[ { "question": "Fibrele muscula re din structura stomacului au form\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu unele elemente din st ructura \u021besutului vegetal:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. fundamental palisadic ", "B. aerifer ", "C. mecanic ", "D. secretor nectarifer " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fosfa\u021bii sunt:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. absorbi\u021bi de plante dependent de osmoz\u0103 ", "B. folosi\u021bi de plante \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi moderate ", "C. \u00eencorpora\u021bi \u00een molecule macroergice prin hidroliza ATP ", "D. utiliza\u021bi de plante \u00een sinteza acizilor nucleici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u201dMoneda energetic\u0103 universal\u0103\u201d este:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sintetizat\u0103 de organismele chemosintetizante \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 a asimila\u021biei carbonului ", "B. transferat\u0103 \u00een celula vegetal\u0103 din cloroplaste c\u0103tre mitocondrii ", "C. utilizat\u0103 p entru \u00eentre\u021binerea for\u021bei de suc\u021biune prin vasele lemnoase ", "D. produs\u0103 prin reac\u021bii de oxidoreducere \u0219i consumat\u0103 \u00een circula\u021bia bidirec\u021bional\u0103 a sevei prin tuburile " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre caracteristicile anatomice ale sistem elor implic ate \u00een func\u021bia de nutri\u021bie corespunz\u0103toare unui grup de vertebrate :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. 4 arcuri branhiale \u2013 absen\u021ba glandelor salivare ", "B. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni alveolari \u2013 stomac c\u0103ptu\u0219it cu membran\u0103 cornoas\u0103 ", "C. stomac foarte extensibil \u2013 c\u0103i respiratorii scurte, eficiente \u00een condi\u021bionarea aeru lui ", "D. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi \u2013 inim\u0103 tricameral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Procesul de hidroliz\u0103 enzimatic\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice furnizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be anorganice necesare asimila\u021biei carbonului \u00een cazul:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. plantelor cu r\u0103d\u0103cini metamorfozate \u00een haustori ", "B. bacteriilor care formeaz\u0103 nodozit \u0103\u021bi pe r\u0103d\u0103cinile leguminoaselor ", "C. plantelor cu frunze metamorfozate \u00een capcane ", "D. microorganismelor chemosintetizante sulfuroase \u0219i nitrificatoare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen repaus fizic, dup\u0103 o ventila\u021bie pulmonar\u0103 normal\u0103, mai poate fi eliminat din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni un volum de aer egal c u:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. C.P.T. \u2013 C.V. ", "B. C.V. \u2013 V.C. ", "C. C.P.T. \u2013 (C.V. + V.I.R. + V.R.) ", "D. C.V. \u2013 (V.C. + V.I.R.) " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 s\u00e2ngele unei persoane aglutineaz\u0103 doar cu seruril e hemotest 0 (I) \u0219i A(II):", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. s\u00e2ngele persoanei con\u021bine aglutinine B pe hematii ", "B. persoana poate dona s\u00e2nge unui primito r cu anticorpi plasmatici \u03b1 ", "C. persoana poate fi donator pentru grupa cu ambele aglutinine pe hematii ", "D. s\u00e2ngele persoanei con\u021bine aglutinogene A \u0219i aglutinine \u03b2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Varicele se manifest\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. mic\u0219orarea calibrului vaselor ", "B. dilatarea inegal\u0103 a unor vene ", "C. tulbur\u0103ri senzoriale ", "D. cre\u0219terea tensiunii arteriale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pericardul :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 sensul circula\u021biei s\u00e2ngelui ", "B. con\u021bine \u021besutul excitoconductor ", "C. reduce frecarea \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bii cardiace ", "D. prezint\u0103 vasculariza\u021bie bogat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Leucocitele:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. recunosc antigenele \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra lor prin fagocitoz\u0103 ", "B. sunt cele mai mici elemente figurate ale s\u00e2ngelui ", "C. sunt elemente figurate prezente exclusiv \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "D. particip\u0103 direct la procesul de hemoliz\u0103 prin digestie extracelular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin plasarea unor f ragmente din tul pina subteran\u0103 a cartofului \u00ee ntr-o solu\u021bie concentrat\u0103, se poate pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. procesul de absorb\u021bie a apei de c\u0103tre celule ", "B. transportul activ al apei de la o celul\u0103 la alta ", "C. fenomenul fizic de osmoz\u0103 printr -o membran\u0103 permeabil\u0103 ", "D. reducerea volumului vacuolar prin deshidratarea celu lelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Difuzia gazelor respirat orii se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. prin peretele alveolo -capilar O 2 trece \u00een alveolele pulmonare ", "B. CO 2 trece din capilarele tisulare \u00een lichidul intersti\u021bial ", "C. O2 trece din alveol\u0103 \u00een capilarele venoase pulmonare ", "D. CO 2 din lichidul inter sti\u021bial pulmonar trece \u00een capilarele arteriale pulmonare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de ferme nta\u021bie rezult\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. proteine ", "B. energie ", "C. CO 2 ", "D. H2O " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre modurile de nutri\u021bie \u0219i part icularit\u0103\u021bile acestora:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. nutri\u021bie simbiont\u0103 \u2013 prezen\u021ba haustor ilor ", "B. chemosintez\u0103 \u2013 prezen\u021ba clorofilei ", "C. nutri\u021bie mixotrof\u0103 \u2013 prezen\u021ba micorizelor ", "D. nutri\u021bie saprofit\u0103 \u2013 hidroliza amidonului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Temperatura peste 450C influe n\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza astfel:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. altereaz\u0103 enzimele \u0219i structura cloroplastelor ", "B. favorizeaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia radia \u021biilor ultraviolete de c\u0103tre clorofil\u0103 ", "C. stimuleaz\u0103 hidratarea \u021besutului foliar ", "D. cre\u0219te consumul de dioxid de carbon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de digestie au loc urm\u0103toarele transform\u0103ri chimice :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. lactaza desface zah\u0103rul din lapte \u00een galactoz\u0103 \u0219i glucoz\u0103 ", "B. lipaza pancreatic \u0103 scindeaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile \u00een glicerol \u0219i maltoz\u0103 ", "C. colesterolul \u0219i lecitina asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia glucidelor ", "D. amilaza pancreatic\u0103 hidrolizeaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Unit\u0103\u021bile care alc\u0103tuiesc pl\u0103m\u00e2nii p ot fi extirpate, deoarece:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. alveolele pulmonare au pere\u021bii foarte sub\u021biri ", "B. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 unitar \u00een procesul respirator ", "C. au propriul lor set de c\u0103i aeriene, vase \u0219i nervi ", "D. bronhiile prezint\u0103 inele cartilaginoase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Factorii care determin\u0103/ favorizeaz\u0103 apari\u021bia pneumoniei pot fi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. praful, inflamarea bronhiilor, bacilul Koch ", "B. frigul, umezeala , unii streptococi ", "C. alcoolul, inflamarea laringelui, unele substan\u021be caustice ", "D. fumatul, sedentarismul, emo\u021biile puternice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Bacteriile fixatoare de azot , precum \u0219i cele nitrificatoare:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. produc substan\u021be azotate care pot fi utilizate de plante ", "B. \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc valo area nutritiv\u0103 a plantei gazd\u0103 ", "C. prin activitatea lor reduc toxicitatea unor substan\u021be ", "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be organice pornind de la carbon anorganic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire al mamiferelor au loc urm\u0103 toarele procese digestive:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. hidroliza tripeptide lor sub ac\u021biunea s\u0103rurilor biliare ", "B. descompunerea polizaharidelor \u00een prezen\u021ba maltazei intestinale ", "C. emulsionarea gr\u0103similor sub ac\u021biunea pigmen\u021bilor biliari ", "D. digestia glucidelor cu eliberare de glucoz\u0103, fructoz\u0103, galactoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pancreasul:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. con\u021b\u00edne epiteliu de tip secretor asemenea parotidelor ", "B. prezint\u0103 vasculariza\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u2013 nutritiv\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 ", "C. evacueaz\u0103 \u00een duoden produ\u0219ii insulari de secre\u021bie, prin dou\u0103 canale ", "D. secret\u0103 toate tipuri le de enzime digestive , ca \u0219i ficatul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mamiferele erbivore se deosebesc de cele c arnivore prin urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi ale tubului digestiv:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. foiosul con\u021bine bacterii simbionte celulolitice ", "B. \u00een stomac se g\u0103sesc bacterii simbionte ", "C. molarii \u0219i premolarii f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u021beaz\u0103 hrana prin strivire ", "D. colonul este populat de bacterii simbionte. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen ur ma digestiei intestinale, monozaharide pot rezulta din:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. maltoz\u0103 hidrolizat\u0103 de amilaz\u0103 ", "B. oligopeptide hidrolizate de oligopeptidaze ", "C. zaharoz\u0103 hidrolizat\u0103 de maltaz\u0103 ", "D. lactoz\u0103 hidrolizat\u0103 de o dizaharidaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Neuronul \u0219i celula glial\u0103 au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarele :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. sintetizeaz\u0103 mielin\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 prelungiri ", "C. comunic\u0103 prin intermediul sinapselor ", "D. memoreaz\u0103 informa\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Este o caracteristic\u0103 fiziologic\u0103 a neuronului:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba dendrite lor \u0219i axon ului ", "B. existen\u021ba corp ului celular delimitat de neurilem\u0103 ", "C. prezen\u021ba tecilor la nivelul axonului ", "D. conduce rea unidirec\u021bional\u0103 a influxul ui nervos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Con\u021bin c elule multinucleate:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. miocardul ", "B. faringele ", "C. bronhiola ", "D. mucoasa traheal \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Produ\u0219ii de excre\u021bie rezulta\u021bi din degradarea hemoglobinei:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. activeaz\u0103 lipaza ", "B. atac\u0103 mucoasa stomacal\u0103 ", "C. dau culoarea carac teristic\u0103 materiilor fecale ", "D. asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia gr\u0103similor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Hrana rumegat\u0103 parcurge \u00een tubul digestiv al ierbivorelor urm\u0103torul traseu pentru finalizarea digestiei gastrice:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 faringe \u2013 esofag \u2013 ierbar \u2013 ciur ", "B. ciur \u2013 esofag \u2013 faringe \u2013 cavita te bucal\u0103 ", "C. cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 faringe \u2013 esofag \u2013 foios \u2013 cheag ", "D. ierbar \u2013 ciur \u2013 foios \u2013 cheag " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mucoasa intestinului sub\u021bire are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. denivel\u0103ri numite valvule conivente ", "B. epiteliu cilindric simplu cu microvilozit\u0103\u021bi ", "C. celule intestinale izolate care produc suc intestinal ", "D. pliuri mari cu un vas limfatic central " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pentru fabricarea iaurtului:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. molecula de lactoz\u0103 este descompus\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 molecule de acid lactic ", "B. sunt introduse \u00een reactoare doar anumite specii de ciuperci microscopice ", "C. este utiliza t acela\u0219i proces fermentativ ca \u0219i la fabricarea p\u00e2inii ", "D. se consum\u0103 substan\u021be organice \u0219i se sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen organismul uman, proteinele:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 flexibilitatea oaselor ", "2. formeaz\u0103 cu ga zele respiratorii combina\u021bii la bile \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "3. plasmatice neutralizeaz\u0103 aglutinogenele, distruse ulterior d e fagocite ", "4. hidrolizate de pepsin\u0103, sunt transportate prin vena port\u0103 la ficat " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sc\u0103derea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui la nivelul capilarelor arteriale poate fi determ inat\u0103 de urm\u0103torii factori:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derea debitului cardiac ", "2. cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021bei de sec\u021biune a sistemului capilar fa\u021b\u0103 de cel arterial ", "3. un regim de via\u021b\u0103 sedentar \u0219i alimenta\u021bia bogat\u0103 \u00een lipide ", "4. cre\u0219terea presiunii osmotice a s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La sc\u0103derea densit\u0103\u021bii corpului p\u0103s\u0103rilor contribuie unele forma\u021biuni neimpl icate \u00een schimbul de gaze:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. oasele pneumatice ", "2. sacii aerieni ", "3. dilata\u021biile extrapulmonare ale bronhiilor ", "4. ramifica\u021biile intrapulmonare ale bronhiilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile de ap\u0103rare secundare se deosebesc de cele primare prin ur m\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. se formeaz\u0103 prin activitatea unor celule cu origine diferit\u0103 ", "2. pot realiza \u0219i alte func\u021bii pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cea de protec\u021bie ", "3. au la origine celule care \u0219i -au redob\u00e2ndit capacitatea de diviziune ", "4. pot con\u021bine celule vii care asigur\u0103 asimila\u021bia carbonului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii referitoare la circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la mamif ere:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. aorta transport\u0103 s\u00e2ngele pompat din atriul st\u00e2ng \u00een ventriculul st\u00e2ng prin valvula membranoas\u0103 ", "2. mu\u0219chii papilari cu cordajele tendinoase anexate asigur\u0103 circula\u021bia unidirec\u021bional\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui din ventricule \u00een artere ", "3. contrac\u021bia musculaturii s cheletice a membrelor inferioare favorizeaz\u0103 circula\u021bia ascendent\u0103 de mare presiune a s\u00e2ngelui spre inim\u0103 ", " 4. debitul cardiac, reglat nervos \u0219i hormonal, influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct propo\u021bional presiunea arterial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi \u021besuturile din tabelul de mai jos pe baz a caracteristicilor structurale \u0219i selecta\u021bi variantele \u00een care ambele \u021besuturi au aceea\u0219i func\u021bie /au aceea\u0219i particularitate func\u021bional\u0103 \u00een organism : Caracteristicile \u021besutului vegetal Caracteristicile \u021besutului animal", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. celule moarte cu pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219 a\u021bi uniform bogat vascularizat, cu trabecule \u0219i areole ", "2. celule mici cu anabolism intens \u0219i cromozomi vizibili celule stelate dispuse \u00eentr -o re\u021bea de fibre fine ", "3. celule parenchimatice cu spa\u021bii intercelulare localizate \u00een scoar\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cilindrul central celule mari cu nucleu periferic, \u00eenconjurate de substan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 ", "4. celule cilindrice vii sau m oarte provenite din meristeme primare sau secundare celule cilindrice a\u0219ezate pe un singur strat, cu nuclei la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimi diferite " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui \u00een vena cav\u0103 inferio ar\u0103 a omului