilie ", "2. p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, dar au un copil cu tuberculoz\u0103 ", "3. mama a fost expus\u0103 la un factor teratogen ", "4. unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi este afectat de o muta\u021bie somatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Abateri de la rapoartele de segregare mendeliene dup\u0103 fenotip apar \u00een urma \u00eencruci\u0219\u0103rii :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. plantelor cu flori roz de Antirrhinum majus ", "2. \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 ", "3. hibrizilor cu boabe violet de Zea mays ", "4. plantelor de Mirabilis jalapa cu frunze variegate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la organitele fotosintetizante sunt adev\u0103rate a firma\u0163iile:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. au toate elementele necesare absorb\u0163iei luminii \u015fi transferului de electroni ", "2. prezint\u0103 membrane permeabile pentru O 2, CO 2 \u015fi impermeabile pentru glucoz\u0103 ", "3. con\u021bin ADN plastidial de form\u0103 circular\u0103 \u015fi cu transmitere matroclin\u0103 ", "4. la alge le ro\u0219ii cromatoforii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u0219i au dimensiuni mari " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre aparatul Golgi se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. este situat aproape de membrana plasmatic\u0103 ", "2. produce mucilagii \u00een celulele plantelor carnivore ", "3. d\u0103 na\u0219tere unor vezicule care pot fuzion a cu reticulul neted ", "4. are rol \u00een biosinteza peretelui celular \u0219i a vacuolelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Genele mutante \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een popula\u021bia uman\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 rahitismul rezistent la vitamina D, boal\u0103 auto zomal\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", "2. sunt cauza cretinismului gu\u0219ogen, \u00een care tiroxina nu poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00een tirozin\u0103 ", "3. \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc fondul de gene al popula\u0163iei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 modifice variabilitatea acesteia ", "4. au o frecven\u021b\u0103 care poate fi determinat\u0103 prin metode matematice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Factorii mutageni chimici pot fi:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. analogii bazelor azotate, ce determin\u0103 tranzi\u021bii bidirec\u0163ionale \u00een timpul replic\u0103rii ADN ", "2. acidul nitros \u015fi colchicina determin\u0103 modificarea bazelor azotate prin dezaminare ", "3. iperita \u0219i dietilsulfatul, care p ot determina erori de replicare ale acizilor nucleici ", "4. radia\u0163iile ionizante \u015fi neionizante, care pot determina fragment\u0103ri ale cromatidelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La hibridarea \u00eentre o femel\u0103 \u0219i un mascul de D. melanogaster cu antene lungi \u0219i aripi lungi, ambii dublu heterozigo\u021bi, se poate ob\u021bine:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. 50% descenden\u021bi cu fenotip \u0219i genotip identice cu p\u0103rin\u021bii ", "2. musculi\u021be cu fenotip Dr \u0219i fenotip rD, \u00een acela\u0219i procent ", "3. un raport de segregare dup\u0103 genotip de 1:2:1 ", "4. un raport de segregare mendelian dup\u0103 fenotip " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ribozomii dintr -o celul\u0103 eucariot\u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea corpilor tigroizi ", "2. sunt to\u021bi de aceea\u0219i dimensiune ", "3. con\u021bin un tip de acid nucleic cu uracil ", "4. se grupeaz\u0103 \u00een polizomi circulari " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Un b\u0103rbat care prezint\u0103 grupa sanguin\u0103 B III, lobul urechii ata\u015fat \u015fi strung \u0103rea\u0163\u0103, se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u015fte cu o femeie ce prezint\u0103 grupa de s\u00e2nge AB IV, lobul urechii liber, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u021b\u0103. Tat\u0103l femeii are lobul urechii ata\u015fat. Mama b\u0103rbatului nu are strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103, are grupa sanguin\u0103 O (I). Alege\u0163i varianta posibil\u0103 referitoare la copi ii familiei:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. copii cu grupa A(II), lobul urechii ata\u015fat, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 25% ", "2. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa B(III) \u015fi lobul urechii ata\u015fat \u2013 probabilitate 25% ", "3. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa AB(IV), lobul urechii liber, f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 12,5% ", "4. copii ce prezint\u0103 grupa A(II), f\u0103r\u0103 strung\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 \u2013 probabilitate 12,5% " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o ferm\u0103 sunt crescute: 50 de vaci, 20 de p\u0103uni, 60 de porci, 22 de oi \u015fi 100 de ra\u021be. \u021ain\u00e2nd cont de faptul c\u0103 raportul dintre sexe este de 1:1 \u00een cazul p\u0103s\u0103ri lor, iar la mamifere exist\u0103 un singur mascul \u00een fiecare grup, alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. femele heterogametice 60, masculi 63 ", "2. femele 126, masculi 126 ", "3. femele homogametice 129, masculi homogametici 60 ", "4. femele heterogametice 60, masculi heterogametici 60 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Un profag poate:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. s\u0103 fie implicat \u00een transferul de gene prin procesul de transduc\u021bie ", "2. s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 pentru sinteza toxinei difterice ", "3. s\u0103 se multiplice simultan cu celula gazd\u0103 \u00een cadrul ciclului lizogen ", "4. s\u0103 fie o form\u0103 de existen\u021b\u0103 a unui virus \u00ee n celulele eucariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "G\u0103si\u021bi asocierile corecte:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. celule binucleate \u2013 Giardia sp. ", "2. celule enucleate \u2013 hematii adulte ", "3. celule uninucleate \u2013 Amoeba proteus ", "4. plasmodiu \u2013 Nostoc commune " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic neted:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 continuitate cu membrana nuclear\u0103 intern\u0103 ", "B. se \u00eentinde \u00eentre membrana nuclear\u0103 \u0219i cea celular\u0103 av\u00e2nd ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi ", "C. este implicat \u00een sinteza de proteine a celulei a celulei ", "D. are rol \u00een detoxifierea celulei prin degradarea unor substan\u021be nocive " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pe harta genetic\u0103 a cromozomului II la Drosophila melanogaster , pozi\u021bia 104,5 , \u00een raport cu gena care codific\u0103 lungimea antenelor , reprezint\u0103 locusul genei pentru:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. ochi purpurii ", "B. antene scurte ", "C. ochi maro ", "D. aripi curbate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre Escherichia coli putem spune c\u0103 :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine un materialul nuclear difuz \u00eenconjurat de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 de tip procariot ", "B. are perete celular format din lipoprotein e, lipopolizaharide \u0219i substan\u021b e specifice ", "C. prezint\u0103 o rganite comune ca: ribozomi, vacuole, corpusculi clorofilieni, dictiozomi ", "D. are metabolism intens datorit\u0103 valorii sc\u0103zute a raportului dintre suprafa\u021ba \u0219i volumul celulei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mitocondria:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. este plasat\u0103 \u00een totdeauna l\u00e2ng\u0103 nucleu \u0219i prezint\u0103 o varietate redus\u0103 de forme ", "B. are rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103, fiind central a energetic \u0103 a tuturor celulelor ", "C. se multiplic\u0103 dependent de nucleu prin fragmentare, diviziune sau \u00eenmugurire ", "D. con\u021bine enzime capabile s\u0103 realizeze fosforilarea adenozindifosfatului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre num\u0103rul de cromozomi al diferitelor specii :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. celula de secar\u0103 are num\u0103r de cromozomi super ior celulei de cartof ", "B. \u00een celulele reproduc\u0103toare ale oi\u021bei Dolly se afl\u0103 un num\u0103r de 27 de cromozomi ", "C. nucleii celulelor la \u0219oareci \u0219i ceap\u0103 prezint\u0103 acela\u0219i num\u0103r de cromozomi ", "D. cariotipul \u00een cazul c\u00e2inelui este format din 26 de perechi de autozomi \u0219i 2 heter ozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asem\u0103narea dintre spermatogenez\u0103 \u0219i ovogenez\u0103:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. la c\u00e2ini s unt ini\u021biate la nivelul unei celule mam\u0103 diploid\u0103 cu 2n = 78 de cromozomi ", "B. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea aceluia\u0219i num\u0103r de celule gametice ", "C. celulele rezultate dup\u0103 prima diviziune meiotic\u0103 au aproximativ aceia\u0219i dimensiune ", "D. parcurg acela\u0219i num\u0103r de diviziuni \u0219i prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i tipuri de organite \u00een celulele formate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi mu ta\u021bia util\u0103 indus\u0103 artificial :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sterilizarea viermelui Callitrogena homini \u2013vorax care paraziteaz\u0103 intestinul animalelor domestice ", "B. ob\u021binerea de mutante Penicillium care produc 60 grame de penicilin\u0103/l de mediu de cultur\u0103 ", "C. izolarea genei pentru rezist en\u021ba la r ugin\u0103 de la Aegilops umbellulata \u0219i transferul acesteia la Triticum aestivum ", "D. ob\u021binerea ou\u0103 lor de culo are neagr\u0103 la Bombyx mori , ou\u0103 din care rezult\u0103 masculi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Spermatozoidul prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. patru componente: capul, piesa intermediar\u0103, g\u00e2tul \u0219i flagelul ", "B. un flagel format dintr -o membran\u0103, o teac\u0103 \u0219i o axonem\u0103 ", "C. citoplasm\u0103 \u00een cantitate mic\u0103 \u0219i m itocondrii numeroase \u00een jurul nucleului ", "D. un nucleu mare numit acrozom cu un num\u0103r haploid de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Descoper\u0103 afirma\u021bia ERONAT\u0102 despre cloroplaste:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. sunt plastid e fotosintetizatoare \u0219i a u fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl ", "B. au forme variate la plantele superioare \u0219i dimensiuni reduse la alge ", "C. con\u021bine o macromolecul\u0103 de ADN dublu catenar\u0103 de tip procariot ", "D. membra na lor este permeabil\u0103 pentru O 2 , CO 2, fier, magneziu, glucoz \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Androgeneza , experimental determin\u0103 ob\u021binerea de:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. linii pure izogene ", "B. plante haploide fertile ", "C. plante diploide sterile ", "D. gr\u0103uncioare de polen " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleosomul este:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. alc\u0103tuit din particule ribonucleoproteice ", "B. o unitate repetitiv\u0103 vizibil\u0103 electronomicroscopic ", "C. forma sub care apare \u201enucleul\u201d bacterian ", "D. structura \u00een care se produc ribozomii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prognatismul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. se manifest\u0103 predominant la sexul masculin ", "B. este determinat de o gen\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", "C. este un caracter ereditar autozomal - recesiv ", "D. indivizii afecta\u021bi sunt exclusiv homozigo\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Oxibiontele:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. sunt adaptate la condi\u021bii de anoxie ", "B. pot exista datorit\u0103 fenomenului de fotosintez\u0103 ", "C. sunt doar organism e fotosintetizante ", "D. con\u021bin \u00een celulele lor mitocondrii nefunc\u021bionale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "O specie cu 2n = 6 cromozomi poate genera :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. 16 tipuri de descenden\u021bi ", "B. 6 tipuri de game\u021bi ", "C. 4n tipuri de descenden\u021bi ", "D. 3 tipuri de game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Procesul de crossing -over:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. este o recombinare genetic \u0103 intercromozomial\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 meiozei ", "B. are loc \u00eentre cromatidele surori ale cromozomilor neomologi ", "C. este un proce s de rupere \u2013 reunire de segmente \u00eentre cromozomi omologi ", "D. se explic\u0103 prin segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de caractere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Glucoza spre deosebire de fructoz\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este un monozaharid ", "B. reprezint\u0103 o hexoz\u0103 ", "C. are propriet\u0103\u021bi diferite ", "D. este o molecul\u0103 organic \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "O nucleotid\u0103 din ARN spre deosebire de cea din ATP poate con\u021bine:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. guanin\u0103 ca baz\u0103 purinic\u0103 ", "B. trei radicali fosfat ", "C. riboza ca pentoz\u0103 ", "D. timin\u0103 ca baz\u0103 pirimidinic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "O celul\u0103 animal \u0103 plasat\u0103 \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103 va fi supus\u0103 urm\u0103toarelor procese:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. pierderea apei prin osmoz\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103derea \u00een volum prin deshidratare ", "B. desprinderea membranei de peretele celular prin plamoliz\u0103 ", "C. cre\u0219terea \u00een volum \u0219i chiar spargerea acesteia prin citoliz\u0103 ", "D. cre\u0219terea presiunii exercitate asupra peretelui celular prin turgescen\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de amitoz\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. cariokineza precede citokineza ", "B. are loc condensarea cromozomilor ", "C. cariokineza succede citokineza ", "D. nucleul \u0219i citoplasma se divid simultan " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ADN -ul mitocondrial uman este:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. format din 16569 de nucleotide ", "B. reprezentat de o molecul\u0103 de ADN monocatenar circular ", "C. format din 33138 de nucleotide ", "D. alc\u0103tuit din regiuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre exemplele de substan\u021be organice din aceia\u0219i categorie \u0219i caracteristicile structural -func\u021bionale ale organitelor la nivelul c\u0103rora pot fi sintetizate :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. gluteine, celuloz\u0103 \u2013 cisterne aplatizate care genereaz\u0103 vacuole \u0219i lizozomi ", "B. suberin\u0103, steroizi \u2013 sistem canalicular periferic, cu rol detoxifiant ", "C. pectine, cheratin\u0103 \u2013 corpusculi ribonucleoproteici lipsi\u021bi de membran\u0103 proprie ", "D. chitin\u0103, actin\u0103 \u2013 re\u021bea de citomembrane ata\u0219at\u0103 \u00eenveli\u0219ului nuclear " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Constituien\u021bii neprotoplasmatici din categoria \u00ee nveli\u0219urile celul are prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toare a caracteristic \u0103 structural \u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 pori, de tipul plasmodesmelor, care asigur\u0103 tran sportul intercelular ", "B. cuprinde un matrix format din microfibrile celulozice la plante \u0219i din chitin\u0103 la ciuperci ", "C. asigur\u0103 forma, individualitat ea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba celulelor prin substan\u021be incrustante ", "D. con\u021bine \u00een mod specific acizi \u2013 mureinic, diaminopimelic, teicoici \u2013 la procariote " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma unei retro\u00eencruci\u0219\u0103ri au rezultat dou\u0103 genotipuri identice cu ale genitorilor, fiecare cu frecven\u021ba de 30% \u0219i dou\u0103 genotipuri noi, fiecare \u00een propor\u021bie de 20%. Pe harta genetic\u0103, distan\u021ba dintre genele urm\u0103rite \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 este de:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. 30 ", "B. 20 ", "C. 60 ", "D. 40 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen macromoleculele de ARN, comparativ cu cea de ADN:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. nu se pot forma leg\u0103turi de hidrogen \u00eentre nucleotide complementare ", "B. prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i tipuri de baze azotate pirimidinice \u00een structura nucleotidelor ", "C. se formeaz\u0103 complexe glucido -fosforice diferite \u00eentre nucleotidele succesive ", "D. baza azotat\u0103 \u2013 timina \u00eenlocuie\u0219te uracilul \u00een structura unor nucleotide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sinteza artificial\u0103 a genei pentru producerea in sulinei pe baza ADNc presupune:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. extragerea \u0219i izolarea g enei de interes din celulele ex ocrine pancreatice ", "B. sinteza ADNc pe baza ARNm extras din celulele \u03b1 ale insulelor Langerhans ", "C. clonarea genelor ob\u021binute prin sec\u021bionare cu enzime de restric\u021bie ", "D. sinteza secven\u021bei de exoni ADN pe baza ARN m \u00een prezen\u021ba reverstranscriptazei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Citoza:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. este un fenomen inexistent la procariote ", "B. se nume\u0219te pinocitoz\u0103 c\u00e2nd sunt \u00eenglobate particule solide ", "C. se nume\u0219te fagocitoz\u0103 c\u00e2nd sunt \u00eenglobate solu\u021bii ", "D. semnific\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna intrarea unor microorganisme \u00een celul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u201eM\u0103tur\u0103torii celulei\u201d prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracte ristici structural -func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 un \u00eenveli\u0219 membranar glicoproteic, ca \u0219i dictiozomii \u0219i vacuolele ", "B. realizeaz\u0103 procese de autofagie cu ajutorul hidrolazelor sintetizate \u00een reticulul endoplasmatic neted ", "C. sunt genera\u021bi de c\u0103tre dictiozomi \u0219i prin fuzionarea cu vezicule fagocitice pot asi gura imunitate prin heterofagie ", "D. particip\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu reticul ul endoplasmatic rugos la detoxifierea celulei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Lamela mijlocie :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. este caracteristic\u0103 celulelor vegetale \u0219i animale ", "B. separ\u0103 celulele fiice \u00een timpul cariokinezei ", "C. se interpune \u00eentre pere\u021bii celulari ciment\u00e2ndu -i ", "D. este o structur\u0103 intracelular\u0103 de natur\u0103 pectic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Printre cele \u0219apte caractere urm\u0103rite de Mendel la maz\u0103re sunt:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. forma \u0219i culoarea florilor ", "B. pozi\u021bia \u0219i talia florilor ", "C. forma \u0219i culoarea p\u0103st\u0103ilor ", "D. talia \u0219i culoarea tulpinilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mutante pentru dou\u0103 caractere ale musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet pot fi:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. tetraptere \u0219i ey eless ", "B. eyeless \u0219i corp ul de culoare gri ", "C. aripi lungi \u0219i ochi reniformi ", "D. ochi rotunzi \u0219i aripi curly " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ADN -ul mitocondrial este responsabil de:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. producerea de paramecin\u0103 \u00een cazul tipului rezistent de la Paramoecium aurelia ", "2. apari\u021bia m utante i albino la ciuperca Neurospora crassa ", "3. predominan\u021ba \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 a sexului feminin la Drosophila melanogaster ", "4. manifestarea neuropatiei optice Leber ce determin\u0103 degenerarea nervului optic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta/ variantele corect \u0103/e:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. la unele specii de Protenor bleifragei femele le prezint\u0103 doar un heterozom X ", "2. apari\u021bia muta\u021biei letale de tip albino la Cardaria draba din cauza polu\u0103rii solului ", "3. Nicotiana tabacum reprezint\u0103 o specie autopoliploid\u0103 ob\u021binut\u0103 spontan ", "4. botanistul Sprenger a descoperit muta\u021bia cu frunze laciniate la Chelidonium majus " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Supradominan\u021b a implic\u0103 urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. apari\u021bia fenomenului heterozis \u00een cazul hibrizilor din prima genera\u021bie ", "2. segregare g enotipic\u0103 \u00een raport de 1:2:1 a indivizilor din genera\u021bia a doua ", "3. cre\u0219terea taliei, vigurozit\u0103\u021bii, fertilit\u0103\u021bii indivizilor din F1 fa\u021b\u0103 de genitori ", "4. prezen\u021ba unui heterozis care poate fi somatic, reproductiv sau adaptativ " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/ afirma\u021biile corect \u0103/e:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. proteinele receptori catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021biile chimice din celula eucariot\u0103 ", "2. proteinele structurale controleaz\u0103 func\u021biile organismului ", "3. imunog lobulinele sunt antigene care influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea anumitor celule ", "4. proteinele enzime controleaz\u0103 viteza reac\u021biilor metabolice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre gametul feminin putem afirma:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. este numit oosfer\u0103 la Mus minutoides minutoides ", "2. de\u021bine mobilitate proprie , similar celui masculin ", "3. este reprezent at de ovul pentru Humulus lupulus ", "4. prezint\u0103 \u00een nucleu un set haploid de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt caractere manifestate doar \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. culoarea penajului \u00een cazul g\u0103inilor de Andaluzia ", "2. vocea baritonilor \u0219i a mezzo sopranelor ", "3. o maladie caracterizat\u0103 prin hematii cu form\u0103 de secer\u0103 ", "4. culoarea verde a ochilor la om " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mitoza \u0219i meioza prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. succed interfaza , o etap\u0103 cu sinteze intense de substan\u021be organice ", "2. se pot desf\u0103\u0219ura simultan \u00een acela\u0219i organ ", "3. implic\u0103 schimbarea morfologiei cro mozomil or \u00een timpul derul\u0103rii lor ", "4. presupun diviziunea sincron\u0103 a nucleului \u0219i citoplasmei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din \u00eencruci\u0219area musculi\u021be lor de o\u021bet , o femel\u0103 cu corp gri \u0219i aripi normale, dublu heterozigot\u0103 , cu un mascul dublu mutant homozigot:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. se manifest\u0103 fenomenul de linkage \u00eentr-un procent de 83% ", "2. are loc fenomenu l de crosing -over \u00een procent 83 % ", "3. se ob\u021bin organisme recombinat e genetic \u00eentr -un procent de 17 % ", "4. se observ\u0103 fenomenul de linkage \u00eentr-un procent de 17% " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleolul con\u021bine:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. nucleotide de ADN \u0219i ARN ", "2. subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale ", "3. agregate nucleopr oteice ", "4. membran\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen meioz\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. cantitatea de ADN se modific\u0103 dup\u0103 telofaza I de la 4C \u2192 2C ", "2. num\u0103rul de cromozomi \u00een celulele fiice rezultate este n ", "3. celula parental\u0103 (meiocit\u0103) este diploid\u0103 ( 2n) ", "4. cantitatea de ADN \u00een fiecare gamet format este 1C " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea /asocierile corect\u0103 /e dintre denumirea \u0219tiin\u021bi fic\u0103 si denumirea popular\u0103 a urm\u0103toarelor specii:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Ovis aries - oaie ", "2. Equus asinus - cal ", "3. Apis mellifera - albin\u0103 ", "4. Columba livia - vrabie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Miofilamentele de miozin\u0103 din structura miofibrilelor mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00eenconjurate de 6 miofilamente sub\u021biri ", "2. sunt alc\u0103tuite din tropomiozin\u0103 ", "3. sunt groase \u0219i localizate \u00een discurile \u00eentunecate ", "4. \u00eempreun\u0103 cu troponina alc\u0103tuiesc miofilamentele sub\u021biri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Incluziuni le ergastice:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. se pot depozita \u00een plastide sau vacuole ", "2. sunt de natur\u0103 organic \u0103 precum CaCO 3 ", "3. sunt produ\u0219i intermediari sau finali ai metabolismului celular ", "4. au natur\u0103 anorganic\u0103 precum inulina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "At\u00e2t m itocondriile c\u00e2t \u0219i ribozomii :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. realizeaz\u0103 sintez\u0103 de ATP ", "2. con\u021bin ADN, ARN \u0219i proteine ", "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een celulele procariote ", "4. au rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomii politeni la Drosophila melanogaster :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. au to\u021bi centromerii grupa\u021bi sub form\u0103 de cromocentru ", "2. la mutant a dublu bar, au regiunea 16 A \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare ", "3. \u00een cazul mutantei tip bar ochiul con\u021bine 360 de omatidii ", "4. provin prin replicarea succesiv\u0103 a centromerilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre specie \u0219i num\u0103rul de cromozomi:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. femela de Drosophila melanogaster - 6A+ XY ", "2. masculul la Equus cabalus - 64A+ XY ", "3. sexul \u2640 la Homo sapiens sapiens - 46A+XX ", "4. planta \u2642 de Humulus lupulus - 16A+ X 1 X2 Y1 Y2 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Transferul de gene \u00een celula bacterian\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. segmentarea ADN -ului de interes cu ajutorul enzime lor de restric\u021bie ", "2. integrarea ADN -ului, selectat anterior cu ajutorul endonucleazelor , \u00een plasmide ", "3. lipirea moleculei de ADN -insert \u00een vector cu ajutorul ligazelor ", "4. introducerea ADN -ului plasmidial recombinat \u00een celula gazd\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia/ afirma\u021biile corect \u0103/e referitoare la statmokinez\u0103:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se produce natural \u00een \u021binuturile polare cu frecven\u021b\u0103 de peste 90% ", "2. a contribuit la ob\u021binerea artificial\u0103 a speciei de gr\u00e2u cultivat Triticum aestivum ", "3. este indus\u0103 prin utilizarea Lindanului \u0219i a solu\u021biei de colchicin\u0103 10% ", "4. a determinat multiplicarea num\u0103rului de baz\u0103 de cromozomi (x =8) la Allium cepa " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din p unct de vedere me tabolic, celulele pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. aparatul G olgi \u0219i cloroplastul - sunt implicate \u00een sinteza de polizaharide ", "2. ribozomii \u0219i mitocondriile - realizeaz\u0103 procese de sintez\u0103 a proteinelor ", "3. ergastoplasma \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic neted - sintetizeaz\u0103 hormoni ", "4. cloroplastele \u0219i mitocondriile sunt sediul unor procese prin care se produce ATP " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre tipurile de pigmen\u021bi asimilatori \u0219i localizarea acestora:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. clorofila b \u2013 \u00een cloroplastele plantelor ver zi ", "2. clorofila c \u0219i fucoxantina \u2013 \u00een feoplaste ", "3. clorofila d \u0219i ficobilinele \u2013 \u00een rodoplaste ", "4. clorofila a \u2013 \u00een toate plastidele fotosintetizante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Organitele specifice celulelor eucariote animale se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. neurofibrilele, prezente \u00een toate componentele neuronului, faciliteaz\u0103 transmiterea impulsului ", "2. miofibrilele din structura fibrelor musculare netede au aspect omogen ", "3. corpusculii Nissl din corpul celular neuronal asigur\u0103 anabolismul proteic ", "4. miofibrilele celulelor musculare striate prezint\u0103 discuri clare \u0219i \u00eentunecate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin prezen\u021ba proteinelor \u00een structura tuturor celulelor eucariote se asigur\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. stabilitatea fibrei de cromatin\u0103 la nivelul nucleului interfazic ", "2. recep\u021bionarea stimulilor externi la nivel membranar \u0219i modulare me tabolic\u0103 ", "3. transportul bidirec\u021bional specific, activ \u0219i pasiv, la nivelul plasmalemei ", "4. rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sus\u021binere la nivelul peretelui celular \u0219i a citoscheletului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele, ca \u0219i mitocondriile, prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 un sistem dublu de citomembrane cu permeabilitate selectiv\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bin factori implica\u021bi \u00een replica\u021bie, transcrip\u021bie \u0219i traducerea materialului genetic ", "3. con\u021bin plasmagen e cu transmitere ereditar\u0103 de tip matroclin ", "4. au tilacoizi sau criste membranare cu propriet\u0103\u021bi energizante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e referitoare la posibilit\u0103\u021bile de circula\u021bie ale diferitelor tipuri de molecule la nivelulul constituen\u021bilor celulelor eucariote:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. ap\u0103: mitocondrie \u2192 hialoplasm\u0103 \u2192 vacuol\u0103 \u2192 cloroplast ", "2. proteine: ribozom \u2192reticul en doplasmatic rugos \u2192 dictiozom \u2192 plasmalem\u0103 ", "3. lipide: cloroplast \u2192 reticul endoplasmatic neted \u2192 aparat Golgi \u2192 lizozom ", "4. glucide: cloroplast \u2192 dictiozom \u2192 vacuol\u0103 \u2192 mitocondrie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea/ asocierile corect \u0103/e dintre bolile genetice \u0219i metabolismul afectat:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. hemocromatoza \u2013 metabolismul purinelor ", "2. scorbut \u2013 metabolismul glucozei ", "3. guta \u2013 metabolismul mineral ", "4. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 \u2013 metabolismul lipidelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile genetice care afecteaz\u0103 transform\u0103rile c\u0103ilor metabolice \u00een care este implicat\u0103 tirozina se pot manifesta fenotipic prin:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. debilitate mintal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de acumularea de acid fenilpiruvic la nivelul creierului ", "2. tulbur\u0103ri majore de vedere, sensibilitat e crescut\u0103 la boli ", "3. deficien\u021be ale activit\u0103\u021bii sistemului nervos asociate perturb\u0103rii secre\u021biei tiroidiene ", "4. dureri articulare rebele asociate acumul\u0103rii de ura\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Homeostazia celular\u0103:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. presupune alterarea structurii \u0219i func\u021biei celulei ", "2. caracterizeaz\u0103 celulele vii izolate, lipsite de schimburi cu mediul ", "3. este o caracteristic\u0103 structural\u0103 a celulei ", "4. este o stare de echilibru relativ care permite func\u021bionarea celulei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen G 2 spre deosebire de G 1:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. cromozomii sunt monocromatidici ", "2. se sintetizeaz\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een replicarea ADN ", "3. se produc ADN polimeraza \u0219i ARN polimeraza ", "4. cantitatea de ADN este dubl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Melanina:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. are ca precursor tirozina ", "2. este un pigment prezent la oamenii c\u0103run\u021bi ", "3. are rol \u00een ecranarea razelor UV ", "4. este precursorul hormonilor tiroidieni " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Matrixul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een reac\u021biile ciclului Krebs ", "2. este o mi xtur\u0103 de solu\u021bii organice \u0219i minerale ", "3. con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een transcriere \u0219i traducere ", "4. este m\u0103rginit de o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103, circular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Hidroliza ATP:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. este catalizat\u0103 de moleculele de ap\u0103 ", "B. determin\u0103 scindarea unei leg\u0103turi adenozin ~fosfat ", "C. furnizeaz\u0103 energie schimburilor osmotice ", "D. duce la formarea de ADP sau AMP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Provirusurile:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. pot provoca boala vacilor nebune ", "B. se replic\u0103 independent de cromozom ", "C. pot fi implicate \u00een transduc\u021bie ", "D. sunt specifice celulelor procariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen ciclul celular mitotic spre deosebire de ciclul celular meiotic al celulelor animale:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. celula mam\u0103 care intr\u0103 \u00een diviziune are o cantitate de ADN 4C ", "B. num\u0103rul ini\u021bial de cromatide este egal cu num\u0103rul final de cromatide ", "C. \u00een placa ecuatorial\u0103 exist\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici recombina\u021bi ", "D. se formeaz\u0103 de trei ori mai pu\u021bine pl\u0103ci anafazice dec\u00e2t \u00een meioz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plastidele fotosintetizatoare:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. se pot transforma \u00een proplastide \u0219i leucoplaste ", "B. au tilacoide care se suprapun form\u00e2nd stive ", "C. con\u021bin clorofila a la cianoficee, alge unicelulare \u0219i plante ", "D. con\u021bin plasmagene responsabile de androsterilitate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 privind schimbul de substan\u021be la nivelul plasmalemei:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. osmoz\u0103 \u2013 bistrat fosfolipidic \u2013 ap\u0103 \u0219i ioni c\u0103tre solu\u021bia mai concentrat\u0103 ", "B. difuzie facilitat\u0103 \u2013 proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 \u2013 c\u0103tre solu\u021bia mai concentrat\u0103 ", "C. transport activ \u2013 pomp\u0103 de ioni \u2013 introduce 2K+ \u0219i elimin\u0103 3Na+ ", "D. difuzie simpl\u0103 \u2013 canale proteice transmembranare \u2013 glucoz\u0103 \u0219i galactoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Din arborele genealogic al\u0103turat, reprezent\u00e2nd transmiterea unei maladii ereditare rezult\u0103 c\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Leon \u0219i Claire sunt obligatoriu homozigo\u021bi pentru alela dominant\u0103 ", "B. Rob, Jane, Paula \u0219i Keith sunt obligatoriu heterozigo\u021bi ", "C. Sian \u0219i David nu pot fi purt\u0103tori ai muta\u021biei ", "D. Shane \u0219i Laura au suferit concomitent aceea\u0219i muta\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dintre ascomicetele care produc boli la om face parte:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Rhysomucor parasiticus ", "B. Mucor mucedo ", "C. Aspergillus niger ", "D. Penicillium notatum " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ciclul celular se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cuprinde dou\u0103 etape independente: interfaza \u2013 90% \u0219i diviziunea celular\u0103 \u2013 10% ", "B. num\u0103rul cromatidelor rezultate la finalul diviziunii este egal cu num\u0103rul cromatidelor din G 2 ", "C. formarea cromozomilor bicromatidici este succedat\u0103 de sinteza ADN -ului \u0219i a ARN -polimeraz ei \u00een G 1 ", "D. \u00een timpul interfazei cromatina se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens \u00een prezen\u021ba coloran\u021bilor bazici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cromonemata se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din ADNdc liniar asociat proteinelor acide de tip his tonic ", "B. stocheaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 a celulelor utilizat\u0103 \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bi repetitive nucleosomale care con\u021bin ADNdc \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat pe un cilindru proteic ", "D. reprezint\u0103 o structur\u0103 ribonucleoproteic\u0103, ca \u0219i nucleolii implica\u021bi \u00een bioge neza ribozomilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor vegetale \u0219i animale a evoluat \u00een direc\u021bia :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. egal\u0103rii duratei haplofazei cu cea a diplofazei, at\u00e2t la plante c\u00e2t \u0219i la animale ", "B. reducerii dimensiunilor \u0219i duratei de timp a spermatofitului, la plante ", "C. cre\u0219terii duratei haplofazei, produc\u0103toare de game\u021bi, la animale ", "D. reducerii gametofitului \u00een favoarea sporofitului, la spermatofite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Apa este:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. un solvent pentru trigliceridele \u0219i alte substan\u021be lipofile ", "B. molecul\u0103 cu caracter nepolar, care dizolv\u0103 s\u0103ruri minerale ", "C. mediu de dispersie pentru substan\u021bele din hialoplasm\u0103 ", "D. \u00een procent de 50% \u00een semin\u021be uscate, cu celule plasmolizate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bacteriile pot avea nutri\u021bie:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. autotrof\u0103 prin cromatofori precum Nostoc communae ", "B. heterotrof\u0103 parazit\u0103 precum protoctistele cromogene purpurii ", "C. simbiont\u0103, cu fixare de azot precum Escherichia col i ", "D. autotrof\u0103 chemosintetizatoare precum bacteriile metanogene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cenveli\u0219ul nuclear:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. este caracteristic bacteriilor, algelor, plantelor \u0219i ciupercilor ", "B. separ\u0103 procesele de replicare \u0219i transcriere de cele de traducere ", "C. este cel mai important criteriu de asem\u0103nare dintre procariote \u0219i eucariote ", "D. \u00eempiedic\u0103 schimburile de substan\u021be dintre celule \u0219i dintre carioplasm\u0103 \u0219i citosol " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o familie \u00een c are ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, probabilitatea na\u0219terii celui de -al doilea copil cu luxa\u021bie congenital\u0103 de \u0219old, ca \u0219i primul n\u0103scut, este de:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. 0,5%, dac\u0103 este feti\u021b\u0103 ", "B. 5,4 %, dac\u0103 este b\u0103iat ", "C. 6,3 %, dac\u0103 este feti\u021b\u0103 ", "D. 3 \u2013 4 %, indiferent de sexul copilului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Replica rea macromoleculei de ADNdc presupune:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. respectarea principiului colinearit\u0103\u021bii dintre bazele azotate ", "B. ruperea leg\u0103turilor glucido -fosforice dintre cele dou\u0103 catene ", "C. formarea pun\u021bilor de hidrogen \u00eentre fiecare dou\u0103 baze purinice ", "D. dublarea fiec\u0103rei gene din alc\u0103tuirea genomului nuclear " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nucleoidul:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. este alc\u0103tuit dintr -o macromolecul\u0103 de ARN circular ", "B. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een toate organismele unicelulare ", "C. reprezint\u0103 materialul nuclear al celulei eucariote ", "D. reprezint\u0103 cromozomul organismelor din regnul Monera " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Genotipul reprezint\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. totalitatea factorilor ereditari sau a genelor unui organism ", "B. ansamblul tuturor \u00eensu\u0219irilor unui organism ", "C. rezultatul interac\u021biunii dintre fenotip \u0219i mediu ", "D. toate genele indivizilor dintr -o specie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. poliploidia poate fi indus\u0103 prin utilizarea acidului nitros ", "B. Aegilops speltoides este o specie amfiploid\u0103 ", "C. sfecla de zah\u0103r are forme diploide \u0219i hexaploide ", "D. sub ac\u021biunea alcaloizilor se ob\u021bine secar\u0103 tetraploid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile cromozom iale:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. modific\u0103 doar succesiunea nucleotidelor \u00eentr -o gen\u0103 ", "B. determin\u0103 apari\u021bia anemiei falciforme ", "C. induc multiplicarea num\u0103rului de seturi de cromozomi ", "D. pot fi generate prin transloca\u021bii reciproce " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Turgescen\u021ba unei celule:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. variaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un mediu izotonic ", "B. scade \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipertonic\u0103 ", "C. se reface prin plasmoliz\u0103 ", "D. se pierde \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre meioz\u0103 se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. la plante, se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea celulelor reproduc\u0103toare sexuate, numite spori ", "B. \u00eentre cromozomii bivalen\u021bi lor apar chiasme, posibil urmate de schimb uri de gene ", "C. la animale, se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 de mai multe ori pe parcursul ovogenezei sau spermatogenezei ", "D. cele dou\u0103 celule haploide fiice traverseaz\u0103 asincron fazele meiozei II " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Drosophila melanogaster se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. heterozomi diferi\u021bi \u00een alc\u0103tuirea perechii I din genomul femelei ", "B. culoarea ochilor dependent\u0103 de num\u0103rul de exemplare al regiunii 16A ", "C. cromozomi politeni \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ale masculului adult ", "D. determinism cromozom ial al sexelor \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u0219i la a lte insecte diptere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Formarea speciei Triticum aestivum cuprinde:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. diploidizarea spontan\u0103 a speciei Triticum monococcum ", "B. \u00eencruci\u0219area Aegilops squarosa (2n=7) cu un hibrid fertil ", "C. realizarea unei duble alopoliploidii \u00een mod natural \u0219i spontan ", "D. o singur\u0103 etap\u0103 de diploidizare, de la 3n la 6n " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Perenospora sp. \u2013 ciuperc\u0103 saprotrof\u0103 pe resturi vegetale \u0219i animale ", "B. Rivularia sp. \u2013 alg\u0103 verde unicelular\u0103 cu nucleu individualizat ", "C. Ustilago maydis \u2013 ciuperc\u0103 microscopic\u0103 care produce ba sidiocarpi ", "D. Halopshaera minor \u2013 alg\u0103 flagelat\u0103, autotrof\u0103, cu vacuol\u0103 contractil\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een efectele muta\u021biilor plasmagenelor, apari\u021bia:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. hibrizilor interspecifici reciproci ", "B. coloniilor \u201epetite\u201d de la drojdiile de bere ", "C. paramecilor rezisten\u021bi de tip \u201ekiller\u201d ", "D. boabelor de maz\u0103re zb\u00e2rcite " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul fenotipuri lor diferite rezultate din \u00eencruci\u0219are a dintre doi indivizi triplu heterozigo\u021bi este:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. 16 fenotipuri ", "B. 64 de fenotipuri ", "C. 27 de fenotipuri ", "D. 8 fenotipuri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care o celul\u0103 -ou a parcurs succesiv 4 diviziuni \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een anafaza mitozei urm\u0103toare, num\u0103rul total al microtubulilor centriolari din structura embrionului \u00een evolu\u021bie este:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. 864 ", "B. 1728 ", "C. 3456 ", "D. 1280 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Doi p\u0103rin\u0163i cu polidactilie dintre care unul are daltonism, au un b\u0103iat cu vedere normal\u0103, hemofilie \u015fi degete normale. Alege \u0163i varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la genotipul unuia dintre p\u0103rin\u0163i:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. mama: aaXdXh ", "B. tata: AAXdY ", "C. mama: AaXhX ", "D. tata: aaXdY " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen experimentele realizate \u00een biotehnologiile de ingi nerie genetic\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. nucleii celulelor rezultate din primele 4 mitoze ale zigotului sunt totipoten\u021bi ", "B. hibrizii somatici HeLa au capacitatea de a produce anticorpi \u0219i se divid nelimitat ", "C. \u0219oarecii alofenici se ob\u021bin din zigo\u021bi al c\u0103ror genotip s -a modificat prin tr ansfer de gene ", "D. pentru clonare nucleul unui ovul este transferat \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 diploid\u0103 enucleat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen haploidia prin androgenez\u0103 experimental\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. se folosesc ovule care sunt trecu te pe medii de cultur\u0103 ", "2. se pot ob\u021bine linii izogene utile pentru ameliorarea plantelor ", "3. se ob\u021bin hibrizi cu calit\u0103\u021bi utile, prin diploidizare ", "4. rezult\u0103 plante care exprim\u0103 fenotipic toate genele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre diferite tipuri de simbion \u021bi intracelulari implica\u021bi \u00een ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 \u0219i efectele acestora:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. particule lambda \u2013 sensibilitate crescut\u0103 la dioxid de carbon la musculi\u021bele de o\u021bet ", "2. particule miu virale \u2013 moartea partenerului la \u00eencruci\u0219area paramecilor ", "3. factori sigma bacterieni \u2013 predominan\u021ba sexului femel \u00een descenden\u021ba musculi\u021belor de o\u021bet ", "4. particule kappa bacteriene \u2013 sinteza paramecinei \u0219i rezisten\u021ba paramecilor purt\u0103tori la aceasta " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. se replic\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", "2. con\u021bine ADN, ATP, ARN, pro teine, lipide, ioni ", "3. este vizibil\u0103 microscopic ca un corpuscul ata\u0219at de nucleolem\u0103 ", "4. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een game\u021bii b\u0103rba\u021bilor care au sindrom Klinefelter " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt surse de variabilitate fenotipic\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. dominan\u021ba incomplet\u0103 ", "2. procesul de fecunda\u021bie ", "3. muta\u021biile ", "4. genele letale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin acizi nucleici \u0219i ribonucleoproteine ", "2. prezint\u0103 oxizomi cu echipament enzimatic bogat ", "3. sintetizeaz\u0103 compu\u0219i macroergici ", "4. se pot \u00eenmul\u021bi prin fragmentare sau \u00eenmugurire " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sinteza proteinelor la eucariote \u0219i la procariote:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. \u00eencepe \u00een citoplasm\u0103 cu procesul de transcriere ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul unor enzime specifice ", "3. folose\u0219te ribozomi liberi \u0219i ribozomi fixa\u021bi pe membrane ", "4. se realizeaz\u0103 conform succesiunii codonilor din ARNm " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Peretele celular:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine polizaharide sintetizate \u0219i \u00eempachetate de dictiozomi ", "2. prezint\u0103 lamela mijlocie, hemicelulozic\u0103, \u00eentre pere\u021bii primari ", "3. prezint\u0103 punctua\u021biuni traversate de cordoane citoplasmatice ", "4. poate prezenta \u00een structura sa perete secundar de natur\u0103 pectic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Enzimele de restric\u021bie:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. recunosc anumite secven\u021be de nucleotide ", "2. sunt utilizate \u00een tehnologia ADN recombinant ", "3. produc fragmente de ADNdc cu capete monocatenare ", "4. sunt proteine cu activitate de tipul ADN -ligazei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile, ca \u0219i cloroplastele:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin ADNdc, ci rcular, care codific\u0103 toate proteinele func\u021bionale ale organitului ", "2. prezint\u0103 ribozomi similari celor de la procariote \u0219i o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 ", "3. con\u021bin plasmagene cu stabilitate mult mai mare comparativ cu cea a genelor nucleare ", "4. genereaz\u0103 energie, stocat\u0103 \u00een compu\u0219i organici utiliza\u021bi \u00een alte compartimente ale celulei eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Modelul mozaicului fluid al plasmalemei:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este universal pentru membranele procariotelor \u0219i eucariotelor ", "2. prezint\u0103 un bistrat fosfolipidic care permite deplas\u0103ri ale proteinelor ", "3. descri e pompele ionice ca fiind componente transmembranare ", "4. con\u021bine glicoproteine pe ambele fe\u021be ale membranei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile care afecteaz\u0103 materialul genetic uman pot fi determinate prin:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. amniocentez\u0103 \u2013 depistarea malforma\u021biilor congenitale asociate muta\u021biilor ", "2. metode citogenetice \u2013 depistarea abera\u021biilor cromozomiale \u0219i a aneuploidiilor ", "3. ultrasonografia \u2013 depistarea erorilor de metabolism \u0219i a anomaliilor cromozomiale ", "4. hibridarea celular\u0103 \u0219i molecular\u0103 \u2013 determinarea pozi\u021biei genelor pe cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi componentele celulare care intervin, \u00een diferite etape, \u00een biogeneza urm\u0103toarelor structuri celulare :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. citoscheletul \u0219i fusul de diviziune; particip\u0103 ribozomii, centrozomul ", "2. miofibrile, neurofibrile; particip\u0103 nucleul, reticulul endoplasmatic gr anular ", "3. peretele celular secundar, membrana celular\u0103; particip\u0103 reticulul endoplasmatic neted, dictiozomii ", "4. ribozomii, corpii tigroizi; particip\u0103 heterocromatina, nucleolii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Culturile in vitro la plante se realizeaz\u0103 cu scopul:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. multiplic\u0103rii rapide a unor ge notipuri valoroase ", "2. ob\u021binerii unor plante haploide pornind de la gr\u0103uncioare de polen ", "3. hibrid\u0103rii somatice \u00eentre protopla\u0219ti ", "4. ob\u021binerii unor linii descenden te f\u0103r\u0103 infec\u021bii virale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00centre organisme procariote \u0219i fung ice pot exista urm\u0103toarele asem\u0103n\u0103ri:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103 la circuitul materiei \u00een natur\u0103, \u00een calitate de descompun\u0103tori ", "2. pot realiza, \u00een condi\u021bii naturale sau artificiale, diverse procese de fermenta\u021bie ", "3. particip\u0103, ca partener heterotrof, la rela\u021bii de simbioz\u0103 cu plante superioare ", "4. au reprezentan\u021bi unice lulari care intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea talului lichenilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre modific\u0103rile cariotipului uman \u0219i manifest\u0103rile acestora:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. 2n = 47, sex feminin, test pozitiv al cromatinei sexuale \u2192 malforma\u021bii cardiace \u0219i ale capului ", "2. 2n = 47, sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc, corpuscul Barr absent \u2192 talie sub medie, fertilitate redus\u0103 ", "3. 2n = 45, corpuscul Barr absent \u2192 talie redus\u0103, g\u00e2t scurt, insuficient\u0103 dezvoltare sexual\u0103 ", "4. 2n = 47, sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc, test pozitiv al cromatinei sexuale \u2192 comportament agresiv, ginecomasti e " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Categoria lichenilor cu tal ramificat /tufos include:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Rhizocarpon geograficum ", "2. Cetraria islandica ", "3. Xanthoria parietina ", "4. Usnea barbata " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 caracteristicile func\u021bionale ale constituen\u021bilor celulari:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. reticululul endoplasmatic al hepatocitelor are rol \u00een detoxifierea celulei ", "2. mitocondriile fibrelor musculare furnizeaz\u0103 ATP necesar contra c\u021biilor ", "3. vacuolele din celulele plantelor au rol \u00een procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei ", "4. dictiozomii ciupercilor produc mucilagii \u0219i rezerve de amidon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul respira\u021biei celulare:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. etapa citosolic\u0103 este dependent\u0103 de oxigen ", "2. se ob\u021bin 38 molecule de ATP la nivel mitocondrial ", "3. rezult\u0103 CO 2 care difuzeaz\u0103 facilitat din matrice ", "4. se utilizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be rezultate din ciclul Calvin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ascomicetele, spre deosebire de bazidiomicete se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. unele specii provoac\u0103 ruginile la plante ", "2. au ca substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 glicogenul ", "3. formeaz\u0103 micorize cu diferite specii de plante ", "4. produc f\u0103in\u0103ri la cereale, stejar, vi\u021b\u0103 \u2013 de - vie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic rugos:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. poate fi implicat \u00een etapa de traducere a informa\u021biei genetice ", "2. se prezint\u0103 sub forma unor vezicule puternic aplatizate ", "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een continuarea membran ei extern e a \u00eenveli\u0219ului nucleului ", "4. transport\u0103 c\u0103tre dictiozomi unele proteine sintetizate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Centrul celular:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. este for mat din 9 grupuri de c\u00e2te 3 microtubuli ", "2. apare la unele ciuperci inferioare \u0219i la unele alge ", "3. con\u021bine o \u021bes\u0103tur\u0103 de proteine fibrilare elastice ", "4. genereaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune la unele protiste " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Daltonismul \u0219i hemofilia:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. sunt maladii sex -linkate ", "2. se manifest\u0103 numai la hemizigo\u0163i ", "3. se transmit la fel ca distrofia Duchenne ", "4. nu pot afecta aceea\u0219i persoan\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt caractere determinate de muta\u021bii spontane :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sterilitatea la specia Callitroga homini -vorax ", "2. lipsa pubescen\u021bei fructelor la piersic ", "3. rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 la Aegilops umbellulata ", "4. lipsa coarnelor la bovine \u0219i ovine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre materialul genetic extranuclear se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. cloroplastul protistei Chlamydomonas poate con\u021bine 1200 molecule de ADN ", "2. ADN -ul cloroplastidial este mai constant dec\u00e2t ADN -ul mitocondrial ", "3. la om, determin\u0103 degenerarea nervului optic cu transmitere matroclin\u0103 ", "4. muta\u021bii ale citocromilor mitocondriali pot \u00eencetini ritmul de cre\u0219tere la Neurospora " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plasmodiul malariei :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. distrug e celule nucleate din s\u00e2ngele uman ", "2. con\u021bin e antigeni ce declan\u0219eaz\u0103 reac\u021bii imunitare ", "3. se \u00eenmul\u021be \u0219te asexuat \u00een corpul \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel ", "4. se afl\u0103 ca sporozoizi \u00een saliva \u021b\u00e2n\u021barului anofel " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile \u0219i cloroplastele:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. au evoluat din procariote endosimbionte ", "2. sunt componente protoplasmatice ", "3. au aparat de sintez\u0103 proteic\u0103 propriu ", "4. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune indirect\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ciuperci comestibile sunt:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Bolletus edulis ", "2. Saccharomices cerevisiae ", "3. Armillaria mellea ", "4. Amanita muscaria " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre caracteristicile cariotipului uman \u0219i sindromul corespunz\u0103tor :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. 5 perechi de cromozomi acrocentrici \u2013 sindrom \u201ddublu mascul\u201d ", "2. 24 de cromozomi metacentrici \u2013 sindrom Klinefelter ", "3. 6 perechi cromozomi submetacentrici \u2013 sindrom Edwards ", "4. 12 cromozomi acrocentrici - b\u0103iat cu sindrom Patau " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul persoanelor diagnosticate cu anemie falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. este afectat\u0103 sinteza componentei hem, proteice, a hemoglobinei ", "2. muta\u021bia genetic\u0103 determin\u0103 modific\u0103ri morfologice, fiziologice \u0219i metabolice la nivelul hematiilor ", "3. heterozigo\u021bi i au \u00een s\u00e2nge 40% hemoglobin\u0103 normal\u0103 (HbS) \u0219i 60% hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 (HbA) ", "4. scade capacitatea eritrocitar\u0103 de fixare \u0219i de transport a oxigenului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Microtubulii centriolari sunt:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 tipuri de tubuline fibrilare : \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 ", "B. \u00een num\u0103r total de 54 \u00eentr -o celul\u0103 aflat\u0103 \u00een diviziune ", "C. grupa\u021bi c\u00e2te doi, \u00een 9 grupuri periferice per centriol ", "D. implica\u021bi \u00een controlul anumitor faze ale diviziunii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de mitocondrii, cloroplastele con\u021bin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. dou\u0103 membrane distincte \u0219i un aparat genetic de tip procariot ", "B. ADN, care le confer\u0103 rol \u00een ereditatea transmis\u0103 non -mendelian ", "C. o membran\u0103 energizant\u0103 implicat\u0103 \u00een conversia energiei ", "D. enzime care catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii ce duc la sinteza glucozei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Enzimele:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. celulare sunt substan\u021be de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 cu gr ad mare de specificitate ", "B. din mitocondrii sunt implicate \u00een sinteza acidului piruvic \u00een cadrul ciclul ui Krebs ", "C. de tip ADN -polimeraze se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada G1 (presintetic\u0103) a interfazei ", "D. din cloroplaste catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii dependente de lumin\u0103 ale ciclu lui Calvin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Citoza:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. caracterizeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t celulele procariote, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe cele eucariote ", "B. presupune formare de pinozomi sau de fagozomi, \u00een exocitoz\u0103 ", "C. se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul veziculelor, f\u0103r\u0103 consum de energie ", "D. este necesar\u0103 macrofagelor pentru a \u00eencorpora celule procariote " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ciclul meiotic se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. replicarea conservativ\u0103 a ADN -ului \u00een interfaza dinaintea etapei reduc\u021bionale ", "B. dou\u0103 segreg\u0103ri: a cromatidelor surori (meioza I), a cromozomilor omologi (meioza II) ", "C. cuplarea a dou\u0103 diviziuni separate d e o interchinez\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sintez\u0103 replicativ\u0103 a ADN ", "D. migrarea cromozomilor spre poli \u00een func\u021bie de originea lor matern\u0103 sau patern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen cursul diviziunii mitotice:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune \u0219i calotele polare, pe baza cliv\u0103rii centrozomului ", "B. are loc deplasa rea cromatidelor surori c\u0103tre poli prin scurtarea filamentelor polare ", "C. cromozomii revin la aspectul interfazic, fiecare av\u00e2nd dou\u0103 cromatide lungi \u0219i sub\u021biri ", "D. vezicule golgiene ajung la nivelul liniei de demarca\u021bie dintre cele dou\u0103 celule fiice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Miofibrilele sunt:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. elemente contractile din membrana celulei musculare care reprezint\u0103 suportul morfologic al contrac\u021biei musculare ", "B. ancorate \u00eentre ele astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 poat\u0103 glisa unele printre altele, determin \u00e2nd scurtarea celulei musculare ", "C. structuri care dau aspectul caracteristic celulelor musculare striate datorit\u0103 alternan\u021bei discurilor clare cu cele \u00eentunecate ", "D. alc\u0103tuite din miofilamente groase de actin\u0103 \u0219i sub\u021biri de miozin\u0103 dispuse hexagonal, observabile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN -ul:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. mitocondrial \u2013 este responsab il de direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei la melcul Limnaea ", "B. cloroplastic \u2013 este unicul responsabil de androsterilitatea extra nuclear\u0103 de la porumb ", "C. din particulele K \u2013 este implicat \u00een sinteza paramecinei la tipul sensibil de parameci ", "D. din particulele miu - poate suferi muta\u021bii ce determin\u0103 apari\u021bia tipului poky la Neurospora crassa " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre substan\u021bele organice prezente \u00een organismele vii se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. steroizii reprezint\u0103 materie prim\u0103 indispensabil\u0103 sintezei unor enzime ", "B. trigliceridele sunt molecule polare, solubile \u00een ap\u0103, cu important rol energetic \u00een celul\u0103 ", "C. celuloza este un dizaharid prezent \u00een structura peretelui celulelor vegetale ", "D. vitaminele au rol \u00een reac\u021bii celulare deoarece alc\u0103tuiesc grup\u0103ri active ale unor enzime " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Peretele celular este:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. \u00eenso\u021bit de mucus, la bacterii, form\u00e2nd \u00eempreun\u0103 glicocalixul ", "B. format din polizaharide globulare, precum mureina sau chitina ", "C. alc\u0103tuit dintr -o matrice celulozic\u0103 \u0219i un schelet pectic, la plante ", "D. str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ce includ RE, la nivelul punctua\u021biunilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u00een formare \u0219i alta matur\u0103, ce asociaz\u0103 ribozomi ", "B. prelucreaz\u0103 specific molecule sintetizate la nivelul RER, \u00een func\u021bie de destina\u021bia lor ", "C. este prezent \u00een hematiile adulte ale mamiferelor, dar absent la procariote ", "D. este imp licat \u00een formarea lizozomilor \u0219i a peretelui celular \u00een celulele animale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. implic\u0103 un schimb reciproc de mai multe gene/o gen\u0103 sau chiar un schimb intragenic ", "B. are frecven\u021ba corelat\u0103 cu distan\u021ba dintre gene, fiind mai mare \u00eentre gene mai apropiate ", "C. asigur\u0103 sporirea variabilit\u0103\u021bii genetice, ca rezultat al schimbului de gene alele identice ", "D. st\u0103 la baza modific\u0103rilor muta\u021bionale ale materialului genetic, fiind simplu sau multiplu " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Autopoliploidia este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. trandafir, garoaf\u0103, tutun ", "B. sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r, gr\u00e2u, secar\u0103 ", "C. vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, m\u0103r , salcie ", "D. sfecla de zah\u0103r , plop, Triticale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele manifest\u0103ri s unt prezente \u00een tabloul clinic al sindromului Down:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. talie mic\u0103, dolicocefalie, urechi mari \u0219i dispuse mai jos ", "B. malforma\u021bii viscerale diverse (cardiace, digestive) ", "C. rigiditate articular\u0103, degete \u00eendoite \u00een pumn, piele uscat\u0103 ", "D. activitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 a enzimei superoxid -dismutaza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Corpusculul Barr:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. este absent \u00een celulele unei femei cu sindrom Turner \u0219i \u00een celulele unui b\u0103rbat normal ", "B. apare ca un corpuscul slab colorat, ata\u0219at membranei celulare, \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "C. este prezent \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare \u00een celulele unui b\u0103rbat cu sindromul \u201edublu mascul\u201d ", "D. apare prin heterocromatinizarea heterozomului acrocentric \u0219i lipsit de satelit " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prin iradiere s-a reu\u0219it:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. transferul genei care determin\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la rugin\u0103 de la T. aestivum la A. umbellulata ", "B. ata\u0219area genei pentru culoarea neagr\u0103 a ou\u0103lor pe cromozomul X, la \u2642 vierm ilor de m\u0103tase ", "C. sterilizarea indivizilor de Callitroga homini -vorax , care paraziteaz\u0103 animalele domestice ", "D. ob\u021binerea de mutante pubescente la piersic dup\u0103 1 - 2 ani de la \u00eenceperea iradierilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre enzimopatie \u0219i cauza acesteia:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. fenilcetonuria \u2013 blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een acid fenilpiruvic ", "B. albinism \u2013 blocarea sintezei enzimei ce converte\u0219te tiroxina \u00een melanin\u0103 ", "C. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u0219\u0103 \u2013 deficien\u021ba enzimei tirozinaza ", "D. idio\u021benia fenilpiruvic\u0103 \u2013 deficien\u021ba enzimei fenilalanin -hidroxilaza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi efectele unor factori mutageni chimici :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. iperita afecteaz\u0103 replicarea ADN, determin\u00e2nd tranzac\u021bii de tipul AT -GC ", "B. solu\u021biile de Lindan \u0219i colchicin\u0103 1% exercit\u0103 efecte statmochinetice \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "C. acidul nitro s determin\u0103 dezamin\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eemperecheri eronate \u00eentre bazele azotate ", "D. fenolii determin\u0103 ruperi ale cromozomilor f\u0103r\u0103 a fi urmate de transloca\u021bii, la animale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Determinismul genetic al sexelor la Bryonia dioica se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. diferen\u021bierea cromozomilor sexului: XY la sexul \u2640 \u0219i XX la sexul \u2642 ", "B. formarea unui singur tip de game\u021bi \u2640 \u0219i a dou\u0103 tipuri de game\u021bi \u2642 ", "C. prezen\u021ba heterozomilor multipli, fiind o specie amfi poliploid\u0103 ", "D. formarea de game\u021bi \u2642 f\u0103r\u0103 heterozomi, sexul \u2640 fiind XX, iar cel \u2642 XO " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Diagnoza prenatal\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. ultrasonografie, prin care se detecteaz\u0103 toate erorile de metabolism ale f\u0103tului ", "B. amniocentez\u0103, const\u00e2nd \u00een recoltarea de lichid amniotic \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "C. analiza Doppler, care se efectueaz\u0103 prin utilizarea unor markeri fetali ", "D. laparoscopie, prin care se extrag ovule ce sunt examinate genetic \u0219i bi ochimic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103 presupune:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. ob\u021binerea ADN -insert prin utilizarea endonucleazelor de restric\u021bie de origine viral\u0103 ", "B. prelucrarea vectorului de clonare, virus sau plasmid, prin bombardarea lui cu ADN ", "C. ob\u021binerea ADN -recombinant (ADN -rec) cu ajutorul enzimelor ADN -giraze ", "D. multiplicarea ADN -rec \u0219i introducerea \u00eentr -o gazd\u0103, de regul\u0103 bacterie sau drojdie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Multiplicarea viral\u0103 presupune:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. decapsularea realizat\u0103 \u00eenainte sau dup\u0103 p\u0103trunderea \u00een celula -gazd\u0103 parazitat\u0103 ", "B. realizarea unor procese de replicare, t ranscriere \u0219i traducere a acidului nucleic viral ", "C. sinteza de noi capsomere, pe baza informa\u021biei genetice oferite de proteinele virale ", "D. eliberarea noilor particule virale din celul\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna prin liza acesteia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt viroze \u00eent\u00e2lnite la plante:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. b\u0103\u0219icarea f runzelor de piersic, arsura perilor ", "B. ve\u0219tejirea fasolei, putregaiul umed al morcovului ", "C. r\u0103sucirea frunzelor de cartof, mozaicul castrave\u021bilor ", "D. cancerul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor de sfecl\u0103, mozaicul porumbului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Virusul HIV:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. are form\u0103 sferic\u0103, fiind delimitat de o caps ul\u0103 bistratificat\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 ", "B. are genomul viral alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 molecule de acid ribonucleic ", "C. se poate integra \u00een nucleu l celulei -gazd\u0103 ca virus vegetativ ", "D. atac\u0103 limfocitele B cu rol important \u00een imunitatea celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nostoc communae :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 colonii filamentoase de celule alungite, \u00eenconjurate de o teac\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", "B. se poate \u00eenmul\u021bi vegetativ prin heteroci\u0219ti sau prin diviziune direct\u0103 (amitoz\u0103) ", "C. con\u021bine \u00een centroplasma celulelor ficocianin\u0103, care predomin\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de clorofil\u0103 ", "D. produce un tip de amidon similar structural cu glicogenul, care se coloreaz\u0103 cu iodul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Multe specii de bacterii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. peretelui celular rigid, mureinic, ce particip\u0103 \u0219i la sporogenez\u0103 ", "B. pililor - filamente scurte, rigide, cu rol \u00een formarea coloniilor ", "C. pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori asocia\u021bi cu mezozomii, la bacteriile fotoautotrofe ", "D. fimbriilor \u2013 filamente lungi cu rol \u00een reproducerea sexuat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Reproducerea sexuat\u0103 la protiste se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. diviziune transversal\u0103 la speciile genului Stentor \u0219i Vorticella ", "B. schimb de material nuclear la Paramoecium caudatum ", "C. diviziune longitudinal\u0103 la eugl enoficeele Phacus \u0219i Ascoglena ", "D. formarea sporozoizilor \u00een hematiile omului la Plasmodium sp. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sarcodinele:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. marine planctonice, precum forami niferii - au pseudopode fine, dispuse radial ", "B. parazite, ca Entamoeba histolitica - provoac\u0103 meningoencefalite la om ", "C. de ap\u0103 dulce, precum Amoeba proteus \u2013 se pot deshidrata \u0219i proteja de un \u00eenveli\u0219 ", "D. parazite, ca Naegleria fowleri - produc afec\u021biuni gastrointestinale la om " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Oomicetele:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. sunt numite \u0219i mucegaiuri chemosintetizante sau pseudofungi ", "B. diferen\u021biaz\u0103 zoosporangi \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 zoospori haploizi, imobili ", "C. au aparatul vegetativ format din hife cu structur\u0103 cenocitic\u0103 ", "D. se reproduc sexuat, form\u00e2nd spori de rezi sten\u021b\u0103 (conidii) peste iarn\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La Mucor mucedo:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. miceliul este alc\u0103tuit dintr -o hif\u0103 pluricelular\u0103, polinucleat\u0103 \u0219i ramificat\u0103 ", "B. reproducerea sexuat\u0103 este o heterogametangiogamie, rezult\u00e2nd micelii 2n ", "C. \u00een sporangii purta\u021bi de sporangiofori se formeaz\u0103 aplanospori g\u0103lbui sau hialini ", "D. rezultatul reproducerii asexuate este zigosporul, cu rol de rezisten\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen transmiterea culori lor ro\u0219u \u0219i alb ale florilor la plantele de gura leului spre deosebire de transmiterea acestor culori la floril e de maz\u0103re:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 genotip din F2 este 1:2:1 ", "2. \u00een prima genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 toate florile au acela\u0219i fenotip ", "3. \u00een a doua genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 to\u021bi indivizii homozigo\u021bi au flori roz ", "4. raportul de segregare dup\u0103 fenotip \u00een F2 este 1:2:1 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bacteriile chimiotrofe:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin cloroplaste necesare pentru modul lor autotrof de hr\u0103nire ", "2. pot provoca boli numite bacterioze precum difteria \u0219i holera ", "3. fac parte din grupul cia nobacteriilor unicelulare sau coloniale filamentoase ", "4. folosesc energia chimic\u0103 rezultat\u0103 prin oxidarea unor substan\u021be minerale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre ciuperci c\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din \u021besuturi false numite plectenchimuri ", "2. pot forma simbioze cu unele plante , denumite micoze ", "3. produc glicogen \u0219i lipide ca produ\u0219i de asimila\u021bie ", "4. se \u00eenmul\u021besc asexuat prin gametangiogamie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Plastidele \u0219i mitocondriile au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. factori implica\u021bi \u00een transcrierea \u0219i traducerea informa\u021biei genetice ", "2. molecule de ADN cu reg iuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 \u0219i eucromatin\u0103 ", "3. molecule macroergice fiecare av\u00e2nd o adenin\u0103, o riboz\u0103 \u0219i trei radicali fosfat ", "4. ioni de fier, ioni de magneziu, enzime, ARNt, ARNm, ARNv, ARNr " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Diatomeele \u0219i radiolarii au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. rol geologic prin rocile formate dup\u0103 moartea lor ", "2. fac parte din \u00eencreng\u0103tura Crysophyta ", "3. structuri silicioase situate la exterior ul organismului ", "4. cromatofori mari cu pigmen\u021bi aurii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. glucidele \u0219i s\u0103rurile minerale sunt surs e principal e de energie la plante ", "2. lipidele se formeaz\u0103 prin combinarea acizilor gra\u0219i cu glicerolul ", "3. ceridele sunt lipide complexe aflate \u00een semin\u021be \u0219i \u00een ceara de balen\u0103 ", "4. fosfolipidele \u0219i colesterolul particip\u0103 la formarea membranelor celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Mecanismul cromozom al de determinare a sexelor:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. la Mus minutoides minutoides \u0219i la Humulus lupulus se face cu heterozomi multipli ", "2. la Bombyx mori ca \u0219i la fluturele Abraxas implic\u0103 masculi heterogametici XO ", "3. la Protenor bleifragei \u0219i la Drosophyla melanogaster masculii produc dou\u0103 tipuri de game\u021bi ", "4. la Zea mays \u0219i la Humulus lupulus implic\u0103 doar doi heterozomi identici XX pentru sexul femel " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dominan\u021ba incomplet\u0103 se manifest\u0103 \u00een determinismul culorii florilor la:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Mirabilis jalapa ", "2. Zea mays ", "3. Antirrhinum majus ", "4. Pisum sativum " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00eentr -un ansamblu de tehnici \u0219i metode prin care se pot izola, multiplica \u0219i transfera genele ", "2. folose\u0219te reverstranscriptaze pentru sinteza \u00een eprubet\u0103 a genei de interes pornind de la matri\u021b\u0103 de ARNm ", "3. este utilizat\u0103 pentru ob\u021binerea unor vaccinuri, a unor hormoni de cre\u0219tere, a unor plante rezistente la boli ", "4. utilizeaz\u0103 ca vectori endonucleaze de restric\u021bie, ADN ligaze , plasmide \u015fi virusuri " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nomenclatura binar\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. a fost introdus\u0103 \u00een secolul XIX de naturalistul suedez Karl Linn\u00e9 ", "2. pentru stejar este Quercus robur , iar pentru \u0219acal Canis aureus ", "3. cuprinde dou\u0103 cuvinte: primul denume\u0219te specia, al doilea genul ", "4. este unic\u0103 \u0219i utilizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre taxonomi\u0219tii din toat\u0103 lumea " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Bazidiomicete \u2013 Peronospora sp. \u2013 provoac\u0103 mana cepei ", "2. Zigomicete \u2013 Pilobolus sp. \u2013 provoac\u0103 mucoromicoze ", "3. Ascomicete \u2013 Taphrina sp. \u2013 produce putregaiul fructelor ", "4. Zigomicete \u2013 Glomus sp. \u2013 formeaz\u0103 simbioze micorizale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dintre bolile ereditare cu manifestare de tip dominant, face parte:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. fenilcetonuria ", "2. brahicefalia ", "3. hemofilia ", "4. sindactilia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre mitoz\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. presupune transform\u0103ri ale p\u0103r\u021bii solide a nucleoplasmei ", "2. permite refacerea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een zigotul nou -format ", "3. este diviziunea implicat\u0103 \u00een formarea embrionului din celula -ou ", "4. presupune derularea unor etape reduc\u021bionale \u0219i ecva\u021bionale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dup\u0103 tipul cromozomilor afecta\u021bi, muta\u021biile pot fi:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. naturale ", "2. autozomale ", "3. artificiale ", "4. heterozomale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Lamela mijlocie:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine substan\u021be fosfolipoproteice amorfe ", "2. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din pectine cu rol de cimentare ", "3. este organizat\u0103 sub forma \u201emozaicului fluid\u201d ", "4. une\u0219te pere\u0163ii celulelor vegetale \u00eenvecinate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Din grupul ciupercilor bazidiomicete parazite ale gr\u00e2ului face parte:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Tilletia tritici ", "2. Ustilago maydis ", "3. Puccinia graminis ", "4. Aspergillus niger " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. pebrina este provocat\u0103 de sporozoarul Nosema bombycis ", "2. Rhyzomucor parasiticus poate afecta pl\u0103m\u00e2nii oamenilor ", "3. Nosema apis este un parazit care afecteaz\u0103 intestinul albinelor ", "4. mana cartofului este provocat\u0103 de Phytophtora infestans " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Protoctistele clorofite:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se pot \u00eenmul\u021bi asexuat prin zoospori mobili ", "2. implic\u0103 doi game\u021bi mobili \u00een procesul de conjugare ", "3. pot con\u021bine xantofil\u0103, carotin\u0103, clorofila a \u0219i b ", "4. sunt organisme autotrofe, heterotrofe \u0219i mixotrofe " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Celulele de tip Hibridoma produc mari cantit\u0103\u021bi de interferon deoarece:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. au informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 necesar\u0103 producerii anticorpilor preluat\u0103 de la fibroblaste ", "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin hibridarea celulelor tumorale cu celule din glandele mamare ", "3. au capacitate nelimitat\u0103 de diviziune indus\u0103 de func\u021bionalitatea celulelor tumorale ", "4. se divid foarte des datorit\u0103 mediul ui de cultur\u0103 supernutritiv , care nu trebuie \u00eemprosp\u0103tat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale celulelor fungale:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. \u00eenveli\u0219ul nuclear se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul telofazei mitozei ", "2. peretele celular este frecvent chitinos, iar plastidele sunt \u00een num\u0103r redus ", "3. produ\u0219ii de rezerv\u0103 sunt reprezenta\u021bi de glicerol , amidon \u0219i lipide ", "4. pot fi haploide, dicariotice sau diploide, dup\u0103 organizarea materialului nuclear " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. arhebacteriile \u015fi cianobacteriile sunt procariote deoarece au o form \u0103 primitiv\u0103 de organizare a ", "2. unele ciuperci se hr\u0103nesc autotrof deoarece se asociaz\u0103 cu algele albastre -verzi form\u00e2nd lichenii ", "3. plasmodiul malariei este un sporozoar deoarece produce spori prin care supravie\u021buie\u0219te \u00een afar a gazdelor ", "4. protistele au o mare importan\u021b\u0103 filogenetic\u0103 deoarece reprezint\u0103 un grup evolutiv lipsit de descenden\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sindromul Down \u0219i sindromul Klinefelter:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. pot avea \u00een comun prezen\u021ba unei cromozom X puternic condensat ", "2. afecteaz\u0103 fertilitatea b\u0103rba\u021bilor \u0219i aspectul lor morfologic ", "3. pot ap\u0103rea din fecundarea unor ovule cu un singur cromozom X ", "4. sunt trisomii heterozomale cu 2n=47 care pot afecta b\u0103rba\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ribozomii:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. pot fi liberi sau ata\u0219a\u021bi pe fa\u021ba citosolic\u0103 a membranelor RE ", "2. con\u021bin factori implica\u021bi \u00een alungirea catenelor polipeptidice ", "3. au rol important \u00een sinteza proteinelor mitocondriale ", "4. con\u021bin ARN \u0219i proteine \u00een cele dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi egale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul metafazic al perechii 5:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 cromatide omoloage, condensate, subme tacentrice ", "2. are o morfologie dinamic\u0103 pe parcursul fazelor mitotice ", "3. apar\u021bine grupei B \u0219i este mai scurt \u00een maladia \u201ecri du chat\u201c ", "4. se prinde de firele fusului de diviziune prin centrozom " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Albinismul:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. are frecven\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 la amerindienii din Panama ", "2. poate fi o consecin\u021b\u0103 a homozigot\u0103rii prin consangviniz are ", "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin absen\u021ba pigmen\u021bilor melanici ", "4. apare prin blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nucleolul este:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. prezent \u00een toate celulele vegetale \u0219i animale ", "2. materialul genetic bacterian situat \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "3. delimitat de carioplasm\u0103 printr -o membran\u0103 ", "4. implicat \u00een biogeneza subunit\u0103\u021bilor ribozomale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Speciile din genul Mycrocystis :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. fac parte din grupul cianobacteriilor ", "2. sunt frecvente \u00een apele poluate ", "3. au celule dispuse \u00eentr -o mas \u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", "4. pot provoca fenomene de \u00eenflorire a apelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ingineria genetic\u0103 presupune tehnici prin care:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. se utilizeaz\u0103 protopla\u015fti animali \u00een vederea fuzion\u0103rii cu cei vegetali , proces numit hibridare somatic\u0103 ", "2. se pot ob\u021bine, prin clonare, animale precum oaia Dolly, vaca Holly sau maimu\u021ba Tetra ", "3. se utilizeaz\u0103 ovule vegetale diploidizate pentru ob\u021binerea de linii izogene cu importan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103 ", "4. se pot ob\u021bine linii pure de plante prin androgenez\u0103 experimental\u0103 \u0219i tratamente cu colchicin\u0103 1% " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de crossing - over s pre deosebire de cel de transloca\u021bie se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. apari\u021bia duplica\u021biei pentru un segment cromozomal ", "2. formarea unor leg\u0103turi nucleoproteice doar la nivelul centromerilor cromozomilor omologi ", "3. schimburi nereciproce de segmente cromozomiale ", "4. realizarea unor noi combina\u021bii de gene \u00een absen\u021ba factorului muta\u021bional " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Profaza I spre deosebire de profaza II :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. implic\u0103 dezorganizarea membranei nucleare \u0219i a structurilor cu rol \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", "2. presupune organizarea fusului de diviziune cu participarea centrozomilor ", "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin s piralizarea cromozomilor bicromatidici recombina\u021bi \u0219i condensa\u021bi ", "4. urmeaz\u0103 unei etape a ciclului celular \u00een care a avut loc replicarea ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Lamela mijlocie:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. are structur\u0103 compact\u0103 \u015fi rigid\u0103 la unele tipuri celulare ", "B. con\u0163ine predominant chitin\u0103 la ciuperci ", "C. se g\u0103se\u015fte \u00eentre peretele celular primar \u015fi cel secundar ", "D. este de natur\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este o diviziune sincron\u0103 ", "B. reprezint\u0103 un tip primitiv de diviziune ", "C. implic\u0103 condensarea crom ozomilor ", "D. ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte a ciclului celular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cromatoforii:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sunt cromoplaste ", "B. con\u0163in clorofila a ", "C. au caracter cristaloid ", "D. abund\u0103 \u00een petale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen profaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een metafaz\u0103, cromozomii:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sunt formati din dou\u0103 fibre de cromatin\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 un centrozom care une\u015f te dou\u0103 bra\u0163e ", "C. ating maximum de condensare ", "D. au o morfologie tipic\u0103 pentru o anumit\u0103 specie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. are loc \u00een timpul profazei mitozei ", "B. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de formarea bivalen\u021bilor ", "C. modific\u0103 raportul de segregare mendelian ", "D. este li psit\u0103 de efecte fenotipice la heterozigo\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Observat la microscopul optic, nucleul:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. apare mai pu\u021bin refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul ", "B. are form\u0103 lobat\u0103 \u00een celulele embrionare ", "C. prezint\u0103 una sau mai multe zone mai \u00eentunecate ", "D. apare ca fiind delimitat de dou\u0103 citomembr ane " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "B\u0103rba\u021bii sunt afecta\u021bi mult mai frecvent dec\u00e2t femeile \u00een cazul:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. distrofiei musculare Duchenne ", "B. fenilcetonuriei ", "C. scorbutului ", "D. sindromului \u201ccri du chat\u201d " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fagocitoza:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. conduce la un fagozom bogat \u00een enzime hidrolitice ", "B. este un proces de permea\u021bie realizat cu ajutorul pseudopodelor ", "C. const\u0103 \u00een \u00eencorporarea unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", "D. necesit\u0103 participarea elementelor citoscheletale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi la nivelul tubulilor ", "B. este implicat \u00een sinteza de citomembrane ", "C. formeaz \u0103 corpusculii Nissl ai ciupercilor ", "D. are rol \u00een secre\u021bia unor substan\u021be nocive " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Componentele func\u021bionale ale membranei plasmatice:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. sunt lan\u021buri de aminoacizi complex \u00eempachetate ", "B. sunt dispuse sub form\u0103 de bistrat ", "C. reprezint\u0103 structurile fixe ale plasmalemei ", "D. asigur\u0103 transportul O 2 \u0219i CO 2 prin membran\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Meioza spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. este precedat\u0103 de replica\u021bia cromozomilor ", "B. presupune citokineza urmat\u0103 de cariokineza ", "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin dou\u0103 cariokineze ", "D. presupune diviziunea nucleul ui \u00een patru faze " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioada G2:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. celula intr\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 scurt\u0103 de odihn\u0103 ", "B. nucleolii \u00eencep s\u0103 se dezorganizeze ", "C. cromatina se condenseaz\u0103 \u0219i se fragment eaz\u0103 ", "D. ribozomii sintetizeaz\u0103 proteine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Androsterilitatea la plante:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. respect\u0103 legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii ", "B. se datoreaz\u0103 fenomen ului de heterozis ", "C. este indus\u0103 doar de gene nucleare ", "D. \u00eempiedic\u0103 autoreproducere a lor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Grupa D cuprinde:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. heterozomul X ", "B. perechile 16 -18 de cromozomi ", "C. cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", "D. cromozomi scur\u021bi de tip metacentric " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin metoda studiului gemenilor mo nozigo\u021bi s -a putut stabili caracterul neereditar al:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. debilit\u0103\u021bii mintale ", "B. hemeralopiei ", "C. tuberculozei ", "D. diabetului insipid " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Procariotele spre deosebire de eucariote au:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. o interfaz\u0103 scurt\u0103 \u00eentre dou\u0103 mitoze succesive ", "B. un raport mare suprafa\u021b\u0103/volum ", "C. ribozomi lipsi\u021b i de membran\u0103 ", "D. incluziuni acumulate \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Reducerea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een timpul meiozei este consecin\u021ba:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. replica\u021biei cromozomilor dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", "B. dublei cariokineze desp\u0103r\u021bite de o interfaz\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de perioada S ", "C. separ\u0103rii cromati delor surori \u00een cromozomi monocromatidici ", "D. recombin\u0103rii genetice intra \u0219i intercromozomale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "ADNcp spre deosebire de ADNmt:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. este o molecul\u0103 de form\u0103 circular\u0103 ", "B. se replic\u0103 independent de ADN nuclear ", "C. prezint\u0103 numeroase regiuni heterocromatinizate ", "D. este mai cons tant reu\u0219ind s\u0103 contracareze efectele factorilor de mediu " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Eucromatina:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza proteinelor celulare ", "B. se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t heterocromatina ", "C. se poate eviden\u021bia \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", "D. este o regiune mai condensat\u0103 a cromatinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nucleolii \u00een interfaz\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. sunt dispu\u0219i \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "B. au rol \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", "C. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een ADN \u0219i ARN ", "D. sunt delimita\u021bi de membran\u0103 proprie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dictiozomii au aspect granulos \u00een:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. st\u0103ri patologice ", "B. st\u0103ri fizi ologice normale ", "C. timpul diviziu nii tuturor celulelor ", "D. celulele secretoare s\u0103n\u0103toase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile genice determin\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. sindromul \u201dcri du chat\u201d ", "B. deficien\u021be enzimatice ", "C. abera\u021bii numerice heterozomale ", "D. apari\u021bia monosomiilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Determinismul sexelor este:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. cromozomal de tip Abraxas , la c\u00eenep\u0103 ", "B. cu hetero zomi multipli la albin\u0103 ", "C. cromozomal de tip Drosophyla , la spanac ", "D. cu masculi haploizi la roz\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cromozomii din metafaza I :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. sunt forma\u021bi din patru cromatide identice ", "B. ata\u0219a\u021bi de filamentele polare ale fusului de diviziune ", "C. au cromatidele surori unite prin fibre kinetocorale ", "D. formeaz\u0103 bivalen\u021bii sau tetradele cromozomale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ribozomii pot fi situa\u021bi pe membrana:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. reticulului endoplasmatic neted ", "B. substan\u021bei tigroide neuronale ", "C. extern\u0103 a cloroplastului ", "D. intern\u0103 a nucleului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cat\u00e2rul spre deosebire de bardou are:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. talie mai mic\u0103 ", "B. 63 de cromozomi ", "C. sterilitate reproductiv\u0103 ", "D. putere de trac\u021biune mai mare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Drosophyla melanogaster are:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. opt cromozomi identici morfologic ", "B. capacitatea de a se \u00eenmul\u021bi o dat\u0103 pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 ", "C. cromozomi uria\u0219i \u00een glandele salivare ale adul\u021bilor ", "D. capacitatea de a diferen\u021bia sexele prin perechea I de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Din categoria glucidelor complexe face parte:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. clorofila ", "B. chitina ", "C. cheratin\u0103 ", "D. colesterolul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Membrana plasmatic\u0103 spre deosebire de peretele celular:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. poate s\u0103 fie primar\u0103 \u0219i secundar\u0103 ", "B. permite transportul unor substan\u021be ", "C. protejeaz\u0103 celula de factorii de mediu ", "D. se delimiteaz\u0103 spre interior delimit\u00e2nd organite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Conform legii purit\u0103\u021bii game\u021bilor:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. perechile de gene sunt homozigote din punct de vedere genetic ", "B. \u00eentr-un gamet se afl\u0103 un singur factor ereditar dintr -o pe reche ", "C. perechile de gene sunt heterozigote din punct de vedere genetic ", "D. \u00eentr-un gamet factorii ereditari se afl\u0103 sub form\u0103 de pereche " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Triticum aestivum este o specie:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. alopoliploid\u0103 ", "2. hexaploid\u0103 ", "3. amfiploid\u0103 ", "4. autopoliploid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Genele recesive ajung mai frecvent \u00een condi\u021bie homozigot\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. la copiii n\u0103scu\u021bi de mame de peste 40 de ani ", "2. \u00een cadrul popula\u021biilor izolate ", "3. \u00een cazul expunerii la factorii mutageni ", "4. la descenden\u021bii familiilor consangvine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Testul cromatinei sexuale este negativ la:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. femeile cu sindrom Turner ", "2. persoanele cu monosomie heterozomal\u0103 ", "3. b\u0103rba\u021bii cu s indrom Down ", "4. sexul heterogametic de tip Drosophila " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile genomice sunt rezultatul:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. fragment\u0103rii fusului de diviziune ", "2. ac\u021biunii statmochinetice a unor substan\u021be ", "3. nondisjunc\u021biei cromozomilor omologi ", "4. eredit\u0103\u021bii de tip matroclin " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen transportul activ prin m embrana plasmatic\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sunt sco\u0219i din celul\u0103 ionii de Na+ \u0219i sunt introdu\u0219i ionii de K+ ", "2. sunt transportate macromolecule sau particule materiale ", "3. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 dependente de descompunerea ATP ", "4. presupune deplasarea substan\u021bei \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cariotipul unui b\u0103rbat cu sindrom Klinefelter pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. determinismul genic al sexului ", "2. prezen\u021ba a doi heterozomi omologi ", "3. existen\u021ba a trei cromozomi \u00een grupa D ", "4. prezen\u021ba a 14 autozomi \u00een grupa C " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen anafaza I:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. cromozomii replica\u021bi m igreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre polii celulei ", "2. cantitatea de ADN este dubl\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de interfaz\u0103 ", "3. seturile de cromozomi sunt recombinate ", "4. fibrele polare trag cromozomii c\u0103tre poli " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Membranele tilacoidale:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. convertesc lumina \u00een energie chimic\u0103 ", "2. au structur\u0103 de mozaic -fluid ", "3. formeaz\u0103 prin suprapunere grane ", "4. sunt membrane energizante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin un aparat genetic de tip procariot ", "2. prezint\u0103 criste care p\u0103trund ad\u00e2nc \u00een strom\u0103 (matrix) ", "3. se transmit de la o genera\u021bie celular\u0103 la alta ", "4. sunt sediul unor procese consumatoare de ATP " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 cromozomi dicromatidici pe toate durata sa ", "2. conduce la formarea a dou\u0103 meiocite ", "3. este generatoare de variabilitate \u00een lumea vie ", "4. duce la formare unor celulele fiice cu genotip identic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Maz\u0103rea:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. este o plant\u0103 autogam\u0103 ", "2. are numeroase s oiuri cu caractere distincte ", "3. se poate hibrida prin polenizare artificial\u0103 ", "4. prezint\u0103 multe caractere constante de la o genera\u021bie la alta " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Semidominan\u021ba a fost descris\u0103 la:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. plante de barba \u00eemp\u0103ratului ", "2. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia ", "3. indivizi ai speciei umane ", "4. plante de g ura leului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Un fenotip diferit de cel al genitorilor homozigo\u021bi apare \u00een urma interac\u021biunii alelice de tip:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. codominan\u021b\u0103 ", "2. semidominan\u021b\u0103 ", "3. supradominan\u021b\u0103 ", "4. dominan\u021b\u0103 incomplet\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Heterozisul se manifest\u0103 la to\u021bi descenden\u021bii :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. homozigo\u021bi recesivi ", "2. din F2 rezulta\u021bi prin monohibridare ", "3. cu orice combina\u021bie genotipic\u0103 ", "4. primei genera\u021bii hibride " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fenotipul spre deosebire de genotip :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. variaz\u0103, \u00eentre anumite limite, \u00een func\u021bie de condi\u021biile de mediu ", "2. reprezint\u0103 totalitatea combina\u021biile de gene ", "3. const\u0103 \u00een tr\u0103s\u0103turile morfofizio logice ale indivizilor ", "4. este structura genetic\u0103 a indivizilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Heterozigot poate fi genotipul grupei sanguine :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. A (II) ", "2. AB (IV) ", "3. B (III) ", "4. O (I) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Se transmite dominant caracterul fenotipic :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. ureche cu lob liber ", "2. cap rotund ", "3. prognatism ", "4. nas lat " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune \u00een condi\u021bii de laborator se poate realiza utiliz\u00e2nd :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. solu\u021bia de colchicin\u0103 ", "2. elemente genetice mobile ", "3. solu\u021bia de Lindan ", "4. tratamentul cu agen\u021bi alchilan\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Lizozomii :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. stocheaz\u0103 enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare ", "2. con\u021bin enzime digestive inactive \u00ee n mediul alcalin ", "3. sunt mai pu\u021bin numero\u0219i \u00een celulele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", "4. distrug fragmente deteriorate de celule " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Glicogenul este substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 la:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. animale ", "2. ciuperci ", "3. bacterii ", "4. plante " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic este:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. implicat \u00een reglarea nivelului de calciu \u00een citoplasma celulei musculare ", "2. un sistem membranar tridimensional de tuburi \u0219i cisterne ", "3. mai bine dezvoltat \u00een celule cu activitate metabolic\u0103 intens\u0103 ", "4. o re\u021bea de canalicule \u00eentre membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i plasmalem\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt macromolecule:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. ADN -ul, hemoglobina, amido nul ", "2. ARN -ul, glicerolul , cheratina ", "3. enzimele, celuloza, imunoglobuline ", "4. glucoza , aminoacizii , nucleotidele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Traverseaz\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 prin difuziune:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. CO 2 ", "2. Apa ", "3. O2 ", "4. ARNr " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cromozomii la procariote \u0219i eucariote:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi dintr -o molecul \u0103 circular\u0103 de ADN ", "2. con\u021bin proteine histonice ", "3. sunt forma\u021bi din fibre de cromatin\u0103 ", "4. reprezint\u0103 genomul celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Flagelii eucariotelor :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt componente permanente cu rol \u00een mi\u0219care ", "2. prezint\u0103 un corpuscul bazal cu structur\u0103 de centriol ", "3. con\u021bin \u00een partea mobil\u0103 1+9 perechi de mic rotubuli ", "4. au aceea\u0219i structur\u0103 ca ai procariote lor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Amitoza:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. are trei perioada G 1, S, G 2 ", "2. se poate desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een celule maligne ", "3. este o diviziune cariokinetic\u0103 simpl\u0103 ", "4. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin absen\u021ba fusului de diviziune " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Deficien\u021be enzimatice caracterizeaz\u0103 ur m\u0103toarele boli:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. galactozemia ", "2. diabetul zaharat ", "3. maladia Tay -Sachs ", "4. fenilcetonuria " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Linkage -ul presupune:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. transmiterea \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buit\u0103 a genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", "2. segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de gene ", "3. existen\u021ba mai multor loci genici \u00eentr -un cromoz om ", "4. schimbul reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii omologi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Citosolul:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 curen\u021bi citoplasmatici la procariote ", "2. este partea nestructurat\u0103 a citoplasmei ", "3. con\u021bine un citoschelet de natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ", "4. poate trece din starea de sol \u00een starea de gel " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Vacuolele :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", "2. se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 \u00een cursul plasmolizei ", "3. au rol \u00een procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei la plante ", "4. pot con\u021bine pigmen\u021bi asimilatori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt substan\u021be cu structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. chitina \u0219i acizii gra\u0219i ", "B. celuloza \u0219i amidonul ", "C. glicogenul \u0219i trigliceridele ", "D. mureina \u0219i chitina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fibra de cromatin\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este lax\u0103 \u00een heterocromatin\u0103 ", "B. la procariote, con\u021bine proteine bazice ", "C. se condenseaz\u0103 la maxim \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", "D. este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din unit\u0103\u021bi numite nucleotide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La masculii de Drosophila melanogaster :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. autozomii din perechea II sunt cei mai mici ", "B. cromozomii politeni se g\u0103sesc \u00een glandele intestinale ", "C. un cromozom din perechea I are form\u0103 de bastona\u0219 ", "D. heterozomii formeaz\u0103 o pereche de cromozomi omologi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La \u00eencruci\u0219are a hibrizilor, \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de perechi heterozigote de factori ereditari, se ob\u021bine:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Aegilops speltoides \u2013 raport de segregare genotipic\u0103 de 9:3:3:1 ", "B. Antirrhinum - raport de segregare genotipic\u0103 \u0219i fenotipic\u0103 de 3:1 ", "C. Pisum sativum - raport de segrega re genotipic\u0103 de 9: 3:3:1 ", "D. Mirabilis jalapa - raport de segregare fenotipic\u0103 \u0219i genotipic\u0103 1:2:1 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Proteinele transmembranare:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. sunt implicate \u00een transportul activ al ionilor ", "B. au o parte hidrofil\u0103 localizat\u0103 \u00een bistratul lipidic ", "C. formeaz\u0103 un bistrat semipermeabil ", "D. asigur\u0103 difuzia gazelor respiratorii prin membran\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Exist\u0103 mai mult de dou\u0103 gene alele pentru locii caracterelor:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. forma capului \u0219i culoarea ochilor ", "B. talia \u0219i prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", "C. culoarea ochilor \u0219i grupa de s\u00e2nge ", "D. forma capului \u0219i grupa de s\u00e2 nge " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La celulele procariote:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. glicocalixul este o component\u0103 a capsulei polizaharidice ", "B. flagelul este alc\u0103tuit din microtubuli ", "C. nucleolul este format dintr -o singur\u0103 molecul\u0103 de ADN ", "D. peretele celular con\u021bine murein\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. include trei grupe cu cromozomi acrocentrici ", "B. are cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi \u00een grupele D \u0219i B ", "C. cuprinde \u00een cadrul grupei C perechile de cromozomi 6 -12 ", "D. a fost stabilit \u00een 1965, prin bandare cromozomial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Se manifest\u0103 de regul\u0103 la v\u00e2rste \u00eenaintate:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cretinismul s poradic cu gu\u0219\u0103 ", "B. sindromul \u201ecri du chat\u201d ", "C. sindromul Edwards ", "D. boala Huntington " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Despre mitocondrii se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. lipsesc din citoplasma hematiilor ", "B. con\u021bin o fibr\u0103 de heterocromatin\u0103 ", "C. sunt sediul respira\u021biei anaerobe ", "D. au o membran\u0103 extern\u0103 energizant\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sele cta\u021bi afirma\u021bia FALS\u0102:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. lizozomii sunt implica\u021bi \u00een procesele de autofagie \u0219i heterofagie. ", "B. cromoplastele sunt abundente \u00een pericarpul fructelor de tomate. ", "C. leucoplastele din tuberculul de cartof pot fi colorate cu solu\u021bia de KI+I 2 ", "D. corpusculul bazal \u0219i axonema flagelului prezint\u0103 2 fibrile centrale. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celula care intr\u0103 \u00een etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103, spre deosebire de cea care intr\u0103 \u00een etapa ecva\u021bional\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine cromozomi bicromatidici ", "B. a parcurs un proces de recombinare ", "C. d\u0103 na\u0219tere la celule fiice haploide ", "D. are un num\u0103r dublu de cromatide " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Plantele de maz\u0103re:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 cloroplaste cu rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor anorganice ", "B. produc game\u021bi homozigo\u021bi, puri din punct de vedere genetic ", "C. con\u021bin vacuole m\u0103rginite de o membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast ", "D. produc polen \u00een urma meiozei care are loc \u00een floare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de glucide, proteinele:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranelor celulare ", "B. con\u021bin atomi de carbon \u0219i hidrogen ", "C. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca enzime \u00een reac\u021biile biochimice ", "D. sunt componente ale acizilor nucleici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Are \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 azot:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. celuloza ", "B. acidul gras ", "C. amidonul ", "D. nucleotida " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ATP-ul:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een condi\u021bii de anaerobioz\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine \u00een alc\u0103tuirea moleculei sale un glucid simplu ", "C. se produce \u00een stroma cloroplastului la \u00eentuneric ", "D. este un acid nucleic cu trei radicali fosfat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici \u0219i recombina\u021bi se pot observa \u00een:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. profaza II ", "B. anafaza II ", "C. telofaza II ", "D. interfaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celulele de tip 2n afectate de aneuploidie pot avea:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. mai multe genomuri dob\u00e2ndite prin hibridare ", "B. varia\u021bii ale cantit\u0103\u021bii de materi al genetic nuclear ", "C. o cantitate de ADN identic\u0103 cu a unei celule diploide ", "D. mai multe garnituri cromozomiale complete " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la crossing -over sunt adev\u0103rate, cu EXCEP\u021aIA:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. \u00een cazul organismelor homozigote, are efecte fenotipice majore ", "B. se realizeaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 pierdere de informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ", "C. presupune un schimb reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii omologi ", "D. poate avea loc \u0219i \u00een timpul diviziunii mitotice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la caracteristicile structurale ale cromonematei:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine proteine acide numite histone ", "B. se coloreaz\u0103 intens cu colchicin\u0103 ", "C. este o component\u0103 a citoplasmei ", "D. are un aspect fibrilar, la microscop " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ARN -m:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. are o structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103, alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din ribonucleotide ", "B. migreaz\u0103 din nucleu \u00een citoplasm\u0103, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor ", "C. con\u021bine dou\u0103 tipuri de baze azotate pirimidinice comune cu ADN -ul ", "D. este sintetizat \u00een nucleu, prin replicare semiconservativ\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Peretele celular primar la plante:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. poate con\u021bine suberin\u0103 \u0219i lignin\u0103 ", "B. este str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ", "C. are o stru ctur\u0103 groas\u0103 \u015fi rigid\u0103 ", "D. este impermeabil pentru ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Formarea pseudopodelor:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. necesit\u0103 participarea citoscheletului ", "B. implic\u0103 mai multe proteine -c\u0103r\u0103u\u015f ", "C. conduce la un proces de permea\u0163ie ", "D. are loc la procariote \u015fi eucariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 diferen\u0163ele dintre cat\u00e2r \u015fi bardou ", "B. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een fibrele musculare striate ", "C. au o membran\u0103 extern\u0103 cu rol \u00een sinteza ATP ", "D. con\u0163in ribozomi identici cu cei din citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Chinetocorul (cinetocorul):", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. une\u015fte bra\u0163ele unui cromozom monocromatidic ", "B. mijloce\u015fte separarea c romatidelor surori \u00een meioza I ", "C. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 la filamentele nepolare ale fusului de diviziune ", "D. are rol \u00een condensarea \u015fi individualizarea cromozomilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Meiocitele:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 din meioza II ", "B. sunt celule haploide ", "C. au un num\u0103r par de cromozomi ", "D. rezult\u0103 din meioza I " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen placa ecuatorial\u0103 din metafaza I a unei celule cu 2n= 16 exist\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. 4 tetrade cromatidice ", "B. 16 perechi de cromatide surori ", "C. 8 cromozomi bicromatidici ", "D. un num\u0103r dublu de cromatide fa\u0163\u0103 de G2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Locii genici din heterozomii de la D. melanogaster :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. \u00ee\u015fi modific\u0103 d imensiunea prin substitu\u0163ia nucleotidelor ", "B. particip\u0103 la crossing -over la ambele sexe ", "C. \u00ee\u015fi schimb\u0103 ordinea \u00een urma crossing -over -ului ", "D. se transmit \u00een bloc \u00een timpul mitozei, la mascul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere genetic, Triticum aestivum :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. este un autopoliploid natural ", "B. are o meioz\u0103 dereglat\u0103 ", "C. este un poliploid diploidizat ", "D. \u00eensumeaz\u0103 patru genomuri distincte " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Femeile afectate de sindromul Down:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. nu pot avea copii cu num\u0103r normal de cromozomi ", "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een cariotip o trisomie \u00een grupa G ", "C. pot fi depistate prin testul cr omatinei sexuale ", "D. prezint\u0103 abera\u0163ii structurale \u00een perechea 21 de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ADN -ul plastidial:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. este substratul chimic al eredit\u0103\u021bii matrocline ", "2. poate suferi muta\u021bii care au efect letal ", "3. este loca lizat \u00een strom\u0103, ca \u0219i plastoribozomii ", "4. con\u021bine baze pirimidinice, de exemplu uracil " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Triticum aestivum ( 2n=6x=42) \u2013 alopoliploid natural ", "2. Aegilops speltoides ( 2n=2x=16) \u2013 amfiploid steril ", "3. Triticale ( 2n=8x=56) \u2013 amfiploid artificial ", "4. Secale cereale ( 2n=4x=28) \u2013 autopoliploid natural " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt organite celulare specifice:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. centrozomii din celulele de Allium cepa ", "2. miofilamentele din structura neurofibrilelor 5 ", " 3. corpusculii Nissl din nucleul celulelor nervoase ", "4. cloroplastele din celulele mu\u0219chilor de p\u0103m\u00e2nt " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la hemoglobine este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. au fost identificate peste 300 de hemoglobine anormale ", "2. con\u021bin globuline -proteice \u0219i componente neproteice - hem ", "3. HbS este \u00een procent de 40% la persoanele heterozigote ", "4. valina din cate na beta este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu acidul glutamic, \u00een cazul HbS " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici pentru Drosophila melanogaster:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. fenomenul de supradominan\u021b\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba culorii corpului ", "2. culoarea normal\u0103 a ochilor, ro\u015fu corai \u015fi cea a corpului, gri ", "3. peste 500 de mutante, pentru \u00eensu\u0219irile fiziologice ", "4. mutanta eyeless are doar \u0219apte cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Afecteaz\u0103 metabolismul:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. lipidic - guta ", "2. glucidic - fenilcetonuria ", "3. bazelor azotate - scorbutul ", "4. mineral \u2013 hemocromatoza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Triticum aestivum :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. poate avea gene de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la rugin\u0103, transferate de la Aegilops umbellulata ", "2. a provenit prin hibridarea spontan\u0103 a trei specii de graminee cu n=14 ", "3. este un amfiploid natural, originar din \u021binuturile de la sud de Mun\u021bii Caucaz ", "4. poate fi supus mutagenilor a lchilan\u021bi de tipul acidului nitros, dietilsulfatului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomii celulelor rezultate din meioza II, spre deosebire de cei ai meiocitelor aflate la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul interfazei:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin regiuni dense de eucromatin\u0103 ", "2. sunt monocromatidici ", "3. con\u021bin o cantitate dubl\u0103 de AD N ", "4. au noi combina\u021bii de gene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Substan\u021ba fundamental\u0103 a mitocondriilor \u0219i cloroplastelor, con\u021bine enzime implicate \u00een:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. sinteza proteinelor ", "2. procesul de detoxifiere a celulei ", "3. replicarea materialului genetic ", "4. desf\u0103\u0219urarea ciclului Calvin " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Statmochineza:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. are loc sub ac\u021biunea Lindanului ", "2. permite vizualizarea cromozomilor interfazici ", "3. se realizeaz\u0103 cu solu\u021bie de colchicin\u0103 ", "4. permite clivarea centromerilor, \u00een profaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tetradele cromatidice:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada G2 a interfazei ", "2. con\u021bin patru cromatide identice genetic ", "3. se formeaz\u0103 prin replicarea succesiv\u0103 a cromatidelor ", "4. sunt caracteristice etapei reduc\u021bionale a meiozei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sindromul Duchenne se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu albinismul prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. tipul de cromozom implicat ", " 2. nu modific\u0103 cariotipul ", "3. afectarea unui singur sex ", "4. implic\u0103 o muta\u021bie recesiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Feoplastele con\u021bin:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. clorofila a \u0219i c ", "2. ficobiline ", "3. xantofile ", "4. clorofila a \u0219i d " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Rasa de g\u0103ini de Andaluzia are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. femele ZW ", "2. masculi homogametici ", "3. penaj albastru ", "4. masculi X0 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la metodele moderne de studiu al eredit\u0103\u021bii umane:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. prin studiul gemenilor monozigo\u021bi s -a determinat caracterul ereditar al tuberculozei. ", "2. tehnicile de bandare pot identifica modific\u0103ri structurale ale cromozomilor. ", "3. frecven\u021ba genelor se studiaz\u0103 prin heterocro matinizarea cromozomului X. ", "4. studiul lichidului amniotic permite diagnoza prenatal\u0103 a unor muta\u021bii. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen membran\u0103 exist\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri func\u021bionale de proteine:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. proteine c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 pentru difuzia facilitat\u0103 ", "2. enzime, care transmit informa\u021bii spre exteriorul ce lulei ", "3. receptori, ca loc de recunoa\u0219tere pentru hormoni ", "4. colesterol, care mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 fluiditatea membranei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hematiile introduse \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. absorb apa activ ", "2. pierd ap\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 ", "3. \u00ee\u0219i m\u0103resc vacuolele ", "4. sufer\u0103 ruperea membranei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prin testul cromatinei sexuale se poate depista:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. aneuploidia heterozomilor ", "2. sindromul Turner ", "3. sindromul Klinefelter ", "4. sindromul Patau " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "O celul\u0103 cu 2n=56 de cromozomi con\u021bine:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. 28 de bivalen\u021bi \u00een metafaza I ", "2. 112 cromatide \u00een anafaza mitozei ", "3. 112 cromatide \u00een G2 ", "4. 56 de centromeri \u00een profaza I " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Linkage -ul:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. are loc \u00een mitoz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een meioz\u0103 ", "2. produce cromozomi recombina\u021bi ", "3. implic\u0103 genele din acela\u0219i cromozom ", "4. este surs\u0103 de variabilitate genetic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Traverseaz\u0103 membrana plasmatic\u0103 prin difuzie simpl\u0103:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. glucoza, c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 un gradien t de concentra\u0163ie ", " 2. apa, \u00een sensul gradientului osmotic ", "3. aminoacizii, folosind proteine -c\u0103r\u0103u\u0219 ", "4. O2 \u015fi CO 2, prin bistratul fosfolipidic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen categoria maladiilor a c\u0103ror manifestare este determinat\u0103 de condi\u0163ii specifice de mediu intr\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. schizofrenia ", "2. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u015f\u0103 ", "3. depresia maniacal\u0103 ", "4. distrofia muscular\u0103 Duchenne " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00centre genele implicate \u00een determinismul grupelor sanguine exist\u0103 rela\u021bii de:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. alelie ", "2. dominan\u0163\u0103 - recesivitate ", "3. codominan\u0163\u0103 ", "4. dominan\u021b\u0103 incomplet\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nucleul celulelor animale:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. are dimensiuni mai mici dec\u00e2t nucleul celulelor fungilor ", "2. apare mai refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul, la microscopul optic ", "3. este sediul proceselor de replicare \u015fi traducere a informa\u0163iei genetice ", "4. con\u0163ine gene care se transmit mendelian de la o genera\u0163ie la alta " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ribozomii:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt forma\u0163i din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u0163i egale ", "2. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea corpusculilor Nissl ", "3. sunt cupla\u0163i cu ADNm form\u00e2nd polizomi ", "4. se g\u0103sesc ata\u015fa\u0163i pe cisterne puternic aplatizate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pe parcursul ciclului celular mitotic, cromozomul:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. are un singur centromer, \u00een toate fazele ", "2. prezint\u0103 4 bra\u0163e identice, \u00een perioada G2 - Metafaz\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 kinetocorul \u00een regiunea centromerului ", "4. are dou\u0103 cromatide, \u00een perioada G1 - Profaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Centrul celular:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. exist\u0103 la unele alge \u015fi la unele ciuperci inferioare ", "2. este localizat l\u00e2ng\u0103 membrana intern\u0103 a nucleului ", "3. are rol \u00een biogeneza microtubulilor ", "4. genereaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul profazei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Plasmalema celulelor procariote:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. permite membranei s\u0103 sufere deform\u0103ri ample ", "2. include proteine integrate \u0219i periferice ", "3. este \u00een contact cu o capsul\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 ", "4. \u00eempiedic\u0103 difuzia liber\u0103 a ionilor prin bistratul lipidic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La fluturele de m\u0103tase ( Bombix mori ) \u015fi la molie:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. num\u0103rul de cromozomi este acela\u015fi la ambele sexe ", "2. femelele sunt hemizigote pentru anumite gene ", "3. exist\u0103 un determinism al sexului de t ip genic ", "4. se asigur\u0103 un sex -ratio de 1: 1 \u00een popula\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Variegarea frunzelor la Mirabilis jalapa se datoreaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. plasmagenelor din spermatie ", " 2. proplastidelor oosferei ", "3. dominan\u0163ei incomplete ", "4. eredit\u0103\u0163ii matrocline " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Centriolii ,la fel ca \u0219i nucleolii:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt eviden\u021bi , microscopic, \u00een toate etapele ciclului celular ", "B. au un con\u021binut ridicat de acizi nucleici (ADN \u0219i ARN) ", "C. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een toate celulele animale care se divid ", "D. controleaz\u0103 diferite faze ale diviziunii celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Difuzia apei prin membrana celular\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este facilitat \u0103 de sc\u0103derea temperaturii mediului ", "B. depinde d e energia cinetic\u0103 a macromoleculelor ", "C. se poate realiza doar la nivelul celul ei animale ", "D. determin\u0103 procesul de osmoz\u0103 la nivel celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile, la fel ca \u0219i cloroplastele :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. au un aparat genetic de tip eucariot ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 \u201dde novo\u201d \u00een fiecare celul\u0103, ", "C. se multiplic\u0103 \u0219i se perpetueaz\u0103 prin diviziune ", "D. prezint\u0103 ADN cu regiuni heterocromatinizate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Neurofibrilele:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sunt consolidate de citoscheletul celulei nervoase ", "B. au rol de sus\u021binere \u0219i de a facilita conducereaimpulsului nervos ", "C. sunt mase compacte de proteine care se color eaz\u0103 cu coloran\u021bii bazici ", "D. sunt formate din miofilamente dispuse \u00een aranjamente hexagonale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Androsterilitatea la plante :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este utilizat\u0103 pe ntru facilitarea pro cesului de autop olenizare ", "B. face parte dintre afec\u021biunile ereditare transmise pe cale patern\u0103 ", "C. este determinat\u0103 de interac\u021biunea dintre ADN nucl ear \u0219i extranuclear ", "D. determin\u0103, formarea de indivizi homozigo\u021bi la care apareheterozisul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Componente neprotoplasmatice sunt :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. ribozomii \u0219i peretele celular primar ", "B. vacuomul \u0219i incluziunile ergastice ", "C. flagelii \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic ", "D. peretele celular secundar \u0219i dictiozomii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici recombina\u021bi pot fi identifica\u0163i la:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. \u00eenceputul profazei ", "B. sf\u00e2r\u015fitul telofazei II ", "C. sf\u00e2r\u015fitul meiozei ", "D. \u00eenceputul meiozei II " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Flagelii la eucari ote:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin proteine contractile: actina \u0219i miozina ", "B. se ancoreaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 printr -un centrozom ", "C. au \u00een structura lor 10 perechi de microtubuli ", "D. apar doar la celulele reproduc\u0103toare asexuate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Solu\u0163ia hipotonic\u0103 extracelular\u0103 din jurul unei celule animale:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. poate determina fenomenul de citoliz\u0103 ", "B. scade intensitatea procesului de osmoz\u0103 ", "C. induce sc\u0103derea turgescen\u0163ei celulare ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 difuzia activ\u0103 a apei spre celul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La masculii musculi\u0163ei de o\u0163et cromozomul Y face parte din perechea de cromozomi cu num\u0103rul:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. I ", "B. II ", "C. III ", "D. IV " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fitosterolii :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. apar\u021bin grupului de glucide ", "B. sunt gr\u0103sim i de rezerv\u0103 ", "C. precipit\u0103 sub form\u0103 de cristale ", "D. acoper\u0103 suprafa\u021ba frunzelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prin condensarea a doar dou\u0103 monoz aharide se poate forma:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. fructoza ", "B. galactoza ", "C. zaharoza ", "D. celuloza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Reducer ea num\u0103rului de cromozomi \u00een timpul meiozei se datoreaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. replica\u021biei ADN -ului dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", "B. recombin\u0103rii genetice intercromozomiale ", "C. faptului c\u0103 nu are loc clivarea centromerului ", "D. evenimentelor diviziunii din meioza II " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 un sistem de vezicule turtite numite tonoplast ", "B. con\u0163in \u00een strom\u0103 enzime, ADN, ARN, ribozomi, ioni ", "C. prezint\u0103 pe membrana extern\u0103 pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi ", "D. convertesc adenozintrifosfatul \u00een energie luminoas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Celula muscular\u0103 striat\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine miofilamente de miozin\u0103 \u00een discurile clare ", "B. dup\u0103 interfaz\u0103 intr\u0103 \u00eentr -o perioad\u0103 de odihn\u0103 scurt\u0103 -G0 ", "C. poate avea unul dintre heterozomi inclus \u00een grupa G ", "D. se poate scurta determin\u00e2nd apoi scurtarea miofibrilelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Termenul de factor eredi tar a fost \u00eenlocuit cu termenul de gen\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Sutton \u0219i Boveri ", "B. Thomas Hunt Morgan ", "C. Theodor Schwann ", "D. Johannsen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Epicantusul este caracteristic sindromului :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Patau ", "B. Klinefelter ", "C. Down ", "D. Turner " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Absen\u021ba enzimei tirozinaza determin\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. insuficient\u0103 producere de galactoz\u0103 ", "B. blocarea form\u0103rii melaninei ", "C. transformarea tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 3 ", "D. formarea tirozinei din fenilalanin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Plasmalema este:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. implicat\u0103 \u00een respira\u021bie la procariote ", "B. acoperit\u0103 de un perete rigid la hematii ", "C. permeabil\u0103 pentru moleculele hidrofile ", "D. alc\u0103tuit\u0103 dintr -un matrix membranar proteic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cenlocuirea unui segment cromozomal este :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. dele\u021bie ", "B. transloca\u021bie ", "C. adi\u021bie ", "D. duplica\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Agen\u021biialkilan\u021bi , ca factorimuta geni, determin\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. blocareasintezei bazelorazotatepurinice \u0219ipirimidinice ", "B. interac\u021biunea cu antibioticele a enzimelor implicate \u00eentranscrip\u021bie ", "C. blocareadiviziuniiprin inhib areaactivit\u0103\u021bii fusul ui de diviziune ", "D. \u00eenlocuirea grup\u0103 rii amino din bazeleazotate pirimidinice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sindromul Edwards estetrisomia:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. 18 ", "B. 13 ", "C. 21 ", "D. 15 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hemi zigo\u021bia se manifest\u0103\u00een :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. albinism la b\u0103rbat ", "B. daltonism la femei ", "C. hemofilie la b\u0103rbat ", "D. hemocromatoz\u0103 la femei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Dictiozomii:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 condriomul celular \u00een totalitatea lor ", "B. prezint\u0103 criste membranare, lamelare sau globulare ", "C. sunt vezicule aplatizate ce pot produce enzime digestive ", "D. se g\u0103sesc \u00een toate celulele procariote \u0219i eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomul:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. are dou\u0103 bra\u021be unite prin centriol ", "B. este usor de eviden\u021biat \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", "C. este bicromatidic \u00een perioada G 1 ", "D. are cromatide surori diferite genetic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Bolile X -linkate:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. se exprim\u0103 la femei doar \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 ", "B. afecteaz\u0103 metabolismul bazelor azotate ", "C. se exprim\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u021bi doar \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "D. se manifest\u0103 \u00een mod inegal la cele dou\u0103 sexe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cel care a privit pentru prima dat\u0103 la microscop o sec\u021biune prin scoar\u021ba stejaru lui de plut\u0103 a fost:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Robert Brown ", "B. Theodor Schwann ", "C. Robert Hooke ", "D. George Palade " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 ereditar\u0103 transmis \u0103 dominant este :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. forma alungit\u0103 a capului ", "B. prezen\u021ba strung\u0103re\u021bei ", "C. forma \u00eengust\u0103 a nasului ", "D. ata\u0219area lobului urechii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pinozomii sunt:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. grup\u0103ri ordonate de ribozomi ", "B. structuri ribonucleoproteice ", "C. activi \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", "D. vezicule care \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 solu\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi o rganite le despre care se poate spune c\u0103 sunt alc\u0103tuite din vezicule :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. dictiozomii ", "2. vacuolele ", "3. lizozomii ", "4. RE granular " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Dictiozomii la animale:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 sortarea \u0219i translocarea unor substan\u021be ", "2. sunt specializa\u021bi \u00een secre\u021bia unor mucilagii ", "3. au rol \u00een prelucrare a proteinelor \u0219i lipidelor ", "4. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een biogeneza peretelui celular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Oxibiontele sunt organisme care:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. au disp\u0103 rut din cauza atmosferei bogate \u00een oxigen ", "2. au nevoie de oxigen atmosferic pentru a respira ", "3. produc o cantitate mare d e oxigen prin respira\u021bie ", "4. pot con\u021bin enumeroase mitocondrii \u00een celulele lor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele spre deosebire de mitocondrii:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. au membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", "2. sunt organite complexe ", "3. con\u021bin molecule de ADN \u0219i ARN ", "4. prezint\u0103 membrane tilacoidale energizante " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Citoscheletul:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. este alc\u0103tuit din proteine fibrilare ", "2. asigur\u0103 arhitectura celulei procariote ", "3. particip\u0103 la realizarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor celulei ", "4. rezult\u0103 prin plierea membranei celulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. este mai frecvent \u00eentre gene situate \u00een loci afla\u021bi la distan\u021b\u0103 mai mare ", "2. determi n\u0103 producerea unor tipuri noi d egame\u021bi la eucariote ", "3. are loc \u00een meioza I dar poate avea loc \u0219i \u00een diviziunea mitotic\u0103 ", "4. reprezint\u0103 transfer egal de gene \u00eentre cromozomii neomologi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Microtubuli con\u021bin:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. centrozomii bacteriilor ", "2. centriolii hepatoci telor ", "3. flagelii procariotelor ", "4. cilii e ucariotelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Gutaperca:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. este un tip de incluziune ergastic\u0103 ", "2. face parte dintre produ\u0219ii metabolici celulari ", "3. este o substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 precum cauciucul ", "4. face parte din categoria substan\u021belor anorganice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen heterozomii unui b \u0103rbat cu compleme nt cromozomial normal exist\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. doi loci pentru alelele hemofiliei ", "2. gene cu importan\u021b\u0103 vital\u0103 pentru om ", "3. un locus pentru gena anemiei falciforme ", "4. gene cu rol \u00een determinarea distribu\u021biei perilor pe falange " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prin metoda studiului gemenilor monozigo\u021bi:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. se poate determina car acterul ereditar al debilit\u0103\u021bii mintale ", "2. se stabile\u0219te efectul consangviniz\u0103rii pentru homozigotarea genelor ", "3. se poate determina caracterul neereditar al tuberculozei ", "4. se analizeaz\u0103 ascenden\u021ba de -a lungul mai multor genera\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La finalul proceselor telofazice au loc :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. plasmodiereza ", "2. diviziunea citoplasmei ", "3. citochineza ", "4. dublarea volumului celular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromoplastele contribuie l a:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. polenizarea florilor ", "2. diseminarea fructelor ", "3. r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea semin\u021belor ", "4. depozitarea substan\u021belor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Peretele celular primar este :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. sub\u021bire \u0219i str\u0103b\u0103tut de plasmodesme ", "2. mai rigid dec\u00e2t cel secundar ", "3. elastic \u0219i cu pori numi\u021bi punctua\u021biuni ", "4. mai compact dec\u00e2t cel secundar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fagocitoza are loc la :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. protozoare ", "2. mixomicete ", "3. leucocite ", "4. macrofage " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza S se sintetizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. acid dezohiribonucleic ", "2. tubulinele fusului de diviziune ", "3. proteine histonice ", "4. acid adenozintrifosforic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tipul Abra xas de determinism cromozomal al sexelor:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. presupune diferen\u021be morfologice \u00eentre cromozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe ", "2. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin sex ul femel het erogametic ", "3. se manifest\u0103 la nevertebrate , amfibieni, reptile \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "4. presupune diferen\u021be numerice \u00eentre cromozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Poliploizii au:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. un num\u0103r multiplicat de cromozomi ", "2. nuclei, celule \u0219i organe mai mari ", "3. rezisten\u021b\u0103 mai mare la \u0219ocuri termice sau la salinitatea mediului ", "4. sintez\u0103 sporit\u0103 de substan\u021be datorit\u0103 num\u0103rului cres cut de gene din acela\u0219i exemplar " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mutantele petite ale coloniilor de drojdie de bere:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. au defici en\u021be respiratorii ", "2. sintetizeaz\u0103 particule kappa ", "3. sunt lipsite de o serie de enzime mitocondriale ", "4. apar din cauza unor muta\u021bii \u00een genele nucleare ale celulelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Linkage -ul :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 legile mendeliene ale eredit\u0103\u021bii se respect\u0103 pentru transmiterea genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i ", "2. se poate eviden\u021bia pentru genele care sunt plasate linear \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", "3. este o tez\u0103 a t eoriei cromozomale a eredit\u0103\u021bii care se refer\u0103 la schimbul reciproc de gene \u00eentre cromozomii pereche ", "4. demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii cel ulare cromozomii se comport\u0103 ca structuri unitare \u0219i stabile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u0218oarecii g\u0103lbui sunt \u00eento tdeauna heterozigo\u021bi din cauza :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. caracterului letal al genelor dominante pentru culoare ", "2. mortalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219oarecilor homozigo\u021bi cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 nen\u0103scu\u021bi ", "3. unui tip special de interac\u021biune \u00eentre alelele pentru culoarea bl\u0103nii ", "4. homozigot\u0103rii genelor recesive pentru culoare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Glicoliza anaerob\u0103 este un proces:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. enzimatic ", "2. respirator ", "3. de descompunere ", "4. mitocondrial " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile la fel ca \u0219i reticulul endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. au rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor organice ", "2. pot fi considerate endosimbion\u021bi celulari ", "3. intervin \u00een procesele metabolice celulare ", "4. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een ovulele mamfierelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ADN -ul este:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. monocatenar circular la procariote ", "2. bicatenar circular \u00een cloroplaste ", "3. bicatenar lini ar \u00een mitocondrii ", "4. bicatenar \u00een celulele eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hialoplasma celulei eucariote:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. din punct de vedere chimic este un sistem coloidal ", "2. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel \u00een semin\u021bele negerminate ", "3. la nivelul e i se descompun aerob substan\u021be organice ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol \u00een celulele cu metabolism intens " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen albinism lipsesc pigmen\u021bii melanici din:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. piele ", "2. iris ", "3. p\u0103r ", "4. din\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Maladii monogenice dominante sunt:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. fenilcetonuria ", "2. hemeralopia ", "3. distrofia muscular\u0103 ", "4. brahidactilia " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. game\u021bilor diploizi ", "2. indivizilor aneuploizi ", "3. indivizilor poliploizi ", "4. game\u021bilor haploizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "In sindromul \u201d cri du chat \u201d indivizii se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. microcefalie ", "2. retard mintal sever ", "3. malforma\u021bii ale laringelui ", "4. \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een cre\u0219tere " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prin clivare se divid:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. toate drojdiile ", "2. unele celule eucariote ", "3. toate bacteriile ", "4. unele alge verzi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ereditatea \u0219i variabilitatea:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00eensu\u0219iri fundamentale ale lumii vii ", "2. se manifest\u0103 \u00een procesul reproducerii organismelor ", "3. sunt studiate de c\u0103tre disciplina numit\u0103 genetic\u0103 ", "4. asigur\u0103 transmiterea caracterelor cu mare fidelitate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromoplastele:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt organite celulare specifice tuturor celulel or ", "B. convertesc energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie luminoas\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 tilacoide acoperite cu pigmen\u021bi clorofi lieni ", "D. con\u021bin pigmen\u021bi galbeni, ro\u0219ii \u0219i portocalii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Centrozomul:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este format din nou\u0103 grupuri de c\u00e2te trei tubuli ne ", "B. contribuie la translocarea cromozomilor prin fib rele sale polare ", "C. este un organit specific tuturor celulelor anima le care se divid ", "D. sufer\u0103 remanieri majore \u0219i se autoreplic\u0103 \u00een cit okinez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "ADN-ul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 regiuni condensate de heterocromatin\u0103 ", "B. replica\u021bia lui este dependent\u0103 de ADNcp ", "C. este responsabil de sinteza moleculelor de ATP ", "D. contracareaz\u0103 bine efectele factorilor de mediu " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Conform legilor mendeliene:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. perechile de factori ereditari segreg\u0103 dependent unele de altele ", "B. factorii ereditari mendelieni (genele) se afl\u0103 \u00ee n cromozomi ", "C. toate caracterele se transmit prin intermediul f actorilor ereditari ", "D. un caracter este datorat interac\u021biunilor dintre genele alele \u0219i nealele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Nucleolii:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. au un con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de acizi nucleici (ADN \u0219i ARN) ", "B. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele eucariote \u015fi procariot e ", "C. realizeaz\u0103 biogeneza ribozomilor \u00een timpul inter fazei ", "D. sunt eviden\u021bi de-a lungul perioadei diviziunii c elulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. consolideaz\u0103 re\u021beaua de fibre care formeaz\u0103 cito scheletul ", "B. regleaz\u0103 nivelul ionilor de calciu \u00een celula mus cular\u0103 ", "C. particip\u0103 la sinteza enzimelor derivate din ster oizi ", "D. este mai dezvoltat \u00een celulele cu metabolism mai pu\u0163in intens " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Factorii implica\u021bi \u00een ini\u021bierea, alungirea \u0219i \u00een cheierea catenei polipeptidice sunt localiza\u021bi la nivelul:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. dictiozomilor ", "B. ribozomilor ", "C. nucleosomilor ", "D. nucleolilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Difuzia la nivelul membranei celulare:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. este inhibat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea energiei cinetice a m oleculelor ", "B. utilizeaz\u0103 energia convertit\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103turi macroe rgice ", "C. este facilitat\u0103 de dimensiunile mici ale molecul elor ", "D. permite transferul microorganismelor \u0219i a altor particule " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Glicocalixul este :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. capsula celulei eucariote ", "B. format din proteine \u015fi fosfolipide ", "C. mucusul din capsula celular\u0103 ", "D. situat la periferia unor celule procariote " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Corpusculii Nissl:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se coloreaz\u0103 cu coloran\u0163i acizi ", "B. sunt constitui\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi ", "C. con\u021bin ADN \u0219i proteine ", "D. au func\u021bii metabolice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Citoliza poate s\u0103 fie o consecin\u021b\u0103 a:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. turgescen\u021bei ", "B. exocitozei ", "C. osmozei ", "D. fagocitozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Transformarea apei \u00een peroxizi, cu efecte nociv e asupra materialului genetic este efectul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. radia\u021biilor ultraviolete ", "B. agen\u021bilor alkilan\u021bi ", "C. radia\u021biilor ionizante ", "D. colchicinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Apari\u021bia unor mutante manifestate la femelele v iermilor de m\u0103tase prin apari\u021bia pe corp a pete negre este consecin\u021ba:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. erorilor de replica\u021bie ", "B. \u00eemperecherilor de tip TG, GT, TT ", "C. tranzac\u021biilor de tip AT-GC ", "D. rupturilor cromozomiale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Heterocromatina este :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. regiunea mai lax\u0103 a cromatinei ", "B. segmentul de ADN \u00een curs de copiere ", "C. regiunea din ADN care se coloreaz\u0103 mai intens ", "D. zona din ADN cu instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza prot einelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Unii hormoni apar\u021bin grupului de:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. fosfolipide ", "B. trigliceride ", "C. steroizi ", "D. ceruri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Flagelii eucariotelor:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. au o structur\u0103 diferit\u0103 de a cililor ", "B. sunt forma\u021bi din nou\u0103 grupuri de c\u00e2te dou\u0103 miofi brile ", "C. se ancoreaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 printr-un centrozom ", "D. prezint\u0103 blefaroplast \u015fi r\u0103d\u0103cini " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen anafaza I cromozomii:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. sunt monocromatidici \u015fi recombina\u0163i ", "B. se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de profaza I ", "C. cliveaz\u0103 longitudinal ca \u0219i cei din anafaza II ", "D. sunt bicromatidici \u0219i se deplaseaz\u0103 spre polii c elulei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La masculii musculi\u0163ei de o\u0163et cromozomii Y apa r\u021bin perechii de cromozomi cu num\u0103rul:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. III ", "B. II ", "C. I ", "D. IV " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Celulele procariote spre deosebire de cele euc ariote:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. pot s\u0103 con\u0163in\u0103 chitin\u0103 \u00een peretele celular ", "B. au nucleotidul nedelimitat de o membran\u0103 ", "C. con\u0163in organite ata\u015fate de reticulul endoplasmat ic ", "D. au un poten\u0163ial metabolic superior " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "ADN-ul:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", "B. con\u021bine citozin\u0103, uracil, guanin\u0103 \u0219i timin\u0103 ", "C. este alc\u0103tuit din dezoxiriboz\u0103 \u015fi trei radicali fosfat ", "D. \u00een celulele eucariote conecteaz\u0103 nucleosomii \u00eent re ei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cianobacteriile \u015fi algele ro\u015fii au urm\u0103toarele caractere structurale comune:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in pigmen\u0163i proteici: ficoeritrina \u015fi ficoci anina ", "B. realizeaz\u0103 procesul de fotosintez\u0103 ", "C. sunt celule eucariote ", "D. con\u0163in rodoplaste " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Peretele celular:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine murein\u0103 la fungi \u015fi bacterii ", "B. include glicocalixul la celulele procariote ", "C. formeaz\u0103 o lamel\u0103 mijlocie de natur\u0103 celulozic\u0103 ", "D. este traversat de cordoane plasmatice, la plante " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Con\u0163in enzime:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. mezozomii ", "B. cromozomii ", "C. centrozomii ", "D. dictiozomii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "ADN-ul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este transmis la eucariote prin intermediul plas midelor ", "B. poate determina, prin muta\u021bii, neuropatia optic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 la om ", "C. induce sterilizarea feminin\u0103- androsterilitatea ", "D. altereaz\u0103 fotosinteza la colonii ale drojdiei de bere " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sindromul Edwards este:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. o maladie structural heterozomal\u0103 ", "B. consecin\u0163a unei aneuploidii autozomale ", "C. cea mai frecvent\u0103 trisomie la b\u0103rba\u021bi ", "D. non-disjunc\u0163ia perechii 13 de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. con\u0163ine gene vitale \u015fi absen\u0163a ei este incompati bil\u0103 cu via\u0163a ", "B. indic\u0103 o maladie genic\u0103 heterozomal\u0103 care afecte z\u0103 sexul masculin ", "C. provine prin heterocromatinizarea unui cromozom X la sexul feminin ", "D. este un mecanism de reglaj genetic al genelor de pe autozomi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Prognatismul este :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. o enzimopatie autozomal\u0103 recesiv\u0103 ", "B. determinat de o gen\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", "C. o maladie numeric cromozomial\u0103 ", "D. caracterizat prin \u00eengro\u015farea buzei superioare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la holoprote ine:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. fosfoproteinele sunt caracteristice plantelor ", "B. cheratinele asigur\u0103 transparen\u021ba corpului vitros ", "C. cromoproteinele dau culoare caracteristic\u0103 s\u00e2nge lui ", "D. gluteinele se g\u0103sesc \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een semin\u021b ele cerealelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Specie alopoliploid\u0103 este:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Allium cepa ", "B. Triticum monoccocum ", "C. Aegilops speltoides ", "D. Triticum aestivum " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de crossing-over are loc \u00eentre cromoz omii:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. interfazici ", "B. procario\u021bi ", "C. neomologi ", "D. bivalen\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. sunt structuri prezente \u00een toate celulele eucari ote ", "2. au un material genetic asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu al bacterii lor ", "3. sunt organite cu membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 \u015fi citoplasm\u0103 ", "4. transmit anumite caractere prin ereditate matroc lin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Boli determinate de muta\u0163ii ale unor gene de pe heterozomi sunt:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. diabetul \u015fi albinismul ", "2. miopatia Duchenne ", "3. anemia falciform\u0103 ", "4. hemofilia \u015fi daltonismul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Tipul Drosophila de determinare a sexului este caracteristic :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. mamiferelor ", "2. hameiului ", "3. dipterelor ", "4. reptilelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Melanina:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. protejeaz\u0103 organismele prin ecranarea razelor UV ", "2. este un pigment care formeaz\u0103 incluziuni ergasti ce ", "3. se depoziteaz\u0103 \u00een celule din piele, ochi etc. ", "4. formeaz\u0103 depozite de substan\u0163e anorganice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sindactilia este provocat\u0103 de o muta\u0163ie:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. de tip aneuploid ", "2. genic\u0103 autozomal\u0103 ", "3. genic\u0103 heterozomal\u0103 ", "4. a unei gene dominante " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Legat de genomul uman normal:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. cromozomul Y con\u0163ine gene de importan\u0163\u0103 vital\u0103 ", "2. b\u0103rba\u0163ii au doi heterozomi identici \u00een pereche ", "3. celulele diploide au 44 perechi de autozomi \u015fi d oi heterozomi ", "4. la femei, unul din cei doi cromozomi X este inac tivat genetic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Polizaharide sunt :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. glucoza \u015fi fructoza ", "2. celuloza \u015fi chitina ", "3. galactoza \u015fi zaharoza ", "4. glicogenul \u015fi amidonul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Meioza spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. duce la formarea celulelor reproduc\u0103toare sexuat e la animale ", "2. este precedat\u0103 de o perioad\u0103 a ciclului celular numit\u0103 interfaz\u0103 ", "3. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea unor celule reproduc\u0103 toare haploide ", "4. este caracteristic\u0103 majorit\u0103\u0163ii celulelor diploi de eucariote " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Mezozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. este prezent la eucariote ", "2. are rol \u00een procesul respirator ", "3. provine din peretele celular ", "4. ancoreaz\u0103 molecula de ADN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Poliploidia:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. apare la animale din grupul pe\u015ftilor \u015fi amfibien ilor ", "2. este foarte frecvent\u0103 la plantele din \u0163inuturile polare ", "3. poate fi eviden\u0163iat\u0103 la specii de nevertebrate ", "4. provoac\u0103 sindroame viabile la om " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Tilacoidele:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. prin suprapunere formeaz\u0103 grane ", "2. sunt membrane fotosintetizatoare la cianobacteri i ", "3. caracterizeaz\u0103 cloroplastele eucariotelor ", "4. sunt membrane nonenergizante " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u00een:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. profaza II ", "2. anafaza II ", "3. metafaza II ", "4. telofaz\u0103 II " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen interfaz\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. au loc procese intense de sintez\u0103 ", "2. se produc enzime necesare replic\u0103rii ADN ", "3. se formeaz\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ", "4. are loc procesul de crossing-over " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile con\u0163in:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. tilacoide ", "2. tubuli ", "3. pigmen\u0163i ", "4. ribozomi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Lizozomii:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. con\u0163in enzime digestive inactive \u00eentr-un mediu a lcalin ", "2. se g\u0103sesc \u00een cel mai mare num\u0103r \u00een globulele ro\u015f ii ", "3. au rol \u00een procesele de autofagie \u015fi heterofagie celular\u0103 ", "4. sunt delimita\u0163i de membrane duble \u015fi rezistente enzimatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Citosolul celulelor eucariote:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 curen\u0163i citoplasmatici ", "2. se g\u0103se\u015fte permanent \u00een stare de sol ", "3. \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 microtubuli citoscheletali ", "4. este sediul etapei aerobe a respira\u0163iei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia/afirma\u0163iile corect\u0103/e:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. mutanta eyeless la Drosophila melanogaster are doar \u015fapte cromozomi ", "2. modificarea ordinii genelor \u00een cromozomi, la euc ariote, poate fi asociat\u0103 cu o muta\u0163ie ", "3. \u201e genele s\u0103ritoare \u201d se pot desprinde dintr-un cromozom \u015fi apoi se pot insera \u00een alt cromozom ", "4. absen\u0163a ochilor la musculi\u0163a de o\u0163et este determ inat\u0103 de absen\u0163a genelor pentru culoarea ochilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Gr\u00e2ul cultivat:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. este un amfiploid natural ", "2. are 2n=14 cromozomi ", "3. este un hibrid poliploid ", "4. are 2n=8x=56 cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Degener\u0103ri ale sistemului nervos apar \u00een:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. boala Huntington ", "2. miopatia Duchenne ", "3. maladia Alzheimer ", "4. anemia falciform\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic se diferen \u0163iaz\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. tubuli dispu\u015fi \u00een re\u0163ea ", "2. cisterne ramificate ", "3. vezicule puternic aplatizate ", "4. pliuri sub form\u0103 de criste " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Necesit\u0103 consum de energie:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. citoza ", "2. citoliza ", "3. pinocitoza ", "4. osmoza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Respira\u0163ia \u015fi fotosinteza au urm\u0103toarele caract eristici comune:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. realizeaz\u0103 oxidarea substan\u0163elor organice ", "2. transform\u0103 energia \u00een ATP ", "3. sunt specifice celulelor eucariote ", "4. se realizeaz\u0103 in compartimente delimitate de mem brane duble " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Dictiozomii au urm\u0103toarele roluri:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sinteza polizaharidelor ", "2. producerea secre\u0163iilor celulare ", "3. prelucrarea proteinelor \u015fi lipidelor ", "4. secre\u0163ia de mucilagii la fungi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Gene letale au fost identificate la:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. crapii oglind\u0103 ", "2. oile Karakul brum\u0103rii ", "3. porumbul albinotic ", "4. \u015foarecii galbeni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Drosophila melanogaster prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri de mutante:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. lipsa ochilor-eyeless ", "2. ochi reniformi ", "3. aripi curbate-curly ", "4. ochii ro\u015fii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Determinismul genetic de tip Abraxas se \u00eent\u00e2lne \u015fte la:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Bombix mori la care masculul este ZZ ", "2. l\u0103custe la care femela este XO ", "3. p\u0103s\u0103ri la care femela este ZW ", "4. molie la care masculul este XO " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Conversia genic\u0103 este:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. recombinare genetic\u0103 nereciproc\u0103 ", "2. un transfer unidirectional de gene \u00eentre cromozo mii omologi ", "3. \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la genul Neurospora la fel ca \u015fi ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", "4. rezultatul unei meioze \u00een dou\u0103 etape " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul meiozei I:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. cromozomii dintr-o pereche se orienteaz\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2 mplare spre un pol sau altul ", "2. se produce separarea cromozomilor perechi din te trade ", "3. se realizeaz\u0103 recombinarea genetic\u0103 intracromozo mal\u0103 \u0219i intercromozomal\u0103 ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 celule fiice haploide cu cromozomi m onocromatidici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Semidominan\u0163a a fost identificat\u0103 la:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Mirabilis jalapa ", "2. specii de porumb ", "3. Antirrhinum sp. ", "4. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Y al b\u0103rbatului cuprinde gene pentru :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. prezen\u021ba perilor pe falangele m\u00e2inilor ", "2. capacitatea de coagulare a s\u00e2ngelui ", "3. formarea perilor pe marginea urechii ", "4. atrofierea ireversibil\u0103 a musculaturii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Atingerea st\u0103rii de t urgescen\u0163 \u0103 poate presupune :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. proc esul de pierdere a apei intracelulare prin difuzie ", "B. cre\u0219terea volumului celul ei aflate \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie hipertonic\u0103 ", "C. m\u0103rirea volumului celulei vegetale plasat\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103 distilat\u0103 ", "D. eliminarea apei din tr-o celul\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. reticulul endoplasmatic neted desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 sinteza proteinelor ", "B. mitocondriile con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime, ADN, ARN \u0219i ribozomi ", "C. lizozomii realizeaz\u0103 procesul de exocitoz\u0103 la nivelul tonoplastului ", "D. ribozomii sunt forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi identice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Membrana celu lar\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. este o re\u021bea complex\u0103 de fibre glucidice ", "B. delimiteaz\u0103 toate organitele citoplasmatice ", "C. con\u021bine polizaharidul murein\u0103 la procariote ", "D. are \u00een structura sa glicoproteine, proteine , lipide " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen vederea r educer ii la jum\u0103tate a garniturii diploide de cromozomi este ne cesar\u0103 :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. recombin area genetic \u0103 interc romozomal \u0103 ", "B. replica \u021bia ARN -ului dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", "C. dispuner ea cromozomilor \u00een tetrade la nivelul pl \u0103cii ecuatoriale ", "D. separ area cromatidelor surori de c\u0103tre fibrele kinetocorale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomi bicromatidici pot fi eviden\u021bia\u021bi \u00een timpul :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. perioadei G 0 a ciclului celular ", "B. interfazei dintre meioza I \u0219i II ", "C. citokinezei consecutive telofazei II ", "D. form\u0103rii celulei ou " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Miopatia Duchenne:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. este determinat\u0103 de o aneuploidie heterozomal\u0103 ", "B. poate determina moartea indivizilor \u00eenaint e de v\u00e2rsta de 20 ani ", "C. este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de distrofie cardiac\u0103 ", "D. afecteaz\u0103 fetele , cu o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1/3500 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Heterocromatina :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. corespund e segmentelor de ADN utilizate \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", "B. se coloreaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens dec\u00e2t regiunile de eucromatin \u0103 ", "C. repr ezint\u0103 o regiune r\u0103sucit\u0103 \u0219i mai dens\u0103 a cromatin ei ", "D. este o regiune lax\u0103 a cromatine i dintre zonele mai r\u0103sucite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Centriolii \u0219i nucleoli i sunt structuri :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. cu activitate intens\u0103 \u00een cariochinez\u0103 ", "B. prezen te \u00een interfaza celul ei animal e ", "C. delimita te prin membran e celular e ", "D. mai eviden te \u00een timpul diviziunii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromoplastele \u015fi leucoplastele:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 \u201dde novo\u201d \u00een celulele vegetale ", "B. prezint\u0103 tilacoide acoperite cu pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi ", "C. utilizeaz\u0103 energia luminoas\u0103 pentru sinteze organice ", "D. pot exista \u00een celulele dif eritelor organe subterane ale plantelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Consangvinizarea:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. caracterizeaz\u0103 popula\u021biile umane din comunit\u0103\u0163i mari ", "B. poate determina homozigotarea genelor recesive ", "C. este implicat\u0103 \u00een cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei unor caractere neereditare ", "D. induce fenomenul de heterozis \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu a doua genera\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Corpusculii Nissl:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. consolideaz\u0103 citoscheletul neuronului ", "B. se coloreaz\u0103 puternic cu coloran\u021bi bazici ", "C. sunt forma\u021bi din proteine structurale \u0219i ATP ", "D. intervin \u00een transmiterea impulsului nervos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Deriv\u0103 din centrioli:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. proteinele globu lare \u03bb \u0219i \u03b2 ", "B. tubulinele centrale ale cililor ", "C. corpuscul ul bazal al flagelilor ", "D. fibrele intermediare ale citoscheletului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Deficien\u021ba enzimei hepatice fenilalanin -hidroxilaza este caracteristic\u0103 :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. albinismului ", "B. fenilcetonuriei ", "C. hemoglobinopatiilor ", "D. galactozemiei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Iperita este:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. agent alkilant ", "B. antibiotic ", "C. analog al bazelor azotate ", "D. acridin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103 lipse\u0219te la femeile care sunt afectate de:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. sindromul Turner ", "B. triplo -X ", "C. boala Huntigton ", "D. sindromul Down " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cauza s indromul ui \u201dcri-du-ch\u00e2t \u201deste o muta\u021bie cromozomal\u0103 de tip:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. transloca\u021bie ", "B. inversie ", "C. dele\u021bie ", "D. duplica\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este caracter recesiv :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. forma rotund\u0103 a capului ", "B. prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", "C. unirea unor degete ", "D. lobul ata\u0219at al urechii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Afectarea metabolismului mineral apare \u00een :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. hipercolesterolemi e ", "B. hematocromatoz \u0103 ", "C. talasemi e ", "D. albin ism " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "ADN -ul cloroplastic:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 dependent de materialul genetic nuclear ", "B. este mai constant, \u00een timp, dec\u00e2t ADN -ul mitocondrial ", "C. este prezent \u00een toate celulele eucariote \u015fi are form\u0103 linear\u0103 ", "D. determin\u0103 desenul foliar al plantelor de trifoi alb " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen carioti pul uman normal al celulei somatice :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. perechea 12 de cromozomi face parte din grupa D ", "B. grupa E cuprinde cromozomi cu sateli\u0163i pe bra\u021bul scurt ", "C. num\u0103rul de cromozomi submetacentrici din grupa B este 4 ", "D. grupele A, C, E, F cuprind doar cromozomi metacentrici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nucl eolul spre deosebire de nucleoid:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este materialul genetic al celulei procariote ", "B. prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 la periferie ", "C. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 \u00een profaza mitozei ", "D. fabric\u0103 ribozomi \u00een celulele procariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre Drosophila melanogaster se pot afirma urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. la mascul, procesul de crossing - over se poate realiza \u00eentre toate genele din heterozomi ", "B. genele care determin\u0103 culoarea ochilor sunt plasate pe o singur\u0103 pereche de cromozomi ", "C. lipsa ochilor la unele musculi\u0163e este legat \u0103 de absen\u0163a unui cromozom din perec hea II ", "D. fenomenul de linkage se manifest\u0103 , de regul\u0103, pentru genele plasate pe aceea\u0219i cromatid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este o restructurare cu frecven\u021b\u0103 dubl\u0103 la fete fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi dele\u021bia :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. unui segment din bra\u021bul cromozomului 1 ", "B. par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al unui cromozom din p erechea a 5 -a ", "C. unui fragment din cromozomul X ", "D. par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt al cromozomului 4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Segregarea de tip Zea:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este un tip mendelian de segregare ", "B. a fost descoperit\u0103 de c\u0103tre Carl Correns ", "C. se manifest\u0103 la descenden\u021bii homozigo\u021bi din F1 \u0219i F2 ", "D. s-a eviden\u021biat \u00een determinismul culorii florilor de maz\u0103re " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt componente neprotoplasmatice:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. reticulul endoplasmatic \u015fi ribozomii ", "B. vacuole le \u0219i cristale le de oxalat de calciu ", "C. plasmalema \u0219i peretele celular ", "D. flagelii \u0219i neurofibrilele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Plasmodesmele:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. leag\u0103 plasmalema de pere\u0163ii celulari ", "B. con\u0163in reticul endoplasmatic ", "C. reprezint\u0103 punctua\u0163iunile pere\u0163ilor celulari ", "D. asigur\u0103 leg\u0103turile intracelulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile con\u0163in:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. condriozomi \u00een matrix ", "B. enzime hidrolitice cu rol fagocitar ", "C. enzime oxidoreduc\u0103toare \u00een oxizomi ", "D. pinozomi form a\u0163i prin endocitoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul de genotipuri posibile la descenden\u0163ii unei specii cu 2n=8 ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii intercromozomale este:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. 16 ", "B. 64 ", "C. 256 ", "D. 128 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul telofazei I spre deosebire de telofaza II :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. au loc sinteze intense de proteine \u0219i ADN ", "B. se refac filamentele bicromatidice de cromatin\u0103 ", "C. \u00eencep procesele de citokinez \u0103 a celulelor binucleate ", "D. se formeaz\u0103 celule haploide cu cromozomi bicromatidici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomii monocromatidici exist\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. G0 \u0219i telofaza II ", "B. G1 \u0219i profaza I I ", "C. faza S \u0219i anafaza I ", "D. G2 \u0219i metafaza I " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Y la om este:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. acrocentric cu sateli\u0163i ", "2. identificabil prin tehnici de bandare ", "3. subtelocentric f\u0103r\u0103 sateli\u021bi ", "4. identificabil prin amniocentez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt maladii determinate de gene recesive:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. polidactilia \u015fi prognatismul ", "2. albinismul ", "3. distrofia muscular \u0103 \u015fi sindactilia ", "4. daltonismul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Muta\u0163iile:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sunt o consecin\u0163\u0103 a crossing -over -lui ", "2. pot determina apari\u0163ia monosomiilor autozomale ", "3. sunt o modificare programat\u0103 \u00een structura acizilor nucleici ", "4. reprezint\u0103 schimb\u0103ri \u00een succesiunea nucleotidelor ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii de laborator, s tatmochineza poate fi indus\u0103 de :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. colchicin\u0103 ", "2. Lindan ", "3. agen\u0163i alkilanti ", "4. acidul nitros " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Muta\u0163iile genomice de tip poliploid sunt mai frecvente la:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. animalele nevertebrate dec\u00e2t la vertebrate ", "2. plantele montane dec\u00e2t la cele de c\u00e2mpie ", "3. pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfibieni fa\u021b\u0103 de mamifere ", "4. plante fa\u021b\u0103 de animalele vertebrate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Regimul alimentar poate reduce manifest\u0103rile u rm\u0103toarel or boli genetice :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. fenilcetonuria ", "2. scorbutul ", "3. hiperlipoproteinemia ", "4. hemofilia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierile corecte referitoare la organite le comune cu rolul acestora:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. mitocondrii - respira\u0163ia celular\u0103 ", "2. neurofibrile -transmiterea influxului nervos ", "3. lizozomi - digestia intracelular\u0103 ", "4. cloroplaste - procesul de fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Organite specifice unor celule sunt :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. miofibrilele ", "2. neurofibrilele ", "3. corpus culii Nissl ", "4. cloroplastele " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Incluziuni ergastice de natur\u0103 organic\u0103 sunt:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. r\u0103\u0219inile ", "2. inulina ", "3. gutaperca ", "4. taninurile " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ribozomii prezint \u0103 urm \u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. intervin \u00een sinteza proteinelor ", "2. sunt alc\u0103tui\u0163i din ADN, ARN, proteine ", "3. formeaz\u0103 poliso mii cu rol \u00een sinteza lipidelor ", "4. sunt lipsi\u021bi de membran\u0103 celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber se transmite:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. mendelian ", "2. dominant ", "3. sex-linkat ", "4. matroclin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt constituite din aminoacizi \u0219i grup\u0103ri neproteice:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. cazeina ", "2. lactalbumina ", "3. hemoglobina ", "4. keratina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cat\u00e2rul spr e deosebire de bardou:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. are 2n=63 cromozomi ", "2. provine din \u00eencruci\u0219area iepei cu m\u0103garul ", "3. este un hibrid viabil dar steril ", "4. are talie \u0219i putere de trac\u021biune diferit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Peretele celular secundar, spre deosebire de cel primar:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este mai compact \u0219i prezint\u0103 un grad m ai mare de rigiditate ", "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u021bierea citoplasmei la periferia celulei ", "3. poate con\u021bine lignine, cerine, suberine, cutine etc. ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziunea mitotic\u0103 a celulei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Linkage -ul:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. are loc \u00een diviziunea cariochinetic\u0103 ", "2. determin\u0103 recombinarea cromozo milor ", "3. implic\u0103 genele din acela\u0219i cromozom ", "4. este surs\u0103 de variabilitate genetic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sex feminin heterogametic prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Mus minutoides minutoides ", "2. Zea mays ", "3. Bryonia dioica ", "4. Bombyx mori " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile la fel ca \u0219i reticulul endoplasma tic:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. pot fi considerate endosimbion\u021bi celulari ", "2. au rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor organice ", "3. sunt \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een ovulele mam iferelor ", "4. intervin \u00een procesele metabolice celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. aneuploizilor ", "2. gam e\u021bilor diploizi ", "3. celulelor haploide ", "4. poliploizilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cariotipul unei persoane cu sindromul Klinefelter se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. 14 autozomi din grupa C ", "2. trei cromozomi acrocentrici din grupa D ", "3. prezen\u021ba unor heterozomi omologi ", "4. \u0219ase cromozomi metacentrici din gr upa A " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen celulele ciupercilor :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. suberina asigur\u0103 formarea unui perete secundar ", "2. glicogenul este substan\u021ba organic\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 ", "3. fosfolipide le formeaz\u0103 un bistrat cu miez ul hidrofil ", "4. chitina este un polizaharid din peretele celular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Triticum Aestivum este un:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. amfiploid ", "2. poliploid ", "3. hexaploid ", "4. alopoliploid " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Heterozisul se manifest\u0103 la to\u0163i descenden\u0163ii:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. homozigo\u0163i recesivi din genera\u021bia F1 ", "2. din F2 rezulta\u0163i prin monohibridare ", "3. cu orice combina\u0163ie genotipic\u0103 ", "4. primei genera\u0163ii hibride " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Proteine contractile con\u021bin:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. corpii Nissl ", "2. centriolii ", "3. neurofibrilele ", "4. miofibrilele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen meioz\u0103 spre deosebire de mitoz\u0103:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u00een profaz\u0103 ", "2. centromerii se divid de dou\u0103 ori ", "3. ADN -ul se replic \u0103 \u00een faza S a interfazei ", "4. materialul genetic se \u00eemparte de dou\u0103 ori " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Plasmagene pot con\u021bin e:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. mitocondriile ", "2. cloroplastele ", "3. drojdiile ", "4. paramecii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi din celulele animale spre deosebire de cel din celulele vegetale este :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. responsabil de producerea secre\u021biilor celulare ", "2. format din cisterne care genereaz\u0103 micro \u0219i macrovezicule ", "3. impli cat \u00een biogeneza substan\u021belor protidice \u0219i lipidice ", "4. reprezentat, de regul\u0103, de un singur ansamblu de saci aplatiza\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele din ovul determin \u0103 mozaicarea frunzelor la:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. gura - leului ", "2. porumb ", "3. primula ", "4. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Un individ cu grup sanguin A spr e deosebire de unul cu grup sanguin AB poate :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. da na\u0219tere unui copil homozigot recesiv ", "2. dezvolt a un fenotip diferit \u00een func\u021bie de genotipul s\u0103u ", "3. avea un genotip homozigot sau unul heterozigot ", "4. da na\u0219tere unui copil cu grup sanguin ap\u0103rut prin codominan\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Miof ibrilele din celulele musculare striate:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. sunt mai sub\u021biri \u00een discurile \u00eentunecate dec\u00e2t cele clare ", "2. con\u021bin dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente proteice contractile ", "3. sunt independente unele de altele \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de plasmalem\u0103 ", "4. au un aranjament hexagonal al fibrelor elemen tare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pigmen\u021bi din organitele cu rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 sunt :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. xantofile le, \u00een feoplaste ", "2. clorofila a \u0219i c, la algele brune ", "3. ficobiline le, \u00een rodoplaste ", "4. clorofila a \u0219i d, la algele ro\u0219ii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mezozomul:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. provine prin invaginarea plasmalemei unor procariote ", "B. are un rol esential \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103 ", "C. produce substan\u021be organice prin reac\u021bii de hidroliz\u0103 ", "D. asigur\u0103 suport pentru ribozomii de tip procariot " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Proteinele histonice:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. sunt imunoproteine din structura fibrelor de cromatin \u0103 ", "B. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu acizi nucleici form\u00e2nd nucleopro teine ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea cariolimfei, partea solid\u0103 a nu cleului ", "D. sunt proteine transmembranare care au rol de recepto ri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen metafaza I:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. cromozomii materni sunt orienta\u0163i, de regul\u0103, spre ac ela\u015fi pol al celulei ", "B. tetradele sunt dispuse \u00een dou\u0103 pl\u0103ci \u00een zona ecuatoria l\u0103 a celulei ", "C. cromozomii neomologi se leag\u0103 \u00eentre ei \u00een anumite zo ne cromatidice ", "D. bivalen\u021bii sunt ata\u0219a\u021bi de fire ale fusului de diviziu ne la nivelul centromerilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Enzimele pot fi:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. substan\u0163e chimice de natur\u0103 glucidic\u0103 sau proteic\u0103 ", "B. produse prin activitatea reticulului endoplasmatic ne ted ", "C. utilizate de celul\u0103 ca surs\u0103 de energie pentru pompe ", "D. implicate \u00een reac\u021bii chimice desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een hialoplas m\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin fap tul c\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. au granule tubulare pe suprafa\u021ba membranei interne ", "B. sunt organite delimitate de o singur\u0103 membran\u0103 ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea tuturor celulelor vegetale euca riote ", "D. con\u021bin, \u00een strom\u0103, factori implica\u021bi \u00een replicarea ADN-ului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Schimburile de ioni \u00eentre celul\u0103 \u015fi mediul extracel ular se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. canale ionice, de exemplu transportul activ ", "B. difuziunea ionilor printre fosfolipidele plasmalemei ", "C. pompe transmembranare, cu consum de energie ", "D. pinocitarea ionilor situa\u021bi \u00een interiorul celulei an imale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele fiice rezultate \u00een urma:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. amitozei prin clivare sunt inegale \u0219i dezechilibrate genetic ", "B. etapei reduc\u021bionale sunt celule reproduc\u0103toare asexu ate ", "C. mitozei au nucleul identic cu cel din perioada presi ntetic\u0103 ", "D. etapei ecva\u021bionale meiotice se numesc spori, la anima le " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cromoplastele din Lycopersicum esculentum :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. sunt numeroase \u0219i au nucleul situat central ", "B. au form\u0103 sferic\u0103 \u0219i culoare ro\u0219ie-portocalie ", "C. sunt plastide care con\u021bin carotine \u0219i xantofile ", "D. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een pulpa r\u0103d\u0103cinii tuberizate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Supradominan\u021ba:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. a fost eviden\u021biat\u0103 de C. Correns la plantele de Zea mays ", "B. constituie baza genetic\u0103 a fenomenului heterozis ", "C. poate fi explicat\u0103 ca o adaptare anatomic\u0103 la mediu ", "D. este prezent\u0103 la liniile consangvinizate ale musculi \u021bei de o\u021bet " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Talasemia major\u0103 ca \u0219i anemia falciform\u0103 se caracte rizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. blocarea sintezei catenei \u03b2 din structura hemoglobine i ", "B. transportul insuficient de O 2, fiind deci o form\u0103 de anemie ", "C. \u00eenlocuirea acidului glutamic cu valina \u00een pozi\u021bia 6 a catenei \u03b2 ", "D. afectarea enzimelor implicate \u00een sinteza unei hetero proteine " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Factorii mutageni chimici:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. cu rol alkilant pot fi reprezenta\u021bi de colchicin\u0103 \u0219i 2-aminopurin\u0103 ", "B. blocheaz\u0103 formarea fusului de diviziune \u2013 cofeina, \u00ee n cantit\u0103\u021bi mici ", "C. cum ar fi acidul nitric, poate determina dezaminare a citozinei ", "D. pot provoca erori de replicare a ADN-ului, de exemp lu iperita " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. femelele au to\u021bi cromozomii identici, fiind sexul ho mogametic ", "B. masculii au \u00een perechea I cromozomi cu form\u0103 de bast ona\u0219 fr\u00e2nt ", "C. cromozomii politeni sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een unele celule al e larvelor ", "D. prin experimente test cross s-a eviden\u021biat dominan\u021ba de tip Zea " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. intracromozomal\u0103 este caracteristic\u0103 profazei I din c elula bacterian\u0103 ", "B. intercromozomal\u0103 conduce la formarea unor cromozomi recombina\u021bi ", "C. nereciproc\u0103 poate determina ca o gen\u0103 s\u0103 fie \u00een dou\u0103 exemplare \u00eentr-un cromozom ", "D. prin conversie genic\u0103 este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la mu\u0219chi din gen ul Neurospora " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sindromul Edwards ca \u0219i sindromul Patau se caracter izeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba a trei cromozomi din categoria celor hete rosomali ", "B. o frecven\u021b\u0103 mai mare \u00een popula\u021bie dec\u00e2t cea a trisom iei 21 ", "C. dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt \u00een cazul unui aut ozom ", "D. un cromozom \u00een plus, care duce la afectarea sistemului nervos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Corpusculul Barr este:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. un heterozom heterocromatinizat la sexul homogametic uman ", "B. \u00een dublu exemplar la b\u0103rba\u021bii cu sindrom \u201ddublu mascu l\u201d ", "C. prezent \u00een nucleul interfazic al unui b\u0103rbat cu sind rom Down ", "D. folosit pentru determinarea sexului f\u0103tului \u0219i a unor boli autozomale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 se \u00eencruci\u015feaz\u0103 dou\u0103 organisme cu genotipul AA BBCC, respectiv AaBbCc, \u00een F1 se ob\u0163in organisme de tipul AABBCC \u00een propor\u0163ie de:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. 1/8 ", "B. 1/2 ", "C. 1/16 ", "D. 1/64 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre ribozomi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. au rol \u00een sinteza de lipide membranare ", "B. se pot grupa \u00een structuri circulare - polizomi ", "C. sunt de tip procariot, \u00een mitocondrii \u0219i cloroplaste ", "D. prezint\u0103 un singur tip de proteine specifice \u0219i ARNr " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la muta\u021biile care se exprim\u0103 la heterozigo\u021bi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. talasemia - Plasmodium falciparum ", "B. melanism industrial - Biston betularia ", "C. albinism - regina Victoria ", "D. prognatism \u2013 familia imperial\u0103 Habsburgic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Persoanele cu sindrom Down spre deosebire de cele c u sindrom Klinefelter:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. au trei cromozomi acrocentrici ", "B. prezint\u0103 o muta\u021bie de tip aneuploid ", "C. pot fi lipsite de corpuscul Barr ", "D. provin din ovule de tip (n+ X) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Se transmit dominant autozomal:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. brahidactilia, dolicocefalia, polidactilia ", "B. nasul lung, p\u0103rul drept, prezen\u021ba pistruilor ", "C. brahicefalia, sindactilia, strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", "D. prezen\u021ba pistruilor, cecitatea cromatic\u0103, p\u0103rul c\u00e2rl ion\u021bat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre rolul organitelor celulare:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. mitocondria genereaz\u0103 ATP prin fotoliz\u0103 ", "B. reticulul rugos asigur\u0103 sinteza hormonilor steroizi ", "C. rodoplastele con\u021bin ficobiline, clorofil\u0103 a \u0219i b ", "D. dictiozomii transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een glicoproteine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre ciclul celular este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. include \u0219i statmochineza, \u00een cazul celulelor vegetale ", "B. \u00een interchinez\u0103 se amplific\u0103 num\u0103rul mitocondriilor ", "C. plasmodiereza este sincron\u0103 cu citochineza ", "D. \u00een perioada G2 se sintetizeaz\u0103 ARN-polimeraze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Reticulul endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine tubuli anastomoza\u021bi cu aspect granular ", "B. este bine dezvoltat \u00een globulele ro\u0219ii ", "C. de tip neted prezint\u0103 polizomi ", "D. este implicat \u00een sinteza de citomembrane " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Vacuolele fungilor:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. sunt delimitate de un \u00eenveli\u0219 dublu ", "B. con\u021bin polimeraze \u00een sucul vacuolar ", "C. au rol \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 ", "D. ocup\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 60% din spa\u021biul celular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nucleul:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este mai pu\u021bin refringent dec\u00e2t citosolul ", "B. con\u021bine particule ribonucleoproteice ", "C. are pori prin care poate fi exportat ADN \u00een citosol ", "D. poate avea unul sau mai mul\u021bi nucleoizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Interfaza celulelor mamiferelor:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. dureaz\u0103, \u00een medie, \u00eentre 12 \u0219i 48 de ore ", "B. parcurge etapele G1\u2192G2\u2192S\u2192M\u2192G1 ", "C. include producerea de ADN-polimeraze ", "D. ocup\u0103, de regul\u0103, 80% din ciclul celular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen anafaza I:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. are loc clivarea centromerului bivalen\u021bilor ", "B. fibrele kinetocorale se scurteaz\u0103 treptat ", "C. grupele de bivalen\u021bi migreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre polii celulei ", "D. cromatidele surori ale cromozomilor sunt identice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 glucide prin fixarea O 2 \u0219i CO 2 ", "B. prezint\u0103 ADN necomplexat cu histone ", "C. au pigmen\u021bi asimilatori, ca \u0219i leucoplastele ", "D. con\u021bin ribozomi identici cu cei din citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Flagelul propriu-zis are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. este \u00eenvelit la exterior de teac\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een axonem\u0103 9 perechi de microtubuli ", "C. se continu\u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile, pentru ancorare ", "D. este coordonat de o structur\u0103 cu 9 triplete de tubuli " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Se \u00eemperecheaz\u0103 o femel\u0103 de iepure cu blan\u0103 neagr\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103r scurt cu un mascul alb cu p\u0103r lung. 25% dintre pui vor avea blan\u0103 neagr\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103r scurt, iar 25% blan\u0103 alb\u0103 cu p\u0103r lung. To\u021bi str\u0103mo\u0219ii masculului au fost albi cu p\u0103r lung. Alege\u021bi varian ta corect\u0103 dintre r\u0103spunsurile date:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. p\u0103rul alb este determinat de gene dominante ", "B. femela este heterozigot\u0103 pentru ambele caractere ", "C. puii cu p\u0103r lung mo\u0219tenesc caracterul dominant de la tat\u0103 ", "D. masculul este dublu homozigot pentru caracterele domi nante " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Membranele tilacoidale spre deosebire de celelalte citomembrane:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. au \u00een alc\u0103tuire dou\u0103 straturi de fosfolipide, \u00een car e \u00eent\u00e2lnim proteine ", "2. sunt invagin\u0103ri ale unei membrane care este \u00een contac t cu hialoplasma ", "3. au rol \u00een procesele chimice caracteristice ciclului K rebs \u0219i fosforil\u0103rii oxidative ", "4. con\u021bin substan\u021be implicate \u00een convertirea energiei lu minoase \u00een energie chimic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Meioza:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een celulele somatice din alc\u0103tuirea org anismelor procariote ", "2. asigur\u0103 recombinarea genetic\u0103 intracromozomal\u0103 \u0219i int ercromozomal\u0103 ", "3. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea unor celule care con\u021bin p erechi de cromozomi ", "4. face parte dintr-un ciclu celular care cuprinde o i nterfaz\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i una scurt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La eucariote cromozomii:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. metafazici au \u00een alc\u0103tuire dou\u0103 fibre de cromatin\u0103 condensate ", "2. profazici au un singur centromer sau constric\u021bie secu ndar\u0103 ", "3. anafazici sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 32 \u00een cazul unei celule d e Allium cepa ", "4. telofazici migreaz\u0103 spre zonele polare unde se vor d espiraliza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mitocondria este implicat\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. sinteza unor proteine care vor fi apoi prelucrate la nivelul dictiozomilor ", "2. eliberarea energiei din acidul piruvic \u0219i apoi depoz itarea ei \u00een leg\u0103turi chimice ", "3. fosforilarea acidului adenozin-difosforic sub ac\u021biunea enzimelor din tilacoide ", "4. ereditatea matroclin\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 de exemplu la gaster opodul acvatic Limnaea sp. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Gene autozomale recesive pot determina urm\u0103toarele boli:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. daltonismul \u0219i fenilcetonuria ", "2. cretinismul gu\u0219ogen \u0219i sindromul Patau ", "3. talasemia major\u0103 \u0219i miopatia Duchenne ", "4. anemia falciform\u0103 \u0219i albinismul Page 5 of 12 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Organitele celulare specifice se caracterizeaz\u0103 pri n:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. corpusculii Nissl con\u021bin ARN \u0219i proteine \u0219i se coloreaz\u0103 cu coloran\u021bi acizi ", "2. cilii \u0219i flagelii con\u021bin triplete de microtubuli \u00een corpusculul bazal ", "3. miofibrilele groase au \u00een alc\u0103tuire miozin\u0103, troponi n\u0103 \u0219i tropomiozin\u0103 ", "4. cloroplastele con\u021bin ADN pentru sinteza unor proteine structurale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre mitoz\u0103 sunt valabile urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. \u00een profaz\u0103 se dezorganizeaz\u0103 partea cea mai dens\u0103 a nucleului ", "2. \u00een interchinez\u0103 are loc sinteza replicativ\u0103 a ADN-ul ui ", "3. pe parcursul telofazei au loc \u0219i procesele plasmodier ezei ", "4. cromozomii bicromatidici au o grosime maxim\u0103 de 700 nm " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Plasmagenele pot s\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. fac\u0103 parte din macromolecule de ADN care au form\u0103 c ircular\u0103 ", "2. controleze cre\u0219terea talului la ciuperca Neurospora crassa ", "3. aib\u0103 origine procariot\u0103 la Paramoecium aurelia ", "4. fie transmise de la iap\u0103 la cat\u00e2r prin intermediul o osferei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. genice pot conduce la formarea unui num\u0103r mare de a lele ", "2. punctiforme \u00een catena \u03b1 conduc la apari\u021bia hemoglob inei HbS ", "3. genomice pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 prin multiplicarea num\u0103rului d e baz\u0103 ( x) ", "4. cromozomale sunt consecin\u021ba rearanj\u0103rii nucleotidelor din gene " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Aneuploidia:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 frecvent la plantele din regiunile po lare ", "2. poate fi consecin\u021ba varia\u021biilor bru\u0219te de temperatur\u0103 ", "3. are ca rezultat formarea unor game\u021bi echilibra\u021bi ge netic ", "4. afecteaz\u0103 doar anumite perechi de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul determinismului genetic al grupelor sangvi ne:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. grupa O este rezultatul a dou\u0103 gene recesive plasate \u00ee n acela\u0219i cromozom ", "2. grupa A poate avea fenotipul homozigot LALA sau heterozigot L Al ", "3. grupa B este determinat\u0103 de dou\u0103 gene dominante \u0219i un a recesiv\u0103 ", "4. grupa AB prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 gene dominante \u00een rela\u021bie de codominan\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster sunt corecte afirma\u021biile:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. genele pentru culoarea gri/negru \u0219i aripa normal\u0103/ve stigial\u0103 sunt linkate ", "2. experimentul de eviden\u021biere a crossing-over-ului inc lude un backcross ", "3. recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 la organismele homozi gote nu are efecte fenotipice ", "4. modul de dispunere al bivalen\u021bilor \u00een zona ecuatoria l\u0103 duce la 2 8 variante de game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Replicarea:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 transformarea cromozomilor monocromatidici \u00een bicromatidici ", "2. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 dup\u0103 perioada presintetic\u0103 a interfazei ", "3. const\u0103 \u00een formarea a dou\u0103 molecule de ADN pornind de la o molecul\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 ", "4. constituie func\u021bia autocatalitic\u0103 a materialului gen etic reprezentat de ADN " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Trisomia 21 ca \u0219i sindromul Klinefelter:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. apare \u00een urma cre\u0219terii num\u0103rului unor cromozomi met acentrici ", "2. are drept consecin\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103derea fertilit\u0103\u021bii b\u0103rba\u021bilo r ", "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin malforma\u021bii cardiace \u0219i gastro- intestinale ", "4. apare \u00een urma nondisjunc\u021biei unor cromozomi \u00een meio z\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia cromozomal\u0103 poate afecta/determina:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. bra\u021bul scurt al unui cromozom 5 determin\u00e2nd microcef alie ", "2. deform\u0103ri ale degetelor de la nivelul membrelor inf erioare ", "3. par\u021bial bra\u021bul lung al unui cromozom din perechea 1 ", "4. malforma\u021bii ale fe\u021bei \u00een cazul afect\u0103rii cromozomil or 1 \u0219i 5 Page 6 of 12 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42) \u2013 alopoliploid natural ", "2. Aegilops speltoides (2n=2x=16) \u2013 amfiploid steril ", "3. Triticale (2n=8x=56) \u2013 amfiploid artificial ", "4. Secale cereale (2n=4x=28) \u2013 autopoliploid natural " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Persoanele cu structura genetic\u0103 HbAHbS:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. manifest\u0103 o maladie ereditar\u0103 X-linkat\u0103 ", "2. au \u00een eritrocite 60 % hemoglobin\u0103 normal\u0103 ", "3. sunt rezistente la Plasmodium caudatum ", "4. pot muri \u00een condi\u021bii de rarefiere a oxigenului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Aleurona:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se poate acumula \u00een vacuole ", "2. este rezultatul metabolismului celular ", "3. se poate prezenta sub form\u0103 de granule ", "4. este un pigment sintetizat \u00een dictiozomi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. talasemia major este o hemoglobinopatie ", "2. neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber are determinism genetic nuc lear ", "3. hiperlipemia idiopatic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o gen\u0103 recesi v\u0103 ", "4. hemocromatoza se datoreaz\u0103 unei dele\u021bii heterozomale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. include trei grupe cu cromozomi acrocentrici ", "2. a fost stabilit prin bandarea cromozomilor anafazici ", "3. include cromozomi cu sateli\u021bi \u00een grupele D \u0219i B ", "4. cuprinde \u00een cadrul grupei C perechile 6 -12 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La Drosophila melanogaster , cromozomii:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. din perechea I sunt omologi la ambele sexe ", "2. politeni sunt rezultatul replic\u0103rii profazice a crom atidelor ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 crossing-over, cu excep\u021bia perechii III ", "4. din perechea II con\u021bin un locus pentru lungimea ante nelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Se manifest\u0103, de regul\u0103, la v\u00e2rste \u00eenaintate \u0219i afe cteaz\u0103 sistemul nervos:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. cretinismul sporadic cu gu\u0219\u0103 ", "2. boala Duchenne ", "3. sindromul Edwards ", "4. boala Huntington " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Liniile homozigote:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. produc un singur tip de game\u021bi ", "2. nu segreg\u0103 \u00een urma autoreproducerii ", "3. sunt linii consangvinizate ", "4. nu pot realiza crossing-over " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Prin crossing-over:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. nu se pierde informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ", "2. rezult\u0103 cromozomi cu gene de la ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi ", "3. se diversific\u0103 genotipic \u0219i fenotipic organismele ", "4. se realizeaz\u0103 schimbul de gene \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Plasmagenele din organite sunt implicate \u00een transmi terea ereditar\u0103 a:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. caracterului albinotic la plante ", "2. degener\u0103rii nervului optic, la om ", "3. varieg\u0103rii frunzelor, la Mirabilis jalapa ", "4. sensibilitatea crescut\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de CO 2, la Drosophila Page 7 of 12 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul procesului de linkage cromozomii:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. se comport\u0103 ca structuri stabile ", "2. nu segreg\u0103 independent ", "3. \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 integritatea structural\u0103 ", "4. transmit \u00een bloc ambele alele ale unei gene " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 un fragment din epiderma superioar\u0103 a bulbului de ceap\u0103 este plasat\u0103 \u00eentr-o solu\u021bie apoas\u0103 de NaCl, hipertonic\u0103:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. volumul vacuolelor cre\u0219te ca urmare a difuziei apei ", "2. presiunea de turgescen\u021b\u0103 exercitat\u0103 de vacuol\u0103 cre\u0219te ", "3. apa p\u0103trunde \u00een celul\u0103 prin procesul de osmoz\u0103 ", "4. protoplastul se desprinde treptat de peretele celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Transpozonii:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca factori mutageni ", "2. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din ADN sau ARN ", "3. sunt elemente genetice mobile ", "4. sunt \u201dgene s\u0103ritoare\u201d specifice virusurilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt poliploizi:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Triticum aestivum ", "2. bananierul ", "3. Triticale ", "4. Aegilops squarosa " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen profaza mitozei \u0219i meiozei I:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. \u00eenveli\u0219ul nucleolar se dezorganizeaz\u0103 ", "2. celula parental\u0103 con\u021bine o cantitate 2C de ADN ", "3. la fiecare pol al celulei exist\u0103 c\u00e2te un centriol ", "4. cromozomii omologi se spiralizeaz\u0103 progresiv " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 poate determina:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sinteza de paramecin\u0103 la procariote ", "B. androsterilitatea feminin\u0103 la porumb ", "C. existen\u021ba unor hibrizi intraspecifici nereciproci ", "D. rezisten\u021ba la streptomicin\u0103 a unor bacterii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Provin din reticulul endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. vacuomul ", "B. lizozomii ", "C. condriomul ", "D. oxizomii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Difuzia facilitat\u0103, spre deosebire de difuzie:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consum de energie ", "B. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eempotriva gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", "C. are loc \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", "D. necesit\u0103 proteine transportoare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. are loc \u00een profaza etapei reduc\u021b ionale a meiozei ", "B. presupune un schimb reciproc de gene \u00eentre bivalen\u021bi ", "C. are loc prin segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de cromozomi ", "D. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een anafaza etapei ecva\u021bionale a meiozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Crossing -overul se deosebe\u0219te de linkage prin:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. disjunc\u021bia independe nt\u0103 a perechilor de cromozomi ", "B. modul de transmitere al genelor localizate \u00een perechi diferite de cromozomi ", "C. apari\u021bia organismelor recombinate \u00een a doua genera\u021bie hibrid\u0103 ", "D. formarea chiasmelor \u00eentre cromatidele surori cu schimb nereciproc de gene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Fenilcetonuria este determinat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", "B. acumulare de acid fenilpiruvic \u00een articula\u021bii ", "C. deficien\u021ba enzimei fenilalaninhidroxilaza ", "D. blocarea transform\u0103rii tirozinei \u00een tiroxin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioada G2 a interfazei are loc sinteza:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. glucidelor implicate \u00een transcrip\u021bie ", "B. proteinelor fusului de diviziune ", "C. enzimelor implicate \u00een replica\u021bie ", "D. tubulinelor \u0219i ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Persoanele cu anemie falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. sunt sensibile la agentul patogen Plasmodium falciparum ", "B. prezint\u0103 \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 gena pentru aceast\u0103 maladie ", "C. au o frecven\u021b\u0103 mai redus\u0103 \u00een popula\u021bia afectat\u0103 de malarie ", "D. prezint\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2ngele lor 60% hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Triticum aestivum este o specie:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. alopoliploid\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din \u00eencruci\u0219area a trei specii \u00eenrudite ", "B. amfiploi d\u0103 natural\u0103 cu 7 cromozomi \u00een game\u021bi ", "C. hexaploid\u0103 rezultat\u0103 din \u00eencruci\u0219area a dou\u0103 specii diploide ", "D. autopoliplod\u0103 artificial\u0103, cu 21 cromozomi \u00een game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "ADN -ul cloroplastic, spre deosebire de ADN -ul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. codific\u0103 enzime implicate \u00een lan\u021bul respirator ", "B. este mai constant \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een cantitate mai mare ", "C. se transmite ereditar nonmendelian ", "D. este un cromozom de form\u0103 circular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Structur\u0103 prezent\u0103 at\u00e2t la celulele vegetale, c\u00e2t \u0219i la cele procariote este:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. cromoplastul ", "B. centrozomul ", "C. peretele celular ", "D. dictiozomul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma experimentelor pe Drosophila melanogaster , Thomas Morgan a ar\u0103tat c\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. genele plasate \u00een cromozomi diferi\u021bi segreg\u0103 ", "B. game\u0163ii sunt puri din punct de vedere genetic ", "C. genele se pot transmite \u00eenl\u0103n\u0163uit (linkage) ", "D. ADN-ul este substratul chimic a l eredit\u0103\u0163ii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. apare \u00een nucleul metafazic al meiozei ", "B. este un cromozom care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 activ ", "C. reprezint\u0103 un mecanism de reglaj genetic ", "D. este prezent\u0103 la un b\u0103rbat s\u0103n\u0103tos " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Homozigotarea genelor recesive:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 doar la descenden\u021ba de sex feminin ", "B. poate fi monitorizat\u0103 prin studiul familiilor consangvine ", "C. cauzeaz\u0103 maladii X -linkate la b\u0103rba\u021bii cu heterozomi XY ", "D. apare \u00een urma abera\u0163iilor structural -cromozomale la om " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i asocirea corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Sindrom Turner \u2013 2n=45, XY ", "B. Sindrom Klinefelter \u2013 2n=46, XXY ", "C. Sindrom Down \u2013 2n+1=47 (21 -21-21) ", "D. Trisomia X (triplo -X) \u2013 2n=47, XXY " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Genele letale :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 determin\u0103 moartea embrionului ", "B. modific\u0103 raportul de segregare mendelian ", "C. \u00een F1 dau un raport de segregare fenotipic\u0103 de 1:2:1 ", "D. pot fi numai homozigote dominante " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Genele alele:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. sunt situate \u00een acela\u0219i locus pe cromozomii neomologi ", "B. afecteaz\u0103 acela\u0219i caracter al organismului ", "C. devin gene letale \u00een stare heterozigot\u0103 ", "D. ocup\u0103 locusuri diferite pe cromozomii omologi \u00een serii polial ele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Prin diviziunea meiotic\u0103 a unei celule cu 2n=12 cromozomi, \u00een placa metafazic\u0103 a tuturor celulelor aflate \u00een etapa ecva\u0163ional\u0103 vor fi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. 10 cromozomi bicromatidici ", "B. 12 cromozomi monocromatidici ", "C. 24 cromozomi monocromatidici ", "D. 12 cromozomi bicromatidici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Nucleosomii:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. intr\u0103 \u00een structura nucleoidului ", "B. au \u00een alc\u0103tuire proteine histonice ", "C. sunt forma\u0163i numai din ADN ", "D. sunt conecta\u0163i prin segmente de ARN " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Func\u021bie specific\u0103 a reticulului endoplasmatic din celula muscular\u0103 este:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. \u00eentinderea \u00eentre membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i c ea nuclear\u0103 ", "B. rolul \u00een detoxifierea substan\u021belor nocive ", "C. reglarea nivelului ionilor de calciu ", "D. sinteza hormonilor steroizi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Apa:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. traverseaz\u0103 membrana prin capilaritate trec\u00e2nd dintr -o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 \u00een cea concentrat\u0103 ", "B. este solvent pentru substan\u021be anorganice \u0219 i organice datorit\u0103 labilit\u0103\u021bii leg\u0103turilor intermoleculare ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia citosolului, fiind mai abundent\u0103 \u00een solu\u021bia \u00een stare de gel ", "D. constituie peste 50% din masa tuturor organelor vegetale \u0219i mediul de reac\u021bie din " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Clorofila:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. este localizat\u0103 numai \u00een cloroplast, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een captarea luminii ", "B. este o cromoprotein\u0103, av\u00e2nd ca grupare neproteic\u0103 un pigment anorganic ", "C. poate participa la fotosintez\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ficocianina \u0219i ficoeritrina ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 sinteza substan\u021belor organice \u0219i eliberarea de CO 2 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Celula \u00een G1, spre deosebire de cea aflat\u0103 \u00een G2:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. are dimensiuni mai mari ", "B. prezint\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ", "C. se afl\u0103 \u00eentr -o etap\u0103 metabolic\u0103 ", "D. con\u021bine mai multe nucleotide libere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. radia\u021biile ionizante \u2013 eliminarea bazelor azotate purinice din acizii nucleici ", "B. fenolii \u2013 modific\u0103ri cromozomale ereditare \u00een celulele plantelor ", "C. antibioticele \u2013 transformarea apei \u00een peroxizi cu efect nociv asupra ADN ", "D. agen\u021bii alchilan\u021bi \u2013 blocarea fusului de diviziune " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen tran smiterea ereditar\u0103 a caracterelor la Zea mays poate fi eviden\u021biat\u0103 urm\u0103toarea abatere de la legile lui Mendel:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. semidominan\u021ba, c\u00e2nd din \u00eencruci\u0219area unei variet\u0103\u021bi care are boabe galbene cu una care are boabe violet rezult\u0103 50% plante cu boabe violet ", "B. genel e letale, c\u00e2nd determin\u0103 apari\u021bia unor indivizi homozigo\u021bi albinotici dintre care foarte pu\u021bini supravie\u021buiesc ", "C. poliploidia, c\u00e2nd apar hibrizi cu caracteristici somatice, reproductive \u0219i adaptative superioare ", "D. dihibridarea, c\u00e2nd perechile de factori ereditari segreg\u0103 independent fa\u021b\u0103 de alte " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Un parameci cu genotipul kk:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine genele alele K, k \u00een ADN -ul mitocondrial ", "B. este sensibil la paramecina produs\u0103 de indivizii homozigo\u021bi dominan\u021bi ", "C. produce paramecin\u0103 care este leta l\u0103 pentru toate tipurile de parameci ", "D. devine sensibil dac\u0103 cedeaz\u0103 o parte din particulele kappa prin conjugare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o celul\u0103 cu 2n=16 aflat\u0103 \u00een anafaza I a meiozei exist\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. 108 microtubuli \u00een structura tuturor centriolilor ", "B. 64 de cromatide \u00een alc\u0103tuirea c romozomilor ", "C. 8 filamente kinetocorale \u00een alc\u0103tuirea fusului ", "D. 16 cromozomi monocromatidici ce migreaz\u0103 spre poli " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Citokineza \u00een celulele animale presupune:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. unirea peretelui celular cu membrana ", "B. formarea unei pl\u0103ci celulare dispus\u0103 la ecuatorul celulei ", "C. apari\u021bi a unui \u0219an\u021b de clivare \u00een mijlocul celulei ", "D. separarea celor doi nuclei prin fragmentarea membranei nucleare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 celula mam\u0103 ini\u0163ial\u0103 are 18 cromozomi, \u00een placa ecuatorial\u0103 a metafazei I se vor dispune :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. dou\u0103 tetrade ", "B. patru tetrade ", "C. \u015fase tetrade ", "D. nou\u0103 tetrade " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Hialoplasma celul elor eucariote:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. din punct de vedere chimic este un sistem coloidal ", "B. din semin\u021bele care germineaz\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel ", "C. din ficat descompune aerob substan\u021bele organice ", "D. din celulele cu metabolism intens se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Amitoza se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te la :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. alge verzi, de ex. Pleurococcus ", "2. bacterii, de ex. Escherichia ", "3. ciliate, de ex. Paramoecium ", "4. eucariote, de ex. Allium " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen ciclul de dezvoltare al organismelor:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. haplofaza este dominant\u0103 la plantele superioare ", "2. sporofi tul este genera\u021bia asexuat\u0103 ", "3. diplofaza este redus\u0103 la organismele animale ", "4. gametofitul este genera\u021bia sexuat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 incluziuni ergastice de natur\u0103 organic\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. r\u0103\u0219inile ", "2. pectatul de calciu ", "3. taninurile ", "4. dioxidul de siliciu " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Flagelii \u0219i centrozomul pot fi prezen\u021bi la unele specii de:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. protozoare ", "2. alge ", "3. ciuperci ", "4. plante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite au rol \u00een sinteza de lipide:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. aparatul Golgi ", "2. mitocondriile ", "3. centriolii ", "4. reticulul endoplasmatic neted " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Pseudopodele pot fi prezente la:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. amoebe ", "2. plasmodii ", "3. leucocite ", "4. hematii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Cromozomii politeni ai larvelor musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ", "2. au aproximativ 1180 \u00b5m lungime ", "3. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele tractului intestinal ", "4. provin prin clivarea succesiv\u0103 a cromatidelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sindromul Patau este o anomalie numeric\u0103 a unor cromozomi:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. acrocentrici ", "2. scur\u021bi de tip submetacentric ", "3. cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", "4. metacentrici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Gemenii monozigo\u021bi:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. provin din acela\u0219i zigot ", "2. au acela\u0219i genotip ", "3. prezint\u0103 placent\u0103 comun\u0103 ", "4. pot avea sexe dif erite " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Gena pentru cecitatea cromatic\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 o maladie autozomal\u0103 ", "2. se manifest\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "3. determin\u0103 o maladie dominant\u0103 ", "4. se manifest\u0103 \u00een stare hemizigot\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Poligenia, spre deosebire de polialelie:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 manifestarea unor caractere e reditare cantitative ", "2. determin\u0103 varia\u021bii ale aceluia\u0219i caracter la diferi\u021bi indivizi ", "3. presupune interac\u021biunea mai multor gene nealele ", "4. este determinat\u0103 de gene care ocup\u0103 acela\u0219i locus \u00een cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Probabilitatea ca un gamet s\u0103 fie identic cu altul la Drosophila melanogaster este de:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. 2n ", "2. (1/2)4 ", "3. 24 ", "4. (1/2)n " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen profaza mitotic\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. se organizeaz\u0103 filamentele fusului de diviziune ", "2. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 membrana nuclear\u0103 \u015fi nucleolii ", "3. se condenseaz\u0103 cromatina form\u00e2nd cromozomii ", "4. are loc recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre crossing -over putem afirma:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este un schimb de gene \u00eentre cromozomii neomologi ", "2. prin recombinare rezult\u0103 cromozomi \u201cmozaica\u0163i\u201d ", "3. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een profaza I a diviziunii celulare mitotice ", "4. reprezint\u0103 un proces de recombinare intracromozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. permit degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a acidului piruvic ", "2. prezint\u0103 oxizomi pe membranele interne ", "3. con\u0163in \u00een matrix un amestec complex de enzime ", "4. realizeaz\u0103 reducerea substan\u0163elor organice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Compu\u015fii organici:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. se depoziteaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een leucoplaste ", "2. sunt form a\u0163i \u00een stroma cloroplastelor ", "3. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea membranelor celulare ", "4. se produc \u015fi \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintezei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "ADN -ul este:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. monocatenar liniar la procariote ", "2. bicatenar circular \u00een cloroplaste ", "3. bicatenar liniar \u00een mitocondrii ", "4. bicatenar \u00een celu lele eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Preciza\u0163i varianta corect\u0103 privind cantitatea de ADN indicat\u0103 de simboluri:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. \u201c2C ADN\u201d, restabilit\u0103 prin fecunda\u0163ie ", "2. \u201cn, 1C\u201d, pentru ovule \u0219i spermatozoizi ", "3. \u201c1C + 1C = 2C ADN\u201d, pentru zigotul diploid ", "4. \u201cn + n = 2n\u201d, pentru game\u0163ii musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Plasmagenele determin\u0103 apari\u021bia:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. androsterilit\u0103\u021bii la plante ", "2. frunzelor mozaicate la gura -leului ", "3. parasexualit\u0103\u021bii la bacterii ", "4. mutantelor \u201cpetite\u201d la drojdii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Turgescen\u0163a unei celule:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. este determinat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei intracelulare ", "2. este consecin\u021ba procesului de plasmoliz\u0103 ", "3. se opune absorb\u0163iei apei de c\u0103tre celula vegetal\u0103 ", "4. determin\u0103 desprinderea protoplastului de peretele celular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt roluri ale substan\u021belor minerale din celule:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. regleaz\u0103 presiunea osmotic\u0103 \u0219i v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei ", "2. contribuie la permeabilitatea membranelor ", "3. favorizeaz\u0103 activitatea unor enzime \u0219i hormoni ", "4. sunt produ\u0219i de asimila\u021bie \u00een celula vegetal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Descoperiri importante \u00een domeniul biologiei, recompensate cu premiul Nobel, au fost:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. mecanismul respira\u021biei celulare \u2013 M. Calvin, 1953 ", "2. grupele de s\u00e2nge la om \u2013 K. Landsteiner, 1930 ", "3. mecanismul fotosintezei \u2013 H. Krebs, 1961 ", "4. structura ADN \u2013 J. Watson, F. Crick, M. Wilkins, 1962 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "At\u00e2t m itocondriile c\u00e2t \u0219i cloroplastele:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 membrane energizante, cu rol \u00een conversia e nergiei ", "2. con\u021bin ADN care se replic\u0103 independent de cel nuclear ", "3. se multiplic\u0103 \u0219i se perpetueaz\u0103 prin diviziune asigur\u00e2nd continuitatea genetic\u0103 ", "4. elibereaz\u0103 gaze care sunt utilizate ca materie prim\u0103 \u00een procesul de hr\u0103nire " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dublarea num\u0103rului de cromozomi d intr-o celul\u0103 se poate realiza:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul metafazei mitotice ", "2. \u00een etapa S a interfazei ", "3. \u00een urma expunerii la Lindan ", "4. la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul metafazei I meiotice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Recombinarea genetic\u0103:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. intracromozomial\u0103 conduce \u00eentotdeauna la variabilitate genetic\u0103 ", "2. nereciproc\u0103 are loc la ciuperci din genul Aspergillus \u0219i Neurospora ", "3. intercromozomial\u0103 conduce la 2n tipuri de descenden\u021bi posibili ", "4. intercromozomial\u0103 are loc \u00een etapa heterotipic\u0103 a meiozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Nucleolii:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bin ribonucleoproteine ", "3. sunt dezorganiza\u021bi \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "4. produc particule ribozomale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Proteinele din membrana celular\u0103 \u00eendeplinesc urm\u0103toarele roluri:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. primesc informa\u021bii din mediu ", "2. catalizeaz\u0103 diferite reac\u021bii chimice ", "3. recunosc celule de acela\u0219i tip ", "4. transmit semn ale spre interiorul celulei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Ribozomii:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. sunt organite prezente \u00een celula procariot\u0103 \u0219i eucariot\u0103 ", "2. au dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi care prind \u00eentre ele ARN -ul mesager ", "3. au rol \u00een formarea leg\u0103turilor peptidice \u00eentre aminoacizi ", "4. se pot grupa \u00een polizomi pe membrana R.E. " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen dihibridarea mendelian\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. procentul indivizilor cu fenotip identic cu al genitorului homozigot dominant cre\u0219te \u00een ", "2. ereditatea de tip Pisum determin\u0103 apari\u021bia unor heterozigo\u021bi care manifest\u0103 caracterele dominante ", "3. genitorii dublu hete rozigo\u021bi produc descenden\u021bi dublu homozigo\u021bi \u00een procent de 12,5% ", "4. segregarea fiec\u0103rei perechi de caractere \u00een F 2 se face \u00een raport de 3:1 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia/afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. pompa de Na+/K+ transport\u0103 activ Na+ la exteriorul celulei eucariote ", "2. prin exocit oz\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 fagozomi care diger\u0103 particule solide ", "3. pinozomii rezult\u0103 prin \u00eencorporarea unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", "4. prin endocitoz\u0103 p\u0103trund macromolecule \u00een celulele procariote " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile gre\u0219ite privind func\u021biile organitelor:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. cili \u0219i flageli \u2013 realizeaz\u0103 locomo\u0163ia ", "B. centrozomi \u2013 transmit caractere ereditare ", "C. centru celular \u2013 intervine \u00een diviziunea celular\u0103 ", "D. cloroplaste \u2013 rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Centromerul repr ezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. zona de unire a cromatidelor surori ", "B. o denumire sinonim\u0103 pentru centrozom ", "C. structur\u0103 ce intervine \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", "D. un organit prezent la eucariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Neurofibrilele spre deosebire de s ubstan\u021ba tigroid\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sunt organit e specific e prezent e \u00een citoplasma neuronului ", "B. au rol de sus\u021binere \u0219i asigur\u0103 transportul de substan\u021be ", "C. sunt elemente contractile din celula muscular\u0103 ", "D. particip\u0103 la sintezele de proteine neuronale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Polizaharide cu rol de depozitare sunt:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. celuloza \u00een celulele vegetale ", "B. zaharoza la plante ", "C. glicogenul \u00een celulele animale ", "D. chitina \u00een celulele animale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Transportul pasiv prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. \u00eempotriva gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", "B. prin exocitoz\u0103 \u0219i endocitoz\u0103 ", "C. cu ajutorul unor proteine de transport ", "D. de la o solu\u021bie mai diluat\u0103 spre una mai concentrat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 din urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. la specia Limnaea direc\u021bia de r\u0103sucire a cochiliei este determinat\u0103 de gene mitocond riale materne ", "B. Morgan a studiat transmitere a \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 a variet\u0103\u021bii cu frunze p\u0103tate la barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului ", "C. ADN mitocondrial con\u021bine gene implicate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului de fotosintez\u0103 ", "D. termenul de factor ereditar a fost \u00eenlocuit cu termenul de gen\u0103 de c\u0103tre Gregor Mendel " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de semidominan\u021b\u0103 :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. a fost descris la transmiterea grupelor de s\u00e2nge la om ", "B. duce la fenomenul de heterozis, de accentuare a unor caractere ", "C. a fost descris la planta Mirabilis jalapa (barba \u00eemp \u0103ratului) ", "D. poate fi eviden\u021biat prin \u00eencruci\u0219area \u0219oarecilor cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi eroarea referitoare la experien\u021bele de hibridare efectuate de Gregor Mendel :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. game\u021bii sunt \u00eentotdeauna puri din punct de vedere genetic ", "B. fiecare caracter ereditar e determinat de un factor distinct, aflat \u00eentr -un exemplar \u00een celulele somatice ", "C. \u00een dihibridare raportul de segregare \u00een F2 este 9:3:3:1 pentru dou\u0103 perechi de caractere ", "D. \u00eentr -un gamet se afl\u0103 un singur factor ereditar dintr -o pereche " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Plasmalema spre deosebire de peretele celular :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. permite transportul unor substan\u021be ", "B. confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la factorii de mediu ", "C. prezint\u0103 o gam\u0103 divers\u0103 de receptori ", "D. previne citoliza \u00een celula animal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Grupa de s\u00e2nge O(I) :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. nu con\u021bine antigene pe hematii ", "B. are anticorpi pe eritrocite ", "C. aglutineaz\u0103 la contact cu ser anti -A ", "D. aglutineaz\u0103 la contact cu ser anti -B " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Lipide din structura organismelor vii sunt :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. fosfolipidele, celuloza, fructoza ", "B. chitina, clorofila, glicogenul ", "C. cerurile, steroizii, fosfolipidele ", "D. galactoza, celuloza, amidonul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celule binucleate sunt prezente \u00een :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. hepatocite ", "B. fibra muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 ", "C. eritrocite adulte ", "D. bacterii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ARN -ul spre deosebire de ADN :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine guanina care formeaz\u0103 pun\u021bi de hidrogen cu citozina ", "B. con\u021bine glucidul caracteristic - dezoxiriboza ", "C. are \u00een structura sa un rest de acid fosforic ", "D. intr\u0103 \u00een structura ribozomilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen mitocondrii :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. membrana extern\u0103 mitocondrial\u0103 are criste ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 38 moli de ATP dintr -o molecul\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 ", "C. au fost descrise enzime detoxifiante ", "D. matrixul con\u021bine enzime, ADN, ARN, ribozomi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Proteinele sunt :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. imunoglobuline \u2013 constituente ale unor s ubstructuri celulare ", "B. rezultate prin polimerizarea aminoacizilor ", "C. riboza \u0219i dezoxiriboza din acizii nucleici ", "D. substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 la plante \u0219i animale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celula procariot\u0103, spre deosebire de celula eucariot\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 cromozomii pereche dispersa\u0163i \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "B. con\u0163ine ribozomi f\u0103r\u0103 membran\u0103 proprie, forma\u0163i din ARN \u015fi proteine ", "C. prezint\u0103 un \u00eenveli\u015f capsular - compus din polizaharide \u015fi glicoproteine ", "D. prezint\u0103 organite nedelimitate de membran\u0103 proprie, cu excep\u021bia tilacoidel or \u0219i nucleoidului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Avantajele folosirii musculi\u021bei de o\u021bet ca material de studiu \u00een cercet\u0103rile genetic e sunt:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. prolificitate mare \u0219i num\u0103r mare de cromozomi ", "B. durata scurt\u0103 a unui ciclu de via\u021b\u0103 \u2013 sub \u0219apte zile ", "C. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor politeni \u00een glandele salivare ale adul\u021bilor ", "D. un num\u0103r mare de forme mutante \u2013 peste 500 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Miofibrilele din celulele musculare striate prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente proteice contractile, organizate \u00een centromere ", "B. prezint\u0103 fiecare un num\u0103r dublu de miofilamente groase, comparativ cu cele sub\u021biri ", "C. con\u021bin miofilamente sub\u021biri de actin\u0103 \u0219i miof ilamente groase de miozin\u0103 ", "D. realizeaz\u0103 contrac\u021bi a muscular \u0103, prin glisarea miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 printre cele de miozin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile \u015fi cloroplastele se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in ADN, ARN \u015fi lizozomi de tip procariot ", "B. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea tuturor celulelor vegetale eucariote ", "C. sunt prezente \u00een toate celulele eucariote oxibionte ", "D. prezint\u0103 membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 \u015fi material genetic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi dintr -o celul\u0103 uman\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. polimerizeaz\u0103 aminoacizii cu formare de enzime lizozomale \u0219i pectine ", "B. de tipul leucocitului \u0219i hematiei adulte, intervine \u00een sinteza de enzime hidro litice lizozomale ", "C. glandular\u0103 sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide importante \u00een formarea membranei \u0219i peretelui celular ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o interrela\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 cu organitele ce formeaz\u0103 sistemul circulator intracitoplasmatic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte cu privire la componentele protoplasmatice ale celulei eucariote:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. centromerul \u2013 are rol \u00een biogeneza fusului de diviziune \u0219i a citoscheletului ", "B. incluziuni ergastice \u2013 acidul polibeta -hidroxibutiric este o substan\u021b\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ", "C. condriomul, ca \u0219i plastidomul \u2013 se mo\u0219tene\u0219te pe linie matern\u0103 \u0219i se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune ", "D. peroxizomii \u2013 deriva\u021bi din dictiozomi \u0219i cu con\u021binut mare de enzime detoxifiante " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la carbohidra\u021bi:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. unele monozaharide cu 5 atomi de carbon intr\u0103 \u0219i \u00een structura acidului adenozintrifosf oric ", "B. glicogenul \u0219i amidonul sunt polimeri ai glucozei la celulele vegetale ", "C. substan\u021be specifice celulelor vegetale sunt: celuloza, amidonul \u0219i chitina ", "D. dizaharidul fructoza, ca \u0219i lactoza, are \u00een compozi\u021bia sa o molecul\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul de genotipuri (variante) posibile la game\u021bii de Drosophila melanogaster ca urmare a recombin\u0103rii intercromozomale este:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. 8 ", "B. 16 ", "C. 32 ", "D. 64 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre tipuri de celule umane uninucleate \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bile morfo -fiziologice ale acestora :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. hematia adult\u0103 (2n = 46) - celul \u0103 discoidal\u0103 \u2013 transportul gazelor respiratorii ", "B. neuronul (2n = 46 de autozomi) celula stelat\u0103 - conduc influxul nervos ", "C. fibra musculare scheletic \u0103 (2n = 46) \u2013 celul \u0103 cilindric \u0103 - contrac\u021bie muscular\u0103 ", "D. celule - ou (2n = 46 ) - celul\u0103 globular\u0103 - genereaz\u0103 prin diviziune mitotic\u0103 celulele fiice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Crossing \u2013 over -ul are loc \u00eentre:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. cromatidele nesurori ale bivalen\u0163ilor; ", "B. cromozomii neomologi \u0219i mono cromatidici; ", "C. cromatidele surori ale unui cromozom bicromatidic; ", "D. cromozomii monocromatidici anafazici. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite celulare con\u021bin magneziu:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. nucleul \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a cromatinei ", "B. peroxizomii \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a ADN -ului ", "C. citoplasma \u2013 sub form\u0103 de ioni minerali ", "D. cloroplastele \u2013 \u00een compozi\u021bia chimic\u0103 a clorofilelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele procariote prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. flageli sau cili cu microtubuli \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenveli\u015f membranar ", "B. evagina\u021bii membranare sub form\u0103 de mezozomi ", "C. citoplasma lipsit\u0103 de curen\u021bi citoplasmatici \u0219i de citoschelet ", "D. metabolism foarte intens datorit\u0103 valorii sc\u0103zute a raportului suprafa\u021b\u0103 -volum " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 a fost descris\u0103 la:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Mirabilis jalapa ", "B. Antirrhinum majus ", "C. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia ", "D. Pisum sativum " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Eritrocitele mature ale mamiferelor:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. au mitocondrii \u0219i R.E.G ", "B. prezint\u0103 centrozomi \u00een structura lor ", "C. con\u021bin un set haploid de cromozomi ", "D. con\u021bin o heteroprotein\u0103 cu fier \u0219i sunt anucleate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Indentifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. prin exocitoz\u0103 se internalizeaz\u0103 din celul\u0103 hormoni proteici \u0219i steroizi ", "B. prin endocitoz\u0103 p\u0103trund macromolecule \u00een celulele procariote ", "C. bistratul fosfolipidic permite pasajul liber al ionilor de Na+ \u00een afara celulei ", "D. prin endocitoz\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 vezicule de tipul fagozomi lor \u0219i pino zomilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind pere\u021bii celulari la eucariote :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 pori numi\u021bi punctua\u021biuni care sunt traversa\u021bi de plasmodesme ", "2. contribuie la solidarizarea celulelor \u00een \u021besuturi specializate ", "3. au \u00een compozi\u021bie polizaharide cu structur\u0103 fibrilar\u0103 ", "4. sunt cimenta\u021bi \u00eempreun\u0103 de lamela mijlocie format\u0103 din pectine " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleolii :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. sunt delimita\u021bi printr -o membran\u0103 de nucleoplasm\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bin ADN, ARN, proteine \u0219i agregate nucleoproteice ", "3. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul telofazei ", "4. au rol \u00een biogen eza ribozomilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bii le adev\u0103rate :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. transmiterea eredit\u0103\u021bii extranucleare a fost studiat\u0103 de C. Correns ", "2. mitocondriile \u0219i cloroplastele se transmit numai pe linie matern\u0103 ", "3. producerea de polen nefunc\u021bional este afec\u021biune transmis\u0103 extranuclear ", "4. \u00een celule canceroase s -au identificat anomalii structurale \u0219i func\u021bionale ale ADNm t " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Care din urm\u0103to arele organite con\u021bin ribozomi :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. citoplasma ", "2. mitocondria ", "3. dictiozomii ", "4. cloroplastul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ATP (adenozintrifosfat) este:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. o molecul\u0103 folosit\u0103 pentru realizarea diverselor procese fiziologice ", "2. substan\u021b\u0103 produs\u0103 doar prin reac\u021bii de reducere a carbohidra\u021bilor ", "3. o nucleotid\u0103 ce con\u021bine adenin\u0103 , pentoz\u0103 \u0219i trei radicali fosfat ", "4. energie car e se pierde sub form\u0103 de energie caloric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele musculare striate spre deosebire de neuroni:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 miofibrile, organite comune ce reprezint\u0103 suportul morfologic al contrac\u021biei ", "2. au un nucleu bine individualizat, cu membran\u0103 nuclear\u0103 dubl\u0103 ", "3. con\u0163in miofibrile \u0219i corpusculi Nissl ca organite celulare specifice ", "4. au miofibrile alc\u0103tuite din miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u0219i miofilamente de miozin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen anafaza I a meiozei spre deosebire de anafaza mitozei :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. cromozomi monocromatidici migreaz\u0103 spre polii celulei ", "2. fusul de diviziune con\u021bine fibre polare \u0219i kinetocorale ", "3. filamentele fusu lui de diviziune sunt constituite din microtubuli ", "4. migreaz\u0103 cromozomi bicromatidici ce pot fi recombina\u021bi prin crossing -over " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. tilacoidele cloroplastelor con\u021bin pigmen\u021bi fotosintetizan\u021bi, mai ales clorofil\u0103 ", "2. lizozomii sunt organite veziculare cu rol \u00een biosinteza polizaharidelor ", "3. vacuolele, delimitate de tonoplast, au rol important \u00een homeostazia celular\u0103 ", "4. ribozomii au rol \u00een degradarea enzimatic\u0103 a substan\u021belor exogene \u0219i endogene " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organite celulare au o membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. aparat Golgi, cloroplast, lizozom, condriom ", "2. ribozom, reticul endoplasmatic, lizozom ", "3. vacuol\u0103, centrozom, peroxizom, mitocondrie ", "4. reticul endoplasmatic, lizozom, vacuol\u0103, dictiozom " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la determinismul genetic al grupelor sanguine la om:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. unele gene determin\u0103 sinteza de anticorpi ata\u0219a\u021bi de membrana eritrocitelor ", "2. genele recesive determin\u0103 sinteza de antigene plasmatice ", "3. grupa de s\u00e2nge O(I) p oate avea \u0219i genotip heterozigot ", "4. genele LA \u0219i LB determin\u0103 fenomenul de codominan\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tetradele cromozomiale :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. apar \u00een profaza mitozei ", "2. se mai numesc bivalen\u021bi ", "3. sunt cromozomi neomologi ", "4. genereaz\u0103 cromozomi recombina\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Forma s\u0103lbatic\u0103 la Drosophila melanogaster (musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet) prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. aripi vestigiale, corp gri, ochi cafenii ", "2. aripi vestigiale, corp negru, ochi albi ", "3. aripi normale, corp negru, ochi cafenii ", "4. aripi normale, corp gri, ochi ro\u0219ii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Meioza II ca \u0219i mitoza:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. este o diviziune reduc\u021bional\u0103 ", "2. este o diviziune ecva\u021bional\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 \u201cdansul cromozomilor\u201d ", "4. genereaz\u0103 cromozomi monocromatidici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Difuzia :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este facilitat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea temperaturii ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 pe seama energiei cinetice a moleculelor ", "3. este avantajat\u0103 de dimensiunile mici ale moleculelor ", "4. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cu consum de energie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Glicocalix -ul:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. este un \u00eenveli\u0219 caracteristic celulei eucariote ", "2. con\u021bine capsula bacterian\u0103 \u0219i un mucus din polizaha ride ", "3. este organizat dup\u0103 modelul mozaicului fluid ", "4. confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la ap\u0103rarea imun\u0103 a gazdei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleosomul, spre deosebire de ribozom:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. este o particul\u0103 dezoxiribonucleoproteic\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bine proteine \u0219i acid ribonucleic ", "3. reprezint\u0103 unitatea repetitiv\u0103 a fibrei de cromatin\u0103 ", "4. este conectat de nucleosomul adiacent prin ARN ,,linker \u201d " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre peretele celular al celulei vegetale, putem afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. lamela mijlocie \u2013 cimenteaz\u0103 celulele vecine \u00eentre ele ", "2. peretele celular secundar \u2013 ader\u0103 la membrana celular\u0103 \u0219i la lamela mijlocie ", "3. peretele celular primar - constituit \u00een principal din celuloz\u0103, hemiceluloz\u0103 \u0219i pectine ", "4. este format din polizaharide \u2013 celuloz\u0103, chitin\u0103, lignin\u0103, suberin\u0103, etc . " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Indica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre polimeri i organici \u0219i caracteristicile acestora:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. glicogenul - forma de depozitare a glucozei la om, animale \u0219i bacterii ", "2. aminoacizii - reprezint\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bile structurale ale proteinelor ", "3. chitina - polizaharid - formeaz\u0103 exoscheletul insectelor \u0219i peretele celular al fungilor ", "4. glucoza - hexoz\u0103 - substrat important energetic pentru celulele musculare \u0219i nervoase " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre fotosintez\u0103 putem afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. are loc \u00een cloroplastele plantelor verzi \u0219i a algelor albastre -verzi ", "2. presupune sinteza de oxigen din dioxid de carbon , \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 ", "3. \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric, substan\u021ba care se oxideaz\u0103 \u00een stroma cloroplastului este dioxidul de carbon ", "4. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de prezen\u021ba pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori, prezen\u021bi \u00een membranele tilacoidale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la microtubuli:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. cei din structura cen triolilor - controleaz\u0103 anumite faze ale diviziunii celulare ", "2. sunt compu\u0219i din proteine globulare numite tubuline, dispuse \u00een form\u0103 de cilindru ", "3. num\u0103rul celor din corpusculul bazal este egal cu num\u0103rul celor din centriol ", "4. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een cilii \u0219i fl agelii celulelor mobile procariote \u0219i eucariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Masculul de Drosophila melano gaster se deosebe\u0219te de femel\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. prezen\u021ba unor peri \u00een form\u0103 de pieptene la nivelul primei perechi de membre ", "2. dimensiunile mai reduse ale corpului \u0219i prin abdomenul mai alungit ", "3. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor sexuali de tipul XY (sex heterogametic) ", "4. prezen\u021ba cromozomilor uria\u0219i \u00een celulele glandelor salivare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Particulele ribonucleoproteice din celula eucariot\u0103, au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. intervin \u00een sinteza proteinelor de export \u015fi a enzimelor lizozomale ", "2. sunt lipsite de membran\u0103 proprie, ca \u015fi centrozomul plantelor superioare ", "3. sintetize az\u0103 anticorpi, hormoni proteici \u0219i enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare ", "4. sunt alc\u0103tuite din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u0163i inegale , formate din proteine \u0219i ARN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Energia rezultat\u0103 \u00een urma respira\u021bie i celulare, poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. conducerea impulsului nervos, facilitat\u0103 \u0219i de neurofibrile ", "2. biosinteza de proteine , la nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic granular ", "3. biosinteza de lipide , la nivelul reticulului endoplasmatic neted ", "4. contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103, prin glisarea miofilamentelor de miozin\u0103 printre cele de ac tin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Etapa reduc\u021bional\u0103 a meiozei prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. \u00een profaza I - are loc crossing -over-ul \u00eentre cromozomii omologi materni \u0219i paterni ", "2. presupune reducerea setului diploid de cromozomi la setul haploid ", "3. au loc procesele de recombinarea intracromozomal\u0103 \u0219i intercromozomal\u0103 ", "4. \u00een metafaza I \u2013 tetradele cromozomale recombinate se dispun \u00een plan ecuatorial " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ADN -ul mitoc ondrial :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este de tip procariot, ca \u0219i ADN -ul cloroplastic ", "2. determin\u0103 ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 ", "3. confer \u0103 capacitate de diviziune mitocondriei ", "4. este responsabil de sinteza moleculelor de ADP - prin glicoliz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 grupa de s\u00e2nge a mamei este A (II) genotip heterozigo t, iar grupa de s\u00e2nge a tat\u0103lui este B (III) genotip heterozigot, copiii pot avea grupa de s\u00e2nge :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. O (I) ", "2. A (II) ", "3. B (III) ", "4. AB (IV) " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Consider\u00e2nd c\u0103 o hematie adult\u0103 uman\u0103 este plasat\u0103 \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hiperosmotic\u0103 , stabili\u021bi modific\u0103rile morfoanatomice \u0219i/sau fiziologice suferite de c\u0103tre aceasta :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. apa difuz eaz\u0103 din celul \u0103 \u00een solutia extracelular\u0103 \u0219i are loc fenomenul de citoliz\u0103 sau hemoliz\u0103 ", "2. are loc fenomenul de plasmoliz \u0103 prin pierderea apei prin osmoz\u0103, volumul intracitoplasmatic scade ", "3. apa iese din celul \u0103, membrana citoplasmatic\u0103 se retrage \u00eempreun\u0103 cu con\u0163inutul celular spre nucleu, celula mic\u015for\u00e2ndu -\u015fi volumul ", "4. apa din citoplasm\u0103 difuzeaz\u0103 , prin plasmalema semiperm eabil\u0103 , \u00een solu\u0163ia extracelular\u0103 , produc \u00e2ndu-se deshidratarea celulei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la aspectele structurale ale organitel or celulare cu membran\u0103 simpl\u0103 :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos realizeaz\u0103 sinteza proteinelor ", "2. mitocondriile con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime oxido -reduc\u0103toare, ADN \u0219i ARN ", "3. dictiozomii au rol \u00een biosinteza polizaharidelor \u0219i \u00een asamblarea lipidelor cu proteinele ", "4. vacuolele prezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 numit\u0103 tonoplast \u0219i un suc vacuolar concentrat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Hialoplasma celulelor eucariote din:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. semin\u021bele negerminate , se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de gel ", "2. punct de vedere fizic , este un sistem coloidal ", "3. celulele cu metabolism intens , se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol ", "4. mu\u0219chi , descompune aerob monozaharidul glucoza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi bazele azotate care intr\u0103 \u00een structura nucleotidelor cu zahar de tip riboz\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. adenina \u0219i guanina ", "2. adenina \u0219i uracilul ", "3. guanina \u0219i uracilul ", "4. uracilul \u0219i citozina " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. cheratina -oase ", "B. actina - unghii ", "C. albumina -ou ", "D. colagen -s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. genele mitocondriale din nucleu sunt inactive ", "B. ADNmt este mai stabil dec\u00e2t ADN cloroplastic ", "C. cromozomul mitocondrial la om c on\u021bine 100.000 de gene ", "D. replicarea ADNcloroplastic depinde de ADN -ul nuclear " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Heterozomul Y :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet, caracterizeaz\u0103 sexul masculin \u0219i apar\u021bine perechii a IV a de cromozomi ", "B. la p\u0103s\u0103ri, caracterizeaz\u0103 sexul feminin la fel ca la mamifere \u0219i ca la insect ele diptere ", "C. la mamifere, con\u021bine gene care determin\u0103 sexul masculin \u0219i apari\u021bia p\u0103rului pe marginea urechii ", "D. la reptile, con\u021bine gene care se manifest\u0103 prin homozig o\u021bie \u0219i determin\u0103 sexul feminin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Corpusculii Nissl :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. se afl\u0103 doar \u00een corpul celular \u0219i \u00een axonul neuronal ", "B. au rol \u00een metabolismul celulelor nervoase ", "C. sunt aparate Golgi modificate structural ", "D. au aspect granular \u00een celulele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen telofaza I meiotic\u0103 spre deosebire de telofaza mitotic\u0103 :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. cromozomii sunt monocromatidici ", "B. fusul de diviziune se dezorganizeaz\u0103 ", "C. cromozomii sunt bicromatidici \u0219i recombina\u021bi ", "D. membrana nuclear\u0103 se organizeaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen deplasmoliz\u0103 :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. are loc ofilirea plantelor ", "B. se m\u0103re\u0219te volumul vacuolar ", "C. iese apa din celul\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 ", "D. se pierde turgesc en\u021ba celulei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Melanismul industrial apare la :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. fluturele Biston betularia ", "B. iepurii de Himalaya ", "C. Drosophila melanogaster ", "D. rasele de oi Ancona " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Transmitere heterozomal recesiv\u0103 prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. albinismul \u0219i daltonismul ", "B. rahitismul \u0219i fenilcetonuria ", "C. hemofilia \u0219i galactozemia ", "D. distrofia muscular\u0103 progresiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Algele ro\u0219ii con\u021bin \u00een rhodoplaste :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. pigmenul clorofilian a \u0219i fucoxantina ", "B. clorofila a, clorofila c \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 ", "C. pigmen\u021bi ficobilinici \u0219i clorofila b ", "D. clorofil\u0103 a, ficocianin\u0103 \u0219i ficoeritrin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Blefaroplastul :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este flagelul propriu -zis al algelor ", "B. coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea flagelului ", "C. are o structur\u0103 miofibrilar\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 ", "D. prezint\u0103 axonema cu 20 de fibrile periferice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Centriolii \u0219i nucleolii :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul profazei ", "B. sunt componente ale celulei animale ", "C. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een biogeneza ribozomilor ", "D. se replic\u0103 la \u00eenceputul profazei mitotice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fagocitoza:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. conduce la formarea unei vezicule fagocitice ce va fuziona cu un lizozom ", "B. este un proces de permea\u021bie reali zat cu ajutorul pseudopodelor ", "C. const\u0103 \u00een fuzionarea cu membrana a unor solu\u021bii din mediul extracelular ", "D. necesit\u0103 participarea pseudopodelor unor celule procariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Eucariotele spre deosebire de procariote au:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. citoschelet format din microtubuli si microfilame nte ", "B. un raport mai mare suprafa\u021b\u0103/volum ", "C. particule ribonucleoproteice lipsite de membran\u0103 ", "D. incluziuni acumulate \u00een citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Determinismul sexelor este:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. cromozomal de tip Abraxas , la hamei ", "B. cu heterozomi multipli la albine ", "C. cromozomal de tip Drosophila , la spanac ", "D. cu masculi haploizi la roz\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre heteroproteine \u0219i localizarea acestora :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. nucleoproteinele din serul sanguin ", "B. keratinele din p\u0103r ", "C. cazeina din lapte ", "D. hemoglobina din acizii nucleici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cauza apari\u021biei speciilor de plante poliploide poate fi reprezentat\u0103 de :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. blocarea cromozomilor \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", "B. hibridarea spontan\u0103 \u0219i transloca\u021bii autozomale ", "C. m\u0103rirea volumului nucleului ", "D. nondisjunc\u021bia cromozomilor omologi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Citomembranele:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. \u00eempiedic\u0103 interferen\u021ba unor reac\u021bii chimice simultane deoarece delimiteaz\u0103 organite ", "B. genereaz\u0103 spre exterior plasmalema \u0219i spre interior citoplasma fundamental\u0103 ", "C. delimiteaz\u0103 partea nestructurat\u0103 (granuloplasma), reprezentat\u0103 de organitele celulare ", "D. reprezint\u0103 biomembra nele, prezente sub forma unei re\u021bele proteice tridimensionale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Componentele neprotoplasmatice sunt:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. forma\u021biuni celulare din afara protoplastului ", "B. granule de amidon \u0219i aleuron\u0103, cristale minerale ", "C. structuri nevii, caracteristice mai ales celulelor animale ", "D. toate organitele celulare delimitate de membrane " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Este o form\u0103 artificial\u0103 amfiploid\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. hexaploid\u0103 - Triticum aestivum ( 2n = 42) ", "B. triploid\u0103 \u2013 sfecla de zah\u0103r ( 2n = 39) ", "C. octoploid\u0103 \u2013 Triticale ( 2n = 56 ) ", "D. diploid\u0103 \u2013 secara ( 2n = 28 ) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea eroare cromozomal\u0103 poate fi identificat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. idio\u021bia maurotic\u0103 ", "B. spina bifid\u0103 ", "C. leucodistrofia metacromatic\u0103 ", "D. histidinemia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Microfibrilele din peretele celulelor eucariote pot fi formate din:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. substan\u021be pectice ", "B. murein\u0103 ", "C. chitin\u0103 ", "D. suberine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plasmalema la bacterii:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. poate suferi deform\u0103ri ample necesare proceselor de citoz\u0103 ", "B. are structur\u0103 de \u201dmozaic fluid\u201d \u00een care proteinele sunt distribuite uniform ", "C. prezint\u0103 un bistrat lipidic cu rol de barier\u0103 pentru ioni \u0219i substan\u021be lipofile ", "D. poate invagina f orm\u00e2nd un pliu cu rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hialoplasma celulelor vegetale:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. coaguleaz\u0103 reversibil la temperaturi mai mari de 50oC ", "B. prezint\u0103 curen\u021bi \u00een interiorul vacuolelor ", "C. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de sol \u00een semin\u021bele germinate ", "D. con\u021bine o re\u021bea lax\u0103 de microtubuli \u0219i microfilamente " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mitocondriile se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. reac\u0163ii de oxidare consumatoare de ATP ", "B. continuitate genetic\u0103 de la o genera\u021bie celular\u0103 la alta ", "C. tilacoide de form\u0103 lamelar\u0103 sau tubular\u0103 ", "D. membran\u0103 extern\u0103 permeabil\u0103 \u0219i energizant\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 dintre faza diviziunii \u015fi aspectul cromozomilor:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. anafaza II - cromozomi bicromatidici spiraliza\u0163i ", "B. profaza I - cromozomi monocromatidici spiraliza\u0163i ", "C. telofaza II -cromozomi bicromatidici despiraliza\u0163i ", "D. perioada G 1 - cromozomi mon ocromatidici despiraliza\u0163i " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Secven\u021ba de de zoxiribonucleotide \u00een care prima \u015fi ultima nucleotid\u0103 sunt de tip purinic, a doua \u015fi a treia nucleotid\u0103 sunt de tip pirimidinic este:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. GCUA ", "B. ATCG ", "C. CAGU ", "D. TAG A " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Procesul de crossing -over la eucariote:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. explic\u0103 apari\u021bia de gene noi la descenden\u021b ii rezulta\u021bi ", "B. are loc \u00eentre cromozomii \u00een proces de de spiraliza re ai bivalent ului ", "C. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit exclusiv \u00een timpul desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii meiozei ", "D. are drept rezultat formarea unor cromozomi recombina\u021bi genetic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "O consecin\u021b \u0103 a dele\u021biei unui segment din bra\u021bul cromozomului 1 la om este:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. anomalia degetelor picioarelor ", "B. moartea programat\u0103 genetic ", "C. dezvoltare anormal\u0103 a mamelelor ", "D. anomalia coardelor vocale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Heterocromatina este:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. zona din ADN care se coloreaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens ", "B. cromatina r\u0103sucit\u0103 din regiunile cu aspect mai dens ", "C. zona cu instruc\u021biuni pentru sinteza proteinelor celulare ", "D. cromatin a organizat\u0103 nucleosom al din regiunea mai lax\u0103 a acesteia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u201dUzinele energetice\u201d ale celulei:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. au fost descoperite de Hugo von Mohl \u00een 1904 ", "B. con\u021bin \u00een matrix enzime implicate \u00een ciclul Krebs ", "C. sunt specializate pentru liza unor organite uzate ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een fibrele musculare striate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ereditatea extranuclear\u0103 cloroplastic\u0103 se poate eviden\u021bia la nivelul frunzelor de :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. primul\u0103 ", "2. gura -leului ", "3. porumb ", "4. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Actinele dintr -o miofibril\u0103 sunt :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. a\u0219ezate hexagonal \u00een jurul miozinei ", "2. implicate \u00een contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103 ", "3. ni\u0219te miofilamente proteice sub\u021biri ", "4. dispuse \u00een tre 6 miozine a\u0219ezate periferic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi este :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. implicat \u00een formarea peretelui celular la ciuperci ", "2. o structur\u0103 care produce substan\u021be polizaharidice ", "3. alc\u0103tuit din teancuri de cisterne suprapuse ", "4. a\u0219ezat periferic l\u00e2ng\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Acizii nucleici :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. sunt macromolecule polipeptidice ", "2. con\u021bin informa\u021bie genetic\u0103 ereditar\u0103 ", "3. con\u021bin zaharuri hexozice ", "4. sunt lan\u021buri de nucleotide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Interac\u021biune alelic\u0103 cu exprimare diferit\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 apare \u00een :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. semidominan\u021b\u0103 ", "2. supradominan\u021b\u0103 ", "3. codominan\u021b\u0103 ", "4. heterozis " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Acela\u0219i gen de interac\u021biune alelic\u0103 apare la :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. g\u0103inile de Andaluzia \u0219i la Mirabilis jalapa ", "2. oile Karakul brum\u0103rii \u0219i gura -leului ", "3. barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului \u0219i la Zea Mays ", "4. crapii oglind\u0103 \u0219i la iepurii de Himalaya " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Paramecii killer :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin particule kappa ", "2. con\u021bin simbion\u021bi eucario\u021bi ", "3. produc paramecin\u0103 ", "4. sunt parameci de tip sensibil " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Anomalie genic\u0103 autozomal\u0103 dominant\u0103 este :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. hemofilia ", "2. prognatismul ", "3. mongolismul ", "4. sindactilia " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un individ afectat de dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a bra\u021bului scurt a unui cromozom din perechea 5 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. bra\u021be scurte ", "2. microcefalie ", "3. cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 ", "4. \u021bip\u0103t tipic la na\u0219tere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Stroma cloroplastului :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine enzime necesare desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii ciclului Calvin ", "2. este sediul reac\u021biilor de oxidoreducere ale fotolizei ", "3. con\u021bine plasmagene \u0219i factori care le asigur\u0103 replicarea ", "4. cuprinde un aparat genetic de tip eucariot " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 etape normale \u00een cadrul c\u0103ii metabolice a fenilalaninei :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. transformarea fenilalaninei \u00een tirozin\u0103 ", "2. ob\u021binerea melaninei din tirozin\u0103 ", "3. sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni ", "4. conversia fenilalaninei \u00een acid fenilpiruvic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Pot constitui modalit\u0103\u021bi naturale de eliminare a genelor mutante:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. condi\u021bia heterozigot\u0103 a unor gene recesive ", "2. procesul reparator al leziunilor din ADN ", "3. terapia genic\u0103 de \u00eenlocuire a genelor \u201drele\u201d ", "4. moartea celular\u0103 programat\u0103 genetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Testul cromatinei sexuale este negativ la:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. b\u0103rba\u021bii cu sindrom Patau ", "2. indivizii cu monosomie heterozomal\u0103 ", "3. femeile cu sindrom Turner ", "4. sexul heterogametic de tip Drosophila " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Difuzia facilitat\u0103 spre deosebire de difuzie:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. se realizeaz\u0103 cu consum de energie ", "2. are loc \u00een sensul gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", "3. se realizeaz\u0103 prin bistratul lipidic membranar ", "4. necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba proteinelor transportoare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Linkage -ul presupune:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. transmiterea \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buit\u0103 a genelor plasate \u00een acela\u0219i cromozom ", "2. segregarea independent\u0103 a perechilor de gene ", "3. p\u0103strarea integrit\u0103\u021bii structurale a cromozomilor ", "4. transmiterea \u00een bloc a unor gene din cromozomi diferi\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Heterozomii unui b\u0103rbat cu complement crom ozomial normal au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 o constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul scurt ", "2. con\u021bin gene cu importan\u021b\u0103 vital\u0103 pentru om ", "3. dezvolt\u0103 un locus pentru gena galactozemiei ", "4. au kinetocorii la nivelul constric\u021bi ilor primar e " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "C\u00e2nepa:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. este o plant \u0103 unisexuat\u0103 dioic\u0103, la fel ca porumbul ", "2. de var\u0103 se maturizeaz\u0103 mai timpuriu si are heterozomii XX ", "3. prezint\u0103 diferen\u021be numerice \u00eentre heterozomii celor dou\u0103 sexe ", "4. are un determinism genetic al sexelor identic cu al mamiferelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre Drosophila m elanogaster se pot afirma urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. genele vg \u0219i b sunt plasate \u00een perechea a II - a de cromozomi ", "2. cromozomii sexului sunt reprezenta\u021bi de perechea a IV - a ", "3. mutanta eyeless are doar un cromozom \u00een perechea a IV - a ", "4. are un num\u0103r de grupe de linkage egal cu num\u0103rul de cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Peretele celular primar, spre deosebire de cel secundar:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. se formeaz\u0103 primul dup\u0103 diviziunea celulei ", "2. poate con\u021bine lignine, ceruri, suberine, cutine, etc. ", "3. este mai sub\u021bire, mai elastic \u0219i mai pu\u021bin rigid ", "4. este \u00een contact direct cu citoplasma celulei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre prognatism este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. s- a transmis \u00een casa regal\u0103 spaniol\u0103 ", "2. gena se manifest\u0103 obligatoriu \u00een fenotip ", "3. s- a transmis \u00een familia imperial\u0103 habsburgic\u0103 ", "4. este un caracter autozomal dominant " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dictiozomii din celulele animale:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. genereaz\u0103 vezicule cu rol \u00een transportul intracelular ", "2. sunt forma\u021bi din cisterne sau vezicule aplatizate ", "3. transform\u0103 substan\u021be sintetizate de reticulul endoplasmatic ", "4. sintetizeaz\u0103 polizaharide pentru biogeneza peretelui celular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Poate fi o caracteristic\u0103 a reticulului endoplasmatic:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103 la diferen\u021bierea vacuomului ", "2. con\u021bine substan\u021b e \u00een continu\u0103 mi\u0219care ", "3. are rol \u00een metabolismul glicogenului ", "4. este bine dezvoltat \u00een hem atiile mature " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Corpusculii lui Palade:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. se pot fixa pe membranele unor componente celulare ", "2. se asociaz\u0103 cu ARNm \u00een citoplasm\u0103 ", "3. particip\u0103 la sinteza proteinelor celulare specifice ", "4. sunt forma\u021bi din dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi egale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibra elementar\u0103 de cromatin\u0103:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. este un cromozom puternic despiralizat ", "2. are ca unitate structural\u0103 nucleosomul ", "3. se dubleaz\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", "4. se observ\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mitocondria \u0219i celula bacterian\u0103 prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. o membran\u0103 cu rol \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103 ", "2. ADN dublu catenar liniar complexat cu histone ", "3. un \u00eenveli\u0219 dublu care permite schimbul de substan\u021be ", "4. \u00eenmul\u021bire prin diviziune indirect\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cu ajutorul substan\u021belor cu ac\u021biune statmochinetic\u0103 se pot ob\u021bine:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. aneuploizi ", "2. autopoliploizi ", "3. transpozoni ", "4. poliploizi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Este caracteristic\u0103 a fenilcetonuriei:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. frecven\u021ba de 7 ori mai mare \u00een izolatele cu consangvinizare ", "2. incapacitatea de a transforma tirozina \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", "3. urina p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een contact cu aerul devine brun\u0103 \u0219i cu miros nepl\u0103cut ", "4. deficitul de acid fenilpiruvic, din cauza elimin\u0103rii lui \u00een urin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Formele poliploide pot prezenta:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. meioz\u0103 cu multivalen\u021bi \u0219i univalen\u021bi - la poliploizii de dat\u0103 recent\u0103 ", "2. genomuri provenite de la specii diferite \u2013 la Tritic ale ", "3. sterilitate la formele triplode \u2013 la bananier, strugurii f\u0103r\u0103 sem in\u021be ", "4. fertilitate \u0219i prolificitate \u00eenalte \u2013 la Triticum aestivum " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Determinismul cromozomal al sexului - cu femele heterogametice:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. este prezent la p\u0103s\u0103ri, reptile, Bombix mori, molie ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 cu heterozomi multipli la hamei ", "3. asigur\u0103 sex ratio de 1:1 \u00een popula\u021bie ", "4. este influen\u021bat de condi\u021biile de mediu la porumb " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Raportul de segregare fenotipic coincide cu raportul de segregare genotipic \u00een F1, \u00een cazul urm\u0103toarelor \u00eencruci\u0219\u0103ri :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. g\u0103in\u0103 de Andaluzia x coco\u0219 de Andaluzia ", "2. maz\u0103re hibrid\u0103 cu bob galben \u0219i zb\u00e2rcit x maz\u0103re hibrid\u0103 cu bob verde \u0219i neted ", "3. Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz x Mirabilis jalapa cu flori roz ", "4. \u0219oarece cu blan\u0103 galben\u0103 x \u0219oarece cu blan\u0103 gri " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Polizaharid e sunt :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. gluteinele \u0219i chitina ", "B. amidonul \u0219i colesterolul ", "C. chitina \u0219i glicogenul ", "D. celuloza \u0219i cazeina " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ARN -ul:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. viral este materialul genetic al dezoxiribovirusurilor ", "B. mesager copiaz\u0103 \u0219i transport\u0103 un mesaj genetic ", "C. ribozomal formeaz\u0103 ribozomii, nucleolii \u0219i nucleosomii ", "D. de transport aduce proteinele la polisomii citoplasmatici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Neurofibrilele spre deosebire de corpii Nissl:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sunt implicate \u00een metabolismul neuronului ", "B. au rolul de a consolid a citoscheletul ", "C. sunt localizate doar \u00een corpul neuronului ", "D. sunt mase compacte de ARN \u0219i proteine " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen profaza mitotic\u0103 precum \u0219i \u00een cele dou\u0103 profaze meiotice:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. are loc procesul de crossing -over intercromozomal ", "B. se dezorganizeaz\u0103 fusul de diviziune \u0219i nucleolii ", "C. are loc spiralizarea cromozomilor bicromatidici ", "D. exist\u0103 cromozomi dispu\u0219i \u00een perechi bivalente " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Corpusculul Barr:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este un heterozom heterocromatinizat specific sexului masculin cu 2n=46 ", "B. apare \u00een dublu exemplar \u00een anomalii heterozomale cu doi heterozomi X ", "C. caracterizeaz\u0103 b\u0103rba\u021bi trisomici cu ginecomastie \u0219i testicule atrofiate ", "D. con\u021bine genele care se manifest\u0103 activ \u0219i determin\u0103 sexul feminin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Osmoza:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 pierderea turgescen\u021bei celulei aflate \u00eentr -o solu\u021bie hipoton\u0103 ", "B. presupune difuzia apei prin membrana celular\u0103 fiind un proces activ ", "C. determin\u0103 ofilirea plantelor deoarece m\u0103re\u0219te volumul vacuolar ", "D. este un proces pasiv implicat \u00een plasmoliz a \u0219i deplasmoliz a celulei vegetale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00centre dou\u0103 diviziuni mitotice succesive, nucleolii:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sunt complet dezorganiza\u021bi ", "B. au aspect granular \u00een centru ", "C. sunt delimita\u021bi de membrane ", "D. produc subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Albinismul \u0219i daltonismul :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. afecteaz\u0103 ambele sex e \u00een mod egal ", "B. sunt maladii genice ereditare ", "C. afecteaz\u0103 mai frecvent femeile ", "D. sunt boli heterozomale recesive " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomii politeni:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een celulele glandelor salivare ale Drosophylei melanogaster adulte ", "B. prezint\u0103 benzi longitudinale a c\u0103ror modificare este corelat\u0103 cu diferite muta\u021bii ", "C. rezult\u0103 prin clivarea normal\u0103 a centromerului \u00een diviziun ile celulelor glandelor salivare ", "D. se numesc cromozomi uria\u0219i \u0219i au lungime total\u0103 de aproximativ 1180 micrometri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. fitosterolii - ceride de la suprafa\u021ba fructelor ", "B. melanina - pigment prezent \u00een hipoderm ", "C. prolamine - proteine din semin\u021bele cerealelor ", "D. keratina - glucid prezent \u00een unghii, p\u0103r, pene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cloroplastele:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. au rol \u00een ereditatea nuclear\u0103 \u0219i extranuclear\u0103 ", "B. sunt componente ale celulelor fungale ", "C. con\u021bin unele metale \u00een stroma ", "D. se multiplic\u0103 prin diviziune indirect\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmugurire " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Lizozomii:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. fuzioneaz\u0103 cu fagozomul \u0219i descarc\u0103 , \u00een el, enzime le hidrolitice con\u021binute ", "B. sunt structuri cu membran\u0103 dubl\u0103 aflate \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een leucocite ", "C. sunt impl ica\u021bi \u00een cadrul unor serii de reac\u021bii de oxido reducere la nivel celular ", "D. degradeaz\u0103 enzimatic substan\u021be proprii celulelor prin procesul de heterofagie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Determinismul sexelor la c\u00e2nep\u0103 este cromozomal de tip:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Abraxas ", "B. Protenor ", "C. Drosophila ", "D. fluture " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Procariotele:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. pot metaboliza detergen\u021bi, petrol, cauciuc ", "B. con\u021bin ribozo mi foarte mici de 14 -23 microni ", "C. dezvolt\u0103 un citoschelet proteic tridimensional ", "D. sunt protejat e de o capsul \u0103 proteic\u0103 groas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. mitocondriile con\u021bin enzime \u0219i pigmen\u021bi asimilatori ", "B. flagelii con\u021bin 18 perechi de microtubuli periferici ", "C. vacuolele sunt mici \u0219i temporare \u00een celula vegetal\u0103 matur\u0103 ", "D. ribozomii sunt mici structuri ribonucleoproteice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Celulele poliedrice se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u00een:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. vasele conduc\u0103toare ale plantelor vasculare ", "B. colonia de Pediastrum ", "C. alga verde Chlamydomonas ", "D. parenchimul asimilator " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege caracteristica corect\u0103 pentru interfaz \u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. \u00een nucleu au loc fenomene de transcriere \u0219i replicare ", "B. \u00een perioada S se produc enzimele ADN -polimeraze ", "C. \u00een perioada G1 are loc condensarea maxim\u0103 a cromozomilor ", "D. durata ei este de aproximativ 10% din ciclul celular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Este caracteristic pentru semidominan\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. a fost descoperit\u0103 de geneticianul Lucien Cuenot la culoarea bl\u0103nii la \u0219oareci ", "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin intensificarea \u00eensu\u0219irilor la hibrizii heterozigo\u021bi ", "C. a fost descoperit\u0103 ini\u021bial de Carl Correns pentru culoarea florilor la Mirabilis jalapa ", "D. este caracteristic\u0103 determinismului genetic al tipurilor de grupe sanguine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Genele letale determin\u0103 :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. apari\u021bia fenomenului de heterozis ceea ce duce la dispari\u021bia indivizilor ", "B. moartea embrionilor de \u0219oareci cu blan\u0103 de culoare cenu\u0219ie \u00eenainte de na\u0219tere ", "C. blocarea sintezei clorofilei la porumb \u0219i supravie\u021buirea plantulelor albinotice ", "D. moartea indivizilor atunci c\u00e2nd se afl\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 recesiv\u0103 sau dominat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Drosophila melanogaster :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. are un ciclu de dezvoltare complet\u0103 care dureaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva luni ", "B. prezint\u0103 muta\u021bii numeroase u\u0219or de observat \u0219i de identificat ", "C. are un compleme nt cromozo mial haploid fo rmat din opt cromoz omi ", "D. este prolific\u0103 depu n\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva zeci de ou\u0103 \u00een fiecare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen laborator, statmochineza se realizeaz\u0103 folosind o solu\u021bie de colchicin\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. 1% ", "B. 10% ", "C. 2% ", "D. 20% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selec teaz\u0103 afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la glicocalixul bacteriilor:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. \u00eempreun\u0103 cu mucusul formeaz\u0103 capsula ", "B. este format din murein\u0103 \u0219i acoper\u0103 peretele celular ", "C. men\u0163ine forma celulei eucariote \u00een condi\u021bii de usc\u0103ciune ", "D. confer\u0103 bacteriilor o mai bun\u0103 capacitate de ata\u0219are la substrat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Femelele sunt heterogametice la :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Mus minutoides minutoides ", "B. Bryonia dioica ", "C. Bombyx mori ", "D. Zea mays " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Select eaz\u0103 asocierea corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. reticulul endoplasmatic rugos - detoxifierea celulei ", "B. dictiozomii plantelor - biogeneza peretelui celular ", "C. lizozomii - producerea molecule lor de ATP ", "D. amiloplastele - depozit area glicogen ului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la plantele de c\u00e2nep\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. forme az\u0103 inflorescen\u021be femele , toamna , pe indivizii de tip XX ", "B. este o plant\u0103 monoic\u0103 care se poleniz eaz\u0103 cu ajutorul insecte lor ", "C. au reprezentan\u021bi de sex masculin care produc un singur tip de game\u021bi ", "D. formeaz\u0103 inflorescen\u021be mascule care se matureaz\u0103 toamn a " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La om, prin recombinare genetic\u0103 intercromozomal\u0103 se produc:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. un num\u0103r de tipuri de indivizi egal cu num\u0103rul actual al popula\u021biei ", "B. exact 8 388 608 de tipuri de descenden\u021bi dintr -o pereche uman\u0103 ", "C. acela \u0219i num\u0103r de combina\u021bii genetice pentru oricare specie ", "D. 246 combina\u021bii genetice diferite la formarea zigotului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Caracteristica comun\u0103 centriolilor \u0219i nucleolilor este :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 membrane celulare la periferia lor ", "B. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een interfaza celul elor animale nucleate ", "C. au activitate intens\u0103 pe toat\u0103 durata cariochinez ei ", "D. devin mai eviden\u021bi \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Grupa D de cromozomi umani cuprinde :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. cromozomi scur\u021bi de tip metacentric ", "B. perechile 16 -18 de cromozomi submetacentrici ", "C. cromozomi acrocentrici cu sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bele scurte ", "D. perechile 13 -16 de cromozomi acrocentrici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Tubulinele se formeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada interfazei:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. G1 (presintetic\u0103) ", "B. S (de sintez\u0103) ", "C. G2 (premitotic\u0103) ", "D. \u00een toate cele trei perioade " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Iepurii de Himalaya \u0219i iepurii de tip chinchilla:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. pot avea \u00een genotip gene pe care iepurii albinotici nu le au ", "2. au gene care apar\u021bin acelea\u0219i serii polialelice ", "3. pot avea \u00een comun cu iepurii de tip s\u0103lbatic alela ch ", "4. au blan\u0103 de culoare alb\u0103 cu negru , respectiv gri -bej " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "At\u00e2t sindromul Down c\u00e2t \u0219i sindromul Edwards:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin malforma\u021bii cardiace ", "2. se pot recunoa\u0219te din cauza epicantusului ", "3. sunt provocate de aneuploidii autozomale ", "4. au inciden\u021ba la na\u0219tere de 1/600 -1/700 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Aparatul Golgi:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sorteaz\u0103, prelucreaz\u0103 \u0219i transloc\u0103 substan\u021be ", "2. face conexiunea \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i plasmalem\u0103 ", "3. produce enzime digestive la plantele carnivore ", "4. con\u021bine un num\u0103r variabil de dictiozomi \u0219i ribozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Triticale:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. este un amfiploid natural ", "2. a ap\u0103rut spontan \u00een Caucaz ", "3. este un hexaploid cultivat ", "4. are 2n = 8X = 56 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dominan\u021ba complet\u0103 apare \u00een transmiterea :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. culorii boabelor de maz\u0103re ", "2. grupei de s\u00e2nge AB la om ", "3. aspectul ui bobului de maz\u0103re ", "4. culorii florii la barba -\u00eemp\u0103ratului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Amidonul:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. este cea mai frecvent\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 depozitat\u0103 \u00een celulele vegetale ", "2. apare sub form\u0103 de granule de forme \u0219i dimensiuni diferite ", "3. este depozitat \u00een plastidele incolore - amiloplaste ", "4. apare sub forma unor cristale anorganice solitare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de inversare a sexului la porumb:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. presupune apari\u021bia de boabe \u00een panicul ", "2. poate fi provocat de anumite infec\u021bii virale ", "3. presupune apari\u021bia de panicul \u00een v\u00e2rful \u0219tiuletelui ", "4. poate fi provocat de cre\u0219terea umidit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i de lumina intens\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Crossing -over -ul:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. este teza transmiterii \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buite a perechilor de gene ", "2. poate avea loc la organsime homozigote \u0219i heterozigote ", "3. conduce la formarea unor noi combina\u021bii de gene la homozigo\u021bi ", "4. st\u0103 la baza diversific\u0103rii genotipice \u0219i fenotipice a organismelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La Humulus lupulus :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. plantele femele au 16 autozomi \u0219i 4 heterozomi(X 1X1X2X2) ", "2. plantele femele au 16 autozomi \u0219i 2 heterozomi(X 1X2) ", "3. plantele mascule au 16 autozomi \u0219i 4 heterozomi(X 1X2Y1Y2) ", "4. plantele mascule au 16 autozomi \u0219i 2 heterozomi(XY) Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Determinismul sexelor este genic la :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. mamifere ", "2. caras ", "3. musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet ", "4. porumb " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Specie alopoliploid\u0103 este:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. maz\u0103rea ", "2. tutunul ", "3. rostopasca ", "4. gr\u00e2ul comun " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea/ asocierile corecte \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de cromozomi din celulele somatice:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. calul \u2013 64 cromozomi ", "2. asinul \u2013 64 cromozomi ", "3. asinul \u2013 62 cromozomi ", "4. calul- 62 cromozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. la plantele de spanac, heterozomul Y apare la sexul masculin ", "2. la om, heterozomul Y este acrocentric \u0219i prezint\u0103 sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021be ", "3. la musculi\u021ba de o\u021bet, heterozomii apar\u021bin perechii I de cromozomi ", "4. la insectele diptere \u0219i la fluturi , femelele au c\u00e2te doi heterozomi identici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Conversia genic\u0103 apare la ciuperci din genul:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Neurospora ", "2. Saccharomyces ", "3. Aspergillus ", "4. Chlorella " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Primele forme mutante naturale descrise de c\u00e2teva sute de ani au fost:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. rostopasca cu frunze laciniate ", "2. drosofilele cu ochi albi ", "3. oile cu o coast\u0103 \u00een plus ", "4. salc\u00e2mul monofil " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Filamentele kinetocorale :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din microtubuli pe care se fixeaz\u0103 centromerii cromozomilor ", "2. au rol \u00een separarea cromatidelor surori \u00een mitoz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een meioza I ", "3. mijloc esc transportul seturilor omoloage de cromozomi spre polii celulei ", "4. sunt implicate \u00een declan\u015farea diviziunii citoplasmei (citochineza) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "At\u00e2t mutantele \u201cpetite\u201d c\u00e2t \u0219i mutantele \u201dpoky\u201d :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. pot ap\u0103rea \u00een cadrul coloniilor de drojdie de bere ", "2. afecte az\u0103 ritmul de cre\u0219tere al ciupercil or din genul Neurospora ", "3. caracterizeaz\u0103 plantele de porumb heterozigote ", "4. au deficien\u0163e respiratorii provocate de muta\u021bii ale genelor extranucleare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Paramecina este:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. un simbiont procariot intracitoplasmatic denumit Caedobacter teniospiralis ", "2. produs\u0103 de indivizii rezisten\u0163i de tip \u201ckiller\u201d \u0219i transmis\u0103 prin conjugare indivizilor sensibili ", "3. o substan\u021b\u0103 cu efect l etal asupra indivizilor care con\u021bin particule kappa ", "4. produs\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba genei nucleare K pe baza informa\u0163iei genetice a particulelor kappa Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Peretele celular secundar, spre deosebire de cel primar:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. este mai compact \u0219i mai rigid din punct de vedere ultrastructural ", "2. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u0163ierea citoplasmei la periferia celulei ", "3. con\u0163ine sporopolenine, lignine, ce ruri, suberine, cutine ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 diviziunea celulei vegetale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Proteinele receptori:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. catalizeaz\u0103 diferite reac\u0163ii chimice ", "2. transmit semnale spre interiorul celulei ", "3. recunosc celulele de acela\u015fi tip ", "4. culeg informa\u0163ii din mediu " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Structurile celulei eucariote care con\u021bin informa\u021bii necesare sinteze lor proteice sunt:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. mitocondriile ", "2. nucleii ", "3. cloroplastele ", "4. nucleoizii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prin \u00eencruci\u015fare \u00eentre organismele homozigote care se deosebesc prin trei perechi de caractere (AABBCC X aabbcc), \u00een F 1 rezult\u0103 o descenden\u0163\u0103 care este:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. fenotipic 100% hetero zigot\u0103 ", "2. genotipic 100% triplu -heterozigot\u0103 ", "3. genotip ic 50% homozigot\u0103 dominant\u0103 ", "4. fenotipic identic\u0103 cu unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Natur\u0103 chimic\u0103 polizaharidic\u0103 /predominant polizaharidic\u0103 are:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. peretele celular ", "2. mucusul glicocalixului ", "3. capsula unor procariote ", "4. plasmalema eucariotelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristic e pentru Drosophila melanogaster :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. culoarea normal\u0103 a ochilor, ro\u015fu corai \u015fi cea a corpului, gri ", "2. peste 500 de mutante, pentru \u00eensu\u0219irile fiziologice ", "3. apari\u021bia mutantelor eyeless cu \u0219apte cromozomi ", "4. manifestarea semidominan\u021be \u00een privin\u021ba culorii corpului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caractere determinate de gene dominante autozomale :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. polidactilia ", "2. strung\u0103rea\u021ba ", "3. prognatismul ", "4. dolicocefalia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Neuropatia optic\u0103 Leber se transmite:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. mendelian ", "2. matroclin ", "3. sex -linkat ", "4. non-mendelian " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Blocarea activit\u0103\u021bii fusului de diviziune poate determina formarea:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. aneuploizilor ", "2. game\u021bilor diploizi ", "3. celulelor haploide ", "4. poliploizilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cariotipul unei persoane cu sindromul Klinefelter se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. trei cromozomi acrocentrici \u00een grupa D ", "2. 14 autozomi apartenen\u021bi grupei C ", "3. \u0219ase cromozomi metacentrici \u00een grupa A ", "4. prezen\u021ba unor heterozomi omologi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen anemia falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. hemoglobina normal\u0103 HbA se transform\u0103 \u00een hemoglobin\u0103 anormal\u0103 HbS ", "2. aminoacizii de pe catenele polipeptidice \u03b1 sunt la fel ca \u00een hemoglobina normal\u0103 ", "3. valina \u00eenlocuie\u015fte acidul glutamic din pozi\u0163ia 6 a catenei \u03b2 a hemoglobinei ", "4. hematiile au form\u0103 de secer\u0103 \u0219i pot transporta Plasmodiul malariei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Indivizii umani cu genotip XO \u0219i XY:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. au doar celule somatice cu 2n= 45 ", "2. prezint\u0103 c\u00e2te o cromatin\u0103 sexual\u0103 ", "3. sunt \u00eentotdeauna de sex feminin ", "4. manifest\u0103 gene prin hemizigo\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "IX", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt roluri ale salivei:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Diluarea HCl sau a bilei regurgitate \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103 ", "B. Digestia chimic\u0103 a amidonului preparat p\u00e2n\u0103 la produ\u0219i finali ", "C. Excre\u021bia unor substan\u021be exogene, precum uree, acid uric, creatinin\u0103 ", "D. \u00cendep\u0103rtarea unor bacterii patogene prin ac\u021biunea bactericid\u0103 a mucinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Carboxipeptidazele:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Pot descompune oligopeptidele p\u00e2n\u0103 la aminoacizi ", "B. Se secret\u0103 sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103, fiind activate de c\u0103tre enter ochinaz\u0103 ", "C. Sunt asociate cu microvilii celulelor epiteliale intestinale ", "D. Descompun proteinele fibroase p\u00e2n\u0103 la oligopeptide " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Rezult\u0103 prin combinarea acizilor biliari cu aminoacizi \u0219i cu Na+ ", "B. Faciliteaz\u0103 ac\u021biunea lipazei pancreatice ", "C. Inhib\u0103 motilitatea la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire ", "D. Sunt resorbite pasiv din ileon \u0219i ajung pe cale sanguin\u0103 la ficat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Contrac\u021bia izometric\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Are un randament energetic de 50% ", "B. Se asociaz\u0103 cu mi\u0219carea \u0219i cu producerea de lucru mecanic ", "C. Presupune scurtarea limitat\u0103 a mu\u0219chiului \u0219i sc\u0103derea tensiunii ", "D. Se asociaz\u0103 cu contrac\u021bia izotonic\u0103 \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei fiziologice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la enzimele sucului pancreatic:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Amilaza descompune amidonul, glicogenul \u0219i celuloza ", "B. Lipaza separ\u0103 prin hidro liz\u0103 acizii gra\u0219i de glicerol ", "C. Tripsina \u0219i chimotripsina ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 numai asupra proteinelor par\u021bial digerate ", "D. Lactaza descompun e lactoza din lapte \u00een galactoz\u0103 \u0219i fructoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Substan\u021bele organice ale sucului gastric sunt reprezentate de:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Acidul clorhidric, c are transform\u0103 Fe3+ \u00een Fe2+ absorbabil ", "B. Mucus, o lipoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een protec\u021bia mucoasei gastrice 2 ", " C. Factorul intrinsec, \u00een prezen\u021ba c\u0103ruia se absoarbe o vitamin\u0103 hidrosolubil\u0103 ", "D. Enzimele lipolitice \u0219i proteolitice, clorurile, fosfa\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torul hormon are efect catabolizant asupra metabolismului proteic :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Foliculina ", "B. Cortizolul \u00een ficat ", "C. Somatotropul ", "D. Hidrocortizon ul \u00een mu\u0219chi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cuplarea excita\u021biei cu contrac\u021bia presupune:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Propagarea poten\u021bialului local terminal de plac\u0103 prin sistemul de tuburi T ", "B. Cuplarea actinei cu mioglobina \u0219i hidroliza ATP -ului ", "C. Depolarizarea membranei reticulului sarcoplasmatic \u0219i eliberarea Ca2+ ", "D. \u00cendep\u0103rtarea troponinei din regiunea activ\u0103 a miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Manifest\u0103rile electrice ale contrac\u021biei musculare constau \u00een:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Eliber area unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", "B. Reac\u021bii chimice care asigur\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor mecanice ", "C. Modific\u0103ri de form\u0103 \u0219i de tonus muscular ", "D. Depolarizare \u0219i repolarizare la nivelul sinapsei neuromusculare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la st ern:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Con\u021bine m\u0103duv\u0103 ro\u0219ie hematogen\u0103 numai la f\u0103t \u0219i la copil ", "B. Manubriul sternal se articuleaz\u0103 cu claviculele \u0219i cu prima pereche de coaste ", "C. Apendicele xifoid se articuleaz\u0103 cu coastele false ", "D. Este un os nepereche, cartilaginos p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 40 de ani " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Procesele de putrefac\u021bie din colon genereaz\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Histamin\u0103 \u0219i ti ramin\u0103, care dau mirosul caracteristic materiilor fecale ", "B. Indol, scatol \u0219i amoniac, produ\u0219i ce vor fi detofixica\u021bi \u00een ficat ", "C. Putrescein\u0103 \u0219i cadaverin\u0103, amid e biogene care ajung pe cale portal\u0103 la ficat ", "D. Gaze \u0219i a cizi organi ci \u2013 acetic, lactic, butiric " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Glandele oxintice secret\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. o proenzim\u0103 ce se activeaz\u0103 la contactul cu un acid organic ", "B. un hormon care controleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie \u0219i motorie gastric\u0103 ", "C. o glicoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 2 ", "D. o substan\u021b\u0103 care \u00eempiedic\u0103 proliferarea intragastric\u0103 a unor bacterii patogene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Tonusul muscular este:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. starea de contrac\u021bie u\u0219oar\u0103 a tuturor fibrelor unui mu\u0219chi \u00een repaus ", "B. realizat printr -un mecanism reflex cu punct de plecare la nivelul proprioceptorilor ", "C. caracteristic mu\u0219chilor cu inerva\u021bie vegetativ\u0103 senzitiv\u0103 \u0219i motorie intacte ", "D. variabil, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd \u00een somn \u0219i c\u00e2nd temperatura mediului este sc\u0103zut\u0103 (la frig) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Galactoza se absoarbe:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Prin mecanism de co transport la polul apical al enterocitului ", "B. Prin mecanism pasiv de difuziune la ambii poli ai enterocitului ", "C. Prin transport activ Na+- dependent la polul bazal al enterocitului ", "D. Prin transport activ primar prin membrana bazo -lateral\u0103 a enterocitului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Adrenalina stimuleaz\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Catabolismul acizilor gra\u0219i ", "B. Secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 pancreatice ", "C. Gluconeogeneza muscular\u0103 ", "D. Secre\u021bia de suc intestinal " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nucleii hipotalamici anteriori au rol \u00een:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Controlul hipotalamic asupra secre\u021biei de hormoni adenohipofizari ", "B. Integrarea simpatic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een termoge nez\u0103 ", "C. Sinteza \u0219i eliberarea unor hormoni \u00een sistemul vascular porthipofizar ", "D. Integrarea parasimpatic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een termoliz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la hormonii tropi:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. ACTH stimuleaz\u0103 \u00een principal secre\u021bia zonei glomerulare a corticosuprarenalei ", "B. Hipersecre\u021bia de TSH determin\u0103 hipertrofia glandei tiroide (gu\u0219\u0103) ", "C. FSH stimuleaz\u0103 transformarea foliculului ovarian \u00een corp galben dup\u0103 ovula\u021bie ", "D. LH stimuleaz\u0103 procesul de dezvoltare a a tubilor seminiferi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonul antidiuretic:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Particip\u0103 la procesul de diluare a urinei prin eliminarea excesului de ap\u0103 ", "B. Posed\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi vasoconstrictoare \u0219i hipertensive, \u00een doze normale ", "C. Reduce secre\u021biile tuturor glandelor exocrine \u0219i endocrine ", "D. Poate exercita ac\u021biune stimulatoare asupra peristalti smul intestinal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la procesele de fermenta\u021bie din colon:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Se datoreaz\u0103 unor bacterii anaerobe prezente \u00een colonul proximal ", "B. Presupun degrad\u0103ri ale unor compu\u0219i proteici intermediari sau finali ", "C. Genereaz\u0103 acizi organici \u0219i unele gaze \u2013 CH 4, NH 3, H2S ", "D. Constau \u00een desc ompunerea celulozei cu ajutorul enzimelor microbiene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen insuficien\u021ba tiroidian\u0103 la copil:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Tegumentul este sub\u021bire, cald, umed ", "B. \u021aesuturile se \u00eembib\u0103 cu un edem mucos ", "C. Exist\u0103 fenomenul de hiperfagie ", "D. Se instaleaz\u0103 n ervozitatea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 este reglat\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Umoral, prin stimularea nervilor vagi cu efect insulinosecretor ", "B. De c\u0103tre unii hormoni: gastrin\u0103, glucagon ", "C. Nervos, prin ac\u021biunea direct\u0103 a glucozei asupra celulelor \u03b2 insulare ", "D. De c\u0103tre centrii glicoregl\u0103rii din epitalamus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Corneea:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Joac\u0103 rolul unei lentile divergente cu o putere de 40 de dioptrii ", "B. Con\u021bine vase sanguine \u0219i limfatice ", "C. Este punct de plecare pentru unele reflexe ", "D. \u00ce\u0219i modific\u0103 raza de curbur\u0103 \u00een procesul de acomodare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Este localizat\u0103 \u00een centrul scizurii calcarine ", "B. Prin distrugerea ei se instaleaz\u0103 afazie vizual\u0103 ", "C. La nivelul ei se realizeaz\u0103 senza\u021bia \u0219i recep\u021bia vizual\u0103 ", "D. Este conectat\u0103 direct cu corpul geniculat lateral " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului fotomotor este reprezentat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Fibrele nervului \u0219i tractul ui optic care conduc informa\u021bii vizuale ", "B. Fibre vegetative din structura nervului oculomotor ", "C. Fibre simpatice cu originea \u00een m\u0103duva cervical\u0103 ", "D. Axonii neuronilor bipolari din stratul 8 al re tinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de acomodare pentru vederea de aproape:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Mu\u0219chiul sfincter al irisului se relaxeaz\u0103 ", "B. Impulsul nervos ajunge pe calea nervului III la ganglionul ciliar \u0219i de aici la mu\u0219chiul ciliar ", "C. Fibrele ligamentului suspensor \u0219i cristaloida se tensionea z\u0103 ", "D. Raza de curbur\u0103 \u0219i puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului cresc la valoarea maxim\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la fazele poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Depolarizare \u2013 Na+ difuzeaz\u0103 \u00een afara celulei prin canale speciale ", "B. Repolarizare \u2013 K+ difuzeaz\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 prin canale voltaj -dependente ", "C. Depolarizare \u2013 polaritatea membranei se inverseaz\u0103 prin activarea pompei de Na+/K+ ", "D. Repolarizare \u2013 permeabilitatea membranei pentru K+ cre\u0219te " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Transmiterea sinaptic\u0103 cu ajutorul mediatorilor chimici presupu ne:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Stocarea mediatorului \u00een vezicule derivate din membrana presinaptic\u0103 ", "B. Eliberarea mediatorului \u00een cuante \u00een fanta sinaptic\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea impulsului nervos ", "C. Cuplarea temporar\u0103 a mediatorului cu receptori nespecifici din fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", "D. Inactivarea mediator ului cu ajutorul unor enzime din citoplasma componentei postsinaptice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos simpatic, spre deosebire de cel parasimpatic, prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Distribu\u021bia fibrelor postganglionare limitat\u0103 la cap \u0219i la viscere ", "B. Sinapse interneuronale \u00een ganglioni juxtaviscerali \u0219i intramurali ", "C. Fibre preganglionare mielinic e \u0219i postganglionare amielinice ", "D. Sinapse adren ergice la contactul cu efecto rii vegetativi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile fine (epicritice) se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Axonii neuroni lor talamic i proiectea z\u0103 bilateral \u00een cortexul senzitiv frontal ", "B. Axonii neuronilor bulbari formeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", "C. Axonii deutoneuronilor medulari au traseu prin cordoanele posterioare ", "D. Axonii lungi ai neuronilor ganglionari formeaz\u0103 fasciculele gracilis \u0219i cuneat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic determin\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor piloerectori ", "B. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor oxintice ", "C. Secre\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103 de catecolamine ", "D. Cre\u0219teri ale metabolismului p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100% " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Chilomicronii:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Sunt prelucra\u021bi \u00een enterocit la nivelul aparatului Golgi ", "2. Con\u021bin acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide, colesterol \u0219i proteine ", "3. Sunt elimina\u021bi prin exocitoz\u0103 din enterocit \u00een chilifer ul central ", "4. Sunt transporta\u021bi prin limf\u0103 \u0219i s\u00e2ngele portal c\u0103tre ficat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Motilitatea gastric\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Presupune mi\u0219c\u0103ri tonice \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri peristaltice ", "2. Asigur\u0103 amestecul alimentelor cu sucul gastric \u0219i evacuarea gastric\u0103 ", "3. Realizeaz\u0103 stocarea alimentelor ca urmare a relax\u0103rii receptive ", "4. Este controlat\u0103 nervos \u0219i u moral (prin gastrin\u0103 ) " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la fazele secusei musculare:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Faza de laten\u021b\u0103 \u2013 corespunde pantei ascendente pe o miogram\u0103 ", "2. Faza de laten\u021b\u0103 \u2013 are loc manifestarea electric\u0103 a contrac\u021biei ", "3. Faza de contrac\u021bie \u2013 se produce scurtarea miofil amentelor contractile ", "4. Faza de relaxare \u2013 are loc reacumularea Ca2+ \u00een reticulul sarcoplasmatic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul trapez:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Apar\u021bine grupei mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei ", "2. Coboar\u0103 bra\u021bu l ridicat \u0219i \u00eel rote\u0219te medial ", "3. Este inervat de nervul cranian XI (accesor) ", "4. Este triung hiular, cu v\u00e2rful spre coloana vertebral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre componentele unei articula\u021bii mobile \u0219i rolul lor:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Cartilajul articular \u2013 amortizeaz\u0103 presiunea exercitat\u0103 de oase \u00een timpul mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "2. Ligamentele articulare \u2013 protejeaz\u0103 suprafe\u021bele articulare ", "3. Meniscul articular \u2013 compatibi lizeaz\u0103 suprafe\u021bele articulare ale oaselor din articula\u021bie ", "4. Lichidul sinovial \u2013 \u00eempiedic\u0103 alunecarea suprafe\u021belor articulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul deltoid:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Este un mu\u0219chi superficial, de form\u0103 triunghiular\u0103 ", "2. \u00cenvel e\u0219te articula\u021bia scapulohumeral\u0103 ", "3. Produce abduc\u021bia bra\u021bului p\u00e2n\u0103 la orizontal\u0103 ", "4. Apar\u021bine mu\u0219chilor anterolaterali ai toracelui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chii transver\u0219i:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Apar\u021bin centur ii contractil e a abdomenului ", "2. Sunt mu\u0219chi la\u021bi, situa\u021bi profund fa\u021b\u0103 de oblicul intern ", "3. Trag coastele spre linia median\u0103 \u0219i le coboar\u0103 ", "4. Sunt mu\u0219 chi expiratori accesori , ca \u0219i mu\u0219chii oblici externi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele substan\u021be se pot absorbi pasiv la nivel intestinal :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Riboza ", "2. Fructoza ", "3. Glicerolul ", "4. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scurt de atomi de carbon " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Apar\u021bin grupei mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei urm\u0103torii mu\u0219chi :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Fesieri, care realizeaz\u0103 extensia coapsei pe bazin ", "2. Ridic\u0103tori ai scapulei, care \u00eenclin\u0103 coloana vertebral\u0103 de aceea\u0219i parte ", "3. Din\u021ba\u021bi anteriori \u0219i posteriori, care ridic\u0103 sau coboar\u0103 coastele ", "4. Romboizi, ca re apropie scapulele de coloana vertebral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Articula\u021bia trohlear\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 articular\u0103 \u00een form\u0103 de scripete ", "2. Este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la articularea dintre primele dou\u0103 vertebre cervicale ", "3. Permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri de flexie -extensie \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri reduse de lateralitate ", "4. Este o articula\u021bie sinovial\u0103 care permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een toate planurile spa\u021biului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Acromegalia se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Hiperostoz\u0103 la nivelul vertebrelor toracice ", "2. Apari\u021bia de falange cu mo\u021b la nivelul m\u00e2inilor ", "3. Cre\u0219terea oaselor craniene \u0219i l\u0103rgirea sinusurilor ", "4. Hipertrofiere la nivelul segmentelor distale ale membrelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea rezervelor adipoase prin activarea lipolizei ", "2. Men\u021bin secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 al\u0103turi de prolactin\u0103 ", "3. M\u0103resc diureza, urmare a gener\u0103rii produ\u0219i lor finali de metabolism ", "4. Inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor \u0219i activitatea lor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale STH -ului:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin diminuarea consumului tisular de glucoz\u0103 ", "2. Sc\u0103derea concentra\u021biei aminoacizilor plasmatici, prin activarea sintezei de proteine ", "3. Cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin stimularea desc\u0103rc\u0103rii de glucoz\u0103 din ficat ", "4. Sc\u0103derea lipemiei, prin inhibarea mobiliz\u0103rii acizilor gra\u0219i din depozitele lipidice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonii mineralocorticoizi:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Sunt compu\u0219i sterolici sintetiza\u021bi de zona reticul at\u0103 ", "2. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de aldosteron \u0219i corticosteron ", "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal pe metabolismul intermediar ", "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia tubular\u0103 a ionilor de hidrogen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia medulosuprarenalei este:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Reglat\u0103 pe cale nervoas\u0103 ", "2. Afectat\u0103 prin sec\u021bionarea marelui nerv splanhnic ", "3. Stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune \u0219i durere ", "4. Controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre hipotalamusul posterior " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonii care intervin \u00een metabolismul apei \u0219i al s\u0103rurilor minerale exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. ADH stimuleaz\u0103 re absorb\u021bia facultativ\u0103 a apei ", "2. Aldosteronul scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ ", "3. STH cre\u0219te bilan\u021bul pozitiv al Na+, K+ \u0219i Ca2+ \u00een organism ", "4. Parathormonul cre\u0219te elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sursele energetice ale contrac\u021biei musculare pot fi produse prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Fosforilarea ADP (transferul grup\u0103rii fosfat de la CP la ADP) ", "2. Glicoliza anaerob\u0103, cu formarea a 2 molecule de compus macroergic ", "3. Oxidarea acetilCoA \u00een ciclul Krebs , asociat cu fosforilarea oxidativ\u0103 ", "4. Glicoliza aerob\u0103, cu formarea a 38 de molecule de ATP " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Expresia clinic\u0103 a hipersecre\u021biei de glucocorticoizi presupune:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. G\u00e2t \u00eengro\u0219at \u0219i abdomen destins, voluminos ", "2. \u00cennegrirea p\u0103rului, pigmentarea pielii, vitiligo ", "3. Formarea unui panicul adipos interscapular ", "4. \u00cengro\u0219area membrelor prin depunere de \u021besut adipos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Evacuarea bilei:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Este determinat\u0103 pe cale nervoas\u0103, prin stimularea vagal\u0103 ", "2. Se produce sub ac\u021biunea colecistochininei eliberat\u0103 de mucoasa gastric\u0103 ", "3. Este consecin\u021ba contrac\u021biei musculaturii netede veziculare ", "4. Presupune relaxarea sfincter ului Oddi, urmare a stimul\u0103rii simpatice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Segmentul de conducere al analizatorului auditiv:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103 protoneuroni bipolari situa\u021bi \u00een organul Corti ", "2. Include neuroni localiza\u021bi \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", "3. Prezint\u0103 ultimul neuron la nivelul corpului geniculat lateral ", "4. Con\u021bine fibre car e formeaz\u0103 corpul trapezoid " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Otita medie purulent\u0103 acut\u0103 poate fi :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Consecutiv\u0103 unei r\u0103celi sau amigdalite ", "2. Cauzat\u0103 de patogeni vehicula\u021bi din nazofaringe ", "3. Asociat\u0103 cu perforarea membranei timpanice ", "4. Mai frecvent\u0103 la copii a c\u0103ror tromp\u0103 Eustachio este scurt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Localizarea primului neuron \u00een ganglioni nervo\u0219i ", "2. Conducerea unor impulsuri din nucleul tractul ui solitar spre nucleii salivatori ", "3. Includerea deutoneuronului \u00eentr -un nucleu senzitiv bulbar ", "4. Absen\u021ba receptorilor gustativi din papilele filiforme " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la gusturile fundamentale:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Gustul acru este produs de acidul glutamic sau sarea acestuia cu Na+ ", "2. Gustul s\u0103rat este determinat de s\u0103ruri ionizante ", "3. Gustul dulce este produs numai de zaharuri ", "4. Gustul amar este dat de mai multe categorii de substan\u021be chimice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Acetilcolina este implicat\u0103 \u00een transmiterea sinaptic\u0103 de la nivelul:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Ganglionilor laterovertebrali ", "2. Pl\u0103cilor motorii ", "3. Medulosuprarenalei ", "4. Ganglionilor spinali " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nervul vag:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103 fibre vegetative care inerveaz\u0103 vezica urinar\u0103 ", "2. Asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 a inimii \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "3. Inerveaz\u0103 prin fibre somatomotorii mucoasa faringian\u0103 ", "4. Con\u021bine fibre viscerosenzitive cu rol de baro - sau chemoreceptori " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglion ii de pe traseul unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti pot realiza sinapse cu:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Celulele receptoare situate pe membrana bazilar\u0103 ", "2. Celule epiteliale de tip senzorial ", "3. Celulele receptoare ale maculei otolitice saculare ", "4. Receptorii gustativi de la nivelul mucoasei linguale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stimularea SNV simpatic determin\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 apoas\u0103 abundent\u0103 ", "2. Contrac\u021bia musculaturii bron\u0219ice ", "3. Adaptare pentru vederea de aproape ", "4. Relaxarea musculaturii vezicii urina re " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nucleii motori ai nervilor cranieni din mezencefal:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Primesc aferen\u021be de la nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", "2. Trimit impulsuri motorii celor 6 mu\u0219chi extrinseci oculari ", "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la neocortexul motor ", "4. Trimit eferen\u021be la mu\u0219chii irisului \u0219i ai corpului ciliar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fibre postganglionare simpatice:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Pot intra \u00een alc\u0103tuirea ramur ei comunicant e cenu\u0219i i ", "2. Formeaz\u0103 cei trei nervi splanhnici ", "3. Conduc impulsuri motorii pentru musculatura neted\u0103 ", "4. Pornesc din m\u0103duva toracolombar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Axonii neuronilor din nucleii bulbari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Mu\u0219chii extr inseci ai globului ocular ", "2. Neuronii bipolari din ganglionul Scarpa ", "3. Cerebelul, prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i superiori ", "4. Neuronii somatomotori din coarnele anterioare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Expunerea ochiului la lu min\u0103 determin\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. mic\u0219orarea pupilei prin contrac\u0163ia mu\u015fchiului circular ciliar ", "B. descompunerea iodopsinei \u00een retinen \u0219i scotopsin\u0103 ", "C. transformarea \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari a retinolului \u00een retinen ", "D. modific\u0103ri ale conductan\u0163elor ionice de la nivelul membranei neuronilor unipolari " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt roluri ale sistemului osos:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. locomo\u021bia, prin p\u00e2rghia de ordinul II la care for\u021ba activ\u0103 este asigurat \u0103 de tricepsul sural ", "B. depozitarea calciului, sub influen\u021ba principalului hormon al parotidelor ", "C. protec\u021bia vezicii urinare, a ovarelor \u015fi rin ichilor de c\u0103tre bazin (pelvisul osos) ", "D. antitoxic, fa\u021b\u0103 de substan\u021be de provenien\u021b\u0103 exogen\u0103: mercur, fosfor, plumb " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la fibrele din componen\u021ba nervilor cranieni:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. fibrele cu originea \u00een ganglionul geniculat se te rmin\u0103 la nivelul trunchiului cerebral \u00een nucleul de origine a fibrelor visceromotorii pentru glandele sublinguale ", "B. fibrele senzoriale ale perechilor de nervi X, IX, VIII, VII \u015fi II se termin\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral ", "C. fibrele care pornesc din ganglionul Scarpa se termin\u0103 \u00een nuclei care reprezint\u0103 originea unor fascicule cu termina\u021bie \u00een talamus, mezencefal, cerebel \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", "D. fibrele somatosenzitive ale nervului V se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus, \u00een nuclei de releu " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Calea vestibular\u0103 prezin t\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. \u00eencepe la celulele senzoriale din sacul\u0103 care sunt stimulate de deplasarea cristalelor de carbonat de calciu \u0219i magneziu \u00een timpul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een plan vertical ", "B. con\u021bine nuclei care reprezint\u0103 originea unor fibre ce trec prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i inferiori \u0219i superiori, av\u00e2nd proiec\u021bie \u00een cortexul cerebelos ", "C. prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu nucleii de origine ai fibrelor preganglionare mezencefalice destinate mu\u0219chilor extrinseci ai globului ocular ", "D. are al treilea neuron localiza t \u00een componenta diencefalic\u0103 care prime\u0219te eferen\u021be ale neocerebelului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este men\u021binut prin func\u021bionarea pompei Na+ \u2013 K+ care scoate din celul\u0103 3 K+ \u0219i introduce 2 Na+ ", "B. este datorat prezen\u0163ei unor m olecule nedifuzibile cu localizare intracelular\u0103 ", "C. are valoarea apropiat\u0103 de poten\u021bialul de echilibru pentru Na+ ", "D. \u00een timpul s\u0103u, membrana este permeabil\u0103 pentru Na+ \u0219i impermeabil\u0103 pentru K+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul trapez:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. este inervat de nervul XI prin ramura intern\u0103 care p\u0103trunde \u00een nervul vag ", "B. coboar\u0103 omoplatul prin contrac\u021bie unilateral\u0103 ", "C. se contract\u0103 reflex prin stimularea fusurilor neuromusculare din structura sa ", "D. este un mu\u0219chi lat, cu v\u00e2rful spre coloana vertebral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Structurile secretorii din componen\u021ba glandelor mixte pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. acinii pancreatici insulari produc sucul pancreatic alcalin eliminat prin dou\u0103 canale \u00een duoden ", "B. celulele \u03b2 ale insulelor Langerhans produc insulina care stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza trigliceridelor \u00een \u021besutul ne rvos ", "C. celulele parenchimului secretor folicular \u015fi insular secret\u0103 hormoni de aceea\u015fi natur\u0103 chimic\u0103 ", "D. celulele corpului galben secret\u0103 progesteron sub influen\u021ba LH -ului adeno hipofizar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici structurale \u015fi func\u0163ionale ale mu\u015fchilor stria\u0163i:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 sarcomere ca unit\u0103\u021bi morfo -func\u021bionale ", "B. \u00ee\u0219i \u00eentre\u021bin tonusul datorit\u0103 unei inerva\u021bii vegetative intacte ", "C. pot avea inerva\u021bia senzitiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de dendrite cu originea \u00een ganglionul Gasser ", "D. au inerva\u021bia motorie asigurat\u0103 \u0219i de motoneuronii \u03b3 la nivelu l extremit\u0103\u0163ilor nucleate ale fibrelor intrafusale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. este deservit\u0103 de corpusculi senzitivi, localiza\u021bi \u00een toate straturile pielii ", "B. poate avea deutoneuronii c\u0103ilor de conducere localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare \u0219i \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", "C. este condus\u0103 prin c\u0103i ascendente specifice fiec\u0103rui tip de sensibilitate, cu conducere lent\u0103 ", "D. are proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 \u00een neocortexul receptor din girusul precentral, cu func\u021bie senzitivo -senzorial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Defectele de vedere cau zate de tulbur\u0103ri de refrac\u021bie se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. miopia \u2013 refrac\u021bia razelor de lumin\u0103 se produce \u00een spatele retinei ", "B. astigmatismul \u2013 axul antero -posterior al globului ocular este mai mare dec\u00e2t axul ochiului normal ", "C. daltonismul \u2013 se manifest\u0103 cu frecve n\u021b\u0103 mai mare la persoanele de sex b\u0103rb\u0103tesc ", "D. prezbitismul \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile convergente " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Motilitatea tubului digestiv este influen\u021bat\u0103 reflex de impulsurile transmise prin fibrele:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. preganglionare parasimpatice cu originea \u00een segmentele medulare T 6-L2 ", "B. nervului pneumogastric, pentru peristaltismul esofagian secundar ", "C. parasimpatice mielinizate ale nervilor pelvici \u0219i ale vagului, la nivelul intestinului gros ", "D. visceromotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu din bulbul rahidian " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. dete rmin\u0103 prin stimulare bronhoconstric\u021bie \u0219i cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei tuturor glandelor digestive ", "B. are originea aparent\u0103 \u00een \u0219an\u021bul retroolivar, ca \u0219i nervii hipoglos, glosofaringian \u0219i accesor ", "C. particip\u0103, prin fibrele senzitive, la formarea c\u0103ii aferente a reflexulu i depresor cardiovascular ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea la nivelul tuturor segmentelor toracice \u0219i abdominale ale tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la influen \u0163a hormonilor asupra metabolismului :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. \u00een inani\u021bie, la nivelul hepatocitelor , are loc gluconeogeneza sub ac\u021biunea glucagonului ", "B. epinefrina, tiroxina \u0219i hormonul somatotrop intensific\u0103 glicogenoliza \u0219i proteogeneza ", "C. sub influen\u021ba cortizolului scade num\u0103rul eozinofilelor, bazofilelor \u015fi limfocitelor ", "D. triiodotironina, testosteronul \u015fi i nsulina stimuleaz\u0103 proteogeneza \u015fi lipoliza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Este mu\u0219chi expirator accesor:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. pectoralul mic, situat \u00een plan superficial la nivelul toracelui ", "B. oblicul extern, localizat lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chii drep\u021bi abdominali ", "C. subclavicularul, situat \u00een plan profund la nivel toracal ", "D. din\u021batul anterior, localizat caudal fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chiul pectoral mare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fosfolipidele:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. permit difuziunea prin plasmalem\u0103 a gazelor respiratorii, ureei, etanolului, corticotropinei ", "B. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia chilomicronilor sintetiza\u021bi \u00een prezen\u021ba enzimei lip oproteinlipaza ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranei bilaminare a mitocondriilor \u015fi a dictiozomilor ", "D. sunt prezente \u00een compozi\u021bia bilei, excretat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba acetilcolinei \u0219i colecistokininei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Glandele exocrine digestive se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. eliberarea \u00een lumen ul intestinal a enzimelor proteolitice, lipolitice \u0219i glicolitice - glandele Lieberkuhn ", "B. secre\u0163ia potasiului sub influen\u0163a hormonului secretat la nivelul zonei fasciculate a CSR - glandele colice ", "C. stimularea motilit\u0103\u0163ii gastrice \u0219i a secre\u021biei de HCl \u2013 glandele pilorice prin excre\u0163ia gastrinei \u00een stomac ", "D. secre\u0163ia unei glicoproteine care asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 12 \u2013 glandele oxintice din regiunea " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Substan\u0163ele de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 \u00eendeplinesc, \u00een organism, urm\u0103toarele roluri:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. insulina, STH \u015fi estrogenii - stimulez\u0103 cre\u015fterea organismului ", "B. asigur\u0103 digestia intracelular\u0103 la nivel lizozomal \u015fi mitocondrial ", "C. constituie substratul molecular al contrac\u021biei musculare ", "D. tiroxina, STH, cortizolul liber - stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul lipidic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La ni velul \u021besutului osos:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. activitatea osteoblastelor este stimulat\u0103 de testosteron, STH, parathormon ", "B. se depoziteaz\u0103 s\u0103ruri fosfocalcice \u0219i o substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 cristalin\u0103 numit\u0103 hidroxiapatit\u0103 ", "C. activitatea osteoclastelor este inhibat\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea celulelor fol iculare C ale tiroidei ", "D. pot ap\u0103rea deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u015fi frontal , \u00een boala Recklinghausen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organe prezint\u0103 func\u021bie endocrin\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. stomacul \u2013 gastrin\u0103, somatomedine ", "B. duodenul \u2013 secretin\u0103, colecistochinin\u0103 ", "C. rinichiul \u2013 eritropoietin\u0103, soma tostatin\u0103 ", "D. nucleii hipotalamici mijlocii \u2013 ADH, ocitocin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonul luteotrop:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. este un hormon glandulotrop secretat de adenohipofiz\u0103 ", "B. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor intersti\u021biale Leydig din structura gonadelor masculine ", "C. stimuleaz\u0103 ovula\u021bia la femei, \u00een ziua a 14 -a a ciclului ovarian ", "D. determin\u0103 manifestarea unor caractere sexuale secundare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale nervilor cranieni:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. n. III \u2013 prin fibrele somatomotorii determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ridic\u0103tori ai pleoapei superioare, realiz\u00e2nd reflexul de clipire mezencefalic ", "B. n. X \u2013 prin fibrele visceromotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul bulbar dorsal, determin\u0103 secre\u021bia unei salive apoase \u015fi cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de bil\u0103, suc pancreatic \u0219i suc intestinal ", "C. n. XI \u2013 prin fibrele somatomotorii cu origine bul bar\u0103, determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi ai g\u00e2tului, spatelui \u0219i cefei ", "D. n. V \u2013 prin fibrele somatosenzitive ale ramurii oftalmice \u015fi maxilare, transmite informa\u0163ii de la nivelul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celulele mitrale:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. genereaz\u0103 impulsuri care ajung \u00een paleocort ex pe calea nervilor olfactivi ", "B. sunt celule epiteliale senzoriale din bulbul olfactiv ", "C. fac sinaps\u0103 cu axoni ai unor celule bipolare la nivelul glomerulilor ", "D. formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een thalamus " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. un strat pro fund \u2013 dermul germinativ, bogat \u00een fascicule d e fibre colagenice \u0219i elastic e ", "B. papile dermice, ca ni\u0219te ridic\u0103turi tronconice localizate la nivelul stratului reticular ", "C. corpusculii Pacini, cei mai mari mecanoreceptori, rapid adaptabili, care recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 pre siunea ", "D. receptori pentru atingere, cu localizare \u00een por\u0163iunea subiacent\u0103 epidermului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la ac\u021biunile unor mu\u0219chi stria\u021bi scheletici:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. m. sternocleidomastoidian produce flexia capului, \u00een contrac\u021bie unilateral\u0103 ", "B. m. bice ps femural este flexor al coapsei \u0219i extensor al gambei ", "C. m. deltoid ridic\u0103 bra\u021bul \u00een pozi\u0163ie vertical \u0103, realiz\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea de abduc\u021bie a bra\u021bului ", "D. m. marele dorsal este adductor \u0219i rotator intern al bra\u021bului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos parasimpatic, spre deosebire de s istemul nervos simpatic, prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. distribu\u021bia unor fibre pe mu\u0219chii circulari ai irisului \u0219i corpului ciliar ", "B. sinapse \u00een ganglionii cervicali de unde pornesc fibre spre viscerele capului ", "C. dou\u0103 categorii de axoni pe calea eferent\u0103: mielinici \u0219i amielinici ", "D. sinapse mediate de acetilcolin\u0103 la nivelul ganglionilor vegetativi ai eferen\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prin osificare encondral\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 integral:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. osul nepereche \u0219i mobil al viscerocraniului ", "B. oasele pereche ale neurocraniului \u00eentre care exist\u0103 o sutur\u0103 din\u021bat\u0103 ", "C. osul care formea z\u0103 centura scapular\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu omoplatul ", "D. oasele care prin suprapunerea lor delimiteaz\u0103 canalul rahidian " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Procesul de acomodare a ochiului se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. r\u0103spunsul reflex presupune \u0219i participarea mu\u0219chilor netezi viscerali ai irisului \u0219i mu\u0219chil or stria\u021bi extrinseci ai globului ocular ", "B. acomodarea la nivelul punctului proximum cre\u0219te tensiunea \u00een ligamentul suspensor \u0219i cristaloid\u0103, iar raza de curbur\u0103 a lentilei se m\u0103re\u015fte ", "C. este un reflex parasimpatic mezencefalic la care particip\u0103 \u0219i centr ii corti cali din ariile vizuale primare \u0219i secundare ", "D. organul activ al acomod\u0103rii este cristalinul, organ avascular, cu nutri\u021bie indirect\u0103 de la procesele ciliare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fasciculele ascendente \u00eencruci\u0219ate care nu fac sinaps\u0103 la nivelul trunchiului cerebral:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. au \u00eentotdeau na orig inea la nivelul unor componente extranevraxial e ", "B. con\u021bin axoni ai neuronilor somato - \u0219i viscerosenzitivi din cornul posterior ", "C. se pot proiecta la nivelul lobului anterior al cerebelului ", "D. sunt situate \u00een cordoanele laterale \u0219i posterioare ale m\u0103duvei spi n\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. se propag\u0103 \u00een ambele sensuri \u00een fibra nervoas\u0103 izolat\u0103, ca \u0219i poten\u021bialul terminal de plac\u0103 ", "B. cuprinde o pant\u0103 ascendent\u0103 \u2013 depolarizarea, produs\u0103 de pompa Na+ \u2013 K+ ", "C. include depolarizarea, produs\u0103 prin deschiderea canalelor de K+ voltaj dependente ", "D. prezint\u0103 o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 \u2013 repolarizarea, cu durat\u0103 mai mare \u00een fibra miocardic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps poate fi realizat\u0103 prin impulsuri nervoase:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. generate la nivelul termina\u021biilor senzitive ale fusului neuromuscula r \u0219i transmise neuronilor \u03b1 medulari ", "B. transmise de neuronii \u03b1 din coarnele laterale medulare c\u0103tre fibrele extrafusale ", "C. generate la nivelul ariei motorii primare de la nivelul girusului precentral din lobul parietal ", "D. transmise prin fascicule cu origine cortic al\u0103, situate periferi c, la nivelul cordonului lateral " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Neuronii bipolari pot realiza sinapse interneuronale cu:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. neuroni din nuclei senzitivi localiza\u021bi \u00een bulbul rahidian \u0219i puntea lui Varolio ", "2. neuroni de origine ai tracturilor cu termina\u021bie \u00een metatalamus ", "3. neuroni de origine ai tracturilor cu proiec\u021bie \u00een paleocortex ", "4. fotoreceptorii de la nivelul petei galbene retiniene " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. boala Conn \u2013 hipersecre\u021bi e de aldosteron \u2013 edeme, hipertensiune arterial\u0103 ", "2. tetania \u2013 hiposecre\u021bie de calcitonin\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219terea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare ", "3. sindromul Cushing \u2013 hipersecre\u021bie de ACTH \u2013 astenie muscular\u0103, hiperglicemie ", "4. gu\u0219a endemic\u0103 \u2013 hiposecre\u021bie de T 3 \u0219i T 4 \u2013 intens ificarea pierderilor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hipoglicemia poate determina:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din \u021besutul adipos, sub influen\u021ba cortizolului liber ", "2. eliberarea unei neurosecre\u021bii sub influen\u021ba impulsurilor transmise prin fibre preganglionare lungi ", "3. glicogenoliz\u0103 , sub influen\u021ba tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", "4. intensificarea gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u0219i colesterol sub influen\u021ba glucocorticoizilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Echilibrul electrolitic al organismului este influen\u021bat de reten\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. calciului, la nivel duodenal , sub influen\u021ba vitaminei D 3 ", "2. fierului oxidat, sub influen\u021ba vitaminei C ", "3. clorului, la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire \u0219i gros, prin procese pasive ", "4. anionilor de sodiu, fosfor, calciu, potasiu, sub influen\u021ba STH " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Catecolaminele:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sunt neurosecre\u021bii eliberate exclusi v la nivelul medularei glandelor suprarenale ", "2. influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea sistemului nervos \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cortizolul \u0219i tiroxina ", "3. sunt secretate \u00een raport constant, pe baza mecanismelor de reglaj exclusiv nervoase ", "4. induc glicogenoliza hepatic\u0103, cre\u0219terea frecven\u021be i cardiace \u0219i contrac\u021bia splinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Talamusul prezint\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. cerebelul, prin eferen\u021be ale acestuia care str\u0103bat pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i superiori ", "2. neocortexul receptor din lobii temporali ", "3. ariile corticale senzitive primare \u015fi secundare ", "4. fascicu lele Goll \u015fi Burdach care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin cordoanele posterioare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt procese active :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. secre\u021bia \u0219i absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor biliare ", "2. recuperarea Ca2+ de c\u0103tre reticulul sarcoplasmatic ", "3. excita\u021bia \u0219i inhibi\u021bia cortical\u0103 ", "4. absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei cuplat \u0103 cu anioni de sodium " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Activitatea unor enzime digestive este determinat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. produsul anorganic de secre\u021bie al glandelor oxintice, stimulate de gastrin\u0103 \u0219i epinefrin\u0103 ", "2. s\u0103rurile biliare, pentru enzimele intestinale sub ac\u021biunea c\u0103rora se elibereaz\u0103 acizi gr a\u0219i \u0219i glicogen ", "3. trips ina pancreatic\u0103, eliberat\u0103 \u0219i activat\u0103 de chemotripsin\u0103 la nivelul intestinului proximal ", "4. produ\u0219i de secre\u021bie ai hepatocitelor, pentru unele enzime care hidrolizeaz\u0103 esteri insolubili \u00een ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la ionii de potasiu sunt corecte u rm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. valoarea poten\u021bialul ui membranar este apropiat\u0103 de cea a echilibrului pentru ace\u0219ti ioni ", "2. potasemia este dependent\u0103 \u0219i de mecanismul de feed -back hipotalamo -hipofizar ", "3. efluxul acestora cre\u0219te la finalul perioadei refractare absolute ", "4. potasemia se regleaz\u0103 umoral \u00een func\u021bie de pH -ul mediului intern " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Femurul:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este cel mai lung os al piciorului format prin osteogenez\u0103 encondral\u0103 ", "2. particip\u0103 , \u00een cazul copiilor , la hematopoieza diafizar\u0103 ", "3. se articuleaz\u0103 prin epifiza proximal\u0103 cu extremitatea med ial\u0103 a osului coxal ", "4. particip\u0103 prin epifiza superioar\u0103 la formarea unei articula\u021bii biel\u0103 - manivel\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt proteine implicate \u00een metabolismul glucidic:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. insulina, secretat\u0103 de celulele \u03b2 insulare - prin glicogenogenez\u0103 ", "2. tripsinogenul, activat de enterokinaz\u0103 \u2013 prin descompunerea proteinelor ", "3. triiodotironina, secretat\u0103 de celulele foliculare - prin stimularea glicogenolizei ", "4. lactaza pancreatic\u0103 - prin descompunerea lactozei \u00een glucoz\u0103 \u015fi galactoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt hormoni cu efect anabolizant proteic \u0219i catabolizant gluci dic:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. estrogenii, secreta\u021bi de CSR, care stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza pro teic\u0103 \u015fi glicogenoliza muscular\u0103 ", "2. hormonul secretat de 60 -70% din celulele insulare, care scade proteoliza \u0219i induce glicoliza ", "3. catecolaminele, secretate sub efectul SNV simpatic \u0219i eliberate ca n eurosecre\u021bii \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "4. STH, care mobilizeaz\u0103 glicogenul \u015fi stimuleaz\u0103 \u00eencorporarea aminoacizilor \u00een noi proteine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. celulele neciliate ale epiteliului senzorial al maculelor utriculare sunt stimulate de modific\u0103ri ale acce lera\u021biei \u00een ", "2. toate c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ilor extero -, proprio - \u015fi interoceptive includ sinapse \u00eentr-un etaj diencefalic ", "3. trunchiul cerebral prime\u0219te aferen\u021be exclusiv pe c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor gustativ\u0103, vestibular\u0103, exteroceptiv\u0103 \u0219i propriocepti v\u0103 ", "4. camera posterioar\u0103 a globului ocular este situat\u0103 \u00eentre fa\u021ba posterioar\u0103 a irisului \u0219i fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a cristalinului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la pancreas sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. produsul de secre\u021bie al celulelor \u03b1 stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea exocrin\u0103 a hep atocitelor ", "2. hiposecre\u021bia principalului hormon afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bional sistemul nervos \u015fi cardiovascular ", "3. celulele exocrine , stimulate vagal , secret\u0103 enzime care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 la un pH alcalin ", "4. secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 poate fi reglat\u0103 nervos \u0219i prin intermediul altor hormoni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Dezechilibrele hidro -electrolitice pot fi cauzate de tulbur\u0103ri de secre\u021bie ale:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. corticosuprarenalei glomerulare ", "2. tiroidei parafoliculare ", "3. pancreasului endocrin ", "4. lobului posterior hipofizar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. tecile conjunctive sunt dispuse \u00een urm\u0103toarea ordine: fascia, perimisium, epimisium, endomisium ", "2. sarcomerul este format din dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de benzi I \u0219i o band\u0103 A ", "3. fibrele extrafusale se prind de tendon sau de extremit\u0103\u021bile fibrelor intrafusale ", "4. sarcolema fibr elor musculare prezint\u0103 numeroase cute la nivelul pl\u0103cii motorii colinergice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Activitatea sistemului nervos este influen\u021bat\u0103 de urm\u0103torii hormoni:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. epinefrin\u0103 ", "2. cortizol ", "3. insulin\u0103 ", "4. triiodotironin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Proprioceptorii se caracterizeaz\u0103 func\u021bional prin:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. fusurile ne uromusculare previn relaxarea mu\u0219chilor scheletici ", "2. corpusculii Vater -Pacini genereaz\u0103 impulsuri la modific\u0103ri de presiune ", "3. corpusculii Golgi previn contrac\u021bia excesiv\u0103 a mu\u0219chilor ", "4. corpusculii Ru ffini, din profunzimea capsulei articulare, transmit sensibilit atea dureroas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea intestinal\u0103 \u0219i asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia a 40% din lipidele ingerate ", "2. sunt absorbite pasiv \u00een intestinul proximal, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu vitaminele A, D, E, K ", "3. emulsioneaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile \u00eempreun\u0103 cu lecitina \u0219i activeaz\u0103 to ate lipazele digestive ", "4. sunt sintetizate pornind de la acizi biliari deriva\u021bi din colesterol " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Neurohormonii sunt produ\u0219i la nivelul:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. nucleilor hipotalamusului mijlociu ", "2. medulosuprarenalei ", "3. nucleilor hipotalamusului anterior ", "4. sistemului nervos enteric " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt c orecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la componentele scheletului:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. cutiei toracice \u2013 sternul este un os lat, articulat direct, superior \u0219i lateral, cu 7 arcuri osteocartilaginoase ", "2. membrului inferior liber \u2013 osul sesamoid este articulat posterior, pri n baza sa, cu epifiza distal\u0103 a femurului \u0219i inferior cu epifizele tibiei \u0219i fibulei ", "3. membrului superior \u2013 format din 30 oase: humerus, radius, fibula, 8 carpiene, 5 metacarpiene \u0219i 14 falange ", "4. coloanei vertebrale \u2013 pediculii vertebrali delimiteaz\u0103 prin supra punere orificiile de conjugare str\u0103b\u0103tute de fibrele nervilor spinali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Parathormonul:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. controleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unei vitamine liposolubile ", "2. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea osteoblastelor ", "3. cre\u0219te excre\u021bia renal\u0103 a fosfa\u021bilor anorganici ", "4. produce spasme musculare \u00een hipersecr e\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Inhibi\u0163ia condi\u0163ionat\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. poate fi declan\u015fat\u0103 de un stimul nou, necunoscut - inhibi\u0163ia de stingere ", "2. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u015fi \u00een etaje subcorticale ", "3. se instaleaz\u0103 prin aplic\u0103ri repetate ale unui stimul necondi\u0163ionat, cu intensitate var iabil\u0103 ", "4. poate ap\u0103rea dup\u0103 formarea unui reflex condi\u0163ionat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stimularea simpaticului produce urm\u0103toarele efecte asupra sistemelor implicate \u00een realizarea func\u021biilor de nutri\u021bie:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. reducerea debitului urinar \u0219i a secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 ", "2. contrac\u021bia sfincterelor dige stive \u0219i diminuarea secre\u021biei glandelor digestive ", "3. inhibarea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "4. anxietate, stare de alert\u0103 cortical\u0103 \u0219i fric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Labfermentul:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este prezent \u00een secre\u021bia digestiv\u0103 care con\u021bine \u0219i elastaz\u0103 ", "2. este activ la sugari, u nde coaguleaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile din lapte ", "3. este activat de c\u0103tre tripsin\u0103 \u00een intestinul superior ", "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een segmentul tubului digestiv \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 albumoze " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lobii cerebelului prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. lobul anterior contro leaz\u0103 tonusul muscular, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nucleul ro\u0219u ", "2. lobul cel mai vechi filogenetic moduleaz\u0103 mi\u015fc\u0103rile comandate de cortexul motor ", "3. lobul floculonodular este conectat aferent \u0219i eferent cu nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", "4. paleocerebelul determin\u0103 armonizarea acti vit\u0103\u0163ii diferitelor grupe musculare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen prezen\u021ba Ca2+ se produce:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. cuplarea celor dou\u0103 tipuri de proteine contractile din mu\u0219chi ", "2. cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a vitaminei D 3 ", "3. coagularea laptelui prin formarea unei substan\u021be insolubile ", "4. formarea cristalelor de hidroxiapatit\u0103 \u00een combina\u021bie cu fluorul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 este:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. stimulat\u0103 de hormonul care produce relaxarea sfincterelui Oddi ", "2. inhibat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba catecolaminelor secretate de MSR ", "3. stimulat\u0103 de hormonul secretat de celulele G pilorice ", "4. inhibat\u0103 p rin cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei plasmatice a glucoze i " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii epicritice de la nivelul trunchiului :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", "2. axonii protoneuronilor ajung la nivelul bulbulu i rahidian ", "3. axonii deutoneuronilor decuseaz\u0103 la nivel pedu ncular ", "4. axonii neuronilor talamici au proiec\u021bie \u00een neocortexul senzitiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Articula\u021biile care permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de abduc\u021bie -adduc\u021bie sunt:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. \u00een \u0219a ", "2. trohleare ", "3. cotilice ", "4. trohoide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sinapse interneuronale se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een ganglionii :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Spinali ", "B. Intramurali ", "C. Scarpa \u0219i Corti ", "D. Inferio ri \u0219i superiori ai nervilor IX \u0219i X " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Neuronii multipolari pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Dendritele neuronului pseudounipolar din ganglionul spinal ", "B. Celulele senzoriale din melcul membranos ", "C. Motoneuroni din toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", "D. Numai cu neuroni bipolari , la nivelul retinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de scapul\u0103 printr -un tendon ", "B. \u00cen reflexul de extensie se contract\u0103 ", "C. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de radius \u0219i uln\u0103 prin 2 tendoane ", "D. Prime\u0219te impulsuri prin fibre nervoase cu origine \u00een ganglioni paravertebrali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Catecolaminele :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Sunt secretate de c\u0103tre zona intern\u0103 a CSR ", "B. Intervin \u00een faza de rezisten\u021b\u0103 a st\u0103rii de stres ", "C. Au hiposecre\u021bia asociat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia unor tumori: feocromocitom ", "D. Descompun un polizahari d depozitat la nivel hepatic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Sucul pancreatic con\u021bine enterokinaz\u0103, secretat\u0103 de celulele acinare, cu rol \u00een activarea tripsinogenului ", "B. Nucleul salivator bulbar, nervul IX \u0219i ganglionul otic sunt implica\u021bi \u00ee n declan\u0219area unei secre\u021bii seroase ", "C. Secre\u021bia hepatocitelor poate fi crescut\u0103 de glucagon \u0219i prin impulsuri transmise de fibrele parasimpatice ale nervilor pelvieni ", "D. Adrenalina contract\u0103 sfin cterele digestive \u0219i cre\u0219te frecven\u021ba contrac\u021biilor peristaltice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bi a corect \u0103 referitoare la inerva\u021bia stomacului:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Asigur\u0103, prin componenta parasimpatic\u0103, stimularea secre\u021biei de HCl, efect produs \u0219i de somatostatin\u0103 ", "B. Include \u0219i fibre motorii vegetative cu originea \u00een bulb, punte \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", "C. Este asigur at\u0103 \u0219i de fibre viscerosenz itive cu originea \u00een ganglioni intramurali ", "D. Este asigurat\u0103 indirect \u0219i de impulsurile transmise prin fibre mielinice incluse \u00een structura nervului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Glandele pilori ce elibereaz\u0103 \u00een sucul gastric gastrin\u0103 cu rol \u00een motilitate ", "B. Stimularea nucleului dorsal al vagului produce cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei salivare \u0219i gastrice ", "C. Glandele oxintice secret\u0103 o glicoprotein\u0103 implicat\u0103 \u00een absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a unei vitamine hidrosolubile ", "D. Chilomi cronii se g\u0103sesc \u00een enterocite, limf\u0103 \u0219i s\u00e2nge \u0219i con\u021bin toate categoriile de substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile privind secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 este corect \u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Con\u021bine lecitin\u0103, acizi \u0219i pigmen\u021bi biliari sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", "B. Este necesar\u0103 \u0219i pentru absorb\u021bia monogliceridelor \u0219i a unei vitamine implicat\u0103 \u00een sinteza componentului comun al pigmen\u021bilor vizuali ", "C. Producerea ei este inhibat\u0103 de sistemul nervos simpatic \u0219i de enterohormonul secretin\u0103 ", "D. Are \u00een compozi\u021bie substan\u021be cu rol \u00een emulsionarea acizilor gra\u0219i \u0219i absorb\u021bia lor din tractul intestinal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege \u021bi afirma\u021bi a corect \u0103 referitoare la absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidelor:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Glicerolul se asociaz\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare pentru a forma micelii hidrosolubile ", "B. Monogliceridele \u0219i colester olul din micelii str\u0103bat polul apical al enterocitelor prin transport pasiv ", "C. Acizii gra\u0219i se combin\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare \u00een enterocite , form\u00e2nd micelii hidrosolubile ", "D. Acizii gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerolul resintetizeaz\u0103 trigliceridele \u00een chiliferul limfatic central " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul colonului sunt prezente:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Tenii, haustre, apendice epiploice \u0219i apendicele vermiform ", "B. Un sf incter anal intern care se contract\u0103 sub influen\u021ba parasimpaticului sacrat ", "C. Celule \u021bint\u0103 pentru unii hormoni sterolici, \u00een structura glandelor colice ", "D. Un sfincter anal extern, aflat sub control voluntar, \u00een por\u021biunea terminal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi iile urm\u0103t oare este corect \u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Pancreozimina este o enzim\u0103 secretat\u0103 \u00een mucoasa duodenal\u0103 la contactul cu chimul bogat \u00een lipide ", "B. Arcul reflex al reflexului gastrosecretor include \u0219i fibre visceromotorii cu origine bulbar\u0103 ", "C. Pigmen\u021bii biliari emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele \u0219i formeaz\u0103 cu acizii gra\u0219i rezulta\u021bi micelii hidrosolubile ", "D. Glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul legat de proteine plasmatice inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La formarea septului nazal particip\u0103 oasele:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Sfenoid \u0219i vomer ", "B. Frontal \u0219i nazal ", "C. Etmoid \u0219i vomer ", "D. Nazal \u0219i cornetul nazal inferior " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect \u0103 referitoare la cre\u0219terea oaselor:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Este stimulat\u0103 prin ac\u021biunea direct\u0103 a STH -ului asupra cartilajelor diafizo -epifizare ", "B. Cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime se realizeaz\u0103 prin cartilajele articulare care prolifereaz\u0103 spre diafiz\u0103 ", "C. Somatomedinele ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra cartilajelor metafizare, stimul\u00e2nd osteogeneza ", "D. Este influen\u021bat\u0103 hormonal \u0219i de componenta endocrin\u0103 a gonadei feminine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat referitor la discul \u00eentunecat:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Este format din dou\u0103 tipuri de miofilamente ", "B. Apare \u00een structura miofibrilei din fibra miocardic\u0103 ", "C. Este str\u0103b\u0103tut la mijloc de banda H luminoas\u0103 ", "D. Este delimitat de dou\u0103 membrane Z succesive , \u00een mu\u0219chiul relaxat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Secusa muscular\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Este tipul de contrac\u021bie produs\u0103 \u00een mod predominant \u00een organism, put\u00e2nd fi izotonic\u0103 sau izometric\u0103 ", "B. Apare \u00een urma aplic\u0103rii unui stimul unic \u0219i are eficien\u021b\u0103 egal\u0103 cu contrac\u021bia tetanic\u0103 ", "C. Are durata fazei de laten\u021b\u0103 egal\u0103 pentru toate tipurile de mu\u0219chi (cca 0,01 s) ", "D. Se produce frecvent \u00een timpul frisonului, \u00een mai multe grupe mu sculare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat referitor la nervul glosofaringian:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Are origine real\u0103 dubl\u0103 pentru fibrele motorii ", "B. Contribuie la realizarea timpului faringian al degluti\u021biei ", "C. Culege informa\u021bii de ordin gustativ de la nivelul mucoasei faringiene ", "D. Con\u021bine \u0219i fibre colinergice ca re se termin\u0103 \u00een ganglionul otic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul eronat \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu hipotalamusul:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Controleaz\u0103 func\u021biile gonadelor ", "B. Con\u021bine, la nivelul nucleului supraoptic, neuroni cu receptori pentru melatonin\u0103 ", "C. Este centrul superior de integrare a activit\u0103\u021bii musculare somatice ", "D. Con\u021bine \u0219i nuclei posteriori cu rol integrator simpatic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Maculele otolitice sunt:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. \u00cen rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu axonii neuronilor bipolari din ganglionul vestibular Scarpa ", "B. Organe care se adapteaz\u0103 foarte rapid, localizate \u00een vestibulul membranos ", "C. Prev\u0103zute cu celule care prezint\u0103 la polul apical prelungiri permanente, ca \u0219i receptorii pentru accelera\u021bii circulare ", "D. Responsabile pentru detectarea vitezei de deplasare a capul ui \u0219i corpului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Deplasarea unui obiect de la 6 m la 8 m de ochi determin\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Mic\u0219orarea diametrului pupilar, prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter al irisului ", "B. Relaxarea ligamentului suspensor al cristalinului ", "C. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ciliari sub stimularea parasim paticului cranian ", "D. Cre\u0219terea razei de curbur\u0103 a lentilei biconvexe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea optic\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Conduce impulsuri declan\u0219ate de ac\u021biunea radia\u021biei de 530 nm asupra unor neuroni unipolari ", "B. Tractul optic se termin\u0103 \u00een lobul occipital, pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", "C. Axonii neuronilor multipolari sunt conecta\u021bi cu coliculii cvadr igemeni inferiori ", "D. Neuronii bipolari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni cu celulele fotoreceptoare din stratul periferic al retinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Sunt repr ezenta\u021bi de tireostimuline (T3, T4) \u0219i calcitonin\u0103 ", "B. Au efecte tisulare identice \u0219i la fel de rapide ", "C. Se afl\u0103 sub controlul unui hormon trop adenohipofizar \u2013 TRH ", "D. Se elibereaz\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi variabile, \u00een func\u021bie de necesit\u0103\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 secre\u021bia de TSH cre\u0219te, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Va cre\u0219te \u0219i secre\u021bia de tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i calcitonin\u0103, gener\u00e2nd gu\u0219a toxic\u0103 ", "B. Este exclus\u0103 posibilitatea unei insuficien\u021be tiroidiene ", "C. A intervenit, probabil, un feed -back declan\u0219at de modificarea secre\u021biei de T 3 \u0219i T 4 ", "D. Nivelele plasmat ice mici de tireoglobulin\u0103 au stimulat secre\u021bia adenohipofizei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care din tre afirma\u021bi ile urm\u0103toare este corect \u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Activita tea anabolic\u0103 a i nsulin ei se manifest\u0103 prin stimularea sinteze i de proteine, lipide \u0219i monozaharide ", "B. ADH determin\u0103 eliminarea unei urine mai concentrate \u0219i reduse cantitativ ", "C. Activitatea catabolic\u0103 a glucagonului se manifest\u0103 prin degradarea hexozelor , proteinelor \u0219i lipidelor ", "D. Testosteronul \u0219i progesteronul realizeaz\u0103 o reparti\u021bie topografic\u0103 similar\u0103 a gr \u0103simii de rezerv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia eronat\u0103 cu privire la inerva\u021bia mu\u0219chiului striat:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Neuronii simpatici postganglionari produc reac\u021bii vasomotorii ", "B. Axonii motoneuronilor realizeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci motorii la nivelul fibrelor extrafusale \u0219i intrafusale ", "C. Inerva\u021bi a senzitiv\u0103 poate fi realizat\u0103 de prelungiri celulipete ale unor neuroni din ganglionul spinal ", "D. Este asigurat\u0103 de fibre nervoase terminate pe miofibrilele cu benzi repetitive izotrope \u0219i anizotrope " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii normale, hormonii tiroidieni determin\u0103 :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Sc\u0103der ea absorb\u021biei intestinale de glucoz\u0103 ", "B. Reducerea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la mediatori chimici neuronali ", "C. Sc\u0103derea catabolismului tisular al glucozei ", "D. Stimularea \u0219i men\u021binerea secre\u021biei lactate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia neuronilor hipotalamici anteriori poate fi stimulat\u0103 direct de cre\u0219terea:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Volumului urinei ", "B. Volumului lichidelor extracelulare ", "C. Concentra\u021biei urinei ", "D. Concentra\u021biei plasmei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni, spre deosebire de cei spinali:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Con\u021bin fibre postganglionare parasimpatice ", "B. Pot prezenta fibre senzitive cu origine real\u0103 \u00een gangl ioni de pe traseul lor ", "C. Au distribu\u021bie limitat\u0103 la cap, g\u00e2t \u0219i trunchi ", "D. Asigur\u0103 conexiunea informa\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre nevrax \u0219i organele periferice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care d intre afirma\u021biile urm\u0103toare este corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Ramurile nervilor spinali ies din canalul vertebral prin orificiile de conjugare ", "B. Osteogeneza de membran\u0103 asigur\u0103 formarea tuturor oaselor neurocraniului ", "C. C\u0103ile auditiv\u0103 \u0219i vizual\u0103 nu se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin fenomene de convergen\u021b\u0103 ", "D. Osteogeneza encondral\u0103 realizeaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a oaselor metacarpiene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervul facial asigur\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Sensibilitatea dureroas\u0103 de la nivelul fe\u021bei, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nervul V ", "B. Conducerea unor impulsuri care vor ajunge la glandele mucoasei nazale ", "C. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 din cele 2/3 anterioare ale corpului limbii ", "D. Conducerea impulsurilor de la mugurii gustativi situa\u021bi \u00een pere\u021bii papilelor caliciforme " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Substratul anatomic responsabil de secre\u021bia enzimelor digestive este reprezentat de:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Celulele acinare pancreatice pentru \u03b1-amilaz\u0103, fosfolipaz\u0103 \u0219i colesterol -lipaz\u0103 ", "2. Glandele oxintice pentru secre\u021bia de chimozin\u0103, lipaz\u0103, gelatinaz\u0103 \u0219i elastaz\u0103 ", "3. Glande seromucoase pentru o enzim\u0103 inactivat\u0103 de pH -ul intragastric sc\u0103zut ", "4. Microvilii celulelor din criptele Lieberk\u00fchn pentru peptidaze, dizaharidaze \u0219i lipaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Faza cefalic\u0103 a secre\u021biei gastrice:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Este controlat\u0103 nervos \u0219i umoral (prin gastrina secretat\u0103 de celulele G) ", "2. Necondi\u021bionat, este ini\u021biat\u0103 prin excitarea receptorilor gustativi ", "3. \u00cencepe imediat ce bolurile alimentare au p\u0103tr uns \u00een stomac ", "4. Condi\u021bionat, poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 de excita\u021bii vizuale, olfactive determinate de alimente " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Chilomicronii, forma\u021bi la nivelul enterocitelor, trec \u00een limfa din chiliferul central ", "2. Pentru v itamina D se realizeaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de micelii hidrosolubile ", "3. Pentru electroli\u021bi se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanisme: active (Ca2+, Fe2+) \u0219i pasive (Ca2+, Cl-) ", "4. Pentru acizi gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b lung se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanism activ, Na+- dependent " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Este stimulat\u0103 \u0219i de impulsuri generate \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului ", "2. Con\u021bine Na+, K+ \u0219i HCO 3- \u00een aceea\u0219i concentra\u021bie ca \u0219i \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "3. Include o substan\u021b\u0103 care protejeaz\u0103 pancreasul de autodigestie ", "4. Con\u021bine enzime secretate \u00een forma lor activ\u0103: fosfo -lipaz\u0103, carboxipeptidaze \u0219i \u03b1 -amilaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Glandele de la nivelul corpului gastric secret\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. O enzim\u0103 lipolitic\u0103 a c\u0103rei ac\u021biune necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba s\u0103rurilor biliare ", "2. O lipoprotein\u0103 cu rol \u00een protec\u021bia mecanic\u0103 \u0219i chimic\u0103 a mucoasei gastrice ", "3. Un hormon care controleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie \u0219i motorie gastric\u0103 ", "4. O substan\u021b\u0103 anorganic\u0103 cu rol \u00een facilitarea absorb\u021biei intestinale a unui cation " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Evacuarea bilei:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Presupune relaxarea sfincterului Oddi, ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii simpatice ", "2. Implic\u0103 \u0219i influen\u021be vegetative vagale ", "3. Se produce sub ac\u021biunea unui hormon digestiv eliberat de mucoasa colic\u0103 ", "4. Este consecin\u021ba contrac\u021biei musculaturii netede veziculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile incorecte despre absorb\u021bia pr odu\u0219ilor finali ai digestiei:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Vitaminele A \u0219i B se pot absorbi optim prin transport facilitat, la nivel ileal ", "2. Colesterolul \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare se absorb pasiv la nivelul enterocitului ", "3. Na+ \u0219i K+ se pot absorbi \u0219i la nivelul colonului, sub ac\u021biunea aldostero nului ", "4. Glucoza, dipeptidele \u0219i tripeptidele se pot absorbi prin transport activ Na+ - dependent " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Colesterolul:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Absorbit la nivel intestinal ajunge prin vena port\u0103 la celulele hepatice ", "2. Plasmatic este diminuat sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", "3. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea s\u0103rurilor biliare, aldosteronului \u0219i corticotropinei ", "4. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een constitu\u021bia chilomicronilor \u0219i a membranelor celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mastica\u021bia:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Asigur\u0103 prezen\u021ba unor stimuli care activeaz\u0103 chemoreceptori de la nivelul viscerocraniului ", "2. Este un act refle x cu centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een \u00eentreg trunchiul cerebral ", "3. Este un proces complex, realizat prin reflexe necondi\u021bionate \u0219i condi\u021bionate ", "4. Prelucreaz\u0103 mecanic prin t\u0103iere, zdrobire \u0219i triturare alimentele semilichide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la mugu rii gustativi:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Con\u021bin dou\u0103 categorii de celule senzoriale: ciliate \u0219i neciliate ", "2. Genereaz\u0103 impulsuri interpretate exclusiv ca senza\u021bie gustativ\u0103 ", "3. Un mugure poate s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la to\u021bi stimulii gustativi ", "4. Un mugure r\u0103spunde, de obicei, la una sau dou\u0103 categorii de stimuli gustativi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos poate influen\u021ba permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 prin intermediul:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. ADH -ului ", "2. CRH, indirect ", "3. Vasopresinei ", "4. Prolactinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Efecte asupra SNC pot avea:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Hormoni secreta\u021bi de celule neurosecretoare simpatice ", "2. Un hormon t rop ce are celule \u021bint\u0103 la nivelul unei glande cu origine endodermic\u0103, indirect ", "3. Unii hormoni secreta\u021bi la nivelul zonei de origine mezodermic\u0103 a suprarenalei ", "4. Hormonii mineralocorticoizi, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 rapid, salv\u00e2nd via\u021ba " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cretinismul gu\u0219ogen se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Piele uscat\u0103 \u0219i \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 ", "2. \u021aesuturi \u00eembibate cu un edem mucos ", "3. Sc\u0103derea temperaturii corpului ", "4. Dezvoltarea \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a organelor genitale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Acetilcolina cre\u0219te pH -ul chimului gastric ", "2. Glucocorticoizii stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unei proenzime la nivelul glandelor gastrice ", "3. Noradenalina relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura gastric\u0103 \u0219i sfincterul piloric ", "4. Cortizolul intensific\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor parietale a glandelor oxintice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Care dintre afirma\u021biile urm\u0103toar e sunt corecte:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Unii hormoni secreta\u021bi de mucoasa duodenal\u0103 pot influen\u021ba secre\u021bia insulinei ", "2. Hipoglicemia poate fi consecin\u021ba cre\u0219terii secre\u021biei de corticotropin\u0103 ", "3. Expunerea la lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 poate influen\u021ba, indirect, secre\u021bia de gonadotropine ", "4. Hipersecre\u021bia insulinic\u0103 poate determina apari\u021bia cetoacidozei, cu efecte toxice la nivelul SNC " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Atinge un maxim \u00een timpul na\u0219terii , ca \u0219i secre\u021bia de oxitocin\u0103 ", "2. Variaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de ritmul nictemeral ", "3. Este controlat\u0103 prin mecani sm de feed -back ", "4. Este controlat\u0103 de un singur neurohormon, ca \u0219i secre\u021bia de MSH " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fibrele senzitive din structura nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Sunt exclusiv somatosenzitive \u00een nervul V ", "2. \u00ce\u0219i au originea real\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral ", "3. Sunt impli cate \u00een segmentul de conducere al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i kinestezic ", "4. Sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive \u00een nervii faciali, glosofaringieni \u0219i pneumogastrici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Placa motorie:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butoni terminali ai neuronilor gamma ", "2. Prezint\u0103 noradrenalina sau adrenalina ca mediator chimic ", "3. Se poate constitui cu participarea unor componente din structura unui proprioceptor ", "4. Reprezi nt\u0103 o sinaps\u0103 cu transmitere bidirec\u021bional\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Sinapselor axo -axonice \u0219i pl\u0103cilor motorii ", "2. Unor prelungiri periferice ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", "3. Fibrelor visceromotorii postganglionare simpatice ", "4. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare parasimpatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tonusul muscular:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Se afl\u0103 sub controlul nucleului ro\u0219u, cu rol stimulator ", "2. Este controlat prin impulsuri extrapiramidal e ", "3. Scade \u00een somn \u0219i la solicit\u0103ri corticale puternice ", "4. Depinde de aferen\u021bele de la fusurile neuromusculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Piramidale \u2013 poate fi situat \u0219i la nivelul nucleului ambiguu ", "2. Gustative \u2013 emite fibre care se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een traseul lor spre talamus ", "3. Vestibulare \u2013 se conecteaz\u0103 cu unii nuclei somatici ai trunchiului cerebral ", "4. Olfactive \u2013 trimite eferen\u021be \u0219i spre girusul hipocampic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ con\u021bine:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionul spinal \u0219i \u00een ganglionii superiori de pe traseul nervilor IX \u0219i X ", "2. Fibre ce conduc impul suri, celulipet \u0219i celulifug, cu viteza de 100 m/s ", "3. Dendrite \u0219i axoni ai neuronilor din ganglionii extranevraxiali ai nervilor V, VII, IX, X ", "4. Arboriza\u021bii dendritice conectate cu chemoreceptori prezen\u021bi la nivelul unor vase de s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen scheletul uman exist\u0103 oase triunghiulare cu baza \u00een sus care:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Pot fi situate \u00een grosimea unui tendon ", "2. Pot forma articula\u021bii cu alte 4 oase ", "3. Pot forma diartroze sau sinartroze ", "4. Pot fi pereche sau nepereche " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic cranian nu produce :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", "2. Secre\u021bie redus\u0103 de saliv\u0103 v\u00e2scoas\u0103 ", "3. Contrac\u021bia detrusorului vezical ", "4. Relaxarea sfincterului piloric " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mecanisme membranare de transport ionic activ prezint\u0103 celule le:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Osoase, a c\u0103ror activitate este influen\u021bat\u0103 de PTH ", "2. Care fagociteaz\u0103 resturile neuronilor distru\u0219i ", "3. Care c\u0103ptu\u0219esc lumenul intestinal ", "4. Care genereaz\u0103 \u0219i conduc impulsuri " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prin denervare parasimpatic\u0103 a zonelor reflexogene nu se ob\u021bine:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Tahicardie ", "2. Bradicardie ", "3. Cre\u0219terea tensiunii arteriale ", "4. Sc\u0103derea tensiunii arteriale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre originea aparent\u0103 a nervului trigemen putem spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Apar\u021bine etajului intermediar al trunchiului cerebral ", "2. Pentru fibrele motorii este medial\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de fibrele senzitive ", "3. Este pozi\u021bionat\u0103 lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de piramidele pontine ", "4. Se afl\u0103 \u00een ganglionul trigeminal pentru fibrele senzitive " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nuclei cu pozi\u021bie excentric\u0103 pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi \u00een:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Neuroni din ganglionul traversat de fibre preganglionare \u00een drumul lor spre MSR ", "2. Unele celule epiteliale din structura mucoasei unor c\u0103i respiratorii extrapulmonare ", "3. Celule ce apar\u021bin unui tip de \u021besut conjunctiv cu rol de protec\u021bie termic\u0103 \u0219i mecanic\u0103 ", "4. Celule care depoziteaz\u0103 glicogen \u0219i pot atinge dimensiuni de ordinul centrimetrilor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nefrocitele \u0219i enterocitele pot avea \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Polul apical prev\u0103zut cu microvili, m\u0103rind suprafa\u021ba activ\u0103 ", "2. Activitatea influen\u021bat\u0103 de aldosteron \u0219i ADH ", "3. Prezen\u021ba p ompe lor metabolice la nivelul membr anei celulare ", "4. Secre \u021bia hormon al\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 func\u021bia lor principal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre pancreas se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Hormonii secreta\u021bi de celulele \u03b1 si \u03b2 pot stimula sau inhiba secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b4 ", "2. Este vascularizat de artera splenic\u0103 \u0219i vena mezenteric\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", "3. Secre\u021bia sa endocrin\u0103 este reglat\u0103 nervos \u0219i prin feedback nehormonal \u0219i hormonal ", "4. Morfologia zonei endocrine este asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu cea a glandei parotide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre organite le celulare comune ale nevrogliilor:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Centriolii sunt forma\u021bi din nou\u0103 triplete de microtubuli dispuse circular ", "B. Lizozomii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een microglii \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een structura ergastoplasmei ", "C. Corpii Nissl pot fi implica\u021bi \u00een sinteza de ARN care este cedat n euronului ", "D. Dictiozomii localiza\u021bi \u00een apropierea nucleului sunt sediul fosforil\u0103rii oxidative " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nucleul:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Con\u021bine 46 de forma\u021biuni sferice compuse din ARN, numite cromozomi ", "B. Con\u021bine ribozomi ata\u0219a\u021bi membranei externe \u00een spa\u021biul perinuclear ", "C. Particip\u0103 indirect la sinteza proteinelor prin geneza ribozomilor ", "D. Particip\u0103 la diviziunea celular\u0103 prin centrioli \u00eenconjura\u021bi de carioplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sinapse colinergice se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Axonul motoneuronului gamma \u0219i fibra extrafusal\u0103 ", "B. Fibre cu originea \u00een cornul medular lateral \u0219i medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", "C. Fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului \u0219i mu\u0219chi netezi ", "D. Fibre postganglionare \u0219i fibre radiare ale mu\u0219chiului neted multiunitar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cu privire la poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune, este corect\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Este generat \u00een urma contactului di ntre substan\u021bele volatile \u0219i celulele epiteliului columnar ", "B. Prezint\u0103 o form\u0103 particular\u0103 la nivelul fibrei miocardice contractile, cu o perioad\u0103 de repolarizare foarte lung\u0103 ", "C. Se propag\u0103 cu o vitez\u0103 de 30 m/s de -a lungul miofibrilelor din fibrele mu\u0219chilor sc heletici ", "D. Se datoreaz\u0103 func\u021bion\u0103rii unei pompe ionice \u0219i se transmite cu viteze diferite de -a lungul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioada de hiperpolarizare a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Canalele de Na+ voltaj dependente sunt deschise ", "B. R\u0103m\u00e2n deschise canale pen tru K+, ce reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai lent ", "C. \u00cen celul\u0103 exist\u0103 mai mul\u021bi ioni de K+ dec\u00e2t \u00een perioada de depolarizare ", "D. Neuronul poate r\u0103spunde unui stimul subliminal cu intensitate mare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Reflexele condi\u021bionate:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Sunt declan\u0219ate de un stimul absolut \u0219i sunt individuale ", "B. Se asociaz\u0103 \u00een lan\u021buri de reflexe numite instincte ", "C. Au centrii \u00een scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 \u0219i sunt permanente ", "D. Se formeaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd stimulul indiferent \u00eel precede pe cel absolut " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre nervii cranieni este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Nervul XI, prin ramura extern\u0103, se asociaz\u0103 func\u021b ional cu ramuri ale plexului cervical ", "B. Nervul X trimite fibre c\u0103tre ganglionii din peretele intestinal, p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul rectului ", "C. Nervul IX inerveaz\u0103 un organ cu dubl\u0103 func\u021bie: fonatorie \u0219i respiratorie ", "D. Nervul VII are protoneuronul pentru fibrele senzoriale \u00een ganglionul submandibular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Prelungirile celulifuge cu origine \u00een ganglionul trigeminal st\u00e2ng ajung:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. La din\u021bii superiori \u0219i inferiori de pe hemiarcadele st\u00e2ngi ", "B. \u00centr-un nucleu trigeminal al trunchiului cerebral ", "C. La mu\u0219chii pterigoizi drep\u021bi, care ridic\u0103 sau coboar\u0103 mandibula ", "D. \u00centr-un nucleu talamic de partea opus\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 cu privire la nervii cranieni:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Nervul III - include fibre colinergice care se termin\u0103 \u00een ganglionul ciliar ", "B. Nervul VII \u2013 face parte din calea de conducere a impulsurilor c\u0103tre glandele mucoasei nazale ", "C. Nervul X - contribuie la realizarea timpului faringian al degluti\u021biei ", "D. Nervul IX - culege informa\u021bii gustative de la nivelul mucoasei faringiene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Calea de conducere a reflexului tricipital con\u021bine m inim un neuron intercalar ", "B. Nervul V particip\u0103 la formarea c\u0103ii aferente \u0219i a c\u0103ii eferente a reflexului de mastica\u021bie ", "C. Calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului fotomotor este reprezentat\u0103 de nervul V ", "D. Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii termice \u0219i dureroase se afl\u0103 doar \u00een cornul posteri or medular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este asem\u0103nare \u00eentre simpatic \u0219i parasimpatic:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Au fibra preganglionar\u0103 \u00een ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal T1 ", "B. Au neuroni viscerosenzitivi \u00een jum\u0103tatea posterioar\u0103 a coarnelor anterioare ", "C. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea plexurilor Meissner \u0219i Auerba ch \u00een peretele tubului digestiv ", "D. Au fibre preganglionare colinergice \u0219i fibre postganglionare adrenergice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Constituie o particularitate morfofunc\u021bional\u0103 a analizatorului olfactiv:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Include receptori de natur\u0103 nervoas\u0103 care sunt, \u00een general, mai sensibili dec \u00e2t cei gustativi ", "B. Recep\u021bia stimulilor este asigurat\u0103 de termina\u021bii axonice butonate \u0219i ciliate ", "C. Proiec\u021bia cortical\u0103 se face pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobului occipito -temporal ", "D. Dac\u0103 substan\u021bele odorante persist\u0103 un timp mai \u00eendelungat, nu apare fenomenul de adaptare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Corneea:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Joac\u0103 rolul unei lentile divergente cu o putere de 40 de dioptrii ", "B. Con\u021bine vase sanguine \u0219i limfatice ", "C. Este punct de plecare pentru unele reflexe de ap\u0103rare ", "D. \u00ce\u0219i modific\u0103 raza de c urbur\u0103 \u00een procesul de acomodare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cu privire la analizatorul gustativ, este corect\u0103 urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Originea real\u0103 a fibrelor care culeg informa\u021bii pentru gustul amar este \u00een nucleul solitar ", "B. Pragul sensibilit\u0103\u021bii pentru substan\u021be dulci este mai sc\u0103zut dec\u00e2t pentru substan\u021be amare ", "C. Informa\u021biile tactile din cele 2/3 anter ioare ale limbii sunt transmise de nervul VII ", "D. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai intens gusturile determinate de acizi \u0219i de alcaloizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibrele tractului optic drept:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Provin din retina nazal\u0103 dreapt\u0103 \u0219i din retina temporal\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 ", "B. Sunt axonii \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai neuron ilor ganglionari din hemiretina nazal\u0103 dreapt\u0103 ", "C. Fac sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni din mezencefal \u0219i talamus ", "D. Sunt continuarea fibrelor din nervul optic drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre acuitatea tactil\u0103 a unei zone cutanate:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu densi tatea receptorilor din zona cutanat\u0103 respectiv\u0103 ", "B. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu \u00eentinderea reprezent\u0103rii corticale a zonei respective \u00een homunculus senzitiv ", "C. Se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a doi stimuli aplica\u021bi la intervale scurte de timp ", "D. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor al unui neuron senzitiv care inerveaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de T3 \u0219i T4, cu efecte tisulare identice \u0219i la fel de rapide ", "B. Men\u0163in secre\u0163ia lactat\u0103 al\u0103turi de ocitoc in\u0103, dar inhib\u0103 activitatea gonadelor ", "C. Scad elimin\u0103rile hidrice prin alterarea leg\u0103rii apei \u015fi a s\u0103rii \u00een \u0163esuturi ", "D. Influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule gliale centrale \u0219i periferice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de PTH este:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre celule principale \u0219 i oxifile organizate \u00een cordoane ", "B. Inhibat\u0103 ca urmare a sc\u0103derii excre\u021biei renale a fosfa\u021bilor ", "C. Stimulat\u0103 ca urmare a unei activit\u0103\u021bi intense a osteoclastelor ", "D. Inhibat\u0103 dup\u0103 un episod de hipersecre\u021bie de calcitonin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunea unor horm oni este:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103, lipide \u0219i proteine ", "B. Cortizolul exercit\u0103 efecte anabolice proteice la nivel hepatic ", "C. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicoliza, proteoliza \u0219i lipoliza ", "D. Progesteronul preg\u0103te\u0219te uterul pentru nida\u021bie, \u00eengro\u0219\u00e2nd musculat ura uterin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Celulele cu rol endocrin din mucoasa tubului digestiv pot secreta:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Acetilcolin\u0103, care controleaz\u0103 for\u021ba contrac\u021biilor peristaltice ale stomacului ", "B. Colecistoki nin\u0103, care stimuleaz\u0103 evacuarea bilei \u0219i secre\u021bia de suc pancreatic ", "C. Gastrin\u0103, care sti muleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de HCl la nivelul glandelor cardiale ", "D. Glucagon, care inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu ac\u021biunile unor mu\u0219chi scheletici:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Mu\u0219chiul tibial anterior orienteaz\u0103 halucele spre planul mediosagital ", "B. Mu\u0219chiul triceps sural asigur\u0103 ridicarea \u00een v\u00e2rful picioarelor ", "C. Mu\u0219c hii oblici externi intervin \u00een i nspira\u021bia for\u021bat\u0103 ", "D. Mu\u0219chiul pectoral mare \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 bra\u021bul de torace " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de scapul\u0103 printr -un tendon ", "B. \u00cen re flexul de flexie se contract\u0103, fiind agonist cu mu\u0219chiul triceps ", "C. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 prin 2 tendoane de radius \u0219i uln\u0103 ", "D. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 o p\u00e2rghie din tipul cel mai frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een corpul uman " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul orbicular al ochiului:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Are fibre dispuse oblic la nivelul orbi tei ", "B. Este inervat motor de fibre ale nervilor III, IV \u0219i VI ", "C. Particip\u0103 la realizarea reflexului palpebral ", "D. Este ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei superioare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La formarea septului nazal particip\u0103 oasele:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Sfenoid \u0219i vomer ", "B. Nazal \u0219i cornetul nazal inferior ", "C. Etmoid \u0219i vomer ", "D. Frontal \u0219i nazal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 este influen\u021bat\u0103 de activitatea unor hormoni ", "B. Lizozimul, HCl \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni antimicotice ", "C. Colecistokinina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia acinar\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 \u0219i ductal\u0103 hepatic\u0103 ", "D. Secr etina \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia hepatic\u0103 a bilei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la particularit\u0103\u021bi ale activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a stomacului se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Celulele G din glandele fundice influen\u021beaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unor celule ale glandelor antrale ", "B. Secre\u021bia de HCl est e inhibat\u0103 de somatostatin\u0103 \u0219i de secre\u021bia celulelor acinare \u03b1 ale pancreasului ", "C. Secre\u021bia celulelor glandelor cardiale influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia ileal\u0103 a vitaminei B 12 ", "D. Secre\u021bia de HCl are loc ca r\u0103spuns la stimularea celulelor parietale, prin acetilcolin\u0103 sau gastrin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Colesterolul:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Absorbit la nivel intestinal ajunge prin vena port\u0103 \u00een ficat ", "B. Plasmatic este crescut sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i triiodotironinei ", "C. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea s\u0103rurilor biliare, aldosteronului \u0219i corticotropinei ", "D. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een constitu\u021bia chilo micronilor \u0219i a membranelor celulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 referitoare la unele boli ale sistemului digestiv:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Calculii biliari pot migra din vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i obstrua canalul coledoc ", "B. Ciroza hepatic\u0103 poate fi consecutiv\u0103 unei hepatite cronice produs\u0103 de virusul C ", "C. Cariile dentare sunt favorizate de alcalinizarea consecutiv\u0103 consumului de dulciuri ", "D. Inflama\u021bia acut\u0103 sau cronic\u0103 a pancreasului poate fi o consecin\u021b\u0103 a litiazei biliare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pepsina, spre deosebire de tripsin\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Descompune 70 \u2013 80 % din totalul p roteinelor ingerate ", "B. Poate trece din starea inactiv\u0103 \u00een cea activ\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103 ", "C. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un suc cu pH influen\u021bat de prezen\u021ba unui acid anorganic ", "D. Este secretat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de proenzim\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivelul i ntestinului gros se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 procese de:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Putref ac\u021bie - degradarea proteinelor neabsorbite p\u00e2n\u0103 la acizi gra\u0219i care ajung la ficat ", "B. Fermenta\u021bie - degradarea glicogenului pentru care \u00een tractul digestiv uman nu exist\u0103 enzim\u0103 specific\u0103 ", "C. Putrefac\u021bie - sub ac\u021biunea bacteriilor anaerobe, care sintetizeaz\u0103 \u0219i v itamine le B, C \u0219i K ", "D. Fermenta\u021bie - sub ac\u021biunea bacililor coli \u0219i lactici care genereaz\u0103 acizi organici, H 2, CO 2 \u0219i CH 4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Stabili\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre particularit\u0103\u021bi str ucturale ale unor \u021besuturi conjunctive \u0219i caracteristici func\u021bionale ale structurilor din care fac parte:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Bogat \u00een fibre de elastin\u0103 \u2013 acoper\u0103 glota \u00een degluti\u021bie ", "2. Componente \u00een propor\u021bii egale \u2013 localizare \u00een canalul Havers ", "3. Celule mari care acumuleaz\u0103 gr\u0103s ime \u2013 protec\u021bie mecanic\u0103 ", "4. Bogat \u00een fibre de colagen \u2013 formeaz\u0103 discuri intervertebrale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte referitoare la tipul de gland\u0103 exocrin\u0103 \u0219i caracteristica secre\u021biei sale :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Merocrine cu acini \u2013 secre\u021bia lor con\u021bine enzime glicoliti ce ", "2. Acinoase simple \u2013 secre\u021bia lor lubrifiaz\u0103 conjunctiva ", "3. Apocrine tubulo -acinoase \u2013 secre\u021bia lor este stimulat\u0103 de LTH ", "4. Holocrine acinoase \u2013 secre\u021bia lor are rol antimicrobian \u0219i antimicotic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Trunchiul nervului spinal con\u021bine:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Axoni care conduc comenzi spr e mu\u0219chi \u0219i dendrite care conduc informa\u021bii de la mucoasa ", "2. Axoni ai neuronilor preganglionari simpatici \u0219i prelungiri periferice ale unor neuroni viscerosenzitivi ", "3. Axoni care conduc informa\u021bii de la piele \u0219i dendrite care conduc informa\u021bii de la m u\u0219chi stria\u021bi ", "4. Axoni ai neuronilor somatici alfa \u0219i gamma \u0219i prelungiri celulipete ale unor neuroni somatosenzitivi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Un neuron somatosenzitiv pseudounipolar poate:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Constitui calea aferent\u0103 a unui reflex osteotendinos ", "2. Avea o prelungire scurt\u0103, bifurcat\u0103, ce face sinaps\u0103 \u00een coarne medulare diferite ", "3. Fi \u00een contact cu fusul neuromuscular prin prelungirea centripet\u0103 mielinizat\u0103 ", "4. Avea o prelungire centrifug\u0103 lung\u0103 care proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een scoar\u021ba cerebeloas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibre cu originea \u00een nucleii somatomotori din bulb pot inerva mu\u0219chii:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Maseteri ", "2. Limbii ", "3. Buccinatori ", "4. Laringelui " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a durerii cutanate poate avea:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", "2. Termina\u021bii nervoase libere din piele cu rol receptor ", "3. Deutoneuronul \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", "4. Al treilea neuron \u00een talamusul de ace ea\u0219i parte cu deutoneuronul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni cu originea aparent\u0103 \u00een \u0219an\u021bul bulbopontin pot:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Avea originea real\u0103 a fibrelor somatomotorii \u00een nuclei pontini ", "2. Conduce \u00een sensuri opuse impulsuri pentru gustul dulce \u0219i apari\u021bia z\u00e2mbetului ", "3. Avea fibrele senzorial e \u00een contact cu mecanoreceptori sau chemoreceptori ", "4. Avea fibre parasimpatice care fac sinaps\u0103 cu celule glandulare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ simpatic produce:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 redus\u0103 \u0219i bogat\u0103 \u00een mucin\u0103 ", "2. Vasoconstric\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", "3. Cont rac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului dilatator pupilar ", "4. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase bron\u0219ice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a unor organe:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Inima este inervat\u0103 simpatic din cei 3 ganglioni cervicali \u0219i primii ganglioni toracali prevert ebrali ", "2. Vezica urinar\u0103 are inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de fibre din ganglionul mezenteric inferior ", "3. MSR are exclusiv inerva\u021bie simpatic\u0103, prin fibre amielinice cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac ", "4. Rinichiul are inerva\u021bie parasimpatic\u0103 ce include fibre cu origi nea \u00eentr -un nucleu bulbar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi ale fibrelor prezente \u00een componen\u021ba unor nervi cranieni:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Fibre senzoriale din ramurile oftalmic\u0103 \u0219i maxilar\u0103 transmit informa\u021bii de la nivelul mucoasei ", "2. Fibre viscerosenzitive ale nervulu i IX conduc impulsuri de la receptori situa\u021bi la locul de bif urcare a arterei carotide ", "3. Fibrele cu origine bulbar\u0103 ale nervului accesor ajung, pe calea nervului X, la mu\u0219chii faringelui ", "4. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionul Scarpa conduc impulsuri care ajung la n uclei ce reprezint\u0103 originea unor fascicule extrapiramidale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La realizarea func\u021biei de conducere a SNC particip\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Lemniscul medial care transmite informa\u021bii kinestezice \u0219i exteroceptive tactile ", "2. Fasciculele vestibulospinale laterale \u0219i ventrale cu traseu sp re neuroni de execu\u021bie ", "3. Fibre corticonucleare c\u0103tre nuclei de origine pentru fibre apar\u021bin\u00e2nd la nou\u0103 perechi de nervi cranieni ", "4. Fasciculul cuneat prezent \u00een cordonul posterior, pe toat\u0103 lungimea m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la c aracteristicile reflexelor miotatice:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Centrul reflex se poate localiza \u00een cornul medular anterior, unde se afl\u0103 neuronul alfa ", "2. Stau la baza tonusului muscular \u0219i a reflexelor care asigur\u0103 postura ", "3. Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului lor reflex poate include prelungiri ale neuronilor din ganglionul Gasser ", "4. Sunt deservite de receptori care se adapteaz\u0103 \u0219i obosesc la ac\u021biunea prelungit\u0103 a stimulului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale analizatorului acustico -vestibular:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Informa\u021biile auditive din cohleea dreapt\u0103 se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een lobi i temporali drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng ", "2. Receptorii vestibulari pot fi implica\u021bi \u00een declan\u0219area unor reflexe de men\u021binere a posturii ", "3. Calea auditiv\u0103 include \u0219i co rpul trapezoid format din axoni ai deutoneuronilor pontini ", "4. Celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare descarc \u0103 impulsuri \u00een condi\u021bii statice \u0219i dinamice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Neurosecre\u021biile medulosuprarenaliene \u00eempreun\u0103 cu:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Tiroxina \u0219i cortizolul, influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea sistemului nervos ", "2. Hormonii tiroidieni, cresc metabolismul bazal ", "3. Tiroxina \u0219i glucagonul, cresc for\u021ba de contr ac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", "4. Glucagonul, stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivel hepatic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Aldosteronul:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Poate determina apari\u021bia edemelor \u00een hipersecre\u021bie ", "2. Se secret\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi crescute \u00een condi\u021biile sc\u0103derii presiunii osmotice a plasmei ", "3. Stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia Na+ \u0219i secr e\u021bia K+ la nivelul colonului ", "4. Este secretat de zona reticulat\u0103, periferic\u0103, a corticosuprarenalei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Disfunc\u021biile endocrine se pot caracteriza prin:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Boala Recklinghausen \u2013 deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u0219i frontal ", "2. Boala Basedow -Graves \u2013 cre\u0219terea dimensiunilor \u0219i tremurul m\u00e2inilor \u0219i degetelor ", "3. Tetanie - contractura mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale, curbarea spatelui ", "4. Boala Addison \u2013 hiperpigmentare, hirsutism, osteoporoz\u0103, adipozitate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la ac\u021biuni/efecte ale hormonilor sexuali:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Testosteronul \u0219i STH -ul au efecte identic e asupra metabolismului proteic ", "2. Estrogenii favorizeaz\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u0219i a sodiului \u00een organism ", "3. Testosteronul men\u021bine troficitatea epiteliului spermatogenetic ", "4. Progesteronul determin\u0103 modifi c\u0103ri histologice \u0219i secretorii ale endometrului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la efecte ale hipo - \u0219i hipersecre\u021biei unor hormoni adenohipofizari se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Hiposecre\u021bia de LH \u0219i FSH determin\u0103 incapacitate de maturare sexual\u0103 ", "2. Hipersecre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103 la b\u0103rbat de termin\u0103 ginecomastie ", " 3. Hiposecre\u021bia de STH la adult determin\u0103 c\u0103derea unghiilor \u0219i p\u0103rului ", "4. Hipersecre\u021bia de PRL la femei duce la oprirea ciclului ovarian " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Articula\u021biile de la nivelul membrului superior pot fi:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Trohoide \u2013 articula\u021bia radioulnar\u0103 proximal\u0103 ", "2. De tip biel\u0103 -manivel\u0103 \u2013 articula\u021bia scapulohumeral\u0103 ", "3. \u00cen \u0219a \u2013 articula\u021bia carpometacarpian\u0103 din dreptul policelui ", "4. Semimobile \u2013 articula\u021biile dintre oasele metacarpiene \u0219i falange " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul contrac\u021biei musculare:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Banda A r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant\u0103 ca lungime ", "2. Membranele Z se apropie prin glisarea miofilamentelor sub\u021biri ", "3. Cele dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de disc clar ale sarcomerelor se pot reduc e p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u021bie ", "4. Se produce scurtarea sarcomerelor \u0219i a miofibrilelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mi\u0219c\u0103ri posibile la nivelul diferitelor tipuri de articula\u021bii sunt:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Abduc\u021bie/adduc\u021bie \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului transversal, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii \u00een \u0219a ", "2. Rota\u021bii extern\u0103/ intern\u0103 - mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului longitudinal, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii cotilice ", "3. Flexie/extensie \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul axului sagital, posibile \u00een articula\u021bii trohleare ", "4. Circumduc\u021bie \u2013 mi\u0219care complex\u0103 , posibil\u0103 \u00een articula\u021bii cotilice \u0219i \u00een \u0219a " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Articula\u021biile de la nivelul membrului inferior se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Articula\u021bia coxofemural\u0103 este cotilic\u0103 \u0219i permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een jurul a 3 axe ", "2. Unele articula\u021bii dintre oasele tarsiene sunt plane \u0219i permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de alunecare ", "3. Articula\u021bia genunchiului func\u021bioneaz\u0103 asemenea unei articula\u021bii de tip balama ", "4. Articula\u021bia tibiotarsian\u0103 este de tip trohoi d \u0219i permite mi\u0219c\u0103ri de lateralitate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. O perioad\u0103 de relaxare a secusei de 0,05 s poate fi o manifestare a oboselii musculare ", "2. Suprasolicitarea nervoas\u0103 poate afecta activitatea musculaturii somatice ", "3. \u00cen cazul unei greut\u0103\u021bi pe ca re nu o poate deplasa, mu\u0219chiul efectueaz\u0103 lucru mecanic extern ", "4. For\u021ba dezvoltat\u0103 de mu\u0219chi \u00een timpul tetanosului este mai mare dec\u00e2t cea dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een timpul secusei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre substan\u021be le prezente \u00een compozi\u021bia bilei este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. S\u0103rurile bil iare \u0219i pigmen\u021bii biliari se formeaz\u0103 \u00een hepatocite din acizi sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", "2. Bilirubina excretat\u0103 biliar provine din degradarea unei proteine eritrocitare ", "3. Apa este prezent\u0103 \u00een cantitate mai mare \u00een bila colecistic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een cea hepatic\u0103 ", "4. Coleste rolul este excretat prin bil\u0103 \u0219i ajunge \u00een intestin \u00een perioadele digestive " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Afirma\u021biile corecte despre absorb\u021bia electroli\u021bilor \u0219i a s\u0103rurilor minerale sunt:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Ca2+ se absorbe \u00een duoden, activ, \u00een prezen\u021ba unei vitamine hidrosolubile ", "2. Na+ se absoarbe activ \u00een colon, sub controlul unui hormon steroid ", "3. Fe3+ se abso arbe la nivelul jejuno -ileonului, sub efectul stimulator al unei vitamine liposolubile ", "4. Cl- se poate absoarb i pasiv, \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i \u00een colon " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Se asociaz\u0103 cu lecitina \u0219i cole sterolul , form\u00e2nd micelii liposolubile ", "2. Se absorb ileal, activ, \u00een capilarele sinusoide ale venei porte ", "3. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea chilomicronilor \u0219i ajung \u00een chiliferul limfatic central ", "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 motilitatea intestinal\u0103, ca \u0219i acetilcolina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Particularit\u0103\u021bi ale a bsorb\u021biei intestinale a nutrimentelor pot fi:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Transportul galactozei la polul luminal este cuplat cu cel al Na+, utiliz\u00e2nd un transportor comun ", "2. Transportul hexozelor prin membrana bazolateral\u0103 a enterocitului necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP ", " 3. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scu rt de atomi de C sunt transporta\u021bi neesterifica\u021bi prin s\u00e2ngele portal ", "4. Acizii gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b lung de atomi de C trec \u00een stare liber\u0103 \u00een capilarele limfatice vilozitare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Enzimele prezente \u00een sucurile digestive ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. \u03b1 \u2013 amilaza pancreatic\u0103 hidrol izeaz\u0103 glicogenul p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een stadiul de dizaharide ", "2. Din ac\u021biunea chimozinei asupra unei proteine \u0219i \u00een prezen\u021ba Ca2+ se formeaz\u0103 paracazeinatul de calciu ", "3. Sub ac\u021biunea ptialinei se formeaz\u0103 succesiv amilo -, eritro - \u0219i acrodextrine ", "4. Chimotripsina, activat\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103, descompune oligopeptidele \u00een tri - \u0219i dipeptide " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen lobulul hepatic:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Este produs\u0103 bila care se vars\u0103 \u00een duoden prin acela\u0219i sfincter cu sucul pancreatic din canalul ", "2. Concentra\u021bia de glucoz\u0103 din s\u00e2ngele venei centrolobulare scade sub i nfluen\u021ba adrenalinei ", "3. Exist\u0103 canalicule \u0219i capilare f\u0103r\u0103 pere\u021bi proprii care conflueaz\u0103 la periferia lobulului ", "4. Hepatocitele elimin\u0103 activ s\u0103ruri biliare \u0219i primesc aminoacizi prin poli celulari opu \u0219i " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "S\u00e2ngele din vena port\u0103 poate con\u021bine:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. S\u0103ruri biliare ", "2. Colecistokinin\u0103 ", "3. Acizi gra\u0219i cu lan\u021b scurt ", "4. Glucagon " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii proprioceptive de control al mi\u015fc\u0103rii:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. conduc impulsuri care ajung la nucleul din\u021bat din paleocerebel ", "B. se pot \u00eencruci\u0219a la nivelul trunchiului cerebral ", "C. se proiecteaz\u0103 cortical, posterior de \u0219an\u021bul central Rolando ", "D. prezint\u0103 traseu medular prin cordoanele laterale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fibrele n ervului cranian X:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. cu origine \u00een nucleul ambiguu inerveaz\u0103 mu\u015fchii netezi ai palatului moale ", "B. care p\u0103r\u0103sesc nucleu l solitar inerveaz\u0103 mugurii gustativi din papilele circumvalate ", "C. cu origine ganglionar\u0103 inerveaz\u0103 mucoasa faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", "D. provenite din nucleul dorsal conduc impulsuri de la interoceptori " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile extrapiramidale cu origine subcortical\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. coordone az\u0103 reflexe de r\u0103spuns la stimulii auditivi \u0219i vestibulari \u2013 fasciculul tectospinal ", "B. continu\u0103 c\u0103ile corticostriate, care au neuronul de comand\u0103 \u00een n ucleii bazali ", "C. descarc\u0103 impulsuri pe neuronii gamma \u015fi alfa -tonici medulari ", "D. conduc impulsuri care pot stimula mu\u0219chii extensori \u2013 fasciculul rubrospinal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni motori inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. orbiculari ai pleoapelor \u0219i buzelor ", "B. temporali \u0219i pterigoidie ni ", "C. trapezi \u0219i marii dorsali ", "D. limbii \u0219i ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la nervii cranieni:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. V mandibular \u2013 transmite informa\u021bii somestezice de la nivelul limbii ", "B. X \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a glandelor parotide ", "C. III, IV \u0219i VI fac parte din calea viceromotorie a reflexului de acomodare ", "D. V \u0219i X \u2013 conduc impul suri de la nivelul urechii medii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii olfactive:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. se regenereaz\u0103 pe seama celulelor bazale, dup\u0103 40 -60 de zile de via\u021b\u0103 ", "B. are conexiuni directe cu nuclei din ep italamus \u0219i hipotalamus ", "C. este localizat \u00eentr -o structur\u0103 de pe fa\u021ba lateral\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", "D. poate fi inhibat de celulele granulare din butonul olfactiv " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Crestele ampulare:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sunt sensibile la varia\u0163ii ale accelera\u021biei liniare orizontale \u0219i vertical e ", "B. din canalele semicirculare vertical e sunt stimulate la executarea unei piruete ", "C. con\u021bin mecanoreceptori ce detecteaza viteza de deplasare a corpului \u00een planul mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "D. con\u0163in celule senzoriale ciliate stimulate mecanic de deplasarea endolimfei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul miopiei de curbur\u0103 :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului este sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", "B. distan\u0163a dintre centrul optic \u015fi retin\u0103 este mai mic\u0103 de 17 mm ", "C. punctul remotum este mai apropiat de ochi dec\u00e2t \u00een cazul ochiului emetrop ", "D. axul antero -posterior al globului ocular este mai mic de 24 mm " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Acomodarea vizual\u0103 presupune:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. fenomene de fuziune cortical\u0103 la nivelul ariei vizuale ", "B. convergen\u0163a axelor oculare, prin participarea mu\u0219chilor extrinseci ", "C. \u00eencruci\u015farea fibrelor temporale la nivelul chiasmei optice ", "D. participarea coliculilor infer iori \u0219i a cortexului vizual " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Expunerea ochiului la lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 determin\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. mic\u0219orarea pupilei prin contrac\u0163ia fibrelor circulare ciliare ", "B. descompunerea rodopsinei ce determin\u0103, \u00een final, apari\u021bia cis -retinalului \u0219i scotopsinei ", "C. transformarea \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari a carotenului \u00een retinen ", "D. modific\u0103ri ale conductan\u0163ei ionice la nivelul plasmalemei fotoreceptorilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. un strat germinativ, bogat \u00een fascicule de fibre colagenice \u0219i elastice ", "B. ni\u0219te ridic\u0103turi tronconice localizate la nivelul stratului r eticular ", "C. corpusculii Golgi, rapid adaptabili, care recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 vibra\u021biile ", "D. receptori pentru atingere, cu localizare \u00een por\u0163iunea subiacent\u0103 epidermului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La persoanele a c\u0103ror diet\u0103 este s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een iod, tiroida:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. se m\u0103re\u015fte \u015fi apare gu\u015fa exoftalmic\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de tireoglobulin\u0103 ", "C. are activitatea reglat\u0103 prin feedback pozitiv ", "D. elibereaz\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge cantit\u0103\u0163i mari de tiroxin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Boala Cushing se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. astenie muscular\u0103 \u015fi hipotensiune ", "B. redistribuirea \u0163esutului adipos pe abdomen \u015fi spate ", "C. hiperg licemie \u015fi sc\u0103dere \u00een greutate ", "D. piele \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 \u0219i extremit\u0103\u021bi sub\u021biate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Calcitonina:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. este activ\u0103 asupra osului, prin efectele vitaminei D 3 ", "B. este secretat\u0103 de celule foliculare tiroidiene \u0219i paratiroidiene ", "C. inhib\u0103 formarea de noi osteoclaste \u015fi activitatea l or ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia ioni lor de calciu \u0219i a fosfa\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen hiperfunc\u0163ia paratiroidian\u0103 pot ap\u0103rea:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. contracturi generalizate ale mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi ", "B. spasme ale musculaturii (tetanie hipocalcemic\u0103) ", "C. hipofosfatemie \u0219i decalcific\u0103ri periarticulare ", "D. deform\u0103ri ale coloanei vertebrale \u00een plan sagital \u0219i frontal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Deregl\u0103ri ale secre\u021biei de hormoni pot determina:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. tetania \u2013 sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare, palpita\u021bii, aritmii ", "B. boala Addison \u2013 hipotonie muscular\u0103, astenie, hipoglicemie ", "C. gu\u0219a toxic\u0103 \u2013 tremur\u0103tu ri ale m\u00e2inilor, intoleran\u021b\u0103 la frig, hipersudora\u021bii ", "D. boala Conn \u2013 edeme mucoase, hipernatremie, hipertensiune " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Tiroxina:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219te metabolismul bazal la nivelul celulelor gonadei masculine ", "B. exercit\u0103 efecte vasoconstrictoare la nivelul vaselor de s\u00e2nge ", "C. stimul eaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule gliale ", "D. scade absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 \u0219i catabolismul tisular al glucozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Prin osificare desmal\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 oasele:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. nepereche ale neuro craniului \u0219i mandibula ", "B. alungite ale centurii scapulare (par\u021bial) ", "C. scurte , implica te \u00een articula\u021bii de tipul amfiartrozelor ", "D. care particip\u0103 la realizarea articula\u021biei cotului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Oboseala muscular\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. apare ca urmare a transform\u0103rii ATP -ului \u00een fosfocreatin\u0103 ", "B. este invers propor\u0163ional\u0103 cu rata epuiz\u0103rii glicogenului ", "C. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea excitab ilit\u0103\u0163ii fibrei musculare \u015fi alungirea fazei de relaxare ", "D. poate fi precedat\u0103 de epuizarea depozitelor de neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la fiziologia globului ocular este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. aparatul dioptric este format din cornee \u0219i cristalin ", "B. cristalinul este o lentil\u0103 biconvex\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de vase \u0219i nervi ", "C. procesele ciliare secret\u0103 un lichid nutritiv pentru cristalin ", "D. retina este strab\u0103tut\u0103 de radia\u021bii luminoase \u0219i impulsuri nervoase \u00een acela\u0219i sens " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fenomenele de cuplare a excita\u0163iei cu contrac\u0163ia presupun:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. acumulare a Ca2+ din sarcoplasm\u0103 \u00een cisternele terminale ale RE ", "B. ata\u015farea Ca2+ la tropomiozin\u0103 \u015fi \u00eendep\u0103rtarea ei de pe actin\u0103 ", "C. modificarea pozi\u021biei troponinei \u0219i cuplarea proteinelor contractile ", "D. constituirea complexului actomiozinic care catalizeaz\u0103 sinteza ATP " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Oasele antebra\u021bului:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. se articuleaz\u0103 distal \u00eentre ele \u0219i cu unele oase scurte ale m\u00e2inii ", "B. sunt implicate \u00eentr -o p\u00e2rghie de ordinul II, ac\u021bionat\u0103 de mu\u0219chii bra\u021bului ", "C. prezint\u0103 procese stiloide la nivelul epifizelor proximale ", "D. cresc \u00een grosime prin osificare encond ral\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 -25 de ani " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La nivelul coloanei vertebrale exist\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. un dinte osos al atlasului prin care se articuleaz\u0103 la craniu ", "B. procese pe care se inser\u0103 mu\u0219chii jgheaburilor vertebrale ", "C. orificii de conjugare prin care ies ramurile nervilor spinali ", "D. 7 proc ese spinoase \u0219i 14 procese transverse, \u00een zona cervical\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile biliare:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. faciliteaz\u0103 ac\u0163iunea tuturor enzimelor lipolitice ", "B. ajut\u0103 la absorb\u0163ia colesterolului \u015fi a vitaminei A ", "C. determin\u0103 pH -ul secre\u0163iei biliare ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul gastrointestinal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. aminoacizii se absorb din lumenul intestinal prin pinocitoz\u0103 ", "B. glucoza se absoarbe prin mecanism activ, ca \u015fi monogliceridele ", "C. acizii gra\u0219i formeaz\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare micelii liposolubile \u00een enterocite ", "D. glicerolul \u015fi vitamina D se absorb prin mecanism pasiv " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele oxintice:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. sunt localizate \u00een por\u021biunea orizontal\u0103 a stomacului ", "B. secret\u0103 glicoproteine cu rol \u00een absorb\u021bie \u0219i \u00een protec\u021bia mucoasei gastrice ", "C. apar\u021bin sistemului paracrin con\u0163in\u00e2nd celule G secr etoare de gastrin\u0103 ", "D. secret\u0103 o proenzim\u0103 ce se activeaz\u0103 la un pH mai mare de 3,5 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cavitatea bucal\u0103 au loc:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. procese fizice sub ac\u021biunea secre\u021biei unor glande influen\u021bate de glucagon ", "B. fenomene chimice, prin solubilizarea dextrinelor ", "C. transform\u0103ri mecanice, sub ac\u021biunea fibrelor netede circulare \u0219i longitudinale ", "D. ac\u0163iuni de protec\u021bie a mucoasei bucale prin interven\u021bia lizozimului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia pancreatic\u0103 con\u021bine:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. inhibitorul tripsinei secretat de celulele ductale \u00een acela\u0219i timp cu proenzimele ", "B. HCO 3-, \u00een concentra \u021bie mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "C. nucleaze , fosfolipaz \u0103 \u0219i colesterol -lipaz \u0103 secretate \u00een form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "D. \u03b1-amilaz\u0103 care descompune polizaharide de origine vegetal\u0103 \u0219i animal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre activitatea florei bacteriene simbionte:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. anaerob e: sintetizeaz\u0103 unele vitamine hidr osolubile (B 2, B6) ", "B. aerobe: asigur\u0103 fermenta\u021bia celulozei, cu formarea de acizi organici \u0219i gaze ", "C. determin\u0103 apari\u021bia acizilor iritan\u021bi prin ac\u021biuni degradative \u00een colonul distal ", "D. produce decarboxilarea \u0219i dezaminarea aminoac izilor \u00een colonul ascendent " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Aponevrozele sunt alc\u0103tuite din \u021besut conjunctiv:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. bogat vascularizat ", "B. cu substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 semidur\u0103 ", "C. bogat \u00een fibre de elastin\u0103 ", "D. lipsit de plasticitate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Efectul stimul\u0103rii parasimpatice const\u0103 \u00een :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. vasodila\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", "2. relaxarea sfincterului neted vezical extern ", "3. inhibarea secre\u021biei celulelor \u03b1 insulare ", "4. glicogenoliz\u0103 pentru eliberarea glucozei din depozite " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fasciculul c uneat:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. urc\u0103 din cornul posterior medular spre nucleul Burdach ", "2. conduce specific informa\u021bii proprioceptive con\u0219tiente \u0219i interoceptive ", "3. este un fascicul ascendent care se continu\u0103 cu lemniscul lateral ", "4. este evident \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103, cervical\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee n m\u0103duva prelungit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. axonii deutoneuronilor vestibulari sunt conecta\u021bi cu neuroni ce controleaz\u0103 musculatura ", "2. deutoneuronii c\u0103ii tactile grosiere \u0219i a i celei pentru sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een corn ul posterior medular ", "3. neuronii din nucleii vestibulari bulbari \u0219i din nucleul pontin trigeminal trimit axoni spre neuroni de releu talamic ", "4. \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 I se proiecteaz\u0103 calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice \u0219i cea care permite controlul mi\u0219c\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nerv ul vag:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. transmite sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 de la nivelul epiglotei ", "2. include fibre viscerosenzitive, ca \u015fi nervii VII \u0219i IX ", "3. se distribuie \u0219i \u00een regiunea laringelui \u015fi faringelui ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului detrusor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hipotalamusul :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. are leg\u0103turi func\u021bional e cu paleocortexul ", "2. include nuclei posteriori cu rol de integrare simpatic\u0103 ", "3. produce neurosecre\u0163ii care regleaz\u0103 diureza ", "4. secret\u0103 vasopresin\u0103 eliberat\u0103 \u00een venele tijei pituitare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre diencefal este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. include un ventricul care comunic\u0103 prin aped uctul Sylvius cu canalul ependimar ", "2. coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe olfactivo -somatice , motorii \u0219i secretorii digestive ", "3. prezint\u0103 o fa\u021b\u0103 bazal\u0103 la nivelul c\u0103reia se pot observa chiasma optic\u0103 \u0219i epifiza ", "4. include nuclei nespecifici care particip\u0103 la reglarea ritmului nict emeral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Calea olfactiv\u0103 are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. include axoni ai protoneuronilor care se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een aria entorinal\u0103 ", "2. axonii celulelor bipolare se conecteaz\u0103 sinaptic la nivelul glomerulilor ", "3. axonii celulelor mitrale str\u0103bat lama ciuruit\u0103 a etmo idului ", "4. unii axoni ai deutoneuronilor ajung \u00een bulbul olfactiv contralateral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "C\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u015fte la o distan\u0163\u0103 mai mare de 6 m:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 \u0219i raza de curbur\u0103 a cristalinului cresc ", "2. ligamentul suspensor se detensioneaz\u0103 ", "3. puterea de convergen\u0163 \u0103 a cristalinului scade la valoarea de 20 dioptrii ", "4. mu\u015fchiul ciliar circular se contract\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. sunt situate printre fibrele musculare uninucleate \u0219i polinucleate ", "2. sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale unor neuroni pseudounipolari ", "3. sunt inervate motor de fibre distribuite \u00een zonele lipsite de miofibrile ", "4. prezint\u0103 termina\u021bii nervoase anulospirale ce conduc rapid impulsurile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile acustic\u0103 \u015fi vestibular\u0103 au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. conducerea informa\u021biilor de la receptorii labirintului membranos ", "2. origine a aparent\u0103 a nervului din segmentul de conducere ", "3. prezen\u021ba unui ganglion ce con\u0163ine protoneuronii segmentului intermediar ", "4. localizarea deutoneuronilor \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Glaucomul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. drenajul ins uficient al umorii apoase \u00een sistemul venos ", "2. compresia vaselor globului ocular \u0219i a nervului optic ", "3. \u00eengustarea c\u00e2mpului vizual \u0219i dureri oculare ", "4. atrofierea nervului optic ca urmare a unei infec\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la receptorii gustativi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. pot fi stimula\u021bi de doi sau mai mul\u021bi stimuli gustativi ", "2. primesc la polul bazal termina\u021bii ce apar\u021bin unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti ", "3. sunt celule epiteliale cu prelungiri citoplasmatice la polul apical ", "4. au praguri de excitabilitate diferite \u0219i se adapteaz\u0103 rapid " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. parathormonului cre\u015fte \u00een condi\u0163ii de hipocalcemie ", "2. somatotropului scade \u00een condi\u0163ii de inani\u021bie ", "3. zonei medulare a suprarenalei scade \u00een somn ", "4. hormonului luteotrop scade \u00een hipoglicemie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Parathormonul:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile urinare de fosfa\u0163i \u015fi pot asiu ", "2. scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na+ \u015fi Ca+ ", "3. stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u0163ia intestinal\u0103 a Ca+ ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea unor celule osoase polinucleate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Secre\u0163ia epifizei:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine amine (melatonin\u0103) \u0219i peptide (vasopresin\u0103) ", "2. intervine \u00een metabolismul mineral, glucid ic, lipidic, proteic ", "3. este reglat\u0103 de centrii din coarnele anterioare T 1 \u2013 T3 ", "4. prezint\u0103 un minim la amiaz\u0103 \u0219i un maxim \u00een cursul nop\u0163ii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cortizolul:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. este secretat ca un posibil r\u0103spuns al organismului la traumatisme ", "2. este transportat \u00een plasm\u0103 liber sau leg at de proteine ", "3. stimuleaz\u0103 procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 hepatic\u0103 ", "4. scade num\u0103rul de eozinofile, bazofile \u0219i neutrofile " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni/ efecte asupra sistemului cardiovascular hormonii secreta\u0163i de:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. zona medular\u0103 a glandelor localizate lateral de vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", "2. celulele epiteliale care m\u0103rginesc foliculii unui organ strict endocrin ", "3. o gland\u0103 mixt\u0103, care vine posterior \u00een raport cu rinichiul st\u00e2ng ", "4. un organ nervos care \u00eendepline\u0219te \u0219i func\u021bia de neurosecre\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la alc\u0103tuirea corpului uman:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. splina este localizat\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 a cavit\u0103\u021bii abdominale, venind \u00een raport cu ", "2. pancreasul vine posterior \u00een raport cu dou\u0103 din cele mai mari vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i inferior cu trunchiul celiac ", "3. la nivelul viscerocraniului sunt ad\u0103postite dou\u0103 tipuri de receptori fazici ", "4. traheea vine posterior \u00een raport cu esofagul \u0219i cu laringele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Tonusul muscular:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219te sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i este diminuat prin lezarea neuronilor visceromotori medulari ", "2. este rezultat ul unor impulsuri succesive , generate la nivelul unor termina\u021bii receptoare fazice ", "3. este influen\u0163at de centri i nervo\u015fi superiori prin intermediul sistemului piramidal ", "4. contribuie la men\u0163inerea pozi\u0163iei corpului, echilibrului \u015fi la fixarea articula\u0163iilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Tetanosul, spre deosebire de secus\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. este o contrac\u0163ie cu suma\u0163ie complet\u0103 sau incomplet\u0103 ", "2. are miograma cu platou din\u0163at sau neted ", " 3. rezult\u0103 prin aplicarea unor stimuli repetitivi la intervale mici \u0219i regulate ", "4. caracterizeaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului triceps su ral \u00een reflex miotatic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mu\u015fchii membrelor realizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u0163iuni:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. deltoidul \u2013 abduc\u0163ia \u2013 adduc\u0163ia bra\u0163ului ", "2. anteriori ai antebra\u0163ului \u2013 prona\u021bia m\u00e2inii ", "3. dreptul medial \u2013 abduc\u021bia coapselor ", "4. semitendinosul \u2013 flect eaz\u0103 gamba " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Manifest\u0103rile contrac \u0163iei musculare sunt:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. chimice, care asigur\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor mecanice ", "2. electrice, ini\u021biate prin mecanismul de cuplare excita\u021bie -contrac\u021bie ", "3. termice, consecin\u021b\u0103 a fenomenelor biochimice din fibra muscular\u0103 ", "4. mecanice, care constau \u00een depo larizarea sarcolemei \u0219i a sistemului tubular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La nivelul gambei se g\u0103sesc mu\u0219chi:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. care fac extensia labei piciorului \u015fi flexia degetelor, \u00een loja posterioar\u0103 ", "2. extensori ai degetelor, \u00een loja anterioar\u0103 ", "3. gastrocnemieni, superficial la nivelul lojei posterioar e ", "4. tibiali, situa\u021bi \u00een plan superficial \u00een lojele anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de flexie -extensie urm\u0103toarele artrodii:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. trohlear\u0103 (articula\u021bia metacarpofalangian\u0103) ", "2. \u00een \u0219a (articula\u021bia carpometacarpian\u0103 din dreptul policelui) ", "3. cotilic\u0103 (articula\u021bi a coxofemural\u0103) ", "4. trohoid\u0103 (articula\u021bia dintre atlas \u0219i axis) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sucul gastric con\u021bine:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. HCl liber sau combinat cu proteine ", "2. elastaz\u0103 care hidrolizeaz\u0103 fibrele elastice ", "3. lipaz\u0103 cu ac\u021biune slab\u0103 ", "4. mucus, o lipoprotein\u0103 secretat\u0103 de celule mucoase " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Evacuarea bilei este consecin\u021ba :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. impulsurilor conduse prin fibre cu origine \u00een nucleul dorsal ", "2. stimul\u0103rii contrac\u021biei involuntare a fibrelor sfincterului Oddi ", "3. ac\u021biunii colecistokininei asupra musculaturii vezicii biliare ", "4. contactului chimului gastric cu mucoasa jejunal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mi\u0219c\u0103rile de segmentare din intestinul sub\u021bire:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. constau \u00een contrac\u021bii inelare ce apar la intervale regulate ", "2. deplaseaz\u0103 alternativ con\u021binutul intestinal ", "3. favorizeaz\u0103 contactul alimentelor cu mucoasa intestinal\u0103 ", "4. se deplaseaz\u0103 cranial cu o vitez\u0103 de 0,5 -2 cm/s " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt enzime asociate cu microvilii enterocitelor care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een timpul absorb\u021biei:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. zaharaza \u0219i nucleazele ", "2. maltaza \u0219i galactaza ", "3. lipaza \u0219i carboxipeptidazele ", "4. peptidazele \u0219i lactaza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Chilomicronii:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. sunt prelucra\u021bi \u00een enterocite la nivelul aparatului Go lgi ", "2. con\u021bin acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide, colesterol \u0219i proteine ", "3. sunt exocita\u021bi din enterocite \u00een intersti\u021biul intestinal ", "4. sunt transporta\u021bi prin capilare \u0219i vase limfatice c\u0103tre ficat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale secre\u021biei salivare:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. este un lichid incolor, s lab alcalin, secretat de glande inervate vagal ", "2. distruge virusul turb\u0103rii prin ac\u021biunea lizozimului ", "3. asigur\u0103 excre\u021bia unor substan\u021be endogene (uree, acid uric, creatin\u0103) ", "4. realizeaz\u0103 digestia chimic\u0103 a glucidelor prin ac\u021biunea amilazei \u0219i maltazei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 despre organitele citoplasmatice comune:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. centrozomul este format din doi centrioli cilindrici dispu\u0219i paralel ", "B. lizozomii sunt \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een osteoclaste \u0219i microglii ", "C. citoplasma structurat\u0103 este format\u0103 din organite \u0219i incluziuni celulare ", "D. corpusculii Nissl au rol \u00een sinteza proteinelor neuronale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt elemente structurale ale unei miofibrile, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. sarcolem\u0103 ", "B. actin\u0103 ", "C. miozin\u0103 ", "D. troponin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sinapse colinergice se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. axonul motoneuronului gamma \u0219i fibra extrafusal\u0103 ", "B. fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului \u0219i mu\u0219chi netezi ", "C. fibre cu originea \u00een cornul medular lateral \u0219i medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", "D. fibra postganglionar\u0103 vegetativ\u0103 \u0219i fibrele radiare ale irisului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u0163ialului de ac\u0163iune se realizea z\u0103 la nivelul:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. fibrelor visceromotorii cu origine \u00een ganglionul celiac ", "B. prelungirilor celulipete ale neuronilor din ganglionul Scarpa ", "C. pl\u0103cilor motorii dintre neuronii \u03b3 \u0219i fibrele intrafusale ", "D. fibrelor visceromotorii simpatice care asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia MSR " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. neuronii senzitivi bipolari pot fi localiza\u021bi numai \u00een ganglioni nervo\u0219i ", "B. \u00een SNC, substan\u021ba alb\u0103 con\u021bine mielin\u0103 produs\u0103 de celule Schwann ", "C. printr -un axon al nervului optic impulsul nervos este condus bidirec\u021bional ", "D. neuronii pse udounipolari au noduri Ranvier pe ambele prelungiri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii dureroase a fe\u021bei volare a m\u00e2inii drepte, se pot declan\u0219a impulsuri senzitive conduse prin:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. fibre nervoase care intr\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 prin \u0219an\u021bul lateroventral drept ", "B. fascicule localizate \u00een jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "C. fibre nervoase somatice din ramura ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal ", "D. toate componentele unui arc reflex cu minim dou\u0103 sinapse " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nervul V:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. conduce impulsuri de la celule epiteliale diferen\u021biate \u00een celule senzoriale ", "B. distribuie o parte din fibrele ramurii maxilare c\u0103tre cele \u0219ase glande salivare mari ", "C. are, la nivelul originii aparente, fibre motorii dispuse lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de cele senzitive ", "D. inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv papilele filiforme din cele 2/3 anterioare ale limbii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021b i afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. tractul olfactiv se proiecteaz\u0103 pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103 a lobului temporal ", "B. nervul III asigur\u0103 calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor ", "C. tractul optic este format din axonii celulelor ganglionare retiniene ", "D. nervul IX inerveaz\u0103 pielea regiun ii malare, timpanul, trompa lui Eustachio " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Substan\u021ba alb\u0103 a mezencefalului poate con\u021bine axoni ai neuronilor localiza\u021bi \u00een:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. girul postcentral, care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een nucleul motor al nervului trigemen ", "B. ganglionii spinali, care conduc impulsuri de la proprioceptorii din mu\u0219chii gambei ", "C. talamus, care proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een ariile somestezice ale scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", "D. nucleii bazali, care conduc impulsuri cu efect inhibitor asupra tonusului muscular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt asem\u0103n\u0103ri \u00eentre simpatic \u0219i parasimpatic:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. au fibre pregangli onare \u00een ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal T1 ", "B. au neuroni visceroaferen\u021bi \u00een ganglioni situa\u021bi pe traseul unor nervi cranieni ", "C. pot avea originea fibrelor mielinice \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", "D. includ sinapse interneuronale colinergice \u0219i neuroefect oare adrenergice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice sunt inervate de ramura maxilar\u0103 a trigemenului:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. pleoapa superioar\u0103 \u0219i mucoasa sinusurilor ", "B. tegumentul din regiunea temporal\u0103 ", "C. glandele salivare parotide ", "D. v\u0103lul palatin \u0219i mu\u0219chii tensori ai acestu ia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele cu bastona\u0219e:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin numeroase mitocondrii localizate la nivelul corpului celular \u0219i \u00een dendrit\u0103 ", "B. pot fi stimulate de un foton, care izomerizeaz\u0103 retinenul (trece din forma trans \u00een forma cis) ", "C. con\u021bin o protein\u0103, compus\u0103 dintr -un fragment de caroten (retinol) \u0219i un tip de opsin\u0103 ", "D. particip\u0103 la fenomenul de convergen\u021b\u0103 a impulsurilor la nivelul retinei periferice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre calea olfactiv\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. celulele mitrale trimit fibre la nucleii de releu talamici ", "B. prima sinaps\u0103 a c\u0103ii a re loc la nivelul glomerulilor din bulbul olfactiv ", "C. deutoneuronii olfactivi se re\u00eennoiesc la fiecare 40 -60 de zile ", "D. protoneuronii intr\u0103 \u00een contact sinaptic cu receptorii din mucoasa olfactiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fibrele intrafusale:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ " A. formeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci motorii cu axoni proveni\u021bi din coarnele anterioare medulare ", "B. prezint\u0103 miofibrile \u00een por\u021biunea central\u0103 ", "C. primesc fibre senzitive secundare cu originea \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", "D. sunt inervate de motoneuroni \u03b1 medulari " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Activarea fusurilor neuromusculare se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. contrac\u021biei fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", "B. stimul\u0103rii neuronilor \u03b1 medulari ", "C. \u00eentinderii por\u021biunii centrale a fibrelor intrafusale ", "D. inhib\u0103rii motoneuronilor \u03b3 medulari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. sensibilitatea pentru diferite substan\u021be sapide este mai mic\u0103 la copii dec\u00e2t la adul\u021bi ", "B. pragul de excita\u021bie pentru substan\u021be amare este mai mare dec\u00e2t pentru cele dulci ", "C. receptorii gustativi, ca \u0219i cei olfactivi, sunt stimula\u021bi de substan\u021be chimice sapide ", "D. o substan\u021b\u0103 rece \u0219i insolubil\u0103 nu stimuleaz\u0103 receptori din mucoasa lingual\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul citirii lec\u021biei de biologie din manual:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. printr -un arc reflex vegetativ se realizeaz\u0103 convergen\u021ba axelor globilor oculari ", "B. impulsuri din ganglionul ciliar determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea curburii cristalinului \u0219i pupiloconstric\u021bie ", "C. razele lu minoase focalizeaz\u0103 \u00een fovea centralis, stimul\u00e2nd celulele cu bastona\u0219 ", "D. zonula Zinn este \u00een tensiune datorit\u0103 contrac\u021biei fibrelor circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre acuitatea tactil\u0103 a unei zone cutanate:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu den sitatea receptorilor din zona cutanat\u0103 respectiv\u0103 ", "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a doi stimuli aplica\u021bi la intervale scurte de timp ", "C. este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu reprezentarea cortical\u0103 a zonei respective \u00een homunculus senzitiv ", "D. este in vers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor al neuronului senzitiv care inerveaz\u0103 zona " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. un ochi care prive\u0219te un obiect aflat la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 10 metri poate avea 80 de dioptrii ", "B. convexitatea cristalinului este maxim\u0103 c\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u0219te un obiect aflat \u00een punctul remotum ", "C. corneea unui ochi care prive\u0219te un obiect aflat \u00een punctul proximum are 20 de dioptrii ", "D. fibrele circulare ale irisului \u0219i mu\u0219chiului ciliar sunt contractate c\u00e2nd obiectul privit este \u00een punctul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Foliculii tiroidieni:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. sunt m\u0103rgini\u021bi de celule secretoare conjunctive cu \u00een\u0103l\u021bimi diferite ", "B. con\u021bin un material omogen, v\u00e2scos \u0219i bogat \u00een proteine ", "C. con\u021bin celule parafoliculare care secret\u0103 calcitonin\u0103 ", "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 \u0219i elibereaz\u0103 hormoni sub influen\u021ba TRH-ului hipofizar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei de foliculin\u0103 se poate face prin urm\u0103toarele mecanisme:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. nervos - prin sistemul port hipofizar care elibereaz\u0103 GnRH cu rol \u00een inhibarea secre\u021biei de FSH \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", "B. umoral - prin hormonul luteotrop care stimuleaz\u0103 ovula\u021bia \u0219i secre\u021bia endocrin\u0103 a corpului galben ", "C. direct - prin hormonul foliculostimulant care stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor tecii externe a foliculului ovarian ", "D. indirect - prin cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de melatonin\u0103 la \u00eentuneric sub influen\u021ba afere n\u021belor de la receptorii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Insulina:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ " A. diminueaz\u0103 glicoliza \u00een celulele musculare polinucleate ", "B. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103 la nivelul celulei hepatice ", "C. scade permeabilitatea sarcolemei pentru aminoacizi ", "D. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea plasmalemei adipocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. vasopresina scade peristaltismul la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire ", "B. PRL produce ginecomastie la b\u0103rbat \u0219i oprirea ciclului ovarian la femeie ", "C. aldosteronul determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de cationi (Cl- \u0219i HCO 3-) ", "D. ADH determin\u0103 hipertensiune prin relaxarea musculaturii arteriolare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Disfunc\u021biile endocrine se pot caracteriza prin:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. boala Recklinghausen \u2013 l\u0103rgirea sinusurilor, hiperostoze la nivelul vertebrelor ", "B. tetania \u2013 contractura mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale, curbarea spatelui ", "C. boala Addison \u2013 hiperpigmentare, hirsutism, adipozitate, osteoporoz\u0103 ", "D. sindromul Cushing \u2013 apari\u021bia de echimoze, striuri ro\u0219ii, vitiligo, \u00eennegrirea p\u0103rului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Boala Conn s e poate caracteriza prin:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. sl\u0103biciune muscular\u0103, cefalee, hipotensiune ", "B. hiponatremie, hiperpotasemie, edeme ", "C. sc\u0103derea reabsorb\u021biei Na+ din urin\u0103 \u0219i saliv\u0103 ", "D. cre\u0219terea aciduriei sau a kaliuriei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La formarea orbitelor particip\u0103 urm\u0103toarele oase, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. palatine ", "B. zigomatice ", "C. temporale ", "D. maxilare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 referitoare la cre\u015fterea oaselor \u00een lungime:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. este stimulat\u0103 de ac\u0163iunea direct\u0103 a STH -ului asupra cartilajelor metafizare ", "B. se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul cartilajelor articulare care prolifereaz\u0103 spre diafiz\u0103 ", "C. presupune ac\u021biunea somatomedinelor, care stimuleaz\u0103 osteogeneza ", "D. este influen\u0163at\u0103 hor monal \u015fi de componenta endocrin\u0103 a gonadei feminine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Afec\u021biunile aparatului locomotor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. cifoza \u2013 devia\u021bie a coloanei \u00een planul delimitat de axele transversal \u0219i longitudinal ", "B. luxa\u021bii \u2013 rupturi ale capsulei articulare \u0219i ale oaselor din articula\u021bie ", "C. cifoscolioza \u2013 poate fi asociat\u0103 cu hiposecre\u021bia paratiroidian\u0103 (boala Recklinghausen) ", "D. scolioza \u2013 poate fi determinat\u0103 de rahitism, reumatism \u0219i poliomielit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre mu\u0219chii membrelor inferioare este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. croitorul \u2013 se fixeaz\u0103 pe ti bie printr -un tendon care include un os sesamoid ", "B. tricepsul sural \u2013 determin\u0103 dorsiflexia, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd o p\u00e2rghie de ordinul II ", "C. bicepsul femural \u2013 realizeaz\u0103 flexia gambei pe coaps\u0103 ", "D. cvadricepsul \u2013 este extensor al gambei pe coaps\u0103 \u0219i al coapsei pe bazin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Evenimente caracteristice fiziologiei fibrei musculare sunt:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ " A. \u00eendep\u0103rtarea troponinei din regiunea activ\u0103 a miofilamentelor de actin\u0103 ", "B. propagarea impulsului prin intermediul tubilor T p\u00e2n\u0103 la miofibrile ", "C. diminuarea lungimii benzilor H \u0219i a benzilor I, cu cons um de energie ", "D. sinteza de ATP catalizat\u0103 de enzima miozin -ATP-az\u0103, activat\u0103 de Ca2+ \u0219i Mg2+ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale epiteliilor de acoperire:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. inerva\u021bie \u0219i vasculariza\u021bie reduse ", "2. capacitate de regenerare mare ", "3. originea \u00een mezodermul embrionar ", "4. conectarea celulelor prin desmozomi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. epiteliul simplu pavimentos \u2013 la suprafa\u021ba ovarului ", "2. epiteliul simplu cilindric \u2013 \u00een epiteliul vilozi t\u0103\u021bilor intestinale ", "3. epiteliul simplu cubic \u2013 \u00een pere\u021bii sacilor alveolari ", "4. epiteliul pluristratificat pavimentos \u2013 \u00een mucoasa esofagian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Referitor la celulele conjunctive este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. osteocitele au form\u0103 stelat\u0103 \u0219i numeroase prelungiri ", "2. adipocitele a u nucleu excentric \u0219i pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een mezenter ", "3. fibroblastele sunt slab conectate \u00eentre ele ", "4. osteoplastele sunt celule multinucleate, cu numero\u0219i lizozomi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Actina:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. este o protein\u0103 care se scurteaz\u0103 \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei musculare ", "2. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia microfilamentelor citoscheletului ", "3. reprezint\u0103 baza anatomic\u0103 a contractilit\u0103\u021bii, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu miozina ", "4. este component\u0103 a benzilor I \u0219i A ale miofibrilelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 nervoas\u0103 \u0219i roluri ale acestora:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. nucleii nespecifici talamici \u2013 particip\u0103 la reglarea ritmului nictemeral ", "2. nucleii habenulari \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe secretorii digestive ", "3. nucleul caudat, putamen, globus pallidus \u2013 inhib\u0103 tonusul mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi ", "4. nucleii amigdalieni \u2013 particip\u0103 la elaborarea senza\u021biilor olfactive " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleii vestibulari:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. laterali - prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu arhicerebelul ", "2. emit colaterale c\u0103tre nuclei somatomotori din mezencefal \u0219i punte ", "3. reprezint\u0103 sta\u021bie final\u0103 pentru axonii unor neuroni ganglionari ", "4. con\u021bin neuroni periferic i, de execu\u021bie pentru c\u0103ile corticonucleare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Calea ascendent\u0103 a durerii cutanate poate avea:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal \u0219i \u00een ganglionul Gasser ", "2. receptori reprezenta\u021bi de termina\u021bii nervoase libere cu adaptabilitate mare ", "3. deutoneuronul \u00een etaje ale trunchiului cerebral ", "4. traseu prin fascicule ne\u00eencruci\u0219ate din cordoanele laterale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre reflexul cornean de clipire este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. aferen\u021ba arcului reflex include fibre din ramura oftalmic\u0103 a trigemenului ", "2. are centrii nervo\u0219i \u00een acela\u0219i etaj ca \u0219i reflexul de acomodare ", "3. nu se produce \u00een cazul lez\u0103rii nucleului senzitiv al nervului V ", "4. este un reflex vegetativ polisinaptic, nociceptiv " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre somnul parad oxal sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u021biile:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. apare contactul con\u0219tient cu mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor ", "2. poate fi \u00eenregistrat\u0103 o EEG cu unde lente ", "3. dispare tonusul muscular \u0219i scade frecven\u021ba respiratorie ", "4. este implicat un mecanism endogen cu influen\u021be exogene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tractul optic drept con\u021bine:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. fibre care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een corpul geniculat extern ", "2. fibre provenite din retina nazal\u0103 a ochiului st\u00e2ng ", "3. fibre care fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een coliculul cvadrigemen superior ", "4. fibre care s -au \u00eencruci\u0219at \u00een chiasma optic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Referitor la segmentele intermediare ale analizatorilor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. dendritele protoneuronilor c\u0103ii auditive str\u0103bat membrana bazilar\u0103 ", "2. din calea gustativ\u0103 ajung fibre la hipotalamus \u0219i la structuri ale sistemului limbic ", "3. o parte din fibrele tractul optic se termin\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lob ului occipital ", "4. axoni ai celulelor mitrale leag\u0103 bulbul olfactiv de lobul piriform " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Corpusculii neurotendino\u0219i Golgi:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. constau \u00eentr -o re\u021bea de 1 -3 fibre nervoase prev\u0103zute cu termina\u021bii butonate ", "2. se adapteaz\u0103 par\u021bial, fiind receptori ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii de co ntrol al mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "3. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een sinapse inhibitorii cu motoneuronii \u03b1 medulari ", "4. genereaz\u0103 impulsuri conduse prin cordoanele laterale ipsi - \u0219i contralaterale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "O persoan\u0103 c\u0103reia medicul i -a prescris ochelari cu lentile convergente poate avea:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 50 de ani \u0219i cristalin neelastic ", "2. axul optic mai mic de 24 mm ", "3. convergen\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 a cristalinului ", "4. curbura corneei neuniform\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele receptoare olfactive, spre deosebire de cele gustative:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de celule de sus\u021binere ", "2. sunt neuroni cu axoni l a polul bazal ", "3. au cili cu proteine receptoare la polul apical ", "4. reprezint\u0103 primul neuron al c\u0103ii de conducere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Colateralele tractului optic:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. se termin\u0103 \u00een corpii genicula\u021bi laterali din metatalamus ", "2. particip\u0103 la realizarea reflexului oculocefalogir ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 midriaza c\u00e2nd cre\u0219te cantitatea de lumin\u0103 ", "4. fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Aldehidele \u0219i cetonele pot stimula receptorii pentru gustul:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. acru ", "2. amar ", "3. s\u0103rat ", "4. dulce " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. insulina \u0219i est rogenii reduc concentra\u021bia glucozei \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "2. aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul influen\u021beaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ ", "3. calcitonina \u0219i estrogenii favorizeaz\u0103 depunerea calciului \u00een oase ", "4. glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul cresc secre\u021bia de HCl \u0219i de pepsinogen " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tiroxina \u0219i triiodotironina:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe vasele sangvine, av\u00e2nd efect antagonist noradrenalinei ", "2. scad absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei, ca \u0219i hidrocortizonul ", "3. stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor nevroglii din SNC \u0219i SNP ", "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe mu\u0219chi, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd tonusul \u0219i for\u021ba contrac\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Melatonina:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea sexual\u0103 precoce ", "2. influen\u021beaz\u0103 metabolismul mineral ", "3. intervine \u00een actul na\u0219terii la om ", "4. regleaz\u0103 metab olismul glucidic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi ac\u021biuni/efecte produse de neurohormoni:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. vasodilata\u021bia vaselor coronare \u0219i a celor din mu\u0219chii stria\u021bi ", "2. contrac\u021bia celulelor mioepiteliale din pere\u021bii canalelor galactofore ", "3. reducerea secre\u021biei sudorale \u0219i men\u021binerea volemiei ", "4. stimu larea secre\u021biei de FSH \u0219i de LH a adenohipofizei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre hormonii secreta\u021bi de zona glomerular\u0103 a corticosuprarenalei:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. cresc presiunea arterial\u0103 \u0219i volumul sangvin prin reten\u021bia de Na+ \u0219i ap\u0103 ", "2. scad pH -ul mediului intern ca urmare a stimul\u0103rii elimin\u0103rii H+ prin urin\u0103 ", "3. au secre\u021bia reglat\u0103 de angiotensina II \u0219i de peptidul natriuretic atrial ", "4. pot produce astenie, edeme mucoase \u0219i hiperpigmentare, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Melanodermia poate fi produs\u0103 ca urmare a:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. hiposecre\u021biei de mineralocortic oizi ", "2. hiposecre\u021biei de glucocorticoizi ", "3. stimul\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a adenohipofizei ", "4. stimul\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii secretorii a epifizei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Osul care prezint\u0103 cele mai multe puncte de inser\u021bie ale mu\u0219chilor fesieri:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. se articuleaz\u0103 cu un os inserat \u00een grosimea unui tendon ", "2. particip\u0103 la realizarea unei sincondroze cu osul pereche ", "3. face parte dintr -o articula\u021bie \u00een care apar fibrocartilaje semicirculare ", "4. particip\u0103 la realizarea unei p\u00e2rghii cu rol de echilibru " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Articula\u021biile trohleare pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00eentre:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. metacarpiene \u0219i oasele degetelor ", "2. carpianul \u0219i metacarpianul din dreptul degetului mare ", "3. osul bra\u021bului \u0219i osul medial al antebra\u021bului ", "4. cele dou\u0103 oase ale antebra\u021bului at\u00e2t proximal, c\u00e2t \u0219i distal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Grupa mu\u0219chilor spatelui \u0219i cefei include mu\u0219chi care:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. realiz eaz\u0103 flexia capului prin contrac\u021bie bilateral\u0103 ", "2. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een realizarea expira\u021biei for\u021bate ", "3. trag scapulele \u00eenainte \u0219i \u00een jos ", "4. apropie scapulele, fiind situa\u021bi \u00een plan profund " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tetanosul incomplet:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este un tip de contrac\u021bie \u00eent\u00e2lnit rar \u00een organism, de ex emplu frisonul ", "2. presupune relax\u0103ri incomplete \u00eentre dou\u0103 contrac\u021bii succesive ", "3. rezult\u0103 din suma\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a unor contrac\u021bii fuzionate (secuse) ", "4. este determinat de aplicarea unor stimuli cu frecven\u021ba mic\u0103, de 10 -20/sec " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sternul, spre deosebire de osul coxal:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. este format din trei componente ", "2. particip\u0103 la formarea unei cavit\u0103\u021bi osoase ", "3. are \u021besut osos spongios \u0219i compact ", "4. asigur\u0103 articularea unei centuri incomplete " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre osteogenez\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. cuprinde formarea \u021besutului osos, mineralizarea \u0219i remodela rea osoas\u0103 ", "2. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de ac\u021biunea for\u021belor mecanice \u0219i gravita\u021bionale ", "3. poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de hormoni \u0219i de enzime numite fosfataze ", "4. implic\u0103 at\u00e2t cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime, c\u00e2t \u0219i cre\u0219terea \u00een grosime a oaselor lungi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Analiza unui schelet uman poate furniz a informa\u021bii despre v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate, astfel:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. epifizele sudate la diafize indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 25 de ani ", "2. apendicele xifoid osificat indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 25 ani ", "3. deform\u0103rile osoase pot indica boala numit\u0103 osteomalacie ", "4. canalul medular \u00eengust indic\u0103 o v\u00e2rst\u0103 peste 60 de ani " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen contrac\u021bia fibrei musculare netede, spre deosebire de contrac\u021bia fibrei musculare striate somatice:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. miofilamentele se scurteaz\u0103 \u0219i generea z\u0103 tensiune ", "2. viteza de reac\u021bie e mai mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 particularit\u0103\u021bilor structurale ", "3. ionii de Ca2+ declan\u0219eaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia prin formarea actomiozinei ", "4. durata perioadei de contrac\u021bie \u0219i de relaxare e mai mare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Se pot separa astfel:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. ficatul de stomac - printr -un plan transversal ", "B. trahea de esofag - printr -un plan frontal ", "C. diafragma de intestinul gros - printr -un plan frontal ", "D. rinichii de intestinul sub\u021bire - printr -un plan sagital " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la celul\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. bistratul lipidic membranar permite difuziunea simpl\u0103 a cortizolului \u0219i a corticotropinei ", "B. pompele \u0219i canalele ionice func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu consum de energie ", "C. glucide le \u0219i colesterol ul de pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 confer\u0103 plasmalemei aspect de mozaic ", "D. proteinele sunt implicate \u00een realizarea jonc\u021biunilor intercelulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sec\u021bionarea cordonului post erior drept \u00een regiunea toracal\u0103 inferioar\u0103 afecteaz\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. kinestezia membrului superior drept ", "B. tactul epicritic al membrului inferior st\u00e2ng ", "C. kinestezia membrului superior st\u00e2ng ", "D. tactul epicritic al membrului inferior drept " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibrele parasimpatice cu originea \u00een:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. nucleul dorsal al vagului - inerveaz\u0103 un organ digestiv din cavitatea pelvian\u0103 ", "B. nucleul accesor al oculomotorului - sunt colinergice \u0219i amielinizate ", "C. coarnele laterale sacrate - sinapseaz\u0103 \u00een ganglioni prevertebrali ", "D. ganglioni intramurali - formeaz\u0103 plexuri mixte cu fibrele simpatice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre nervii cranieni se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. fibre ale nervului olfactiv pot ajunge la bulbul olfactiv opus, la epi - \u0219i hipotalamus ", "B. un nerv III inerveaz\u0103 cinci mu\u0219chi stria\u021bi implica\u021bi \u00een fiziologia ochiului ", "C. fibrele senzitivo -senzoriale ale nervului IX au origine \u00een ganglionii nodos \u0219i jugular ", "D. nervul V inerveaz\u0103 motor, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, mu\u0219chii maseteri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fasciculul cuneat:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. are pozi\u021bie medial\u0103 la nivelul cordonului posterior al m\u0103duvei cervicale ", "B. conduce im pulsurile de la corpusculii Golgi p\u00e2n\u0103 la nucleul senzitiv Burdach ", "C. este format din prelungirile centrale ale unor neuroni cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ", "D. include fibre ne\u00eencruci\u0219ate cu originea \u00een cornul posterior al m\u0103duvei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la nervul spinal este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te canalul rahidian prin orificiul vertebral \u0219i se \u00eemparte \u00een 4 ramuri ", "B. trunchiul con\u021bine prelungiri celulifuge ale neuronilor din ganglionul spinal ", "C. con\u021bine fibre somat osenzitive \u00een trei din cele cinci ramuri mixte ", "D. ramura meningeal\u0103 include fibre cu originea \u00een lan\u021bul ganglionar paravertebral " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dermul con\u021bine:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. celule musculare cu inerva\u021bie din ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie \u0219i glande holocrine ", "B. vase de s\u00e2nge asupra c\u0103rora adrenalina are efect vasodilata tor ", "C. corpusculii Meissner pentru atingeri puternice \u0219i discurile Merkel pentru atingeri fine ", "D. fibre de colagen, elastice \u0219i numeroase elemente celulare \u00een stratul reticular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "C\u00e2nd o persoan\u0103 mut\u0103 privirea de la un obiect situat la 1 metru fa\u021b\u0103 de ochi la unul situat la 3 met ri fa\u021b\u0103 de ochi, se produc urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. scade capacitatea de refrac\u021bie a cristalinului ", "B. se detensioneaz\u0103 ligament ul suspensor ", "C. scade raza de curbur\u0103 a cristalinului ", "D. se contract\u0103 musculatura ciliar\u0103 circular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen nucleii terminali pentru ramura cohlear\u0103 a ner vului acustico -vestibular:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. impulsurile provenite de la baza melcului activeaz\u0103 to\u021bi neuronii ", "B. ajung dendritele neuronilor senzitivi din ramura auditiv\u0103 a nervului cranian VIII ", "C. impulsurile provenite de la v\u00e2rful melcului se vor transforma \u00een senza\u021bii de sune te joase ", "D. se afl\u0103 neuroni care trimit impulsuri ce vor ajunge \u00een final \u00een lobii temporali drept \u0219i st\u00e2ng " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la analizatorul olfactiv este corect\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. chemoreceptorii sunt \u00een partea antero -superioar\u0103 a foselor nazale ", "B. butonul olfactiv con\u021bine celule nervoase de tip mitral stelat ", "C. nervii olfactivi pleac\u0103 de la polul bazal al receptorilor ", "D. tracturile olfactive sunt partea periferic\u0103 a c\u0103ii olfactive " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hiperglicemia poate determina o:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. hipersecre\u021bie de adrenalin\u0103 ", "B. hiposecre\u021bie de insulin\u0103 ", "C. hipersecre\u021bie de glucagon ", "D. hiposecre\u021bie de glucocorticoizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ACTH:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. \u00een concentra\u021bii plasmatice crescute inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de CRH prin feed -back lung ", "B. exercit\u0103 indirect efecte melanocitostimulatoare, ca \u0219i MSH ", "C. este secretat \u00een exces \u00een boala Addison, provoc\u00e2nd hiperpigmentarea cutanat\u0103 ", "D. este un hormon sterolic eliberat \u00een capilarele portale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte exercitate de neurosecre\u021bii eliberate \u00een cantitate normal\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. ocitocina - p\u0103strare a memoriei dureroase legat\u0103 de actul na\u0219terii ", "B. somatostatina enteric\u0103 - inhibarea secre\u021biei acidului anorganic gastric ", "C. vasopresina - inhibar ea per istaltismului intestinal \u0219i hiperglicemie ", "D. epinefrina - vasodilata\u021bie \u0219i glicogenoliz\u0103 la nivel hepatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de aldosteron:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. este stimula t\u0103 direct de angiotensina I \u0219i , \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 , de ACTH ", "B. cre\u0219te, dac\u0103 natr iemia scade, iar potasemia \u0219i pH -ul sangvin cresc ", "C. este inhibat\u0103 de hipervolemie, hiperkal iemie \u0219i hipotensiune ", "D. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de peptidul natrio -uretic atrial, \u00een condi\u021bii de hiperte nsiune " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia insulelor \u03b2 pancreatice determin\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. lipogenez\u0103 \u00een mu\u0219chi ", "B. captarea aminoacizilor \u00een \u021besutul adipos ", "C. cre\u0219terea gluconeogenezei \u00een ficat ", "D. sinteza de glicerol \u00een \u021besutul adipos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen scheletul membrului superior:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. radiusul este situat lateral, iar tibia medial ", "B. epifiza proximal\u0103 a humerusului se articuleaz\u0103 cu clavicula ", "C. ambele haluce prezint\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 4 falange ", "D. osificarea ulnei a inclus diviziunea, hipertrofierea \u0219i apoptoza condrocitelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen osteogenez\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. \u00een cartilaj apar centri primari de osificare \u00eent\u00e2i \u00een epifiz\u0103, apoi \u00een diafize ", "B. se transform\u0103 \u021besutul cartilaginos sau conjunctivo -fibros al embrionului ", "C. osificarea secundar\u0103 se finalizeaz\u0103 cu formarea osului brut, nefunc\u021bional ", "D. osificarea epifizelor se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een copil\u0103rie, \u00een paralel cu cre\u0219terea lor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre oasele antebra\u021bului este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. \u00een prona\u021bie, cele dou\u0103 oase, radius \u0219i ulna, sunt paralele ", "B. ulna este situat\u0103 medial, \u00een dreptul policelui ", "C. radiusul dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te ulna prin epifiza lui proximal\u0103 ", "D. ambele oase prezint\u0103 c\u00e2te un proces stiloid la nivelul epifizei distale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Odat\u0103 cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. punctul proxim se apropie de ochi din cauza sc\u0103derii elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului ", "B. canalul medular al oaselor lungi se l\u0103rge\u0219te datorit\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bii osteoclastelor ", "C. trompa lui Eustachio se scurteaz\u0103 \u0219i se orizontalizeaz\u0103 ", "D. fontanelele, apendicele xifoid, cartilajele metafizare \u0219i cele articulare se osific\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre contrac\u021biile unice se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. intensitatea stimulului influen\u021beaz\u0103 amplitudinea lor ", "B. durata lor medie este de 0,01 s ", "C. se tetanizeaz\u0103 complet la stimuli cu frecven\u021ba de 10 -20/sec ", "D. sunt independente de stimularea central\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Gamba con\u021bine urm\u0103torii mu\u0219chi \u00een loja:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. anterioar\u0103 - tibial anterior \u0219i extensori ai degetelor ", "B. medial\u0103 - peronier scurt \u0219i peronier lung ", "C. posterioar\u0103, superficial - tibia l posterior \u0219i flexori ai degetelor ", "D. posterioar\u0103 - tricepsul sural format din solear superficial \u0219i gastrocnemian profund " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Tonusul muscular al mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps femural:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. are la baz\u0103 reflexe medulare lombare caracterizate de fenomenul iradierii ", "B. dispare dup\u0103 sec\u021bionarea nervilor femurali proveni\u021bi din plexul sacral ", "C. scade \u00een timpul somnului \u0219i sub ac\u021biunea tiroxinei \u0219i cre\u0219te \u00een termogenez\u0103 ", "D. se afl\u0103 sub controlulul spinocerebelului, corpilor stria\u021bi, nucleului ro\u0219u " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre mu \u0219chi \u0219i mi\u0219carea realizat\u0103 prin contrac\u021bia lor:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. semitendino\u0219ii - realizeaz\u0103 flexia gambei pe coaps\u0103 \u0219i a coapsei pe bazin ", "B. drep\u021bii mediali - realizeaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea de abduc\u021bie a coapselor ", "C. tibialii anteriori - realizeaz\u0103 flexia dorsal\u0103 \u0219i supina\u021bia piciorului ", "D. supinatorii piciorului - coboar\u0103 marginea intern\u0103 a plantei \u0219i o ridic\u0103 pe cea extern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia pancreatic\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. are efect hipoglicemiant prin insulin\u0103 \u0219i \u03b1 -amilaza pancreatic\u0103 ", "B. cea ductal\u0103 con\u021bine un anion \u00een cantitate mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "C. con\u021bine Na+ \u0219i K+ \u00een concentra\u021bie mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "D. este stimulat\u0103 de fibre ale nervului X provenite din nucleul ambiguu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Printre reac\u021biile chimice care au loc \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire se num\u0103r\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. digerarea a 30% din proteinele ingerate \u00een aminoacizi \u0219i peptide ", "B. activarea chimotripsinogenului, a carboxipeptidazelor \u0219i a pepsinogenului ", "C. digestia proteinelor fibroase de c\u0103tre elastaza activat\u0103 de tripsin\u0103 ", "D. hidroliza amidonului, glicogenului \u0219i a celulozei p\u00e2n\u0103 la dizaharide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre enzimele digestive este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. zaharaza realizeaz\u0103 ultima etap\u0103, cea intestinal\u0103, \u00een digestia amidonului ", "B. formar ea pepsin ei este favorizat\u0103 de gastrin a gastric\u0103 prin stimularea secre\u021biei de HCl ", "C. enterokinaza diger\u0103 proteinele \u0219i polipeptidele p\u00e2n\u0103 la stadiul de oligopeptide ", "D. cele biliare \u00ee ndeplinesc \u0219i rol bacteriostatic \u0219i de favorizare a peristaltismului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Flora bacterian\u0103 din intestinul gros:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. fermenteaz\u0103 un polizaharid vegetal, cu formare de acizi anorganici iritan\u021bi \u0219i gaze ", "B. sintetizeaz\u0103 unele vitamine hidrosolubile (din complexul B, vitamina C) ", "C. genereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i toxici ce pot fi neutraliza\u021bi \u00een ficat (de exemplu, prin sinteza ureei) ", "D. include bacili coli \u0219i lactici, anaerobi, care pot fi distru\u0219i de tratamentul cu antibiotice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii compu\u0219i sunt sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. acizii bi liari, care se combin\u0103 cu anumi\u021bi acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i cu Na+ ", "B. hidrocortizonul, care activeaz\u0103 catabolismul proteic hepatic \u0219i muscular ", "C. aldosteronul, a c\u0103rui hipersecre\u021bie determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de HCO 3- ", "D. testosteronul, care inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de osein\u0103 \u0219i depunerea Ca2+ \u00een oase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia INCORECT\u0102 referitoare la enzime:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. peptidazele pot ac\u021biona \u00een exteriorul sau \u00een interiorul enterocitelor ", "B. inhibitorul tripsinei previne activarea tripsinogenului \u00een celulele acinare ", "C. enterochinaza asociat\u0103 marginii \u00een perie activeaz\u0103 precursorul chimotripsinei ", "D. amilazele furnizeaz\u0103 substratul unor enzime asociate cu microvilii enterocitelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Se poate g\u0103si colesterol \u00een structura:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. mitocondriilor, centrozomului ", "2. dictiozomilor, lizozomilor ", "3. ribozomilor, reticulului endoplasmatic ", "4. mitocondriilor, aparatului Golgi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Con\u021bin fibre elastice urm\u0103toarele structuri:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. epiglota ", "2. membrana bazilar\u0103 ", " 3. cristaloida ", "4. mu\u0219chiul cubital anterior " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre glande este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. paratiroidele con\u021bin celule principale \u0219i celule oxifile ", "2. glandele Lieberk \u00fchn \u0219i Br \u00fcnner sunt glande tubuloase ", "3. glanda pineal\u0103 are celule gliale inervate de fibre din ganglionul cervical superior ", "4. glandele parotide \u0219i lacrimale sunt glande tubuloacinoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sec\u021bionarea cordonului lateral drept la nivel cervical superior afecteaz\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. termia p\u0103r\u021bii drepte a trunchiului ", "2. durerea somatic\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bii st\u00e2ngi toracale \u0219i abdominale ", "3. tactul p\u0103r\u021bii drepte a trunchiului ", "4. sim\u021bul tonusului musculaturii membrului inferior drept " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Prin stimularea unor nuclei vegetativi din trunchiul cerebral se produce:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. stimularea peristaltismului gastric \u0219i a secre\u021biei de HCl a glandelor oxintice ", "2. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor ciliari cir culari care determin\u0103 mioz\u0103 ", "3. stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase de la nivelul arborelui bron\u0219ic ", "4. contrac\u021bia detrusorului \u0219i relaxarea sfincterului vezical intern " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sistemul reticulat ascendent activator:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. prime\u0219te colaterale desprinse din calea auditiv\u0103 ", "2. este stimulat de epinefrin\u0103 \u0219i norepinefrin\u0103 ", "3. particip\u0103 la circuitul prin care cortexul \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine tonusul ", "4. conduce impulsurile rapid \u0219i le proiecteaz\u0103 cortical difuz " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre unele reflexe este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. pot avea centrul la nivelul unei singure sinapse in terneuronale ", "2. se pot \u00eenchide \u0219i \u00een nuclei ce apar\u021bin unei forma\u021biuni diencefalice ", "3. pot fi abolite \u00een cazul unor leziuni ale nervului trigemen ", "4. pot avea centri corticali (secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 declan\u0219at\u0103 de stimuli vizuali) " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Originea real\u0103 a unor fibre ale nervilor cranieni se afl\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. \u00een nucleul ambiguu - fibre somatice care inerveaz\u0103 faringele \u0219i laringele ", "2. \u00eentr-un ganglion pe fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii temporalului - fibre senzitive distribuite la pielea fe\u021bei ", "3. \u00een ganglionul inferior - fibre viscerosenzitive pe ntru zone reflexogene cardiovasculare ", "4. pe fa\u021ba posterioar\u0103 mezencefalic\u0103, sub lama cvadrigemina - fibre somatice pentru mu\u0219chiul oblic superior " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nucleii somatomotori ai nervilor cranieni III sunt influen\u021ba\u021bi de:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. nucleii vestibulari - \u00een mi\u0219c\u0103rile labirintice ale globilor oculari ", "2. fasciculele corticonucleare - \u00een mi\u0219c\u0103rile voluntare ale globilor oculari ", "3. ariile vizuale \u0219i coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori - \u00een reflexul de acomodare ", "4. nucleul accesor al oculomotorului - \u00een reflexul pupilar fotomotor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Impulsurile nervoase declan\u0219ate de lumina provenit\u0103 din c\u00e2mpul monocular st\u00e2ng sunt transmise:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. prin nervul optic st\u00e2ng ", "2. prin ambele tracturi optice ", "3. prin ambele radia\u021bii optice ", "4. la ambele emisfere cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Stimularea receptorilor maculari:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. are loc pe toat\u0103 durata men\u021binerii pozi\u021biei, prin deplasarea endolimfei \u0219i a cupulei ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 la accelerarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii corpului \u00eenainte, \u00eenapoi sau lateral ", " 3. permite detectarea vitezei de deplasare liniar\u0103 a corpului, respectiv a capului ", "4. are loc prin a ccelera\u021bii lini are orizontale \u0219i verticale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Analizatorul gustativ se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. receptorii gustativi au cel mai sc\u0103zut prag de excitare pentru zaharuri, glicoli, alcooli ", "2. impulsurile provenite de la chemo receptorii de contact sunt conduse prin tra ctul solitar ", "3. impulsurile gustative sunt conduse rapid pe calea indirect\u0103 \u0219i proiectate cortical difuz ", "4. mugurii din bolta palatin\u0103 percep mai ales gusturile determinate de acizi \u0219i de alcaloizi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Timusul:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. este o gland\u0103 mixt\u0103 cu pozi\u021bie retrosternal\u0103 ", "2. secre\u021biile sale cuprind hormoni deriva\u021bi din catecolamine ", "3. la pubertate dispare, fiind specific copil\u0103riei ", "4. are o secre\u021bie antagonic\u0103 PTH -ului \u00een privin\u021ba mineraliz\u0103rii osoase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt consecin\u021be ale afect\u0103rii nucleilor hipotalamici:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. mijlocii - perturbarea unor secre\u021bii suprarenaliene, tiroidiene, gonadice ", "2. posteriori - hiposecre\u021bia de somatomedine ", "3. anteriori - eliminarea unor cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de urin\u0103 diluat\u0103 ", "4. anteriori - afectarea secre\u021biei \u0219i ejec\u021biei de lapte " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Diabetul insipid \u0219i diabetul zaharat pot avea \u00een comun:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. polidipsia \u0219i poliuria ", "2. polifagia \u0219i dezechilibre acido -bazice ", "3. dezechilibre electrolitice ", "4. glicozuria \u0219i deficitul reten\u021b iei de ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la hipotalamus:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. prin secre\u021bia de ADH reduce secre\u021bia glandelor salivare, sudoripare \u0219i colice ", "2. stimuleaz\u0103 eliberarea de TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH \u0219i de MSH din adenohipofiz\u0103 ", "3. influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct activitatea unor celule ce includ miofilamente contractile ", "4. secret\u0103 doi hormoni, cu precursor comun, care stimuleaz\u0103 melanogeneza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale hormonilor pe metabolismul intermediar:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. insulina \u0219i tiroxina stimuleaz\u0103 transportul glucozei la nivelul plasmalemei ", "2. insulina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de corpi cetonici la nivelul unor celule binucleate ", "3. glicoliza este stimulat\u0103 de insulin\u0103 \u0219i de tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i influen\u021bat\u0103 de somatotrop ", "4. tiroxina stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza colesterolului \u00een celulele hepatice \u0219i adipoase " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La nivelul capului:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. mandibula este str\u0103b\u0103tut\u0103 de o ramur\u0103 mixt\u0103 a unui nerv cranian ", "2. mu\u0219chiul oblic superior este fixat pe un os al orbitei ", "3. fa\u021ba inferioar\u0103 a lobului posterior al cerebelului se afl\u0103 deasupra occipitalului ", "4. puntea lui Varolio este delimitat\u0103 anterior de osul sfenoid " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la tipul de articula\u021bie:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. temporal - parietal - sindesmoz\u0103 ", "2. falang\u0103 - metacarpian - artrodie ", "3. vertebrele L5 \u2013 S1 - diartroz\u0103 ", "4. vertebrele S1 - S2 - amfiartroz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la num\u0103rul oaselor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. membrul liber superior \u0219i cel inferior au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de oase ", "2. craniul are 22 de oase, 8 nepereche, 7 pereche ", " 3. \u00een structura bazin ului se identific\u0103 15-16 oase, unele unite pe parcursul evolu\u021biei ", "4. num\u0103rul vertebrelor este egal cu num\u0103rul perechilor de nervi spinali " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La nivelul pelvisului osos:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. canalul vertebral sacral con\u021bine ramurile dorsale \u0219i ventrale ale nervilor sacrali ", "2. este prezent\u0103 o sincondroz\u0103, care vine \u00een raport posterior cu vezica urinar\u0103 ", "3. este g\u0103zduit\u0103 o cavitate ce con\u021bine plexurile hipogastrice care inerveaz\u0103 ansele intestinale ", "4. \u00ee\u0219i au originea cei \u0219ase mu\u0219chi fesieri, care realizeaz\u0103 extensia coapsei pe bazin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "O fibr\u0103 muscular\u0103 extrafusal\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. este delimitat\u0103 de sarcolem\u0103 la exteriorul c\u0103reia se afl\u0103 endomisium ", "2. are pu\u021bin\u0103 citoplasm\u0103, numai cu organite celulare specifice ", "3. con\u021bine sarcomere , care se g\u0103sesc \u0219i \u00een fibrele intrafusale ", "4. este alungit\u0103, uninucleat\u0103 \u0219i str\u0103b\u0103t ut\u0103 de invagina\u021bii membranare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un sarcomer con\u021bine:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. dou\u0103 membrane Z \u0219i o band\u0103 H ", "2. miofilamente de actin\u0103 \u0219i de miozin\u0103 ", "3. un disc \u00eentunecat \u0219i dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi de discuri clare ", "4. o band\u0103 A \u0219i o band\u0103 I " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Tonusul muscular:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe stimularea fusurilor neuromusculare prin motoneuronii \u03b1 (alfa) ", "2. este controlat de paleocerebel prin eferen\u021be precum cele dento -rubrice ", "3. poate ap\u0103rea ca urmare a contrac\u021biei exagerate a fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", "4. se p\u0103streaz\u0103 prin reflexe mi otatice care pot fi influen\u021bate tiroidian " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "For\u021ba de contrac\u021bie a mu\u0219chiului striat cardiac este stimulat\u0103 de urm\u0103torii hormoni :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. epinefrin\u0103, care \u00eei influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u0219i excitabilitatea \u0219i conductibilitatea ", "2. glucagon, care cre\u0219te \u0219i frecven\u021ba contrac\u021biilor ", "3. tiroxin\u0103, care \u00een hipersecre\u021bie poate induce \u0219i tahicardie ", "4. acetilcolin\u0103, care \u00eei cre\u0219te \u0219i perioada refractar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. se poate hipe rtrofia prin contrac\u021bii \u00een care nu presteaz\u0103 lucru mecanic extern ", "2. are dou\u0103 origini, una pe scapul\u0103 \u0219i alta pe humerus \u0219i inser\u021bia pe radius ", "3. are inerva\u021bia somatic\u0103, senzitiv\u0103 \u0219i motorie, asigurat\u0103 din plexul brahial ", "4. este agonist unui mu\u0219chi cu trei capete de origine \u0219i inser\u021bie pe uln\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la activitatea muscular\u0103:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. percu\u021bia tendonului mu\u0219chiului triceps sural declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un reflex monosinaptic ", "2. \u00een contrac\u021biile tetanice, exist\u0103 relax\u0103ri \u00eentre stimulii repetitivi, indiferent de frecven\u021ba lor ", "3. secusa are o faz\u0103 de relaxare mai lung\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea de con trac\u021bie ", "4. fenomenele biochimice ale contrac\u0163iei transform\u0103 30% din energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie caloric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre bil\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. s\u0103rurile biliare se reabsorb activ \u00een intestinul distal ", "2. acizii biliari au un precursor comun cu hormonii corticosuprarenalieni ", "3. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een hepatocite \u0219i la nivelul ductelor biliare ", "4. secre\u021bia sa este stimulat\u0103 de colecistochinin\u0103 \u0219i de acetilcolin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Stomacul prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. mi\u0219c\u0103ri de amestec, determinate de contrac\u021bia fibrelor musculare oblice ", "2. glande a c\u0103ror secr e\u021bie poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 reflex \u00een urma stimul\u0103rii neuronilor olfactivi ", "3. relaxare receptiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de neuroni mienterici inhibitori ", "4. la limita superioar\u0103, un sfincter deschis de simpatic \u0219i \u00eenchis de parasimpatic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 este influen\u021bat\u0103 de vasopresin\u0103 \u0219i de aldosteron ", "2. unele enzime pot trece din starea inactiv\u0103 \u00een cea activ\u0103 prin autocataliz\u0103 ", "3. lizozimul, HCl \u0219i s\u0103rurile biliare exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni antibacteriene ", "4. secre\u021bia glandelor cardiale influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia ilea l\u0103 a vitaminei B 2 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la alc\u0103tuirea corpului uman:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. substan\u021ba cromatofil\u0103 se extinde \u0219i \u00een axoplasm\u0103 ", "B. celulele satelite \u0219i ependimare con\u021bin neurofibrile, iar fibrele musculare con\u021bin miofibrile ", "C. centrozomul lipse\u0219te \u00een \u021besutul nervos ", "D. permeabilitatea selectiv\u0103 poate determina apari\u021bia curen\u021bilor electrici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Din mezoderm se formeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. s\u00e2ngele \u0219i ganglionii spinali ", "B. peritoneul \u0219i plexurile intramurale ", "C. timusul \u0219i corticosuprarenalele ", "D. dentina molarilor \u0219i premolarilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre \u00eenveli\u0219ul nuclear este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. este o structur\u0103 membranar\u0103 dubl\u0103, similar\u0103 membranelor reticulare care \u00eel continu\u0103 ", "B. este alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 straturi simple de fosfolipide ", "C. prezint\u0103 pori, care permit mediului intern nuclear s\u0103 comunice cu citoplasma ", "D. con\u021bine crom ozomi alc\u0103tui\u021bi din acizi nucleici, proteine, lipide \u0219i ioni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre mitocondrii este corect urm\u0103torul enun\u021b:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. \u00een interiorul lor, respira\u021bia celular\u0103 este complet\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se formeaz\u0103 ap\u0103 ", "B. sunt mai pu\u021bin numeroase \u00een fibrele striate cu control involuntar dec\u00e2t \u00een cele cu contrac\u021bii voluntare ", "C. la nivelul lor are loc fosforilarea adenozintrifosfatului cu ajutorul fosfocreatinei ", "D. degradeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t molecule de substan\u021be organice c\u00e2t \u0219i anorganice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Osteoblastele \u0219i osteoclastele:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 componentele organice ale osului ", "B. sunt localizate \u00een areole la nivelul matricei osoase ", "C. sunt celule embrionare ce pot remodela osul ", "D. se asociaz\u0103 cu toate tipurile de oase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asem\u0103narea dintre \u021besutul nervos \u0219i cel muscular scheletic:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. sunt alc\u0103tuite din celule fusiforme plurinucleate ", "B. se asociaz\u0103 cu \u021besut conjunctiv moale, care se poate organiza sub form\u0103 de teci ", " C. con\u021bin celule care prezint\u0103 activitate secretorie endocrin\u0103 ", "D. \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii celulare, organitele specifice fibrilare \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 lungimea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cu privire la poten\u0163ialul de membran\u0103 al celulelor nervoase centrale este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. \u00een prezen\u0163a unui stimul prag, celula \u00ee\u015fi men\u0163ine constant\u0103 concentra\u0163ia intracelular\u0103 a ionilor de Na+\u015fi K+ ", "B. odat\u0103 atins pragul de excitabilitate, repolarizarea devine spontan\u0103 ", "C. celulele stimulate electric genereaz\u0103 poten\u021biale de ac\u0163iune prin modificarea poten\u0163ialului de membran\u0103 ", "D. stimulii supraliminari determin\u0103 o reac\u0163ie de r\u0103spuns mai ampl\u0103 dec\u00e2t stimulii prag " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre termenii \u201ecomisur\u0103\u201d sau \u201efibre comisurale\u201d se poate afirma:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. comisurile albe medular\u0103 \u0219i emisferic\u0103 sunt pozi\u021bionate anterior ", "B. la nivel medular comisura cenu\u0219ie este situat\u0103 superior celei albe ", "C. fibrele comisurale cerebeloase sunt prezente \u00een pedunculii cerebrali ", "D. con\u021b in fibre nervoase scurte ce asociaz\u0103 zone intraemisferice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ramurile ventrale ale nervilor spinali:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin prelungiri centripete mielinizate \u0219i axoni amielinici ", "B. sunt mixte, deoarece con\u021bin fibre somatice \u0219i vegetative ", "C. pot forma nervii intercostali, care sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 12 ", "D. con\u021bin acela\u0219i tip de fibre \u0219i au aceia\u0219i grosime ca ramurile dorsale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. originea fibrelor senzoriale \u00eentr -un ganglion situat pe traseul nervului ", "B. influen\u021barea activit\u0103\u021bii mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi p rin impulsurile transmise ", "C. conducerea de impulsuri pentru sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u021bii cefalice ", "D. localizarea nucleilor de origine \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebral " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. \u00ee\u0219i are limi ta superioar\u0103 la nivelul emergen\u021bei nervului cranian C1 ", "B. prezint\u0103 o intumescen\u021b\u0103 toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 \u0219i alta lombar\u0103 ", "C. cele dou\u0103 fascicule gracilis sunt desp\u0103r\u021bite de un \u0219an\u021b aflat \u00een rela\u021bie cu pia mater ", "D. fisura median\u0103 ventral\u0103 desparte cele dou\u0103 fa scicule piramidale \u00eencruci\u0219ate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cu privire la c\u0103ile ascendente ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. fasciculul cuneat apare numai \u00een m\u0103duva cervical\u0103 ", "B. includ axoni ne\u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ce tranziteaz\u0103 puntea ", "C. includ c\u0103i spinotalamice ce conduc impulsuri ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bii exteroceptive \u0219i interoceptive ", "D. fasciculul spinocerebelos direct este situat medial de fasciculul spinotalamic lateral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cu privire la reflexele presoare cardiovasculare este corect s\u0103 se afirme:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. sunt declan\u0219ate de cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een artera carotid\u0103 ", "B. constau \u00een reglarea tensiunii arteriale prin fenomene de vasoconstric\u021bie ", "C. determin\u0103 bradicardie \u0219i sc\u0103derea for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie a inimii ", "D. au centrii reflec\u0219i \u00een nucleii vegetativi parasimpatici ai unor nervi cranieni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre tipul inerva\u021biei limbii \u0219i nervul implicat:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. senzitiv\u0103 \u2013 nervul glosofaringian ", "B. motorie \u2013 nervul cranian VII ", "C. senzitiv\u0103 \u2013 nervul maxilar ", "D. senzorial\u0103 \u2013 nervul cranian X " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre analizatori este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. la nivelul stratului germinativ se afl\u0103 celule care con\u021bin o secre\u021bie cu rol protector ", "B. cele dou\u0103 regiuni ale tunicii fibroase a globului ocular sunt avascularizate \u0219i egale ca \u00eentindere ", " C. axul optic t rece prin mijlocul cristaloidei \u0219i zonulei Zinn ", "D. membrana vestibular\u0103 se sprijin\u0103 pe membrana tectoria \u00een interiorul canalului cohlear " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Senza\u0163ia de culoare este elaborat\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. la nivelul zonei retiniene care prezint\u0103 cea mai mare acuitate vizual\u0103 ", "B. prin prelucrarea impulsurilor a c\u0103ror fuzionare \u00eencepe \u00een corpii genicula\u021bi mediali ", "C. la nivelul celulelor ce con\u021bin iodopsin\u0103 \u00een discuri membranare din segmentul extern ", "D. la nivelul ariei 17 a lui Brodmann situat\u0103 pe marginile unui \u0219an\u021b orizontal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale protoneuronilor c\u0103ilor auditiv\u0103 \u0219i vizual\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. pot transmite impulsuri nervoase ce men\u021bin o specializare zonal\u0103 la nivelul sta\u021biilor urm\u0103toare ", "B. apar\u021bin unui grup de corpi neuronali localiza\u021bi \u00een afara sistemului nervos central ", "C. sunt neuroni bipolari de form\u0103 oval\u0103, av\u00e2nd pericarionul localizat la nivelul structurii receptoare ", "D. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een dou\u0103 sinapse interneuronale, at\u00e2t cu celula receptoare, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu deutoneuronul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Indica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre hormonii hiperglicemian\u021b i produ\u0219i de epitelii secretoare:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. STH-ul \u0219i insulina stimuleaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea aminoacizilor \u00een celul\u0103 ", "B. adrenalina, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hormonii tiroidieni, activeaz\u0103 metabolismul energetic ", "C. ADH -ul, aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul nefronului ", "D. at\u00e2t cortizolul, c\u00e2t \u0219i glucagonul, au efect lipolitic, stimul\u00e2nd lipazele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni cu efect hipocolesterolemiant, se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een interiorul celulelor parafoliculare ", "B. are loc prin iodarea tiroxinei d in structura tireoglobulinei ", "C. este stimulat\u0103 de un hormon care determin\u0103 \u0219i eliberarea lor din coloid ", "D. se depoziteaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de triiodotironin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre secre\u021bia de STH se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. stimuleaz\u0103 osificarea encondral\u0103, dup\u0103 pubertate ", "B. \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 toate efectele prin intermediul somatomedinelor ", "C. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a oaselor bol\u021bii cutiei craniene, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie, la adult ", "D. hiposecre\u021bia sa, la copil, determin\u0103 acelea\u0219i efecte asupra dezvolt\u0103rii somatice, ca \u0219i hipotiroidismul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ionii de Ca2+:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 coagularea laptelui determinat\u0103 de labferment \u00een intestinul proximal al sugarilor ", "B. influen\u021beaz\u0103 procesele de exocitoz\u0103 la nivelul ramifica\u021biilor axonice butonate ", "C. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu troponina, determin\u00e2nd eliberarea situsuril or miozinei ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a vitaminei D sensibilizat\u0103 de parathormon " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la articula\u021bii:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. articula\u021biile dintre corpurile vertebrale devin sinostoze cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", "B. artrodia de la nivelul genunchiului include componente cartilaginoase ", "C. articula\u021biile sinoviale con\u021bin un lichid secretat de o prelungire fibroas\u0103 a periostului ", "D. sindesmozele includ \u0219i suturile solzoase dintre osul frontal \u0219i oasele temporale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia cor ect\u0103 referitoare la activitatea musculaturii scheletice:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. const\u0103 \u00een contrac\u021bii tetanice complete, dac\u0103 timpul dintre stimulii succesivi este mai mare de 0,10 s ", "B. la aplicarea unui stimul unic cu valoarea prag, realizeaz\u0103 o contrac\u021bie cu o durat\u0103 total\u0103 de 0,0 1 s ", "C. presupune transformarea energiei chimice \u00een energie caloric\u0103 cu un randament de 30% ", "D. la o frecven\u021b\u0103 medie a stimul\u0103rii de 15 stimuli/secund\u0103, const\u0103 \u00een contrac\u021bii fuzionate cu grafic din\u021bat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La nivelul gambei se g\u0103sesc mu\u0219chi:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. care fac extensia labei piciorului \u0219i flexia degetelor, situa\u021bi \u00een loja anterioar\u0103 ", "B. peronieri, lung \u0219i scurt, situa\u021bi \u00een loja antero -medial\u0103 ", "C. situa\u021bi posterior, ce con\u021bin receptori \u0219i efectori pentru un reflex osteotendinos ", "D. tibiali, situa\u021bi \u00een plan superfici al, \u00een lojele anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta care descrie corect asocierea dintre mu\u0219chi \u0219i ac\u021biunile produse:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. pectoralii mici ridic\u0103 bra\u021bele la vertical\u0103 ", "B. romboizii apropie claviculele de coloana vertebral\u0103 ", "C. oblicii externi flexeaz\u0103 bazinul pe torace ", "D. tricep\u0219ii surali realizeaz\u0103 flexia picioarelor pe gambe " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre substan\u021bele implicate \u00een digestie:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. lipidele, spre deosebire de glucide, con\u021bin mai mult oxigen \u00een moleculele lor ", "B. glucidele, la fel ca lipidele, sunt substan\u021be organice ternare ", "C. glucoza, lactoza, fructoza se ob\u021bin ca rezultat final al digestiei glucidelor ", "D. bicarbona\u021bii asigur\u0103 un mediu optim pentru digestia dipeptidelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Indica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 referitoare la constituen\u021bii bilei:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. s\u0103rurile biliare, secretate activ la polul vascular al hepatocitelor, activeaz\u0103 lipazele ", "B. lecitina particip\u0103 la emulsionarea lipidelor \u0219i la formarea miceliilor hidrosolubile ", "C. s\u0103rurile biliare ajung \u00een vena centrolobular\u0103 prin circuitul enterohepatic ", "D. bilirubina este excretat\u0103 prin bil\u0103 \u0219i reabsorbit\u0103 la nivel ileal, odat\u0103 cu s\u0103rurile biliare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Acidul clorhidric din sucul gastric prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. favorizeaz\u0103 activitatea ptialinei ", "B. confer\u0103 pH -ul optim pentru activitatea hidrolitic\u0103 a pepsinei ", "C. inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia de somatostatin\u0103 ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 proliferarea bacteriilor \u00een stomac " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Chilomicronii:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. str\u0103bat membranele apical\u0103 \u0219i bazolateral\u0103 a enterocitelor, prin difuziune ", "B. includ acizi gra\u0219i liberi, fosfolipide \u0219i colesterol ", "C. sunt transporta\u021b i prin chilifere \u0219i vase limfatice c\u0103tre ficat ", "D. sunt forma\u021bi \u00een enterocite cu ajutorul unor proteine endogene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pancreasul:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. este un organ peritoneal care are raport superior cu trunchiul celiac \u0219i posterior cu aorta abdominal\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine predominant celule alfa, a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este reglat\u0103, \u00een principal, prin impulsuri declan\u0219ate de chemoreceptori, \u00een func\u021bie de nivelul glicemiei ", "C. poate fi afectat secundar \u00een cazul unor afec\u021biuni biliare, c\u00e2nd \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 fenomene de necroz\u0103 aso ciate cu dureri puternice la nivel epigastric ", "D. secret\u0103 un suc care are efecte similare asupra lipidelor cu cel secretat de o alt\u0103 gland\u0103 anex\u0103 abdominal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Lizozomii:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r mare la nivelul osteoclastelor ", "2. particip\u0103 la procesele de fagocitoz\u0103 ", "3. sunt prezen\u021bi \u0219i \u00een interiorul macrofagelor ", "4. sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een citoplasma tuturor ramifica\u021biilor axonale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Celule epiteliale din structura foliculilor sunt implicate \u00een sinteza unor:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. hormoni sterolici a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este reglat\u0103 prin feedback umoral ", "2. substan\u021be active care influen\u021beaz\u0103 miocardul de lucru ", "3. hormoni cu rol \u00een mineralizarea osoas\u0103 ", "4. substan\u021be active care relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 arteriolar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La nivelul structurilor implicate \u00een procesul respirator se pot \u00eent\u00e2lni urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besuturi:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. epitelial de acoperire unistratificat cubic ", "2. conjunctiv semidur cartilaginos hialin ", "3. epitelial de acoperire pseudostratificat cilindric ciliat ", "4. conjunctiv semidur cartilaginos elastic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Substan\u021ba nervoas\u0103 cenu\u0219ie:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. are aspect compact la nivel medular ", "2. poate fi organizat\u0103 \u00een straturi celulare \u0219i dispus\u0103 superficial ", "3. este fragmentat\u0103 \u00een nuclei la nivelul mezencefalului ", "4. poate con\u021bine ce ntri nervo\u0219i somatici \u0219i vegetativi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Un accident vascular \u00een emisfera cerebral\u0103 dreapt\u0103 poate afecta:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. interpretarea impulsurilor provenite din labirintul membranos st\u00e2ng \u0219i drept ", "2. elaborarea senza\u021biilor bazate pe informa\u021bii de la chemoreceptori excita\u021bi de stimuli externi \u0219i interni ", "3. motricitatea voluntar\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bii st\u00e2ngi a corpului ", "4. centrul vorbirii localizat \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a lobului frontal " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pe fa\u021ba antero -lateral\u0103 a m\u0103duvei prelungite se poate eviden\u021bia:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. un \u0219an\u021b median anterior mai ad\u00e2 nc, care delimiteaz\u0103 piramidele bulbare ", "2. o proeminen\u021b\u0103 transversal\u0103 care se continu\u0103 lateral cu pedunculi cerebelo\u0219i ", "3. originile aparente pentru fibrele motorii a patru perechi de nervi cranieni ", "4. un \u0219an\u021b care se l\u0103rge\u0219te \u0219i particip\u0103 la delimitarea ve ntriculului IV " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Fibrele nervoase pre - \u0219i postganglionare:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. conduc impulsul nervos celulipet ", "2. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba nervilor spinali \u0219i cranieni ", "3. pot realiza sinapse interneuronale noncolinergice \u0219i nonadrenergice ", "4. sunt prezente la nivelul orificiilor de conjugare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Leziuni ale m\u0103duvei \u00een zona C8 -T4 pot duce la:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii substan\u021belor hidrolitice din secre\u021bia salivar\u0103 ", "2. afectarea conducerii impulsurilor epicritice de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", "3. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de oxigen ce ajunge la nivelul alveolelor p ulmonare ", "4. afectarea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul por\u021biunii libere a intestinului sub\u021bire " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi nervii cranieni care conduc impulsuri nervoase ce vor ajung la talamus:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. nervul optic ", "2. nervul vestibulo -cohlear ", "3. nervul olfactiv ", "4. to\u021bi nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "SRAA proiecteaz\u0103 cortical difuz impulsuri generate la nivelul:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. receptorului din labirintul membranos cu celulele organizate pe dou\u0103 straturi ", "2. termina\u021biilor nervoase libere din piele ", "3. forma\u021biunilor ovoide situate pe fa\u021ba dorsal\u0103 a limbii formate din celule ci liate ", "4. chemoreceptorilor \u0219i baroreceptorilor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Procesul de adaptare a ochiului la intensit\u0103\u021bi luminoase sc\u0103zute presupune:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. producerea midriazei ", "2. regenerarea rodopsinei ", "3. cre\u015fterea sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii retinei ", "4. aplatizarea cristalinului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la calea acustic\u0103 este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. axonii neuronilor diencefalici se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een girul temporal superior ", "2. dendrite ale protoneuronului str\u0103bat membrana bazilar\u0103 ", "3. este implicat\u0103 \u00een producerea unor reflexe de orientare ", "4. axonii deutoneuronilo r se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 la nivelul bulbului rahidian " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Glaucomul are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. apare ca urmare a unei deficien\u021be a drenajului venos al lichidului intraocular ", "2. este cauzat de hipertrofia adenohipofizei care duce la pierderea c\u00e2mpului vizual periferic ", "3. se reduce num\u0103rul prelungirilor celulifuge func\u021bionale ale neuronilor ganglionari ", "4. persoana afectat\u0103 prezint\u0103 deficien\u021be de vedere \u00een lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i vedere \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre fibrele intrafusale, spre deosebire de cele extrafusale, se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. sunt lipsite de organite specifice \u00een zona cu nuclei ", "2. sunt grupate \u00een fascicule delimitate de perimisium ", "3. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca proprioceptori \u00een cadrul arcurilor reflexelor miotatice ", "4. particip\u0103 la formarea pl\u0103cilor motorii mediate de a cetilcolin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La nivel celular produ\u0219ii de secre\u021bie ai glandelor endocrine pot:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. influen\u021ba activitatea ribozomilor sau a mitocondriilor ", "2. ac\u021biona la nivelul membranei celulare ", "3. influen\u021ba cantitatea de incluziuni celulare citoplasmatice ", "4. men\u021bine valoarea normal\u0103 a calcemiei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Diabetul poate fi determinat de:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. hipersecre\u021bia de ACTH ", "2. hiposecre\u021bia de insulin\u0103 ", "3. hipersecre\u021bia de glucocorticoizi ", "4. hiposecre\u021bia de vasopresin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte comune ale hormonilor tiroidieni \u0219i ale adrenalinei:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei contrac\u021biilor cardiace ", "2. hiperglicemia ", "3. cre\u0219terea for\u021bei contrac\u021biilor miocardice ", "4. vasoconstric\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cu privire la corpusculii Hassal este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se g\u0103sesc \u00een zona cortical\u0103 a timusului ", "2. au celule care po t produce interleukine ", "3. apar \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o capsul\u0103 fibroas\u0103 \u00een preparatul microscopic ", "4. asigur\u0103 maturarea func\u021bional\u0103 a timocitelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi variantele corecte de r\u0103spuns:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. nervul VII conduce \u00een sensuri opuse impulsurile pentru gustul dulce \u0219i pentru \u00eenchiderea ochiului ", "2. structuri receptoare de la nivelul capului au celule cu prelungiri permanente ", " 3. diafragma este str\u0103b\u0103tut\u0103 dinspre cranial spre caudal de fibre ale celor doi nervi vagi ", "4. mastica\u021bia se poate desf\u0103\u0219ura voluntar prin interven\u021bia fibrelo r corticonucleare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chiul biceps brahial spre deosebire de mu\u0219chiul triceps brahial:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. p\u0103streaz\u0103 constant\u0103 lungimea sarcomerelor \u00een timpul flexiei antebra\u021bului pe bra\u021b ", "2. este mu\u0219chi superficial cu inerva\u021bie dubl\u0103: somatic\u0103 \u0219i vegetativ\u0103 ", "3. are tendonul de ins er\u021bie pe unul din oasele antebra\u021bului ", "4. prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 tendoane de origine, situate la nivelul omoplatului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Articula\u021biile semimobile:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc la articularea vertebrelor cu discurile intervertebrale ", "2. permit mi\u0219c\u0103ri de lateralitate \u0219i rotire a trunchiului ", "3. sunt protejate de capsule articulare \u0219i includ o cantitate mic\u0103 de lichid ", "4. implic\u0103 oase cu suprafe\u021be de articulare plane sau u\u0219or concave " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Principiile alimentare rezultate din digestia lipidelor sau proteinelor pot fi:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. ob\u021binute la nivelul lumenului intestin al ", "2. supuse proceselor metabolice la nivelul hepatocitelor ", "3. utilizate \u00een procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 ", "4. absorbite activ din enterocite \u00een capilarele sinusoide ale venei porte " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Obstruc\u021bia canalului coledoc poate fi urmat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea cantit\u0103\u021bii de lipide nedigerate \u00een compozi\u021bia materiilor fecale ", "2. absen\u021ba hidrolizei gr\u0103similor alimentare emulsionate ", "3. reducerea cantit\u0103\u021bii de glicerol absorbite la polul apical al enterocitului ", "4. o inhibare a absorb\u021biei chilomicronilor \u00een vasul ch ilifer central " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele caracteristici fiziologice apar\u021bin intestinului gros:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 flexuri colice, respectiv hepatic\u0103 \u0219i splenic\u0103 ", "2. \u00een jum\u0103tatea proximal\u0103 se absorb apa \u0219i electroli\u021bii (Na+, Cl-) ", "3. teniile \u00ee\u0219i au originea la nivelul apendicelui ve rmiform ", "4. haustra\u021biile determin\u0103 proiec\u021bia \u00een afar\u0103 a zonelor colice nestimulate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cu privire la peretele tubului digestiv este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. mucoasa care tapeteaz\u0103 lumenul este format\u0103 din \u021besut epitelial de acoperire uni - \u0219i pluristratificat ", "2. \u00een treimea superioar\u0103 a esofagului stratul muscular neted este dispus circular \u0219i longitudinal ", "3. submucoasa este format\u0103 din \u021besut conjunctiv lax cu glande de tip mucos ", "4. adventicea stomacului prezint\u0103 plexul nervos vegetativ Auerbach " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre reflexele motorii digestive se poate afirma:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. reflexul de degluti\u021bie devine \u00een totalitate un reflex voluntar, prin corticalizare ", "2. calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflexului salivator parotidian este asigurat\u0103 de nervii cranieni mic\u0219ti ", "3. reflexul de mastica\u021bie este reglat de ce ntri bulbo -pontini afla\u021bi \u00een rela\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 cu centrii respiratori ", "4. calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflexului de defeca\u021bie asociaz\u0103 \u0219i fibre somatomotorii cu origine sacral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre vilozit\u0103\u021bile intestinale:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. sunt delimitate de un \u021besut format din celule epiteliale \u0219i celule conjunctive mucoase ", "2. prezint\u0103 un ax central conjunctivo -vascular ce include \u0219i fibre senzitive din gg l. juxtaviscerali ", "3. prezint\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri de scurtare \u0219i de alungire datorate activit\u0103\u021bii fibrelor tunicii musculare ", "4. asociaz\u0103 enzime care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een timpul procesului de absorb\u021bie intestinal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Capilarele portale pot con\u0163in e s\u00e2nge:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. provenit din artera hipofizar\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", "2. provenit din dou\u0103 surse: arterial\u0103 \u0219i venoas\u0103 ", "3. cu neurohormoni stimulatori \u0219i inhibitori ", "4. bogat \u00een n utrimente preluate din intestin " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 despre celulele ductale:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hepatocitele, la secre\u021bia bilei ", "2. sunt implicate \u00een secre\u021bia enzimelor pancreatice ", "3. pot con\u021bine receptori pentru o neurosecre\u021bie hipotalamic\u0103 ", "4. sunt celule conjunctive de form\u0103 cubic\u0103 sau cilindric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale gu\u0219ii endemice \u0219i gu\u0219ii exoftalmice:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. apar ca efect al caren\u021bei iodului din alimenta\u021bie ", "2. se pot trata cu hormoni tiroidieni de substitu\u021bie ", "3. reprezint\u0103 consecin\u021ba excesului secre\u021biei tiroidiene ", "4. presupun hipe rtrofia glandei tiroide " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Indentifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la planul transversal:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. trece prin axul grosimii \u0219i al \u00een\u0103l\u021bimii corpului ", "B. permite identificarea de forma\u021biuni mediale sau laterale \u00een raport cu distan\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de el ", "C. este orizontal \u0219i perpendicular pe planul frontal ", "D. \u00eemparte corpul \u00eentr -o parte ventral\u0103 \u0219i alta dorsal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021b i afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la nivelurile de organizare ale corpului uman:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. celulele \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma ini\u021bial\u0103 independent de func\u021bia lor ", "B. \u021besuturile con\u021bin celule diferite unite prin substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 ", "C. organel e sunt asocieri de cel pu\u021bin trei \u021besu turi ", "D. sistemele de organe sunt unit\u0103\u021bi morfologice care \u00eendeplinesc o func\u021bie major\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nervul optic drept:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. este format din axonii celulelor ganglionare bipolare din stratul 8 al retinei ", "B. \u00ee\u0219i trimite o parte din fibre \u00een tractul optic st\u00e2ng la nivelul chiasmei optice ", "C. conduce informa\u021bii din jum\u0103tatea nazal\u0103 a retinei ochiului st\u00e2ng ", "D. se \u00eentinde \u00eentre pata oarb\u0103 \u0219i corpii genicula\u021bi laterali din metatalamus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Impulsurile eferente ajung la musculatura limbii prin:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. ramura mandibular\u0103 a nervului trigemen ", "B. fibrele somato motorii ale nervului hipoglos ", "C. axonii preganglionari ai nervului cranian IX ", "D. fibrele visceromotorii ale nervului facial " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nervul facial:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. controleaz\u0103 degluti\u021bia ", "B. asigur\u0103 sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 pentru cap \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 ", "C. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii masticatori ", "D. provoac\u0103 secr e\u021bia glandelor mucoasei nazale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fibrele corticonucleare ajung la:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. nucleul ro\u0219u din mezencefal ", "B. nucleii Goll \u0219i Burdach ", "C. nucleul ambiguu din bulb ", "D. nucleul dorsal al vagului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fasciculul piramidal direct :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. conduce influxul nervos motor involuntar ", "B. are conexiuni c u nucleii motori ai nervilor cranieni : II, VII \u0219i XI ", "C. ajunge \u00een cordonul lateral de parte a opus\u0103 originii sale ", "D. este format din fibre care pot avea originea \u00een aria premotorie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Tract ul spinocerebelos ventral:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. deserve\u0219te sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021b iu ", "B. con\u021bine axoni care p\u0103trund \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 pe calea r\u0103d\u0103cinii posterioare ", "C. utilizeaz\u0103 calea cordoanelor laterale, dup\u0103 \u00eencruci\u0219are ", "D. ajunge la cerebel pe calea pedunculului cerebelos inferior " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. conduce informa\u021bii de la rece ptori din piele, periost \u0219i articula\u021bii 2 ", " B. con\u021bine fasciculul spinotalamic cu traseu prin cordonul lateral opus ", "C. prezint\u0103 deutoneuroni \u00een nuclei i bulbari Goll \u0219i Burdach ", "D. prezint\u0103 al treilea neuron senzitiv la nivelul diencefalului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fasciculele ve stibulospinale :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. au traseu prin cordoanele lateral \u0219i anterior, dup\u0103 \u00eencruci\u0219are \u00een bulb ", "B. au origine \u00een nucleii care con\u021bin \u0219i deutoneuronii c\u0103ii vestibulare ", "C. ajung la neuronii din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", "D. coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile fine, reflexele posturale \u0219i atitudinale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Axonul neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. dendritele neuronilor motori \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare ", "B. neuroni din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a coarnelor posterioare ", "C. protoneuroni din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin \u0103rii ", "D. deutoneuronii bulbari ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ramurile ventral e ale nervilor spinali:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. se anastomozeaz\u0103, cu excep\u021bia celor din regiunea lombar\u0103 ", "B. formeaz\u0103 un plex sacral ce inerveaz\u0103 viscerele pelviene ", "C. se distribuie la mu\u0219chii \u0219i pielea spate lui \u0219i a membrelor ", "D. au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 la nivelul mu\u0219chilor jgheaburilor vertebrale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos parasimpatic:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. relaxeaz\u0103 fibrele circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar ", "B. produce vasoconstric\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale ", "C. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021b ia glandelor sudoripare la nivelul palmelor ", "D. creste for\u021ba de contrac\u021b ie a mu\u0219chiului cardiac " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii SNV simpatic:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biilor glandelor mucoase \u0219i bronhodilata\u021bia ", "B. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului ciliar, favoriz\u00e2nd acomodarea pentru veder ea de aproape ", "C. relaxarea sfincterului piloric \u0219i sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor intestinale ", "D. secre\u021bie abundent\u0103, bogat\u0103 \u00een enzime la nivelul glandelor parotide " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Marele nerv splanhnic con\u021bine fibre:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. cu originea \u00een ganglionii paravertebrali T6 - T12 ", "B. pregangliona re care inerveaz\u0103 glanda medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", "C. postganglionare care inerveaz\u0103 organele din pelvis ", "D. care se termin\u0103 \u00eentr -un ganglion previsceral parasimpatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Termina\u021biile \u00eencapsulate din piele:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. sunt reprezentate de corpusculii Pacini \u0219i Golgi -Mazzoni din hipo derm ", "B. formeaz\u0103 corpusculi senzitivi cu localizare la nivelul epidermului ", "C. recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal stimuli nespecifici \u0219i diferen\u021be de temperatur\u0103 ", "D. pot func\u021biona ca mecano -, foto -, termo - \u0219i chiar ca algoreceptori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin 5 -10 fibr e nervoase modificate numite intrafusale ", "B. prezint\u0103 inerva\u021bie motorie dubl\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de neuronii \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b3 ", "C. sunt \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", "D. deservesc reflexul de inhibare a contrac\u021biei musculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fibrele \u201d\u00een floare\u201d ( \u201d\u00een buche t\u201d):", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. sunt axoni ai neuronilor \u03b3 din coarnele anterioare ", "B. au neuronul de origine \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", "C. se termin\u0103 \u00een por\u021biunea central\u0103 a fibrelor cu sac nuclear ", "D. realizeaz\u0103 inerva\u021bia senzitiv\u0103 a receptorilor ce deservesc reflexele miotatice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Din c alea optic\u0103 se desprind colaterale c\u0103tre:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. coliculii cvadrigemeni inferiori 3 ", " B. centrii mezencefalici care regleaz\u0103 diametrul pupilar ", "C. nucleii nervilor cranieni II I, V \u0219i VI ", "D. corpii genicula\u021bi mediali din metatalamus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru durere:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. fac parte din cate goria receptorilor fazici ", "B. pot fi stimula\u021bi de factori mecanici, chimici \u0219i termici ", "C. transform \u0103 energia stimulului \u00een senza\u021bie dureroas\u0103 ", "D. sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een piele, \u00een viscere \u0219i \u00een \u021besutul nervos al encefalului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul acomod\u0103rii pentru vederea de aproape:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. ligamentul suspensor al cristalinului se tensioneaz\u0103 ", "B. tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 scade \u0219i lentila se bombeaz\u0103 ", "C. convergen\u021ba cristalinului ajunge la valoarea minim\u0103 ", "D. fibrele circulare ale mu\u0219chiului ciliar se relaxeaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Depolar izarea celulelor gustative are la b az\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. legarea substan\u021belor chimice de molecule lipidice receptoare ", "B. apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de repaus ", "C. deschiderea unor canale ionice ", "D. p\u0103trunderea ionilor de K+ \u00een celul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. protoneuroni situa\u021bi \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul u nor nervi senzoriali ", "B. deutoneuronii localiza\u021bi \u00een nucleul solitar din punte ", "C. proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a girusului postcentral ", "D. fibre senzoriale \u00eencruci\u0219ate dup\u0103 sinapsa din bul b " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 a nervului spinal con\u021bine :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. numai fibre v egetative ", "B. axoni mielinici ai neuronilor din coarnele anterioare ", "C. fibre vegetative visceromotorii postganglionare ", "D. fibre viscerosenzitive cu originea \u00een coarnele posterioare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hipersecre\u021bia de STH la adult se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a oaselor lungi \u0219i talii peste 2 m ", "B. c\u0103derea p\u0103rului, unghiilor \u0219i a din\u021bilor ", "C. cre\u0219terea exagerat\u0103 a mandibulei ", "D. regresia ficatului \u0219i a inimii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de STH este :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. controlat\u0103 de hipotalamusul anterior prin doi neurohormoni ", "B. inhibat\u0103 de inani\u021bie \u0219i de hipoglicemie ", "C. reglat\u0103 printr-un mecanism de feedback pozitiv ", "D. crescut\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de stres " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. LTH intensific\u0103 ac\u021biunea FSH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculilor ovarieni ", "B. ADH produce vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul arteriolelor , \u00een doze mari ", "C. ACTH stim uleaz\u0103 \u00een principal activitatea secretorie a zonei glomerulare a corticosuprarenalei ", "D. LH stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de progesteron \u0219i estrogeni a corpului galben " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonul antidiuretic:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. reduce secre\u021bia glandelor lacrimale ", "B. cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia obligatorie a apei la niv elul tubilor distali ", "C. cre\u0219te rata filtr\u0103rii glomerulare ", "D. scade permeabilitatea pentru ap\u0103 a celulelor tubilor colectori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cortizolul:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul proteic \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici \u0219i \u00een ficat ", "B. produce hiperglicemie prin gluconeogenez\u0103 \u0219i glicogenoliz \u0103 ", "C. scade concentra\u021bia acizilor gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici ", "D. cre\u0219te elimin\u0103rile de N \u0219i absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte co mune ale tiroxinei \u0219i glucagonului:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219terea for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", "B. sc\u0103derea secre\u021bi ei gastric e ", "C. cre\u0219terea frecven\u021b ei mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", "D. sc\u0103derea secre\u021bi ei biliare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "De la nucleii vestibulari, impulsurile vestibulare se distribuie spre:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. neuronii somatomotori medulari, pentru reglarea tonusului muscular ", "2. deutoneuronii talamici, de unde prin fibre talamocorticale ajung pe scoar\u021b\u0103 ", "3. nuclei motori ai nervilor III, IV \u0219i VI, pentru controlul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor oculare ", "4. coliculii cvadrigemeni unde se \u00eenchid reflexe de orientare vizual\u0103 \u0219i auditiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunete le cu frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. produc vibra\u021bii cu amplitudine maxim\u0103 \u00een apropierea sc\u0103ri\u021bei ", "2. se transmit prin \u201dfire izolate\u201d spre cortex , sub form\u0103 de impulsuri nervoase auditive ", "3. activeaz\u0103 anumi\u021bi neuroni cohleari, coliculari \u0219i diencefalici ", "4. au \u00eentre 5000 \u2013 7000 Hz " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La nivelul organului Corti:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. celulele de sus\u021binere delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", "2. celulele senzoriale sunt dis puse pe 3 -4 \u0219iruri spre columel\u0103 ", "3. tunelul Corti este traversat de dendrite ale protoneuronilor ", "4. celulel e receptoare au cili rigizi ce str\u0103bat membrana tectoria " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea olfactiv\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. protoneuronii au dendrite butonate \u0219i prev\u0103zute cu cili ", "2. cuprinde 10 -20 de nervi olfactivi care ajung la hipocamp ", "3. unii axoni ai deutoneuronilor trec \u00een bulbul olfactiv contralateral ", "4. deutoneuronii sunt celulele granulare din bulbii olfactivi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen hipermetropie :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. convexitatea cristalinului es te accentuat\u0103 ", "2. punctul proxim este situat mai departe de ochi ", "3. pe retin\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 mai multe focare ", "4. imaginea se formeaz\u0103 \u00eenapoia retinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Arcul reflex miotatic cuprinde:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. receptorul - reprezentat de organele tendinoase Golgi ", "2. calea aferent\u0103 - format\u0103 din ter mina\u021bii senzitive primare \u0219i secundare ", "3. centrul - la nivelul sinapsei dintre neuronul senzitiv \u0219i cel intercalar ", "4. calea eferent\u0103 - format\u0103 din axonii neuronilor \u03b1 -tonici medulari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sensibilitatea termic\u0103 este deservit\u0103 de:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. termina\u021bii nervoase \u00eencapsulate ", "2. corpusculii senzitivi Ruffini (pent ru cald) 5 ", " 3. termina\u021bii nervoase cu diametrul mic \u0219i nemielinizate ", "4. termina\u021bii nervoase libere " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura mugurelui gustativ se g\u0103sesc :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. celule de sus\u021binere ", "2. celule bazale care se divid permanent ", "3. celule senzoriale cu microvill i ", "4. dendrite ale neuronilor din nucleul solitar " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Gustul amar poate fi perceput la nivelul:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. faringelui ", "2. epiglotei ", "3. bol\u021bii palatine ", "4. bazei limbii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pot fi cauz e ale cataractei:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", "2. traumatisme ale cristalinului ", "3. diabetul zaharat ", "4. drenajul defectuos al umorii apoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "STH-ul:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. exercit\u0103 efecte indirecte p rin intermediul somatomedinelor ", "2. provoac\u0103 sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor de Ca, Na, K, P, N ", "3. are efect opus insulinei pe metabolismul glucidic ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea mu\u0219chilor, viscerelor \u0219i a creierului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt efect e ale glucocor ticoizilor asupra unor organe, \u021besuturi \u0219i celule :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de plachete, limfocite \u0219i hematii ", "2. stimularea catabolismul proteic \u00een oase \u0219i mu\u0219chi ", "3. reducerea num\u0103rului de eozinofile, neutrofile \u0219i bazofile ", "4. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de HCl \u0219i pepsinogen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Noradrenalina:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. este mediator chimic al sistemului nervos somatic ", "2. dilat\u0103 vasele din ficat \u0219i din tegument ", "3. este secretat\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de 8 0% \u00een situa\u021bii neobi\u0219nuite de via\u021b\u0103 ", "4. relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 a tractului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sindromul Cushing se manifest\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. reten\u021bie masiv\u0103 de ap\u0103 \u0219i sare ", "2. astenie muscular\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103deri \u00een greutate ", "3. hipertensiune, hiperglicemie \u0219i d iabet insipid ", "4. afectarea metabolismului glucidic, lipidic \u0219i proteic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Tetania se manifest\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromuscu lare ", "2. dezvoltarea defectuas\u0103 a din\u021bilor la copii ", "3. spasme ale musculaturii laringiene ", "4. decalcifieri osoase \u0219i calcific\u0103ri renale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calcitonina exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. stimularea osteogenezei ", "2. cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a Ca2+ prin efect indirect media t de vitamin a D3 ", "3. inhibarea form\u0103rii de noi osteoclaste ", "4. stimularea reabsorb\u021biei tubulare a fosfa\u021bilor \u0219i a Ca2+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stimularea simpaticului determin\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. inhibarea secre\u021biei de adrenalin\u0103 ", "2. stimularea secre\u021biei de insulin\u0103 6 ", " 3. inhibarea secre\u021biei de tiroxin\u0103 ", "4. stimularea secre\u021biei de glucagon " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. scad catabolismul proteinelor musculare \u0219i a celor plasmatice ", "2. cresc absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei \u0219i glicoliza ", "3. determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea excre\u021biei de azot (bilan\u021b azotat pozitiv) ", "4. scad concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a coles terolului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "In hiperfunc\u021bia tiroidian\u0103 apar:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. semnele unei hiperfunc\u021bii simpatice \u2013 tahicardie, hipertensiune ", "2. hiperfagie asociat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea \u00een greutate ", "3. cre\u0219terea consumului de oxigen \u0219i a metabolismului bazal ", "4. senza\u021bie de frig \u0219i c\u0103derea p\u0103rului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Insulina:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea adipocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 ", "2. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de corpi cetonici ", "3. cre\u0219te permeabilitatea sarcolemei pentru aminoacizi ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza hepatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stimularea parasimpatic\u0103 produce:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. dilata\u021bia arborelui bron\u0219ic ", "2. sc\u0103derea frecven\u021b ei cardiace ", "3. reducerea secre\u021biei lacrimale ", "4. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei exocrine a pancreasului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sinapsele:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. sunt conexiuni func\u021bionale \u00eentre un neuron \u0219i o alt\u0103 celul\u0103 ", "2. prezint\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba butonului terminal receptori specifici ", "3. pot fi electrice , \u00een miocard \u0219i \u00een an umite zone din creier ", "4. con\u021bin la nivelul fantei sinaptice vezicule cu mediator chimic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus se datoreaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. reparti\u021biei egale a ionilor pe cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be ale plasmalemei ", "2. prezen\u021bei intracelulare a unor moleculele nedifuzibile \u00eenc\u0103rca te negativ ", "3. cre\u0219terii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membrane i pentru Na+ \u0219i Ca2+ ", "4. activit\u0103\u021bii pompei de Na+/K+ care asigur\u0103 un raport de 3Na+ la 2K+ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 trei neuroni: preganglionar, ganglionar \u0219i postganglionar ", "2. este asem\u0103n\u0103 toare cu cea a arcului reflex somatic ", "3. con\u021bine pe traseu ganglioni parasimpatici latero vertebrali ", "4. prezint\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o sinaps\u0103 colinergic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin c re\u0219terea sau sc\u0103derea ratei de stimulare simpatic\u0103 se regleaz\u0103 activitatea urm\u0103toarel or organe:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. mu\u0219chii erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", "2. glandele endocrine sebacee ", "3. medulosuparenalele ", "4. glandele intestinale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nervii vagi inerveaz\u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. mucoasa faringelui \u0219i laringelui, prin fibre somatosenzitive ", "2. mu\u0219chii faringelui \u0219i laringelui, prin fibre somatomotorii ", "3. tegumentul urechii externe, a sigur\u00e2nd sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 ", "4. zonele reflexogene, f\u0103c\u00e2nd parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului de presor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale r eflexul auditiv -salivar:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. se manifest\u0103 la to\u021bi indivizii speciei umane ", " 2. este dependent de experien\u021ba personal\u0103 ", "3. are centrul reflex la nivelul trunchiului cerebral ", "4. poate disp\u0103rea prin neexersare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente nespecifice:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. conduc impulsurile lent ", "2. apar\u021bin substan\u021bei reticula te ", "3. conduc informa\u021bii de la viscere ", "4. au \u00eentotdeauna trei neuroni " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Encefalita :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 inflama\u021bia acut\u0103 a substan\u021bei cerebrale ", "2. poate fi provocat\u0103 \u0219i de agen\u021bi neinfec\u021bio\u0219i ", "3. se manifest\u0103 prin disfunc\u021bii cerebrale grave \u0219i extinse ", "4. este o boal\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 ca \u0219i meningita " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hemoragiile cerebrale pot fi cauzate de :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. traumatisme craniene ", "2. ruperea unui vas ateromatos ", "3. hipertensiunea arterial \u0103 ", "4. agen\u021bi infec\u021bio\u0219i (unele virusuri, meningococ ul) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere topografic:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. corpusculii Pacini sunt dispu\u0219i profund fa\u021b\u0103 de discurile Merkel ", "B. nervul IV (originea aparent\u0103) este dispus cranial fa\u021b\u0103 de lama cvadrigemina ", "C. fasciculul gracilis este dispus lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculul cuneat ", "D. paratiroidele sunt dispuse ventral fa\u021b\u0103 de glanda care secret\u0103 tiroxin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pompa de Na+-K+:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. transport\u0103 simultan un num\u0103r egal din cationi i Na+ \u0219i K+ ", "B. intervine \u00een men\u021binerea poten\u021bialului membranar de repaus ", "C. transport\u0103 ionii conform gradientului de concentra\u021bie ", "D. este un exemplu de transport pasiv secundar (cotransport) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. are valoare pozitiv\u0103 \u00een fibrele musculare de la nivelul antrului gastric ", "B. se propag\u0103 cu 10 m/s \u00een fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul salivator inferior ", "C. are o durat\u0103 mai mic\u0103 pentru fibra miocardic\u0103 ventricular\u0103 dec\u00e2t pentru neuron ", "D. se propag\u0103 saltatoriu \u00een fibrele simpatice destinate medulosuprarenalei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fibrele musculare din structura fusului neuromuscular au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sunt fibre modificate de dou\u0103 tipuri: anulospirale \u0219i \u00een floare/\u00een buchet ", "B. prezint\u0103 o por\u021biune central\u0103 cu organite celulare specifice \u0219i nuclei ", "C. sunt lipsite de elemente contractile la extr emit\u0103\u021bi ", "D. sunt cu lan\u021b nuclear (mai numeroase) \u0219i cu sac nuclear (mai pu\u021bin numeroase) " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stimularea fibrelor parasimpatice determin\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. contrac\u021bia musculaturii netede a bronhiolelor ", "B. stimul area secre\u021biei zonei medulare a glandei suprarenale ", "C. contrac\u021bia detrusorului \u0219i a sfincterelui vezical intern ", "D. reducerea debitului urinar \u0219i a secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. hiperpigmentare cutanat\u0103 provocat\u0103 de excesul de ACTH \u0219i de MSH ", "B. cre\u0219terea valorilor glicemiei \u0219i ale tensiunii arteriale ", "C. re\u021binerea apei \u0219i a s\u0103rii \u00een organism, cu producerea de edeme ", "D. tendin\u021ba de a cre\u0219te \u00een greutate \u0219i astenie muscular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fibra preganglionar\u0103 simpatic\u0103 se comport\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te m\u0103duva prin ramura anterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal ", "B. elibereaz\u0103 noradrenalin\u0103 la sinapsa cu organul efector ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een componen\u021ba ramurii cenu\u0219ii a nervului spinal ", "D. poate face sinaps\u0103 cu neuronii care secret\u0103 catecolamine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei hormonului secretat de celulele principale ale paratiroidelor:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a calciului ", "B. este dependent\u0103 de secre\u021bia hipotalamusului mijlociu \u0219i a adenohipofizei ", "C. se realizeaz\u0103 exclusiv prin mecanisme nervoase ", "D. depinde \u00een principal de concentra\u021bia fosfa\u021bilor organici din plasma " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenogeneza \u0219i gluconeogeneza ", "B. tiroxina \u0219i cortizolul scad elimin\u0103rile de azot ", "C. aldosteronul stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia de Na+ \u0219i secre\u021bia de H+ ", "D. insulina inhib\u0103 glicoloza \u00een celulele musculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine neuroni care asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a fibrelor intrafusale ", "B. con\u021bine fascicule fundamentale localizate \u00een cele \u0219ase cordoane ale substan\u021bei albe ", "C. este sediul reflexelor ahile an, piloerector, sudoripar, pupiloconstrictor ", "D. prezint\u0103 la nivelul cordoanelor posterioa re dou\u0103 fascicule cu lungime e gal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Glucagonul exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte metabolice:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219te for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103 ", "B. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a pancreasului ", "C. scade secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza de glucoz\u0103 din precursori neglucidici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Neuronii senzitivi ai arcului reflex vegetativ parasimpatic pot fi localiza\u021bi \u00een ganglionii:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. juxtaviscerali ", "B. cranieni ai nervilor glosofaringieni \u0219i vagi ", "C. paravertebrali ", "D. spinali de pe traseul ramurii dorsale a nervilor spinali " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Boala Basedow -Graves:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 hipersudora\u021bii ", "B. provoac\u0103 sc\u0103derea metabolismului bazal \u0219i a greut\u0103\u021bii corpului ", "C. produce edem mucos \u0219i letargie ", "D. se \u00eenso\u021be \u0219te obligatoriu de exoftalmie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fasciculele spinotalamice prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. au originea \u00een ganglionii spinali ", "B. fac parte din calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile fine ", "C. str\u0103bat trunchiul cerebral \u00een \u00eentregime ", "D. formeaz\u0103 o decusa\u021bie senzitiv\u0103 la nivel bulbar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lipoliza este inhibat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. glucagon ", "B. tiroxin\u0103 ", "C. insulin\u0103 ", "D. cortiz ol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului sacrat determin\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. sc\u0103derea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul colonului ascendent ", "B. constric\u021bie sfincterian\u0103 la nivelul vezicii urinare ", "C. inhibarea secre\u021biei glandelor de la nivelul colonului ", "D. cre\u0219terea motilit\u0103\u021bii colonului sigmoid " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii olfactive:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. are \u0219i rol de chemoreceptor, av\u00e2nd dendrite scurte, groase \u0219i ciliate ", "B. este reprezentat de celula mitral\u0103 (neuron bipolar) ", "C. este localizat \u00eentr -o structur\u0103 de pe fa\u021b a bazal\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", "D. are conexiuni directe cu talamusul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fibrele senzoriale ale nervului facial fac sinaps\u0103 cu deutoneuronii situa\u021bi \u00een :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. nucleul motor din etajul pontin ", "B. ganglionul geniculat ", "C. nucleul lacrimal din punte ", "D. nucleul solitar din bulb " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni determin\u0103 :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. demielinizarea axonilor neuronilor centrali \u0219i periferici ", "B. catabolismul proteinelor musculare \u0219i plasmatice ", "C. sc\u0103derea amplitudinii mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", "D. cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei colesterolului plasmatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia co rect\u0103 referitoare la analizatorul vizual:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. organul activ al acomod\u0103rii este mu\u0219chiul ciliar ", "B. aria vizual\u0103 este localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobului temporal ", "C. axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 radia\u021biile optice ", "D. tractul optic st\u00e2ng con\u021bine fibre temporale drepte \u0219i nazale st\u00e2ngi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Diabetul insipid \u0219i diabetul zaharat au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. pot beneficia de tratament cu hormoni de substiti\u021bie ", "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin poliurie, polidipsie, polifagie ", "C. apar prin hipersecre\u021bie hormonal\u0103 la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103 ", "D. se man ifest\u0103 \u0219i prin glicozurie \u0219i dezechilibre electrolitice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fasciculele Goll \u0219i Flechsig prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. au originea \u00een coarnele posterioare medulare ", "B. se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus ", "C. au traseu prin cordoane medulare de aceea\u0219i parte ", "D. se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Urmatoarele structuri deservesc reflexul miotatic:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. corpusculii neurotendino\u0219i Golgi ", "B. fusurile neuromusculare ", "C. corpusculii Ruffini ", "D. termina\u021biile nervoase libere " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 un individ st\u0103 mult \u00een \u00eentuneric:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. rodopsina este descompus\u0103 \u00een retinen \u0219i opsin\u0103 ", "B. vitamina A este transformat\u0103 \u00een retinen ", "C. scade concentra\u021bia pigmen\u021bilor vizuali ", "D. retinenul este transformat \u00een vitamina A " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi efectul determinat de unul din nerv ii cranie ni mic\u0219ti :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter pupilar ", "B. ridicarea pleoapei superioare ", "C. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului trapez ", "D. secre\u021bia glandelor mucoasei nazale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunetele cu frecven\u021b\u0103 joas\u0103 sunt percepute de celulele:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. de sus\u021binere de la baza melcului ", "B. care delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", "C. receptoare de la v\u00e2rful melcului ", "D. care secret\u0103 membrana reticulat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de aldosteron cre\u0219te atunci c\u00e2nd:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. scade concentra\u021bia Na+ \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "B. cre\u0219te presiunea osmotic\u0103 ", "C. scade concentra\u021bia K+ \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "D. cre\u0219te volumul sanguin " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. receptorii termici sunt TNL cu diametru mic \u0219i mielinizate ", "B. corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni se g\u0103sesc \u00een dermul pulpei degetelor ", "C. discurile Merkel sunt receptor i ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosier\u0103 ", "D. corpusculii Pacini se adapteaz\u0103 lent \u0219i recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 vibra\u021biile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nervul splanhnic mare \u0219i nervul pelvic au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. se distribuie organelor din cavitatea abdominal\u0103 \u0219i pelvin\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bin fibre amielinice cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale ", "C. str\u0103bat ganglioni laterovertebrali \u00een traseul lor c\u0103tre efectori ", "D. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din axoni care elibereaz\u0103 acetilcolin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonii secreta\u021bi de zona fasciculat\u0103 a CSR au urm\u0103toarele efecte:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. cresc secre\u021bia de HCl \u0219i de pepsinogen ", "B. scad catabolismul proteinelor \u00een mu\u0219chi ", "C. cresc permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 ", "D. scad concentra\u021bia acizilor gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind nervul oculomotor:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupilar fotomotor ", "2. con\u021bine fibre visceromotorii pentru mu\u0219chiul oblic inferior \u0219i mu\u0219chiul drept superior ", "3. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii ciliari circulari, produc\u00e2nd mioz\u0103 ", "4. are fibre cu origine \u00eentr-un nucleu care prime\u0219te aferen\u021be de la nuclei vestibulari " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la glanda pineal\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. secret\u0103 melanin\u0103 cu ac\u021biune fre natoare asupra func\u021biei gonadelor ", "2. are activitate secretorie independent\u0103 de inerva\u021bia simpatic\u0103 proprie ", "3. secret\u0103 vasotocin\u0103 cu ac\u021biune antigonadotrop\u0103, mai ales anti -LTH ", "4. intervine prin secre\u021biile sale \u00een metabolismul mineral " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Axonii neuronilor din ganglionii spinali pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. ai c\u0103ror axoni inerveaz\u0103 fibrele extrafusale ", "2. medulari \u0219i bulbari cu semnifica\u021bie de deutoneuroni ", "3. de asocia\u021bie \u0219i prin intermediul lor cu neuroni motori ", "4. din coarnele laterale, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd arcul reflex miotatic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Calea gustativ\u0103 prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. ganglioni cranieni apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unor nervi mic\u0219ti, pe traseul s\u0103u extranevraxial ", "2. protoneuroni \u00een rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu celule senzoriale din papilele filiforme ", "3. deutoneuronii localiza\u021bi \u00eentr -un nucleu senzitiv de la nivelul bulbului rah idian ", "4. proiec\u021bie \u00een lobul frontal, unde se integreaz\u0103 sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 cu cea general\u0103 a limbii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Care din urm\u0103toarele efecte se datoreaz\u0103 stimul\u0103rii SNV simpatic:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor sudoripare ", "2. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor lacrimale ", "3. stimularea secre\u021biei medulosuprarenalei ", "4. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor salivare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Care din urm\u0103torii nervi con\u021bin fibre vegetative p reganglionare:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. pneumogastrici ", "2. cu origine \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei toracale T10 -T12 ", "3. pelvieni ", "4. cu origine \u00een cei trei ganglioni cervicali laterovertebrali " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fasciculele spinobulbare au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. au fibre care conduc sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 \u0219i fibre care conduc sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 ", "2. fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een unii nuclei din bulbul olfactiv cu deutoneuronii sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor conduse ", "3. con\u021bin axoni lungi ai neuronilor din ganglionii de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina senzitiv\u0103 a nervului spinal ", "4. sunt dispuse \u00een cordoanele posterioare de aceea\u0219i parte (gracilis) \u0219i de partea opus\u0103 (cuneat) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Neuronii somatomotori din coarnele anterioare medulare pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. fibre ale fasciculelor descendente cu origine mezencefalic\u0103 ", "2. dendrite ale neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionii spinali ", "3. axoni mielinici din fasciculele corticospinale ", "4. fibre cu originea \u00een nuclei i motori ai nervilor cranieni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Receptorii situa\u021bi la nivelul utriculei \u0219i saculei sunt:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. stimula\u021bi de varia\u021biile accelera\u021biei liniare a capului \u0219i corpului ", "2. \u00een rela\u021bie direct \u0103 cu cei patru nuclei vestibulari bulbari ", "3. stimula\u021bi mecanic de c\u0103tre otolite, \u00een condi\u021bii statice \u0219i dinamice ", "4. \u00een rela\u021bie cu dendritele neuronilor din ganglionul Corti " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tractul optic:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este format din axonii protoneuronilor c\u0103ii vizuale ", "2. particip\u0103 la conectarea celulelor ganglionare cu neuronii metatalamici ", "3. se termin\u0103 la nivel cortical pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", "4. are rela\u021bie cu coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori din mezencefal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Inerva\u021bia fusului neuromuscular este realizat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. dendrite ale neuronilor gamma din coarnele anterioare medulare ", "2. termina\u021bii axonice mielinizate de dou\u0103 tipuri: p rimare \u0219i secundare ", "3. axoni ai neuronilor din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", "4. dendrite apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unor neuroni pseudounipolari ganglionari " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Insulina:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza \u00een ficat \u0219i \u00een mu\u0219chi ", "2. inhib\u0103 proteoliza \u00een ficat \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 lipoliza \u00een \u021besutul adipos ", "3. blocheaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea glucozei \u00een celulele adipoase \u0219i musculare ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenogeneza \u00een celulele hepatice \u0219i musculare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nervul vestibulo -cohlear :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. p\u0103trunde \u00een trunchiul cerebral prin \u0219an\u021bul bulbo -pontin ", "2. prin ramura cohlear\u0103 se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nuclei senzitivi din punte ", "3. prin ramura vestibular\u0103 se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nuclei senzitivi bulbari ", "4. este un nerv senzorial \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu receptorii urechii medii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Axonii neuronilor senzitivi din coarnele posterioare medulare realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. protoneuronii din ganglionii spinali ", "2. neuronii de releu talamici de pe aceea\u0219i parte ", "3. deutoneuronii din nucleii gracilis \u0219i cuneat ", "4. cerebelul, prin dou\u0103 perechi de pedunculi cerebelo\u0219i " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. nervul optic \u0219i tractul optic con\u021bin axoni ai unor neuroni multipolari ", "2. axonii neuronilor cohleari sunt conecta\u021bi cu girusul temporal inferior ", "3. fasciculul vestibulonuclear este o cale colateral\u0103 a c\u0103ii vestibulare ", "4. axonii neuronilor bipolari olfactivi ajung la nivelul bulbului rahidian " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele reflexe se \u00eenchid \u00een trunchiul cerebral:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. salivator pentru glandele submandibular\u0103 \u0219i parotid\u0103 (\u00een bulb) ", "2. pupilodilatator (\u00een mezencefal) ", "3. de sudora\u021bie \u0219i de piloerec\u021bie (\u00een punte) ", "4. pentru vederea de aproape, cu acomodare (\u00een mezencefal) " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La conducerea informa\u021biilor tactile particip\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. fascicu lul spinobulbar care apare \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 \u0219i cervical\u0103 ", "2. fibre c u originea \u00een ganglionul spinal al r\u0103d\u0103cinii dorsale ", "3. fibre cu originea \u00een nuclei senzitivi ce apar\u021bin unui nerv cran ian mixt ", "4. fasciculul spinotalamic pozi\u021bionat \u00een cordoanele anterioare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene se realizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. de c\u0103tre adenohipofiz\u0103 prin tireostimulin\u0103 ", "2. prin mecanism de feed -back negativ hipotalamo -hipofizo -tiroidian ", "3. \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia sangu in\u0103 a tiroxinei ", "4. prin intermediul hipotalamusului mijlociu \u0219i al hipofizei posterioare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali (CGL) \u0219i mediali (CGM):", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. apar\u021bin etajului superior al trunchiului cerebral ", "2. reprezint\u0103 originea radia\u021biilor optice (CGL) ", "3. la nivelul lor \u00eencepe procesul de fuzionare a imaginilor (CGM) ", "4. sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu cortexul temporal (CGM) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii proprioceptive pentru extremitatea cefalic\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. protoneuron i reprezenta\u021bi de neuron i pseudounipolar i din ganglionul trigeminal ", "2. al doilea neuron situat \u00eentr-un nucle u senzitiv c e apar\u021bine nervului cranian V ", "3. al treilea neuron poate fi localizat \u00een talamus, av\u00e2nd proiec\u021bie cortical\u0103 ", "4. conduce informa\u021bii proprioceptive la cerebel sau la scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103, dup\u0103 caz " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonii ADH \u0219i aldosteron au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul tubilor contor\u021bi distali \u0219i colectori ", "2. au natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103, fiind sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol ", "3. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i la nivelul glandelor sudoripare \u0219i salivare ", "4. influen\u021beaz\u0103 ultrafiltrarea glomerular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. epinefrina, norepinefrina \u0219i vasopresina sunt neurosecre\u021bii (neurohormoni) ", "2. glucagonul \u0219i cortizolul liber stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza ", "3. LTH inhib\u0103 ac\u021biunea FSH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculilor ovarieni \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", "4. tiroxina ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai rapid \u0219i este mai activ\u0103 dec\u00e2t triiodotironina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nervul cranian VII:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. transmite sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 din partea anterioar\u0103 a corpului limbii ", "2. con\u021bine fibre visceromotorii pentru glanda lacrimal\u0103, c\u0103reia \u00eei stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia ", "3. face parte din calea eferent\u0103 a reflexului salivar pentru glanda parotid\u0103 ", "4. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii mimicii prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul motor din punte " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele principale ale paratiroidelor:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rile u rinare de fosfa\u021bi anorganici \u0219i de potasiu ", "2. activeaz\u0103 osteoblastele , stimul\u00e2nd osteogeneza la organismele tinere ", "3. stimuleaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 de calciu \u00een corela\u021bie cu vitamin D 3 ", "4. inhib\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia tubular\u0103 de calciu \u0219i de sodiu \u00een nefronul distal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Axul longitudinal al corpului:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103 la determinarea planului metameriei corpului ", "2. are ca limit\u0103 inferioar\u0103 diafragma perineal\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 un pol superior (caudal) \u0219i altul inferior (cranial) ", "4. este inclus \u00een planul simetriei bilaterale a corpului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Fasciculul spinocerebelos dorsal:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. intr\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duv\u0103 spin\u0103rii pe calea r\u0103d\u0103cinii posterioare a nervului spinal ", "2. con\u021bine axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai neuronilor senzitivi medulari ", "3. face sinaps\u0103 \u00een talamus cu al treilea neuron al c\u0103ii de conducere ", "4. este situat la periferia cordonulu i lateral, dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculul Gowers " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni au ac\u021biune asupra osului:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. PTH prin inhibarea osteoclastelor ", "2. estrogenii prin favorizarea depunerii calciului \u00een oase ", "3. STH prin intermediul somatostatinelor ", "4. CT prin fixarea calciului \u00een oase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Rinitele pot fi:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. cauzate de infec\u021bii virale \u0219i bacteriene ", "2. acute (corize) \u0219i cronice atrofice (ozene) ", "3. manifestate clinic prin rinoree \u0219i stare subfebril\u0103 ", "4. localizate la nivelul urechii externe sau medii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele insulare alfa are urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219te for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103, ca \u0219i tiroxina ", "2. intensific\u0103 glicoliza hepatic\u0103 \u0219i muscular\u0103 ", "3. produce hiperglicemie, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd sinergic cu cortizolul ", "4. inhib\u0103 lipaza din celulele adipoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Extractele de timus:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. influen\u021beaz\u0103 imunitatea nespecific\u0103 celular\u0103 ", "2. stimuleaz\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor \u00een perioada postpuberal\u0103 ", "3. au efecte de accelerare a diviziunilor celulare mitotice ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 mineralizarea osoas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "a. Corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni sunt receptori pentru sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 ", "b. Protoneuronul sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice pentru pielea fe\u021bei se afl\u0103 \u00een ganglionul spinal ", "c. Cilii auditivi vin \u00een contact sinaptic cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul spiral ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Depolarizarea celulelor gustative are la baz\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "a. Legarea substan\u021belor chimice de molecule lipidice receptoare ", "b. Deschiderea unor canale ionice ", "c. Apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de repaus prin activarea unei pompe ionice ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tiroxina:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "a. Produce mai repede iritabilitate \u0219i nelini\u0219te prin ac\u021biune l a nivelul creierului, dec\u00e2t T 3 ", "b. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 sinergic cu hormonii sexuali \u00een procesul de cre\u0219tere ", "c. Stimuleaz\u0103 metabolismul bazal la nivelul creierului , ca \u0219i tri iodotironina ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nucleii mijlocii ai hipotalamusului:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "a. Con\u021bin neuroni secretori ai c\u0103ror axoni str\u0103bat tija pituitar\u0103 spre hi pofiz\u0103 ", "b. Secret\u0103 prolactin\u0103 cu rol \u00een secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 ", "c. Con\u021bin neuroni care secret\u0103 ocitocin\u0103, hormon care favorizeaz\u0103 na\u0219terea ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii IX \u0219i X au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "a. Con\u021bin fibre postg anglionare ce apar\u021bin parasimpaticului cranian ", "b. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor visceromotorii la nivelul aceluia\u0219i nucleu bulbar ", "c. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi netezi de la nivelul faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului cranian produce:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "a. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoasei bron\u0219ice ", "b. Ac\u021biuni metabolice const\u00e2nd \u00een cre\u0219terea glicogenolizei hepatice ", "c. Stimularea motilit\u0103\u021bii colonului sigmoid \u0219i a rectului ", " " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de acomodare pentru vederea unor obiecte situate la o distan\u021b\u0103 mai mic\u0103 de 6 m:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "a. Mu\u0219chiul sfincter al irisului se relaxeaz\u0103 prin stimulare simpatic\u0103 ", "b. Fibrele lig amentului suspensor \u0219i cristaloida se tensioneaz\u0103, iar cristalinul se aplatizeaz\u0103 ", "c. Raza de curbur\u0103 \u0219i puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului cresc la valoarea maxim\u0103 ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hormonul luteinizant:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "a. Este un hormon trop care stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a gonadei masculine ", "b. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de progesteron a corpului galben \u00een perioada preovulatorie ", "c. Este stimulat de hormonul eliberator de gonadotropine \u0219i inhibat de un hormon pineal ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen hipersecre\u021bia tiroidian\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "a. Cre\u0219te consumul de alimente \u0219i \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103 greutatea corpului ", "b. Apare gu\u0219a exoftalmic\u0103 ca manifestare obligatorie ", "c. Apar tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor \u0219i se reduce secre\u021bia gla ndelor sudoripare ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "a. Cristalinul are o putere de convergen\u021b\u0103 de maxim 20 de dioptrii ", "b. \u00cen astigmatism exist\u0103 mai multe raze de curbur\u0103 ale coroidei sau cristalinului ", "c. \u00cen prezbiopie puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului scade ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii III \u0219i IV au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "a. Sunt nervi motori cu origini reale \u0219i aparente la nivelul mezencefalului ", "b. Asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi care se inser\u0103 pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 a coroidei ", "c. Inerveaz\u0103 \u0219i mu\u0219chi implica\u021bi \u00een varia\u021bia diametrului pupilar ", " " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bia afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre calea vestibula r\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "a. Protoneuronii sunt neuronii pseudounipolari din ganglionul vestibular Scarpa ", "b. Deutoneuronii se g\u0103sesc \u00een nucleii bulbari care reprezint\u0103 origine a unui fascicul cu rol \u00een controlul echilibrului static \u0219i dinamic ", "c. De la nucleii vestibulari porne\u0219te f asciculul vestibulonuclear spre nucleii nervilor optici ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre fusurile neuromusculare se poate face urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "a. Sunt receptori localiza\u021bi \u00een mu\u0219chi, tendo ane, articula\u021bii, periost \u0219i ligamente ", "b. Sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor cu origine \u00een cornul posterior medular ", "c. Inerva\u021bia motorie a por\u021biunilor contractile este asigurat\u0103 de motoneuronii \u03b1 din cornul anterior ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre localizarea gusturilor, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "a. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai intens gusturile dulce \u0219i s\u0103rat ", "b. Faringele percepe toate gusturile fundamentale ", "c. Bolta palatin\u0103 percepe mai slab gusturile amar \u0219i acid ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii VII \u0219i IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "a. Con\u021bin fibre senzoriale gustative, somatomotorii \u0219i preganglionare parasimpatice ", "b. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor visceromotorii \u00ee n acela\u0219i etaj al trunchiului cerebral ", "c. Au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor senzoriale \u00een nucleu solitar din bulbul rahidian ", " " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Calea eferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor se ca racterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "a. Fibre preganglionare cu origine \u00eentr-un nucleu vegetativ ata\u0219at nervului cranian II ", "b. Prezen\u021ba unui ganglion vegetativ cu localizare la nivelul irisului (intramural) ", "c. Sinapse neuron -neuron \u0219i neuron -fibr\u0103 muscular\u0103 neted\u0103 mediate de acetilc olin\u0103 ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pragul excitabilit\u0103\u021bii olfactive:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "a. Reprezint\u0103 cantitatea minim\u0103 de substan\u021b\u0103 inodor\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 provoace senza\u021bia de miros ", "b. Este acela\u0219i pentru substan\u021bele eterice, aromatice \u0219i balsamice ", "c. Este invers propor\u021bional cu acuitatea olfactiv\u0103 ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "a. Elaboreaz\u0103 senza\u021bia de v\u0103z pe ba za impulsurilor pe care le prime\u0219te prin fibrele tractului optic ", "b. Este localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a lobilor occipitali, \u00een centrul scizurii calcarine ", "c. Lezarea ei face imposibil\u0103 aprecierea luminozit\u0103\u021bii, formei \u0219i culorii obiectelor (afazie vizual\u0103) ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii I, II \u0219i VIII au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "a. Sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi din axoni i deutoneuronilor c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii pe care o conduc ", "b. Con\u021bin fibre senzoriale cu origine \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervului respectiv ", "c. Apar\u021bin sistemului nervos periferic ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "a. Protoneuronii sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een ganglionul de pe ramura dorsal\u0103 a nervului spinal ", "b. Axonul neuronului ganglionar face sinaps\u0103 \u00een cornul posterior de pe partea opus\u0103 ", "c. Axonii \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai deutoneuronilor medulari p\u0103trund \u00een cordonul anterior ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul sistemului digestiv, hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte, cu o excep\u021bie:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "a. Adrenalina relaxeaz\u0103 musculatura neted\u0103 a peretelui intestinului sub\u021bire ", "b. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea se cretorie la nivelul ficatului \u0219i stomacului ", "c. Tiroxina cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a glucozei, iar PTH pe cea a calciului ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fascicule le Flechsig \u0219i Gowers au urm\u0103toarea caracter istic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "a. Conduc informa\u021bii despre sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021biu ", "b. Sunt alc\u0103tuite din axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai unor neuroni din cornul posterior ", "c. Str\u0103bat \u00een \u00eentregime trunchiul cerebral, proiect\u00e2ndu -se \u00een cerebel ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Receptorii termici:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "a. Pentru cald sunt mai numero\u0219i dec\u00e2t cei pentru rece ", "b. Joac\u0103 rol de algoreceptori dac\u0103 sunt stimula\u021bi de temperaturile extreme ", "c. Pot fi termina\u021bii nervoase libere mielinizate \u0219i cu diametrul mic ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul articula\u021biei cotului:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "a. Sensibilitatea presional\u0103 este recep\u021bionat\u0103 de corpusculii Golgi ", "b. Pozi\u021bia este mon itorizat\u0103 de corpusculii Golgi -Mazzoni ", "c. Extensia antebra\u021bului este d eterminat\u0103 de un reflex polisinaptic ", " " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul oaselor, hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte, cu o excep\u021bie:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "a. Activitatea osteoclastelor este stimu lat\u0103 de PTH \u0219i inhibat\u0103 de calcitonin\u0103 ", "b. Unii hormoni stimuleaz\u0103 condrogeneza la nivelul cartilajelor metafizare ", "c. Cortizolul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een sens anabolizant asupra sintezei matricei organice ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre componentele SNV se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "a. Fibrele preganglionare simpatice pot face sinaps\u0103 cu un num\u0103r mare de neuroni postganglionari ", "b. Fibrele postganglionare simpatice elibereaz\u0103 numai noradrenalin\u0103 la sinapsa cu efectorul ", "c. Cei 3 ganglioni paravertebrali cervicali a sigur\u0103 prin fibre mielinice inerva\u021bia unor viscere din zona capului ", " " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul sistemului nervos, hormonii:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "a. Stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea celulelor cu rol \u00een mielinizarea axonilor (Schwann, Henle) ", "b. Pot modific a activitatea electric\u0103 a creierului, \u00een cazul unei secre\u021bii inadecvate ", "c. Stimuleaz\u0103 sistemul reticulat ascendent inhibitor (catecolaminele) ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre reflexele somatice medulare:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "a. Reflexul rotulian const\u0103 \u00een extensia coapsei pe bazin produs\u0103 de contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps ", "b. Centrii reflexelor bicipital \u0219i tricipital sunt polisinaptici, con\u021bin\u00e2nd neuroni: senzitiv, de asocia\u021bie \u0219i motor ", "c. Percu\u021bia tendonului lui Ahile provoac\u0103, pe cale reflex\u0103, contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului triceps sural ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Noradrenalina are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "a. Este secretat\u0103 exclusiv de neuronii medulosuprarenalieni ", "b. Cre\u0219te frecven\u021ba \u0219i for\u021ba de contrac\u021biea miocardului, ca \u0219i adrenalina ", "c. Este secretat\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een stresul emo\u021bional ", " " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia incorect\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "a. Inhibi\u021b ia de diferen\u021biere este specific\u0103 scoar\u021bei cerebrale \u0219i faciliteaz\u0103 procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", "b. Simpaticul \u0219i parasimpaticul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cooperant \u00een reglarea secre\u021biei salivare ", "c. Prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor din ganglionul geniculat ajung \u00een nucleul solitar ", " " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul aparatului excretor:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Cortizolul \u0219i ADH exercit\u0103 efec te similare (scad permeabilitatea tubilor renali pentru ap\u0103) ", "2. Aldosteronul stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia tubular\u0103 a protonilor \u0219i cre\u0219te aciditatea urinei ", "3. PTH stimuleaz\u0103 reabsorb\u021bia calciului \u0219i a fosfa\u021bilor, la nivelul nefronului distal ", "4. Cortizolul liber ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul membranei filt rante glomerulare, cresc\u00e2nd filtrarea " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hipotalamusul secret\u0103 neuro hormoni inhibitori pentru urm\u0103torii hormoni hipofizari:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Prolactin\u0103 ( LTH) ", "2. Melanocitostimulant (MSH) ", "3. Somatotrop (STH) ", "4. Ocitocin\u0103 (oxitocin\u0103) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei de acizi gra\u0219i liberi plasmatici este rezultatul ac\u021biunii hormonilor:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Glucocorticoizi ", "2. Somatotrop ", "3. Secreta\u021bi de zona medular\u0103 a glandei suprarenale ", "4. Insulin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Inerveaz\u0103 vegetativ glandele colonului sigmoid cu celule \u021bint\u0103 pentru aldosteron ", "2. Prime\u0219te fibre din ramura intern\u0103 a nervului spinal destinate mu\u0219chilor laringelui ", "3. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie fibrele preganglionare la efectorii vegetativi din zona capului ", "4. Con\u021bine fibre senzoriale cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 ce se ter min\u0103 \u00een nucleul solitar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt hormoni catabolizan\u021bi pe metabolismul proteinelor:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Cortizolul \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici ", "2. Hormonii tiroidieni \u00een doze mari ", "3. Corticotropina hipofizar\u0103, prin efecte indirecte ", "4. Hormonii glucocorticiozi \u00een ficat " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Stimulii tactili ajun g direct de la cornul posterior la talamus prin fasciculul:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Gracilis ", "2. Spinotalamic lateral ", "3. Gowers ", "4. Spinotalamic anterior " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt hormoni anab olizan\u021bi pe metabolismul lipidelor :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Hormon i secreta\u021bi de celulele foliculilor ovarieni \u00een timpul matur\u0103rii lor ", "2. Hormonul care exercit\u0103 majoritatea efectelor sale prin intermediul somatomedinelor ", "3. Hormonul secretat de circa 60 -70% din celulele insulelor Langerhans ", "4. Hormonii care pot determina modific\u0103ri senzoriale \u0219i ale EEG, \u00een caz de hiposecre\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglarea echilibrului Na+ \u0219i K+ intervin hormonii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. ACTH, indirect, prin stimularea \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 a secre\u021biei de hormoni mineralocorticoizi ", "2. STH, care asigur\u0103 reten\u021bia celor doi cationi ", "3. Aldosteronul, prin stimularea reabsorb\u021biei de Na+ \u0219i a secre\u021biei de K+ la nivelu l unor celule tubulare ", "4. PTH, prin sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor urinare de K+ \u0219i Ca2+ \u0219i cre\u0219terea elimin\u0103rilor de Na+ \u0219i fosfa\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nucleii bazali:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Sunt implica\u021bi \u00een reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor stereotipe \u0219i a mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de a nsamblu ", "2. Sunt nuclei de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103, situa\u021bi \u00een profunzimea emisferelor cerebrale ", "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la cortex \u0219i trimit eferen\u021be spre nuclei ai mezencefalului ", "4. Apar\u021bin sistemul ui extra piramidal, particip\u00e2nd la constituirea c\u0103ii motilit\u0103\u021bii voluntare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Nucleul dorsal al vagului asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia vegetativ\u0103 a viscerelor toraco -abdominale ", "2. Hipotalamusul con\u021bine centrii setei, foamei, vomei, tusei \u0219i str\u0103nutului ", "3. La nivelul scoar\u021bei cer ebrale se g\u0103sesc arii vegetative situate \u00een teritoriul prefrontal ", "4. \u00cen m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii s e g\u0103sesc centrii pupiloconstrictori, vasodilatatori , piloerectori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de prolactin\u0103 \u0219i de STH:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Este controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre nucleii mijlocii ai hipotalamusului ", "2. Este stimulat\u0103 de st\u0103rile de stres, somn, hipoglicemie ", "3. Este controlat\u0103 de doi neurohormoni, u nul stimulator, altul inhibitor ", "4. Este asigurat\u0103 de c\u0103tre o gland\u0103 cu localizare intracranian\u0103, pe chiasma optic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii splanhnici \u0219i nervii vagi prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Au \u00een alc\u0103tuire fibre vegetative preganglionare mielinice ", "2. Sunt nervi mic\u0219ti ce asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia unor organe toracice ", "3. Elibereaz\u0103 acela\u0219i mediator chimic la nivelul sinapselor ganglionare ", "4. Apar\u021bin SNV parasimpatic: cranian (nervii vagi) \u0219i sacrat (nervii splanhnici) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul aparatului cardiovascular, hormoni i exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021bi uni/efecte:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Unii hormoni , cu precursor secretat de celule foliculare, produc vasodilata\u021bie ", "2. Norepinefrina \u0219i epinefrina scad presiunea arterial\u0103 sistemic\u0103 ", "3. Neurohormonii secreta\u021bi de zona central\u0103 a suprarenalei cresc excitabilitat ea miocardului ", "4. Tiroxina \u0219i triiodotironina produc vasoconstric\u021bie pe vasele hepatice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cordoanele laterale se g\u0103sesc:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Fibrele sistemului piramidal care au format la nivel bulbar decusa\u021bia piramidal\u0103 ", "2. 75% din fibrele corticospinale \u0219i fibre piramida le cu originea \u00een nucleul ro\u0219u ", "3. Axoni direc\u021bi \u0219i \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai unor neuroni senzitivi medulari ", "4. Axonii unor neuroni pseudounipolari cu localizare extranevraxial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ramura ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Axoni ai neuronilor dispozitivului somatomotor din coarnele anterioare ", "2. Dendri te lungi ale unor neuroni senzitivi din coarnele posterioare ", "3. Axoni amielinici apar\u021bin\u00e2nd celui de -al doilea neuron al eferen\u021bei vegetative ", "4. Axoni ai unor neuroni efectori cu distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 \u00een regiunea cervic al\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hormonii tiroidieni exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Activeaz\u0103 anabolismul proteinelor plasmatice \u0219i musculare ", "2. Cresc excre\u021bia de azot, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i sens cu hormonii glucocorticoizi ", "3. Inhib\u0103 mecanismele hepatice care degradeaz\u0103 colesterol ul plasmatic ", "4. Intensific\u0103 catabolismul tisular al glucozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Informa\u021biile proprioceptive :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. pot fi conduse de fasciculele Goll \u0219i B urdach spre bulb \u0219i de lemniscul medial spre talamus ", "2. provenite de la nive lul fusurilor neuromusculare stau la baza regl\u0103rii ton usului muscular ", "3. pot fi co nduse de fasciculele Flechsig \u0219i Gowers p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul cerebelului ", "4. de la nivelul mu\u0219chilor masticatori sunt conduse prin fibre senzitive ale nervilor trigemeni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Axonul neuronilor senzitivi din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Neuronii din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a coarnelor posterioare ", "2. Deutoneuronii bulbari ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile grosiere ", "3. Protoneuronii din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "4. Dendritele neuronilor motori din coarnele anterioare medulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre fasciculele extrapiramidale se poate face urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Fasciculul rubrospinal este situat profund, \u00een vecin\u0103tatea substan\u021bei cenu\u0219ii, la nivelul ", "2. Fasciculul tectospinal conduce impulsuri prin care sunt coordonate reflexel e posturale de r\u0103spuns la stimuli auditivi \u0219i vizuali ", "3. Fasciculul vestibulospinal are origine \u00een nuclei care con\u021bin \u0219i protoneuronii unei sensibilit\u0103\u021bi conduse de nervul VIII ", "4. Fasciculul reticulospinal face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni medulari ai c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina anterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Prelungirea celulipet\u0103 a celulelor olfactive se termin\u0103 cu o dilata\u021bie prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu cili ", "2. Celulele bulbului olfactiv trimit impulsuri \u00een paleocortex pe calea perechii I de nervi cranieni ", "3. Prelungirile celulifuge ale celulelor olfactive particip\u0103 la sinapse interneuronale \u00een bulbul olfactiv ", "4. Celulele mitrale formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul bulbului se pot \u00eent\u00e2lni:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Axoni ai deutoneuronilor c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor specifice ", "2. Lemniscul medial cu ori gine \u00een nuclei senzitivi pontini ", "3. Axoni ai protoneuronilor c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice ", "4. Prelungiri periferice ale unor neuroni din ganglionii spinali " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Procesul d e fuziune a imaginilor \u00eencepe de la nivelul corpilor genicula\u021bi laterali ", "2. Sensibilitatea unui celule cu bastona\u0219 la \u00eentuneric este de 10 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t la lumin\u0103 ", "3. Acomodarea se datoreaz\u0103 elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului, aparatului suspensor \u0219i mu\u0219chiului cil iar ", "4. Fibre din tractul optic ajung la coliculul cvadrigemen inferior din mezencefal " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Senza\u021biile gustative primare sunt produse de substan\u021be diferite. Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Gustul s\u0103rat este produs de s\u0103ruri ionizabile ", "2. Gustul acru este produs d e substan\u021be acide ", "3. Gustul amar poate fi produs de alcaloizi ", "4. Gustul dulce este produs numai de zaharuri " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bia afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre SNV simpatic:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Fibrele simpatice ale extremit\u0103\u021bii cefalice merg pe calea nervului cranian X ", "2. Fibrele preganglionare simpatice determin\u0103 eliberarea de adrenalin\u0103 din medulosuprarenal\u0103 ", "3. Fibrele postganglionare simpatice elibereaz\u0103 exclusiv noradrenalin\u0103 ", "4. Componenta simpatic\u0103 activeaz\u0103 organismul pentru lupt\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103rare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ac\u021biunea unui stimul asupra unei celu le epiteliale senzoriale determin\u0103:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Modific\u0103ri ale poten\u021bialului membranar \u0219i instalarea unui poten\u021bial receptor ", "2. Cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranei pentru anumi\u021bi ioni, urmat\u0103 de depolarizare ", "3. Generarea unor poten\u021biale care nu respect\u0103 legea \u201dtot sau nimic \u201d ", "4. \u00cenchiderea canalelor pentru Na+ \u00een cazul ac\u021biunii un ui stimul supraliminar nespecific " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos parasimpatic determin\u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Mioz\u0103 prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter pupilar ", "2. Contrac\u021bia splinei, glicogenoliz\u0103 hepatic\u0103 \u0219i secre\u021bie sudori par\u0103 localizat\u0103 ", "3. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei exocrine a pancreasului ", "4. Secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 apoas\u0103, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een sens cooperant cu componenta simpatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Perechea a V -a de nervi cranieni:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 a fibre lor senzitive \u00een nucleul Gasser din trunchiul cer ebral ", "2. Conduce, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, informa\u021bii dureroase de la nivelul mucoase i olfactive ", "3. Con\u021bine pe traseu un ganglionul trigeminal cu neuroni bipolari senzitivi ", "4. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie o parte din fibrele motorii la mu\u0219chii tensori ai timpanului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "TSH \u0219i ACTH:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia unor glande endocrine periferice ", "2. Se secret\u0103 \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een condi\u021bii de stres ", "3. Au secre\u021bia controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre hipotalamus prin neurohormoni eliberatori ", "4. Provin din aceea\u0219i molecul\u0103 prin clivaj enzimatic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Celule cu rol de sus\u021bine re se g\u0103sesc la nivelul:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Organului receptor localizat pe membrana bazilar\u0103 ", "2. Maculei utriculare ", "3. Epiteliului columnar al mucoasei olfactive ", "4. Retinei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Este controlat\u0103 de c\u0103tre un hormon trop , \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia sanguin\u0103 a tiroxinei ", "2. Presupune interven\u021bia hipotalamusului, care elibereaz\u0103 TRH, \u00een condi\u021bii de stres ", "3. Depinde de integritatea anatomofunc\u021bional\u0103 a axului hipotalamo -hipofizo -tiroidian ", "4. Se realizeaz\u0103 exclusiv pe cale nervoas\u0103, prin mecanisme de feedback III. PROBLEME: Pentru problemele / situa\u0163iile problem\u0103 numerotate de la 61 \u2013 70, alege un singur r\u0103spuns din variante le propuse. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre axele corpului omenesc se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Axul l\u0103\u0163imii este orizontal \u0219i are un pol latera l \u015fi altul medial ", "B. Axul sagital particip\u0103 la delimitarea planului m etameriei corpului ", "C. Axul lungimii are un pol superior (caudal) \u0219i un pol inferior (cranial) ", "D. Axul longitudinal \u015fi cel al grosimii delimiteaz\u0103 un plan paralel cu fruntea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Distribu\u021bia inegal\u0103 a ionilor, pe cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be al e membranei unui neuron \u00een repaus, se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Deplas\u0103rii ionilor cu consum de energie, rezulta t\u0103 din hidroliza ADP ", "B. Permeabilit\u0103\u021bii mai crescute a membranei pentru ionii de Na + dec\u00e2t pentru cei de K + ", "C. Mecanismului de transport activ ce asigur\u0103 influ xul de K + \u0219i efluxul de Na + ", "D. Permeabilit\u0103\u021bii selective a membranei ce asigur\u0103 o predominan\u021b\u0103 de anioni \u00een exteriorul celulei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Are o valoare u\u0219or pozitiv\u0103 \u00een celulele muscular e din antrul piloric ", "B. Manifest\u0103 dou\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi speciale: suma\u021bia tem poral\u0103 \u0219i suma\u021bia spa\u021bial\u0103 ", "C. Are o durat\u0103 mai mare pentru neuron dec\u00e2t pentru fibra ventricular\u0103 ", "D. Se propag\u0103 saltatoriu \u00een fibrele nervilor splanh nici \u0219i pelvici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fibre simpatice cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Conduc impulsuri care determin\u0103 inhibarea secre\u021b iei de suc pancreatic ", "B. Intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea marelui \u0219i micului nerv spla nhnic ", "C. Se distribuie c\u0103tre o gland\u0103 care con\u021bine celule nervoase lipsite de prelungiri ", "D. Sunt scurte, colinergice \u0219i au ca destina\u021bie org anele din pelvis " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Func\u021bionarea general\u0103 a unei sinapse chimice presup une:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Stocarea noradrenalinei \u00een vezicule derivate din me mbrana presinaptic\u0103 ", "B. Eliberarea mediatorului \u00een cuante \u00een fanta sinaptic \u0103, sub ac\u021biunea impulsului nervos ", "C. Cuplarea temporar\u0103 a acetilcolinei cu receptori nes pecifici din fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", "D. Inactivarea mediatorului de c\u0103tre enzime din citopl asma componentei postsinaptice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Stimularea nervilor visceromotori cu origine \u00een seg mentele medulare T 10 -T12 are ca efect:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Stimularea secre\u021biei medulosuprarenalei ", "B. Cre\u0219terea motilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul jejuno-ileonulu i ", "C. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor sudoripare ", "D. Vasodilata\u021bia arteriolelor din tegument " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Stimularea sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic det ermin\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Contrac\u021bia musculaturii netede bron\u0219ice ", "B. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor salivare, lacrimal e \u0219i muco-nazale ", "C. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", "D. Acomodarea pentru vederea obiectelor situate \u00eent re 6 m \u0219i 25 cm de ochi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Stimularea parasimpaticului cranian NU determin\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Sc\u0103derea frecven\u021bei poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune miocar dice ", "B. Vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale \u0219i sal ivare ", "C. Stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase de la nivelu l bronhiilor ", "D. Dilatarea lumenului bronhiolelor prin relaxarea mus culaturii netede " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Despre aria vizual\u0103 primar\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Este conectat\u0103 direct cu corpul geniculat latera l ", "B. La nivelul ei se realizeaz\u0103 senza\u021bia \u0219i recep\u021bia vizual\u0103 ", "C. Este localizat\u0103 la nivelul lobului occipital (c\u00e2 mpurile 41,42) ", "D. Distrugerea ei face imposibil\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea semni fica\u021biei cuvintelor citite " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La nivelul c\u0103ii optice se desprind colaterale care ajung direct sau indirect la:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Celulele secretoare de melanin\u0103 din glanda pinea l\u0103 ", "B. Coliculii inferiori, centri ai reflexului de ori entare vizual\u0103 ", "C. Centrii hipotalamici implica\u0163i \u00een reglarea ritmu lui nictemeral ", "D. Centrii metatalamici care regleaz\u0103 diametrul pup ilar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul trecerii de la lumin\u0103 la \u00eentuneric \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2 nerii \u00een \u00eentuneric :", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Are loc conversia vitaminei A \u00een opsine ", "B. Cre\u0219te lent cantitatea de rodopsin\u0103 ", "C. Scade progresiv sensibilitatea bastona\u0219elor ", "D. Se modific\u0103 reflex diametrul pupilar (mioz\u0103) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Celulele nucleilor cohleari pontini realizeaz\u0103 sina pse directe cu:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Dendritele protoneuronilor care se distribuie ce lulelor auditive ", "B. Neuroni din coliculii inferiori ai c\u0103ror axoni f ormeaz\u0103 lemniscul lateral ", "C. Axonii neuronilor din ganglionul spiral localiza t \u00een columel\u0103 ", "D. Aria auditiv\u0103 primar\u0103 din profunzimea scizurii S ylvius " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Bulbul olfactiv con\u021bine:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Celule epiteliale senzoriale ale c\u0103ror prelungir i alc\u0103tuiesc tractul olfactiv ", "B. Neuroni multipolari ai c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 pere chea I de nervi cranieni ", "C. Celule granulare care stimuleaz\u0103 celulele cu rol de deutoneuroni ", "D. Glomeruli ce reprezint\u0103 punctul terminal pentru axonii unor celule bipolare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la caracteri sticile unor analizatori:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Membrana bazilar\u0103 rezoneaz\u0103 cu sunete de frecven \u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 \u00een apropierea v\u00e2rfului cohleei ", "B. Celula senzorial\u0103 vestibular\u0103 din macula utricul ar\u0103 prezint\u0103 numero\u0219i kinocili \u0219i stereocili ", "C. Lumina traverseaz\u0103 straturile neuronilor multi- \u0219i bipolari retinieni \u00een drumul ei spre fotorecepto ri ", "D. \u00cen depresiunea central\u0103 a maculei lutea se reali zeaz\u0103 o ampl\u0103 convergen\u021b\u0103 a impulsurilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 de la nivelul trunchiului \u0219i membrelor:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Are ca receptori specifici corpusculii Ruffini c are detecteaz\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 ", "B. Este condus\u0103 prin dou\u0103 perechi de fascicule cu l ungimi diferite ", "C. Utilizeaz\u0103 calea cordoanelor posterioare \u00eempreun \u0103 cu sensibilitatea de reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "D. Se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een lobul parietal, prin fibre lem niscale cu origine \u00een coarnele posterioare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia incorect\u0103 cu privire la cara cteristicile reflexelor \u00eenn\u0103scute:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Au arcuri reflexe preformate \u0219i centri nervo\u0219i subc orticali ", "B. Pot fi somatice (convergen\u021ba axelor oculare), veget ative (oculocefalogir) ", "C. Sunt invariabile, independente de experien\u021bele pers onale ", "D. Pot fi simple (clipit, str\u0103nut, tuse) sau complexe (lan\u021buri de reflexe) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Prin axonii neuronilor din nucleul supraoptic se re alizeaz\u0103 transportul hormonului:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Eliberator de tireotropin\u0103, care controleaz\u0103 sec re\u021bia adenohipofizar\u0103 de TSH ", "B. Ocitocin\u0103, care este un inhibitor al activit\u0103\u021bii gonadotrope ", "C. Corticotropin\u0103, care exercit\u0103 efecte indirecte \u0219 i reduse asupra secre\u021biei de aldosteron ", "D. Antidiuretic, care cre\u0219te presiunea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een doze nefiziologice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La nivel hepatic:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Cortizolul favorizeaz\u0103 procesele catabolice prot eice ", "B. Adrenalina inhib\u0103 depolimerizarea glicogenului ", "C. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 ", "D. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 depolimerizarea glicogenului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia zonei centrale a glandei suprarenale este:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Controlat\u0103 exclusiv pe cale umoral\u0103 ", "B. Controlat\u0103 printr-un mecanism care presupune int egritatea nervilor vagi ", "C. Reglat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de nivelul catecolaminelor di n s\u00e2nge ", "D. Stimulat\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de hipoglicemie, expunere la frig, efort fizic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Reglarea secre\u021biei tiroidiene se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Intermediul unui hormon trop care stimuleaz\u0103 sin teza \u0219i secre\u021bia de calcitonin\u0103 ", "B. Mecanism nervos prin care sunt stimulate desc\u0103rc \u0103rile de TRH, \u00een caz de stres ", "C. Nivelul tireoglobulinei, eliberat\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge prin interven\u021bia TSH-ului ", "D. Mecanisme de feed-back negativ epitalamo-hipofiz o-tiroidian " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Despre corpii cetonici se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Se sintetizeaz\u0103 sub influen\u0163a insulinei \u0219i a STH -ului ", "B. Sinteza lor este inhibat\u0103 de hormonul secretat d e celulele insulare \u03b1 ", "C. Se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een exces \u00een hiposecre\u021bia celulel or \u03b2 pancreatice ", "D. Furnizez\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 reac\u0163iilor catabolice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la ac\u021biunile / efectele unor hormoni:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Calcitonina \u2013 inhib\u0103 activitatea osteogenetic\u0103 a osteocitelor ", "B. Hormonii gonadali \u2013 favorizeaz\u0103 depunerea calciu lui \u00een oase ", "C. Parathormonul \u2013 scade absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a ca lciului, prin efect indirect ", "D. Glucocorticoizii \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza matricei p roteice osoase " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Insulina:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Activeaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivelul celulei hepat ice \u0219i musculare ", "B. Diminueaz\u0103 rata gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u00ee n ficat ", "C. Stimuleaz\u0103 trecerea glucozei din celule \u00een lichi dul interstitial ", "D. Are efect stimulator asupra sintezei de glucoz\u0103 la nivel hepatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "STH-ul:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Scade elimin\u0103rile urinare de Na +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , O 2-, S 2- ", "B. Stimuleaz\u0103 osteogeneza, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd la nivelul car tilajelor metafizare ", "C. \u00ce\u0219i exercit\u0103 efectele prin intermediul unor fact ori de inhibare a cre\u0219terii ", "D. Stimuleaz\u0103 lipoliza \u0219i sinteza de corpi cetonici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La femeie, LH controleaz\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Ovogeneza \u0219i apari\u021bia corpului alb ", "B. Activitatea endocrin\u0103 a corpului galben ", "C. Cre\u0219terea \u0219i maturarea foliculului ovarian ", "D. Activitatea secretorie a celulelor Leydig " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele boli sunt cauzate de hiposecre\u0163ii gland ulare:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Boala Addison \u015fi boala Recklinghausen ", "B. Diabetul insipid \u015fi boala Conn ", "C. Ca\u015fexia hipofizar\u0103 \u015fi tetania paratiroidian\u0103 ", "D. Mixedemul \u015fi sindromul androgenital " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Expresia clinic\u0103 a insuficien\u021bei corticosuprarenali ene cronice include:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. G\u00e2t \u00eengro\u0219at \u0219i abdomen destins, voluminos ", "B. \u00cennegrirea p\u0103rului, pigmentarea pielii, vitiligo ", "C. \u00cengro\u0219area membrelor prin depunere de \u021besut adip os ", "D. Formarea unui panicul adipos interscapular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de ADH este inhibat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Alcool, prin ac\u021biune direct\u0103 ", "B. Sc\u0103derea volumului sanguin ", "C. Durerea puternic\u0103 ", "D. Sc\u0103derea presiunii arteriale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Efectul hiperglicemiant al tiroxinei se produce pri n stimularea:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Transform\u0103rii glucozei \u00een compu\u0219i neglucidici, p rin gluconeogenez\u0103 ", "B. Absorb\u021biei intestinale a glicogenului ", "C. Catabolismului glicogenului \u00een ficat ", "D. Oxid\u0103rii glucozei \u00een celulele corpului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Ac\u021biunile / efectele aldosteronului constau \u00een:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Stimularea elimin\u0103rii excesului de ap\u0103 ", "B. Sc\u0103derea volemiei \u0219i a presiunii sangvine ", "C. Stimularea elimin\u0103rilor de K + c\u00e2nd pH-ul s\u00e2ngelui scade ", "D. Sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de Na + din saliv\u0103 \u0219i sudoare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune al neuronului:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Are amplitudinea propor\u021bional\u0103 cu intensitatea s timulului (r\u0103spuns gradat) ", "2. Are o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 care corespunde difuziun ii K+ prin canale speciale ", "3. Se autopropag\u0103 de-a lungul axolemei, cu diminuar ea amplitudinii sale ", "4. Are o pant\u0103 ascendent\u0103 care face parte din perio ada refractar\u0103 absolut\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Despre reflexe se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Reflexul cornean de clipire \u2013 poate fi abolit \u00een cazul unor leziuni ale nervului trigemen ", "2. Reflexul rotulian - este somatic proprioceptiv \u0219 i reglat de centri medulari lombari ", "3. Reflexul olfactivo-somatic - se \u00eenchide \u00een nucle i ce apar\u021bin unei forma\u021biuni diencefalice ", "4. Reflexul de mic\u021biune \u2013 este vegetativ \u0219i are cen trii \u00een m\u0103duva toracolombar\u0103 (T 6-L2) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Din componen\u021ba arcului reflex miotatic fac parte:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Receptori musculari, care detecteaz\u0103 modific\u0103ril e lungimii mu\u0219chiului ", "2. Calea aferent\u0103, care con\u021bine fibre senzitive mie linice, primare \u0219i secundare ", "3. Calea eferent\u0103, ai c\u0103rei axoni formeaz\u0103 pl\u0103ci mo torii la nivelul efectorului ", "4. Efectorul, capabil s\u0103 transforme energia chimic\u0103 \u00een energie mecanic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Substratul anatomic al reflexului lacrimal cuprinde :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Prelungiri celulipete din ramura trigeminal\u0103 oft almic\u0103 ", "2. Fibre senzitive din ramura maxilar\u0103 a nervului cranian V ", "3. Prelungiri celulifuge din nervul VII care ajung \u00eentr-un ganglion juxtavisceral ", "4. Fibre somatice ce apar\u021bin nervului facial " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Despre reflexele medulare se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Reflexul nociceptiv - are centrii nervo\u0219i polisi naptici, incluz\u00e2nd \u0219i neuroni intercalari ", "2. Reflexul care produce extensia gambei pe coaps\u0103 - are centrul la nivelul unei sinapse interneuronal e ", "3. Reflexul cardioaccelerator - are centrii nervo\u0219i localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele laterale T 3-T5 ", "4. Reflexul care produce piloerec\u021bie - are centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele anterioare T 1-L2 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Glaucomul :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Presupune o drenare insuficient\u0103 a umorii apoase prin sistemul arterial ocular ", "2. Este cauzat de atrofia tractului optic ca urmare a unei infec\u021bii ", "3. Determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea tensiunii intraoculare \u0219i a c\u00e2mpului vizual ", "4. Afecteaz\u0103 prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor ganglionari retinieni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 cu privire la nervii cr anieni:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Unii nervi senzoriali au fibrele reprezentate de axoni ai protoneuronilor ", "2. Perechile de nervi VII, IX \u0219i X includ \u0219i fibre viscerosenzitive ", "3. \u00cen regiunea frontal\u0103 se distribuie ramuri ce apa r\u021bin a dou\u0103 perechi de nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti ", "4. Nervul X prime\u0219te fibre din ramura extern\u0103 a ner vului accesor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Sunt nervi mic\u015fti, con\u0163in\u00e2nd dou\u0103 ramuri senzitive \u015fi una motorie ", "2. Conduc sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 pentru mu\u015fchii masticatori ", "3. Inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv, prin ramura maxilar\u0103, glanda sa livar\u0103 sublingual\u0103 ", "4. Conduc impulsuri motorii c\u0103tre mu\u015fchii tensori ai t impanului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni VII \u015fi IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele c aracteristici:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Includ \u00een alc\u0103tuirea lor \u0219i prelungiri ale unor neuroni ganglionari ", "2. Conduc informa\u0163ii pentru formarea de senza\u0163ii \u00een girusului postcentral ", "3. Inerveaz\u0103 grupe de mu\u015fchi stria\u0163i de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u0163ii cefalice ", "4. Con\u021bin fibre visceromotorii care se termin\u0103 \u00een g anglioni intramurali " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor voluntare fine, cerebelul in tervine prin:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Elaborarea planului mi\u0219c\u0103rii prev\u0103zute pentru a fi executat\u0103 ", "2. Compararea comenzii centrale cu modul \u00een care ac easta este executat\u0103 ", "3. Desc\u0103rcarea direct\u0103 de impulsuri prin calea pira midal\u0103, produc\u00e2nd contrac\u021bii ", "4. Corectarea planului mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu i nforma\u021biile primite de la receptori " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie de la baza emisferelor cerebrale:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Determin\u0103 reparti\u021bia adecvat\u0103 a tonusului la niv elul musculaturii active ", "2. Moduleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile automate \u0219i semiautomate ", "3. Sunt implica\u021bi \u00een circuitul neuronal \u201dcortico-st rio-talamo-cortical\u201d ", "4. Exercit\u0103 o ac\u021biune stimulatoare asupra tonusului muscular " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "De la nucleii vestibulari pornesc fibre spre:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Nucleii somatomotori a trei perechi de nervi cra nieni motori ", "2. Arhicerebel, prin pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i inferior i ", "3. Neuronii dispozitivului somatomotor medular ", "4. Girusul temporal superior din vecin\u0103tarea ariei acustice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen asigurarea inerva\u021biei inimii intervin:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a coarnelor laterale toracale ", "2. Fibre postganglionare adrenergice \u0219i colinergice ", "3. Ganglionii cervicali ai lan\u021bului laterovertebral ", "4. Nucleul dorsal al vagului din bulbul rahidian " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Parametrii func\u021bionali ai inimii sunt influen\u021ba\u021bi d e urm\u0103torii hormoni:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Tiroxin\u0103 \u0219i glucagon, care cresc frecven\u021ba cardi ac\u0103 ", "2. Norepinefrin\u0103, care are un efect discret cardioa ccelerator ", "3. Acetilcolin\u0103, care scade for\u021ba de contrac\u021bie mio cardic\u0103 ", "4. Adrenalin\u0103, care este utilizat\u0103 ca stimulant car diac \u00een practica medical\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru durere:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Se g\u0103sesc \u00een epiderm, \u00een cornee \u0219i \u00een capsula a rticular\u0103 ", "2. Sunt stimula\u0163i de substan\u0163e chimice eliberate de celulele lezate ", "3. Se adapteaz\u0103 pu\u0163in sau deloc \u00een prezen\u0163a stimulu lui ", "4. Sunt, \u00een general, termina\u021bii nervoase libere " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Receptorii maculari:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Particip\u0103 la detectarea accelera\u021biei \u00een cadrul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie ale capului ", "2. Sunt sensibili la \u00eenclin\u0103ri ale capului \u00een cazul \u00eencetinirii mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "3. Se activeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea membranei otolitice de c\u0103tre endolimf\u0103 ", "4. Stau la baza reflexelor de redresare \u0219i a celor statokinetice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fusurile neuromusculare:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Reprezint\u0103 receptori specifici pentru reflexele nociceptive medulare ", "2. Primesc impulsuri de la unii motoneuroni prin in termediul unor sinapse chimice ", "3. Se adapteaz\u0103 datorit\u0103 ac\u021biunii permanente a for\u021b ei de gravita\u021bie ", "4. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pentru reglarea lungimii mu\u0219chiului s triat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Organele tendinoase Golgi:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Sunt excitate de \u00eentinderea puternic\u0103 a tendonul ui ", "2. Sunt alc\u0103tuite din 1-3 fibre nervoase butonate, \u00eenconjurate de o capsul\u0103 conjunctiv\u0103 ", "3. Deservesc reflexul de inhibare a contrac\u021biei mus culare ", "4. Con\u021bin fibre care \u00ee\u0219i pierd mielina c\u00e2nd se apli c\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba fibrelor tendinoase " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La nivelul organului Corti:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. celulele senzoriale sunt dispuse pe 3-4 \u0219iruri s pre columel\u0103 ", "2. celulele de sus\u021binere delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti ", "3. celulele receptoare au cili rigizi ce traverseaz \u0103 membrana tectoria ", "4. tunelul Corti este traversat de dendrite ale pro toneuronilor ganglionari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cu privire la fiziologia analizatorului auditiv sun t adev\u0103rate afirma\u021biile:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Hiperpolariz\u0103rile celulelor auditive scad frecve n\u021ba poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune \u00een nervii cohleari ", "2. Impulsurile de la o ureche intern\u0103 se trasmit pr in c\u0103i bilaterale, cu predominan\u021ba transmiterii contralaterale ", "3. Excita\u021biile sonore cu frecven\u021be diferite se tran smit prin \u201dfibre izolate\u201d c\u0103tre cortexul auditiv ", "4. Impulsurile auditive se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een cortexul temporal, pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Controlul secre\u021biei de melatonin\u0103:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Este dependent de integritatea anatomic\u0103 a inerv a\u021biei parasimpatice a epifizei ", "2. Implic\u0103 fibre simpatice postganglionare din gang lionul cervical superior ", "3. Presupune conducerea de impulsuri motorii prin t ractul retinohipotalamic ", "4. Implic\u0103 conexiuni \u00eentre centrii hipotalamici \u0219i segmentele medulare T 1-T3 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen vasele sistemului descris de Grigore T. Popa \u0219i Unna Fielding:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Circul\u0103 s\u00e2nge cu neurosecre\u021bii spre lobul poster ior hipofizar ", "2. Se g\u0103sesc hormoni stimulatori \u0219i inhibitori ai s ecre\u021biei de ACTH ", "3. Circul\u0103 ocitocina \u0219i vasopresina spre locul de d epozitare ", "4. Este eliberat\u0103 secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a nucleilor hi potalamici mijlocii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. \u00cen hipoglicemie cre\u0219te secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b2 insu lare ", "2. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 p\u0103trunderea glucozei \u00een celu le cu nuclei periferici ", "3. \u00cen hiperglicemie cre\u0219te secre\u021bia celulelor \u03b1 ins ulare ", "4. Glucagonul stimuleaz\u0103 glicogenoliza la nivelul u nor celule binucleate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi ac\u021biunile / efectele exercitate de unii h ormoni \u00een cazul hipersecre\u021biei lor:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. ADH \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul intestinal ", "2. Vasopresina \u2013 provoac\u0103 hiperglicemie ", "3. Aldosteronul \u2013 determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl - ", "4. Insulina \u2013 provoac\u0103 hipoglicemie sever\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia celulelor care reprezint\u0103 20% din pancreas ul endocrin:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Inhib\u0103 unele secre\u021bii digestive (gastric\u0103, bilia r\u0103) ", "2. Stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza din aminoacizi ", "3. Scade sinteza de corpi cetonici ", "4. Activeaz\u0103 enzima care intensific\u0103 lipoliza \u00een \u021be sutul adipos " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Tireoglobulina:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Este o protein\u0103 cu molecul\u0103 mare secretat\u0103 de ce lule speciale \u201dC\u201d ", "2. Difuzeaz\u0103 din coloid \u00een s\u00e2nge, sub influen\u021ba TSH -ului ", "3. Exercit\u0103 efecte hiperglicemiante \u0219i hipocolester olemiante ", "4. Are \u00een alc\u0103tuirea ei molecule de tirozin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Hormonii timici:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Sunt reprezenta\u021bi de numeroase peptide secretate de celulele epiteliale timice ", "2. Pot determina, \u00een hiposecre\u021bie, infec\u021bii, inflam a\u021bii, sl\u0103biciune ", "3. Regleaz\u0103 maturarea limfocitelor T ", "4. Intervin \u00een ap\u0103rarea fa\u021b\u0103 de infec\u021bii cu evolu\u021bi e lent\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Epinefrina:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Dilat\u0103 vasele coronare, pulmonare \u0219i cutanate ", "2. Are acela\u0219i efect asupra glicogenului hepatic ca \u0219i glucagonul ", "3. Inhib\u0103 mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din depozite ", "4. Este secretat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba stimul\u0103rii nervului splanhnic mare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "ACTH \u0219i MSH au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Provin din acela\u0219i precursor, prin clivaj enzima tic ", "2. Sunt secreta\u021bi de lobul care reprezint\u0103 75% din masa hipofizei ", "3. Au secre\u021bia reglat\u0103 de nucleii mijlocii ai hipot alamusului ", "4. Provoac\u0103 depigmentarea pielii c\u00e2nd se secret\u0103 \u00een doze mari " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Acromegalia se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Modificarea fizionomiei prin \u00eengro\u0219area nasului \u0219i buzelor ", "2. Sl\u0103birea musculaturii \u0219i dureri articulare ", "3. Cre\u0219terea dimensiunii m\u00e2inilor, degetelor \u0219i sen za\u021bie de furnicare ", "4. Scurtarea ciclului menstrual la femeie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Axul sagital:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Este orizontal, prezent\u00e2nd un pol medial \u0219i altul lateral ", "B. Corespunde l\u0103\u021bimii corpului ", "C. \u00cemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi: anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posterioar\u0103 ", "D. Este inclus \u00een planul metameriei corpului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de ac\u021biune prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Amplitudine propor\u021bional\u0103 cu intensitatea stimulului aplicat ", "B. Vitez\u0103 de propagare diferit\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de diametru \u0219i grad ul de mielinizare al axonului ", "C. Valoare maxim\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 \u00een fibrele musculare de la nivelul antrului gastric ", "D. Proprietatea de sumare spa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i temporal\u0103 \u0219i de propagare prin fluxuri circulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fasciculele care deservesc sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Pot conduce impulsuri nervoase determinate de stimularea corpusculilor Ruffini ", "B. Au neuronul de origine numai \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 \u0219i a trunchiului cerebral ", "C. Sunt situate \u00een cordoanele posterioare \u0219i laterale, \u00eentotdeauna de partea opus\u0103 originii lor ", "D. Conduc impulsuri care se pot proiecta \u00een a ria somestezic\u0103 I din neocerebel " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la n ervii cranieni:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Fibre o ftalmic e \u2013 transmit informa\u021bii somestezice de la nivelul unor componente ale globului ocular ", "B. Oculomotor \u2013 face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului pupiloconstrictor ", "C. Facial \u2013 inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv \u0219i motor o parte din musculatura striat\u0103 a fe\u021bei ", "D. Pneumogastric \u2013 inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a zonei centrale a suprarenalei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre nervii cranieni este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Nervii VII, IX \u0219i X \u00ee\u0219i distribuie fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul solitar c\u0103tre limb\u0103 ", "B. Fibre ale nervului XI iau calea nervului IX spre efectori viscerali de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", "C. Nervii IX \u0219i X \u00ee\u0219i distribuie fibre \u00een zonele reflexogene cardiovasculare ", "D. Fibrele nervului accesor au originea \u00een nucleul am biguu, f\u0103r\u0103 excep\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibrele plexului hipogastric se distribuie urm\u0103toarelor viscere:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Testicule \u0219i ovare ", "B. Rect \u0219i vezic\u0103 urinar\u0103 ", "C. Stomac \u0219i intestin subtire ", "D. Rinichi \u0219i prostat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ con\u021bine fibre:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Parasimpatice amielinice cu originea \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervilor III, VII, IX, X ", "B. Cu originea \u00een ganglioni de pe traseul nervilor cranieni glosofaringiani \u0219i vagi ", "C. Simpatice mielinice cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei toracolombare ", "D. Cu originea \u00een cinc i nuclei vegetativi parasimpatici din trunchiul cerebral " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ parasimpatic se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Produce contrac\u021bia musculaturii \u0219i cre\u0219te secre\u021bi a glandelor mucoase de la nivelul arborelui br on\u0219ic ", "B. Contract\u0103 vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i vezica urinar\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219te tonusul majorit\u0103\u021bii sfincterelor d igestive ", "C. Stimuleaz\u0103, prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal, secre\u021biile nazale, lacrimale \u0219i salivare ", "D. Cre\u0219te viteza de conducere a poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune la nivelul miocardului atrial " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibrelor vegetative simpatice:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Din ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie se distribuie doar mu\u0219chilor netezi piloerectori ", "B. Cu originea \u00een ganglionul mezenteric superior se distribuie stomacului \u0219i duodenului ", "C. Din alc\u0103tuirea m icului nerv splanhnic ajung \u00een cel pu\u021bin d oi ganglion i prevertebrali ", "D. Cu originea \u00een coarnele laterale L 1-L2 formeaz\u0103 nervii pelvici care contract\u0103 uterul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Scotopsina:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een membranele celulelor vizuale cu prag ul de excitabilitate cel mai ridicat ", "B. Se leag\u0103 de un derivat al vitaminei A, form\u00e2nd pigmen\u021bi sensibili la ro\u0219u, verde \u0219i albastru ", "C. Rezult\u0103 din combina\u021bia \u00eentre un tip de opsin\u0103 \u0219i un fragment de caroten ", "D. Este o protein\u0103 care \u00een combina\u021bie cu retinen ul formeaz\u0103 purpurul retinian " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre reflexul de acomodare pentru vederea de aproape este adev\u0103rat c \u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Axele vizuale ale celor doi ochi sunt paralele \u0219i pupilele sunt dilatate ", "B. Curbura anterioar\u0103 a corneei cre\u0219te la valoarea sa maxim\u0103, prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului ciliar ", "C. Acomodarea la punctul proxim cre\u0219te tensiunea \u00een ligamentul suspensor \u0219i cristaloid\u0103 ", "D. Presupune \u0219i reflexul de convergen\u021b \u0103 realizat prin contrac\u021bia unor mu\u0219chi insera\u021bi pe sclerotic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fusul neuromuscular:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Are sinapse mediate de acetilcolin\u0103, spre deosebire de fibrele extrafusale ", "B. Prezint\u0103 inerva\u021bie senzitiv\u0103 cu originea \u00een coarnele posterio are medulare ", "C. Con\u021bine mio fibrile organizate \u00een sarcomere, ca \u0219i fibrele mu\u0219chiului scheletic ", "D. Prime\u0219te \u00een por\u021biunile periferice dendrite ale neuronilor dispozitivului somatomotor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Vibra\u021biile endolimfei din rampa timpanic\u0103 determin\u0103 vibra\u021bia membranei bazilare ", "B. Undele cu frecven\u021b\u0103 joas\u0103 determin\u0103 vibra\u021bii ample ale membranei bazilare la baza melcului ", "C. Celulele ciliate sunt stimulate de deplasarea organului Corti fa\u021b\u0103 de membrana reticulat\u0103 ", "D. Fibre le c\u0103ii auditive prezint\u0103 specializare zonal\u0103 , de la nivelul ganglionului spiral p\u00e2n\u0103 la cortex " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nucleii vestibulari stabilesc conexiuni directe cu:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Neuroni talamici ai c\u0103ror axoni se proiecteaz\u0103 \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 I din girul postcentral ", "B. Axoni ai unor neuroni bipolari extrane vraxiali \u0219i dendrite ale unor neuroni de execu\u021bie ", "C. Nucleii nervilor II, IV \u0219i VI, pentru mi\u0219c\u0103rile globilor oculari cu punct de plecare labirintic ", "D. Cerebrocerebelul, cu rol \u00een men\u021binerea echilibrului, pe baza informa\u021biilor vestibulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Celulele olfactive se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Se formeaz\u0103 prin diviziunea \u0219i diferen\u021bierea celulelor de sus\u021binere ", "B. Prezint\u0103 la nivelul butonului olfactiv cili mobili, acoperi\u021bi de mucus ", "C. Realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu celule mitrale \u0219i celule granulare cu rol stimulator ", "D. Prezint\u0103 un proces fiziologic de re\u00eenno ire, pe seama unor celule bazale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen vede rea stimul\u0103rii receptorilor olfactivi este necesar\u0103 :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Dizolvarea substan\u021belor inodore \u00een pelicula de mucus de la suprafa\u021ba mucoasei nazale ", "B. Ata\u0219area moleculelor volatile de o protein\u0103 re ceptor din membrana cililor receptorilor ", "C. Prezen\u021ba s ubstan\u021bele odorante \u00eentr-o concentra\u021bie inferioar\u0103 pragului de excitare ", "D. Deschiderea canalele ionice pentru Na+ \u0219i Ca2+ de c\u0103tre moleculele lipidice receptoare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre analizatorul olfactiv este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Axonii deutoneuronilor formeaz\u0103 tracturi care se termin\u0103 \u00een diencefal ", "B. Aria olfactiv\u0103 primar\u0103 determin\u0103 formarea de senza\u021bii olfactive fine, pl\u0103cute \u0219i nepl\u0103cute ", "C. Celulele granulare realizeaz\u0103 sinapse inhibitorii cu deutoneuroni olfactivi ", "D. Fiecare receptor olfactiv posed\u0103 mai multe tipuri de proteine receptoare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Tractul optic se \u00eentinde \u00eentre chiasma optic\u0103 \u0219i marginile scizurii cal carine ", "B. Celulele senzoriale ale maculei utriculare sunt stimulate de \u00eencetinirea mi\u0219c\u0103rii rectilinii orizontale ", "C. Calea gustativ\u0103 conduce informa\u021bii, prin fibre ganglionare, \u00een nuclei senzitivi pontini ", "D. Tractul olfactiv se \u00eentinde \u00eentre butonul olfactiv \u0219i gi rusul hipocampic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la ac\u021biunile/efectele unor hormoni:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Adrenalina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia celulelor cu o pondere de 60 -70% \u00een pancreasul insular ", "B. Vasotocina exercit\u0103 efecte vasoconstrictoare arteriolare, \u00een doze mari ", "C. Cortizolul scade stabilitatea membranelor lizozomale, prevenind inflama\u021bia ", "D. Insulina stimuleaz\u0103 transportul glucozei prin membrana celulelor adipoase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cortizolul produce urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Scade num\u0103rul plachetelor sangvine ", "B. Intensific\u0103 catabolismu l proteinelor hepatice ", "C. Determin\u0103 supresia sistemului imun ", "D. Cre\u0219te sensibilitatea la stimuli auditivi \u0219i vizuali " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de ADH este inhibat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Durere ", "B. Sc\u0103derea volumului sangvin ", "C. Alcool ", "D. Cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei urinei finale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre disfunc\u021biile endocrine \u0219i simptomele acestora:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Boala Addison \u2013 piele sub\u021bire, vergeturi, depresie ", "B. Boala Perry \u2013 tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor, nervozitate ", "C. Sindromul Cushing \u2013 pigmentarea mucoasei bucale, anorexie ", "D. Ca\u0219exia hipofizar\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219tere \u00een greutate, anemie, c\u0103derea p\u0103rului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la timus, sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Secret\u0103 timocrescin\u0103, care intervine \u00een metabolismul fierului ", "B. Evolu\u021bia sa este stimulat\u0103 de hormonii steroizi ", "C. Con\u021bine corpusculii Hassal, care secret\u0103 diferite tipur i de peptide ", "D. Intervine \u00een procesul de ap\u0103rare imun\u0103 \u0219i \u00een demineralizarea osoas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre PTH este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Necesit\u0103 Mg2+ pentru sinteza sa la nivelul celulelor principale ", "B. Inhib\u0103 absorb\u021bia Ca2+ la nivelul enterocitelor, prin efectul vitaminei D ", "C. Exercit\u0103 efecte similare cu extractele de timus la nivelul osului ", "D. Determin\u0103, \u00een hiposecre\u021bia sa, sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivel hepatic:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Glucagonul inhib\u0103 depolimerizarea unui polizaharid ", "B. Adrenalina produce vasodilata\u021bie \u0219i contrac\u021bia ficatului ", "C. Cortizolul inhib\u0103 gluconeogeneza din aminoacizi ", "D. Tiroxina activeaz\u0103 mecanisme cu efect hipocolesterolemiant " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre hormoni \u0219i ac\u021biunile/efectele acestora:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Somatotropul \u2013 sc\u0103derea concentra\u021biei aminoacizilor plasmatici ", "B. Insul ina \u2013 activarea gluconeogenezei hepatice \u0219i musculare ", "C. Glucagonul \u2013 stimularea secre\u021biei gastrice acide \u0219i a celei biliare ", "D. Cortizolul \u2013 cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii tubilor renali pentru ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre hormonii glandulotropi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Tireotropina (TSH) secretat\u0103 \u00een doze mici poate determina protruzia globilor oculari ", "B. LH determin\u0103 eliberarea celulei sexuale din foliculul de Graaf ", "C. Cortocotropina (ACTH) controleaz\u0103 sinteza de steroizi a medularei suprarenalei ", "D. FSH stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea secretorie a unor celule testiculare intersti\u021biale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Aldosteronul:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Ac\u021bionea z\u0103 la nivelul g landelor suprarenale, salivare \u0219i colice ", "B. Regleaz\u0103 presiunea coloid -osmotic\u0103 a mediului intern ", "C. Determin\u0103 absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl- \u0219i HCO 3-, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie ", "D. Provoac\u0103 acid oz\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103derea potasemiei , \u00een hiposecre\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corec t\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Boala Simmonds const\u0103 \u00een hipertrofie tisular\u0103 \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire prematur\u0103 ", "B. Sindromul Cushing se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin membre superioare sub\u021biri \u0219i falange cu mo\u021b la m\u00e2ini ", "C. Tetania presupune sc\u0103derea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la frig \u0219i a rigidit\u0103\u021bii extremit\u0103\u021bilor ", "D. \u00cen boala Recklinghausen pot ap\u0103rea calcific\u0103ri ale organelor cu \u021besuturi moi \u0219i afec\u021biuni nervoase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la mecanismul de ac\u021biune al hormonilor, este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. ADH formeaz\u0103 un complex hormon -receptor, care se leag\u0103 de o protein\u0103 asociat\u0103 ARNm ", "B. TSH induce sinteza de proteine celulare specifice, ca urmare a ac\u021biunii asupra ADN -ului nuclear ", "C. Complexul insulin\u0103 -receptor activeaz\u0103 adenilat -ciclaza, care descompune ATP \u00een AMP ciclic ", "D. Cortizolul determin\u0103 activarea proteinkinazelor implicate \u00een fosforilarea proteinelor specifice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul de membran\u0103 depinde de:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Pompa Na+-K+ care introduce rapid Na+ \u0219i expulzeaz\u0103 lent K+, \u00eentr -un raport de 3/2 ", "2. Anionii anorganici nedifuzibili afla\u021bi \u00een citoplasm\u0103, care resping ionii de Cl- ", "3. Transportul pasiv al Na+ \u0219i K+ prin canale (polipeptide cu greutate molecular\u0103 mare) ", "4. Activitatea unei proteine care folose\u0219te direct energia rezultat\u0103 din ATP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fazele poten\u021bia lului de ac\u021biune se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Pragul \u2013 valoarea poten\u021bialului de membran\u0103 cre\u0219te la un nivel critic numit poten\u021bial prag ", "2. Depolarizarea \u2013 polaritatea membranei se inverseaz\u0103 prin activarea pompei de Na+-K+ ", "3. Hiperpolarizarea \u2013 difuzia Na+ din celul \u0103 continu\u0103 \u0219i dup\u0103 revenirea la valoarea poten\u021bialului de repaus ", "4. Repolarizarea \u2013 K+ difuzeaz\u0103 din celul\u0103 prin canale speciale care se deschid \u00een prezen\u021ba stimulului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la sinapse este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Sinteza de acetilcolin\u0103 necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP -ului din mitocondriile componentei presinaptice ", "2. Fixarea acetilcolinei de receptorii sarcolemei determin\u0103 apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune ", "3. \u00cen sinapsele receptor -neuron, impulsul nervos se auto propag\u0103 prin mecanismul circuitelor loca le ", "4. Acetilcolina este inactivat\u0103 lent de enzimele din celula postsinaptic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Calea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Kinestezice \u2013 are deutoneuroni \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", "2. Protopatice \u2013 are \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 lemniscul medial format din axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ", "3. Epicritice \u2013 include axoni lungi ai unor neuroni ganglionari multipolari ", "4. De reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u2013 este deservit\u0103 de fascicule pozi\u021bionate \u00een cordoanele laterale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Axonul protoneuronului din ganglionul spinal poate face sinaps\u0103 direct cu:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Deutoneuroni bulbari ai sensi bilit\u0103\u021bii ce informeaz\u0103 despre pozi\u021bia corpului \u00een spa\u021biu ", "2. Neuroni de asocia\u021bie din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "3. Neuronii de origine ai lemniscului medial cu traseu ascendent prin trunchiul cerebral ", "4. Dendrite ale neuronilor somatomotori \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt tracturi ale cordonul ui lateral:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Spinocerebelos posterior ", "2. Vestibulospinal lateral ", "3. Spinocerebelos anterior ", "4. Spinotectal " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nervii hipoglo\u0219i :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Au dou\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cini: ventral\u0103 \u0219i dorsal\u0103 ", "2. Prezint\u0103 fibre somatomotorii cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", "3. Au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 ", "4. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi care intervin \u00een vorbire " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Con\u021bine fibre care fac sinapse noncolinergice cu neuroni din ganglioni juxtaviscerali ", "2. \u00ce\u0219i distribuie unele fibre cu origine extranevraxial\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103tre organe de la nivelul g\u00e2tului ", "3. Include dou\u0103 tipuri de fibre visceromotorii: lungi, mielinice \u0219i scurte , amielinice ", "4. Inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin \u00eempreun\u0103 cu nervul trigemen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre nervul trigemen se poate afirma:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Are trei ramuri \u00een alc\u0103tuirea c\u0103rora intr\u0103 axoni ai neuronilor ganglionari trigeminali ", "2. Prezint\u0103 o ramura mandibular\u0103, format\u0103 din axoni ai unor neuroni senzitivi \u0219i ai unor neuroni motori ", "3. Include fibre senzitive prin care culege informa\u021bii gustative din pa rtea anterioar\u0103 a limbii ", "4. Distribuie c\u0103tre mucoasa nazal\u0103 fibre senzitive ce apar\u021bin la dou\u0103 ramuri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urechea extern\u0103 este inervat\u0103 de fibre ce apar\u021bin nervilor:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Trigemen i (ramura mandibular\u0103) ", "2. Vestibulocohleari ", "3. Pneumogastrici ", "4. Glosofaringieni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Spinocerebelul:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Controleaz\u0103 musculatura striat\u0103 axial\u0103 \u0219i distal\u0103 ", "2. Trimite eferen\u021be care ajung la cortexul motor , dup\u0103 o sta\u021bie la nivel talamic ", "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin intermediul fasciculelor vestibulo -, reticulo - \u0219i rubrospinale ", "4. Determin\u0103, prin extirpa rea sa, tulbur\u0103ri de ortostatism " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ganglionii bazali:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Particip\u0103 la reglarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de ansamblu ", "2. Apar\u021bin c\u0103ilor motilit\u0103\u021bii automate \u0219i semiautomate ", "3. Trimit eferen\u021be spre talamus \u0219i mezencefal ", "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 tonusul musculaturii striate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Stimularea neuronilor visceromot ori din segmentele medulare L1 -L2 produce:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Stimularea secre\u021biei de catecolamine a medulosuprarenalei ", "2. Reducerea secre\u021biei de renin\u0103 ", "3. Sc\u0103derea activit\u0103\u021bii motorii \u0219i secretorii la nivel gastric ", "4. Contrac\u021bia sfincterului vezical intern " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ simpatic spre deosebire de cel parasimpatic prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Dou\u0103 tipuri de fibre eferente: cu conducere saltatorie \u0219i cu conducere din aproape \u00een aproape ", "2. Sinapse adrenergice la contactul cu unii efectori vegetativi ", "3. Distribu\u021bia fibrelor postganglionare limitat\u0103 la cap \u0219i la viscere din cavit\u0103\u021bile corpului ", "4. Sinapse interneuronale \u00een ganglionii celiaci, mezenterici \u0219i \u00een medulosuprarenal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Stimularea fibrelor simpatice determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. For\u021bei de contrac\u021bie miocardic\u0103, ca \u0219i glucagonul ", "2. Glicogenolizei, c a \u0219i catecolaminele ", "3. Frecven\u021bei cardiace, ca \u0219i hormonii tiroidieni ", "4. Metabolismului bazal, ca \u0219i cortizolul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibrele nervoase cu origine \u00een ganglionul:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Otic \u2013 sunt destinate glandelor salivare sublinguale ", "2. Ciliar \u2013 inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chiul dilatator pupilar al iri sului ", "3. Submandibular \u2013 ajung la glandele salivare parotide ", "4. Pterigopalatin \u2013 se distribuie glandelor lacrimale \u0219i muconazale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Baza anatomic\u0103 a r eflexelor medulare se poate caracteriza prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Iradierea impulsurilor \u00een func\u021bie de intensitatea stimulului (reflexul plantar) ", "2. Centri i localiza\u021bi la nivelul segmentelor T3 -T5 (reflexul pentru motilitatea gastrointestinal\u0103 ) ", "3. Centrii localiza\u021bi \u00een coarnele laterale ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii (reflexul abdominal) ", "4. Prezen\u021ba neuronilor intercalari \u00eentre neuronul viscerosenzitiv \u0219i cel preganglionar simpatic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Stimularea neuronilor postganglionari din ganglionii celiaci ", "2. Ac\u021biunea unui hormon al pancreasului insular ", "3. Sec\u021bionarea unui nerv cranian care include cin ci categorii de fibre ", "4. Func\u021bionarea neuronilor din ganglionii paravertebrali T 1-T4 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Stimularea organelor neurotendinoase Golgi:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Este determinat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea brusc\u0103 a tensiunii musculare \u00een contrac\u021bii rapide, intense ", "2. Ini\u021biaz\u0103 impulsuri pentru generarea unui reflex inhibitor ", "3. Declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un mecanism de protec\u021bie, care previne apari\u021bia unui rupturi musculare ", "4. Exercit\u0103 o ac\u021biune inhibitoare direct\u0103 asupra motoneuronilor \u03b1 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Macula utricular\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Con\u021bine celule senzoriale \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu dendrite ale protoneuronilor din nucleii vestibulari ", "2. Detecteaz\u0103 viteza de deplasare a capului \u0219i a corpului ", "3. Con\u021bine otolite, mai dense dec\u00e2t perilimfa din jurul lor, care stimuleaz\u0103 celulele senzoriale ", "4. Informeaz\u0103 despre pozi\u021bia capului \u00een raport cu for\u021ba gravi ta\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i accelera\u021bia liniar\u0103 orizontal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre sensibilitatea gustativ\u0103 sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Pragul de excitabilitate gustativ\u0103 este diferit pentru fiecare substan\u021b\u0103 ", "2. Intensitatea senza\u021biei gustative variaz\u0103 invers propor\u021bional cu concentra\u021bia ", "3. La ac\u021biunea \u00eendelungat\u0103 a unui excitant apare fenomenul de adaptare ", "4. Cea mai mare sensibilitate se manifest\u0103 pentru substan\u021bele dulci " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fiziologia analizatorului vestibular :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Canalul semicircular lateral informeaz\u0103 asupra m i\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een jurul axului vertical ", "2. C\u00e2nd capul sufer\u0103 acceler\u0103ri liniare, are loc o deplasarea iner\u021bial\u0103 a otolitelor, \u00een acela\u0219i sens ", "3. Canalele anterior \u0219i posterior informeaz\u0103 asupra mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de rota\u021bie \u00een jurul axelor orizontale ", "4. C\u00e2nd capul st\u0103 nemi\u0219cat, \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103, \u00eenceteaz\u0103 desc\u0103rcarea de impulsuri c\u0103tre centrii nervo\u0219i " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre analizatorul gustativ este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Aria gustativ\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a girusului postcentral ", "2. Celulele senzoriale tr\u0103iesc 1-2 luni, fiind apoi \u00eenlocuite pe baza celulelor bazale ", "3. Papilele caliciforme sunt dispuse pe marginile posterolaterale ale limbii ", "4. Depolarizarea celulelor ciliate se produce \u0219i la contactul lor cu glutamatul de sodiu " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Intensitatea senza\u021biei olfactive depin de de:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Umiditatea mucoasei olfactive ", "2. Gradul de solubilitate a substan\u021belor volatile ", "3. V\u00e2rsta \u0219i starea fiziologic\u0103 a organismului ", "4. Concentra\u021bia substan\u021belor odorante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivel ul pielii , hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Hiperpigmentarea cutanat\u0103 \u00een boala Addison - MSH \u0219i ACTH, \u00een exces ", "2. Piloerec\u021bi e \u0219i dilata\u021bia vaselor \u2013 adrenalina \u0219i noradrenalina ", "3. Asigur\u0103 hidratarea \u0219i activitatea secretorie normal\u0103 - tiroxina ", "4. Stimuleaz\u0103 lipaza din celulele adipoase \u2013 hormonul celulelor \u03b2 insulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivel renal:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Vasopresina \u0219i cortizolul \u2013 scad permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 ", "2. Cortizolul \u0219i ti roxina \u2013 cresc excre\u021bia de azot \u0219i diureza ", "3. Glucocorticoizii \u2013 scad filtrarea glomerular\u0103 ", "4. Aldosteronul \u0219i parathormonul \u2013 cresc elimin\u0103rile urinare de K+ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivel muscular:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Degradarea moleculelor de glucoz\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de insulin\u0103 ", "2. Moleculele unei hexoze sunt polimerizate sub ac\u021biunea glucagonului ", "3. Degradarea proteinelor este intensificat\u0103 de cortizol \u0219i tiroxin\u0103 ", "4. Transportul de glucoz\u0103 \u0219i de aminoacizi este inhibat de somatotrop " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen doze mari:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Vasopresina produce hiperglicemie ", "2. Hormonul antidiure tic cre\u0219te presiunea arterial\u0103 ", "3. ADH stimuleaz\u0103 peristaltismul intestinal ", "4. Aldosteronul determin\u0103 acidoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Hiperpigmentare cutanat\u0103, indus\u0103 de hipersecre\u021bia a doi hormoni cu precursor comun ", "2. Deshidratare consecutiv\u0103 cre\u0219t erii reabsorb\u021biei de Na+ \u0219i Cl- \u0219i astenie muscular\u0103 ", "3. Tulbur\u0103ri gastrointestinale (inapeten\u021b\u0103, anorexie, grea\u021b\u0103, diaree etc.) ", "4. Hipotensiune arterial\u0103, hipoglic emie, oboseal\u0103 trec\u0103toare, decolorarea p\u0103rului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la ac\u021biunile/efectele hormonilor sistemului paracrin :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Histamina particip\u0103 la reac\u021biile imunitare ", "2. Prostaglandinele moduleaz\u0103 activitatea celular\u0103 ", "3. Angiotensina produce contrac\u021bia arteriolelor ", "4. Colecistokinina determin\u0103 contrac\u021bia sfincterului Oddi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pompa de Na +- K+:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Reprezint\u0103 un canal ionic, cu structur\u0103 proteic\u0103, pr in care ionii de Na + \u0219i K + sunt transporta\u021bi activ ", "B. Influen\u021beaz\u0103, prin activitatea ei, cotransportul \u0219i e xcitabilitatea celulelor nervoase \u0219i musculare ", "C. Intervine \u00een generarea poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune, asi gur\u00e2nd influxul de Na + \u0219i efluxul de K + ", "D. Necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP pentru preluarea a 3 K + \u00een celul\u0103 \u0219i eliminarea a 2 Na + din celul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la poten\u021bialele de ac\u021biune este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Se autopropag\u0103 din aproape \u00een aproape, prin curen\u021bi i lui Hermann, \u00een fibrele cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal al vagului ", "B. Variaz\u0103 direct propor\u021bional cu intensitatea stimulul ui, pemi\u021b\u00e2nd suma\u021bia spa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i temporal\u0103 ", "C. Se propag\u0103 \u00een salturi, cu viteze mari, prin fibrele cu originea \u00een ganglionul celiac ", "D. Prin varia\u021bii ale frecven\u021bei acestora se realizeaz\u0103 discriminarea \u00eentre stimuli de intensit\u0103\u021bi diferite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Teaca Henle:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Izoleaz\u0103 electric axonii neuronilor din sistemul nerv os periferic ", "B. Asociaz\u0103 fibrele nervoase \u00eentre ele (endonerv), le pr otejeaz\u0103 \u0219i le asigur\u0103 nutri\u021bia ", "C. Separ\u0103 plasmalema oligodendrocitei de \u021besutul conjunc tiv din jurul fibrei nervoase ", "D. Con\u021bine o substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 amorf\u0103 \u0219i fibre conj unctive dispuse \u00een re\u021bea " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele gliale intervin \u00een:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Reciclarea mediatorilor chimici, colectarea K + din lichidul intersti\u021bial, procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", "B. Producerea de mielin\u0103 pentru axonii neuronilor din ganglionii mezenterici (celulele Schwann) ", "C. Sinteza \u0219i transferul unor substan\u021be c\u0103tre neuroni: ac id lactic, acid dezoxiribonucleic, ATP ", "D. Fagocitarea neuronilor (macrogliile) \u0219i sus\u021binerea fi zic\u0103 a neuronilor intranevraxiali (celulele satelite ) " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen sistemul nervos central exist\u0103 neuroni care:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Reprezint\u0103 originea fasciculului cuneat, \u00eencep\u00e2nd c u m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", "B. Trimit axoni prin ramurile comunicante albe \u0219i ramur ile comunicante cenu\u015fii ", "C. Formeaz\u0103 nucleii senzoriali din trunchiul cerebral a i nervilor cranieni I, II, VIII ", "D. Trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre rinichi prin axoni din structu ra nervilor splanhnic mic \u0219i pneumogastric " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Prelungirile celulipete ale neuronilor ganglionari de pe traseul unor nervi cranieni mic\u0219ti pot realiz a sinapse cu:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Celulele ciliate situate pe membrana bazilar\u0103 a melc ului membranos ", "B. Celulele receptoare ale mugurilor gustativi pozi\u021bion a\u021bi \u00een mucoasa epiglotic\u0103 ", "C. Celulele cu kinocil \u0219i stereocili ale maculelor otol itice utricular\u0103 \u0219i sacular\u0103 ", "D. Celule bipolare din tunica intern\u0103 a globului ocula r " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fasciculul extrapiramidal cu origine \u00een nucleul ro\u0219 u:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Descarc\u0103 impulsuri pe motoneuronii gamma medulari ", "B. Se pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een afara piramidelor bulbare \u00een tra seul lui spre cerebel ", "C. Are traiect direct prin cordoanele medulare anterio are ", "D. Conduce impulsuri care stimuleaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor extensori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pentru men\u021binerea \u00eenchis\u0103 a ochiului st\u00e2ng particip \u0103 fibre somatomotorii:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Din ramura oftalmic\u0103 a nervului trigemen destinate m u\u0219chilor mimicii ", "B. Care apar\u021bin nervului oculomotor st\u00e2ng ", "C. Din ramura nervului V care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii implica \u021bi \u00een expresivitatea fe\u021bei ", "D. Din nucleul somatomotor al nervului facial st\u00e2ng " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Prin stimularea SNV simpatic, se ob\u021bin urm\u0103toarele efecte:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Intensificarea secre\u021biei glandelor anexe ale tubului digestiv ", "B. Inhibarea secre\u021biei zonei cu origine ectodermic\u0103 a su prarenalei ", "C. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei salivare v\u00e2scoase \u0219i sc\u0103derea con\u021binu tului enzimatic al acesteia ", "D. Sc\u0103derea debitului urinar \u0219i relaxarea mu\u0219chiului det rusor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen piele se g\u0103sesc corpusculii:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Vater \u2013 Pacini, situa\u021bi \u00een \u021besutul subcutanat, cu ada ptare par\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i lent\u0103 ", "B. Golgi-Mazzoni, varietate a corpusculilor Ruffini, lo caliza\u021bi \u00een hipodermul degetelor ", "C. Krause, stimula\u021bi de presiuni slabe, vibra\u021bii cu frecv en\u021b\u0103 mare \u0219i temperaturi sc\u0103zute ", "D. Meissner, localiza\u021bi \u00een hipodermul papilar, care dete cteaz\u0103 atingeri puternice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Stimularea fibrelor anulospirale \u015fi \u00een floare/\u00een bu chet:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Este urmat\u0103 de relaxarea fibrelor musculare extrafusal e ", "B. Determin\u0103 activarea motoneuronilor gamma din cordoa nele anterioare ", "C. Asigur\u0103 men\u0163inerea unei st\u0103ri de tensiune permanente \u00ee n mu\u0219chi ", "D. Contribuie la formarea senza\u0163iei de echilibru \u00een lob ul frontal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hormonii:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Deriva\u021bi din acizii arahidonici exercit\u0103 un efect g eneralizat la nivelul organismului ", "B. Peptidici includ ocitocina, gastrina, prostaglandinel e ", "C. Steroizi, cum este estradiolul, difuzeaz\u0103 prin membr anele celulelor-\u021bint\u0103 ", "D. Secreta\u021bi de timus includ un num\u0103r mare de amine, c a vasotocina " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Melatonina:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Exercit\u0103 efecte inhibitoare asupra eliber\u0103rii hormon ilor FSH \u0219i LTH ", "B. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra axului hipotalamo-hipofizo-medulosu prarenalian ", "C. Atinge nivelul maxim de secre\u021bie \u00een timpul nop\u021bii ", "D. Inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 a celulelor intersti\u021biale te sticulare Leydig " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Glucagonul:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Scade secre\u021bia biliar\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219te secre\u021bia gastric\u0103, \u00eent r-o secre\u021bie normal\u0103 a celulelor \u03b1 ", "B. Se leag\u0103 de receptorii specifici \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin A MPc asupra celulelor - \u021bint\u0103 ", "C. Cre\u0219te glicemia, prin stimularea glicogenolizei musc ulare ", "D. Are secre\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hormonul secretat de celule le delta insulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Insulina:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Scade captarea aminoacizilor \u00een celule capabile de contrac\u021bie ", "B. Are efect stimulator asupra gluconeogenezei \u00een celul e binucleate ", "C. Cre\u0219te transportul de glucoz\u0103 c\u0103tre celulele cu nucle u periferic din hipoderm ", "D. Inhib\u0103 oxidarea glucozei \u00een celule cu numero\u0219i nucle i periferici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hormonii steroizi:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu receptorii din membrana celul elor \u021bint\u0103 ", "B. Sunt secreta\u021bi de c\u0103tre gonade \u0219i glandele cortico suprarenale ", "C. Traverseaz\u0103 membranele celulare activ, prin difuz iune facilitat\u0103 ", "D. Sunt sintetiza\u021bi din colesterol \u0219i fosfolipide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Axonii neuronilor din coarnele posterioare medu lare pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Somatomotori din coarnele anterioare ", "B. Din nucleul din\u021bat al cerebelului ", "C. Somatosenzitivi din ganglionul spinal ", "D. Din nucleii gracilis \u0219i cuneat din bulbul rahidian " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Eferen\u021bele cerebelului se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Nucleul fastigial - fasciculul cerebelofastigial ", "B. Nucleul ro\u0219u - fasciculul dentorubric ", "C. Nucleii vestibulari - fasciculul vestibulocerebelo s ", "D. M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii - fasciculul spinocerebelos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen puntea lui Varolio sunt situa\u021bi urm\u0103torii nu clei motori:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Care controleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile limbii \u00een degluti\u021bie ", "B. De origine pentru fibre ce inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii mimi cii \u0219i mu\u0219chii masticatori ", "C. De origine pentru fibre care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chiul o blic superior ", "D. Salivatori pentru secre\u021bia glandelor salivare par otide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre fibra simpatic\u0103 preganglionar\u0103 este adev \u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Formeaz\u0103 ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie a nervului spi nal ", "B. Formeaz\u0103 nervii splanhnici \u0219i pelvieni ", "C. Poate face sinaps\u0103 \u00een ganglioni prevertebrali ", "D. P\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii prin ramura anterioar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte privind nervul pn eumogastric:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Fibrele visceromotorii reprezint\u0103 calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului cardioinhibitor ", "B. Stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia glandelor gastrice si intestin ale ", "C. Fibrele viscerosenzitive se distribuie la interoce ptorii din viscere \u0219i vasele epidermului ", "D. Produce bronhoconstric\u021bie \u0219i relaxarea sfincterulu i vezical intern " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii de hiperglicemie au loc urm\u0103toarele fenomene:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Glicogenogenez\u0103 hepatic\u0103 \u0219i muscular\u0103 ", "B. Gluconeogenez\u0103 \u00een ficat \u0219i mu\u0219chi ", "C. Activarea sintezei de trigliceride \u00een \u021besutul muscu lar ", "D. Cre\u0219terea absorb\u021biei intestinale a glucozei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cu privire la calea vestibular\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c \u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Nucleul care con\u021bine deutoneuronul reprezint\u0103 or iginea unor fascicule extrapiramidale ", "B. Axonii protoneuronului sunt \u00een contact cu celule le senzoriale din macul\u0103 ", "C. Nucleii vestibulari sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu nucleii de termina\u021bie ai nervilor cranieni III, IV \u0219i VI ", "D. Prin fasciculul vestibulocerebelos transmite impulsu ri spre neocerebel " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali drep\u021bi:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Primesc ca aferen\u021be fibrele tractului optic st\u00e2ng ", "B. Eferen\u021bele lor se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre ariile vizuale st\u00e2 ngi ", "C. Prezint\u0103 sinapse cu axonii neuronilor multipolari din c\u00e2mpul nazal al retinei st\u00e2ngi ", "D. Reprezint\u0103 centrii nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe de ori entare vizual\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cortizolul poate produce urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/ef ecte:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Iritabilitate \u0219i sc\u0103derea capacit\u0103\u021bii de concentra re ", "B. Sc\u0103derea elimin\u0103rilor urinare de azot ", "C. Hipoglicemie prin gluconeogenez\u0103 din aminoacizi ", "D. Stimularea sintezei trigliceridelor \u00een \u021besutul adi pos " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chii circulari ai irisului:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Sunt stimula\u021bi prin impulsuri din nucleul nervului accesor ", "B. Influen\u021beaz\u0103 puterea de refrac\u021bie a cristalinulu i ", "C. Se relaxeaz\u0103 la \u00eentuneric \u0219i se contract\u0103 la lumin \u0103 ", "D. Produc mioz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba adrenalinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre limb\u0103 sunt adev\u0103ra te:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Inerva\u021bia motorie este realizat\u0103 de fibre cu orig inea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", "B. Este acoperit\u0103 de un epiteliu pluristratificat pav imentos necheratinizat ", "C. Con\u021bine muguri gustativi grupa\u021bi \u00een papile circum valate la v\u00e2rful limbii ", "D. Este inervat\u0103 senzorial de fibre cu originea \u00een co rpul geniculat de pe traseul nervului VII " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Inerva\u021bia mu\u0219chiului striat are urm\u0103toarele car acteristici:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Axonii neuronilor somatomotori se termin\u0103 la nive lul miofibrilelor ", "B. Cea senzitiv\u0103 poate fi realizat\u0103 prin dendrite a le neuronilor din ganglionul Gasser ", "C. Cea motorie a fibrelor extrafusale se realizeaz\u0103 prin axonii motoneuronilor gamma ", "D. Dendritele distribuite fibrelor cu sac nuclear sunt sub\u021biri \u0219i au vitez\u0103 mic\u0103 de conducere " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre parametrii excitab ilit\u0103\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Reobaza reprezint\u0103 intensitatea prag a unui stimul electric ", "B. Timpul util este timpul maxim necesar ac\u021biunii unu i stimul prag pentru a produce un PA ", "C. Cronaxia este intensitatea minim\u0103 a curentului ele ctric pentru a produce depolarizarea ", "D. Brusche\u021bea reprezint\u0103 r\u0103spunsul la un anumit num\u0103r de stimuli pe unitatea de timp " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Depinde de anionii de Cl - nedifuzibili localiza\u021bi intracelular ", "B. Anionii proteici pot traversa canalele membranare \u0219i ajung \u00een spa\u021biul extracelular ", "C. Canalele ionice voltaj - dependente pentru Na + sunt \u00eenchise ", "D. Canalele ionice voltaj-dependente pentru K+ sunt deschise " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la placa motorie este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Include o component\u0103 nervoas\u0103 \u0219i alta muscular\u0103, cone ctate prin desmozomi ", "2. Caracterizeaz\u0103 exclusiv fibrele musculare extrafusale ", "3. Butonul terminal con\u021bine vezicule cu adrenalin\u0103, ia r sarcolema prezint\u0103 receptori pentru acest mediator ", "4. La nivelul membranei postsinaptice, se genereaz\u0103 ini\u021bi al un poten\u021bial care nu se supune legii \u201dtot sau nimic\u201d " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex vegetativ poate inc lude:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Fibre cu originea \u00een ganglionii juxtaviscerali anex a\u021bi nervilor cranieni III, VII, IX \u0219i X ", "2. Fibre ce conduc impulsuri celulipet \u015fi celulifug cu v itez\u0103 de 100-120 m/s ", "3. Dendritele \u0219i axonii neuronilor viscerosenzitivi din j um\u0103tatea ventral\u0103 a cornului lateral ", "4. Dendrite ce conduc impulsuri de la chemoreceptori p rezen\u0163i la nivelul unor vase de s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ramura mandibular\u0103 trigeminal\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Conduce sensibilitatea exteroceptiv\u0103 din partea ante rioar\u0103 a limbii ", "2. Inerveaz\u0103 gingia \u0219i din\u021bii \u00eenfip\u021bi \u00een alveolele dent are mandibulare ", "3. Conduce sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 a mu\u0219chilor ma sticatori ", "4. Inerveaz\u0103 motor mu\u0219chii tensori al v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i al timpanului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii parasimpaticului:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Vasodilata\u021bie la nivelul glandelor lacrimale \u0219i ale m ucoasei nazale ", "2. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor circulari ciliari, cu producere a miozei ", "3. Sc\u0103derea conductibilit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul miocardului ", "4. Bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i coronarodilata\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nervul pneumogastric:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Prime\u0219te fibre somatomotorii de la nervul accesor ", "2. Particip\u0103 la inerva\u021bia zonelor reflexogene cardiova sculare ", "3. Conduce impulsuri c\u0103tre mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i eso fagului ", "4. Inerveaz\u0103 vegetativ musculatura bron\u0219ic\u0103 \u0219i cardiac\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Arcul reflexului pupilodilatator prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Receptori reprezenta\u021bi de celule nervoase bipolare m odificate, excitabile ", "2. Centrul nervos localizat \u00een coarnele anterioare med ulare, \u00eentre C 8 \u0219i T 2 ", "3. Un ganglion intramural pe calea eferent\u0103 \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice ", "4. Efectori reprezenta\u021bi de fibre musculare multiunita re, cu dispozi\u021bie radiar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hormonul secretat de celulele \u03b1 pancreatice:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Favorizeaz\u0103 depozitarea glucozei sub form\u0103 de glicog en ", "2. Cre\u0219te transportul de glucoz\u0103 c\u0103tre celula muscular\u0103 ", "3. Favorizeaz\u0103 oxidarea celular\u0103 a glucozei ", "4. Intensific\u0103 procesul de gluconeogenez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hormonii glucocorticoizii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Exercit\u0103 efecte antistres \u0219i inflamatorii prin supresia sistemului imun ", "2. Intensific\u0103 catabolismul proteic \u00een celulele muscular e \u0219i hepatice ", "3. Scad absorb\u021bia lipidelor \u0219i transformarea lor \u00een gluco z\u0103, prin gluconeogenez\u0103 ", "4. Scad permeabilitatea tubilor contor\u021bi distali pentru ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la disfunc\u021biile endocrine, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Hiposecre\u021bia hipofizar\u0103, instalat\u0103 la adult, determi n\u0103 atrofia organelor interne ", "2. Hiperfunc\u021bia tiroidian\u0103, la copil, se soldeaz\u0103 cu \u00eenc etinirea dezvolt\u0103rii encefalului ", "3. Hiposecre\u021bia tiroidian\u0103 determin\u0103 infiltrarea \u021besutu rilor cu ap\u0103, electroli\u021bi, mucoproteine ", "4. Hipersecre\u021bia paratiroidian\u0103, la copil, produce sl\u0103bi ciune muscular\u0103 \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rziere mintal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Boala Addison se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Depigmentare cutanat\u0103, prin hiposecre\u021bie de ACTH \u0219i p osibil de MSH ", "2. Cre\u0219terea masei s\u00e2ngelui circulant, hipertensiune ", "3. Dezechilibre ale balan\u021bei sodiului \u0219i potasiului: cre \u0219te natremia \u0219i scade potasemia ", "4. Sc\u0103derea rezisten\u021bei la infec\u021bii, astenie marcat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la glandele endocrine, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103 celule produc\u0103toare de hormoni sterolici ( cortexul suprarenalian) ", "2. Intervin \u00een sinteza \u0219i distribu\u021bia granulelor de mela nin\u0103 (epifiza) ", "3. Realizeaz\u0103 depozitarea extracelular\u0103 a produ\u0219ilor de secre\u021bie (tiroida) ", "4. Exercit\u0103 ac\u021biuni facilitatoare asupra dezvolt\u0103rii go nadelor (timusul) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 poate fi condus\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Axoni lungi ai protoneuronilor ce fac sinaps\u0103 \u00een substa n\u021ba cenu\u0219ie bulbar\u0103 ", "2. Fibre ce pornesc din nucleii talamici c\u0103tre ariile s omestezice ", "3. Axoni \u00eencruci\u0219a\u021bi ai deutoneuronilor din substan\u021ba cen u\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", "4. Lemniscul medial, ce continu\u0103 fasciculele spinotalamic e gracilis \u0219i cuneat " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sistemul reticulat ascendent activator:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Include o cale multineuronal\u0103, polisinaptic\u0103 cu vite z\u0103 lent\u0103 de conducere ", "2. Prime\u0219te aferen\u021be de la segmentele intermediare ale a nalizatorilor ", "3. \u00ce\u0219i men\u021bine starea de excitabilitate prin circuitul c ortico-reticulo-cortical ", "4. Este inhibat de substan\u021be secretate de neuroni postgan glionari simpatici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele senzoriale gustative:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Prezint\u0103, \u00een regiunea apical\u0103, receptori membranari care detecteaz\u0103 substan\u021bele sapide ", "2. Se regenereaz\u0103 pe seama celulelor bazale \u0219i sunt \u00eenso\u021bi te de celule de sus\u021binere ", "3. Genereaz\u0103 un poten\u021bial de receptor, \u00een urma deschide rii canalelor \u0219i cre\u0219terii influxului de Na + ", "4. Au praguri de excitabilitate diferite, cel mai sc\u0103zu t prag fiind pentru gustul dulce " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la mecanismul fotoreceptor de la nivelul celulelor cu bastona\u0219 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Energia unei singure cuante de lumin\u0103 poate descompun e scotopsina \u00een retinen \u0219i opsina caracteristic\u0103 ", "2. Sub influen\u021ba luminii, trans-retinalul se transform\u0103 \u00een cis-retinal, iar opsina r\u0103m\u00e2ne nemodificat\u0103 ", "3. Descompunerea pigmentului vizual din citoplasma baston a\u0219elor determin\u0103 modific\u0103ri ale permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranare ", "4. Modificarea conductan\u021bei ionice determin\u0103 apari\u021bia poten\u021bialului de receptor la nivelul fotoreceptorul ui " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre corpusculii Vater-Paci ni sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Au rol de proprioceptori sensibili la mi\u0219c\u0103ri rapide , vibra\u021bii, modific\u0103ri de presiune ", "2. Sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een capsule articulare, ligamente, pe riost ", "3. Au rol de exteroceptori sensibili la deformarea \u0219i \u00een tinderea tegumentului ", "4. Sunt cei mai mici corpusculi senzitivi, cu localizare hipodermic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hormonii estrogeni sunt:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Secreta\u021bi de foliculii ovarieni \u00een etapa preo vulatorie ", " 2. Reprezenta\u021bi de estradiol, estriol, estron\u0103 ", " 3. Sintetiza\u021bi de corpul galben \u00een etapa postovul atorie ", " 4. Denumi\u021bi \u0219i foliculin\u0103, secre\u021bia lor fiind con trolat\u0103 de FSH " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre ionul de Na +:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Se reabsoarbe activ \u00een tubii distali \u0219i colectori, sub influen\u021ba hormonului antidiuretic ", "2. Prin reabsorb\u021bie, genereaz\u0103 un gradient osmotic n ecesar reabsorb\u021biei apei ", "3. Se secret\u0103 activ la nivelul nefonilor prin schimb ionic cu K +, sub influen\u021ba aldosteronului ", "4. \u00cen repaus este expulzat la exteriorul celulei, pri n pompa Na +-K+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor includ ur m\u0103toarele structuri:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Lemniscul medial, pentru sensibilitatea propriocept iv\u0103 de control al mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "2. Lemniscul trigeminal, pentru sensibilitatea proprio ceptiv\u0103 a capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului ", "3. Tractul solitar, pentru sensibilitatea olfactiv\u0103 ", "4. Lemniscul lateral, pentru sensibilitatea auditiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Preciza\u021bi afirma\u021biile adev\u0103rate privind compone ntele ochiului:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Corneea este transparent\u0103, avascular\u0103, cu numeroase termina\u021bii nervoase ", "2. Corpul ciliar are raport posterior cu ora serrata ", "3. Irisul apar\u021bine tunicii medii \u0219i delimiteaz\u0103 poster ior camera anterioar\u0103 ", "4. Sclerotica este o membran\u0103 elastic\u0103, alb-sidefie \u0219i opa c\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Labirintul membranos con\u021bine urm\u0103toarele elemen te structurale:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Membrana vestibular\u0103 Reissner, care separ\u0103 melcul m embranos de rampa vestibular\u0103 ", "2. Canalul cohlear, ce con\u021bine organul Corti cu pro toneuronul c\u0103ii auditive ", "3. Membrana bazilar\u0103, aflat\u0103 \u00een continuarea lamei sp irale osoase ", "4. Vestibulul membranos, alc\u0103tuit din utricul\u0103 inferi or \u0219i sacul\u0103 superior " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La nivelul membranei celulare:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Glucidele sunt localizate pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103r cate pozitiv ", "2. Straturile hidrofile ale fosfolipidelor sunt local izate spre citoplasm\u0103 \u0219i spre mediul extracelular ", "3. Por\u021biunea hidrofob\u0103 a fosfolipidelor permite pasaj ul liber al ionilor ", "4. Proteinele \u0219i colesterolul pot fi scufundate \u00een str aturile de fosfolipide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sinapsele chimice prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele propriet \u0103\u021bi structurale:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Componenta presinaptic\u0103 este butonul terminal al u nui axon ", "2. Impulsul nervos este condus unidirec\u021bional ", "3. Componenta postsinaptic\u0103 poate fi neurilema sau sar colema ", "4. Impulsul nervos este condus bidirec\u021bional " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Asocia\u021bi urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besut epitelial cu localizarea acestora:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Secretor, cu organizare \u00een cordoane \u2013 \u00een zona pe riferic\u0103 a CSR ", "2. Senzorial \u2013 \u00een epiteliul gustativ, auditiv, tegum entar \u0219i vestibular ", "3. Pseudostratificat \u2013 \u00een mucoasa bronhiolelor ", "4. Cilindric unistratificat cu microvili - \u00een mucoas a intestinului sub\u021bire " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fasciculul corticospinal anterior:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Are origine \u00een arii motorii corticale \u0219i subcorticale ", "2. Se termin\u0103 \u00een cordoanele anterioare, pe neuronii som atomotori ", "3. Se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een bulb, la nivelul decusa\u021biei piram idale ", "4. Are traseu direct prin cordonul medular anterior " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii simpatice:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Relaxarea sfincterului anal \u0219i vezical intern ", "2. Stimularea lipolizei \u0219i inhibarea glicogenolizei hep atice ", "3. Dilatarea vaselor sanguine din corpii caverno\u0219i ", "4. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor netezi ai canalelor deferente " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Lizozomii:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Sunt vezicule delimitate de membrane duble ", "2. Asigur\u0103 digestia intracelular\u0103 a proteinelor, glucide lor, lipidelor ", "3. Se g\u0103sesc \u00een num\u0103r mare \u00een macrofage \u0219i \u00een osteoblaste ", "4. Sus\u021bin rolul fagocitar al unor tipuri de nevroglii \u0219ial unor elemente figurate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Glucorticoizii determin\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei de HCl \u0219i pepsinogen ", "2. Modific\u0103ri ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la stimuli olfactivi \u0219i g ustativi ", "3. Cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de plachete sanguine ", "4. Modific\u0103ri EEG \u0219i stimularea SRAA " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nucleii somatomotori ai nervilor cranieni din mezen cefal:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Primesc aferen\u021be de la nucleii vestibulari bulbari ", "2. Trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre 10 mu\u0219chi extrinseci oculari ", "3. Primesc aferen\u021be de la neocortexul motor ", "4. Trimit eferen\u021be la mu\u0219chii irisului \u0219i ai corpului cil iar " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Prezint\u0103 acela\u0219i mecanism de producere \u00een toate celulele excitabile ale organismului uman ", "B. Presupune eflux de K+ prin canale speciale care se deschid \u00een absen\u021ba stimulului, \u00een timpul repolariz\u0103rii ", "C. Implic\u0103 deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru Na+, de-a lungul pantei descendente ", "D. Poate avea valori inferioare \u00een celulele unor viscere cu activitate spontan\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de neuronii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre c\u0103ile de conducere ale sistemului nervos central este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Fasciculele ascendente au or iginea doar \u00een ganglioni sau \u00een substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", "B. Pot fi nespecifice ( din substan\u021ba reticulat\u0103 metatalamic\u0103) sau specifice fiec\u0103rui tip de sensibilitate ", "C. Toate fasciculele descendente au deutoneuronul la nivelul cornului anterior medular ", "D. Cele extrapiramidale trec \u00een afara pirami delor bulbare, \u00een traie ctul lor descendent spre m\u0103duv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Fasciculul rubrospinal:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Apar\u021bine c\u0103ilor descendente care controleaz\u0103 motilit atea voluntar \u0103 ", "B. Are originea \u00een nuclei situa\u021bi \u00een etajul pedunculilor cerebrali ", "C. Prezint\u0103 traiect direct p\u00e2n\u0103 la motoneuronii din coarnele anterioare medulare ", "D. Controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii extensori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Ganglionii juxtaviscerali:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Sunt punct de plecare pentru fibre postganglionare lungi \u0219i amielinice ", "B. Sunt ganglioni terminali \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse noncolinergice ", "C. Reprezint\u0103 un grup de corpi neuronali localiza\u021bi \u00een apropierea unor efectori ", "D. Sunt punct de plecare pentru fibr ele care formeaz\u0103 nervii pelvici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Nervii glosofaringieni con\u021bin fibre :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Somatosenzitive, care inerveaz\u0103 mucoasa amigdalei palatine ", "B. Visceromotorii, care se distribuie \u00een zonele reflexogene cardiovasculare ", "C. Senzoriale, care deservesc acela\u0219i tip de papile ca \u0219i nervul V ", "D. Somatomotorii, care determin\u0103 ridicarea v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i laringelui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre sistemul limbic este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Are forma unui arc de cerc dispus \u00een jurul diencefalului , pe fa\u021ba lateral\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", "B. Prezint\u0103 conexiuni \u00eentinse cu unii nuclei metatalamici ", "C. Intervine \u00een func\u021bia de recompens\u0103 -pedeaps\u0103, pe baza c\u0103reia se elaboreaz\u0103 motiva\u021bii interne ", "D. Include hipocampul \u0219i girusul angular (aria 39 Brodman) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Lezarea ariei somestezice I din emisfera dominant\u0103 la dreptaci are ca efect :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Imposibilitatea recunoa\u0219terii apartenen\u021bei la propriul corp a jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bii contralaterale ", "B. Dispari\u021bia sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice deservite de fasiculele cordonului medular posterior st\u00e2ng ", "C. Pierderea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii de control a mi\u0219c\u0103rii din jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 a corpului ", "D. Dispari\u021bia senza\u021biilor tactile epicritice pentru jum\u0103tatea contralateral\u0103 a corpului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile aferente ale reflexelor presoare cardiovasculare au originea \u00een ganglioni :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Senzitivi anexa\u021bi nervului glosofaringian ", "B. Paravertebrali cervico -dorsali ", "C. Cu neuroni pseudounipolari din zona toracal\u0103 ", "D. Extranevraxiali ata\u0219a\u021bi nervului vag " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Nervul pneumogastric \u0219i glosofaringian prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Prezint\u0103 fibre somatosenzitive implicate \u00een perceperea gustului ", "B. Pot fi conecta\u021bi cu baroreceptori din sistemul aortic ", "C. Au fibre preganglionare care descarc\u0103 acetilcolin\u0103 \u00eentr -un ganglion previsceral ", "D. Con\u021bin fibre ce str\u0103bat \u00een mod descendent diafragma " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Care dintre urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice sunt inervate de ramura oftalmic\u0103 a nervului trigemen:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Tegumentul pleoapei superioare , tegumentul regiunii malare, conjunctiva ", "B. Mucoasa nazal\u0103 \u0219i a sinusurilor, tegumentul regi unii frontale ", "C. Corneea, tegumentul pleoapei inferioare, palatul moale, glandele lacrimale ", "D. Conjunctiva, t egumentul regiunii temporale \u0219i al pavilionului urechii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bilor tactile:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Originea f asciculel or ce deservesc aceste sensibilit\u0103\u021bi la nivelul cornul ui posterior medular ", "B. Dispunerea lateral\u0103 a fasciculelor de proiec\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de fasciculele descendente , la nivel medular ", "C. Originea la nivelul unor mecanoreceptori de la care conduc impulsuri c\u0103tre lobul parietal ", "D. Localizarea protoneuronului de tip pseudounipolar \u00een ganglionul de pe ramura dorsal\u0103 spinal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Reflexul de \u00eenghi\u021bire este cel mai probabil afectat \u00een cazul unei leziuni de la nivelul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Structurii a natomice unde decuseaz\u0103 calea piramidal\u0103 ", "B. Segme ntului medular unde se afl\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103 cina unui nerv cranian motor ", "C. Regiunii unde se afl\u0103 originea real\u0103 a nervului facial ", "D. Structura nervoas\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 sediul comportamentelor instincti ve " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Cu privire la segmentele analizatorului vizual este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Stratul retinian al fibrelor optice se \u00eenvecineaz\u0103 cu m embrana limitant\u0103 extern\u0103 ", "B. Nervul optic emite colaterale c\u0103tre coliculii superiori pentru reflexele oculocefalogire ", "C. Tractul optic st\u00e2ng deserve\u0219te partea dreapt\u0103 a c\u00e2mpului vizual monocular st\u00e2ng ", "D. Corpii genicula\u021bi externi emit radia\u021bii optice care ajung pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103 a lobilor occipital i " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre receptorii analizatorului kinestezic:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. TNL-urile din capsula articular\u0103 recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 stimuli durero\u0219i , modific\u0103ri de presiune \u0219i vibra\u021bii ", "B. Corpusculii Golgi includ fibre nervoase mielinice care se demielinizeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 ie\u0219irea din tendon ", "C. Corpu culii Pacini sunt stimula\u021bi de varia\u021bii de pozi \u021bie \u0219i de mi\u0219care a oaselor \u00een cadrul articula\u021biei ", "D. Fusurile neuromusculare sunt receptori ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii proprioceptive de reglare a mi\u0219c\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind afec\u021biunile analizatorilor:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Trahomul este o boal\u0103 contagioas\u0103, care netratat\u0103 poate duce la orbire ", "B. Foliculita se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin inflama\u021bia purulent\u0103 a foliculului pilosebaceu ", "C. Stafilococii \u00df-hemolitici determi n\u0103 apari\u021bia granulomului piogen ", "D. Corizele sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de secre\u021bii mucopurulente \u0219i de diminuarea mirosului \u0219i auzului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Suprafa\u021ba c\u00e2mpului receptor este direct propor\u021bional\u0103 cu densitatea receptorilor din regiune ", "B. Receptorii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii epicritice au c\u00e2mpul receptor mai mic fa\u021b\u0103 de cei ai sensibilit\u0103\u021bii protopatice ", "C. Stratul reticular al dermului con\u021bine fibre reticulare \u0219i fibre elastice, grupate \u00een fascicule groase ", "D. Epidermul este un epiteliu pluristratificat keratinizat hr\u0103nit prin osmoz\u0103 din lichidul intracelular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre mecanismul recep\u021biei auditive se poate afirma:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Celulele care delimiteaz\u0103 tunelul Corti recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 e nergia mecanic\u0103 a sunetelor ", "B. Depolarizarea celulelor senzoriale auditive scade frecven\u021ba poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune ", "C. Cilii auditivi sufer\u0103 deform\u0103ri mecanice la contactul cu membrana tectoria ", "D. Mijlocul membranei bazilare rezoneaz\u0103 la sunete cu frecven\u021be medii (7 000 - 15000 c/s) " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sensibilitatea durer oas\u0103 a tegumentului fe\u021bei este transmis\u0103 c\u0103tre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Fasciculul spinotalamic lateral care are traiect prin cordonul lateral medular de partea opus\u0103 ", "B. Lemniscul trigeminal cu origini \u00een diferi\u021bi nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral ", "C. Fibre senzitive cu origine \u00een ganglionul situat pe fa\u021ba anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii temporalului ", "D. Fibre senzitive ale nervului cranian cu origine \u00een ganglionul extranevraxial geniculat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Emisferele cerebrale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Fisura lateral\u0103 Sylvius \u00eencepe pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103, izol\u00e2nd lobul temporal ", "B. \u0218an\u021bul olfactiv se afl\u0103 pe fa\u021ba medial\u0103 \u0219i ad\u0103poste\u0219te bulbul olfactiv ", "C. Ventriculii laterali I \u0219i II comunic\u0103 \u00eentre ei prin orificii interventriculare ", "D. Girul hipocampic se afl\u0103 pe fa\u021ba bazal\u0103, \u00een lobul temporo -occipital " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Secre\u021bia de p rolactin\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Este stimulat\u0103 de sarcin\u0103, de hiperglicemie \u0219i de stresul psihic sau chirurgical ", "B. Este inhibat\u0103 de dopamina hipotalamic\u0103 \u0219i stimulat\u0103 , temporar , mecanic ", "C. Controleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia glandei mamare, sensibilizat\u0103 de estrogeni \u0219i androgeni ", "D. Este controlat\u0103 de neurosecre\u021biile nucleilor supraoptic \u0219i paraventricular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi ac\u021biunile /efectele hormonilor tiroidieni:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Men\u021bin secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o neurosecre\u021bie adenohipofizar\u0103 ", "B. Activeaz\u0103 lipazele \u0219i mecanismele hepatice care \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 colesterolul din s\u00e2nge ", "C. Stimuleaz\u0103 catabolismul glucidic, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd nivelul plasmatic al glucozei ", "D. Cresc reten\u021bia de azot, intensific\u00e2nd catabolismul proteinelor plasmatice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Sindromul Cushing \u2013 obezitate, hipotensiune arterial\u0103, hiperglicemie ", "B. Boala Based ow-Graves \u2013 hipersudora\u021bii, sc\u0103 derea frecven\u021bei cardiace ", "C. Ca\u0219exia hipofizar\u0103 \u2013 cre\u0219terea temperaturii corpului, atrofii ale organelor ", "D. Boala Recklinghausen \u2013 calcific\u0103ri \u00een organele cu \u021besuturi moi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 privind ac\u021biunile /efectele metabolice ale hormonilor glucocorticoizi:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Determin\u0103 hiperglicemie prin stimularea la nivel hepatic a gluconeogenezei \u0219i glicogenogenezei ", "B. Scad permeabilitat ea tubilor distali ai nefronilor pentru ap\u0103, stimul\u00e2nd elimin\u0103rile de ap\u0103 ", "C. Scad absorb\u021bia lipidelor \u0219i cresc secre\u021bia de acid clorhidric \u0219i pepsinogen ", "D. Cresc elimin\u0103rile de azot prin stimularea catabolismului proteic \u00een mu\u0219chii scheletici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre timus este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Este un or gan bilobat situat \u00een spatele aortei , cu rol de gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la pubertate ", "B. Include corpusculii Hassal, care intervin \u00een maturarea func\u021bional\u0103 a timocitelor ", "C. Are ca unitatea histologic\u0103 lobul timic format dintr -o re\u021bea de limfocite T imature ", "D. Secret\u0103 timocrescin\u0103 care are ac\u021biune sinergic\u0103 cu a hormonilor sexuali postpuberal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 ac\u021biuni/ efecte ale mineraloc orticoizilor , pe termen lung :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Gluconeogenez\u0103 la nivel hepatic \u0219i renal ", "B. Supresia sistemului imun itar ", "C. Cre\u0219terea volumului plasmatic \u0219i a tensiunii arteriale ", "D. Reten\u021bi a de ap\u0103 \u0219i potasiu \u00een organism " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni au efect catabolizant pe metabolismul proteic:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. ACTH -ul \u0219i LTH-ul indirect ", "B. Cortizolul \u0219i hormonii sexosteroizi ", "C. Adrenalina \u0219i testosteronul ", "D. Glucagonul \u0219i triiodotironina , la adult " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Boala Conn se poate caracteriza prin:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Sl\u0103biciune muscular\u0103, pigmenta\u021bie bronzat\u0103 ", "B. Hiponatremie, hiperpotasemie, edeme ", "C. Cre\u0219terea aciduriei sau a potasuriei ", "D. Sc\u0103derea reabsorb\u021biei Na+ din urin\u0103 \u0219i saliv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre d iabetul zaharat se poate afirma c\u0103 :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Are manifest\u0103ri comune cu ale diabetului insipid \u00een cazul metabolismului glucidic ", "B. Poate fi asociat cu hipersecre\u021bia zonei fasciculate a corticosuprarenalei ", "C. Se manifest\u0103, \u00een forme grave, \u0219i prin cetoacidoz\u0103 (acumulare de corpi cetonici \u0219i cre\u0219terea pH-ului) ", "D. Poate fi una din manifest\u0103rile glaucomului, cataractei, retinopatiei diabetice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Hipofiza \u0219i tiroida au origine embriologic\u0103 comun\u0103 , deriv\u00e2nd din foi\u021b\u0103 ectodermic\u0103 ", "B. Activitatea epifizei este dependent\u0103 de propria sa i nerva\u021bie vegetativ\u0103 simpatic\u0103 ", "C. Secre\u021bia celulelor alfa pancreatice este independent\u0103 de controlul nervos vegetativ ", "D. Adenohipofiza este controlat\u0103 de nuclei hipotalamici cu rol de integrare simpatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "FSH-ul are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul zonei medulare a ovarului ", "B. Prezint\u0103 un nivel al secre\u021biei superior nivelului LH-ului, pe toat\u0103 durata fazei foliculare ", "C. Are secre\u021bia inhibat\u0103 de vasotocin\u0103 \u0219i de prolactin\u0103 ", "D. Este un hormon gonadotrop de natur\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ce stimuleaz\u0103 gametogeneza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Centrozomul:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Este situat \u00een apropierea nucleului ", "2. Lipse\u0219te \u00een neuron \u0219i enterocit ", "3. Se manifest\u0103 \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", "4. Este alc\u0103tuit din doi centrioli sferici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre excitabilitate putem afirma:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Caracterizeaz\u0103 toate celulele umane ", "2. Depinde de propriet\u0103\u021bile membranei ", "3. Asigur\u0103 r\u0103spunsul celulei la stimuli ", "4. Este o proprietate specific\u0103 celulei nervoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Termenul de \u201eganglion\u201d sau derivatele acestuia desemneaz\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. O grupare de corpi neuronali situat\u0103 \u00een sistemul nervos periferic ", "2. Anumite mase de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie care contribuie la constituirea c\u0103ilor extrapiramidale ", "3. Celulele nervoase care reprezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 a nervului optic ", "4. Anumite structuri nervoase care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca centri nervo\u0219i extranevraxiali " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Structuri le de la nivelul orbitei primesc inerva\u021bie, direct sau indirect, de la :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Nucleii vestibulari ", "2. Nucleii visceromotori ai nervilor III, VII ", "3. Coliculii superiori ", "4. Nucleii somatomotori III, IV, VI " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Intensitatea senza\u021biilor olfactive:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i de starea fiziologic\u0103 a organismului ", "2. Este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu concentra\u021bia substan\u021bei odorante ", "3. Depinde de acomodarea mucoasei olfactive \u0219i de umiditatea acesteia ", "4. Este sc\u0103zut\u0103 dac\u0103 pragul de sensibilitate fa\u021b\u0103 de stimul este ridicat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt direct propor\u021bionale cu intensitatea s timulului care le genereaz\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Poten\u021bialul de receptor ", "2. For\u021ba de contrac\u021bie a mu\u0219chiului striat ", "3. Cantitatea de mediator eliberat\u0103 \u00een fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", "4. Conducerea influxul nervos \u00eentr -un axon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la ramurile nervilor spinali:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Ramura comunicant\u0103 cenu\u0219ie con\u0163ine fibre postganglionare parasimpatice amielinice ", "2. Ramura meningeal\u0103 con\u021bine fibre nervoase vegetative pentru meningele cerebrale ", "3. Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 con\u0163ine fibre viscerosenzitive preganglionare mielinice ", "4. Ramurile ventrale toracale au distribu\u021bie metameric\u0103 \u0219i formeaz\u0103 nervii intercostali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La elaborarea unui reflex condi\u021bionat trebuie s\u0103 se respecte urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Stimulul absolut s\u0103 \u00eel precead\u0103 pe cel indiferent ", "2. Instinctul alimentar s\u0103 fie dominant \u00een timpul asocierii stimulilor ", "3. S\u0103 se realizeze maxim 10 \u0219edin\u021be de repetare ", "4. Stimulul absolut s\u0103 se asocieze cu cel indiferent " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Reflexul palpebral:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Este un reflex somatic din trunchiul cerebral ", "2. Const\u0103 \u00een \u00eenchiderea pleoapei la atingerea corneei ", "3. Are centrul nervos \u00een nucleul motor al facialului ", "4. Are centrul nervos \u00een c oliculii cvadrigemeni superiori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Nucleul Edinger -Westphal reprezint\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. Originea real\u0103 pentru fibrele visceromotorii care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii radiari ai irisului ", "2. Un nucleu vegetativ ce apar\u021bine nervului oculomotor ", "3. Originea real\u0103 pentr u fibre soma tomotorii care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chi intrinseci ai globului ocular ", "4. Centrul nervos al reflexului pupilar fotomotor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 asocieri corecte:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Plex prevertebral \u2013 plexul esofagian ", "2. Plexul brahial \u2013 ramuri ventrale ale nervilor spinali ", "3. Plex previsceral \u2013 plexul mezenteric inferior ", "4. Plex intramur al \u2013 \u00een pere\u021bii tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 este lezat cordonul anterior st\u00e2ng la nivelul m\u0103duvei cervicale:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Dispare sensibilitatea epicritic\u0103 la nivelul membrelor superioare ", "2. Este afectat\u0103 sensibilitatea proprioceptiv\u0103 la nivelul membrelor inferioare ", "3. Sunt afectate \u00een totalitate c omenzile voluntare pornite din emisfera st\u00e2ng\u0103 ", "4. Dispare sensibilitate a protopatic\u0103 a membrelor superior \u0219i inferior din partea dreapt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sistemul nervos vegetativ parasimpatic exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Contrac\u021bia sfincterului cardia ", "2. Relaxarea veziculelor seminale ", "3. Contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului sfincter al irisului ", "4. Relaxarea mu\u0219chiului detrusor ve zical " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Inhibi\u021bia de \u00eent\u00e2rziere :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Este un tip de inhibi\u021bie condi\u021bionat\u0103 ", "2. Apare \u00een interiorul focarului subcortical activ ", "3. Este specific\u0103 scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", "4. Este determinat\u0103 de stimuli din afara focarul ui cortical " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Contrac\u021bia unui mu\u0219chi striat poate fi ini\u021biat\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Stimularea neuronilor alfa din coarnele anterioare medulare ", "2. \u00centinderea por\u021biunilor periferice a le fibrelor intrafusale anulospirale \u0219i \u00een floare ", "3. \u00centinderea \u0219i activarea fusurilor neuromuscular e ", "4. Contrac\u021bia regiunii centrale a fibrelor intrafusale cu sac \u0219i cu lan\u021b nuclear " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Acomodarea, \u00een raport cu distan\u021ba la care este privit un obiect , se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Elasticit\u0103\u021bii cristalinului ", "2. Mu\u0219chiului ciliar circular ", "3. Aparatului suspensor al cristalinului ", "4. Mu\u0219chilor extrinseci oblici interni \u0219i externi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Axonii celulelor mitrale:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Sinapseaz\u0103 cu celule le granulare din bulbul rahidian ", "2. Se de spart \u0219i o parte trec \u00een tractul contralateral ", "3. Formeaz\u0103 nervul olfactiv care se termin\u0103 \u00een aria olfactiv\u0103 ", "4. Pot ajunge \u00een nucleii habenulari unde se \u00eenchid reflexele olfactivo -somatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "C\u00e2nd ochiul prive\u0219te la o distan\u021b\u0103 mai mare de 6 m:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Cristalinul prezint\u0103 o raz\u0103 de curbur\u0103 crescut\u0103 ", "2. Ligamentul suspensor este relaxat ", "3. Puterea de convergen\u021b\u0103 a cristalinului scade la valoarea minim\u0103 ", "4. Tensiunea din cristaloid\u0103 scade " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la fiziologia analizatorul ui vestibular:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Receptorii maculari controleaz\u0103 viteza de deplasare a capului \u0219i corpului ", "2. Crestele ampulare particip\u0103 la men\u021binerea echilibrului \u00een condi\u021biile acceler\u0103rilor liniare ", "3. Macula sacular\u0103 detecteaz\u0103 accelera\u021bia orizontal\u0103, iar cea utricular\u0103 accelera\u021bia vertical\u0103 ", "4. Contribuie la reglarea echilibrului al\u0103turi de analizatorii vizual, cutanat \u0219i kinestezic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi func\u021biile receptorilor cutana\u021bi:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Corpusculii Ruffini detecteaz\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mare ", "2. Corpusculii Meissner detecte az\u0103 vibra\u021bii cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 ", "3. Corpusculii Krause detecteaz\u0103 presiuni slabe ", "4. Corpusculii Pacini detecteaz\u0103 presiuni \u0219i \u00eentinderi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre hipotalamus sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Controleaz\u0103 prin intermediul unor nuclei secre\u021bia adenocitelor ", "2. Intervine \u00een expu lzia f\u0103tului datorit\u0103 secr e\u021biei nucleului paraventricular ", "3. Formeaz\u0103 o unitate func\u021bion al\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu sistemul limbic ", "4. Este implicat \u00een men\u021binerea homeostaziei \u0219i homeotermi ei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La adul\u021bi, hipotiroidismul se manifest\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Deficien\u021be de memorie ", "2. P\u0103r sub\u021bire \u0219i friabil ", "3. Dureri articulare ", "4. Edem mucos, piele uscat\u0103 \u0219i cald\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La nivelul organelor hematopoietice \u0219i a sistemului imun, glucocorticoizii produc urm\u0103toarele efecte/ac\u021biuni:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Cresc num\u0103rul de limfocite circulante ", "2. Cresc num\u0103rul de neutrofile \u0219i eritrocite ", "3. Cresc num\u0103rul de plachete \u0219i bazofile ", "4. Cresc stab ilitatea membranelor lizozomale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Determin\u0103 glicogenoliz\u0103 at\u00e2t la nivel hepatic c\u00e2t \u0219i la nivel muscular :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Hormonii tiroidieni ", "2. Glucagonul ", "3. Glucocorticoizii ", "4. Adrenalina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Mineralocorticoizii:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. Sunt secreta\u021bi de zona glomerular\u0103 a corticosuprarenalei ", "2. Au sec re\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune \u0219i hiponatremie ", "3. Sunt secreta\u021bi de partea glandei suprarenale care are origine mezodermic\u0103 ", "4. Determin\u0103, \u00een hipersecre\u021bie, absorb\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 de Cl- \u0219i HCO 3 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Hormonii estrogeni exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte/ac\u021biuni metabolice:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Stimuleaz\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u0219i a sodiului \u00een organism ", "2. Scad concentra\u021bia glucozei \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "3. Stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103 \u0219i mineralizarea osoas\u0103 ", "4. Determin\u0103 apari\u021bia caracterelor sexuale secundare la femeie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierile corecte:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Insulina \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 lipogeneza \u00een hepatocite ", "2. LH \u2013 determin\u0103 ovogeneza la femeie ", "3. T4, T3 \u2013 cresc frecven\u021ba mi\u0219c\u0103rilor respiratorii ", "4. Melatonina \u2013 stimuleaz\u0103 dezvoltarea gonadelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Adrenalina \u0219i acetilcolina :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Sunt substan\u021be active de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103 ", "2. Mediaz\u0103 sinapse neuroefectoare cu fibre netede ", "3. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 intranevraxial sau extranevraxial ", "4. Pot ac\u021biona at\u00e2t ca hormoni c\u00e2t \u0219i ca mediatori chimici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Adrenalina:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Apar\u021bine catecolaminelor \u0219i moduleaz\u0103 r\u0103spunsul la factorul stresant pe termen scurt ", "2. Are ac\u021biune calorigen\u0103 determin\u00e2nd cre\u0219terea metabolismului bazal , la fel ca tiroxina ", "3. Poate fi eliberat\u0103 d in butonii fibrelor simpatice care conduc impulsuri cu vitez\u0103 mic\u0103 ", "4. Poate ac\u021biona a supra celulelor \u021bint\u0103 prin declan\u0219area sintezei de ARNm \u0219i de proteine " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Vasopresina :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Poate influen\u021ba activitatea rinichiului, colonului, glandelor salivare \u0219i sudoripare ", "2. Are secre\u021bia stimulat\u0103 de hipotensiune , hipovolemie, alcool \u0219i durere ", "3. Men\u021bine volemia \u00een limite normale a l\u0103turi de aldosteron \u0219i hormonii glucocorticoizi ", "4. Este secretat\u0103 \u0219i eliberat\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge de c\u0103tre celulele pituitice din neurohipofiz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la calea optic\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Conduce impulsuri declan\u0219ate de ac\u021biunea radia\u021biei de 700 nm asupra unor neuroni unipolari ", "B. Tractul optic se termin\u0103 \u00een lobul occipital, pe marginile scizurii calcarine ", "C. Neuronii bipolari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni cu celulele fotoreceptoare din stratul intern al retinei ", "D. Corpii genicula\u021bi laterali sunt structuri mezencefalice, con\u021bin originea radia\u021bii lor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte cu privire la limb\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Este inervat\u0103 senzorial de nervii VII, IX, XI ", "B. Papilele filiforme au muguri gustativi pentru percep\u021bia gustului amar ", "C. Particip\u0103 la degluti\u021bie ", "D. Este inervat\u0103 senzitiv de nervul hipoglos " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Corpului uman este caracterizat de urmatoarele aspecte :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Corpul uman este alc\u0103tuit din cap, g\u00e2t, torace \u1e63i membre ", "B. Capul \u00eempreuna cu toracele alc\u0103tuiesc extremitatea cefalic\u0103 ", "C. Capul este format din cutia cranian\u0103 care ad\u0103poste \u1e63te organele SNC si scheletul fe\u021bei ", "D. G\u00e2tul prezint\u0103 o regiune posterioar\u0103, nucal\u0103, format\u0103 din elemente somatice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Organitele specifice :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Corpii Nissl sunt echivalen\u021bi ai reticulului endoplasmatic rugos pentru celula nervoas\u0103 ", "B. Centrozomul este un organit specific ", "C. Miofibrilele sunt elemente contractile din sarcolema fibrelor musculare ", "D. Neurofibrilele lipsesc din prelungirile neuronale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este declan\u015fat prin func\u0163ionarea pompei de Na+ - K+, care scoate 3 Na+ \u015fi introduce 2 K+ ", "B. prezint\u0103 v\u00e2rful pantei ascendente cu valoare negativ\u0103 pentru celula miocardului ventricular ", "C. prezint\u0103 o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103, care se datoreaz\u0103 ie\u0219irii Na+ din celul\u0103 ", "D. poate fi generat \u00een zona postsinaptic\u0103 dac\u0103 poten\u0163ialul postsinaptic dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte un " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Stimularea SNV pa rasimpatic cranian nu produce:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Bronhoconstric\u0163ie \u0219i stimularea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", "B. Secre\u021bie de saliv\u0103 mult\u0103 \u015fi apoas\u0103 ", "C. Contrac\u021bia detrusorului vezical ", "D. Relaxarea sfincterului piloric " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fasciculul spinotalamic lateral :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Are originea \u00een ganglionul spinal ", "B. Se termin\u0103 \u00een neuronii talamici de partea opus\u0103 originii sale ", "C. Are originea \u00een cornul posterior al m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii, de aceea\u0219i parte cu cordonul \u00een care se afl\u0103 ", "D. Se termin\u0103 \u00een aria somestezic\u0103 primar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Reflexul de \u00eentindere este declan\u0219at prin :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Stimularea motoneuronilor \u03b1 din coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "B. Stimularea motoneuronilor \u03b3 \u0219i scurtarea capetelor contractile ale fibrelor intrafusale ", "C. Stimularea fibrelor motorii ale neuronilor din ganglionul spinal ", "D. Stimularea concomitent\u0103 a neuronilor \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b3 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i propriet\u0103\u0163ile fiziologice ale organitelor celulare comune:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. mitocondriile au enzime hidrolitice care realizeaz\u0103 fosforilarea oxidativ\u0103 la nivelul crestelor ", "B. corpusculii sferici din hialoplasm\u0103 asigur\u0103 digestia fragmentelor de celule \u015fi \u0163esuturi ", "C. centrozomul este format din doi centrioli cilidrici, orienta\u0163i perpendicular unul pe cel\u0103lalt ", "D. dictiozomii reprezint\u0103 un sistem membranar de micro, macrovezicule \u015fi cisterne " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u0162esutul cartilaginos hialin este prezent la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri, cu excep\u0163ia:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. cartilajelor costale \u015fi laringiale ", "B. cartilajele de articula\u0163ie ", "C. cartilajele traheale ", "D. discurile intervertebrale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele mitrale:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Sunt inhibate de celulele granulare din bulbii olfactivi ", "B. Axonii lor str\u0103bat lama ciuruit\u0103 a etmoidului ", "C. Emit axoni care formeaz\u0103 nervul olfactiv \u015fi trimit eferen\u0163e spre paleocortex ", "D. Trimit colaterale care trec prin hipotalamus spre lobul piriform al sistemului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fasciculele descendente care se \u00eencruci\u015feaz\u0103 \u015fi apar\u0163in cordonului lateral sunt:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Fasciculul tectospinal ", "B. Fasciculul nigrospinal ", "C. Fasciculul olivospinal ", "D. Fasciculul rubrospinal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adevarate, cu excep\u021bia :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Organele sunt formate din grup\u0103ri de celule \u015fi \u0163esuturi ", "B. Primul nivel de organizare al corpului uman este cel al moleculelor ", "C. Stomacul se g\u0103se\u015fte la st\u00e2nga ficatului \u015f i cranial fa\u0163\u0103 de colonul transvers ", "D. Diafragma perineal\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 caudal cavitatea pelvian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Planurile corpului :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Cel care trece prin mijlocul corpului (medial), se numeste sagital ", "B. Cel care este vertical \u015fi trece prin axul sagital se nume\u015fte frontal ", "C. \u00cempart corpul \u00een p\u0103r\u0163i asimetrice ", "D. Cel orizontal se mai nume\u015fte al metameriei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici structurale :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. substan\u021ba cenusie, localizat\u0103 profund fa\u021b\u0103 de substa\u021ba alb\u0103, cu aspect de coarne \u00een sec\u021biune longitudinal\u0103 ", "B. comisura alb\u0103 situat\u0103 anterior de comisura cenu \u1e63ie ", "C. coarne laterale vizibile \u00ee n regiunea lombosacrata ", "D. importan\u021ba \u00een realizarea reflexelor somatice monosinaptice dar \u1e63i a celor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleii so litari realizeaz\u0103 conexiuni directe cu :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. receptorii gustativi ", "B. girusul postcentral din lobul parietal ", "C. nucleii talamici de partea opus\u0103 ", "D. dendritele neuronilor din ganglionii nervilor VII, IX, X " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cavitatea abdominal\u0103 este caracterizat\u0103 de urm\u0103toarele aspecte :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Este separat\u0103 de cea pelvian\u0103 prin diafragma perineal\u0103 ", "B. Prezint\u0103 epigastrul situat superior de regiunea periombilical\u0103 ", "C. Ad\u0103poste\u015fte colonul descendent \u00een abdomenul lateral drept ", "D. Con\u0163 ine splina \u00een hipocondrul drept " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Rinita alergic\u0103 peren\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Str\u0103nut, prurit, rinoree \u015fi conjunctivit\u0103 ", "B. Este cauzat\u0103 de alergeni reprezenta\u0163i de diferite tipuri de polen ", "C. Este determinat\u0103 de infec\u0163ii virale ", "D. Congestie nazal\u0103 \u015fi secre\u0163ii nazale purulente " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Canalul vertebral con\u0163ine urm\u0103toarele structuri :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. ramurile dorsal\u0103 \u015fi ventral\u0103 a nervilor spinali ", "B. r\u0103d\u0103cina posterioar\u0103 cu excep\u0163ia ganglionului spinal ", "C. m\u0103duva spin\u0103 rii, r\u0103d\u0103cinile nervului spinal \u0219i ganglionului spinal ", "D. filum terminale prezent de la nivelul vertebrelor toracale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Axul sagital :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Face parte dint r-un plan orizontal dar nu apar\u021b ine niciunui plan vertical ", "B. Are un pol ventral numit \u1e63i cranial ", "C. Str\u0103bate planul frontal ", "D. Poate s\u0103 fie folosit pentru a preciza pozi\u021bia inimii fa\u021b\u0103 de stern " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt adevar\u0103te urmatoarele afirma\u0163ii :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Regiunile inghinale sunt localizate lateral \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de regiunea periombilical\u0103 ", "B. Hipocondrul este lateral fa\u0163\u0103 de epigastru \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de abdomenul lateral ", "C. Epigastrul este pozi\u0163ionat medial \u015fi inferior fa\u0163\u0103 de hipogastru ", "D. Hipogastrul este si tuat cranial fa\u0163\u0103 de cavitatea pelvian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nervii spinali se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspecte anatomice:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. R\u0103dacina ventral\u0103 este format\u0103 din dendritele si axonii neuronilor somatomotori din coarnele anterioare \u015fi visceromotori preganglionari din jum\u0103tatea anterioar\u0103 a coarnelor laterale ", "B. R\u0103d\u0103cina dorsal\u0103 prezint\u0103 pe traiectul s\u0103u ganglionul spinal, la nivelul c\u0103reia sunt localiza\u021bi neuroni somatosenzitivi si viscerosenzitivi ", "C. R\u0103d\u0103cinile nervului spinal ies la exteriorul canalului vertebral apoi se unesc form\u00e2nd trunchiul mixt ", "D. Ramura comunicant\u0103 alb\u0103 con\u021bine fibre preganglionare mielinizate cu originea \u00een " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Eferen\u021bele nucleilor motori pontini sunt destinate :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Musculaturii limbii ", "B. Mu\u0219chilor faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", "C. Mu\u0219chilor mimicii ", "D. Mu\u0219chiului ridic\u0103tor al pleoapei superioare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fasciculul corticonuclear :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Apar\u021bine c\u0103ilor extrapiramidale cu origine cortical\u0103 ", "B. Se termin\u0103 pe nucleii vegetativi ai nervilor cranieni ", "C. Coordoneaz\u0103 motilitatea involuntar\u0103 ", "D. Conduce influxul nervos la nucleul abducensului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Efectele stimul\u0103rii SNV asupra diferitelor organe sunt:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Asupra ficatului, parasimpaticul stimuleaz\u0103 gluconeogeneza ", "B. Asupra inimii, simpaticul determin\u0103 cre\u015fterea frecven\u0163ei \u1e63i a for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie precum \u1e63i vasoconstric\u021bia coronarelor ", "C. La nivelul glandelor intestinale parasimpaticul stimuleaz\u0103 iar simpaticul inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia ", "D. La nivelul medulosuprarenalei simpaticul determin\u0103 stimularea secre\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i corela\u0163ia corect\u0103 dintre reflexele vegetative ale trunchiului cerebral \u015fi sediul centrilor nervosi :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. pupilar fotomotor \u015fi de acomodare (pentru vederea de aproape): mezen cefal, nucleul nervului accesor ", "B. lacrimal \u015fi salivar: bulbo -pontin, nucleii parasimpatici ai nervului facial ", "C. cardiovascular \u015fi respirator: bulbo -pontin, nucleii substan\u0163ei reticulate ", "D. secretorii \u015fi motorii digestive: bulb, nucleul hipoglosului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Planul sa gital :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Trece prin axul longitudinal \u015fi transversal ", "B. \u00cemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 metamere ", "C. Se mai nume\u015fte planul simetriei bilaterale ", "D. Este un plan orizontal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i asocierile corecte :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Glandele intestinale - tubuloase simple ", "B. \u021aesut conjunctiv elastic - tunica intern\u0103 a arterelor \u015fi venelor ", "C. Tesuturi nevascularizate - conjunctiv dur ", "D. \u021aesut epitelial cubic simplu - mucoasa traheei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii sunt false :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Sensibilitatea interoceptiv\u0103 are receptori \u00een pere\u021bii vaselor \u0219i organelor interne ", "B. Sensibilitatea kinestezic\u0103 are protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", "C. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 protopatic\u0103 are receptorii reprezenta\u021bi de fusurile neuromusculare ", "D. Sensibilitatea tactil\u0103 protopatic\u0103 are protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spin al " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Otita este o afec\u021biune caracterizat\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele aspect e, cu excep\u0163ia:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Este cauzat\u0103 de o infec\u021bie microbian\u0103 sau virotic\u0103 ", "B. Se manifest\u0103 prin dureri locale, febr\u0103, stare general\u0103 alterat\u0103 ", "C. Este favorizat\u0103 de afec\u021biuni virotice respiratorii ", "D. Provoac\u0103, \u00een toate cazurile spargerea membranei timpanice D. Dac\u0103 4 este corect; " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Neuronii multipolari pot face sinaps\u0103 cu:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Motoneuroni din toate etajele trunchiului cerebral ", "2. Numai cu neuroni bipolari, la nivelul retinei ", "3. Cu neuronii bipolari din mucoasa olf activ\u0103 ", "4. Celulele senzoriale interne din melcul membranos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fibrele senzitive din structura nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Sunt implicate \u00een segmentul de conducere al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i kinestezic ", "2. Sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive \u00een nervii faciali, glosofaringieni \u0219i pneumogastrici ", "3. Pot avea originea \u00een ganglionul situat pe fa\u0163a anterioar\u0103 a st\u00e2ncii osului temporal \u0219i \u00een gang lionii inferiori al nervilor glosofaringian \u0219i vag ", "4. \u00ce\u0219i au originea real\u0103 \u00een nuclei senzitivi din trunchiul cerebral " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Placa motorie:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butonii terminali ai motoneuronilor gamma din cordoanele ", "2. Se poate constit ui cu participarea unor componente din structura unui proprioceptor ", "3. Prezint\u0103 proteine receptor la nivelul componentei presinaptice ", "4. Poate avea \u00een alc\u0103tuire butoni terminali ai unor prelungiri celulifuge ale neuronilor cu originea \u00een nucleii somatici ai unor nervi cranieni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pentru receptorii accelera\u0163iei liniare sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii, cu excep\u0163ia:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00een rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu axonii neuronilor bipolari din ganglionul vestibular ", "2. con\u0163in celule epiteliale specializate care au rol de a men\u0163ine constant\u0103 compozi\u0163ia endolimfei ", "3. Con\u021bin celule senzoriale situate pe o membran\u0103 bazal\u0103, localizate \u00een vestibulul membranos ", "4. Prev\u0103zute cu celule care prezint\u0103 la polul apical prelungiri permanente, ca \u0219i receptorii pentr u accelera\u021bia circular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Care din urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. nucleii vestibulari sunt \u00een rela\u0163ie cu ganglionul vestibular Scarpa \u015fi cu to\u0163i nucleii ", "2. papilele filiforme de la nivelul corpului limbii sunt \u00een rela\u0163ie cu dendritele neuronilor din ganglionul geniculat ", "3. motoneuronul gamma din coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei se termin\u0103 \u00een zona periferic\u0103 necontractil\u0103 a fibrelor intrafusale, realiz\u00e2 nd pl\u0103ci motorii ", "4. lumina str\u0103bate \u00een ordine stratul celulelor ganglionare, stratul neuronilor bipolari pentru a ajunge la celulele fotoreceptoare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Care din afirma\u0163iile privind poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune sunt false?", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune generat \u00een perioad a refractar\u0103 relativ\u0103 are o amplitudine mai ", "2. perioada refractar\u0103 absolut\u0103 se poate datora inactiv\u0103rii canalelor de sodiu ", "3. depolarizarea este produs\u0103 prin reducerea valorii poten\u0163ialului de membran\u0103, datorit\u0103 cre\u015fterii permeabilit\u0103\u0163ii pentru Na+, ini\u0163ial rapid, ulterior lent ", "4. hiperpolarizarea este produs\u0103 prin men\u0163inerea permeabilit\u0103\u0163ii pentru K+ datorit\u0103 lentelor canale pentru K+, care reac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 mai greu la semnalul de depolarizare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Proteinele:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. se pot afla pe fa\u021ba extern\u0103 sau intern\u0103 a membranei, precum \u0219i transmembranar ", "2. receptor de la nivelul microvililor din celulele senzoriale ale mugurilor gustativi din treimea posterioar\u0103 a limbii declan\u015feaz\u0103 depolarizarea acestora \u00een contact cu substan\u0163ele sapide ", "3. specifice sunt sintetizate \u00een toate celulele la nivelul granulelor lui Palade ", "4. contractile \u00eentr -o miofibril\u0103 sunt reprezentate de 1500 miofilamente de miozin\u0103 \u015fi 3000 de miofilamente de actin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fibrele vegetative motorii ale nervilor cranie ni:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse neuroefectoare ", "2. pot constitui calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex pupilodilatator ", "3. pot avea originea \u00een ganglionii previscerali sau intramurali ", "4. pot reprezenta fibra preganglionar\u0103 a c\u0103ii eferente a reflexului salivar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile aferente ale durerii cutanate a fe\u021bei se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. au protoneuronul \u00een ganglionul spinal ", "2. au al treilea neuron \u00een talamus ", "3. au deutoneuronul \u00een nucleii senzitivi ai nervului trigemen din bulb, punte \u0219i metatalamus ", "4. au protoneuronul \u00een g anglionul nervului trigemen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Substan\u021ba alb\u0103 a cerebelului este format\u0103 din fibre cu originea la nivelul :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. coarnelor posterioare medulare ", "2. ganglionului spinal ", "3. unuia dintre nucleii sen zoriali din bulbul rahidian ", "4. nucleului ro\u0219u " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fosfolipidele:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. permit difuziunea prin plasmalem\u0103 a glucozei ", "2. por\u0163iunea lor hidrofob\u0103 faciliteaz\u0103 pasajul transmembranar al ionilor \u015fi al moleculelor hidrosolubile ", "3. intr\u0103 \u00een structura membranei bilaminare a mitocondriilor \u015fi a dictiozomilor ", "4. sunt prezente \u00een membranele RE \u0219i lizozomilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Conducerea saltatorie a poten\u021bialului de ac\u021biune se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Unor prelungiri periferice ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", "2. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare parasimpatice ", "3. Fibrelor visceromotorii preganglionare simpatice ", "4. Sinapselor axo -axonice \u0219i pl\u0103cilor motorii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chii irisului prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici morfologice :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. Con\u021bin fibre musculare cu dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 ", "2. Con\u021bin fibre musculare netede de tip multiunitar ", "3. Con\u021bin fibre musculare cu dispozi\u021bie radiar\u0103 ", "4. Activitatea lor este controlat\u0103 de sistemul nervos vegetativ " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Talamusul prezint\u0103 conexiuni directe, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. deutoneuronul c\u0103ilor sensibilit\u0103\u021bii kinestezice din m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", "2. fasciculele Goll \u015fi Burdach care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin cordoanele posterioare ", "3. neuronii somatosenzitivi din coarnele posterioare ale m\u0103duvei, pentru sensibilitatea termic\u0103 \u0219i de control a mi\u0219c\u0103rii ", "4. neocortexul receptor din lobii parietali " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nucleul/ nucleii cu pozi\u021bie excentric\u0103 pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi \u00een:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Celulele vegetative centrale sau periferice ", "2. Unele celule epiteliale din structura mucoasei unor c\u0103i respiratorii extrapulmonar e ", "3. Celule ce apar\u021bin unui tip de \u021besut conjunctiv cu rol de protec\u021bie termic\u0103 \u0219i mecanic\u0103 ", "4. Celule care depoziteaz\u0103 glicogen \u0219i pot atinge dimensiuni de ordinul centrimetrilor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile sensibilita\u021bii interoceptive:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. pot avea originea \u00een pere\u021bii vaselor ", "2. au protoneuronul localizati \u00een ganglioni spinali sau cranieni (III,VII,IX,X) ", "3. pot avea deutoneuronul \u00een m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii sau \u00een trunchiul cerebral ", "4. implic\u0103 fascicule localizate \u00een cordoanele posterioare, lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de \u015fan\u021bul median " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Toracele prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Un spa\u0163iu central denumit mediastin \u00een care se afla inima \u015fi pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", "2. Cavit\u0103\u0163i pleurale dispuse \u00een jurul fiec\u0103rui pl\u0103m\u00e2n ", "3. Cavitatea pericardic\u0103 \u00een care este localizat\u0103 inima ", "4. Pere\u0163ii forma\u0163i din elemente somatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fasciculele care fac parte din c\u0103ile sensibilit\u0103\u0163ii proprioceptive:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. conduc impulsuri nervoase produse \u015fi prin stimularea corpusculilor Golgi \u015fi ", "2. pot fi situate \u00een cordoanele medulare de aceea\u015fi parte cu cea a neuronului de origine ", "3. pot avea neuronul de origine situat \u00een cornul posterior medular ", "4. pot conduce \u015fi impulsuri produse prin stimularea corpusculilor Meissner \u015fi a discurilor tactile Merkel cu c\u00e2mp receptor mic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. coroida se \u00eentinde anterior de ora serrata ", "2. o mare parte a fibrelor tractului optic se termin\u0103 la corpul geniculat lateral, iar restul la coliculii cvadrigemeni superiori ", "3. mu\u0219chiul ciliar secret\u0103 umoarea apoas\u0103 ", "4. nutri\u021bia cristalinului este realizat\u0103 prin difuziune de c\u0103tre vasele proceselor ciliare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 fibre care se observ\u0103 la nivelul orbitei ", "2. au originea real\u0103 a fibrelor senz oriale latera de piramidele pontine \u015fi medial fat\u0103 de pedunc ulii cerebelo\u015fi mijlocii ", "3. con\u021bin fibre senzitive \u00een toate cele trei ramuri ", "4. asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia nasului prin fibre senzitive ce apar\u021bin ramurilor olfactive \u015fi maxilare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Referitor la structura trunchiului cerebral sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii, cu excep\u021bia :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. la nivelul \u1e63an\u021bului bulbo -pontin i au originea aparent\u0103 nervi i ale c\u0103ror fibre sunt ", "2. lateral de piramidele bulbare se afla originea a parent\u0103 a nervului care prezint\u0103 nuclei senzitivi \u00een toate etajele trunchiului cerebr al ", "3. olivele bulbare sunt delimitate de \u1e63an\u021buri la nivelul c\u0103rora se afla doar nervi care asigura inerva\u021bia laringelui \u015fi faringelui ", "4. substanta alb\u0103 a bulbului este reprezentat\u0103 de fibrele lemniscului medial, de fibrele fasciculelor spinobulbare \u015fi spinocere beloase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile descendente (ale motricit\u0103\u021bii):", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Pot s\u0103 prezinte origine cortical\u0103 \u1e63i subcortical\u0103 ", "2. Pot s\u0103 fie bineuronale sau multineuronale ", "3. Includ at\u00e2t fibre mielinizate c\u00e2t \u015fi amielinice ", "4. Con\u021bin \u1e63i fibre care traverseaz\u0103 trunchiul cerebral \u00een \u00eentregime " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Calea acustic\u0103 \u015fi vestibular\u0103 au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. dispunerea receptorilor \u00een canalul cohlear ", "2. localizarea celui de al treilea neuron ", "3. ganglionii care con\u0163in protoneuronii segmentului intermediar ", "4. originea aparent\u0103 a nervului din segmentul de conducere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. din nucleul salivator inferior pornesc fibre preganglionare parasimpatice destinate ", "2. cerebelul este legat de diencefal prin pedunculul cerebelos superior ", "3. hipocampul face parte din sistemul limbic ", "4. fasciculul piramidal \u00eencruci\u0219at conduce motricitatea automat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fusul neuromuscular:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este inervat senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor pseudounipolari ", "2. detecteaz\u0103 modific\u0103rile de lungime ale mu\u015fchiului stria\u021bi ", "3. este receptorul reflexului de flexie ", "4. con\u021bine fibre intrafusale cu lan\u021b nuclear \u00een num\u0103r mai mare dec\u00e2t al celor cu sac nuclear " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Apar\u021bin diencefalului urm\u0103toarele structuri anatomice, except\u00e2nd :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. corpii mamilari ", "2. ventriculii laterali ", "3. ventriculul III ", "4. apeductul Sylvius " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele aspecte car acterizeaz\u0103 ganglionii SNV", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Ganglionii terminali reprezint\u0103 originea tuturor fibrelor postganglionare ", "2. Ganglinii colaterali sunt locul sinapsei fibrelor care apar\u0163in nervilor splanhnici ", "3. Ganglionii laterovertebrali reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor postganglionare simpatice cu distribu\u021bie la nivelul tegumentului \u015fi a mu \u1e63chilor somatici ", "4. Medulosuprarenala prime\u015fte fibre apartin\u00e2nd marelui splanhnic, fiind considerat\u0103 un gangli on simpatic periferic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen bulbul rahidian se g\u0103se\u0219te :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Deutoneuronul c\u0103ii sensibilit\u0103\u021bii tactile epicritice din teritoriul trunchiului \u0219i al ", "2. Centrul reflexelor de degluti\u021bie, masticator \u0219i cardioinhibitor ", "3. Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii gustative ", "4. Al doilea neuron al c\u0103ii auditive \u0219i vestibulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. \u00cen jurul conului terminal medular se afl\u0103 nervi toraco -lombari ", "2. Fasciculele de asocia\u021bie sunt: fasciculul fundamental lateral, anterior \u0219i posterior ", "3. \u00cen co arnele laterale \u0219i anterioare este prezent\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 reticulat\u0103 ", "4. Coarnele laterale sunt prezente \u00een regiunile: cervical\u0103 inferioar\u0103, toracal\u0103 \u0219i lombar\u0103 superioar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Analizatorului olfactiv, spre deosebire de cel gustativ, prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. celulele receptoare care constituie protoneuronul c\u0103ii ", "2. segment intermediar format doar din neuroni multipolari ", "3. chemoreceptori cu structura nervoas\u0103 ", "4. proiec\u021bia cortical\u0103 primar\u0103 la nivelul neocortexului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Axul transversal NU se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. se \u00eentretaie \u00een unghi drept cu axul frontal ", "B. are un pol st\u00e2ng \u0219i unul drept ", "C. corespunde l\u0103\u021bimii corpului ", "D. este dispus orizontal " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un stimul prag prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. cronaxie, care poate avea o valoare dubl\u0103 reobazei ", "B. labilitate, capacitatea de a declan\u0219a un impuls nervos ", "C. brusche\u021be, rapiditatea cu care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra unei celule ", "D. timpul util, necesar revenirii la poten\u021bialul de repaus " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Poten\u021bialul membranar de repaus:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. are o pant\u0103 descendent\u0103 datorat\u0103 ie\u0219irii K+ din ne uron ", "B. este men\u021binut prin activitatea unor mecanisme active de transport ", "C. se transform\u0103 \u00een poten\u021bial de ac\u021biune la aplicarea unui stimul unic subliminar ", "D. are o valoare apropiat\u0103 de cea a poten\u021bialului de echilibru pentru Na+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt etape ale transmiterii impuls ului nervos la nivelul unei sinapse colinergice:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sinteza acetilcolinei \u0219i stocarea ei \u00een vezicule sinaptice la nivelul corpului neuronal ", "B. p\u0103trunderea ionilor de calciu \u00een butonul terminal ", "C. legarea acetilcolinei de receptori specifici din membrana presinaptic\u0103 ", "D. depolarizarea sau hiperpolarizarea membranei presinaptice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sinapsele chimice inhibitorii:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. produc depolarizarea componentei postsinaptice ", "B. sunt caracterizate de lipsa fantei sinaptice ", "C. implic\u0103 receptori pentru acidul gamaaminobutiric ", "D. prezint\u0103 locuri de jonc\u021biune pentru trecerea ionilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Neuronii alfa medulari:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. inerveaz\u0103 fibre musculare extrafusale cu nuclei centrali ", "B. fac sinapsa cu neuroni proprioceptivi din ganglionii spinali ", "C. primesc impulsuri de la neuronii de asocia\u021bie senzitivi din coarnele posterioare ", "D. particip\u0103 la men\u021binerea tonusului musculaturii striate a fe\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sistemul reticulat activator ascendent:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. proiecteaz\u0103 specific pe cortexul cerebral informa\u021bii senzitive ", "B. este format dint r-un num\u0103r mic de neuroni \u00eentre bulb \u0219i talamus ", "C. are numai localizare medular\u0103, \u00een jurul canalului ependimar ", "D. particip\u0103 la auto\u00eentre\u021binerea tonusului scoar\u021bei cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibrele senzoriale ale nervilor cranieni VII, IX \u0219i X:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. \u00eenconjoar\u0103 baza celulelor epiteliale de sus\u021binere ale mugurelui gustativ ", "B. transmit impulsuri nervoase proiectate cortical contralateral ", "C. ajung \u00een nucleul solitar de pe partea opus\u0103 ", "D. depolarizeaz\u0103 membrana celulelor mitrale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nervul cranian V include fibre:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. senzoriale gustativ e, aflate \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu papilele filiforme ", "B. cu origine \u00een nucleii senzitivi trigeminali din trunchiul cerebral ", "C. visceromotorii cu conducere rapid\u0103 \u0219i sinapse colinergice ", "D. care se distribuie celor \u0219ase glande salivare mari " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Perechea a VII -a de nervi cranieni:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. include fibre viscerosenzitive distribuite unor glande anexe digestive ", "B. face parte din calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului lacrimal ", "C. conduce impulsuri care ajung la glandele mucoasei nazale ", "D. conduce impulsuri gustative prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul soli tar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Stimularea marelui nerv splanhnic determin\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. relaxarea musculaturii colecistului \u0219i contrac\u021bia sfincterului Oddi ", "B. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei glandelor gastrice \u0219i relaxarea musculaturii stomacului ", "C. bronhodilata\u021bie \u0219i diminuarea secre\u021biei glandelor mucoase ", "D. stimularea glicogenogenezei hepatice \u0219i contrac\u021bia splinei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt efecte ale stimul\u0103rii sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. midriaz\u0103, prin relaxarea mu\u0219chilor netezi radiari ai irisului ", "B. cre\u0219terea glicemiei, prin stimularea unui proces catabolic la nivel hepatic ", "C. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei glandelor lacrimale, salivare, sudoripare ", "D. reducerea motilit\u0103\u021bii gastrointestinale \u0219i relaxarea sfincterelor digestive " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la ureche, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. orice sunet de 130 db este recep\u021bionat la baza mel cului ", "B. sc\u0103ri\u021ba vibreaz\u0103 mereu cu aceea\u0219i amplitudine ", "C. hiperpolarizarea receptorilor reduce frecven\u021ba PA ", "D. vibra\u021biile membranei vestibulare inhib\u0103 receptorii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Termina\u021biile dendritice ale neuronilor din ganglionii Corti:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. transform\u0103 energia mecanic\u0103 a sunetelor ", "B. modific\u0103 frecven\u021ba undelor sonore ", "C. amplific\u0103 intensitatea sunetelor slabe ", "D. conduc poten\u021biale de ac\u021biune cu diferite frecven\u021be " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Maculele otolitice, spre deosebire de crestele ampulare, prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. celule epiteliale senzoriale cu prelungiri permanente la polul apical ", "B. celule vestibulare stimulate mecanic, at\u00e2t \u00een condi\u021bii statice, c\u00e2t \u0219i dinamice ", "C. o membran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu granule de fosfat de calciu \u0219i magneziu ", "D. leg\u0103turi cu neuroni bipolari situa\u021bi \u00eentr -un ganglion de pe traseul nervului VIII " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Depolarizarea unei celule gustative:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este urmarea modific\u0103rii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii ei pentru sodiu ", "B. se transmite la toate papilele gustative ", "C. este constant\u0103, indiferent de timpul de ac\u021biune a stimulului ", "D. determin\u0103 senza\u021bii gustative complexe " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocia\u021bia corect\u0103 \u00eentre tipurile de substan\u021be \u0219i senza\u021bia gustativ\u0103 determinat\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. s\u0103ruri ionizante \u2013 dulce ", "B. alcaloizi \u2013 amar ", "C. glicoli \u2013 acru ", "D. acizi \u2013 s\u0103rat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dendritele neuronilor bipolari olfactivi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. sunt localizate la cei doi poli celulari ", "B. prezint\u0103 butoni terminali cu mediatori chimici ", "C. au cili care m\u0103resc suprafa\u021ba de contact cu substan\u021bele odorante ", "D. se reunesc \u00een m\u0103nunchiuri ce formeaz\u0103 nervii olfactivi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Celulele mitrale \u0219i celulele ganglionare retiniene au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. fac sinaps\u0103 cu axonii unor celule nervoase bipolare ", "B. formeaz\u0103 prin axonii lor tracturi nervoase care se termin\u0103 \u00een talamus ", "C. sunt celule epiteliale cu rol \u00een recep\u021bia stimulilor specifici ", "D. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca deutoneuroni ai unor c\u0103i cu proiec\u021bie \u00een lobul parietal " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Conexiunile dintre segmentul intermediar al analizatorului cutanat \u0219i centrii termoregl\u0103rii se realizeaz\u0103 la nivelul:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "B. trunchiului cerebral ", "C. hipotalamusului ", "D. cerebelului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nociceptorii sunt:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. receptori fazici, care se adapteaz\u0103 rapid \u00een prezen\u021ba stimulului ", "B. reprezenta\u021bi, \u00een principal, de termina\u021bii nervoase \u00eencapsulate ", "C. stimula\u021bi de substan\u021be eliberate de celulele lezate ", "D. mai numero\u0219i la nivelul viscerelor dec\u00e2t la nivelul tegumentului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. la \u00eentuneric , are loc trecerea retinalului din forma cis \u00een forma trans ", "B. descompunerea rodopsinei din citoplasma bastona\u0219elor modific\u0103 conductan\u021bele ionice ", "C. procesul de fuzionare a imaginilor \u00eencepe la nivelul coliculilor superiori ", "D. \u00een acomodarea pentru vederea de aproap e, intervin \u0219i mu\u0219chi drep\u021bi ai globului ocular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reflexul corneean de clipire se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este un reflex de ap\u0103rare, cu centrii \u00een mezencefal ", "B. are calea aferent\u0103 a arcului reflex asigurat\u0103 de nervul III ", "C. are calea eferent\u0103 a arcului reflex asigurat\u0103 de nervul II ", "D. poate fi declan\u0219at \u0219i \u00een mod voluntar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Printr -un dezechilibru \u00een secre\u021bia glandelor suprarenale pot ap\u0103rea:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. boala Adisson \u2013 adinamie, edeme, adipozitate ", "B. sindr omul androgenital la copil \u2013 apari\u021bia unei pubert\u0103\u021bi tardive ", "C. sindromul Cushing \u2013 obezitate, osteoporoz\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri nervoase ", "D. boala Conn \u2013 adinamie, deshidratare, melanodermie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglarea nivelului de calciu plasmatic intervin:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. STH, prin efectul s\u0103u de a re \u021bine compu\u0219i ai calciului ", "B. PTH \u0219i CT, stimula\u021bi de valori plasmatice mici ale calcemiei ", "C. vitamina B3, prin care PTH exe rcit\u0103 efecte indirecte ", "D. estrogenii, care inhib\u0103 depunerea calciului \u00een oase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hiposecre\u021bia hormonului secretat de celulele principale para tiroidiene:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. poate fi determinat\u0103 de o diet\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een s\u0103ruri de magneziu ", "B. determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea excitabilit\u0103\u021bii neuromusculare \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri cardiace (palpita\u021bii, aritmii) ", "C. se manifest\u0103 prin sc\u0103derea calciuriei \u0219i a fosfatemiei ", "D. poate afecta coagularea s\u00e2ngelui, contrac\u021bia muscular\u0103 \u0219i transmiterea influxului nervos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Glucocorticoizii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele efecte metabolice:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. scad num\u0103rul de limfocite \u0219i de neutrofile ", "B. cresc secre\u021bia de pepsinogen \u0219i de acid clorhidric ", "C. scad absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a lipidel or \u0219i lipemia ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 anabolismul proteic \u00een ficat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Boala determinat\u0103 de hipersecre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a foliculilor tiroidieni se poate manifesta prin:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. sc\u0103dere \u00een greutate, sc\u0103derea tonusului muscular ", "B. hiperfagie, edem retroorbitar ", "C. tremur\u0103turi ale m\u00e2inilor, lentoare psihomotorie ", "D. hipersudora\u021bii, piele \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre hormoni se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. cei deriva\u021bi din acizii arahidonici exercit\u0103 efecte generalizate \u00een organism ", "B. estradiolul \u0219i cortizolul sunt sintetiza\u021bi pornind de la colesterol ", "C. cei pepti dici includ ocitocina, hormonul antidiuretic \u0219i prostaglandinele ", "D. melatonina atinge nivelul maxim de secre\u021bie la amiaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. planurile parasagitale includ axul longitudinal \u0219i pe cel anteroposterior ", "2. fiecare emisfer\u0103 cerebral\u0103 posed\u0103 o fa\u021b\u0103 medial\u0103 c\u0103tre fisura interemisferic\u0103 ", "3. cavitatea ventral\u0103 a corpului include cavitatea abdominopelvian\u0103 ", "4. diafragma perineal\u0103 este situat\u0103 cranial fa\u021b\u0103 de mu\u0219chiul diafragm " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fazele poten\u021bialului de ac \u021biune se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. pragul \u2013 \u00eencep s\u0103 se deschid\u0103 canalele voltaj dependente pentru cei doi cationi: Na+ \u0219i H+ ", "2. panta ascendent\u0103 \u2013 efluxul de Na+ reduce diferen\u021ba de poten\u021bial \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 fe\u021be ale membranei ", "3. panta descendent\u0103 \u2013 canalele de Na+ se inactiveaz\u0103, iar cele de K+ se \u00eenchid ", "4. hiperpolarizarea \u2013 K+ continu\u0103 s\u0103 ias\u0103 din celul\u0103 prin canalele voltaj -dependente " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii se g\u0103sesc neuroni:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. vegetativi simpatici ", "2. ai substan\u021bei reticulate ", "3. vegetativi parasimpatici ", "4. ai c\u0103ilor senzitive " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibrele ramurii comunicante cenu\u0219ii:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. intr\u0103 \u00een constitu\u021bia nervilor splanhnici ", "2. sunt \u0219i viscerosenzitive ", "3. inerveaz\u0103 \u0219i glande endocrine ", "4. au origine \u00een ganglionii paravertebrali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Axonii neuronilor din ganglionii spinali pot face sinaps\u0103 cu neuroni:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. multiplolari din substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie medular\u0103 ", "2. din zona viscerosenzitiv\u0103 a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "3. localiza\u021bi \u00een unii nuclei proprii ai trunchiului cerebral ", "4. senzitivi de ordinul al doilea din centrii reflec\u0219i polisinaptici " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fasciculul gracilis spre deosebire de fasciculul cuneat:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een m\u0103duva toracal\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", "2. decuseaz\u0103 inferior de olivele bulbare ", "3. face sinaps\u0103 \u00een nucleii de releu talamici ", "4. m\u0103rgine\u0219te \u0219an\u021bul median posterior medular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre fibrele corticospin ale este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. unele au originea \u00een arii suprapuse ariilor senzitive secundare ", "2. 25% dintre ele nu se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103, inerv\u00e2nd mu\u0219chii scheletici de aceea\u0219i parte ", "3. influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea fibrelor extrafusale prin intermediul motoneuronilor alfa ", "4. controleaz\u0103 motilitatea voluntar\u0103 a globilor ocular i " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "O leziune la nivelul fe\u021bei posterioare a mezencefalului afecteaz\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. transmiterea impulsurilor prin fasciculul Flechsig ", "2. reflexul corneean de clipire \u0219i reflexul de tip miotatic ", "3. activitatea musculaturii ciliare, implicat\u0103 \u00een mioz\u0103 ", "4. reflexul de \u00eentoarcere a capului c\u0103tre un stimul vizual " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ganglionul Gasser:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. formeaz\u0103 trei ramuri mixte ", "2. con\u021bine neuroni ce inerveaz\u0103 senzitiv globul ocular ", "3. se mai nume\u0219te ganglion genicula t ", "4. reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor ce conduc exterorecep\u021bia limbii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nervul vag:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine fibre postganglionare adrenergice ", "2. are pe traseul lui ganglionii superior \u0219i inferior ", "3. conduce impulsuri pentru relaxarea duodenului ", "4. particip\u0103 la controlul activit\u0103\u021bii cardiace " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la nervii cranieni IX \u0219i X se poate afirma:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii faringelui prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", "2. culeg impulsuri de la mugurii gustativi ai mucoasei faringelui (nervul IX) \u0219i a epiglotei (nervul X) ", "3. au originea aparent\u0103 a fibrelor senzoriale \u0219i senzitive \u00een \u0219an\u021bul retroolivar ", "4. asigur\u0103, prin fibrele viscerosenzitive, calea aferent\u0103 a reflexului presor cardiovascular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Musculatura faringelui este inervat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. nervul pneumogastric ", "2. r\u0103d\u0103cina cranian\u0103 a nervului accesor ", "3. nervul glosofaringian ", "4. nervul hipoglos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limba:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. este inervat\u0103 de fibre cu origine \u00een ganglionul trigeminal ", "2. are muguri gustativi sensibili la substan\u021bele dulci, \u00een papilele filiforme ", "3. este inervat\u0103 de fibre nervoase cu origine \u00een nuclei bulbari ", "4. are pragul de percepere distinct\u0103 a dou\u0103 puncte diferite la 50 mm " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibrele preganglionare simpatice :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. pot avea lungimi diferite ", "2. prezint\u0103 pe traseu celule Schwann ", "3. pot intra \u00een constitu\u021bia nervilor splanhnici ", "4. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre ganglioni ai lan\u021bului paravertebral se poate afirma c\u0103 sunt:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. originea unor fibre care inerveaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii erectori ai firelor de p\u0103r ", "2. origine pentru fibrele viscerosenzitive ale nervilor splanhnici ", "3. implica\u021bi \u00een formarea unor plexuri: car otidian, cardiac, pulmonar ", "4. forma\u021biuni nervoase \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 sinapse adrenergice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Corpusculii Pacini sunt:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. receptori pentru vibra\u021bii, localiza\u021bi \u00een hipoderm ", "2. stimula\u021bi de diferen\u021be de presiune \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri rapide, slabe ", "3. prezen\u021bi \u0219i \u00een periost, tendoane, fascii musculare ", "4. receptori relativ mari \u0219i lent adaptabili " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Unii proprioreceptori:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. sunt sensibili la modific\u0103ri de presiune ", "2. ajut\u0103 la prevenirea contrac\u021biei musculare excesive ", "3. pot avea inerva\u021bie motorie ", "4. sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een peretele vaselor sangvin e din mu\u0219chi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Gustul amar poate fi:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. perceput de mugurii gustativi din bolta palatin\u0103 ", "2. determinat de substan\u021be ce con\u021bin azot ", "3. perceput \u0219i la nivelul faringelui \u0219i epiglotei ", "4. perceput de muguri din papilele circumvallate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "De la papilele filiforme conduc informa\u021bii dendrite ale nervilor:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. faciali ", "2. vagi ", "3. glosofaringieni ", "4. trigem eni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre segmentul intermediar al analizatorului gustativ se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. fibrele gustative ale nervului VII inerveaz\u0103 receptorii papilelor circumvalate ", "2. prezint\u0103 conexiuni cu hipotalamusul \u0219i cu nucleii salivatori din trunchiul cerebral ", "3. include nuclei bulbari, de origine pentru fibrele gustative ale nervilor VII, IX \u0219i X ", "4. fibrele talamice se proiecteaz\u0103 la baza girului parietal ascendent " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Procesul de acomodare pen tru vederea unui obiect care se apropie de ochi la 1,5 m, \u00eentr -o zon\u0103 intens luminat\u0103 presupune:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea curburii cristalinului ", "2. desc\u0103rcarea de impulsuri din centrii medulari ", "3. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor circulari ai irisului ", "4. stimularea receptorilor vizuali care au sensibilitate maxim\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Retina:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. vine \u00een contact cu lumina \u00eent\u00e2i la nivelul membranei limitante externe ", "2. are conuri cu sensibilitate mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a bastona\u0219elor ", "3. con\u0163ine celule fotosensibile \u00een toate zonele sale ", "4. are conuri cu prag de sensibilitate mai mare dec\u00e2t al bastona\u0219elor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Comparativ cu ochiul emetrop, \u00een cazul ochiului hipermetrop:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. convexitatea cristalinului este mai diminuat\u0103 ", "2. punctul proxim este situat mai departe de ochi ", "3. imaginea obiectului privit se formeaz\u0103 \u00een spatele retin ei ", "4. corec\u021bia se realizeaz\u0103 cu lentile divergente " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Receptorii maculari \u015fi cei ampulari au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. prezen\u0163a cililor care vin \u00een contact cu o mas\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", "2. polul bazal \u00eenconjurat de dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul Scarpa ", "3. posibilitatea de a declan\u0219a reflexe statokinetice ", "4. localizarea \u00een perilimfa labirintului membranos al urechii interne " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hormonii timici:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt secreta\u021bi de celulele corpusculilor Hassal din zona cortical\u0103 ", "2. sunt reprezenta\u021bi de peptide care intervin \u00een procesele de ap\u0103rare imun \u0103 ", "3. regleaz\u0103 maturarea limfocitelor implicate \u00een imunitatea mediat\u0103 umoral ", "4. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een stimularea mineraliz\u0103rii osoase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Testosteronul:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. se leag\u0103 de receptorii membranari, determin\u00e2nd producerea unui mesager secundar ", "2. p\u0103trunde \u00een celula gazd\u0103 prin difuziune facilitat\u0103 \u0219i ajunge \u00een nucleu, activ\u00e2nd anumite gene ", "3. activeaz\u0103 enzime din celulele \u021bint\u0103, prin intermediul AMP ciclic ", "4. \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 ac\u021biunile prin declan\u0219area sintezei de proteine specifice \u00een celulele \u021bint\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Somatostatina:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. este secretat\u0103 de ce lulele delta ale acinilor pancreatici ", "2. reduce secre\u021bia hormonal\u0103 a celulelor insulare \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 ", "3. are secre\u021bia inhibat\u0103 de concentra\u021bii plasmatice crescute de insulin\u0103 ", "4. inhib\u0103 secre\u021bia unor hormoni gastrointestinali " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hormonul luteotrop:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia lactat\u0103 a glandelor mamare \u0219i secre\u021bia corpului galben ", "2. inhib\u0103 ac\u021biunea LH de stimulare a matur\u0103rii foliculare, \u00een perioada al\u0103pt\u0103rii ", "3. are secre\u021bia controlat\u0103 de doi neurohormoni hipotalamici, similar STH -ului ", "4. are o secre\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een timpul somn ului, \u00een hipoglicemie, \u00een stres \u0219i efort fizic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dezvoltarea \u0219i func\u021bionarea gonadelor pot fi influen\u021bate de urm\u0103torii hormoni:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. melatonin\u0103 ", "2. prolactin\u0103 ", "3. vasotocin\u0103 ", "4. tiroidieni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Efecte metabolice ale hormonului secretat de celulele insulare alfa pot fi:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei gastrice ", "2. stimularea sintezei proteinelor ", "3. cre\u0219terea secre\u021biei biliare ", "4. stimularea sintezei glucozei din aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Planul parasagital:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. este delimitat de axele longitudinal \u015fi transversal ", "B. trece aproximativ prin sutura sagital\u0103 a craniului ", "C. \u00eemparte corpul \u00een dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi: cranial\u0103 \u015fi caudal\u0103 ", "D. este paralel cu planul simetriei bilaterale a corpului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cavitatea toracic\u0103 \u0219i cea abdominal\u0103 au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103 comun \u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. sunt delimitate anterior at\u00e2t de structuri musculare, c\u00e2t \u0219i osoase ", "B. ad\u0103postesc viscere cu celule secretoare dispuse \u00een cordoane ", "C. prezint\u0103 varia\u021bii ciclice ale presiunii intracavitare ", "D. sunt limitate inferior de o diafragm\u0103 muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u0162esutul conjunctiv lax:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. con\u0163ine predominant fibre de reticulin\u0103 ", "B. apare \u00een periost \u0219i \u00een pericondru ", "C. con\u0163ine fibre elastice anastomozate \u00een re\u0163ea ", "D. formeaz\u0103 capsula de la nivelul ovarului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Adipocitul:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 \u00een citoplasm\u0103 organite comune \u0219i specifice , av\u00e2nd un nucleu periferic ", "B. secret\u0103 hormoni, precum: resistina \u0219i provitamina D3 ", "C. are activitatea influenta\u021b\u0103 de insulin\u0103, care inhib\u0103 lipogeneza din glucoz\u0103 ", "D. se num\u0103 r\u0103 printre celulele care \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 forma globuloas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la fiziologia celulei nervoase este corect s\u0103 se afirme c\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. mielina izoleaz\u0103 electric fibrele motorii ale nervilor simpatici cardiaci \u0219i splahnici ", "B. valorile cronaxiei sunt de 10 -30 de ori mai mici dec\u00e2t ale reobazei \u0219i apropiate pentru neuronii senzitivi \u0219i motori ", "C. prelungiri celulipete periferice pot conduce impulsul nervos cu viteze de 100 -120 m/s ", "D. varia\u021bia amplitudinii poten\u021bialelor de ac\u021biune asigur\u0103 discriminarea \u00eentre stimuli de intensit\u0103\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la caracteristicile neuronului:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. depolarizarea presupune deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru Na+ \u015fi ie\u0219irea acestui ion c\u0103tre spa\u021biul extracelular ", "B. repolarizarea implic\u0103 deschiderea canalelor voltaj -dependente pentru K+ \u015fi are o durat\u0103 mai scurt\u0103 dec\u00e2t depolarizarea ", "C. poten\u0163ialul de repaus poate avea valoarea de - 80 mV \u015fi aceea\u015fi durat\u0103 ca la fibrele musculare striate de la nivelul antrului piloric ", "D. poten\u0163ialul de ac\u0163iune generat \u00een perioada refractar\u0103 relativ\u0103 are o amplitudine mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prelungirea neuronal\u0103 celulipet\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. are un diametru constant pe toat\u0103 lungimea sa ", "B. poate fi mielinizat\u0103 sau amielinic\u0103 , la nivelul sistemului nervos central ", "C. poate fi implicat\u0103 \u00een sinapse chimice sau electrice ", "D. conduce \u00eentotdeauna impulsuri pe distan\u021be mari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Arcurile reflexe vegetative simpatice \u015fi parasimpatice:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. pot determina contrac\u0163ie pe mu\u015fchi multiunitar ", "B. prezint\u0103 sinapse colinergice \u00een ganglionul c\u0103ii senzitive ", "C. au cei doi neuroni visceromotori dispu\u015fi intranevraxial ", "D. au efect pe mu\u015fchii prezen\u021bi la nivelul dermului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ganglionul geniculat \u015fi cel trigeminal au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. apar\u0163in unor nervi cranieni ce includ \u015fi fibre visceromotorii pentru viscere faciale ", "B. reprezint\u0103 originea real\u0103 pentru fibre senzitive/senzoriale ", "C. apar\u0163in unor nervi cranieni ce au nuclei de origine \u00een etaje encefalice diferite ", "D. trimit fibre ce culeg informa\u0163ii gustative de la nivelul limbii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nervul vag:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 pe traseul fibrelor senzitive doi ganglioni: Ehrenritter \u0219i Andersch ", "B. inerveaz\u0103, prin fibre cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal, mu\u0219chii v\u0103lului palatin ", "C. con\u021bine fibre care particip\u0103 la formarea plexurilor din pere\u021bii tubului digestiv ", "D. conduce impulsuri ce determin\u0103 dilata\u021bia vaselor coronare \u0219i a celor peniene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre c\u0103ile motorii se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. circa 30% din c\u0103ile piramidale conduc impulsurile nervoase saltatoriu ", "B. o parte din cele piramidale sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu nuclei situa\u021bi deasupra \u0219i lateral de talamus ", "C. cele parasimpatice cu originea \u00een nucleul dorsal inerveaz\u0103 unele organe pelvi ene ", "D. o parte din cele simpatice postganglionare inerveaz\u0103 anexe cutanate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Fasciculul spinobulbar cuneat:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. este un fascicul \u00eencruci\u0219at ", "B. urc\u0103 din cornul posterior medular spre bulb ", "C. este prezent doar la nivel toraco \u2013 lombar ", "D. transmite sim\u021bul pozi\u021biei \u0219i al misc\u0103rii \u00een spa\u021biu " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Receptorii :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. sunt structuri excitabile care r\u0103spund la stimuli conform legii \u201etot sau nimic\u201d ", "B. situa\u021bi la nivelul extremita\u021bii cefalice pot fi neuroni multipolari modifica\u021bi ", "C. sunt reprezenta\u021bi \u00een num\u0103r mare de celule conjunctive diferen\u021biate \u0219i specializate ", "D. pot fi baroreceptori \u0219i chemoreceptori localiza\u021bi la nivelul sinusului carotidian " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre fibrele intrafusale este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. au numero\u0219i nuclei situa\u021bi periferic similar fibrelor musculare extrafusale ", "B. au diametrul constant pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor, indiferent de tipul fibrei intrafusale ", "C. sunt inervate senzitiv de dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionii spinali \u0219i Gasser ", "D. sunt inervate motor, pe toat\u0103 lungimea lor, de axonii neuronilor radiculari gamma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Inerva\u0163ia motorie a fusului neuro muscular este realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. prelungirile neuronilor pseudounipolari din ganglionii spinali ", "B. termina\u0163ii nervoase motorii spiralate \u015fi \u201d \u00een buchet\u201d /\u201d\u00een floare\u201d ", "C. axonii neuronilor gamma din cordoanele anterioare medulare ", "D. termina\u0163ii nervoase axonice cu vitez\u0103 mare de conducere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Celulele fotoreceptoare prezente \u00een num\u0103r mic \u00een macula lutea:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in rodopsin\u0103 care se descompune \u00een purpur retinian \u015fi retinen ", "B. au sensibilitate mare \u015fi prag de excitabilitate redus ", "C. prezint\u0103 discuri suprapuse localizate \u00een segmentul intern ", "D. au compon entele prezente \u00een straturile 2 -6 ale retinei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Corpusculii senzitivi :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. Meissner cu un c\u00e2mp receptor mic deservesc sensibilitatea protopatic\u0103 ", "B. Krause sunt \u00een rela\u021bie cu dendrite ale neuronilor din ganglionul trigeminal ", "C. Ruffinii se g\u0103sesc \u00een derm, hipoderm \u0219i \u00een toat\u0103 grosimea capsulei articulare ", "D. Golgi -Mazzoni detecteaz\u0103 tensiunea din tendoane \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei musculare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Receptorii vestibulari:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. maculari sunt stimula\u021bi de viteza de deplasare a capului, iar \u00een repaus de for\u0163a gravita\u0163ional\u0103 ", "B. ampulari recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile liniare ale capului, datorit\u0103 orient\u0103rii canalelor semicirculare \u00een cele trei planuri spa\u0163iale ", "C. otolitici particip\u0103 la men\u0163inerea echilibrului \u00een condi\u0163iile acceler\u0103rilor circulare ale capului ", "D. din canalul lat eral sunt stimula\u021bi de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie executate \u00een jurul axului vertical " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre fibrele corticonucleare se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. au neuroni de comand\u0103 \u00een nucleul caudat \u0219i lentiform ", "B. ajung la nucleul accesor al oculomotorului ", "C. au neuroni de execu\u021bie \u00een nucleul ambiguu ", "D. au neuroni centrali la nivelul ariei 40 din girul precentral " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "STH-ul adenohipofizar:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. stimuleaz\u0103 consumul de glucoz\u0103 la nivel mitocondrial ", "B. mobilizeaz\u0103 acizii gra\u015fi din depozitele lipidice ", "C. inhib\u0103 sinteza corpilor cetonici ", "D. determin\u0103 bilan\u021b azotat negativ prin cre\u015fterea excre\u0163iei de azot " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre pancreas se poate afirma c\u0103 :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 celule acinare delta care secret\u0103 somatostatin\u0103 ", "B. este situat la nivelul abdomenului inferior, av\u00e2nd inerva\u021bie dubl\u0103 simpatico -parasimpatic\u0103 ", "C. are raport posterior cu rinichiul care este pozi\u021bionat mai sus ", "D. produce la nivelul insulelor substan\u021be active precum : insulin\u0103, glucagon, proteaze, peptidaze " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Stimularea SNV parasimpatic determin\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. dilata\u021bie la nivelul arborelui bron\u0219ic ", "B. contrac\u021bie la nivelul unor viscere abdo minale, precum: vezic\u0103 biliar\u0103, ficat, splin\u0103 ", "C. stimularea secre\u021biei de glucagon ", "D. secre\u021bie salivar\u0103 abundent\u0103, apoas\u0103, cu con\u021binut redus de substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sindromul androgenital:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. la copil determin\u0103 o pubertate t\u00e2rzie ", "B. este asociat \u00eentotdeauna cu sindromul Cushing ", "C. la femeie determin\u0103 pilozitate facial\u0103 ", "D. se datoreaz\u0103 hiposecre\u021biei de hormoni androgeni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Corpii cetonici :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. au sinteza inhibat\u0103 de hormonul somatotrop ", "B. determin\u0103, \u00een exces, instalarea alcalozei metabolice ", "C. furnizeaz\u0103 energia necesar\u0103 proceselor catabolice ", "D. se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een exces \u00een diabetul zaharat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni asigur\u0103 reten\u021bia apei \u00een organism:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. mineralocorticoizii, a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este influen\u021bat\u0103 \u00een mare parte de ACTH ", "B. vasopresina, care scade permeabilitatea tubilor colectori pentru ap\u0103 ", "C. aldosteronul, indirect, prin s timularea reabsorb\u021biei renale a Na+ \u0219i respectiv a Cl- ", "D. glucocorticoizii, care cresc permeabilitatea tubilor distali pentru ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la controlul/reglarea hormonal\u0103 , se poate afirma c\u0103 secre\u021bia de :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. LTH - este stimulat\u0103 de dopamina eliberat\u0103 de nucleii mijlocii hipotalamici ", "B. T3 \u0219i T4 - poate fi inhibat\u0103 prin autoanticorpi care se leag\u0103 de receptorii pentru TRH ai tiroidei ", "C. ADH - este inhibat\u0103 indirect de c\u0103tre alcool \u0219i stimulat\u0103 direct de durere ", "D. OC/OX - este controlat\u0103 prin feedback pozitiv, declan\u0219at de impulsuri provenite de la " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Hormonii exercit\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni/efecte:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. somatotropul \u0219i parathormonul cresc eliminarea unor compu\u0219i ai K \u0219i P ", "B. tiroxina intensific\u0103 efectele stimul\u0103rii simpatice \u015fi degradarea glicogenului \u00een ficat ", "C. parathormonul \u0219i cortizolul cresc absorb\u021bia intestinal\u0103 a calciului ", "D. estrogenii stimuleaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103, mineralizarea oaselor, excre\u021bia apei \u015fi a Na+ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Epifiza:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. este delimitat\u0103 de o capsul\u0103 \u0219i con\u021bine celule gliale specializate (pinealocite) ", "B. secret\u0103 melatonin\u0103, hormon cu receptori numero\u0219i \u00een neuronii nucleului supraoptic ", "C. are inerva\u021bie simpatic\u0103 provenit\u0103 din coarnele laterale T1 -T3 \u0219i ganglionul cervical inferior ", "D. are secre\u021bia influen\u021bat\u0103 de lumin\u0103, ating\u00e2nd nivelul secretor maxim la ora 3 p.m. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afec\u021biunea produs\u0103 de o hipersecre\u021bie endocrin\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. boala Addison ", "B. gu\u0219a endemic\u0103 ", "C. boala Simmonds ", "D. diabetul bronzat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt e fecte ale insulinei la nivelul ficatului:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. cre\u015fterea gluconeogenezei ", "B. sc\u0103derea glicogenogenezei ", "C. sc\u0103derea lipogenezei ", "D. sc\u0103derea proteolizei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Membrana celular\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. este organizat\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul mozaicului fluid, observabil la microscopul optic ", "2. include proteine globulare \u0219i fibrilare de care sunt ata\u0219ate glucide \u00eenc\u0103rcate negativ ", "3. con\u021bine fosfolipide, reprezent\u00e2nd substratul molecular al func\u021biilor specializate membranare ", "4. include colesterol, inserat printre moleculele de fosfolipide, \u00een ambele straturi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Proteinele :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. plasmatice - transport\u0103 steroizi secreta\u0163i de o gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 cu origine mezodermic\u0103 ", "2. membranare - sunt implicate \u00een realizarea jon c\u021biunilor intercelulare ", "3. receptor de la nivelul microvililor gustativi - sunt implicate \u00een depolarizarea chemoreceptorilor ", "4. membranare cu rol de canale - sunt implicate \u00een transportul activ primar \u0219i secundar al cationilor Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prezint\u0103 vasculariza\u021bie proprie \u021besutul :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. conjunctiv fibros de la nivelul tendonului lui Ahile ", "2. epitelial de tranzi\u021bie de la nivelul ureterelor ", "3. reticulat din m\u0103duva ro\u0219ie osoas\u0103 ", "4. conjunctiv semidur din scheletul embrionului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Celulele polinucleate umane pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. au dimensiuni microscopice sau macroscopice ", "2. prezint\u0103 nucleii pozi\u021biona\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna central ", "3. pot avea form\u0103 cilindric\u0103, fusiform\u0103 sau stelat\u0103 ", "4. au doar doi centrioli, fiecare cu c\u00e2te nou\u0103 dublete de microtubuli " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Epiteliile simple cilindrice:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sunt alc\u0103tuite din celule \u00eenalte, care pot prezenta la polul apical cili sau microvili ", "2. pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul unor c\u0103i genitale feminine \u0219i \u00een tubii uriniferi ", "3. pot con\u021bine celule glandulare globuloase secretoare de mucus sau enzime ", "4. apar \u00een mucoasa tubului digestiv, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cavitatea bucal\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la rect " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prelungirile celulifuge ale neuronilor cu originea \u00eentr -un ganglion prevertebral pot:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. conduce impulsul nervos cu o vitez\u0103 de 10 m/secund\u0103 ", "2. realiza la nivelul efectorului sinapse cu media\u021bie colinergic\u0103 sau adrenergic\u0103 ", "3. influen\u021ba prin impulsurile transmise activitatea viscerelor abdomino -pelvine ", "4. participa la o sinaps\u0103 colinergic\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu neuronii medulosuprarenalei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Con\u021bin sinapse interneuronale ce implic\u0103 un neuron pseudounipolar:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. nucleii bulbari Goll \u0219i Burdach ", "2. coarnele anterioare medulare ", "3. coarnele posterioare medulare ", "4. ganglionii spinali \u0219i trigeminali " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nervii cranieni VII \u015fi IX au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. includ \u00een alc\u0103tuirea lor prelungiri ale unor neuroni ganglionari ", "2. conduc impulsuri pentru formarea de senza\u0163ii \u00een girusul postcentral ", "3. inerveaz\u0103 grupe de mu\u015fchi stria\u0163i de la nivelul extremit\u0103\u0163ii cefalice ", "4. con\u021bin fibre visceromotor ii care fac sinaps\u0103 cu celule glandulare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre puntea lui Varolio este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. are raport posterior cu o dilata\u021bie aflat\u0103 \u00een prelungirea canalului ependimar ", "2. prime\u0219te impulsuri senzitive de la nivelul ganglionul Gasser ", "3. con\u021bine neuroni de execu\u021bie pentru motilitatea voluntar\u0103 ", "4. are raport inferior cu originile reale ale nervilor VI, VII \u0219i VIII " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre func\u021bia de conducere a trunchiului cerebral se poate afirma:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. c\u0103ile de asocia\u021bie prin fascicule proprii leag\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna nuc leii ce apar\u021bin trunchiului cerebral ", "2. fibrele descendente ale fasciculului longitudinal dorsal apar\u021bin c\u0103ilor de asocia\u021bie ", "3. c\u0103ile ascendente nespecifice au \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 fibre scurte interpuse \u00eentre bulb \u0219i talamus ", "4. este realizat\u0103 de fibre descendente care se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103 la nivelul \u00eentregului trunchi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cerebelul prime\u015fte aferen\u0163e de la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. nucleii cohleari ", "2. coarnele posterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "3. nucleii vestibulari ", "4. coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt reflexe vegetative medulare simpatice:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. cele sudoral e, pilomotor ii \u0219i vasomotorii, care au centrii la nivelul coarnelor laterale T1-L2 ", "2. cele prin care se stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea cardiac\u0103 (T1 -T4) \u0219i motilitatea gastrointestinal\u0103 (T6 -L2) ", "3. cel care are ca efectori mu\u0219chii radiari ciliari, determin\u00e2nd aplatizarea cristalinului (C7/C8 -T2) ", "4. cele care determin\u0103 inhibarea mic\u0163iunii \u015fi a defeca\u0163iei, prin fibre cu originea \u00een m\u0103duva sacrat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Nervii trigemeni:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. au fibrele senzitive pozi\u021bionate lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de cele motorii, la nivelul originilor aparente ", "2. prezint\u0103 fibre somatosenzitive care pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul orbitelor ", "3. prezint\u0103 \u00een ganglionul de pe traseul lor neuroni ale c\u0103ror prelungiri celulipete sunt mielinizate ", "4. asigur\u0103 inerva\u021bia nasului prin fibre ale ramurilor senzitive, olfactive \u015fi maxilare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ganglionii vegetativi:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. paravertebrali - reprezint\u0103 originea unor fibre simpatice postganglionare cu distribu\u021bie la nivelul ", "2. terminali - reprezint\u0103 originea fibrelor parasimpatice implicate \u00een realizarea de sinapse neuroefectoare ", "3. prevertebrali - reprezint\u0103 locuri \u00een care fibrele visceromotorii ale nervilor splanhnici realizeaz\u0103 sinapse colinergice ", "4. prezen\u021bi pe traseul nervilor cranieni mic\u0219ti (V, VII, IX, X) con\u021bin neuroni visceroaferen\u021bi afla\u021bi \u00een rela\u021bie cu interoceptorii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Globul ocular \u0219i urechea:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. ad\u0103postesc celule receptoare adap tate pentru m\u0103rirea suprafe\u021bei de recep\u021bie ", "2. con\u021bin lichide care ajut\u0103 structura receptoare s\u0103 perceap\u0103 stimulul ", "3. sunt implicate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea normal\u0103 a activit\u0103 \u021bii motorii ", "4. sunt sediul unor reflexe de orientare realizate de coliculii cvadrigemeni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Motilitatea tubului digestiv este controlat\u0103 de impulsuri conduse prin fibre:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. preganglionare pneumogastrice, cu originea \u00een nucleul ambiguu din bulbul rahidian ", "2. parasimpatice preganglionare \u0219i simpatice postganglionare ale plexului hipogastric ", "3. parasimpatice ale nervilor vagi \u015fi pelvieni, determin\u00e2nd relaxarea intestinului gros ", "4. simpatice ale nervului spanhnic mic, determin\u00e2nd contrac\u0163ia sfincterului ileocecal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi variantele corecte de r\u0103spuns:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. rodopsina sensibilizeaz\u0103 bastona\u0219ele pentru radia\u021biile albastre ", "2. un sunet cu amplitudinea de 100 decibeli poate determina afec\u021biuni auditive ", "3. labirintita se manifest\u0103 prin mi\u0219c\u0103ri involuntare ale globilor ocular ", "4. temperatura optim\u0103 de percep\u021bie a substan\u021belor insipide este \u00een jur de 240C " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Mucoasa olfactiv\u0103:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se \u00eentinde la nivelul lamei ciuruite a osului etmoid \u0219i a cornetului nazal superior ", "2. con\u021bine la nivelul epiteliului s\u0103u \u0219i glande mucoase stimulate de nervul VII ", "3. are rela\u021bii de vecin\u0103tate cu o structur\u0103 osoas\u0103 prin \u021besutul s\u0103u conjunctiv ", "4. similar mucoasei linguale con\u021bine un epiteliu cu celule pavimentoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cupola gelatinoas\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 o membran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu granule de carbonat de calciu \u0219i de magneziu ", "2. se \u00eenclin\u0103 c\u00e2nd capul \u0219i corpului sufer\u0103 acceler\u0103ri liniare (\u00eenainte, \u00eenapoi, lateral) ", "3. este secretat\u0103 de celulele de sus\u0163inere ale maculelor utricular\u0103 \u015fi sacular\u0103 ", "4. este o forma\u0163iune \u00een care p\u0103trund cilii celulelor senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la afec\u021biunile analizatorilor:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. rinita alergic\u0103 peren\u0103 se manifest\u0103 prin str\u0103nut, prurit, rinoree ", "2. febra f\u00e2nului este cauzat\u0103 de alergeni reprezenta\u0163i de diferite tipuri de polen ", "3. otita medie acut\u0103 este favorizat\u0103 de afec\u021biuni virotice respiratorii Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a ", " 4. z\u0103bala este inflama\u021bia purulent\u0103 a foliculului pilo -sebaceu " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Micozele:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sunt produse de dermatofi\u021bi \u0219i se clasific\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de agentul patogen ", "2. keratomicozele se manifest\u0103 sub forma unor pl\u0103ci brune ", "3. pilomicozele pot afecta \u0219i zonele lipsite de p\u0103r \u0219i unghiile ", "4. pot fi produse de Candida albicans , Tinea sp. , Stafilococcus sp. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 efecte ale secre\u021biei glandei situate retrosternal:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. fr\u00e2narea dezvolt\u0103rii gonadelor ", "2. stimularea demineraliz\u0103rii osoase ", "3. oprirea mitozelor ", "4. inhibarea eliber\u0103rii hormonilor gonadotropi hipofizari " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Secre\u0163ia de insulin\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. cortizol ", "2. glucagon ", "3. somatotrop ", "4. gastrina " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sistemul port hipofizar:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. cuprinde vene porte precedate \u0219i succedate de capilare hipotalamice, respectiv hipofizare ", "2. include capilarele care con\u021bin s\u00e2nge adus de artera hipofizar\u0103 superioar\u0103 ", "3. transport\u0103 hormoni care au rol de prim mesager, leg\u00e2ndu -se de membranele celulelor \u021bint\u0103 ", "4. transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een neurosecre\u021bii \u00een sensul hipotalamus \u2192 adenohipofiz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre hormoni sunt corecte:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. leptina, produs\u0103 de \u0163esutul adipos, inhib\u0103 oxid\u0103rile celulare ", "2. colecistochinina stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia sucului pancreatic ", "3. peptidul natriuretic atrial \u0219i aldosteronul cresc natremia ", "4. timocrescina intervine \u00een metabolismul calciului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Disfunc\u0163iile glandelor suprarenale se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. boala Conn (boala bronzat\u0103) \u2013 poliurie, polidipsie, tulbur\u0103ri neuromusculare ", "2. sindromul suprarenogenital \u2013 pubertate precoce sau fenomene de feminizare/masculinizare ", "3. sindromul Cushing \u2013 adipozitate, hirsutism,hipotensiune, hipo glicemie ", "4. boala Addison \u2013 melanodermie, astenie neuromuscular\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri gastro -intestinale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. glicogenoliza muscular\u0103 este stimulat\u0103 de adrenalin\u0103 \u0219i de glucagon ", "2. reglarea secre\u021biei pancreasului insular se face nervos \u0219i umoral, \u00een func\u0163ie de valorile glicemiei ", "3. renina este secretat\u0103 de suprarenale \u00een condi\u0163iile sc\u0103derii presiunii sangvine ", "4. inhibina, secretat\u0103 de corpul galben, influen\u021beaz\u0103 secre\u021bia gonadotropinelor hipofizare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre tiroid\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. are secre\u021bia controlat\u0103, \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit, de hipofiz\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de concentra\u021bia plasmatic\u0103 a T 4 ", "2. con\u021bine foliculi cu o cantitate redus\u0103 de coloid \u0219i delimita\u021bi de un strat de celule \u00eenalte, \u00een hiposecre\u021bie ", "3. poate avea activitatea secre torie influen\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i de epifiz\u0103, de stres, de varia\u021bii termice ", "4. con\u021bine, printre foliculi, celule speciale a c\u0103ror secre\u021bie este stimulat\u0103 ori de c\u00e2te ori scade nivelul calcemiei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Hipoglicemia poate determina:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. eliberarea unei neurosecre\u021bii sub influen\u021ba impulsurilor transmise prin fibre preganglionare lungi ", "2. cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranei adipocitelor \u0219i a hepatocitelor pentru glucoz\u0103 ", "3. mobilizarea acizilor gra\u0219i din \u021besutul adipos, sub influen\u021ba frac\u0163iunii libere a hidrocortizonului Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X I-a ", " 4. stimularea gluconeogenezei din aminoacizi \u0219i din colesterol sub influen\u021ba glucagonului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii hormoni sunt secreta\u021bi de sistemul endocrin paracrin:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. prostaglandinele, care moduleaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi celulare ", "2. vasotocina, care intervine \u00een reglarea metabolismului mineral ", "3. histamina, care particip\u0103 la reac\u021biile imune ", "4. eritropoietina, care este secretat\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XI", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri , cea mai mare parte din volumul creierului este ocupat \u0103 de:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. lobii optici, localiza\u021bi \u00een par tea dorsal\u0103 a mezencefalului ", "B. corpii stria\u021bi, localiza\u021bi \u00een partea bazal\u0103 a emisferelor cerebrale ", "C. coliculii cvadrigemeni , care asigu r\u0103 reflexele de orientare vizual\u0103 \u0219i auditiv\u0103 ", "D. paleocerebel, care controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Valvele din structura sistemului circulator al mamiferelor sunt:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. tricuspid\u0103, la nivelul orificiului atrio -ventricular situat , anatomic, la st\u00e2nga arterei pulmona re ", "B. sigmoide, situate la originea aortei , arterelor pulmonare \u0219i a coronarelor ", "C. bicuspid\u0103, la nivelul orificiului atrio -ventricular situat , anatomic, la st\u00e2nga septului interventricular ", "D. fibroase, ancorate de pere\u021bii arterelor \u0219i venelor circula\u021biei sistemice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La m\u0103r , fotosinteza este maxim\u0103 la un deficit de ap\u0103 al frunzelor de 13% \u0219i scade \u00een intensitate la o hidratare mai mare deoarece:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 spa\u021biile intercelulare diminu\u00e2ndu -se difuzia gazelor ", "B. cre\u0219te v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei \u0219 i viteza de circula\u021bie a moleculelor ", "C. se intensific\u0103 consumul de energie necesar pentru absorb\u021bia apei ", "D. se \u00eenchid ostiolele pentru reducerea transpira\u021biei \u0219i diminueaz\u0103 difuzia gazelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Venele pulmonare \u0219i venele cave ale mamiferelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ca racteristici comune:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. viteza de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui cre\u0219te de la origine c\u0103tre v\u0103rsare ", "B. transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge venos de la \u021besuturi la inim\u0103 ", "C. sunt vene pereche cu originea \u00een atrii ", "D. prezint\u0103 sfinctere pe traseul lor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Bacteriile autotrofe:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. asimileaz\u0103 carbonul reduc\u00e2nd amoniacul din aerul atmosferic ", "B. transform\u0103 aerob \u0219i anaerob substan\u021bele organice \u00een acid lactic ", "C. oxideaz\u0103 compu\u0219i organic i \u2013 NH 3, H2S \u2013 pentru nutri\u021bi a prin chemosintez\u0103 ", "D. pot asimila dioxidul de carbon prin procese de reducere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Structuri adaptate procesu lui de guta\u021bie sunt :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. stomate le ", "B. cuticule ", "C. lenticele ", "D. hidatode le " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Speciile a sociate \u00een urm\u0103toarele variante , cu moduri fundamentale de nutri\u021bie diferite , sunt :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Helycobacter pylori \u2013 Mycoderma aceti ", "B. Mucor mucedo \u2013 Streptococcus lactis ", "C. Valeriana officinalis \u2013 Orobanche minor ", "D. Lactobacillus bulgaricus \u2013 Bacillus thuringiensis " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La nivelul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor mamiferelor aerul inspirat parcurge , \u00een ordine , urm\u0103torul traseu:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cavitate nazal\u0103, faringe, laringe, trahee, bronhii, bronhiole, acini pulmonari ", "B. bronhii principale, bronhii segmentare, bronhii lobare, bronhiole, acini pulmonari ", "C. bronhii lobare, bronhii segmentare, bronhiole lobulare, acini pulmonari ", "D. bronhii lobare, bronhiole lobulare, bronhiole segmentare, acini pulmonari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul inspira\u021biei normale a mamiferelor:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. diafragmul coboar\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103re\u0219te dia metrul antero -posterior al cutiei toracice ", "B. presiunea aerului la nivelul alveolelor pulmonare scade ", "C. prin contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor intercostali interni cre\u0219te volumul cutiei toracice ", "D. volumul pulmonar cre\u0219te cu: C.P.T. \u2013 (V.R. + V.C. + V.E.R.) " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia sevei \u00een tuburile ciuruite spre deosebire de cea din vasele lemnoase se realizeaz\u0103 cu vitez\u0103 mai mic\u0103 deoarece:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. necesit\u0103 energie produs\u0103 prin reac\u021bii de hidroliz\u0103 a glucozei ", "B. celulele din structura vaselor liberiene au pere\u021bi ornamenta \u021bi ", "C. permeabilitatea pere\u021bilor celulari pentru substan\u021bele organice este mai mare ", "D. celulele tuburilor ciuruite sunt vii \u0219i con\u021bin citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ficatul \u0219i pancreasul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. sunt glande exocrine anexe ale sistemului digestiv ", "B. elimin\u0103 sucuri digestive \u00een prima por\u021biune liber\u0103 a intestinului sub\u021bire ", "C. particip\u0103 la digestie prin procese fizice \u0219i chimice din care rezult\u0103 ap\u0103 ", "D. sunt conectate func\u021bional prin vena port\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celulele glandulare ale plantelor de piersic secret\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 ", "B. nectar ", "C. latex ", "D. amidon " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Chemosinteza spre deosebire de fotosintez\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. este realizat\u0103 de toate organismele unicelulare ", "B. presupune transformarea energiei luminoase \u00een energie chimic\u0103 ", "C. caracterizeaz\u0103 organismele autotrofe din ecosisteme ", "D. utilizeaz\u0103 energie rezultat\u0103 , de regul\u0103, din oxidarea unor substan\u021be din medi u " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mycoderma aceti:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. transform\u0103 aerob alcoolul etilic \u00een acid acetic ", "B. mineralizeaz\u0103 resturile anorganice din sol ", "C. se poate hr\u0103ni cu substan\u021be organice variate ", "D. produce antibiotice pentru \u00eenl\u0103turarea concuren\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul coacerii:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. frunzele se deshidrateaz\u0103 ac tiv chiar dac\u0103 mediul este umed ", "B. frunzele de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie respir\u0103 mai pu\u021bin intens dec\u00e2t \u00een perioada cre\u0219terii boabelor ", "C. fructele re\u021bin activ apa \u00een orice condi\u021bii de umiditate ", "D. semin\u021bele se hidrateaz\u0103 mai intens \u00een mediu uscat datorit\u0103 programului genetic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Acidul lactic este:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. utilizat \u00een industria alcoolului ", "B. un bun conservant ", "C. rezultat al descompunerii aerobe a glucozei ", "D. un produs final de digestie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Disc oral \u0219i din\u021bi corno\u0219i au:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. pe\u0219tii r\u0103pitori ", "B. ciclostomii 3 ", " C. broa\u0219tele \u021bestoase ", "D. amfibienii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia anaerob\u0103 spre deosebire de cea aerob\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. apare la plantele superioare ", "B. este o oxidare incomplet\u0103 ", "C. produce o cantitate mai mare de energie ", "D. are loc \u00een mitocondrii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Simbioze se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. alge ro\u0219ii \u0219i ciuperci ", "B. brad \u0219i cianobacterii ", "C. bacterii \u0219i mamifere ", "D. orhidee \u0219i bact erii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Acizii gra\u0219i \u0219i monogliceridele:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. pot rezulta printr -o hidroliz\u0103 incomplet\u0103 ", "B. sunt produ\u0219i finali ai digestiei bucale ", "C. rezult\u0103 din reac\u021bii catalizate amilolitc ", "D. sunt substan\u021be de natur\u0103 glucidic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Lizozomii la protozoare:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. fuzioneaz\u0103 cu vacuola digestiv\u0103 ", "B. diger\u0103 substan\u021be cu ajutorul enzimelor mitocondriale ", "C. \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 particule solide prin pinocitoz\u0103 ", "D. con\u021bin biocatalizatori nespecializa\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Oxigenul produs de plantele autotrofe rezult\u0103 din:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. ap\u0103 ", "B. clorofil\u0103 ", "C. s\u0103ruri minerale ", "D. dioxidul de carbon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Nutri\u021bia mixotrof\u0103 :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este un mod fundamental de nutri\u021bie ", "B. caracterizeaz\u0103 doar organismelor autotrofe ", "C. poate implica specii autotrofe \u0219i heterotrofe ", "D. este un tip de parazitism la animale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Enzim\u0103 proteolitic\u0103 este:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. carboxipeptidaza gastric\u0103 ", "B. galactoza intestinal\u0103 ", "C. elastaza pancreat ic\u0103 ", "D. colagenaza hepatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura primar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii spre deosebire de cea a tulpinii, la nivelul cilindrului central, se poate observa:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. un cambiu subero -felodermic cu a\u0219ezare circular\u0103 ", "B. dispozi\u021bia alternant\u0103 a lemnului \u0219i liberului primar ", "C. endoderm\u0103 li psit\u0103 de func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie ", "D. un num\u0103r mare de lenticele cu rol \u00een excre\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Frunzele din mijlocul c\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nii de varz\u0103 se decoloreaz\u0103 din cauza:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. deficitului de dioxid de carbon din \u021besutul lacunar ", "B. absen\u021bei pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori de tip carotenoid din frunz e ", "C. condi\u021bion\u0103rii procesului de sintez\u0103 a clorofilei de prezen\u021ba luminii ", "D. absen\u021bei \u021besutului palisadic din frunzele ce formeaz\u0103 miezul c\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fosele nazale:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. sunt c\u0103ptu\u0219ite de un epiteliu pseudostratificat ", "B. con\u021bin celule epiteliale cu rol senzorial olfact iv, tactil, termic ", "C. sunt lipsite de o comunicare direct\u0103 cu faringele, la pe\u0219ti ", "D. comunic\u0103 cu urechea intern\u0103, prin trompa lui Eustachio, la amfibieni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Stomatele :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. r\u0103m\u00e2n deschise \u00een frunzel e ofilite ale plantelor ", "B. sunt \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu spa\u021biile cu aer ale \u021besutului lacunar ", "C. con\u021bin o cantitate invariabil\u0103 de substan\u021be organice ", "D. sunt mai numeroase la plantele xerofite " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fibrele musculare din structura colonului se deosebesc de cele din structura faringelui prin:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba miofibrilelor ", "B. dispozi\u021bia periferic\u0103 a nucle ilor ", "C. aspectul lor microscopic ", "D. faptul c\u0103 dezvolt\u0103 o for\u021b\u0103 de trac\u021biune " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile fiziologice corecte implicate \u00een asigurarea pozi\u021biei corpului \u0219i \u00een realizar ea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. nucleii senzitivi vestibulari \u2013 arhicerebel ", "2. mugurii gustativi - girul postcentral al scoar\u021bei cerebrale ", "3. creste ampulare \u2013 nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral ", "4. nuclei senzitivi olfactivi \u2013 paleocerebel " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen controlarea tonusului muscular al vertebratelor sunt implicate urm\u0103toarele componente ale sistemului nervos central:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. corpii stria\u021bi , subordona\u021bi scoar\u021bei cerebrale, \u00een cazul mamiferelor ", "2. nucleul ro\u0219u, doar pentru vertebratele cu ureche extern\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103 ", "3. mielencefalul, \u00een cazul vertebratelor homeoterme ", "4. neocer ebelul metencefalic , \u00een cazul tuturor vertebratelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celulele senzoriale ale maculelor, spre deosebire de cele din structura crestelor ampulare:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103ri ale otoli\u021bilor \u00een creasta ge latinoas\u0103 ", "2. recep\u021bioneaz\u0103 informa\u021bii care se transmit c\u0103tre lobul cerebelos comun tuturor vertebratelor ", "3. pot fi stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale capului \u0219i corpului ", "4. sunt localizate la pe\u0219ti \u00een componenta urechii interne care con\u021bine \u0219i receptori auditivi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dispozitivul de amplificare al urechii medii \u00een cazul vertebratelor cu respira\u021bie dubl\u0103, pulmonar\u0103 \u0219i cutanee, cuprinde :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. timpan ", "2. membrana ferestrei ovale ", "3. columel\u0103 ", "4. membrana ferestrei rotunde " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Irigarea unei culturi de plante se poate impune \u00een urm\u0103toarele s itua\u021bii , c\u00e2nd :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune are valoare maxim\u0103 ", "2. temperatura este crescut\u0103 \u0219i aerul uscat ", "3. volumul vacuolar \u0219i turgescen\u021ba celular\u0103 scad ", "4. spa\u021biile intercelulare din mezofil cresc " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Arcurile reflexe ale mi\u0219c\u0103rilor de flexie \u0219i extensie a membrelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin un neuron somatosenzitiv \u0219i un neuron somatomotor ai c\u0103ror axoni intr\u0103 \u00een structura nervilor spinali ", "2. sunt provocate de stimularea proprioceptorilor \u0219i a chemore ceptorilor din mu\u0219chiul scheletic ", "3. preiau informa\u021biile de la receptori prin intermediul dendritelor neuronilor din ganglionii spinali ", "4. determin\u0103 un r\u0103spuns motor con\u0219tient \u0219i voluntar datorit\u0103 centrilor reflec\u0219i parietali direct implica\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sucul pancreatic \u0219i intestinal prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comun e:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin mucus \u0219i bicarbonat de natriu ", "2. au un pH alcalin care favorizeaz\u0103 digestia chimic\u0103 ", "3. au \u00een compozi\u021bia lor enzim e lipolitice dependente de s\u0103rurile biliare ", "4. con\u021bin enzime proteolitice inactive secretate de glande anexe ale tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Diencefal ul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. cei mai volumino\u0219i nuclei primesc informa\u021bii tactile, termice, olfactive \u0219i gustative ", "2. nucleii situa\u021bi ventral intervin \u00een termoreglare la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", "3. conexiunea, \u00een plan dorsal , cu glanda endocrin\u0103 hipofiza ", "4. participarea la realizarea func\u021biilor vegetative, senzitive \u0219i de reglare a comportamentului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura inimii sunt prezente:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. celule musculare, cu proprietatea de generare ritmic\u0103 a impulsurilor ", "2. musculatura striat\u0103 , mai dezvoltat \u0103 \u00een compartimentul de origine al ci rcula\u021biei sistemice ", "3. epitelii sub\u021biri , cu rol de protec\u021bie , \u00eenso\u021bite de \u021besut conjunctiv lax ", "4. mu\u0219chi papila ri pe fa\u021ba intern\u0103 a ventriculelor, conecta\u021bi cu cordaje tendinoase " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fumatul este un factor favorizant al:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. aterosclerozei ", "2. gastritei ", "3. infarctului miocard ic ", "4. tulbur\u0103rilor de memorie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Compar\u00e2nd \u021besuturile moarte rezultate din activitatea meristemelor laterale, stabili\u021bi caracteristici le comune:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. sunt caracteristice \u0219i structurii primare ", "2. particip\u0103 la func\u021bia de rezisten\u021b\u0103 ", "3. sunt localizate la nivelul scoar\u021bei ", "4. au celule cu pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Reptilele sunt superioare amfibienilor deoarece:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. \u00eentre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i intestinul gros exist\u0103 o diferen\u021biere net\u0103 ", "2. acomodarea ochiului pentru vederea la distan\u021b\u0103 se poate realiza \u0219i prin mod ificarea curburii cris talinului ", "3. activitate a nervoas\u0103 este controlat\u0103 dominant de la nivel telencefalic ", "4. nefronii rinichilor de tip metanefros se perfec\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin apari\u021bia capsulei Bowmann " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Defectele de vedere cauzate de modific\u0103ri ale sistemului optic al globului ocular se c aracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. hipermetropia \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile convergente care m\u0103resc puterea de refrac\u021bie ", "2. strabismul \u2013 se corecteaz\u0103 prin interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 sau cu ochelari ", "3. astigmatismul \u2013 focalizarea incorect\u0103 a luminii, se corecteaz\u0103 cu lentile cil indrice ", "4. miopia \u2013 este cauzat\u0103 de alungirea globului ocular sau de refrac\u021bia exagerat\u0103 a lentilei divergente a acestuia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin fotosintez\u0103 se formeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. proteine \u0219i glucide ", "2. dioxid de carbon \u0219i ap\u0103 ", "3. ATP \u0219i oxigen ", "4. lipide \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Lactoza este:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. un glu cid ", "2. o enzim\u0103 ", "3. un dizaharid ", "4. o dizaharidaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celule care redob\u00e2ndesc capacitate a de diviziune se afl\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. meristemele secundare ", "2. cambiul subero -felodermic ", "3. meristemele laterale ", "4. cambiul libero -lemnos " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul cortical erectil \u0219i colenchimul sunt prezente \u00een stru ctura frunzelor de :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Hepatica sp. ", "2. Oxalis acetose lla ", "3. Brassica napus ", "4. Mimosa sp. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Clorofila este prezent\u0103 la :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Lathraea squamaria ", "2. Laboulbenia bayeri 6 ", " 3. Orobanche minor ", "4. Ginkgo biloba " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile mecanice:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. dau rezisten\u021b\u0103 organelor plantei ", "2. sus\u021bin greutatea propriului corp ", "3. sunt colenchim uri \u0219i sclerenchimuri ", "4. se g\u0103sesc \u00een nervuri ale frunzelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fagocitoz\u0103 realizeaz\u0103 unele:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. leucocite ", "2. celule gliale ", "3. protozoare ", "4. celule nervoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mamiferele ierbivore:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. au stomac foarte \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103tor ", "2. consum\u0103 hran\u0103 s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be nutritive ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 m\u0103run\u021bire a hranei vegetale ", "4. au molari rotunji\u021bi care strivesc hrana " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Plantele adaptate la umbr\u0103 spre deosebire de cele iubitoare de lumin\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. au platoul maxim al fotosintezei mai cobor\u00e2t ", "2. con\u021bin cloroplaste mai mari \u00een frunze ", "3. au frunze mai sub\u021b iri \u0219i mai mult\u0103 clorofil\u0103 ", "4. produc mai multe substan\u021be organice pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219te iluminarea " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Produc\u0103tori pot fi considera\u021bi:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. lupoaia \u0219i muma -p\u0103durii ", "2. sulfo - \u0219i ferobacteriile ", "3. v\u00e2scul \u0219i cuscuta ", "4. gr\u00e2ul \u0219i dracila " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Bacterioz\u0103 este:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. antraxul ", "2. leptospiroza ", "3. salm oneloza ", "4. tricofi\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Biomasa:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. rezult\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 ", "2. se poate fosiliza ", "3. furnizeaz\u0103 hrana ", "4. stocheaz\u0103 energie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celule uninucleate sunt:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. celulele cartilaginoase ", "2. eritrocitele p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", "3. celulele Schwann ", "4. fibrele musculare striate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Saprofitele:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. igienizeaz\u0103 mediul natural ", "2. pot descompune poluan\u021bi ", "3. mineralizeaz\u0103 resturile organice ", "4. produc chemoautotrof substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Medii bogate \u00een hidrogen sulfurat, exist\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. unele ape st\u0103t\u0103toare ", "2. Marea Neagr\u0103 ", "3. unele pe\u0219teri ", "4. zona vulcanilor submarini " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea/asocieri le corecte:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. \u021besut acvifer -plante acvatice ", "2. \u021besut colenchimatic -nervurile frunzelor ", "3. \u021besut aerifer -plante din de\u0219ert ", "4. \u021besut de depozitare a amidonului -tubercul de cartof " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La nivelul butonului terminal se g\u0103sesc:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. mitocondrii ", "2. proteine neuroreceptoare ", "3. vezicule si naptice ", "4. corpusculi Nissl " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pigmen\u0163ii asimilatori:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt plasa\u021bi pe membrana extern\u0103, tilacoidal\u0103, a cloroplastului ", "B. emit prin fluorescen\u021b\u0103 lumin\u0103 de culoare verde ", "C. sunt asocia\u021bi cu alte substan\u021be, mai ales proteine ", "D. transfer\u0103 energia chimic\u0103 a oxigenului pus \u00een libertate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bronhiile mamiferelor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. formarea sacilor alveolari \u00een regiunea lor terminal\u0103 \u0219i \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "B. existen\u021ba , \u00een pere\u021bi , a unui \u021besut conjunctiv lipsit de vasculariza\u021bie ", "C. asocierea cu capilare la nivelul c\u0103rora are loc oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui ", "D. predominan\u021ba \u021besutului muscular striat \u00een structura pere\u021bilor lor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Produsul de secre\u021bie al hepatocitelor con\u021bine :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. mucus cu rol \u00een transformarea con\u021binutului gastric acid \u00eentr -unul bazic ", "B. s\u0103ruri biliare care activeaz\u0103 lipazele gastrice \u0219i emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele ", "C. lecitin\u0103 \u0219i colesterol care favorizeaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia glicogenului \u0219i a acizilor gra\u0219i ", "D. substan\u021be rezultate din degradarea hem oglobinei care dau culoare caracteristic\u0103 urinei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Laringita se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. vorbire r\u0103gu\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i spasme ale bronhiilor ", "B. dureri la \u00eenghi\u021bire \u0219i modific\u0103ri ale respira\u021biei ", "C. dureri de cap \u0219i tuse cu expectora\u021bii ", "D. senza\u021bie de arsur\u0103 \u00een g\u00e2t \u0219i tuse seac\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Miopia poate s\u0103 fie :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. corectat\u0103 cu ajutorul lentilelor biconcave, convergente ", "B. determinat\u0103 de sc\u0103derea puterii de refrac\u0163ie a cristalinului ", "C. provocat \u0103 de un defect structural, uneori ereditar, al globului ocular ", "D. indus\u0103 c\u00e2nd axele optice nu mai sunt proiectate paralel pe retin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ganglionul spinal este alc\u0103tuit din neuroni :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. conecta\u021bi prin axoni cu pr oprioceptorii din mu\u0219chiul scheletic ", "B. care prezint\u0103 prelungiri ce formeaz\u0103 ramurile motorii ale nervului spinal ", "C. ale c\u0103ror dendrite particip\u0103 la formarea trunchi ului nervului spinal ", "D. ai c\u0103ror axoni \u0219i dendrite formeaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina ventral\u0103 a nervului spinal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Guta\u0163ia:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. const\u0103 \u00een eliminarea a 1/10 din vapori i de ap\u0103 la nivelul frunzei prin cuticul\u0103 ", "B. este suplinit\u0103 de tra nspira\u021bie \u00een condi\u021bii de secet\u0103 \u0219i temperatur\u0103 crescut\u0103 ", "C. contribuie, al\u0103turi de transpira\u021bie, la transportul apei \u00een corpul plantelor ", "D. se realizeaz\u0103 , prin hidatode , la plantele xerofite , dac\u0103 este exces de ap\u0103 \u00een sol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Arcul reflexului rotulian :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. poate s\u0103 fie produs prin stimularea mu\u0219chiului cvadriceps femural ", "B. antreneaz\u0103 mai mul\u021bi neuroni de asocia\u021bie de la nivelul m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii ", "C. este un reflex de ap\u0103 rare, realizat prin retragerea unui segment al corpului ", "D. are neuronul senzitiv situat \u00een ganglionul de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina posterioar\u0103 a nervului spinal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Rinichiul mamiferelor prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. piramide le renale cu v\u00e2rful spre cortical\u0103 \u0219i cu baza spre pelvisul renal ", "B. o zon\u0103 cortical\u0103 cu aspect striat \u0219i una medular\u0103 cu aspect granular ", "C. o p\u00e2l nie membranoas\u0103 a l c\u0103rei v\u00e2rf se continu\u0103 cu ureterul ", "D. nefron cu p\u00e2lnie cilat\u0103 \u0219i cu p ere\u021bi dubli care ad\u0103poste\u0219te un glomerul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Butonul terminal al neuronului motor :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este zona de comunicare cu celule le musculare sau glandulare ", "B. con\u0163ine mitocondrii \u0219i su bstan\u021be chimice neuroreceptoare ", "C. transmite impulsul nervos spre neuronii de asocia\u021bie medulari ", "D. elibereaz\u0103 mediatorul chimic \u00een spa\u021biul presinaptic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Despre cerebel se poate afirma c\u0103 , la:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. toate vertebratele se formeaz\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a metencefalului ", "B. p\u0103s\u0103ri , paleocer ebelul atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 ", "C. mamifere , arhicer ebelul este conectat cu nucleii din puntea lui Varolio ", "D. ciclostomi , prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii din lagen\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La amfibieni:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. vena cutanee se drene az\u0103 \u00een venele pulmonare ", "B. mezencefalul prezint\u0103, ventral, doi lobi optici volumino\u0219i ", "C. urechea medie este sub f orma unei pungi esofagiane , laterale ", "D. intestinul sub\u021bire continu\u0103 cu cel gros care se deschide \u00een cloac\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Meristemele laterale:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 celule aflate \u00een diferite faze ale meiozei ", "B. deriv\u0103 din meristemele primordiale ale embrionului ", "C. asigur\u0103 , la planta adult\u0103, formarea meristemelor secundare ", "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u021be organice , la nivel celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia sevei elaborate prin corpul plantei :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. este mai rapid\u0103, \u00een general, comparativ cu ascensiunea sevei brute ", "B. se desf\u0103\u015foa r\u0103 prin celule vii ale traheelor bogat ornamentate ale angiospermelor ", "C. poate circula \u00een ambele sensuri, pasiv sau activ, consum\u00e2nd energie ", "D. se poate eviden\u021bia , vara , prin \u00eengro\u0219area l\u0103starului deasupra unei zone decorticate inelar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mezonefrosul:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. este tipul de rinichi al amfibienilor \u0219i reptilel or ", "B. produce o urin\u0103 foarte diluat\u0103 la pe\u0219tii de ap\u0103 dulce ", "C. con\u021bine nefroni numero\u0219i \u0219i foarte perfec\u021biona\u021bi ", "D. realizeaz\u0103 recuperarea apei \u00een cloac\u0103 la \u0219erpi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Atriul st\u00e2ng la mamifere:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este c\u0103ptu\u015fit de un epiteliu foarte sub\u021bire numit epicard ", "B. ancoreaz\u0103 prin cordaje tendinoase valvula atrio -ventricular\u0103 ", "C. prime\u015fte s\u00e2ngele oxigenat prin arterele pulmonare ", "D. are un perete muscular sub\u021bire \u0219i prezin t\u0103 cinci orificii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Arterele coronare :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se desprind din c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i din cea dreapt\u0103 la mamifere ", "B. apar\u021bin circula\u021biei mici a s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 inima cu substan\u021be nutritive \u0219i oxigen ", "C. pot fi astupate de cheaguri de s\u00e2nge av\u00e2nd drept consecin\u021b\u0103 necrozarea \u021besutului cardiac ", "D. transport\u0103 o cantitate mai m are de s\u00e2nge neoxigenat \u00een st\u0103ri de r\u0103ceal\u0103 pronun\u021bat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteriile nitrificatoare utili zeaz\u0103 energia rezultat\u0103 din :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. oxidarea unor nit ri\u021bi ", "B. oxidarea HNO 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la HNO 2 ", "C. reducerea amoniacului la HNO 3 ", "D. reducerea azotului molecular la NH 3 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt structuri avasculare:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. tendoanele mu\u0219chilor ", "B. \u021besutul osos compact ", "C. discurile intervertebrale ", "D. \u021besutul conjunctiv reticulat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mecanonastiile:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. pot fi observate la florile de Mimosa sp . ", "B. sunt independente de intensitatea stimulului ", "C. pot fi observate la foliolele de Oxalis acetosella ", "D. sunt condi\u021bionate de direc\u0163ia de ac\u021biune a excitantului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Haustorii la Lathraea squamaria preiau :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. substan\u021be organice din planta parazit\u0103 ", "B. sev\u0103 brut\u0103 din vasele liberiene ale gazdei ", "C. ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale din ramur ile arborilor ", "D. substan\u0163e nutritive din vas ele conduc\u0103toare ale gazdei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Zaharaza este :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. o oligopeptidaz\u0103 intestinal\u0103 ", "B. o enzim\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 ", "C. un di zaharid din sfecl\u0103 ", "D. un biocatalizator " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cenchiderea ostiolelor este determina t\u0103 de cre\u0219terea :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. concentra\u0163iei de substan\u0163e organice \u00een celulele stomatice ", "B. gradului de v\u00e2scozitate a citoplasmei din celulele plantei ", "C. concentra\u021biei de CO 2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2% \u00een aerul atmosferic ", "D. cantit\u0103\u021bii de ap\u0103 eliminate prin hidatodele hidrofitelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Precipitarea oxala\u021bi lor poate s\u0103 fie o cauz\u0103 pentru :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. ateroscleroz\u0103 ", "B. toxiinfec\u021bii alimentare ", "C. litiaza urinar\u0103 ", "D. paralizii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Caracter istic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 a leucocitelor este faptul c\u0103 :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. sunt celule nucleate ", "B. au forme diferite ", "C. recunosc antigene ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i limf\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La pe\u0219ti :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. urechea intern\u0103 prime\u0219te sunetele prin intermediul columelei ", "B. cristalinul este sferic, ela stic \u0219i ancorat prin mu\u0219chii retractori de coroid\u0103 ", "C. talamusul dirijeaz\u0103 impulsurile senzitive spre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 ", "D. mezencefalul prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii liniei la terale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nucleii ve getativi din trunchiul cerebral :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 mic\u021biunea \u0219i defeca\u021bia ", "B. sunt centrii unor reflexe programate gen etic ", "C. primesc impulsuri de la proprioceptori ", "D. comand\u0103 mi\u015fc\u0103ri ale limbii \u0219i faringelui " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Exoderma este :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. generat\u0103 de celulele meristemelor primordiale ", "B. format\u0103 din celule specializate care nu se mai divid ", "C. specializat\u0103 pentru a prelua toate func\u021biile rizodermei ", "D. alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din celule cu func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie pe toat\u0103 lungimea r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La plante, t emperatura peste valoarea optim\u0103 \u0219i deficitul de ap\u0103 din sol :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. modific\u0103 structura cloroplastelor prin alterarea enzimelor hidrolitice implicate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", "B. determin\u0103 \u00eenchiderea ostiolei stomatelor \u0219i mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare ale frunzei ", "C. scad v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei din celule , limit\u00e2ndu -se circula\u021bia gazelor la nivelul frunzei ", "D. \u00eencetinesc circula\u021bia intracelular\u0103 a moleculelor ne cesare func\u021biilor celulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii, for\u021ba de suc\u021biune este:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. mai mare \u00een celulele periciclului fa\u021b\u0103 de c ele ale m\u0103duvei ", "B. mai mic\u0103 \u00een celulele exodermei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale rizodermei ", "C. mai mare \u00een celulele exodermei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale endodermei ", "D. mai mic\u0103 \u00een celulele scoar\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale periciclului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacterii care transform\u0103 glucoza printr -un proces care are importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een prepararea mur\u0103turilor sunt :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ", "2. Mycoderma aceti ", "3. Streptococcus lactis ", "4. Saccharomyce s sp. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "At\u00e2t la p\u0103s\u0103ri c\u00e2t \u0219i la reptile:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 dreapt\u0103 porne\u0219te din ventriculul st\u00e2ng ", "2. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sunt situa\u021bi dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de coloana vertebral \u0103 ", "3. sistemul digestiv are un plan unic de organizare ", "4. celulele produc suficient\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 pentru men\u021binerea homeotermiei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La pe\u0219tii de ap\u0103 dulce presiunea osmotic\u0103 a mediului intern determin\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. intensificarea proceselor de recuperare a apei din urina primar\u0103 ", "2. producere a de urin\u0103 , sub form\u0103 de cristale , care se elimin\u0103 odat\u0103 cu materiile fecale ", "3. formarea de urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 la o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a apei ", "4. p\u0103trunderea apei din mediul extern dulcicol \u00een s\u00e2nge , la nivel branhial " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Animalele cu vedere monocular\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. pot privi acela\u0219i obiect simultan cu cei doi ochi ", "2. au vedere stereoscopic\u0103 ", "3. apreciaz\u0103 bine distan\u021bele \u0219i formele obiectelor ", "4. au un c\u00e2mp vizual foarte larg " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mucoasa cavit\u0103\u021bii nazale con\u021bine celule :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. chemosensibile de natur\u0103 nervoas\u0103 ", "2. mitrale, senzoriale, de natur\u0103 epitelial\u0103 ", "3. cu rol \u00een condi\u021bionarea aerului ", "4. multipolare , cu dendrite transformate \u00een cili " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Meristemele secundare:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. pot genera \u021besuturi cu rol \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", "2. sunt situate concentric \u00een interiorul axului organelor ", "3. pot forma celule cu pere\u021bi impermeabili ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 din activitatea meristemul ui apical " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 la homeoterme presupune :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. mi\u0219c\u0103ri ale plan\u0219eului bucal , la amfibieni ", "2. dubl\u0103 trecere a aerului prin pl\u0103m\u00e2ni , la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "3. inspira\u021bie activ\u0103 , la reptile terestre \u0219i acvatice ", "4. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor expiratori \u00een timpul marilor eforturi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Limitarea pierderii apei din \u021besuturile vegetale se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. defolierii sezoniere, la multe plante din zona temperat\u0103 ", "2. form\u0103rii perilor epidermici ce re\u021bin vapori de ap\u0103 ", "3. r\u0103sucirii frunzelor \u00een timpul perioadelor secetoase ", "4. reducerii dimensiunii frunzelor la xerofite " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cristalinul mamiferelor :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. este o lentil\u0103 covergent\u0103 , parte a sistemului optic ", "2. se bombeaz\u0103 pentru vederea unui obiect la distan\u021b\u0103 ", "3. \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma sub ac\u021biunea mu\u0219chi lor ciliari ", "4. se turte\u0219te pentru vederea unui obiect mai apropiat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lagena:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine receptorul auditiv la pe\u0219ti ", "2. este foarte alungit\u0103 la reptile ", "3. prezint\u0103 papila bazilar\u0103 la amfibieni ", "4. formeaz\u0103 melcul, cu rol \u00een amplificarea sunetelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Dintre receptorii tegumentari fac parte corpusculii:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Meissner ", "2. Krausse ", "3. Paccini ", "4. Ruffini " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Substan\u021be de rezerv\u0103 se depun \u00een:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. rizomul de p\u0103l\u0103mid\u0103 ", "2. bulbul de ghiocel ", "3. rizomul de m\u0103 rg\u0103ritar ", "4. r\u0103d\u0103cini le de ment\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Saprofitele:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. pot transforma acidul acetic \u00een alcool etilic ", "2. absorb substan\u021bele organice dizolvate \u00een ap\u0103 ", "3. descompun molecule mari solubile \u00een molecule mici insolubile ", "4. contribuie la igienizarea mediului , prin descompunerea cadavrelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie organizat\u0103 \u00een nuclei exist\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. telencefal ", "2. diencefal ", "3. mielencefal ", "4. metencefal " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Boala Parkinson se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. mers rigid cu pa\u0219i mici \u0219i cu corpul aplecat \u00eenainte ", "2. tremur\u0103turi ale membrelor inferioare ", "3. degenerarea sistemului nervos extrapirami dal ", "4. rigiditate muscular\u0103 pe anumite grupe de mu\u0219chi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi structura/structurile care au ca func\u021bii principale reglarea unor activit\u0103\u021bi motorii :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. corpii stria\u021bi ", "2. arhicereb elul ", "3. nucleul ro\u0219u ", "4. talamusul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Performan\u021bele scoar\u021bei cerebrale:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. sunt corelate cu complexitatea structural\u0103 a acesteia ", "2. se exprim\u0103 prin complexitatea comportamentelor ", "3. sunt determinate de num\u0103rul foarte mare de sinapse corticale ", "4. se coreleaz\u0103 numai cu volumul scoar\u021bei cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nucleii vegetativi ai hipotalamusului controleaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. comportame ntul alimentar ", "2. manifest\u0103ri legate de emo\u021bii ", "3. compozi\u021bia mediului intern ", "4. metabolismul organismului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Inflama\u021bia sau leziunea unui nerv poate ap\u0103rea din cauza:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. infec\u021biilor ", "2. tumorilor ", "3. traumatismelor ", "4. alcoolismului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00centoarcerea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een atrii este favorizat\u0103 , pentru venele de sub nivelul inimii , de c\u0103tre :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui din capilare ", "2. contrac\u021bia musculaturii scheletice a corpului ", "3. sistola ventriculului drept ", "4. valvulele de pe traiectul venelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor minerale de c\u0103tre plante:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe activitatea pompelor ionice ", "2. poate fi un proces activ/pasiv ", "3. se poate realiza prin difuziune ", "4. se realizeaz\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hematiile:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. sunt fragmente celulare anucleate ", "2. transport\u0103 gazele respiratorii \u00een stare dizolvat\u0103 ", "3. se g\u0103sesc \u00een toate lichidele mediului intern ", "4. \u00ee\u0219i realizeaz\u0103 func\u021bia cu ajut orul unei proteine ce con\u021bine fier " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lichidul intersti\u021bial:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. circul\u0103 mai lent dec\u00e2t s\u00e2ngele ", "2. este recuperat de vasele limfatice ", "3. are contact direct cu celulele ", "4. circul\u0103 prin vase cu ganglioni pe traseu " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Simbioze se realizea z\u0103 \u00eentre :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. unele ciuperci \u0219i unele specii de arbori ", "2. unele ciuperci \u0219i unele alge unicelulare verzi ", "3. unele plante superioare \u0219i bacteriile fixatoare de azot ", "4. unele plante semiparazite \u0219i unele plante superioare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La mamifere, m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este protejat\u0103 \u0219i hr\u0103nit\u0103 de sistemul meningeal ", "2. are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu encefalul p rin fascicule de axoni ", "3. con\u021bine centri nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe monosinaptice ", "4. este centrul reflexului vegetativ de flexie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prin digestie intracelular \u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. unele celule \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite, fagocitate de leucocite sunt hidrolizate ", "2. protozoarele, spongierii, celenteratele \u0219i mamiferele se hr\u0103nesc ", "3. substan\u021bele nutritive sunt hidrolizate cu ajutorul enzimelor lizozomale ", "4. vacuolele digestive dezvolt\u0103 noi structuri celulare \u00een procesul de metamorfoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de scl erenchimuri , colenchimurile :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. dau rezisten\u021b\u0103 organelor , la ac\u021biunea unor for\u021be ", "2. sunt \u021besuturi definitive cu celule specializate ", "3. rezult\u0103 din activitatea meristemelor secundare ", "4. au pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi neuniform " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Modalit\u0103\u021bi de pliere a suprafe\u021bei muco asei intestinale:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. microvilozit\u0103\u021bile celulelor intestinale ", "2. vilozit\u0103\u021bile intestinale ", "3. valvulele conivente ", "4. ansele intestinale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen fermenta\u021bia acetic\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. sunt implicate bacterii unicelulare ", "2. se \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 energia ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00een ATP ", "3. au loc reactii chimice cu importan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103 ", "4. se realizeaz\u0103 consum de substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "R\u0103d\u0103cinile au, de regul\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. fototropism pozitiv ", "2. chimiotropism pozitiv ", "3. hidrotropism negativ ", "4. geotropism pozitiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cele dou\u0103 tipuri de meristem secundar din structura organelor vegetale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele asem\u0103n\u0103ri:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 prin diferen\u021bierea celulelor \u021besuturilor definitive ", "B. genereaz\u0103 \u021besuturi specializate metabolic diferite ", "C. sunt \u021besuturi active la nivelul scoar\u021bei \u0219i cilindrului central ", "D. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ciclic , prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna , gener\u00e2nd inele anuale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 pentru sistemul digestiv al\u0103turat:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. intestinul gros - 9 se termin\u0103 cu rectul - 10 ", "B. componentul 4 este c\u0103ptu\u0219it de o membran\u0103 cornoas\u0103 ", "C. \u00een componentele 3 \u0219i 5 se realizea z\u0103 procese de digestie fizic\u0103 ", "D. componentele 2, 3, 4 \u0219i 7 au rol \u00een digestia " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Animalul al c\u0103rui tub digestiv poate fi reprezentat schematic astfel este:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. c\u00e2inele ", "B. iepurele ", "C. oaia ", "D. omul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul digestiei intestinale:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. bila hidrolizeaz\u0103 lipidele \u00ee n pic\u0103turi mai mici ", "B. HCl activeaz\u0103 enzimele proteolitice ", "C. amilaza pancreatic\u0103 descompune maltoza ", "D. oligopeptidazele scindeaz\u0103 grupurile de 2 -4 aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Helycobacter pylori :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. este un organism procariot rezistent la pH acid ", "B. are o nutri\u021bie heterotrof\u0103 saprofit \u0103 specializat\u0103 ", "C. determin\u0103 toxiinfec\u021bii alimentare la oameni ", "D. se multiplic\u0103 \u00een apendicele vermiform " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Constituie o adaptare a tubului digestiv la natura hranei:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. stomacul tetracameral - la cal \u0219i oaie ", "B. lipsa glandelor salivare - la crap \u0219i caras ", "C. delimitarea cavi t\u0103\u021bilor bucal\u0103, nazal\u0103 \u0219i faringian\u0103 \u2013 la reptile ", "D. molarii cu creste \u00eenalte - la mamiferele carnivore " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Organismele parazite produc:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. micoze \u2013 de exemplu, salmoneloza \u0219i giardioza ", "B. bacterioze - de exemplu, tuberculoza \u0219i pneumonia ", "C. viroze \u2013 de exemplu, hepatita \u0219i antraxul ", "D. bacterioze - de exemplu, tricofi\u021bia \u0219i candidoza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Plantele mixotrofe:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. au haustori cu ajutorul c\u0103rora extrag seva elaborat\u0103 ", "B. tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii s\u0103race \u00een substan\u021be organice ", "C. reduc CO 2 pentru a produce substan\u021be organice ", "D. se asociaz\u0103 form\u00e2nd micori ze \u0219i licheni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pleurele se caracterizeaz\u0103 anatomo -func\u021bional prin:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. c\u0103ptu\u0219esc pl\u0103m\u00e2nii \u0219i ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba cutiei toracice ", "B. lubrifiantul intrapleural reduce considerabil consumul de energie ", "C. au structur\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bie similar\u0103 cu cea a pericardului ", "D. lichidul pl eural reduce semnificativ frecarea \u00eentre pleure \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul pl\u0103m\u00e2nului unui adult se determin\u0103 spirometric aerul expirat dup\u0103 :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. inspira\u021bii for\u021bate: C.P.T. ", "B. expira\u021bii normale: minim 2500 ml ", "C. inspira\u021bii normale: maxim 2000 ml ", "D. expira\u021bii for\u021bate = C.P.T. \u2013 C.V. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La temperatur\u0103 egal\u0103, constant\u0103, dou\u0103 plante din specii diferite pot respira cu intensitate diferit\u0103 datorit\u0103 influen\u021bei urm\u0103torilor factori interni:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. gradul de hidratare \u0219i concentra\u021bia de oxigen ", "B. starea fiziologic\u0103 \u0219i concentra\u021bia de dioxid de c arbon ", "C. programul genetic \u0219i v\u00e2rsta plantelor ", "D. leziunile organelor \u0219i intensitate a luminii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Procesul de formare a urinei la nivel tubular presupune:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. filtrarea s\u00e2ngelui din capilarele arteriolare rezult\u00e2nd urina primar\u0103 ", "B. transportul bidirec\u021bional de substan\u021be \u00een tre tubii uriniferi \u0219i capilarele sangvine ", "C. recuperarea \u00een mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 a substan\u021belor utile din urina primar\u0103 ", "D. \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea urinei primare cu substan\u021be transportate \u00eenspre capilarele tubulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ce particularit\u0103\u0163i au cavit\u0103\u0163ile inimii:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. nr. 9 - este ventricul localizat la baza inimii ", "B. nr. 10 \u2013 prime\u0219te s\u00e2ng e bogat \u00een oxigen ", "C. nr. 11 \u2013 are un num\u0103r de patru orificii vasculare ", "D. nr. 12 \u2013 are grosimea maxim\u0103 a miocardului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nervii spinali sunt alc\u0103tui\u0163i din :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. 1 - r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 situat\u0103 ventral ", "B. 5 - r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 senzitiv \u0103 ", "C. 6 - trunchi motor care se desparte \u00een ramuri ", "D. 8 - face leg\u0103tura cu receptori \u2013 9 \u015fi efectori - 10 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Componenta 1 a nervului spinal, spre deosebire de cea notat\u0103 cu 5:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. este format\u0103 din axonii neuronilor din substan\u0163a cenu\u015fie medular\u0103 ", "B. con\u0163ine fibre senzit ive \u015fi motorii, somatice \u015fi vegetative ", "C. este componenta arcului re flex care conecteaz\u0103 receptori cu cent ri nervo\u015fi ", "D. con\u0163ine axoni ca prelungiri neuronale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pelvisul renal:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. preia urina din calicele mici ale fiec\u0103rui rinichi ", "B. este o p\u00e2lnie membranoas\u0103 cu intrare \u00een zona hilului renal ", "C. are v\u00e2rful orientat spre c\u0103ile urinare extrarenale ", "D. transport\u0103 urina final\u0103 \u00een uretr\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Analiza urinei unui pacient cu calculi renali \u0219i regim lacto -vegetarian indic\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219terea acidit\u0103\u021bii ", "B. precipitarea oxala\u021bilor ", "C. precipitarea fosfa\u021bilor ", "D. precipitarea acidului uric " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La procesul de receptare a stimulilor specifici contribuie:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. receptorii vestibulari (4) - sunt sensibili la vibra\u021bii ", "B. vibra\u021biile e ndolimfei - deformeaz\u0103 cilii (5) ", "C. nervul acustico -vestibular (2) - conduce excita\u021biile spre lobul parietal ", "D. membrana ba zilar\u0103 (3) - se mi\u0219c\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de mem brana " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la speciile A, B, C sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. fiecare realizeaz\u0103 un singur tip de mi\u0219care ", "B. doar dou\u0103 dintre specii realizeaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri neorientate de tipul geotropismelor ", "C. doar dou\u0103 dintre specii execut\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bie de varia\u021bia intensit\u0103\u021bii stimulilor ", "D. fiecare dintre specii poate realiza o mi\u0219care orientat \u0103 \u0219i o mi\u0219care neorientat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Urechea intern\u0103 la mamifere prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. trei macule pentru mi\u0219c\u0103rile capului \u00een raport cu verticala ", "B. creste ampulare \u00een peretele utriculei \u0219i al saculei ", "C. un melc membranos delimitat de membrana tectoria ", "D. receptori acoperi\u021bi de memb ran\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 cu otolite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Componenta notat\u0103 cu 1 NU are urm\u0103toarea particularitate:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. are doi lobi optici volumino\u015fi situa\u021bi pe partea dorsal\u0103, la pe\u0219ti ", "B. \u00ee\u0219i pierde pozi\u021bia dominant\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de restul segmentelor nervoase, la reptile ", "C. ca \u015fi compon enta 4, are substan\u0163\u0103 cenu\u015fie la interior, sub form\u0103 de nuclei ", "D. la 5 sunt centrii nervo\u015fi pentru reflexe de orientare legate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nucleii din componenta encefalului nota\u0163i cu 3:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. primesc impulsuri provenite de la nucleii se nzitivi auditivi din trunchiul cerebral ", "B. trimit impulsuri c\u0103tre aria vizual\u0103 din lobul 2 al scoar\u0163ei cerebrale ", "C. trimit comenzi c\u0103tre centrii motori din substan\u0163a alb\u0103 din zona 7 ", "D. ca \u015fi nucleii din componentele 8 \u015fi 5, sunt centrii unor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "O plant\u0103 ierboas\u0103 prezint\u0103 \u00een structur\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u021besuturi:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. meristeme primordiale ", "2. \u021besuturi definitive ", "3. meristeme primare ", "4. meristeme laterale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Epiderma \u0219i rizoderma pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. sunt unistratificate, formate din celule care nu se mai divid ", "2. se pot diferen\u021bia din acela\u0219i tip de meristeme ", "3. prezint\u0103 celule modificate, specializate la schimburile cu mediul ", "4. au func\u021bie de ap\u0103rare \u00eendeplinit\u0103 \u0219i de alte \u021besuturi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Procesul descris \u00een ecua\u0163ia al\u0103turat\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. corespunde hr\u0103nirii prin chemosintez\u0103 ", "2. este realizat de bacteriile nitrificatoare ", "3. contribuie la circuitul azotului \u00een natur\u0103 ", "4. are loc \u00een soluri \u015fi \u00een ecosisteme acva tice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Graficele al\u0103turate reprezint\u0103 influen\u021ba factorilor de mediu asupra fotosintezei:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. intensitatea luminii -graficul A ", "2. concentra \u021bia de CO 2 - graficul B ", "3. temperatura - graficul C ", "4. concentra \u021bia de O 2 - graficul D " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La mamifere:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. la fica t ajung hormoni pancreatici \u015fi nutrimente prin vena port\u0103 ", "2. intestinele sunt suspendate de peretele abdominal prin pliuri ale peritoneului ", "3. stomacul \u015fi pancreasul secret\u0103 enzime proteolitice \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", "4. stomacul cel mai voluminos se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte la pr\u0103d\u0103t oare, iar cel mai mic la omnivore " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La plante, \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. energia electronului eliberat de clorofil\u0103 este folosit\u0103 pentru sinteza de ATP ", "2. se sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP -ul necesar pentru procesele de dezasimila\u0163ie ", "3. carotenul \u015fi xantofila contribuie la absorb\u021bia luminii ", "4. sistemele fotochimice stocheaz\u0103 energia luminoas\u0103 sub form\u0103 de energie chimic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere anatomic , \u015ftiuca se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. fose nazale f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu faringele; muguri gustativi ", "2. sacul\u0103 \u015fi lagen\u0103 cu receptori auditivi; linie lateral\u0103 ", "3. cavitate bucofaringian\u0103; stomac voluminos ", "4. lipsa glandelor salivare; limb\u0103 ca un piston " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul digestiei unui mic dejun format din lapte \u0219i p\u00e2ine cu dulcea\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. centrii nervo\u0219i somatici coordoneaz\u0103 reflexul necondi\u021bionat gastrosecretor ", "2. dizaharidazele necesare pentru finalizarea digestiei tuturor glucidelor sunt lactaza \u0219i maltaza ", "3. labfermentul coaguleaz\u0103 laptele \u00een prezen\u021ba Na+; chimul gastric con\u021bine albumoze \u0219i peptone ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerol; HCl \u00eempiedic\u0103 dezvoltarea germeni lor ingera\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Aerul din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni are caracteristici diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de cele ale aerului atmosferic , deoarece:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. epiteliile bogat vascularizate ale mucoaselor respiratorii \u00eenc\u0103lzesc aerul ", "2. caracteristicile histologice ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor asigur\u0103 fluxul continuu de ae r pl\u0103m\u00e2ni -atmosfer\u0103 ", "3. mucusul secretat de celulele ciliate ale mucoaselor respiratorii umeze\u0219te \u0219i purific\u0103 aerul ", "4. aerul inspirat se amestec\u0103 la nivel pulmonar cu aerul rezidual " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Schimburile de ga ze la nivel pulmonar \u0219i tisular se deosebesc prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. tipul proceselor de transport al gazelor respirator ii prin suprafe\u021bele de schimb ", "2. structurile traversate de gazele respiratorii ", "3. medierea transportului de gaze de c\u0103tre lichidul limfatic ", "4. combina\u021biile pe care le formeaz\u0103 hemoglobina \u00een urma schimbului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La om, ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de efort intens s e deosebe\u0219te de cea de repaus prin urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. vehicularea la nivel pulmonar a unor volume de rezerv\u0103 suplimentare ", "2. inspira\u021bia se realizeaz\u0103 cu participarea unor grupe suplimentare de mu\u0219chi netezi ", "3. ambele etape ale ventila\u021biei sunt procese active, cu consum de energie ", "4. umplerea cu aer a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, urmat\u0103 de golirea lor complet\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pe frotiul de s\u00e2nge:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. 1 \u015fi 2 se formeaz\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva oaselor ", "2. componenta 3 con\u0163ine antigenele A \u015fi B ", "3. la 2 este o celul\u0103 unin ucleat\u0103 ", "4. sunt \u015fi celule care traverseaz\u0103 pere\u0163ii arterelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Schema reprezint\u0103 o circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103 , deoarece:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. la 4 este atriul st\u00e2ng cu s\u00e2nge cu O2 ", "2. la 3 exist\u0103 un sept interatrial incomplet ", "3. \u00een cavitatea 2 se deschid venele cave ", "4. cele dou\u0103 circula\u021bii nu sunt complet separate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen activitatea inimii:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. jetul de s\u00e2nge pompat cre\u015fte rapid presiunea \u00een venele ", "2. s\u00e2ngele bogat \u00een oxigen adus de venele pulmonare trece din atrii \u00een ventriculele aflate \u00een sistol\u0103 - imaginea a ", "3. contrac\u0163iile sunt produse de impulsurile generate de \u0163esutul excitoconductor prezent \u00een toate cavit\u0103\u0163ile inimii ", "4. valvula bicuspid\u0103 \u015fi cea tricuspid\u0103 sunt \u00eenchise \u00een t impul sistolei ventriculare din imaginea b " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Re\u00eentoarcerea s\u00e2ngelui la inim\u0103 este fa cilitat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derea treptat\u0103 a presiunii din vasele 4, fa\u021b\u0103 de vasele 5 ", "2. existen\u0163a valvulelor la interiorul vaselor de pe traseu l notat cu 6 ", "3. efectul contrac\u0163iei musculaturii scheletice asupra s\u00e2ngelui din zona 1 ", "4. cobor\u00e2rea plan\u015feului atrioventricular \u00een timpul sistolei ventriculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Nefronii sunt:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. forma\u021bi din capsul\u0103, tubi contor\u021bi proximali, distali \u0219i colectori ", "2. specializa\u021bi pentru filtrarea plasmei din capilarele venoase glomerulare ", "3. iriga\u021bi peritubular de ramuri directe ale arte relor \u0219i venelor interlobare ", "4. implica\u021bi func\u021bional \u00een men\u021binerea compozi\u021biei normale a s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sistemul excretor al amfibienilor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. rinichii sunt iriga\u021bi de mai multe ramuri ale aortei ", "2. masculii prezint\u0103 orificii uro - genital e ", "3. ureterel e femelelor se deschid \u00een cloac\u0103 ", "4. rinichii sunt localiza\u021bi superior \u00een raport cu gonadele " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La nivelul e ncefalului:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. 8 - con\u0163ine \u0163esut epitelial secretor ", "2. 2 \u015fi 4 - au substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie at\u00e2t la exterior, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een interior ", "3. 7 - prezint\u0103 coliculii cvadrigemeni dispu\u015fi posterior ", "4. 