este favorizat\u0103 de :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. sistola ventricular\u0103 ", "2. prezen\u021ba sfincterelor pe traseul vasului ", "3. aspirarea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een atrii ", "4. gravita\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen cursul pro cesului de fotosintez\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. \u00een faza de lumin\u0103 \u2013 clorofila elibereaz\u0103 electroni la nivelul sistemel or fotochimice ", "2. hidrogenul provenit din fotoliza apei este fixat pe transportori specifici ", "3. \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric \u2013 reducerea CO 2 are loc cu consum de energie furnizat de ATP ", "4. sinteza substan\u021belor organice presupune incorporarea independent\u0103 de CO 2 \u0219i hidrogen \u00een molecule care stocheaz\u0103 energie chimic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. se bazeaz\u0103 mai ales pe osmoz\u0103 ", "2. este imposibil\u0103 sub punctul de \u00eenghe\u021b ", "3. necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba O 2 \u00een sol ", "4. este optim\u0103 la un pH neutru al solului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sistemul circulator al reptilelor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toa rele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. prin c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 dreapt\u0103 este transportat s\u00e2nge oxigenat ", "2. s\u00e2ngele oxigenat se vars\u0103 \u00een atriul st\u00e2ng prin dou\u0103 vene pulmonare ", "3. s\u00e2ngele venos se vars\u0103 \u00een atriul drept prin trei vene cave ", "4. oxigena rea s\u00e2ngelui este asigurat\u0103 prin circula\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sistemul digestiv al vertebratelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit \u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. la ciclostomi apar maxilarele ", "2. toate speciile de amfibieni au limba foarte mobil\u0103 ", "3. p\u0103s\u0103rile au cecumuri \u00eentre stomac \u0219i intestinul sub\u021bire ", "4. pe\u0219tii care se hr\u0103nesc cu plancton nu au din\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia celular\u0103 se manifest\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. consumul de substan\u021be anorganice ", "2. reac\u021biile de hidroliz\u0103 ", " 3. eliberarea de oxigen ", "4. sinteza de ATP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul fibros:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. are rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103 datorit\u0103 colagenului ", "2. acoper \u0103 organele interne ", "3. este prezent \u00een derm\u0103 ", "4. predomin\u0103 \u00een pere\u021bii vaselor de s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este un mecanism de transport pasiv ", "2. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de suprafa\u021ba foliar\u0103 ", "3. se datoreaz\u0103 pierderii de ap\u0103 prin tran spira\u021bie ", "4. este puternic influen\u021bat\u0103 direct de fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "S\u00e2ngele apar\u021bine grupei A(II), dac\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. nu se produce aglutinare \u00een serul B ", "2. nu se produce aglutinare \u00een serul A ", "3. nu se produce nicio aglutinare \u00een cele trei seruri ", "4. se produce aglutinare \u00een serurile 0 \u0219i B " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt celule:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. alveola pulmonar\u0103 ", "2. osteop lastul ", "3. miofibrila ", "4. astroglia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La nivelul unei sinapse interneuronale:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. butonul terminal al neuronului presinaptic con\u021bine vezicule sinaptice ", "2. componenta presinaptic\u0103 con\u021bine numeroase mitocondrii \u0219i neurofibrile ", "3. componenta postsinaptic\u0103 con\u021bine receptori ai mediatorilor chimici ", "4. transmiterea impulsului nervos se realizeaz\u0103 unidirec\u021bional " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ciupercile pot participa \u00een natur\u0103 la:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. parazitarea alternativ\u0103 a mai multor gazde ", "2. igienizarea mediului natural ambiant ", "3. degradarea anaerob\u0103 \u0219i aerob\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice ", "4. producerea vitaminelor \u00een intestinul gros al mamiferelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O plant\u0103 care se etioleaz\u0103 devine incapabil\u0103 de:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. captarea energiei luminoase ", "2. absorb\u021bia sevei brute din sol ", "3. reducerea CO 2 absorbit din aer ", "4. realizarea func\u021biei de ap\u0103rare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Tuturor pe\u0219tilor le lipsesc urm\u0103toarele organe implicate \u00een digestie :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. din\u021bii ", "2. faringele ", " 3. stomacul ", "4. glandele salivare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dup\u0103 o ploaie toren\u021bial\u0103, o plant\u0103 de gr\u00e2u este hidratat\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de 100 %. Apar urm\u0103toarele manifest\u0103ri :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare ", "2. cre\u0219terea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii c itoplasmei ", "3. cre\u0219terea volumului celulelor ", "4. \u00eenchiderea stomatelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba oxigenului:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. fotosinteza ", "2. fermenta\u021bia acetic\u0103 ", "3. fermenta\u021bia lactic\u0103 ", "4. respira\u021bia aerob\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Valvulele at rioventriculare se deosebesc de cele semilunare prin:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sunt ancorate cu cordaje tendinoase ", "2. sunt bicuspid\u0103 \u0219i tricuspid\u0103 ", "3. sunt situate \u00een peretele atrio ventricular ", "4. asigur\u0103 sensul unic de circula\u021bie a s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri, spre deosebire de reptile:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. consumul energetic este mai mare din cauza homeotermiei ", "2. alveolele pulmonare se dilat\u0103 for m\u00e2nd sacii aerieni ", "3. cutia toracic\u0103 este imobil\u0103 \u00een zbor ", "4. apar cavit\u0103\u021bile nazale separate de cavitatea bucal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe principiul coeziunii moleculare:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. endocardul ", "2. pericardul ", "3. membrana respiratorie ", "4. pleura " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "For\u021bele care particip\u0103 activ la realizarea in spira\u021biei mamiferelor sunt:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. elasticitatea pl\u0103m\u00e2nului ", "2. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi ", "3. sistemul mecanic al pleurelor ", "4. diafragmul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fotosinteza plantelor superioare poate fi favorizat\u0103 de activitatea urm\u0103toarelor categorii de organisme:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. bacterii nitrificatoare ", "2. colonii de mucegai alb ", "3. bacteriile din nodozit\u0103\u021bi ", "4. ciuperci simbionte din micorize " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Carbona\u021bii:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u021besutului conjunctiv dur ", "2. intr\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bia tuturor sucurilor digestive active la nivel duodenal ", " 3. constituie for ma principal\u0103 de transport a CO 2 \u00een s\u00e2nge ", "4. sunt produ\u0219i finali \u00een experimentul de eviden\u021biere a respira\u021biei anaerobe " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Micozele:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia apei la unele familii de plante ", "2. implic\u0103 o plant\u0103 gazd\u0103 \u0219i o ciuperc\u0103 simbiont\u0103 ", "3. asigur\u0103 extragerea substan\u021belor organice din sol ", "4. pot fi transmise de la animale la om " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt o rganisme heterotrofe specializate:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. Mycoderma aceti ", "2. Bacillus thuringiensis ", "3. Laboulbenia bayeri ", "4. Hepatica nobilis " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cambiul libero -lemnos, spre deosebire de cambiul subero -felodermi c:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 lenticele care rup epiderma tulpinii ", "B. provine din meristemul primordial al embrionului ", "C. asigur\u0103 \u00eengro\u0219area secundar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u0219i tulpinii ", "D. produce celule cu pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi sub form\u0103 de inele, spirale etc. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pancreasul, spre deosebire de ficat:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este vascularizat din dou\u0103 surse ", "B. are o parte asem\u0103n\u0103toare glandelor salivare ", "C. produce hormoni care se descarc\u0103 \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire ", "D. \u00ee\u0219i elimin\u0103 secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103 la nivelul duodenului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen fermenta\u0163ia acetic\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. glucoza , \u00een prezen\u021ba O 2, este transformat\u0103 direct \u00een acid acetic ", "B. produsul final este un bun conservant cu aplica\u021bii \u00een panifica\u021bie ", "C. oxidarea substan\u021belor organice este un proces aerob ", "D. ciupercile unicelulare oxideaz\u0103 par\u021bial alcoolul etilic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Excesul de ap\u0103 din sol :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. scade v\u00e2scozitea citoplasmei ", "B. stim uleaz\u0103 circula\u021bia gazelor \u00een frunze ", "C. determin\u0103 \u00eenchiderea stomatelor ", "D. stimuleaz\u0103 procesul de fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 dintre factorii de mediu \u015fi respira\u021bie la plante :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. \u00een timpul coacerii fructele se deshidrateaz\u0103 pasiv indiferent de umidit ate ", "B. frunzele de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie respir\u0103 mai intens \u00een perioada de coacere a boabelor ", "C. \u00een concentra\u0163ie mai mare de 50 % , O 2 atmosferic devine toxic pentru plant\u0103 ", "D. la 39oC se consum\u0103 mai pu\u021bin\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 organic\u0103 deoar ece se intensific\u0103 respira\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La mam ifere s pre deosebire de p\u0103s\u0103ri exist\u0103 bronhii :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. cu rol \u00een schimbul gazos ", "B. ramificate \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "C. terminate cu saci alveolari ", "D. dilatate extrapulmonar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteriile :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. nitrificatoare oxideaz\u0103 nitra\u021bii p\u00e2n\u0103 la nitri\u021bi ", "B. metanogene reduc CO 2 la CH 4 \u00een prezen\u021ba O 2 ", "C. sulfuroas e pot s\u0103 fie produc\u0103tori \u00een ecosistem ", "D. feruginoase sunt organisme fotoautotrofe " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Astmul bron\u0219ic se manifest\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. tuse umed\u0103, senza\u0163ia de arsur\u0103 \u00een g\u00e2t ", "B. vorbire r\u0103gu\u0219it\u0103 , junghi tora cic ", "C. spasmul bronhiilor, senza\u021bie de sufocare ", "D. tuse seac\u0103, dureri la \u00eenghi\u0163ir e " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Respira\u0163ia este mai pu\u021bin intens\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. vase le liberiene, fa\u021b\u0103 vase el lemnoase ", "B. felogen, fa\u0163\u0103 de suber ", "C. meristeme le active, fa\u021b\u0103 de rizoderm\u0103 ", "D. suber , fa\u021b\u0103 de feloderm " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Anticorpul :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. fagociteaz\u0103 antigenul ", "B. neutralizeaz\u0103 antigenul ", "C. diger\u0103 antigenul ", "D. captureaz\u0103 anti genul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul osos con\u021bine:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. s\u0103ruri minerale care impregneaz\u0103 oseina ", "B. lamele osoase \u00een canalele Havers ", "C. oste ocite localizate la nivelul are olelor ", "D. vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i nervi \u00een jurul unor canale microscopice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de lumin\u0103 a fotosintezei:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. lumina transfer\u0103 u n electron clorofilei ", "B. O2 este acceptat de c\u0103tre substan\u021bele organice ", "C. se reduce dioxidul de carbon ", "D. sistemele fotochimi ce utilizeaz\u0103 ADP \u0219i H 3PO 4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Epiteliul unistratificat cu microvilozit\u0103\u021bi la polul apical celular, formeaz\u0103 mucoasa:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale ", "B. esofagi an\u0103 ", "C. intestinului sub\u021bire ", "D. faringian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui \u00een vase:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. consumul mare de sare scade presiunea osmotic\u0103 ", "B. hormonii \u0219i sistemul nervos regleaz\u0103 debitul cardiac \u00een func\u021bie de efort ", "C. viteza s\u00e2ngelui scade continuu dinspre capilare spre atri ul drept ", "D. \u00een \u00eentreg sectorul capilar curgerea s\u00e2 ngelui este intermitent\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Celulele cilindrice lipsite de citoplasm\u0103 din corpul plantelor formeaz\u0103 vase conduc\u0103toare care:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. sunt orientate spre epiderma superioar\u0103 din structura frunzei ", "B. asigur\u0103 circula\u021bia bid irec\u021bional\u0103 a sevei \u00een corpul plantei ", "C. vin \u00een contact cu celulele periciclului r\u0103d\u0103cinii secundare ", "D. asigur\u0103 circula\u021bia sevei la nivelul pl\u0103cilor ciuruite dintre celule " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen corpul tut uror pe\u0219tilor:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. aorta care transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge oxigenat este situat\u0103 dorsal ", "B. oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui are loc \u00een interiorul celor patru arcuri branhiale ", "C. eliminarea apei cu CO 2 se realizeaz\u0103 prin ridicarea operculelor ", "D. glandele salivare \u00ee\u0219i vars\u0103 produsul de secre\u021bie \u00een cavitatea buco -faringian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul vaselor sanguine conectate func\u021biona l cu jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 a inimii reptilelor este:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. 4 ", "B. 5 ", "C. 3 ", "D. 2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Consider\u00e2nd lobii pulmonari ipotetic egali, la om, \u00een cazul extirp\u0103rii unui lob se reduce volumul pulmonar cu:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. 1/3 ", "B. 1/4 ", "C. 1/5 ", "D. 1/6 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Haustorii pot asigura preluarea:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. exclusiv\u0103 a sevei cu circula\u021bie bidirec\u021biona l\u0103 din vasele liberiene ale gazdelor ", "B. sevei brute din vasele lemnoase \u0219i a sevei care se elaboreaz\u0103 \u00een pl\u0103cile ciuruite ", "C. exclusiv\u0103 a sevei cu circu la\u021bie unidirec\u021bional\u0103 din trahee le plantelor autotrofe ", "D. substan\u021belor organice care pot circula activ \u0219i bidirec \u021bional \u00een corpul gazdei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Frunze simple apar la:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Ranunculus acer ", "B. Valeriana officinalis ", "C. Brassica napus ", "D. Ginkgo biloba " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Micorizele se stabilesc \u00eentre:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. plante \u0219i bacterii ", "B. bacterii \u0219i ciuperci ", "C. plante \u0219i ciuperci ", "D. alge \u0219i ciuperci " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de saprofite le obi\u0219nuite , cele specializate \u0219i transformate genetic se pot utiliza pentru:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. alterarea alimentelor ", "B. distrugerea unor poluan\u021bi ", "C. descompunerea resturilor organice ", "D. producerea materi ei prime pentru fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mu\u0219chi circulari exist\u0103 la nivelul :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. orific iilor a trio-ventriculare ", "B. traheei \u0219i bron hiilor ", "C. sfincterului piloric ", "D. tuturor capilarelor sanguine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Arterele coronare:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. pornesc din ventriculul st\u00e2ng al inimii ", "B. se desprind din por\u021biunea ini\u021bial\u0103 a aortei ", "C. colecteaz\u0103 s\u00e2 ngele venos al inimii \u00een atriul drept ", "D. provoac\u0103 , prin ocluzie, cre\u0219terea tensiunii arteriale sistemice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul vegetal f\u0103r\u0103 echivalent func\u021bional \u00een lumea animal\u0103 este cel:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. sclerenchim atic ", "B. meristematic ", "C. liber ian ", "D. palisadic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Presiunea radicular\u0103 la nivelul unei plante lemnoase:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. se datoreaz\u0103 procesului d e transpira\u021bie de la nivelul frunzelor plantei ", "B. se poate eviden\u021bia prim\u0103vara , prin scurgerea sevei , la nivelul sec\u021biunilor tulpinilor ", "C. se bazeaz\u0103 pe aspira\u021bia osmotic\u0103 a apei prin vasele lemnoase ", "D. este independent\u0103 de procesul de respira\u021bie celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stomacul este :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. voluminos, la pe\u0219tii r\u0103pitori ", "B. redus \u0219i unicameral , la ciclostomi ", "C. alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 compartimente glandulare, la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "D. pu\u021bin \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103tor , la mamiferele pr\u0103d\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Din\u021bii , la:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. mamifere sunt suda\u021bi cu maxilarul ", "B. ciclostomi sunt corno\u0219i \u0219i situa\u021bi pe max ilare ", "C. pe\u0219tii pr\u0103d\u0103tori sunt suda\u021bi cu oasele capului ", "D. broa\u0219tele \u021bestoase au margini cornoase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La nivelul stomacului proteinele suport\u0103 reac\u021bii de :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. oxidare total\u0103 ", "B. sintez\u0103 aerob\u0103 ", "C. hidroliz\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103 ", "D. reducere anaerob\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sistem de dou\u0103 membrane separate printr -un strat de lichid exist\u0103 la nive lul:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. inimii ", "2. ficatului ", "3. pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "4. stomacului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Solzii unui mugure:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. sunt frunze \u00een formare ", "2. fac parte dintre meristeme ", "3. pot ad\u0103posti v\u00e2 rful de cre\u0219tere ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biile dintre noduri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Microbi care provoac\u0103 pneumonia pot fi:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. streptoccoc i ", "2. pneumococi ", "3. stafilococi ", "4. bacilul Koch " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Gradul de hidratare al celulelor influen\u021beaz\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. viteza de deplasare a moleculelor ", "2. intensitatea respira\u021biei ", "3. activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc \u0103toare ", "4. intensitatea fotosintezei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Inim\u0103 tricameral \u0103 \u0219i circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103 pot avea :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. pe\u0219tii ", "2. amfibienii ", "3. ciclostomii ", "4. reptilele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bila trece prin:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. pancreas ", "2. canalul coledoc ", "3. stomac ", "4. canalele biliare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lecitina \u0219i colesterolul:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. fac parte din sucul biliar ", "2. emulsioneaz\u0103 lipide le ", "3. asigur\u0103 absorb\u021bia gr\u0103similor ", "4. sunt descompuse de colagenaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prin func\u021biile de nutri\u021bie se:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. prelucreaz\u0103 substan\u021be organice ", "2. preia carbonul din mediu ", "3. transport\u0103 substan\u021be ", "4. descompun substan\u021be anorganice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Datorit\u0103 for\u021bei de suc\u021bi une, apa trece prin:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. celulele peri\u0219orilor absorban\u021bi ", "2. vasele liberiene ", "3. vasele lemnoase ", "4. celulele suberificate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Lipsite de nucleu sunt:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. leucocitele ", "2. trombocitele ", "3. microgliile ", "4. hematiile " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia apei din sol se bazeaz\u0103 pe proce se:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. chimice ", "2. biologice ", "3. fizice ", "4. osmotice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Homeotermele fa\u021b\u0103 de poikiloterme pot avea :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. schimburi gazoase la nivelul peretelui alveolo -capilar ", "2. piele sub\u021bire, umed\u0103, bogat vascularizat\u0103 ", "3. stomac simplu sau pluricameral \u0219i intestin diferen\u021biat ", "4. inim\u0103 tricamera l\u0103 \u0219i circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i complet\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Capilarele limfatice, ca \u0219i cele sanguine:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. au \u00een pere\u021bi un \u021besut lipsit de vasculariza\u021bie ", "2. prezint\u0103 ganglioni pe traseu ", "3. con\u021bin limfocite cu rol imunitar ", "4. sunt vase deschise la ambele capete " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ateroscleroza poate fi cauzat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. sedentarism ", "2. excesul de colesterol \u00een alimenta\u021bie ", "3. fumat ", "4. depunerea s\u0103rurilor de calciu \u00een pere\u021bii arterelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "L a nivel intestinal se absorb:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. monozaharide, aminoacizi, acizi gra\u0219i ", "2. substan\u021be din toxine ", "3. produ\u0219i anorganici: anioni, cationi , ap\u0103 ", "4. substan\u021be din otr\u0103vuri " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Evolu\u021bia respira\u021biei vertebratelor \u00een mediul terestru s -a realizat prin:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021bei de schimb la nivel pulmonar ", "2. specializarea \u0219i alungirea c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "3. perfec\u021bionarea ventila\u021biei pulmonar e ", "4. trecerea de la respira\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 la cea branhial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia la om se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. prezen\u021ba \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul unei expira\u021bii normale, a maximum 3000 ml aer ", "2. condi\u021bionarea aerului, la nivelul c\u0103ilor respiratorii, prin umezire, \u00eenc\u0103lz ire etc. ", "3. cre\u0219terea presiunii \u00een cavitatea abdominal\u0103 \u00een inspira\u021bie ", "4. participarea unor grupe de mu\u0219chi scheletici " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Func\u021bia secretorie a glandelor anexe digestive se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. producerea a trei tipuri de enzime hidrolitice de c\u0103tre toate glande le subdiafragmatice ", "2. eliberarea de substan\u021be bactericide: lizozim \u0219i acid clorhidric ", "3. producerea unui singur tip de enzime oxidoreduc\u0103toare de c\u0103tre glandele supradiafragmatice ", "4. eliberarea produ\u0219ilor de secre\u021bie la nivelul a dou\u0103 cavit\u0103\u021bi ale tubului digestiv " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. automatismul cardiac se datoreaz\u0103 unui \u021besut muscular special ", "2. pericardul reprezint\u0103 foi\u021ba intern\u0103 a epicardului ", "3. endocardul cuprinde un \u021besut epitelial foarte fin ", "4. contractilitatea inimii se manifest\u0103 doar sub influen\u021ba centrilor nervo\u0219i " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tulpini aeriene volubile au:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. maz\u0103rea ", "2. fasolea ", "3. iedera ", "4. volbura " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La nivelul butonului terminal neuronal exist\u0103:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. proteine neuroreceptoare ", "2. mitocondrii ", "3. celule gliale Schwann ", "4. vezicule sinaptice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile anima le:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. pot asigura protec\u021bie dac\u0103 au celulele al\u0103turate ", "2. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een urma segment\u0103rii celulei ou ", "3. pot fi avasculare la nivelul pavilionului urechii ", "4. sunt implicate \u0219i \u00een schimburile active \u0219i pasive de substan\u021be " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pot prezenta valvule :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. venele ", "2. intestinul ", "3. inima ", "4. capilarele " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u021aesut ul asimilator:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. este localizat exclusiv \u00een structura frunzei ", "2. con\u021bine pigmen\u021bi a c\u0103ror sintez \u0103 este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de lumin\u0103 ", "3. desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 doar procese de sintez\u0103 a substan\u021belor ", "4. este un \u021besut defin itiv derivat dintr -un meristem primar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteri ozele la animale sunt:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. tricofi\u021bia \u0219i salmoneloza ", "2. provocate de Bacillus thuringiensis ", "3. provocate de Orobanche minor ", "4. antraxul \u0219i leptospiroza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Vacuola digestiv\u0103 are rol \u00een:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. remanierea structural\u0103 ", "2. fagocitoz\u0103 ", "3. metamorfoz\u0103 ", "4. imunitatea celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bact erii implicate \u00een fermenta\u021biile tipice sunt :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. Streptoccocus lactis ", "2. Mycoderma aceti ", "3. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ", "4. Saccharomyces sp. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cecumul:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. este foarte voluminos la cal \u0219i iepure ", "2. con\u021bine bacterii simbionte la porumbel \u0219i g\u0103in\u0103 ", "3. se afl\u0103 la limita dintre intestinal sub\u021bire \u0219i g ros la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "4. con\u021bine bacterii metanogene la ierbivorele rumeg\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul ale c\u0103rui celule are pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi este:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. exoderma ", "2. sclerenchimul ", "3. suberul ", "4. endoderma " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia se bazeaz\u0103 pe micoriz\u0103 la urm\u0103toarele plante:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. fasole ", "2. larice ", "3. v\u00e2sc ", "4. orhidee " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u0162esuturile meristematice se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in celule mi ci, rotunjite, nespecializate ", "B. cele laterale provin din \u0163esuturi definitive ", "C. meristemele primare au un \u00eenceput de diferen\u0163iere ", "D. toate variantele de mai sus sunt corecte " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u0162esuturile vegetale definitive au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. cambiul subero \u2013 felodermic are a\u015fezare circular\u0103 ", "B. suberul este format din celule paralelipipedice, vii , cu pere\u0163ii puternic \u00eengro\u015fa\u0163i ", "C. \u0163esutul fundamental din tuberculii de cartof depoz iteaz\u0103 o substan\u0163\u0103 lipoproteic\u0103 ", "D. \u0163esutul liberian co n\u0163ine celule vii, cu citoplasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mucoasa traheal\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. con\u0163ine glande mucoase, \u00een cadrul unui epiteliu pluristratificat ", "B. are celule de \u00een\u0103l\u0163imi diferite, care nu ajung toate la supraf a\u0163\u0103 ", "C. prezint\u0103 cili la polul bazal al celulelor epiteliale ", "D. este constituit \u0103 din \u0163esut cartilaginos hialin " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fibra muscular\u0103 neted\u0103, spre deosebire de cea cardiac\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. are aspect fusiform, lipsit de stria\u0163ii ", "B. con\u0163ine miofibrile contractile ", "C. este situat\u0103 \u00een pere\u0163ii unor viscere ", "D. prezint\u0103 un singur nucl eu, central " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Neuronul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele, cu EXCEP\u0162IA :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. corpul celular formeaz\u0103 substan\u0163a cenu\u015fie a sistemului nervos ", "B. \u00eentre dou\u0103 noduri Ranvier succesive se g\u0103sesc dou\u0103 celule Schwann ", "C. elibereaz\u0103 mediatori chimici \u00een fanta sinaptic\u0103 ", "D. con\u0163ine mitocondrii \u00een butonii terminali " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere structural, la nivelul mucoasei intestinului sub\u021bire:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. denivel\u0103rile numite valvule conivente sunt la cifra 3 ", "B. capilarul sangvin central este notat cu 1 ", "C. celulele au la polul apical microvilozit\u0103\u0163i le de la cifra 9 ", "D. pliuri mari cu un vas limfatic central sunt notate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere func\u0163ional, la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 proteaze secretate de o singur\u0103 gland\u0103 anex\u0103 ", "B. componenta notat\u0103 cu nr 3 are \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime de 0,5 \u2013 1mm ", "C. \u00een re\u0163eaua nr 4 se absorb \u015fi vitaminele produse de bacteriile simbionte ", "D. absorb\u0163ia glucozei \u015fi aminoacizilor se face \u00een " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ventila\u0163ia pulmonar\u0103 la mamifere NU presupune:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. dou\u0103 mi\u015fc\u0103ri respiratorii \u2013 inspira\u0163ia \u015fi expira\u0163ia ", "B. sc\u0103derea volumului cutiei toracice prin relaxarea mu\u015fchilor inspiratori ", "C. destinderea activ\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u00een inspira\u0163ie ", "D. cre\u015fterea presiunii intrapulmonare peste cea atmosferic\u0103 \u00een expira\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Procesele fermentative au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. genereaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna produ\u015fi intermediari \u015fi CO 2 ", "B. cantitatea de energie degajat\u0103 este mare ", "C. fermenta\u0163 ia acetic\u0103 este realizat\u0103 de un saprofit specializat ", "D. toate au loc \u00een absen\u0163a oxigenului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mic\u015forarea bol\u0163ii diafragmatice poate fi \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. vehicularea prin c\u0103ile respiratorii a VR \u015fi VC ", "B. m\u0103rirea distan\u0163ei dintre cele dou\u0103 pleure ", "C. relaxarea fibrelor musculare netede ale bronhiolelor ", "D. distensia pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor datorit\u0103 \u0163esutului conjunc tiv fibros " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Intensitatea respira\u0163iei plantelor cre\u015fte \u00een urm\u0103toarele situa\u0163ii:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. \u00een faza de coacere a fructelor, comparativ cu perioada cre\u015fterii lor ", "B. \u00een \u0163esuturile definitive , comparativ cu meristemele active ", "C. la o concentra\u0163ie de 30% O 2 \u00een atmosfer\u0103, fa\u0163\u0103 de 21% O 2 \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", "D. la o temperatur\u0103 de 150 C, comparativ cu temperatura de 350 C " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Respira\u0163ia la reptile se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi, cu o pliere mai redus\u0103 dec\u00e2t la amfibieni ", "B. bronhii \u00eenconjurate de capilare, unde are loc schimbul de gaze ", "C. schimb gazos la nivel pulmonar \u015fi tegumentar ", "D. toate variantele de mai sus sunt false " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Absorb\u0163ia apei de c\u0103tre plante:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. se face prin membrana semipermeabil\u0103 a exodermei ", "B. se bazeaz\u0103 pe un fenomen chimic numit osmoz\u0103 ", "C. implic\u0103 un schimb reciproc de ap\u0103 \u00eentre rizoderm\u0103 \u015fi xilem ", "D. necesit\u0103 prezen\u0163a oxigenului \u00een sol " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Circula\u0163ia sevei brute prin tulpin\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. este mai lent\u0103 dec\u00e2t a sevei elaborate ", "B. se opre\u0219te la temperaturi ale solului sub 0oC ", "C. asigur\u0103 transportul sevei brute \u00eenspre r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", "D. se face prin traheele de la gimnosperme " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Valvulele semilunare din inima mamiferelor:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. nu permit \u00eentoarcerea s\u00e2 ngelui \u00een atrii ", "B. au aspect musculos \u201eca trei cuiburi de r\u00eendunic\u0103\u201d ", "C. sunt ancorate de peretele ventriculelor ", "D. se deschid \u00een timpul contrac\u0163iei ventriculelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen circula\u0163ia dubl\u0103 \u015fi incomplet\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. prin aorta dorsal\u0103 circul\u0103 s\u00e2nge oxigenat ", "B. s\u00e2ngele se amestec\u0103 total \u00een ventricul ", "C. atriul st\u00e2ng con\u0163ine s\u00e2nge oxigenat ", "D. aorta porne\u015fte din ventriculul st\u00e2ng " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul mediului i ntern la mamifere:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. limfa are circula\u0163ia cea mai lent\u0103 ", "B. limfocitele sunt uni - sau plurinucleate ", "C. trombocitele sunt cele mai mici celule ", "D. hematiile mature nu con\u0163in ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen alc\u0103tuirea peretelui inimii:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. endocardul vine \u00een contact cu o pelicul\u0103 fin\u0103 de lichid ", "B. epicardul este foi\u0163a extern\u0103 a pericardului ", "C. \u0163esutul excitoconduc\u0103tor determin\u0103 automatismul cardiac ", "D. miocardul atriilor are pe fa\u0163a intern\u0103 mu\u015fchii papilari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Circula\u0163ia \u00een sectorul capilar:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. permite schimbul direct de substan\u0163e \u00eentre s\u00e2nge \u015fi celule ", "B. este influen\u0163at\u0103 de calibrul arterelor mici ", "C. scad e \u00een cazul vasodilata\u0163iei periferice ", "D. este stimulat\u0103 de contrac\u0163ia sfincterele precapilare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. este cauzat\u0103 de ortosta\u0163ionarismul prelungit ", "B. conduce la edeme cronice masive ale gambelor ", "C. se poate manifesta prin dureri puternice de cap ", "D. se manifest\u0103 prin irigare insuficient\u0103 a miocardului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Amendamentele din sol:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. corecteaz\u0103 pH -ul solului ", "B. sunt substan\u0163e toxice ", "C. provoac\u0103 pierderi de recolt\u0103 ", "D. m\u0103resc cantitatea de O2 din sol " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Afirma\u0163ia ERONAT\u0102 despr e valvula bicuspid\u0103 este :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. este ancorat\u0103 prin cordaje tendinoase ", "B. se afl\u0103 la nivelul orificiului atrioventricular st\u00e2ng ", "C. este deschis\u0103 \u00een timpul contrac\u0163iei atriale ", "D. permite ie\u015firea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat din ventricul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0163i deosebirile dintre structura primar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u015fi tulpinii:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. prezen\u0163a periciclului la limita cilindrului central ", "2. diferen\u0163ierea exodermei la nivelul scoar\u0163ei ", "3. dispozi\u0163ia floemului fa\u0163\u0103 de xilem ", "4. prez en\u0163a epidermei unistratificate " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Suberul lipse\u015fte la :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. trunchiul stejarului ", "2. tuberculul de cartof ", "3. ramura de tei de 3 ani ", "4. tulpinile gramineelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La mamifere:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. epiglota con\u0163ine numeroase vase de s\u00e2nge ", "2. epiteliul alveolar are celule cubice ", "3. bronhiolele au pu\u0163in \u0163esut muscular neted ", "4. laringele are \u0163esut muscular striat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la func\u0163iile \u0163esuturilor conjunctive moi NU sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u0163iile:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. \u0163esutul conjunctiv lax asigur\u0103 rezisten\u0163a unor organe ", "2. \u0163esutul adipos ar e celule mari, cu nucleu periferic ", "3. \u0163esutul reticulat hr\u0103ne\u015fte \u015fi \u00eenso\u0163e\u015fte alte \u0163esuturi ", "4. \u0163esutul fibros con\u0163ine multe fibre de colagen " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul unei articula\u0163ii, pot fi prezente urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u0163esuturi:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. cartilaginos hialin ", "2. osos spongios ", "3. cartilaginos fibros ", "4. osos compact " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cloroplast:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. la 6 - apa transfer\u0103 un electron clorofilei ", "2. O2 eliberat de 4 este acceptat de substan\u021be organice ", "3. \u00een 2 se reduce dioxidul de carbon ", "4. sistemele fotochimice descompun ADP " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen vasculariza\u021bia ficatului:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. la 2 este artera hepatic\u0103, deoarece provine dintr -o arter\u0103 ", "2. prin 5 circul\u0103 s\u00e2nge arterial \u0219i venos, deoarece s\u00e2ngele se amestec\u0103 la nivelul lobulilor hepatici ", "3. la 7 este vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103, deoarece \u00een ea se vars\u0103 s\u00e2ngele din vena port\u0103 ", "4. prin 4 trece s\u00e2nge din circula\u021bia func\u021bional\u0103, colectat de la intestine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri , \u00een timpul zbor ului:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. mi\u015fc\u0103rile respiratorii modific\u0103 volum ul cavit\u0103\u0163ii toracice ", "2. aerul trece de dou\u0103 ori prin pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "3. cele 9 perechi de saci aerieni scad densitatea corpului ", "4. ventila\u0163ia se datoreaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163ii musculaturii aripilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Importan\u0163a fermenta\u0163iilor const\u0103 \u00een ob\u0163inerea de:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. b\u0103uturi alcoolice - cu ajutorul drojdiilor pluricelulare ", "2. biogaz - un amestec de CH 4 \u015fi CO ", "3. o\u0163et - un amestec de acid acetic \u015fi acid lactic ", "4. CH 4 - prin fermentarea resturilor organice de pe fundul b\u0103l\u0163ilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0163ii sunt adev\u0103rat e:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. r\u0103d\u0103cinile unei plante pot produce alcool etilic \u00een cazul inunda\u0163iilor ", "2. laptele dulce se altereaz\u0103 mai repede dec\u00e2t iaurtul ", "3. mustul de struguri trebuie s\u0103 fermenteze \u00een vase acoperite ", "4. H2O este un produs de reac\u0163 ie comun tuturor fermenta\u0163iilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La depozitarea fructelor, se recomand\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. men\u0163inerea unei temperaturi de 1 \u2013 2 0C ", "2. cre\u015fterea concentra\u0163i ei de CO 2 peste 0,03% ", "3. \u00eenl\u0103turarea exemplarelor traumatizate ", "4. sc\u0103derea concentra\u0163i ei de O 2 sub 21% " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sinapsele se pot realiza \u00eentre:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. o dendrit\u0103 \u015fi o celul\u0103 epitelial\u0103 senzorial\u0103 ", "2. butonii terminali \u015fi o celul\u0103 muscular\u0103 striat\u0103 ", "3. membrana presinaptic\u0103 