6 - con\u0163ine nuclei care au conexiune cu 1 \u015fi cu 4 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Prezint\u0103 mi \u0219c\u0103ri neorientate :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. p\u0103p\u0103dia \u2013 fotonastia realizat\u0103 de inflorescen\u021b\u0103 ", "2. ambele plante \u2013geotropismul pozitiv al tulpinii ", "3. laleaua \u2013 deschiderea florii la c\u0103ldur\u0103 ", "4. ambele plante \u2013 seismonastia realizat\u0103 de frunze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cel mai lung segment al intestinului gros la mamifere se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 la om o prelungire sub\u021bire situat\u0103 inferior de valvula intestinal\u0103, numit\u0103 apendice ", "B. particip\u0103 la absorb\u021bia la nivelul vilozit\u0103\u021bilor a vitaminelor produse de bacterii simbionte ", "C. prezint\u0103 terminal o por\u021biune mai bogat\u0103 \u00een \u021besut muscular neted de tip visceral ", "D. \u00eencepe deasupra valvulei prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu sfincter \u0219i este suspendat de peretele abdominal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Suberul , ca \u0219i felodermul:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este un \u021besut secundar generat prin diferen\u021bierea cambiului vascular ", "B. are dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 continu\u0103 \u00een afara axului organelor supraterane ", "C. se formeaz\u0103 din celule nespecializate c aracterizate prin anabolism intens ", "D. asigur\u0103 protec\u021bia exclusiv termic\u0103 a organelor vegetative cu \u00eengro\u0219are anual\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Observa\u021bi sec\u021biunile prin inima unor vertebrate \u0219i identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. C \u2013 apar\u021bine vertebratelor cu pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi, c\u0103i respirato rii lungi \u0219i tub digestiv terminat cu cloac\u0103 ", "B. A \u0219i C apar\u021bin unor vertebrate cu circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103, A \u2013 cu respira\u021bie strict pulmonar\u0103 \u0219i C \u2013 cu respira\u021bie cutanee ", "C. A \u0219i B apar\u021bin unor vertebrate homeoterme cu inspira\u021bie activ\u0103 \u0219i suprafa\u021b\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 mare pentru schimb ul de gaze ", "D. C apar\u021bine unor vertebrate dependente de mediul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la sec\u021biunea reprezentat\u0103:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. \u021besuturile 7 \u0219i 9 au func\u021bie de sus\u021binere deoarece au celule cu pere\u021bii \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi ", "B. 8 \u0219i 13 reprezint\u0103 \u021besuturi fundamentale cu rol de depozitare a substan\u021belor organice ", "C. \u021besuturile 9 \u0219i 10 sunt unistratificate \u0219i apar\u021bin aceleia\u0219i zone ", "D. 11 \u0219i 12 provin din activitatea meristemului secundar - " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Componentele adnotate cu 12 spre deosebire de cele adnotate cu 11:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de celule cu rol de hr\u0103nire \u0219i de sus\u021binere ", "B. formeaz\u0103 tuburi ciuruite care transport\u0103 activ, bidirec\u021bional seva elaborat\u0103 ", "C. formeaz\u0103 tuburi care asigur\u0103 transportul pasiv al sevei prin for\u021ba de suc\u021biune ", "D. au pere\u021b ii celulari sub\u021biri, permeabili \u0219i activitate metabolic\u0103 intens\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Toate vertebratele cu respira\u021bie pulmonar\u0103 prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici ale sistemului digestiv:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 delimitat\u0103 de cele faringian\u0103 \u0219i nazal\u0103 ", "B. cloac\u0103 \u00een care se termin\u0103 intestinul, c\u0103ile urinare \u0219i genitale ", "C. circula\u021bia este dubl\u0103, diferen\u021biat\u0103 pe dou\u0103 trasee ", "D. glande abdominale cu structur\u0103 epitelial\u0103 de tip exocrin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Decorticarea inelar \u0103 aplicat\u0103 unui l\u0103star are urm \u0103toarele consecin\u021be fiziologice:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. stoparea fotosintezei din cauza sec\u021bion\u0103rii vaselor liberiene ", "B. apari\u021bia calusului inferior decortic\u0103rii datorit\u0103 circula\u021biei descendente a sevei elaborate ", "C. intensificarea respira\u021biei \u00een zona superio ar\u0103 inelului de decorticare ", "D. ofilirea frunzelor din cauza \u00eentreruperii circula\u021biei descendente a sevei brute " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Stomacul mamiferelor care prelucreaz\u0103 \u00een cavitatea bucal \u0103 hrana prin strivire , se distinge de al celorlalte mamifere prin:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este organ subdiaf ragmatic cu rol de depozitare, digestie mecanic\u0103, fizic\u0103 \u0219i chimic\u0103 ", "B. are capacitate mai redus\u0103 comparativ cu al mamiferelor cu denti\u021bie incomplet\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 glande microscopice exocrine care secret\u0103 proteaze \u0219i lipaze ", "D. este organ cavitar uni - sau pluricompartimentat cu particularit\u0103\u021bi func\u021bionale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u0163ie privind rinichii mamiferelor este adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. sunt \u00eenveli\u0163i de o capsul\u0103 conjunctiv\u0103, semidur\u0103, fibroas\u0103 ", "B. piramidele renale corespund lobulilor renali, av\u00e2nd v\u00e2rful spre hil ", "C. sunt iriga\u0163i de venele renale, situate \u00eenapoia arterelor renale ", "D. printre piramidele renale p\u0103trund arterele \u015fi venele interlobulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nefronii mamiferelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103, cu o excep\u0163ie:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. tubul contort proximal se afl\u0103 \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a capsulei Bowman ", "B. glomerulul renal con\u021bine capilare provenite direct din artera interlobular\u0103 ", "C. ansa Henle face leg\u0103tura \u00eentre tubul contort proximal \u015fi tubul contort distal ", "D. urina final\u0103 din tubul urinifer distal este eliminat\u0103 \u00een tubul colector " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pentru realizarea transpira\u0163iei la plante le terestre :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. stomatele sunt mai numeroase \u00een epiderma superioar\u0103 a frunzelor ", "B. celulele stomatice se deformeaz\u0103 \u0219i din cauza grosimii inegale a pere\u021bilor lor ", "C. la nivelul cloroplastelor din celulele anexe se produc substan\u0163e organice solubile ", "D. energia necesar\u0103 elimin\u0103rii apei este asigurat\u0103 de presiunea radicular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u0163ie privind c\u0103ile urinare este adev\u0103rat\u0103 :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. \u00eencep cu tubii colectori, \u00een num\u0103r egal cu cel al nefronilor ", "B. pelvisul renal este o p\u00e2lnie musculoas\u0103 care se continu\u0103 cu ureterul ", "C. calicele colecteaz\u0103 urina primar\u0103 din zona renal\u0103 medular\u0103 ", "D. con\u0163in fibre musculare, prezente \u0219i \u00een stomac \u0219 i \u00een bronhiole " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea cara cteristic\u0103 fiziologic\u0103 apar\u0163ine sistemului excretor la vertebrate:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een capilarele glomerulare este mai mare dec\u00e2t cea din capsula Bowman ", "B. rinichii p\u0103s\u0103rilor au trei lobi \u015fi filtreaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele adus prin cele dou\u0103 artere renale ", "C. rinichiul de tip mezonefros prezint\u0103 nefroni mai perfec\u021biona\u021bi, cu capsul\u0103 Bowmann ", "D. prin filtrarea glomerular\u0103, toate moleculele mici ale plasmei trec \u00een tubul urinifer " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Asocierea corect\u0103 dintre epiteliile senzoriale \u0219i caracteristicil e lor este:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. mugurii gu stativi - realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu neuronii din ganglionii spinali ", "B. mucoasa olfactiv\u0103 - formeaz\u0103 un epiteliu cilindric pluristratificat ", "C. maculele otolitice - transmit informa\u0163ii declan\u015fate de rota\u0163ia capului ", "D. linia lateral\u0103 - genereaz\u0103 poten\u0163iale de ac\u0163iun e transmise spre mezencefal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Neuronii senzitivi se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. comunic\u0103 a t\u00e2t \u00eentre ei, c\u00e2t \u015fi cu efectorii musculari \u0219i glandulari ", "B. transmit informa\u0163ii, care vor ajunge \u00een girusul precentral din lobul frontal ", "C. pot avea dendrite mielinizate sau amielinizate, uneori mai lungi dec\u00e2t axonii ", "D. elibereaz\u0103 mediatori chimici la nivelul sinap sei cu celulele receptoare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivelul unei articula\u0163ii exist\u0103 un tip de \u0163esut:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. bogat \u00een celule \u0219i fibre elastice care \u00eei confer\u0103 rezisten\u0163\u0103 ", "B. cu elasticitate redus\u0103, cu celule rare, fibre pu\u0163ine \u0219i fine ", "C. prezent \u015fi \u00een capsula renal\u0103, cu multe fibre de colagen ", "D. numit periost, \u00eenvelind trabeculele de os spongios " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fibrele musculare striate:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. sunt cilindrice, con\u0163in numero\u0219i nuclei \u0219i miofibri le dispuse central ", "B. au ca unic\u0103 func\u021bie realizarea contrac\u021biilor voluntare \u0219i involuntare ", "C. con\u0163in proprioceptori care genereaz\u0103 impulsuri transmise spre cerebel ", "D. realizeaz\u0103 sinapse cu dendritele neuronilor somatomotori medulari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u0162esutul epitelial se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. se poate organi za \u00een glande exocrine tubulo \u2013 acinoase (glandele salivare \u0219i pancreasul) ", "B. poate fi \u00eenconjura t de celulele cu con \u015fi bastona\u015f , av\u00e2nd rol de protec\u0163ie ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea canalului cohlear, delimitat inferior de memb rana tectoria ", "D. con\u0163ine celule ciliate \u00een structur a unui organ care prezint\u0103 \u015fi \u0163esut cartilaginos hialin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021bii experimentale \u0219i fiziologice, a cidul clorhidric:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. solubilizeaz\u0103 oseina din \u0163esutul osos ", "B. este folosit \u015fi pentru eviden\u0163ierea Ca \u015fi Mg din oase ", "C. distruge, \u00een stomac, bacteria Helicobacter pylori ", "D. poate avea o ac\u0163iune coroziv\u0103 asupra mucoasei duodenale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele organisme prezint\u0103 nutri\u0163ie autotrof\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. unele plante care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii bogate \u00een s\u0103ruri minerale \u0219i produc enzime digestive ", "B. bacteriile nitrificatoare care, prin chimiosintez\u0103, reduc amoniacul la nitri\u0163i \u015fi nitra\u0163i ", "C. unele plante care extrag apa \u015fi s\u0103rurile minerale din alte plante cu ajutorul haustorilor ", "D. bacteriile care oxideaz\u0103 dioxidul de carbon la metan, \u00een absen\u0163a oxigenului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o sec\u0163iune transversal\u0103 prin r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. cambiul vascular genereaz\u0103 liber spre interior \u0219i lemn spre exterior ", "B. liberul primar este situat extern fa\u0163\u0103 de lemnul primar ", "C. lemnul primar se g\u0103se\u015fte la exterior, iar liberul primar la interior ", "D. endodermul este unistratificat \u015fi se afl\u0103 sub periciclu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Dioxidul de carbon utilizat \u00een fotosintez\u0103 parcurge succesiv urm\u0103torul drum , la plantele terestre :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. ostiole\u2192 camera substomatic\u0103\u2192\u0163esut palisadic\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", "B. ostiole\u2192 celule anexe\u2192 camera substomatic\u0103\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", "C. ostiole\u2192camera substomatic\u0103\u2192spa\u0163ii intercelulare\u2192 \u0163esut lacunar ", "D. ostiole\u2192celule stomatice\u2192camera substomatic\u0103\u2192 spa\u0163ii intercelulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nastiile:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. depind de direc\u021bia unui stimul \u0219i nu de intensitatea acestuia ", "B. sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri neorientate determinate de excitan\u021bi ", "C. implic\u0103 procese chimice care influen\u021beaz\u0103 deschiderea florilor de lalea ", "D. sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri caracteristice organelor vegetale \u0219i celulelor mobile " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul cortical erectil determin\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. fototropism negativ la r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", "B. seismonastie la Mimosa pudica ", "C. hidrotropism \u00een orientarea r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "D. termonastie la Oxalis acetosella " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la respira\u021bie, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. \u00een lumea vie, organisme le utilizeaz\u0103 pentru respira\u021bie molecule macroergice ", "B. \u00een timpul respira\u021biei, are loc eliberarea extracelular\u0103 a energiei , prin reac\u021bii c atalizate enzimatic ", "C. energia chimic\u0103 este stocat\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be organice prin leg\u0103turi chimice care le confer\u0103 stabilitate relativ\u0103 ", "D. \u00een toat\u0103 lumea vie, respira\u021bia reprezint\u0103 contrariul fotosintezei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen mecanismul respira\u021biei aerobe:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. energia produs\u0103 \u00een procesele respiratorii din mitocondrii se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00eentre radicalii fosfat 2 \u0219i 3 din ATP ", "B. pot rezulta produ\u0219i finali care \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de energie, utiliza\u021bi ca surs\u0103 de energie chimic\u0103 \u00een alte procese ", "C. utilizarea energiei stocat\u0103 \u00een ATP se elibereaz\u0103 prin combinarea ADP cu H3PO 4 \u00een prezen\u021ba apei ", "D. CO 2 \u0219i H 2O sunt compu\u0219ii organici care rezult\u0103 \u00een urma oxid\u0103rii glucidelor, lipidelor \u0219i " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia este condi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een mod direct de urm\u0103torii factori :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba unor organite celulare specifice \u0219i a apei ", "B. lipsa luminii \u0219i prezen\u021ba dioxidului de carbon ", "C. lipsa celule lor speci alizate pentru reducerea CO 2 ", "D. prezen\u021ba enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare \u0219i a oxigenului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Importan\u021ba fermenta\u021biilor const\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. utilizarea resturilor de pe fundul b\u0103l\u021bilor, prin transformare aerob\u0103 \u00een gaz metan ", "B. ob\u021binerea acidului lactic, utilizat la conservarea unor alimente \u0219i \u00een agricultur\u0103 ", "C. ob\u021binerea unor microorganisme strict anaerobe \u00een reactoare spec ializate ", "D. utilizarea biogazului \u00een condi\u021bii anaerobe ca surs\u0103 alternativ\u0103 de energie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Compartimentul digestiv la nivelul c\u0103ruia ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar dou\u0103 categorii de enzime prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale \u00een seria vertebratelor:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine bacterii simbionte cu efect celulo zolitic la mamiferele ierbivore lipsite de incisivi pe ", "2. este c\u0103ptu\u0219it cu o membran\u0103 cornoas\u0103 la vertebratele care prezint\u0103 do u\u0103 cecumuri intestinale ", "3. comunic\u0103 direct la toate vertebratele cu organul digestiv la nivelul c\u0103ruia se finalizeaz \u0103 digestia ", "4. poate avea capacitate diferit\u0103 sau poate lipsi \u00een func\u021bie de regimul de hran\u0103 \u0219i modul de hr\u0103nire " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Programul genetic influen\u021beaz\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. deshidratarea activ\u0103 a fructelor \u00een timpul coacerii ", "2. diferen\u021bierea celulelor din structura embrionului ", "3. respira\u021bia mai intens\u0103 a frunzelor de vi\u021b\u0103 \u00een timpul cre\u0219terii boabelor dec\u00e2t \u00een timpul coacerii ", "4. gruparea celulelor dup\u0103 form\u0103, structur\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bie , \u00een structura \u021besuturilor \u0219i organelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Meristemele primordiale , spre deosebire de cele primare:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. pot exista independent \u0219i necondi\u021bionat de prezen\u021ba celorlalte tipuri de \u021besuturi ", "2. sunt formate din celule aflate \u00een d iferite faze ale mitozei ", "3. genereaz\u0103 \u00een mod direc t doar \u021besuturi formative ", "4. asigur\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u0219i tulpinii \u00een pozi\u021bie apical\u0103 sau intercalar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura primar\u0103 a organelor vegetative , celulele stratului periferic se pot caracteriza anatomo -func\u021bional prin:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 \u00eengro\u0219\u0103ri neuniforme ale pere\u021bilor celulari ", "2. particip\u0103 la mecanisme osmotice automate care influen\u021beaz\u0103 gradul de hidratare ", "3. pot fi sediul unor procese metabolice constructive ", "4. particip\u0103 la procese de transport membranar pentru ioni direct dependente de fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Vertebratele al c\u0103ror stomac este situat dorsal \u00een raport cu organele respiratorii pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi \u0219i c\u0103 i respiratorii lungi ", "2. gu\u0219\u0103 pe traseul esofagului care stocheaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmoaie hrana ", "3. cavitate bucal\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103 , cu din\u021bi sau margini cornoase ", "4. intestin sub\u021bire diferen\u021biat de cel gros prin cecumuri intestinale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Efectele negative ale lipsei de lumin\u0103 asupra unei plante constau \u00een:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. absen\u021ba sintezei pigmen\u021bi lor asimi latori, planta se ofile\u0219te ", "2. reduce rea absorb\u021biei \u0219i circula\u021biei pasive a sevei brute \u00een corpul plantei ", "3. \u00eencetinirea proceselor de diviziune \u0219i secre\u021bie din corpul plantelor ", "4. oprirea procesului de sintez\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pot constitui adapt\u0103ri ale plantelor la deficitul de ap\u0103 din mediul de via\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. reducerea suprafe\u021bei foliare ", "2. \u00eengro\u0219area cuticulei la nivelul \u021besuturilor de ap\u0103rare ", "3. r\u0103sucirea frunzelor ", "4. prezen\u021ba perilor cu origine epidermic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre tipurile organelor vegetative c aracteristice speciilor de plante \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bile anatomo -func\u021bionale ale acestora:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. morc ov \u2013 r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 pivotant\u0103: \u021besut fundamental de depozitare, fascicule libero -lemnoase ", "2. fasole \u2013 tulpin\u0103 ag \u0103\u021b\u0103toare: \u021besut meristematic apical, \u021besut fundamental asimilator ", "3. m\u0103rg\u0103ritar \u2013 rizom: \u021besut fundamental de dep ozitare, fascicule conduc\u0103toare alternante ", "4. cartof \u2013 tubercul: \u021besut secundar de ap\u0103rare - suber, \u021besut fundamental de depozitare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la enzimele digestive:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. amilaza pancreatic\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra amidonului preparat rezult\u00e2nd produ\u0219i absorbabili ", "2. produ\u0219ii finali ai hidrolizei peptidazelor sun t aminoacizi i absorbi\u021bi la nivel intestinal ", "3. sub ac\u021biunea lactazei \u0219i zaharozei rezult\u0103 monozaharide \u2013 glucoz\u0103, fructoz\u0103, galactoz\u0103 ", "4. elibereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i finali ai digestiei proteinelor \u0219i lipidelo r la nivel gastric \u0219i inte stinal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Trifoiul :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 frunze co mpuse \u015fi tulpini ag\u0103\u0163\u0103toare ", "2. realizeaz\u0103 simbioze cu organisme chimiosintetizante ", "3. transform\u0103 azotul molecular \u00een proteine cu mare valoare nutritiv\u0103 ", "4. poate fi str\u0103b\u0103tut de haustori at\u00e2t la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii, c\u00e2t \u015fi al tulpinii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. \u00eenchiderea frunzelor capcan\u0103 la plantele carnivore este o seismonastie ", "2. rugina gr\u00e2ului este o zoonoz\u0103 deoarece trece de la o gazd\u0103 la alta ", "3. v\u00e2scul are ramuri bifurcate terminal \u015fi frunze cu o cantitate mic\u0103 de clorofil\u0103 ", "4. bacteriile Bacillus thuringiensis \u015fi Laboulbenia bayeri paraziteaz\u0103 insecte " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile minerale necesare \u00een fotosintez\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. sunt utilizate de cianoficeele aflate \u00een simbioz\u0103 cu unele specii de ciup erci ", "2. se ob\u0163in \u015fi prin oxidarea aerob\u0103 a NH 3, sub ac\u0163iunea bacteriilor saprofite ", "3. pot fi furnizate indirect, prin hidroliza enzimatic\u0103 a unor proteine animale ", "4. sunt absorbite de ciupercile micoritice , printr -un hidrotropism negativ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Reac\u0163iile plantelor gazd \u0103 la ac\u0163iunea unor parazi\u0163i pot fi :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. sinteza de antitoxine \u015fi refacerea leziunilor produse ", "2. intensificarea reac\u0163iilor de oxidoreducere celular\u0103 ", "3. diminuarea absorb\u0163iei apei \u015fi a s\u0103rurilor minerale ", "4. cre\u015fterea temperaturi i \u015fi a num\u0103rului de cloroplaste " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor l a transpira\u0163ia plantelor, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. plantele xerofite au \u00eentotdeauna frunzele reduse, cu un num\u0103r mare de stomate ", "2. \u00een caz de secet\u0103 de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, transpira\u0163ia cuticular\u0103 se reduce foarte mult ", "3. plantele din zonele temperate au pere\u0163ii interni ai ce lulelor epidermice \u00eengro\u015fa\u0163i ", "4. o mic\u0103 parte din ap\u0103 este eliminat\u0103 prin cuticula sub\u0163ire, dar \u015fi prin lenticele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sistemul excretor al vertebratelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomice :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. la amfibieni vezica urinar\u0103 lipse\u015fte, urina fiind depozitat\u0103 \u00een cloac\u0103 ", "2. pe\u015ftii marini, reptilele \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103rile elimin\u0103 o urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", "3. la unele reptile rinichii alungi\u0163i au la polul superior corpii gra\u015fi ", "4. pe\u015fti i, amfibieni i \u015fi reptile le prezint\u0103 mai multe perechi de artere renale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Prima etap\u0103 a procesului de formare a urinei se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. produ\u015fii rezulta\u0163i \u00een urma anabolismului celular ajung \u00een tubul urinifer ", "2. toate moleculele mici din plasm\u0103 trec printr -un epiteliu pavimentos simplu ", "3. sc\u0103derea ratei de reabsorb\u021bie la nivelul tubului urinifer ", "4. se intensific\u0103 odat\u0103 cu cre\u015fterea debitului sangvin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. apa p\u0103truns\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge la nivelul branhiilor ajunge \u00eent\u00e2i la inim\u0103 ", "2. pe\u015ftii cartil agino\u015fi marini elimin\u0103 ap\u0103 prin deschiderea opercule lor ", "3. urina format\u0103 \u00een rinichii de tip pronefros se vars\u0103, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, \u00een pelvisul renal ", "4. pe\u015ftii marini preiau apa s\u0103rat\u0103 din mediu deoarece pierd ap\u0103 prin osmoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Privind forma celulelor epiteliale, se pot face urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. \u00een epiteliul pseudostratificat au \u00een\u0103l\u0163imi egale, forme identice \u015fi prezint\u0103 cili ", "2. cele din stratul profund, de pe membrana bazal\u0103 pot avea form\u0103 cilindric\u0103 ", "3. la suprafa\u0163a epidermei sunt celule cubice, printre care se afl\u0103 dendrite senzitive ", "4. \u00een unele organe pot fi fusiforme, ciliate, protejate de un epiteliu pluristratificat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Neuronii pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. sunt stela\u0163i \u00een coarnele anterioare ale m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii sau \u00een bulbul olfactiv ", "2. con\u021bin proteine n euroreceptoare \u015fi corpi Nissl \u00een sinapsele cu dendritele neuronilor olfactivi ", "3. prezint\u0103 prelungiri mielinizate, care p\u0103r\u0103sesc m\u0103duva prin g\u0103urile intervertebrale ", "4. au prelungiri lungi, mielinizate, cu butoni te rmina li acoperi\u0163i de teaca Schwann " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul conjunctiv poate prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. genereaz\u0103 celule mari, cu nuclei loba\u0163i , prin diviziuni intense ", "2. \u00eenvele\u0219te \u0163esut uri a c\u0103ror component\u0103 organic\u0103 se eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 experimental cu HCl ", "3. con\u0163ine numeroase celule, stelate sau sferice, cu nuclei centrali sau periferici ", "4. prezint\u0103, la suprafa\u0163a extremit\u0103\u0163ilor oaselor lungi , un num\u0103r redus de celule " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rate:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. \u021besutul pavimentos simplu se g\u0103se\u015fte \u00een structura unor vase capilar e \u00eenchise la un cap\u0103t ", "2. oligodendrocitele \u015fi celulele Schwann au forme diferite \u015fi prelungiri \u00een num\u0103r variabil ", "3. celule fusiforme se g\u0103sesc \u00een structura unei vene care \u00eencepe la nivelul intestinul ui sub\u0163ire ", "4. numeroase fibre elastice \u015fi rare celule conjunctive predomin\u0103 \u00een structura arterelor mici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei nu are loc atunci c\u00e2nd:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. solul are o temperatur\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een jurul valorii de 30o-35oC ", "2. presiunea osmotic\u0103 a apei \u00een sol este mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", "3. citoplasma celulelor r\u0103d\u0103cinii are o v\u00e2scozitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", "4. pH-ul solului are abateri mari de la valoarea neutr\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Valvulele semilunare:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00eencadrate de inele fibroase ", "2. asigur\u0103 sensul de curgere a s\u00e2ngelui vene - inim\u0103 ", "3. sunt ancorate de cordaje tendinoase ", "4. se opun sensului curgerii s\u00e2ngelui artere \u2013 inim\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "V\u00e2scozitatea crescut\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 pierderea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui prin frecarea acestuia de pere\u021bii vaselor ", "2. determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een venele mari ", "3. scade continuu presiunea s\u00e2ngelui de la plecarea din ventricul p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eentoarcerea \u00een atrii ", "4. este provocat\u0103 de consumul mare de lichide \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Intensitatea respira\u021biei la plante variaz\u0103 astfe l:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. este mare atunci c\u00e2nd concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be anorganice din sol are valori mari ", "2. scade atunci c\u00e2nd activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare se intensific\u0103 ", "3. cre\u0219te pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce concentra\u021bia de oxigen dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 50% ", "4. se intensific\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219te concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chii papilari:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. se observ\u0103 pe fa\u021ba intern\u0103 a atriilor ", "2. se continu\u0103 prin cordaje tendinoase ", "3. deschid valvulele membranoase ", "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra valvulelor fibroase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Direc\u021biile de evolu\u021bie ale respira\u021biei pulmonare au fost:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. perfec\u021bionarea ventila\u021biei ", "2. alungir ea c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "3. cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021belor de schimb ", "4. specializar ea c\u0103ilor respiratorii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Perii absorban\u021bi:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. sunt prelungiri ale tuturor celulelor rizodermei ", "2. se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 \u00een apropierea bazei r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "3. dispar la plantele \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 III. PROBLEME: " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Felodermul:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. Se formeaz\u0103 \u00eenspre epiderm \u0103 ", "B. Con\u021bine celule rotunjite cu spa\u021bii intercelulare ", "C. Prezint \u0103 cr\u0103p\u0103turi numite lenticele ", "D. Este generat de meristemul apical numit felogen " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul muscular striat:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. Poate fi localizat \u00een pere\u021bii faringelui \u0219i laringelui ", "B. Este a lc\u0103tuit din celule fusiforme cu diametru de 10 -12 cm ", "C. Prezint \u0103 stria\u021bii transversale , care se coloreaz\u0103 cu albastru de metilen ", "D. Con\u021bine organite comune numite miofibrile " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintez ei:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Hidrogenul rezultat din fotoliza apei este pus \u00een libertate ", "B. Oxigenul se fixeaz\u0103 pe un transportor de electroni ", "C. ATP-ul se descompune \u00een ADP cu eliberare de energie ", "D. CO 2 redus este \u00eencorporat \u00een substan\u021be anorganice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacteriile nitrificatoare:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. Oxideaz\u0103 amoniacul \u00een acid azotos accesibil produc\u0103torilor ", "B. Transform\u0103 azotul molecular \u00een combina\u021bii ale azotului ", "C. Oxideaz\u0103 amoniacul , put\u00e2nd rezulta s\u0103ruri ale acidului azotic ", "D. Sunt prezente \u00een nodozit\u0103\u021bi de pe r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mycoderma aceti:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. Utilizeaz\u0103 numai o anumit\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 din mediu - acidul acetic ", "B. Transform\u0103 acidul acetic \u00een alcool etilic ", "C. Este o specie saprofit\u0103 ce asigur\u0103 substan\u021be organice plantel or ", "D. Realizeaz\u0103 un proces aerob de fermenta\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sucul pancreatic con\u021bine:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. Amilaza pancreatic\u0103, mai activ\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea salivar\u0103, care descompune amidonul crud p\u00e2n\u0103 la monozaharide ", "B. Tripsin\u0103 \u0219i c hemotripsin\u0103 \u00een stare activ\u0103 ", "C. Enzima proteolitic\u0103 colagenaza, care poate descompune proteinele \u00een oligopeptide ", "D. Lipaza pancreatic\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bila:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. Are pH bazic care favor izeaz\u0103 ac\u021biun ea unor enzime pancreatice ", "B. Emulsioneaz\u0103 lipidele, \u00een urma ac\u021biunii lipazelor ", "C. Con\u021bine s\u0103ruri biliare rezultate din degradarea hemoglobinei ", "D. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu colesterol ul \u0219i lecitin a, diger\u0103 chimic lipidele " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ficatul:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. Prezint\u0103 o vasculari za\u021bie nutritiv\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de vena port\u0103 ", "B. Are o secre \u021bie exocrin\u0103 - bila, care se co ncentreaz \u0103 \u00een vezica biliar\u0103 ", "C. Prezint\u0103 o vasculariza\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de artera aort\u0103 ", "D. Prime\u0219te s\u00e2ngele colectat de la pancreas, intestine, rinichi \u0219i splin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen seria vertebratelor s tomacul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. Lipse\u0219te la ciclostomi si la pe\u0219tii care se hr\u0103nesc cu plancton ", "B. Prezint\u0103 o dilata\u021bie numit\u0103 gu \u0219\u0103 la pas\u0103ri, unde se \u00eenmoaie hrana ", "C. Este foarte voluminos la mamiferele fitofage \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103toare ", "D. Con\u021bine glande gastrice \u00een foios ul ierbivorelor rumeg\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre miocardul mamiferelor se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Prin contrac\u021bie asigur\u0103 pomparea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een 2 artere \u0219i aspirarea s\u00e2ngelui din 6 vene ", "B. Execut\u0103 contrac\u021bii ritmice prin for\u021ba de trac\u021biune a \u021besutului muscular excitoconductor ", "C. Atinge dezvoltare maxim\u0103 \u00een compartimentul cu mu\u0219chi papilari conecta\u021bi prin 3 lame membranoase la valvula atrio -ventricular\u0103 ", "D. Se contract\u0103 automat chiar \u0219i \u00een afara organismului \u00een solu\u021bie de ser fiziologic de concentra\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urechea mamiferelor pre zint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Compartimentul intern localizat superficial \u00een cavitatea osului temporal, con\u021bine 3 tipuri de receptori ", "B. Celulele senzoriale auditive sunt stimulate prin deformarea cililor la contactul cu membrana bazilar\u0103 care oscileaz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba sunetelor ", "C. Compartimentul extern \u0219i mediu asigur\u0103 doar conducerea vibra\u021biilor sonore c\u0103tre fereastra oval\u0103, prin lan\u021bul articulat de 3 oscioare ", "D. Crestele ampulare sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale corpului \u0219i gener eaz\u0103 prin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la v ertebratele la care paleocerebelul atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 comparativ cu alte clase, se poate aprecia c\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu vertebratele clasei imediat inferioare prin prezen\u021ba lagenei prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu papil\u0103 bazilar\u0103 ", "B. Se deosebesc de clas a imediat inferioar \u0103, prin existen\u021ba a dou\u0103 de mecanisme de acomodare ale ochiului pentru vederea la distan\u021b\u0103 ", " C. Se deosebesc de clasa imediat superioar\u0103 prin dominan\u021ba corpilor stria\u021bi \u0219i a talamusului \u00een raport cu restul componentelor creierului ", "D. Se aseam\u0103n\u0103 doar cu clasa imediat superioar\u0103 , prin organizarea pe straturi a neuronilor din " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la toate sucurile digestive care realizeaz\u0103 transformarea hidrolitic\u0103 a alimentelor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. 2 dintre acestea \u00eensumeaz\u0103 6 enzime proteolitice \u0219i 3 enzime lipolitice care sunt activate \u00een tubul digestiv ", "B. sunt secretate de 8 glande anexe, iar 3 dintre acestea au secre \u021bie alcalin \u0103 ", "C. 2 dintre acestea descompun amidon \u0219i/sau dextrine \u0219i sunt secretate de epitelii glandulare cu structur\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare ", "D. sunt secretate pasiv \u0219i excretate \u00een cavit\u0103\u021bile a 3 segmente ale tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Preciza\u021bi care este volumul de aer minim din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul unei inspira\u021bii normale.", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. 1500 ml ", "B. 2800 ml ", "C. 2300 ml ", "D. 3500 ml " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Unele epitelii ciliate pot avea urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Asigur\u0103 recep\u021bionarea stimulilor auditivi, vestibulari , olfactivi, gustativi ", "B. Particip\u0103 la condi\u021bionarea aerului la nivelul c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "C. Formeaz\u0103 \u021besuturi pseudo -, uni - sau pluristratificate ", "D. Asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia majorit\u0103\u021bii produ\u0219ilor finali ai digestiei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nucleii trunchiului cerebral prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Transmit informa\u021biile senzoriale recep\u021bionate de c\u0103tre mugurii gustativi, receptori i vestibu lari, olfactivi , receptori tactili, termici ", "B. Comand\u0103 reflexe somatomotorii \u00eenn\u0103scute de mastica\u021bie (musculatura limb ii), de degluti\u021bie (mu\u0219chii faringelui), respiratorii (mu\u0219chii intercostali externi) ", "C. Coordoneaz\u0103 reflexe programate genetic \u0219i subordonate controlului etajelor superioare ale creierului ", "D. Controleaz\u0103 reflexe vegetative lacrimale, gastrosecretorii, de mic\u021biun e, cardiovasculare , etc. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi morfologice ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nului vertebratelor :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Aspect ul comun, saciform , la reptile \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "B. Mecanism ul comun al ventila\u021biei la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", "C. Structura alveolar \u0103 la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", "D. Ramificarea bronhiilor \u00een interiorul pl\u0103m \u00e2nilor la homeoterme " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Distribu\u021bia stomatelor la nivelul frunzei determin\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Randament ul crescut al fotosintezei \u00een raport cu respira\u021bia ", "B. Cre\u0219terea evapor\u0103rii apei la nivelul hidatodelor ", "C. Reducerea pierderilor de ap\u0103 \u00een condi\u021biile hidrat\u0103rii de 50% din capacitatea de re\u021binere a apei ", "D. Cre\u0219terea vitezei de circula\u021bie a sevei brute prin vasele lemnoase, datorit\u0103 presiunii radiculare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt manifest\u0103ri comune ale bolii Parkinson \u0219i ale epilepsiei:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Rigiditatea corpului ", "B. Paralizia membrelor ", "C. Pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei ", "D. Tetraplegie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 comun\u0103 pentru trunchiul cerebral \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Controlul exercitat asupra etajelor SNC ", "B. Automatismul centrilor nervo\u0219i ", "C. Prezen\u021ba \u0219an\u021burilor longitudinale ", "D. Organizarea substan\u021belor alb\u0103 \u0219i cenu\u0219ie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Canalul cohlear la mamifere este delimitat inferior de:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. Membrana tectoria ", "B. Peretele osos al melcului ", "C. Membrana bazilar\u0103 ", "D. Peretele osos al craniului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Anuria se poate instala \u00een caz de:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. Caren\u021be alimentare ", "B. Hipertiroidism ", "C. Avitaminoz\u0103 ", "D. Com\u0103 diabetic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cea mai str\u00e2ns \u0103 conexiune anatomo - func\u021bional\u0103 dintre receptorii acustici, sacul\u0103 \u0219i lagen\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te la:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. Pe\u0219ti ", "B. Amfibieni ", "C. Reptile ", "D. P\u0103s\u0103ri " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Succesiunea elementelor din structura globului ocular, cuprinse \u00eentre partea posterioar\u0103 a acestuia \u0219i umoarea sticloas\u0103, este urm\u0103toarea:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. Coroid\u0103 \u2013 sclerotic\u0103 - stratul pigmentar al retinei \u2013 stratul celulelor fotoreceptoare \u2013 nerv optic ", "B. Sclerotic\u0103 \u2013 coroid\u0103 \u2013 stratul celulelor fotoreceptoare \u2013 stratul pigmentar al r etinei - nervul optic ", "C. Cornee \u2013 coroid\u0103 - stratul celulelor cu con \u0219i cu bastona\u0219 \u2013 celule multipolare \u2013 celule bipolare ", "D. Sclerotic\u0103 \u2013 coroid\u0103 \u2013 stratul pigmentar al retinei \u2013 celule fotoreceptoare \u2013 celule bipolare \u2013 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Presiunea caracteri stic\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui la v\u0103rsarea \u00een atriul drept al mamiferelor:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Este mare datorit\u0103 volemiei ", "B. Este mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 v \u00e2scozit \u0103\u021bii crescut e a s\u00e2ngelui ", "C. Este mare datorit\u0103 d ebitul ui cardiac crescut ", "D. Este mic\u0103 datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei valvulelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Produ\u0219ii finali comuni ai ac\u021biunii sucului gastric, pancreatic \u0219i intestinal sunt:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Albumoze \u0219i peptone ", "B. Acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicogen ", "C. Oligopeptide \u0219i maltoz\u0103 ", "D. Monogliceride \u0219i glicerol " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura tulpinii la dicotiledonate, \u021besuturil e pot fi prezente de la ex terior spre interior astfel :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 colenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 liber \u2013 lemn \u2013 parenchim ", "B. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 colenchim \u2013 liber \u2013 lemn \u2013 parenchim ", "C. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 colenchim \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 lemn \u2013 liber \u2013 parenchim ", "D. Epiderm\u0103 \u2013 parenchim \u2013 sclerenchim \u2013 lemn \u2013 liber \u2013 parenchim " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre tipuri le de nutri\u021bie /specie reprezentativ\u0103/particularit\u0103\u021bi anatomo -func\u021bionale :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Nutri\u021bie parazit\u0103/ Orobanche minor /tulpini metamorfozate de tip haustori ", "B. Nutr i\u021bie saprofit\u0103/mucegaiul alb/ descompune substan\u021be anorganice complexe ", "C. Nutri\u021bie mixotrof\u0103/v\u00e2sc/r\u0103d\u0103cini metamorfozate absorb sev\u0103 brut\u0103 pentru fotosintez\u0103 ", "D. Nutri\u021bie simbiont\u0103/micorize/transfer reciproc de substan\u021be \u00eentre plant\u0103 \u0219i bacterie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacteriile simbionte sunt prezente \u00een:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. Cecumurile intestinale ale p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", "2. Intestinul gros al omului ", "3. Ierbarul rumeg\u0103toarelor ", "4. Intestinul gros al unor ierbivore " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele componente ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii con\u021bin \u021besut cartilaginos:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. Laringe ", "2. Bronhii ", "3. Trahee ", "4. Bronhiole " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Structur ile notat e cu n r. 2 se caracterizeaz \u0103 prin:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. La extremitatea anterioar\u0103 prezint\u0103 lobii optici , dominan\u021bi la pe\u0219ti si amfibieni ", "2. Lateral prezint\u0103 corpii stria\u021bi , structuri nervoase foarte volumin oase la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "3. Formeaz\u0103 scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 stratificat\u0103 la amfibieni , reptile , p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", "4. Sunt component e ale telencefalului \u0219i sunt dominant e la reptile \u0219i mamifere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Forma\u021biunea nervoas \u0103 notat\u0103 cu nr . 5 poate avea urm\u0103toarele roluri:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. Controleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile legate de hr\u0103nire ", "2. Regleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular ", "3. Controleaz\u0103 secre\u021b iile digestive ", "4. Regleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile respiratorii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Component a notat\u0103 cu n r. 4 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. La pas\u0103ri atinge dezvoltarea maxim\u0103 ", "2. Con\u021bine receptori vestibulari \u0219i controleaz\u0103 echilibrul ", "3. La mamifere este in rela\u021bie cu puntea lui Varolio ", "4. La pe\u0219ti prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la proprioceptori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Structur ile notat e cu n r. 1 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. Con\u021bin la extremitatea anterioar\u0103 celule mitrale ale c\u0103ror axoni formeaz\u0103 tractu ri olfactiv e ", "2. Prime sc informa\u021bii prin axonii celulelor multipolare cu originea \u00een tunica intern\u0103 a ochilor ", "3. Sunt component e ale telencefalului la toate vertebratele ", "4. Apar\u021bin mezencefalului \u0219i sunt foarte volumino \u0219i la pe\u0219ti " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Trunchiul cerebral controleaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele reflexe vegetative :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. Salivar ", "2. Mic\u021biunea ", "3. Lacrimal ", "4. Defeca\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 particularit\u0103\u021bi ale organelor de sim\u021b la pe\u0219ti:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. Urechea medie apare sub forma a dou\u0103 pungi faringiene laterale ", "2. Linia lateral\u0103 con\u021bine celule senzoriale pentru perceperea curen\u021bilor ", "3. Cristalinul este deformat de un mu\u0219chi pentru a distinge obiectele \u00een mi\u0219care ", "4. Ochii sunt veziculari, iar cristalinul este sferic \u0219i rig id " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele gliale pot \u00eendeplini func\u021bii comune/similare cu celulele altor \u021besuturi , cum ar fi :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. \u021aesutul conjunctiv fluid, prin celulele sanguine nucleate prezente \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i limf\u0103 ", "2. \u021aesutul conjunctiv care con\u021bine elemente componente \u00een propor\u021bii relativ egale ", "3. \u021aesutul conjunctiv bogat \u00een fibre de colagen ", "4. \u021aesutul epitelial care produce substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Experimentul de eviden\u021biere a fotosintezei la o plant\u0103 acvatic\u0103 , pe baza elimin\u0103rii oxigenului , poate e\u0219ua din cauza:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. Reducerii intensit\u0103\u021b ii luminii care \u00eentrerupe procesul ", "2. Leziunilor celulare produse de lumina \u00een exces ", "3. Expunerii plantei la lumin\u0103 monocrom\u0103 ro\u0219ie ", "4. Absen\u021bei dioxidului de carbon \u00een apa fiart\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103cit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Complexitatea comportamentului mamiferelor este dependent\u0103 anatomo -func\u021bional de urm\u0103toarele caracteristici ale scoar\u021bei cerebrale:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Volumul \u0219i \u00eentinderea \u021besutului nervos format din neuroni de form\u0103 diferit\u0103 ", "2. Formarea noilor circuite interneuronale \u0219i exper ien\u021ba individual\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 ", "3. Modificarea formei prelungirilor neuronale \u0219i a traseului impulsurilor nervoase ", "4. Capacitatea de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i structura complex\u0103 a scoar\u021bei cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocieri directe sau indirecte \u00eentre receptorii unor analizatori \u0219i componente ale SNC implicate \u00een declan\u0219area unor reflexe/comportamente:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. Muguri gustativi: nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral , talamus , scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 , ", "2. Creste ampulare : nuclei se nzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral, diencefal, lob temporal al scoar\u021bei cerebrale , arhicerebel ", "3. Proprioceptori : m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii , diencefal , arii senzitive corticale , paleocerebel ", "4. Fibre nervoase libere din piele : neuroni viscerosenzitiv i medulari , talamus, gir precentral cortical " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Expunerea unei plante la lumin\u0103, \u00een condi\u021biile umidit\u0103\u021bii optime a solului, favorizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Sinteza pigmen\u021bilor clorofilieni \u0219i eliberarea electronilor la nivelul sistemelor fotochimice ", "2. Ascensiunea pasiv\u0103 a sev ei brute prin vase conduc\u0103toare formate din celule moarte ", "3. Men\u021binerea echilibrului osmotic la nivelul \u021besuturilor \u0219i prevenirea supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirii plantei ", "4. Acumularea substan\u021belor organice \u00een \u021besutul fundamental \u0219i \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea atmosferei cu O 2 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Reducerea polu \u0103rii \u0219i/sau producerea de energie pot fi asigurate cu participarea:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Bacteriilor \u0219i ciupercilor saprofite ", "2. Organismelor fotoautotrofe ", "3. Microorganismelor anaerobe ", "4. Organismelor autotrofe chemosintetizante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Epiteliile gland ulare exocrine se pot caracteriz a prin:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Secret\u0103 produ\u0219i de natur\u0103 organic\u0103 \u0219i anorganic\u0103 ", "2. Sintetizeaz\u0103 enzime hidrolitice excretate \u00een cavitatea gastric\u0103 \u0219i intestinal\u0103 ", "3. Produc substan\u021be cu rol de protec\u021bie la nivelul tubului digestiv \u0219i a c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "4. Constituie principalele compone nte ale glandelor digestive exocrine -salivare, ficat, pancreas " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Diferite b oli de natur\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 pot genera simptome precum:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. Pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei, \u00eencetinirea respira\u021biei, paralizii ", "2. Tuse seac\u0103, modific\u0103ri ale respira\u021biei, temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103 ", "3. \u00cencetare a func\u021biei rinichiului asociat\u0103 cu anurie ", "4. Grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, febr\u0103 , junghi toracic, icter " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Activitatea sistemului cardiovascular \u0219i respirator se adapteaz\u0103 permanent la gradul de solicitare a organismului astfel:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Efortul \u2013 cre\u0219te capacitatea pulmonar\u0103 total\u0103, relaxeaz\u0103 sfincterele precapilare ", "2. Repaus ul \u2013 scade frecven\u021ba cardiac\u0103, vasoconstric\u021bie periferic\u0103 ", "3. Efortul \u2013 expira\u021bie activ\u0103, cre\u0219te presiunea arterial\u0103 ", "4. Repaus ul \u2013 scad e debitul cardiac \u0219i amplitudinea inspira\u021biei, relaxeaz\u0103 musculatur a arteriolelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Diferen\u021bele de concentra\u021bie dintre : concentra\u021bia mediului intracelular al celulel or rizodermei \u0219i concentra\u021bia solu\u021biei din sol influen\u021beaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia apei astfel:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Volumul mai mare al sucului vacuolar determin\u0103 ie\u0219irea apei din celule ", "2. Concentra\u021bia mai redus \u0103 a solu\u021biei din sol determin\u0103 intrarea apei \u00een celule ", "3. Volumul mai sc\u0103zut al sucului vacuolar permite intrarea apei \u00een celule ", "4. Concentra\u021bia mai mic\u0103 a solu\u021biei din sol determin\u0103 trecerea apei \u00een sol " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Grana ar e urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Este localizat\u0103 pe lamele derivate din membrana intern\u0103 a cloroplast ului ", "2. Con\u021bine ribozomi cu rol \u00een sinteza pigmen\u021bilor ", "3. Depoziteaz\u0103 pigmen\u021bi clorofilieni activi \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 ", "4. Au forma unor vezicule dispersate \u00een strom a cloroplastului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi variantele \u00een care \u021besuturile conjunctive sunt asociate corect cu lo calizarea, structura, aspectul \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile acestora:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. Cartilaje costale \u2013 con\u021binut redus de fibre \u2013 aspect translucid \u2013 consisten\u021b\u0103 fluid\u0103 ", "2. Articula\u021bii \u2013 cantitate mare de fibre \u2013 con\u021binut redus de celule \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 mare ", "3. Trahee \u2013 lamele dispuse dezordonat \u2013 culoare sidefie \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 mare ", "4. Centrul oaselor scurte \u2013 lamele dispuse dezordonat \u2013 aspect buretos \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 medie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi structurale ale sistemului digestiv la vertebrate:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. La pe\u0219ti i cartilagino\u0219i exist\u0103 o delimitare clar\u0103 \u00eentre cavitatea bucal\u0103 \u0219i faringe ", "2. Ciclostomii prezint\u0103 \u00een gur\u0103 din\u021bi corno\u0219i pe maxilare , iar stomacul lipse\u0219te ", "3. La p\u0103s\u0103ri faringele prezint\u0103 o dilata\u021bie ca re stocheaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenmoaie hrana ", "4. P\u0103s\u0103rile au dou\u0103 cecumuri la limita dintre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i cel gros " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Vertebratele care au rinichi de tip mezonefros prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi ale sistemului excretor:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. Nefronii sunt mai numero\u0219i \u0219i mai perf orman\u021bi dec\u00e2t la ciclostomi, prev\u0103zu\u021bi cu capsul\u0103 ", "2. Unele specii care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii aride, pot elimina urin \u0103 diluat\u0103 ", "3. La formele marine rinichii men\u021bin o presiunea osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a mediului extern ", "4. La vertebratele de ap\u0103 dulce rinichii re\u021bin apa din mediu \u0219i produc urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La plante, rela\u021bia dintre respira\u021bie \u0219i factorii extern i este influen\u021bat\u0103 astfel :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. O concentra\u021bie atmosferic\u0103 de 75% O 2 accelereaz\u0103 foarte mult respira\u021bia ", "2. Odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta respira\u021bia scade, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u021besuturile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc ", "3. Gradul de hidratare a l celulelor influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare ", "4. Prezen\u021ba \u00een aer a dioxidului de carbon \u00een exces, inhib\u0103 respira\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Forma\u021biunile situate la baza emisferelor cerebrale prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. La ciclostomi a u func\u021bii motorii \u0219i rol dominant ", "2. La p\u0103s\u0103ri ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte din creier ", "3. La reptile neuronii sunt a\u0219eza\u021bi \u00een straturi ", "4. La toate vertebratele au func\u021bii motorii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Forma\u021biunea derivat\u0103 din metencefal are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici la mamifere:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. Prime\u0219te impulsuri din aria mot orie prin nucleii din puntea lui Varolio ", "2. Este \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu nucleii vestibulari \u0219i controleaz\u0103 echilibrul ", "3. Trimite c\u0103tre scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 impul suri care dau precizie mi\u0219c\u0103rilor ", "4. Controleaz\u0103 tonusul muscular \u0219i pozi\u021bia corpului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege varianta \u00een care sunt corect asociate nucleii de substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie ai mamiferelor , localizarea acestora \u0219i func\u021biile pe care le coordoneaz\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Nucleii senzitivi \u2013 trunchiul cerebral \u2013 mi\u0219c\u0103rile mu\u0219chilor fe\u021bei ", "2. Nucleii bazali \u2013 emisfe rele cerebrale \u2013 pozi\u021bia \u0219i mi\u0219carea corpului ", "3. Centrul gastrosecretor \u2013 talamus \u2013 secre\u021bia gastric\u0103 ", "4. Nucleii vegetativi \u2013 hipotalamus \u2013 echilibrul hidric " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi eroarea despre epiteliile de acoperire:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin lipsa vaselor de s\u00e2nge ", "B. sunt separate de \u021besuturile vecine prin membrana bazal\u0103 ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea structurii receptoare retiniene ", "D. pot avea unul sau mai multe straturi celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Plantele adaptate la umbr\u0103 se deosebesc de cele adaptate la lumin\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. fotosinteza atinge platoul maxim la 100.000 luc\u0219i ", "B. frunze mai bogate \u00een clorofil\u0103 ", "C. limiteaz\u0103 transpira\u021bia printr -o cuticul\u0103 groas\u0103 ", "D. grosimea limbului frunzei este mai mare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre hidroliza digestiv\u0103 sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. necesit\u0103 enzime specializate fiecare pentru mai multe tipuri de reac\u021bii ", "B. este un proces de transformare chimic\u0103 a substan\u021belor alimentare ", "C. este o reac\u021bie de descompunere cu parti cipare enzimatic\u0103 ", "D. la fiecare leg\u0103tur\u0103 care este rupt\u0103 se adaug\u0103 o molecul\u0103 de ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Molecula de ATP se deosebe\u0219te de ADP prin:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. acumuleaz\u0103 energie \u00eentre grup\u0103rile fosfat din pozi\u021biile 2 \u0219i 3 ", "B. la eucariotele aerobe se produce \u00een cantitate mare \u00een citoplasma c elular\u0103 ", "C. este folosit\u0103 de celul\u0103 \u00een toate procesele de la nivelul mitocondriilor ", "D. energia \u00eenmagazinat\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 exclusiv pentru cre\u0219terea celulelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Microglia reprezint\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. grupuri de neuroni care formez\u0103 substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie a sistemului nervos ", "B. structuri care apar\u021bin \u021besutului muscular striat de tip cardiac ", "C. celule cu numeroase ramifica\u021bii care \u00eenso\u021besc neuronii ", "D. celule care genereaz\u0103 \u0219i conduc impulsuri nervoase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Corpii gra\u0219i:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. sunt structuri ata\u0219ate veziculelor seminale ale amfibienilor masculi ", "B. sunt anexe ale gonadelor at\u00e2t la masculii c\u00e2t \u0219i la femelele amfibienilor ", "C. se g\u0103sesc la polii anteriori ai rinichilor de la amfibieni ", "D. se g\u0103sesc ata\u0219a\u021bi la vezica urinar\u0103 a reptilelor \u0219i amfibienilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 proteine care se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de anticorpi pentru a -i neutraliza ", "B. sunt elemente celulare care produc antigene cu rol \u00een imunitatea corpului ", "C. la adult, sunt produse de \u021besutul reticulat din m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 a diafizei ", "D. apar\u021bin leucocitelor \u0219i produc anticorpi specifici fiec\u0103rui tip de antigen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 dintre elemente apar\u021bin\u00e2nd sistemului respirator, tipul de \u021besut caracteristic \u0219i func\u021bia pe care o au :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. trahee \u2013 cartilaj fibros \u2013 trecerea aerului ", "B. laringe \u2013 \u021besut hialin \u2013 producerea sunetelor ", "C. alveole \u2013 epiteliu pluri stratificat \u2013 schimbul de gaze ", "D. cavit\u0103\u021bi nazale \u2013 epiteliu pseudostratificat \u2013 tranzitul aerului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Temperatura optim\u0103 corelat\u0103 cu consumul de CO 2 \u00een procesul de fotosintez\u0103 la cartof este :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. 30-35\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 40mg/dm2/or\u0103 ", "B. 35-40\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 30mg/ dm2/or\u0103 ", "C. 45-50\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 20mg/ dm2/or\u0103 ", "D. 20-30\u00b0C \u0219i consum de CO 2 de 40mg/ dm2/or\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Xerofitele au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. frunzele au dimensiuni reduse ", "B. prezint\u0103 numeroase hidatode ", "C. cuticula poate fi \u00eengro\u0219at\u0103 ", "D. num\u0103rul de stomate este redus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Epiteliul traheei, ca \u0219i epiteliul intestinului sub\u021bire:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. produce mucus care re\u021bine particulele str\u0103ine ", "B. se sprijin\u0103 pe o membran\u0103 bazal\u0103 groas\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 microvili la polul apical al celulelor ", "D. este constituit din celule \u00eenalte al\u0103turate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Bacteriile fixatoare de azot:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. oxideaz\u0103 NH 3 din nodozit\u0103\u021bi ", "B. furnizeaz\u0103 gazdei substan\u021be azotate ", "C. formeaz\u0103 micorize pe r\u0103d\u0103cini ", "D. se g\u0103sesc la multe specii de arbori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Reac\u021biile de hidroliz\u0103 din timpul digestei chimice:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. au ca rezultat dizolvarea \u0219i umectarea hranei ", "B. se realizeaz\u0103 extracelular \u0219i intracelular, la celenterate ", "C. elimin\u0103 o molecul\u0103 de ap\u0103 la fiecare leg\u0103tur\u0103 chimic\u0103 rupt\u0103 ", "D. au loc la un pH foarte acid \u00een toate cavit\u0103\u021bile digestive " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Etape ale digestiei chimice a lipidelor din carne au loc \u00een:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. stomac, ca urmare a activit\u0103\u021bii lipazei gastrice ", "B. intestinul sub\u021bire, sub ac\u021biunea enzimelor biliare ", "C. ileon, datorit\u0103 lipazei active \u00een lumenul intestinal ", "D. duoden, prin activitatea lipazei pancreat ice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tubul digestiv al iepurelui se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. apendice foarte voluminos ", "B. stomac cu bacterii care diger\u0103 celuloza ", "C. intestin sub\u021bire foarte lung ", "D. stomac tetracameral care secret\u0103 pepsin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pentru vehicularea volumelor de gaze respiratorii, la mamifere, se contract\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. mu\u0219chii g\u00e2tului - pentru VIR ", "B. mu\u0219chiul diafragm \u2013 pentru VER ", "C. mu\u0219chii intercostali interni - VIR ", "D. mu\u0219chiul diafragm - pentru VR " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei din sol de c\u0103tre r\u0103d\u0103 cin\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se bazeaz\u0103 pe difuziunea apei printr -o membran\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", "B. atinge valoarea optim\u0103 \u00een solurile cu con\u021binut maxim de ap\u0103 ", "C. const\u0103 \u00een p\u0103trunderea apei \u00een solu\u021bia mai diluat\u0103 din perii absorban\u021bi ", "D. se realizeaz\u0103 de c\u0103tre rizoderma \u0219i exoderma care protej eaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul conjunctiv fluid, la mamifere:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine elemente figurate biconvexe, \u00eenc\u0103rcate cu o protein\u0103 cu fier ", "B. asigur\u0103 ap\u0103rarea imunitar\u0103, prin limfocitele care fagociteaz\u0103 antigenele ", "C. prezint\u0103 aglutininele \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2, \u00een cazul grupei sanguine prim itor universal ", "D. transport\u0103 la ficat, prin vena port\u0103, produ\u0219ii finali de digestie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen sec\u021biune longitudinal\u0103 prin rinichiul uman, se observ\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. artera renal\u0103, vena renal\u0103 \u0219i ureterul care intr\u0103 prin hil ", "B. calicele membranoase, situate la v\u00e2rful piramidelor renale ", "C. capsula conjunctiv\u0103 fibroas\u0103 cu pere\u021bi dubli, la suprafa\u021b\u0103 ", "D. piramidele renale cu baza spre pelvisul renal, \u00een zona medular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 a inimii mamiferelor:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. \u021besutul excitoconductor car diac se contract\u0103 \u00een mod ritmic ", "B. valvulele sigmoide sunt ancorate de ventricule prin cordaje ", "C. epicardul este foi\u021ba visceral\u0103 din structura pericardului ", "D. ventriculele au interiorul neted \u0219i peretele mai gros dec\u00e2t al atriilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celulele embrionului plantelor :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. au parcurs un program genetic precis de diferen\u021biere ", "B. sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u021be organice \u00een cursul respira\u021biei ", "C. pot fi observate macroscopic \u00een diferite faze ale mitozei ", "D. sunt a\u0219ezate al\u0103turat, f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021bii libere \u00eentre ele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sinapsa efectoare se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. doi neuroni separa\u021bi prin fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", "B. un axon \u0219i celula unei glande ", "C. o dendrit\u0103 \u0219i o celul\u0103 muscular\u0103 ", "D. o celul\u0103 senzorial\u0103 \u0219i un neuron " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la schimbul de gaze:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. O2 eliberat \u00een fotosintez\u0103 provine din descompunerea CO 2 ", "B. CO 2 din \u021besuturi circul\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte sub form\u0103 de bicarbona\u021bi ", "C. la nivel alveolar, hemoglobina plasmatic\u0103 se \u00eencarc\u0103 cu O 2 ", "D. la plante este favorizat de prezen\u021ba unor forma\u021biuni ale \u021besutului de ap\u0103rare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Digestia intracelular\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este o form\u0103 de hr\u0103nire la protozoare \u0219i omizi ", "B. reprezint\u0103 un mecanism al imunit\u0103\u021bii la limfocite ", "C. utilizeaz\u0103 organite veziculare echipate cu enzime ", "D. are loc \u00een cavit\u0103\u021bi intracelulare ale tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la organele cu rol \u00een depozitarea unor substan\u021be:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. rizom \u2013 m\u0103rg\u0103ritar, p\u0103l\u0103mid\u0103 ", "B. \u021besut osos \u2013 s\u0103ruri de calciu ", "C. bulb \u2013 ghiocel, pir, ceap\u0103 ", "D. \u021besut acvifer - cactus " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin func\u021bia de excre\u021bie se elimin\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. apa, dup\u0103 o ingestie masiv\u0103 de lichide ", "B. materiile fecale rezultate \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire ", "C. substan\u021be rezultate din dezasimila\u021bie, precum alcoolul ", "D. substan\u021be cu rol de semnal chimic, de exemplu ureea " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. exoderma r\u0103d\u0103cinii are func\u021bie de absorb\u021bie \u00een zonele apropiate de v\u00e2rful de cre\u0219tere ", "B. lamelele \u021besutului osos spongios con\u021bin spa\u021bii care confer\u0103 un aspect buretos ", "C. molecula de clorofil\u0103 capteaz\u0103 electroni sub ac\u021biunea razelor luminoase ", "D. hidratarea necorespunz\u0103toare a plantelor poate mic\u0219ora spa\u021biile dintre celule " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre particularit\u0103\u021bile func\u021bionale ale sistemului respirator la vertebrate este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. pielea amfibienilor este sub\u021bire \u0219i con\u021bine foarte multe vase de s\u00e2nge ", "B. respira\u021bia p\u0103s\u0103rilor este favorizat\u0103 de sacii aerieni care le cresc densitatea ", "C. plierea pronun\u021bat\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor modific\u0103 semnificativ rata schimburilor gazoase ", "D. celulele homeotermelor produc c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i astfel depind de temperatura mediului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 a poikilotermelor:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. amestecarea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat cu cel neoxigenat la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "B. arterele cutanee ale broa\u0219telor transport\u0103 dioxid de carbon ", "C. sistemul excretor con\u021bine cloaca la reptile \u0219i amfibieni ", "D. gura ciclostomilor este rotund\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de maxilare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 poate fi cauzat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. paralizii ale membrelor ", "B. edeme cronice ", "C. boli ale rinichiului ", "D. tulbur\u0103ri de vedere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de fotosintez\u0103 se consum\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. H2O ", "2. compu\u0219i macroergici ", "3. C02 ", "4. pigmen\u021bi asimilatori " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dezvoltarea saprofitelor din alimente poate fi comb\u0103tut\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. mediu acid \u2013 ex. iaurt ", "2. mediu hipertonic \u2013 ex. dulcea\u021b\u0103 ", "3. deshidratare \u2013 ex. pesmet ", "4. saramur\u0103 \u2013 ex. br\u00e2nz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La angiosperme, seva elaborat\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. circul\u0103 pasiv prin floem, \u00een ambele sensuri ", "2. transport\u0103 celuloz\u0103 spre organele de depozit ", "3. are o vitez\u0103 de circula\u021bie mai mare dec\u00e2t a sevei brute ", "4. este transportat\u0103 prin celule tubulare vii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii saciformi:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. realizeaz\u0103 schimbul de gaze la tetrapodele poikiloterme ", "2. la p\u0103s\u0103ri se numesc saci aerieni \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een prelungirea unor bronhii ", "3. sunt prezen\u021bi la vertebratele cu circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", "4. au c\u0103ile aeriene intrapulmonare bine dezvoltate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen mecanismul osmotic de reglare a deschiderii ostiolei la lumin\u0103, celulele stomatice:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. absorb ap\u0103 din celulele anexe ", "2. \u00ee\u0219i modific\u0103 forma ", "3. \u00ee\u0219i cresc presiunea osmotic\u0103 ", "4. devin turgescente " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din analiza grafic ului al\u0103turat rezult\u0103 c\u0103 factorii limitan\u021bi pentru intensitatea fotosintezei speciilor notate cu A -D au fost:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. temperatura - pentru specia B ", "2. lumina \u0219i temperatura - pentru speciile A,C ", "3. CO 2 \u0219i temperatura - pentru specia D ", "4. CO 2 \u0219i lumina - pentru speciile C, A " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cre\u0219terea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui \u00een vase este determinat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea volemiei ", "2. sc\u0103derea elasticit\u0103\u021bii vaselor sanguine ", "3. mic\u0219orarea calibrului vaselor ", "4. cre\u0219terea presiunii osmotice a s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sistemul circulator al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, spre deosebire de cel al omului, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. inim\u0103 tetracameral\u0103 ", "2. trei vene cave ", "3. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i complet\u0103 ", "4. c\u00e2rj\u0103 aortic\u0103 orientat\u0103 spre dreapta " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune, spre deosebire de presiunea radicular\u0103, depi nde de:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. intensitatea transpira\u021biei ", "2. cantitatea de oxigen din sol ", "3. valoarea presiunii osmotice \u00een frunze ", "4. intensitatea respira\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Maltaza \u0219i zaharaza:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. catalizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bii din care rezult\u0103 glucoz\u0103 ", "2. fac parte din dizaharidele intestinale ", "3. sunt active \u00een condi\u021bii de pH bazic ", "4. finalizeaz\u0103 digestia amidonului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "O hematie se afl\u0103 \u00een artera renal\u0103. Pentru a reveni \u00een acela\u0219i loc, traseul va include:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. capilarele alveolare, unde cedeaz\u0103 CO 2 pentru a fi expirat ", "2. tubul nefronului, de unde se \u00eentoarce \u00een capilarele din jurul acestuia ", "3. artera care pleac\u0103 din ventriculul st\u00e2ng cu oxigen adus de la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "4. vena renal\u0103 care porne\u0219te din vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een rinichi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. transportul glucidelor \u2013 proces activ ", "2. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune \u2013 proces pasiv ", "3. presiunea radicular\u0103 \u2013 proces activ ", "4. transportul substan\u021belor din depozite \u2013 proces pasiv " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre respira\u021bie sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. celulele de la baza r\u0103d\u0103cinii respir\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t cele din v\u00e2rf ", "2. respira\u021bia intens\u0103 a plantelor diminueaz\u0103 produc\u021bia la hectar ", "3. temperatura optim\u0103 pentru respira\u021bie este aceea\u0219i la toate plantele ", "4. fructele \u0219i legumele \u00eentregi respir\u0103 mai lent dec\u00e2t cele cu leziuni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Artera pulmonar\u0103 la mamifere:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. merge \u00een acela\u0219i sens cu vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 ", "2. pleac\u0103 de la inim\u0103 din atriul drept ", "3. urmeaz\u0103 traseul arterei aorte ", "4. se bifurc\u0103 pentru cei doi pl\u0103m\u00eeni sub arcul a ortic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de absorb\u021bi e a apei de c\u0103tre r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. sucul vacuolar al celulelor rizodermei este mai diluat \u0219i atrage apa din sol ", "2. membrana celulelor rizodermei func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o membran\u0103 semipermeabil\u0103 ", "3. solu\u021bia din sol este mai concentrat\u0103 , astfel c\u0103 apa va fi absorbit\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 ", "4. o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 absoarbe apa dintr -o solu\u021bie mai diluat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura unui osteon se g\u0103sesc:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. vase de s\u00e2nge, termina\u021bii nervoase, osteocite ", "2. canal Havers, venul\u0103, periost ", "3. lamele concentrice, arteriol\u0103 , osteoplaste ", "4. trabecule osoase, canal medular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre cambiul subero -felodermic:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. este prezent la plantele cu \u00eengro\u0219are anual\u0103 ", "2. genereaz\u0103 spre exterior celule care acumuleaz\u0103 suberin\u0103 ", "3. este un meristem secundar cu dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 ", "4. celulele sale genereaz\u0103 feloderm spre exterior " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La \u00eentoarcerea venoas\u0103 \u0219i umplerea atriilor cu s\u00e2nge, contribuie:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. presiunea cu care circul\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een sistemul venos ", "2. contrac\u021biile miocardului \u00een timpul sistolei ventriculare ", "3. efectul de comprimare a venelor \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii musculare ", "4. contrac\u021biile miocardului atriilor \u00een timpul sistolei atriale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt \u00een rela\u021bie de direct\u0103 propor\u021bionalitate urm\u0103torii parametri ai sistemului circulator:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. volumul s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i presiunea acestuia \u00een artere ", "2. efortul muscular \u0219i debit ul cardiac ", "3. calibrul arterelor \u0219i viteza s\u00e2ngelui care circul\u0103 prin ele ", "4. v\u00e2scozitatea \u0219i volumul s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la amfibieni este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. partea st\u00e2ng\u0103 a ventriculului con\u021bine CO 2 adus de la \u021besuturi ", "2. \u00een atriul drept ajunge s\u00e2nge cu C O2 prin vena cutanee ", "3. s\u00e2ngele se amestec\u0103 par\u021bial \u00een cele dou\u0103 atrii ", "4. dispozitivul special din inim\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 amestecul s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Asem\u0103n\u0103rile func\u021bionale dintre stomate \u0219i lenticele sunt urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. au aspectul unor pori mici care apar la plante ", "2. apar \u00een t impul cre\u0219terii primare a plantelor ", "3. se \u00eenchid \u0219i se deschid \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile plantelor ", "4. sunt structuri responsabile pentru schimbul de gaze " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Studiind componentele din structura inimii se poate aprecia c\u0103 :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. 5 - foi\u021ba intern\u0103 a unui sistem de membrane ", "2. 1 - component\u0103 a circula\u021biei mari, av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 structura notat\u0103 cu 2 ", "3. 3 - componente ale circula\u021biei mici care transport\u0103 oxigen din inspira\u021bie ", "4. 6 - ven\u0103 a circula\u021biei mari \u00een care s\u00e2ngele este direc\u021bionat spre inim\u0103 prin contrac\u021bii a le mu\u0219chilor scheletici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre func\u021bia componentelor notate cu 1 -7 este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. componenta notat\u0103 cu 2 spre deosebire de cea ", "2. tubul notat cu 4 con\u021bine urin\u0103 primar\u0103 ", "3. componenta notat\u0103 cu 3 particip\u0103 la procesul de filtrare, at\u00e2t prin cap\u0103tul arterial, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin cel venos ", "4. \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 8 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 procese prin care se influen\u021beaz\u0103 con\u021binutul din 6 \u0219i 7 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Atribuie frunzelor notate cu A -D denumirile \u0219tiin\u021bifice ale speciilor corespunz\u0103toare :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. D - Sorbus torminalis ", "2. C - Ranunculus nobilis ", "3. A - Ginkgo biloba ", "4. B - Valeriana frainetto " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Asocia\u021bi bolile sistemului digestiv cu manifest\u0103rile acestora:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. ulcer gastro -duodenal \u2013 ac\u021biunea coroziv\u0103 a HCl ", "2. hepatita \u2013 urina \u00eenchis\u0103 la culoare ", "3. gastrita \u2013 consumul de alimente alterate ", "4. apendicita \u2013 temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele specii de bacterii anaerobe produc fermenta\u021bii:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ", "2. Sacharomyces cerevisiae ", "3. Streptotococcus lactis ", "4. Mycoderma aceti " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163ia corect\u0103 legat\u0103 de influen\u0163a factorilor asupra intensit\u0103\u0163ii respira\u0163iei la plante:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. scade atunci c\u00e2nd planta este expus\u0103 la lumin\u0103 ", "B. celulele deshidratate au o respira\u0163ie intens\u0103 ", "C. semin\u0163ele respir\u0103 intens la temperaturi sc\u0103zute ", "D. mugurii respir\u0103 lent \u00een perioada repausului de iarn\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La temperaturi u\u0219or pozitive (1 -20 C) se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 urm\u0103toarele procese:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. absorb\u0163ia \u015fi circula\u0163ia la plante cresc \u00een intensitate ", "B. citoplasma celulelor este prea v\u00e2scoas\u0103 ", "C. diviziunile celulare sunt mai frecvente ", "D. se formeaz\u0103 mul\u0163i peri\u015fori absorban\u0163i " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre valvulele sigmoide se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sunt \u00eencadrate de c\u00e2te un inel fibros ", "B. sunt ancorate de peretele ventricular ", "C. au aspect membranos \u201eca trei cuiburi de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103\u201d ", "D. permit trecerea s\u00e2ngelui din atrii \u00een ventricule " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "For\u021ba necesar\u0103 elimin\u0103rii apei prin guta\u021bie, este asigurat\u0103 \u00een mod direct de :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. presi unea radicular\u0103, care pompeaz\u0103 activ apa ascendent ", "B. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune a aparatului foliar, determinat\u0103 de evaporare ", "C. respira\u021bia sc\u0103zut\u0103 a organelor vegetative, la temperaturi ridicate ", "D. intensitatea fotosintezei, influen\u021bat\u0103 de spectrul radia\u021biei luminoase " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alimenta\u021bia bogat\u0103 \u00een dulciuri \u0219i cartofi poate determina:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. precipitarea carbona\u021bilor \u0219i fosfa\u021bilor ", "B. precipitarea acidului uric ", "C. acidifierea sau alcalinizarea urinei ", "D. precipitarea oxala\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Pupila are diametrul reglabil, datorit\u0103 :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. fibrelor circulare \u015fi radiare din iris ", "B. cristalinului, cu geometrie reglabil\u0103 ", "C. corneei, care refract\u0103 lumina ", "D. mu\u015fchilor ciliari \u0219i proceselor ciliare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fibra muscular\u0103 cardiac\u0103 difer\u0103 de fibra muscular\u0103 neted\u0103, prin:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. localizarea central\u0103 a nucleului ", "B. prezen\u021ba acesteia \u00een pere\u021bii esofagului ", "C. con\u021binutul de miofibrile contractile ", "D. existen\u021ba stria\u021biilor transversale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi sensul corect de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui prin inim\u0103:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. atriul drept \u2192 valva bicuspid\u0103\u2192 ventriculul drept ", "B. ventriculul st\u00e2ng \u2192 valva pulmonar\u0103 \u2192 trunchiul pulmonar ", "C. atriul st\u00e2ng \u2192 valva mitral\u0103 \u2192 ventriculul st\u00e2ng ", "D. ventriculul drept \u2192 valva semilunar\u0103 aortic\u0103 \u2192 artera aort\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sinapsele interneuronale pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite la nivelul urm\u0103toarelor structuri:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cordoanele anterioare \u0219i posterioare medulare ", "B. ganglionul de pe r\u0103d\u0103cina pos terioar\u0103 a nervului spinal ", "C. nucleii somatici \u0219i vegetativi din trunchiul cerebral ", "D. pe r\u0103d\u0103cina anterioar\u0103, motorie, a nervului spinal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre telencefal se poate afirma:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este format din lobii olfactivi, lobii optici \u0219i emisferele cerebrale ", "B. coordoneaz\u0103 func\u021biile motorii prin intermediul corpilor stria\u021bi ", "C. are pe scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 o zon\u0103 complex\u0103 numit\u0103 neocerebel ", "D. con\u021bine arii senzitive, motorii \u0219i de asocia\u021bie, la toate vertebratele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Maculele otolitice, spre deosebire de crestele ampulare:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. sunt localizate \u00een peretele utriculei \u0219i saculei ", "B. con\u021b in celule cu cili inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -o substan\u021b\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", "C. sunt stimulate de mi\u0219c\u0103rile de rota\u021bie ale a capului ", "D. con\u021bin celule care, la polul bazal, vin \u00een contact cu dendrite " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la neuronii intercalari, se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. prin dendrite sunt \u00een contact sinaptic cu neuronii motori ", "B. sunt localiza\u021bi exclusiv \u00een sistemul nervos central ", "C. prin axoni sunt \u00een contact sinaptic cu neuronii senzitivi ", "D. conecteaz\u0103 neuronul senzitiv cu cel motor \u00een reflexul rotulian " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cantitatea de ap\u0103 din corpul plantei influen\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza astfel:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. excesul - scade v\u00e2scozitatea citoplasmei ", "B. cantitatea redus\u0103 - altereaz\u0103 enzimele ", "C. deficitul - mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 spa\u021biile intercelulare ", "D. cantitatea mare - \u00eenchide stomatele " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Proteazele pancreatice au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. sunt secretate sub form\u0103 activ\u0103 \u00een pancreas ", "B. transform\u0103 proteinele \u00een albumoze \u0219i peptone ", "C. sunt activate \u00een intestin, la un pH alcalin ", "D. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba mucoasei intestinale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia aerob\u0103, similar respira\u021biei anaerobe:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. oxideaz\u0103 substan\u021bele organice cu formare de ATP ", "B. sunt procese inverse celor desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een fotosintez\u0103 ", "C. au ca substrat \u0219i ca produs de reac\u021bie compu\u0219i organici ", "D. elibereaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een mediu CO 2, H 2O \u0219i energie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Clorofila se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. absoarbe intens radia\u021bii de culoare verde ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t la lumin\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i la \u00eentuneric ", "C. se extrage cu solu\u021bii acide \u0219i benzin\u0103 ", "D. cedeaz\u0103 un electron sub ac\u021biunea luminii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune este influen\u021bat\u0103 pozitiv, \u00een mod direct, de:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba azotului \u00een a er \u0219i sol ", "B. intensitatea respira\u021biei r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "C. intensitatea evapor\u0103rii foliare ", "D. excesul de s\u0103ruri minerale din sol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la corpii stria\u021bi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. au func\u021bii senzitive \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ciclostomii ", "B. la amfibieni ating volum ul maxim de dezvoltare ", "C. la mamifere coordoneaz\u0103 tonusul muscular ", "D. sunt structuri nervoase dominante la amfibieni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nefronul este alc\u0103tuit din:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. tub urinifer \u00eenconjurat de capilare din arteriola care iese din glomerul ", "B. capsula Bowman cu pere\u021bi dubli, acoperit\u0103 de glomerulul vascular ", "C. trei tubi contor\u021bi \u2013 tub proximal, ansa Henle \u0219i tub distal ", "D. tubi colectori care se unesc \u0219i \u00een care ajunge urin\u0103 final\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat cu privire la procesele de fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i respira\u021bie la plante:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. \u00een cursul dimine\u021bii, \u00een frunzele pla ntelor, respira\u021bia \u0219i fotosinteza se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 concomitent, astfel c\u0103 oxigenul nu este eliberat \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", "B. la miezul nop\u021bii, \u00een frunzele plantelor are loc doar procesul de respira\u021bie , astfel c\u0103 dioxidul de carbon este preluat din atmosfer\u0103 ", "C. la amiaz\u0103, l a lumin\u0103 optim\u0103, intensitatea fotosintezei dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te intensitatea respira\u021biei , astfel c\u0103 o parte din oxigen este eliberat \u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", "D. seara, dup\u0103 apusul soarelui, \u00een frunzele plantelor, intensitatea fotosintezei cre\u0219te \u0219i respira\u021bia se " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Pedunculii cerebelo\u0219i au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. leag\u0103 nucleii cerebelo\u0219i de scoar\u021ba cerebeloas\u0103 ", "B. fac leg\u0103tura cerebelului cu m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", "C. au aspectul unor cordoane de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103 ", "D. leag\u0103 emisferele cerebeloase ale mamiferelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "O cultur\u0103 de castrave\u021bi are o productivitate mare dac\u0103 i se asigur\u0103 urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 125.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de N,P,K ", "B. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 95%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de N,P,K ", "C. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de N,P,K ", "D. temperatur\u0103 38\u00b0C; hidratare 75%; lumin\u0103 25.000 luc\u0219i; cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de N,P,K " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Dintre urm\u0103toarele variante, alege\u021bi enun\u021bul corect referitor la \u021besuturile vegetale :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. celulele \u0163esuturilor de sus\u0163inere sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u0163e ", "B. celulele \u0163esuturilor secretoare elaboreaz\u0103 produ\u015fi de secre\u0163ie \u015fi de excre\u0163ie ", "C. produ\u015fii de secre\u0163ie circul\u0103 \u00een corpul plantei prin vasele lemnoase ", "D. produ\u015fii de excre\u0163ie sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00een procesele metabolice ale plantei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i afirma\u0163ia ERONAT\u0102 despre circula\u021bie:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. la reptile este dubl\u0103, \u00eenchis\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", "B. la homeoterme este complet\u0103, deschis\u0103 \u0219i dubl\u0103 ", "C. la amfibieni este \u00eenchis\u0103, dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", "D. la p\u0103s\u0103ri este complet\u0103 , \u00eenchis\u0103 \u0219i dubl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u0162esutul cartilaginos hialin, spre deosebire de cel cartilaginos fibros:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este vascularizat \u015fi bogat inervat ", "B. formeaz\u0103 discurile intervertebrale ", "C. intr\u0103 \u00een structura cartilajelor articulare ", "D. con\u0163ine multe fibre care \u00eei dau rezisten\u0163\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre pepsin\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. este secretat\u0103 de o gland\u0103 anex\u0103 a tubului digestiv ", "B. ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr -un mediu foarte acid ", "C. scindeaz\u0103 albumozele \u015fi peptonele \u00een oligopeptide ", "D. este secretat\u0103 sub form\u0103 activ\u0103 de celulele glandulare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul unei inspira\u0163ii normale , la mamifere, au loc urm\u0103toarele procese:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. diafragma se contract\u0103, volumul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 scade, aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "B. diafragma se relaxeaz\u0103 , volumul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmona r\u0103 scade, aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "C. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi se contract\u0103 , volumul cutiei toracice scade, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 cre\u0219te , aerul p\u0103trunde \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "D. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi se relaxeaz\u0103 , volu mul cutiei toracice cre\u0219te, presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Au loc p rocese intense de fagocitoz\u0103 la nivelul:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. globulelor ro\u0219ii din s\u00e2ngele mamiferelor ", "B. neuronilor din scoar\u021ba cerebral\u0103 ", "C. osteocitelor din \u021besutul osos compact ", "D. leucocitelor din s\u00e2ngele homeotermelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 despre structurile nervoase de mai jos \u0219i func\u021biile acestora :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. telencefal \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 activitatea organelor interne, prin intermediul talamusului ", "B. metencefal \u2013 controleaz\u0103 tonusul musculaturii netede, prin intermed iul nucleului ro\u0219u ", "C. mielencefal \u2013 controleaz\u0103 secre\u021biile salivar\u0103 \u0219i gastric\u0103, prin intermediul nucleilor vegetativi ", "D. mezencefal \u2013 coordoneaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile globilor oculari, prin intermediul lobilor olfactivi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre mi\u0219carea \u0219i sensibilitatea la plante este adev\u0103rat unul dintre urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. game\u021bii b\u0103rb\u0103te\u0219ti sunt celule imobile care prezint\u0103 chimiotactism pozitiv ", "B. r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor prezint\u0103 geotropism negativ \u0219i fototropism pozitiv ", "C. zorelele \u0219i p\u0103p\u0103dia prezint\u0103 fotonastii independente de intensitatea luminii ", "D. foliolele de m\u0103cri\u0219ul iepurelui manifest\u0103 seismonastii dependente de stimuli mecanici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La nivelul mucoasei intestinale exist\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. pliuri mici - valvule co nivente ", "2. denivel\u0103ri \u00een form\u0103 de deget - vilozit\u0103\u0163i intestinale ", "3. vilozit\u0103\u0163i intestinale - cu \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea de 0,5 -1 cm ", "4. microvilozit\u0103\u0163i - la polul apical al celulelor intestinale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i enun\u021burile corecte privind absorb\u0163ia apei:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se bazeaz\u0103 pe trecerea de la o solu\u021bie diluat\u0103 spre o solu\u021bie mai concentrat\u0103 ", "2. p\u0103trunde \u00een celule prin activitatea unor ,,pompe de ioni\u201d consumatoare de energie ", "3. se produce prin celule a c\u0103ror for\u0163\u0103 de suc\u0163iune cre\u0219te de la exterior spre interior ", "4. este favorizat\u0103 de concentra\u021bia crescut\u0103 de s\u0103ruri minerale din sol " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul diastolei:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. tensiunea arterial\u0103 scade p\u00e2n\u0103 la valoarea minim\u0103 ", "2. peretele arterial revine la pozi \u1e6dia ini \u1e6dial\u0103 ", "3. curgerea intermitent\u0103 devine curgere continu\u0103 ", "4. peretele arterial preia o parte din energia cinetic\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege \u1e6di particularit\u0103 \u1e6dile sistemului circulator la pe\u0219ti:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. atriul prime\u0219te de la \u1e6desuturi s\u00e2nge cu CO 2 ", "2. ventriculul pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele spre branhii ", "3. de la branhii s\u00e2ngele oxigenat ajunge la \u021besuturi ", "4. \u00een bulbul arterial ajunge s\u00e2nge oxigenat din ventricul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri, sistemul respirator are urm\u0103toare le particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. spre deosebire de mamifere, lipsesc alveolele pulmonare ", "2. unele bronhii se dilat\u0103 \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor form\u00e2nd saci aerieni ", "3. suprafa\u021ba de schimb a gazelor este mai mare dec\u00e2t la amfibieni ", "4. cele mai s ub\u021biri bronhii sunt \u00eenconjurate de capilare sangvine " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirm a\u021bii sunt adev\u0103rate :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. la ciclostomi rinichii au nefroni pu\u0163ini, iar tubul urinifer \u00eencepe cu o p\u00e2lnie ciliat\u0103 ", "2. la pe\u015ftii de ap\u0103 dulce, mediul intern are o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a apei ", "3. reptilele care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii aride \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103rile recupereaz\u0103 apa prin cloac\u0103 ", "4. la pe\u015ftii marini, mediul intern are o presiune osmotic\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t a apei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre lagen\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. la pe\u015fti este reprezentat\u0103 de o dilata\u021bie a sacu lei ", "2. la amfibieni se prelunge\u015fte cu papila bazilar\u0103 ", "3. la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u015fi la mamifere se pliaz\u0103 \u00een spiral\u0103 ", "4. la reptile se produce alungirea acesteia " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mezencefalul:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. la ciclostomi, pe\u015fti \u015fi amfibieni are un rol dominant ", "2. ventral prezint\u0103 doi lobi optici volumino\u015fi ", "3. la reptile func\u021bia sa este subordonat\u0103 telencefalului ", "4. la mamifere prezint\u0103 ventral coliculii cvadrigemeni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cambiul subero -felodermic produce:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. spre exterior suber, \u0163esut ce ofer\u0103 protec\u0163ie mecanic\u0103 \u015fi izolare termic\u0103 ", "2. spre exterior, prin diviziuni repetate, felogen \u0219i lenticele ", "3. spre interior feloderm, un \u0163esut cu celule vii \u0219i spa\u0163ii intercelulare ", "4. spre interior feloderm, care, la toate tulpinile, prezint\u0103 cloroplaste " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Con\u021bin celule cu pere\u021bii \u00ee ngro\u0219a\u021bi:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. epiderma frunzelor de varz\u0103 ", "2. \u021besuturile mecanice ale nervurilor ", "3. suberul din tuberculul de cartof ", "4. vasele lemnoase ale angiospermelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul osos compact se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine areole cu vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i nervi ", "2. formeaz\u0103 partea central\u0103 a oaselor lungi ", "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een interiorul oaselor late \u0219i scurte ", "4. con\u021bine lamele concentrice cu osteocite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre mugurii gustativi:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. la polul bazal prezint\u0103 cili sensibi li la substan\u021be dizolvate \u00een saliv\u0103 ", "2. con\u021bin receptori tactili, termici \u0219i pentru durere ", "3. la polul apical sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de termina\u021bii nervoase senzitive ", "4. au celule senzoriale gustative fusiforme , asociate cu celule de sus\u021binere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre substrat, e nzima care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra acestuia \u0219i produ\u0219ii rezulta\u021bi:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. dextrine \u0219i amidon crud \u2013 amilaz\u0103 pancreatic\u0103 \u2013 maltoz\u0103 ", "2. lipide emulsionate \u0219i neemulsionate \u2013 lipaz\u0103 \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i monogliceride ", "3. dizaharide provenite din amidon \u2013 maltaz\u0103 \u2013 glucoz\u0103 ", "4. oligopeptide \u0219i albumoze \u2013 oligopeptidaze \u2013 aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fotosinteza \u0219i respira\u021bia aerob\u0103 se deosebesc prin:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. tipul de organite celulare implicate ", "2. efectul pe care \u00eel au asupra masei vegetale ", "3. produ\u0219ii finali pe care \u00eei genereaz\u0103 ", "4. sinteza de substan\u021be macroergice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Nervii optici :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. con\u021bin axoni \u0219i dendrite apar\u021bin\u00e2nd neuronilor multipolari ", "2. conduc poten\u021bialele de ac\u021biune spre cortexul occipital ", "3. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een apropierea celulelor stratului pigmentar ", "4. ies din globii oculari printr -o zon\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de fotoreceptori " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici func\u021bionale ale neuronilor:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. prezen\u021ba la nivelul axonilor a numeroase ramifica\u021bii colaterale ", "2. generarea impulsurilor \u0219i conducerea unidirec\u021bional\u0103 prin sinapse ", "3. prezen\u021ba tecii de mielin\u0103 \u00eentrerupt\u0103 la nivelul nodurilor Ranvier ", "4. transmiterea, prelucrarea \u0219i memorarea informa\u021biilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Pentru vederea la dista n\u021b\u0103, la nivelul globului ocular au loc urm\u0103toarele modific\u0103ri:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. mu\u0219chii circulari ciliari se relaxeaz\u0103 ", "2. cristalinul se bombeaz\u0103 ", "3. cristalinul se turte\u0219te ", "4. mu\u0219chii circulari ciliari se contract\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele boli pot fi \u00eencadrate \u00een categoria bacterioze lor \u0219i se manifest\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. hepatita \u2013 colorarea \u00een galben a pielii ", "2. pneumonia \u2013 tuse seac\u0103 \u0219i junghi toracic ", "3. apendicita \u2013 dureri abdominale \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi ", "4. tuberculoza \u2013 sl\u0103birea organismului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre receptorii vestibulari sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. doi receptori sunt pentru pozi\u021bia corpului \u0219i trei pentru rota\u021bie ", "2. receptorii pentru rota\u021bie se g\u0103sesc \u00een dilata\u021biile canalelor semicirculare ", "3. celulele senzoriale prezint\u0103 cili care str\u0103bat o zon\u0103 gelatinoas\u0103 ", "4. celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampul are sunt stimulate de mi\u0219carea otoli\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele asocieri:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. vaca \u2013 incisivi cu cre\u015ftere continu\u0103 ", "2. cerb \u2013 absen\u0163a incisivilor inferiori ", "3. pisic\u0103 \u2013 premolari cu relief zim\u021bat ", "4. porc \u2013 premolarii au relief rotunjit " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul zborului la p\u0103s\u0103ri:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. aerul trece de dou\u0103 ori prin pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "2. cutia toracic\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi modific\u0103 volumul ", "3. cutia toracic\u0103 este un suport imobil pentru aripi ", "4. sacii aerieni contribuie la cre\u015fterea densit\u0103\u0163ii corpului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0163i varianta corect\u0103 privind traseul sevei brute prin \u0163esuturile r\u0103d\u0103cinii:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. peri absorban\u0163i \u2013 exoderm \u0103 \u2013 m\u0103duv\u0103 \u2013 endoderm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 vase lemnoase ", "2. peri absorban\u0163i \u2013 exoderm\u0103 \u2013 scoar\u0163a \u2013 endo derm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 vase liberiene ", "3. rizoderm\u0103 \u2013 endoderm\u0103 - scoar\u0163\u0103 \u2013 exoderm\u0103 - periciclu \u2013 fascicul e lemno ase ", "4. rizoderm\u0103 \u2013 exoderm\u0103 \u2013 scoar\u0163\u0103 - endoderm\u0103 \u2013 periciclu \u2013 fascicule lemnoase " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Globii oculari ai reptilelor:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. sunt plasa\u021bi lateral sau frontal ", "2. se acomodeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea \u0219i deformarea cristalinului ", "3. sunt lipsi\u021bi de pleoape \u0219i de glande lacrimale ", "4. percep obiectele apropiate \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul unei expira\u021bii obi\u0219nuite la om:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sternul se apropie de coloana vertebral\u0103, iar diafragma coboar\u0103 ", "B. se contract\u0103 mu\u0219chii care rotesc \u0219i orizontalizeaz\u0103 coastele ", "C. presiunea intrapulmonar\u0103 este superioar\u0103 celei atmosferice ", "D. se relaxeaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii inspiratori suplimentari, cum ar fi diafragma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen intestinul sub\u021bire al mamiferelor au loc urm\u0103toarele procese chi mice:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. descompunerea proteinele ingerate \u00een acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i peptone ", "B. activarea elastazei, chimotripsinogenului \u0219i a pepsinogenului ", "C. digestia enzimatic\u0103 specific\u0103 a unor substan\u021be insolubile \u00een ap\u0103 ", "D. emulsionarea lipidelor, apoi hidroliza pic\u0103turilor fine de gr\u0103simi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele glande con\u021bin celule care produc mucus:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. glandele din cavitatea bucal\u0103 care asigur\u0103 digestia amidonului fiert ", "B. pancreasul, gland\u0103 mixt\u0103, care con\u021bine acini secretori de amilaz\u0103 ", "C. epiteliul gastric care trebuie protejat de ac\u021biunea acidului clorhidric ", "D. ficatul localizat la st\u00e2nga stomacului, cu rol \u00een producerea bilei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La pe\u0219ti:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. cristalinul deplasat de mu\u0219chi retractori este sferic \u0219i elastic ", "B. papila bazilar\u0103 este localizat\u0103 \u00een lagena din structura urechii interne ", "C. linia lateral\u0103 de la nivelul tegumentului sesizeaz\u0103 curen\u021bii de aer ", "D. neuronii chemosensibili se g\u0103sesc \u00een dou\u0103 depresiuni de la nivelul capului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura sistemului excretor al mamiferelor \u00eent\u00e2lnim:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. mai multe piramide renale la porc care corespund mai multor lobuli ", "B. dou\u0103 uretere cu traiect ascendent care se deschid \u00een vezica urinar\u0103 ", "C. \u021besut conjunctiv moale fibros cu rol de protec\u021bie pentru cei doi rinichi ", "D. capilare peritubulare implicate \u00een filtrarea s\u00e2ngelui \u0219i formarea urinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ca \u0219i bulbul rahidian prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie dispus\u0103 \u00een nuclei \u00eenconjura\u021bi de substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103 ", "B. leg\u0103turi aferente \u0219i eferente prin nervi senzitivi, motori \u0219i mic\u0219ti ", "C. centri nervo\u0219i ai unor reflexe somatice, vegetative \u0219i de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare ", "D. \u0219an\u021buri longitudinale la suprafa\u021b\u0103 fe\u021belor anterioar\u0103 \u0219i posteri oar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La nivelul retinei mamiferelor:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. exist\u0103 trei feluri de celule fotoreceptoare ", "B. dendritele neuronilor multipolari formeaz\u0103 nervul optic ", "C. celulele fotosensibile sunt \u00een vecin\u0103tatea epiteliul pigmentar ", "D. pata galben\u0103 are aspectul unei mici depresiuni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La reptile, spre deosebire de amfibieni:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. circula\u021bia este dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 ", "B. exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de din\u021bi ", "C. nefronii prezint\u0103 capsul\u0103 Bowmann ", "D. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii au form\u0103 de saci cuta\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia celular\u0103, spre deosebire de fotosintez\u0103:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. reprezint\u0103 un proces chimic endoterm ", "B. este o component\u0103 a catabolismului ", "C. \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103 energie \u00een moleculele de ATP ", "D. are loc \u00een organite delimitate de membrane duble " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen categoria plantelor ierboase cu micorize intr\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. pinul ", "B. mesteac\u0103nul ", "C. stejarul ", "D. orhideea " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen circula\u021bia simpl\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. ventriculul pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een aorta dorsal\u0103 ", "B. cele dou\u0103 vene cave se deschid \u00een singurul atriu ", "C. bulbul arterial distribuie s\u00e2ngele c\u0103tre cele patru branhii ", "D. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui scade dinspre aort\u0103 spre artera codal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Saltul evolutiv al sistemului nervos central la cele mai avansate vertebrate poikiloterme, comparativ cu clasa inferioar\u0103, const\u0103 \u00een apari\u021bia:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. paleocereb elului, ca o consecin\u021b\u0103 a diversific\u0103rii locomo\u021biei \u00een mediul terestru \u0219i acvatic ", "B. scoar\u021bei cerebrale, diferen\u021biat\u0103 pe dou\u0103 straturi neuronale \u00een alc\u0103tuirea telencefalului ", "C. substan\u021bei neagre la nivelul mezencefalului, asociat\u0103 cre\u0219terii complexit\u0103\u021bii mi\u0219c\u0103ri lor ", "D. centrilor noi de control al tonusului muscular \u0219i al mi\u0219c\u0103rilor la nivelul mielencefalului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre adapt\u0103rile anatomo -fiziologice comune \u0219i specii le de plante c are au moduri diferite de nutri\u021bie:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. absen\u021ba clorofilei \u0219i chi miotactism pozitiv: tor\u021belul \u0219i Orobanche minor ", "B. capcane \u0219i seismonastie: plante carnivore \u0219i Mimosa ", "C. reducerea dimensiunii frunzelor \u0219i geotropism: cuscuta \u0219i Lathraea squamaria ", "D. haustori \u0219i chimiotropism: Lathraea squamaria \u0219i v\u00e2scul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre componentele tubului digestiv, enzimele secretate de acestea \u0219i produ\u0219ii reac\u021biilor de hidroliz\u0103 ale acestora :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 amilaza salivar\u0103 \u2013 dextrine \u0219i maltoz\u0103 ", "B. stomac: lipaza \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerol, pepsinogen \u2013 albumoze \u0219i pepto ne ", "C. pancreas: elastaza \u2013 oligopeptide; lipaza \u2013 acizi gra\u0219i, glicerol, monogliceride ", "D. intestin sub\u021bire: maltaz\u0103 \u2013 glucoz\u0103; oligopeptidaze \u2013 aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi transfuziile incompatibile pe baza caracteristici lor sanguine donatori - primitori:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. aglutinine \u03b2 \u2192 grupa AB ", "B. aglutinogene B \u2192 aglutinine absente ", "C. aglutinine \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 \u2192 aglutinogene A \u0219i B ", "D. aglutinine absente \u2192 aglutinogene absente " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 de particularit\u0103\u021bi fiziologice reprezentative pentru una dintre clasele de vertebrate:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103 \u2013 excret\u0103 urin\u0103 solid\u0103 \u2013 c\u0103i respiratorii lungi \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi puternic cuta\u021bi ", "B. circula\u021bie simpl\u0103 \u2013 eliminarea dioxidului de carbon prin ridicarea operculelor \u2013 producerea urinei \u00een rinichi mezonefros cu nefroni ne\u00eencapsula\u021bi ", "C. circula\u021bie complet\u0103 \u2013 schimb de gaze la nivel pulmonar \u00een cursul ambelor etape ale ventila\u021biei \u2013 apa din urin\u0103 este reabsorbit\u0103 din cloac\u0103 ", "D. circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u2013 respira\u021bie branhial\u0103, tegumentar\u0103 \u0219i pulmonar\u0103 \u2013 urina produs\u0103 \u00een rinichi de tip " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Rinichiul de tip mezonefros, spre deosebire de cel pronefros:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit la ciclostomi, pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfibieni ", "B. con\u021bine mul\u021bi nefroni care au o p\u00e2lnie ciliat\u0103 ", "C. este prezent la pe\u0219tii marini care elimin\u0103 o urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", "D. con\u021bin e mai pu\u021bini nefroni care au capsul\u0103 Bowman " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Amfibienii se caracte rizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. pe fa\u021ba dorsal\u0103 a mezencefalului prezint\u0103 coliculi cvadrigemeni ", "B. urechea medie este legat\u0103 de faringe prin trompa lui Eustachio ", "C. ventriculul are un perete incomplet care separ\u0103 cele 2 circula\u021bii ", "D. ochii se acomodeaz\u0103 prin deplasarea \u0219i deformarea cristalinului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Guta\u021bia spre deosebire de transpira\u021bie :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 ascensiunea sevei brute \u00een corpul plantei ", "B. asigur\u0103 eliminarea apei la nivelul frunzelor ", "C. apare la umiditate mare a solului \u0219i c\u00e2nd aerul este uscat ", "D. este rezultatul activit\u0103\u021bii celulelor de la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La plante pierderea de ap\u0103 este limitat\u0103 de :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. densitatea redus\u0103 a stomate lor la plantele hidrofite ", "B. frunzele reduse la \u021bepi la plante din zona temperat\u0103 ", "C. perii epidermici care re\u021bin pic\u0103turile la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "D. cutina din peretele extern al celulelor epidermice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre particularit\u0103\u021bile func\u021bionale ale sistemului nervos la vertebrate este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. la toate vertebratele sistemul nervos provine din tubul neural situat dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de tubul digestiv ", "B. p\u0103s\u0103rile \u0219i mamiferele au hipotalamusul pe partea ventral\u0103 a diencefalului cu rol \u00een termoreglare ", "C. la ciclostomi, pe\u0219ti \u0219i amfib ieni metencefalul prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la receptorii vizuali \u0219i auditivi ", "D. p\u0103s\u0103rile au corpii stria\u021bi foarte volumino\u0219i, care ocup\u0103 cea mai mare parte din volumul creierului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Analiza comparativ\u0103 a forma\u021biunilor nervoase derivate din vezicula neural\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. mezencefalul, spre deosebire de metencefal, la ciclostomi \u0219i pe\u0219ti are rol dominant asupra tuturor celorlalte structuri ale sistemului nervos ", "B. telencefalul, spre deosebire de diencefal, prezint\u0103 pe partea ventral\u0103 un grup de nuclei care controleaz\u0103 activitatea organelor interne ", "C. mielencefalul, spre deosebire de telencefal, con\u021bine centri care regleaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile respiratorii \u0219i integreaz\u0103 informa\u021biile olfactive ", "D. metencefalul, spre deosebire de mezencefal, formeaz\u0103 \u00een partea dorsal\u0103 doi lobi optici volum ino\u0219i care " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre men\u021binerea pozi\u021biei capului \u00een raport cu linia vertical\u0103, se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este realizat\u0103 de doi receptori situa\u021bi \u00een 7 din figura al\u0103turat\u0103, care con\u021bin celule senzoriale cu cili inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -un strat gelatinos ", "B. aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie este posibil\u0103 cu participarea receptorilor situa\u021bi \u00een zonele notate cu 8, care au celule senzoriale cu cilii inclu\u0219i \u00eentr -o cupul\u0103 gelatinos\u0103 ", "C. recep torii care furnizeaz\u0103 informa\u021bii necesare men\u021binerii capului \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103 sunt situa\u021bi \u00een structurile notate cu 5 \u0219i 6 ", "D. celulele senzoriale localizate la baza structurilor notate cu 2, " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre eliminarea apei din corpul plantelor se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 mai ales la nivelul frunzelor printr -un mecanism de difuziune la nivelul hidatodelor ", "B. este necesar\u0103 pentru ascensiunea sevei brute care conduce odat\u0103 cu apa \u0219i ioni i minerali c\u0103tre frunze ", "C. asigur\u0103 schimbul de gaze necesar pentru procesele de fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i respira\u021bie, prin \u00eenchiderea ostiolelor ", "D. la lumin\u0103 cre\u0219te concentra\u021bia de substan\u021be organice \u00een celulele stomatice \u0219i scad elimin\u0103rile de ap\u0103 prin " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre canalul coledoc se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. conduce bila secretat\u0103 de celulele ficatului c\u0103tre vezica biliar\u0103, unde se depoziteaz\u0103 \u00een perioadele interdigestive ", "B. conduce bila spre duoden pentru ca enzimele pe care le con\u021bine ace asta s\u0103 participe la digestia lipidelor ", "C. \u00een timpul digestiei, transport\u0103 bila provenit\u0103 din vezica biliar\u0103 \u0219i o evacueaz\u0103 \u00een duoden printr -un orificiu comun cu al unui canal pancreatic ", "D. \u00een perioadele digestive transport\u0103 spre duoden bila secretat\u0103 de vezica biliar\u0103 localizat\u0103 pe fa\u021ba opus\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La nivelul globului ocular al mamiferelor, componentele acestui organ sunt pozi\u021bionate astfel:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. irisul se afl\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a cristalinului, posterior fa\u021b\u0103 de cornee \u0219i de corpul vitros ", "B. cristalinul este o lentil\u0103 divergent\u0103 \u0219i elastic\u0103, situat\u0103 posterior fa\u021b\u0103 de cornee \u0219i anterior fa\u021b\u0103 de umoarea sticloas\u0103 ", "C. sistemul optic, format din cornee, cristalin, iris \u0219i cele dou\u0103 umori, este dispus \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a globului ocular ", "D. retina, receptorul vizual, c on\u021bine un epiteliu pigmentar care vine \u00een raport direct cu partea intern\u0103 a " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cavitatea bucal\u0103 con\u021bine:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. dou\u0103 lame cornoase la vertebratele zbur\u0103toare ", "B. trei perechi de glande care secret\u0103 saliv\u0103 la mamifere ", "C. un disc oral cu dou\u0103 r\u00e2nduri de din\u021bi la ciclostomi ", "D. limba implicat\u0103 \u00een digestia mecanic\u0103 la mamifere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii variaz\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. mai intens\u0103 \u00een zona situat\u0103 \u00een vecin\u0103tatea tulpinii comparativ cu zona din apropierea v\u00e2rfului ", "B. mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 c\u00e2nd for\u021ba de suc\u021biune a celulelor scoar\u021bei o dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pe cea a celulelor rizodermei ", "C. favorizat\u0103 \u00een cazul multor specii de arbori de rela\u021bia cu unele ciuperci simbionte saprofite ", "D. influen\u021bat\u0103 de procesul activ de osmoz\u0103 de la nivelul membranelor celulare semipermeabile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre urechea mamiferelor se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. nervul auditiv trece prin osul temporal \u0219i conduce impulsuri nervoase spre creier ", "2. vibra\u021bi a timpanului determin\u0103 vibra\u021bia unei membrane cu suprafa\u021ba m ai mare dec\u00e2t a acestuia ", "3. membrana bazilar\u0103 \u0219i tectoria din canalul cohlear se prind de o prelungire a osului temporal ", "4. urechea medie con\u021bine aer la presiune atmosferic\u0103, fiind preluat de la nivelul laringelui " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Amfibienii , spre deosebire de pe\u0219ti , prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. rinichi de tip mezonefros care produc urin\u0103 concentrat\u0103 ", "2. respira\u021bi e aerob\u0103 dependent\u0103 de oxigenul din mediu aerian ", "3. ochi veziculari umezi\u021bi de apa prezent\u0103 \u00een mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", "4. doi rinichi ce produc urina condus\u0103 de uretere \u00een vezica urinar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pe o lam\u0103 se pun dou\u0103 pic\u0103turi, P 1 \u0219i P 2, care apoi se amestec\u0103. Care dintre urm\u0103toarele variante sunt corecte:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. P1 - plasm\u0103 0 + P 2 - plasm\u0103 B \u2192 aglutinare ", "2. P1 - plasm\u0103 0 + P 2 - s\u00e2nge A \u2192 f\u0103r\u0103 aglutinare ", "3. P1 - s\u00e2nge 0 + P 2 - plasm\u0103 AB \u2192 aglutinare ", "4. P1 - plasm\u0103 A + P 2 - plasm\u0103 AB \u2192 f\u0103r\u0103 aglutinare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La toate vertebratele \u00eent\u00e2lnim:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. telencefal, cu func\u021bie olfactiv\u0103 \u0219i corpi stria\u021bi, cu func\u021bii motorii ", "2. paleocerebel, care prime\u0219te impulsuri de la proprioreceptori ", "3. mezencefal, care prime\u0219te informa\u021bii vizuale \u0219i auditive ", "4. scoar\u021b\u0103 cerebral\u0103, alc\u0103tuit\u0103 dou\u0103 straturi de neuroni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Plantele:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. hidrofite elimin\u0103 excesul de ap\u0103 pasiv \u0219i activ prin intermediul stomatelor ", "2. umbrofile au frunze mai sub\u021biri, cloroplaste mai mari \u0219i mai pu\u021bin\u0103 clorofil\u0103 ", "3. cu tulpini ierboase pot fi volubile la maz\u0103re \u0219i ag\u0103\u021b\u0103toare la ieder\u0103 ", "4. xerofite pot con\u021bin e \u021besut fundamental asimilator \u00een structura tulpinilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre bolile umane de natur\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 ale sistemelor implicate \u00een func\u021biile de nutri\u021bie putem spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. TBC-ul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin lipsa poftei de m\u00e2ncare ", "2. epilepsia se manifest\u0103 prin convulsii, pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei ", "3. hepatita se manifest\u0103 prin oboseal\u0103, m\u0103rirea ficatului ", "4. paralizia poate fi cauzat\u0103 de ruperea unor vase de s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Prin fermenta\u021bie:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. Saccharomyces sp. realizeaz\u0103 transformarea mustului \u00een vin ", "2. Mycoderma aceti reduce alcoolul etilic rezult\u00e2nd acidul acetic ", "3. bacteriile metanogene din reactoarele industriale produc biogaz ", "4. Lactobacillus bulgaricus transform\u0103 lactoza \u00een acid lactic \u0219i CO 2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile ascendente \u0219i descendente stabilesc urm\u0103toarele conexiuni anatomo -func\u021bionale cu lobii cortexului cerebral:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. 1 \u2192 nuclei bazali \u2192 coarne anterioare medulare \u2192 nervi ", "2. mecanoreceptori di n canalul cohlear \u2192 fibre senzitive ale unor nervi cranieni \u2192 trunchi cerebral \u2192 diencefal \u2192 2 ", "3. fotoreceptori \u2192 celule bipolare \u2192 celule multipolare \u2192 diencefal \u2192 5 ", "4. 1 \u2192 3 \u2192 4; 4 \u2192 3 \u2192 1 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Eficien\u021ba absorb\u021biei depinde de:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. prezen\u021ba glandelor situate \u00een profunzimea mucoasei care produc sucul intestinal ", "2. re\u021beaua bogat\u0103 de capilare sanguine \u0219i limfatice de la nivelul microvilozit\u0103\u021bilor ", "3. prezen\u021ba anselor \u0219i a unor valvule, la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire \u0219i a intestinului gros ", "4. gradul de pliere al mucoasei, epiteliul unistratificat, num\u0103rul \u0219i structura vilozit\u0103\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corect e dintre caracteristici le urechii interne notate cu A, B, C, D, E, F \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bi le globilor oculari apar\u021bin\u00e2nd aceleia\u0219i clase de vertebrate:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. E \u2013 asociat\u0103 cu ureche medie \u0219i conduct auditiv; globii ", "2. B \u2013 preia vibra\u021bi ile sonore transmise succesiv de la timpan \u2013 columel\u0103 \u2013 fereastr\u0103 oval\u0103; globii oculari sunt proteja\u021bi de pleoape imobile \u0219i glande lacrimale ", "3. A \u2013 receptorii acustici sunt localiza\u021bi \u00een componentele 3 \u0219i 2; globii oculari sunt veziculari \u0219i au cristalin sfe ric \u0219i rigid ", "4. D \u2013 receptorii acustici sunt stimula\u021bi datorit\u0103 vibra\u021biilor ini\u021biate \u0219i transmise de la timpanul foarte retras; globii oculari cu trei pleoape \u0219i glande lacrimale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi traseele posibile de transmitere ale impulsurilor nervoase \u00een vederea regl\u0103rii mi\u0219c\u0103rilor la mamifere:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. proprioceptori \u2013 ganglion spinal \u2013 corn posterior medular \u2013 paleocerebel ", "2. creasta ampular\u0103 \u2013 fibre senzitive ale unor nervi cranieni \u2013 unii nuclei senzitivi ai trunchiului cerebral \u2013 arhicerebel ", "3. girusul precentral di n lobul frontal \u2013 nuclei din puntea lui Varolio - neocerebel ", "4. coliculi cvadrigemeni \u2013 nuclei somatomotori ai trunchiului cerebral \u2013 musculatura scheletic\u0103 a capului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Enzimele digestive au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. acidul clorhidric creeaz\u0103 mediul necesar ac\u021biunii pepsinei \u0219i \u00eempiedic\u0103 dezvoltarea germenilor ", "2. lipaza gastric\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra gr\u0103similor, cu condi\u021bia ca acestea s\u0103 formeze \u00een ap\u0103 pic\u0103turi fine ", "3. glandele gastrice produc pepsin\u0103 activ\u0103 care hidrolizeaz\u0103 proteinele p\u00e2n\u0103 la molecule scurte de aminoacizi ", "4. amilaza pancreatic\u0103, spr e deosebire de cea salivar\u0103, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra amidonului crud, pe care \u00eel transform\u0103 \u00een maltoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Unele organisme autotrofe care utilizeaz\u0103 pentru sinteza substan\u021belor organice energia rezultat\u0103 din oxidarea substan\u021belor anorganice, au urm\u0103toarele caracteri stici:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. populeaz\u0103 toate mediile de via\u021b\u0103, unde au un rol important de produc\u0103tori ai acestor ecosisteme ", "2. \u00een ecosistemele \u00een care tr\u0103iesc, ele pot fi singurii produc\u0103tori de substan\u021be organice ", "3. lumina, temperatura, apa \u0219i s\u0103rurile minerale condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 activi tatea acestor organisme ", "4. contribuie la circuitul unor elemente chimice din natur\u0103, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een sc\u0103derea toxicit\u0103\u021bii mediului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la mamifere poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. consumul exagerat de sare care cre\u0219te presiunea osmotic\u0103 a lichidului intersti\u021bial ", "2. cre\u0219terea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii sangvine care determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea vitezei de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui ", "3. calibrul vaselor , a c\u0103ror suprafa\u021b\u0103 de sec\u021biune cre\u0219te spre periferie fa\u021b\u0103 de aort\u0103 ", "4. elasticitatea vaselor transform\u0103 curgerea intermitent\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui \u00een curgere continu\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri spre deosebire de mamifere:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. exist\u0103 bronhii aferente \u0219i eferente celor doi pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "2. hipotalamusul controleaz\u0103 func\u021bia de termoreglare ", "3. oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui implic\u0103 structuri de form\u0103 tubular\u0103 ", "4. \u00een zona intestinal\u0103 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 bacterii saprofite simbionte " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte despre c\u0103ile de conducere ale unor sensibilit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. axonii neuronilor chemoreceptori trec prin etmoi d \u00een drumul lor spre creier ", "2. dendritele celulelor mitrale din bulbul olfactiv formeaz\u0103 tractul olfactiv ", "3. celulele senzoriale ale crestelor ampulare sinapseaz\u0103 cu termina\u021bii dendritice ", "4. nervul optic p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te sclerotica globului ocular prin zona numit\u0103 pat\u0103 oarb\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" } ]