axonal\u0103 \u015fi dendrita postsinaptic\u0103 ", "4. termina\u0163ia cu mediatori \u015fi un oligodendrocit " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Temperaturile u\u015for pozitive ale solului influen\u0163eaz\u0103 absorb\u0163ia apei deoarece conduc la :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u0163ii de aer din sol ", "2. cre\u015fterea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u0163ii citoplasmei ", "3. m\u0103rirea pH -ul solului ", "4. \u00eencetinirea form\u0103rii peri\u015forilor absorban\u0163i " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Transpira\u0163ia foliar\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. cre\u015fte presiunea osmotic\u0103 a celulelor frunzelor ", "2. este influen\u0163at\u0103 de gradul de deschidere a stomatelor ", "3. determin\u0103 aspira\u0163ia apei \u00een vasele lemnoase ", "4. genereaz\u0103 for\u0163a numit\u0103 presiune radicular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt adapt\u0103ri structurale ale r\u0103d\u0103cinii pentru absorb\u0163ia sau conducerea apei:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. \u0163esutul fundamental din scoar\u0163\u0103 ", "2. rizoderma cu peretele extern \u00eengro\u015fat ", "3. metaxilemul din cilindrul central ", "4. exoderma de la suprafa\u0163a r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "For\u0163a care determin\u0103 ascensiunea activ\u0103 a apei \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se mai nume\u015fte \u015fi for\u0163\u0103 de suc\u0163iune ", "2. este \u00eentre\u0163inut\u0103 de respira\u0163ia aerob\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "3. depinde de suprafa\u0163a total\u0103 a frunzelor ", "4. asigur\u0103 absorb\u0163ia apei prim\u0103vara devreme " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Inima mamiferelor are orificii pentru :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. cinci vase din circula\u0163ia mic\u0103 ", "2. dou\u0103 vene cave ", "3. patru vene din circula\u0163ia mic\u0103 ", "4. dou\u0103 artere coronare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tipul de s\u00e2nge care circul\u0103 prin vasele sanguine este:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. oxigenat - \u00een venele pulmonare, la tetrapode ", "2. cu CO 2 \u2013 \u00een arterele cutanee, la broasca de lac ", "3. oxigenat - \u00een c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103, la pinguin ", "4. cu CO 2 \u2013 \u00een aorta dorsal\u0103, la crap " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Circula\u0163ia la nivelul floemului:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. se face dinspre r\u0103d\u0103cinile tuberizate c\u0103tre muguri ", "2. necesit\u0103 hidroliza moleculelor de ATP ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 o leg\u0103tur\u0103 func\u0163ional\u0103 \u00eentre organele plantei ", "4. transport\u0103 substan\u0163ele organice provenite din sol " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Inima vertebratelor:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine dou\u0103 tipuri de s\u00e2nge , la porumbel ", "2. are dou\u0103 atrii la toate vertebratele pulmonate ", "3. comunic\u0103 cu sinus venos , la pe\u015fti ", "4. pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2nge \u00een trei artere , la \u015fop\u00e2rl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 a factorilor care influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i mod presiunea sangvin\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. vasodilata\u021bie \u0219i elasticitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 la nivelul vaselor ", "B. debit cardiac crescut \u0219i v\u00e2scozitate ridicat\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui ", "C. vasoconstric\u021bie \u0219i volemie crescut\u0103 la nivel vas cular ", "D. ateroscleroz\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103derea volumului lichidului i ntersti\u021bial " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o sec\u021biune prin cap\u0103tul unui os lung se pot eviden\u021bia de la exterior spre interior, \u021besuturi cu urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. cartilaginos translucid, osos trabecular, conjun ctiv bogat \u00een fibre de colagen ", "B. cartilaginos fibros, conjunctiv osos compact, co njunctiv osos spongios ", "C. conjunctiv bogat \u00een fibre elastice, conjunctiv c u areole, conjunctiv cu lamele concentrice ", "D. conjunctiv cu elasticitate redus\u0103, osos trabecul ar, conjunctiv cu fibre \u00een re\u021bea " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi din variantele de mai jos asocierea co rect\u0103 a particularit\u0103\u021bilor anatomo-func\u021bionale care caracterizeaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i grup\u0103 de vertebrate:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. din\u021bi suda\u021bi cu oasele capului, intestin diferen \u021biat, atriul drept conectat cu 2 vene, pl\u0103m\u00e2ni alve olari ", "B. stomac bicompartimentat, circula\u021bie complet\u0103, at riul st\u00e2ng conectat cu 4 vene, pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi ", "C. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi, glande salivare, circula\u021bie i ncomplet\u0103, inima conectat\u0103 cu 3 vene \u0219i o arter\u0103 cu s\u00e2nge exclusiv venos ", "D. c\u0103i aeriene lungi, pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi, intestin d iferen\u021biat terminat cu anus, circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103, " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Caracteristicile comune ale celor mai evoluate p oikiloterme cu primele homeoterme sunt:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. stomacul dispus dorsal \u00een raport cu pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", "B. inima pozi\u021bionat\u0103 dorsal fa\u021b\u0103 de tubul digestiv ", "C. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii dispu\u0219i ventral fa\u021b\u0103 de stomac \u0219i dors al fa\u021b\u0103 de inim\u0103 ", "D. inima localizat\u0103 ventral \u00een raport cu organele r espiratorii toracice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Celulele vii, diferen\u021biate din meristeme lateral e, integrate \u00een scoar\u021ba tulpinii \u0219i care pot avea mai multe func\u021bii, apar\u021bin \u021besuturilor:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. specializate \u2013 cambiu subero-felodermic ", "B. diferen\u021biate \u2013 feloderm ", "C. vase conduc\u0103toare \u2013 generate de cambiu spre inte rior ", "D. formatoare \u2013 felogenul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Vasculariza\u021bia nutritiv\u0103 a ficatului la mamifere este asigurat\u0103 de o ramur\u0103 apar\u021bin\u00e2nd:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. aortei abdominale supradiafragmatice ", "B. venei porte care transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge doar din intes tin \u0219i splin\u0103 ", "C. aortei, din care se desprinde \u0219i artera de iriga \u021bie a pancreasului ", "D. circula\u021biei sistemice, care se vars\u0103 \u00een cele dou \u0103 vene cave inferioare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La nivelul compartimentelor cardiace, grosimea m iocardului mamiferelor este diferit\u0103:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. mai mare \u00een pere\u021bii cavit\u0103\u021bii de origine a venel or cave ", "B. cea mai mare \u00een pere\u021bii compartimentului spre ca re se deschide valvula tricuspid\u0103 ", "C. mai sub\u021bire \u00een pere\u021bii cavit\u0103\u021bii de origine a ao rtelor comparativ cu cea de origine a arterei pulmonare ", "D. mai sub\u021bire \u00een compartimentul de termina\u021bie a ci rcula\u021biei mici comparativ cu cel de origine a " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Monogliceridele pot fi produ\u0219i ai digestiei elib era\u021bi sub ac\u021biunea succesiv\u0103 a urm\u0103toarelor lipaze:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. gastrice, biliare, pancreatice ", "B. gastrice, intestinale, pancreatice ", "C. biliare, pancreatice, intestinale ", "D. gastrice, pancreatice, intestinale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Durerile de cap constituie manifest\u0103ri comune al e urm\u0103toarelor boli:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. pneumonia, apendicita, ateroscleroza ", "B. hipertensiunea arterial\u0103, gastrita, bron\u0219ita ", "C. astmul bron\u0219ic, hepatita, infarctul miocardic ", "D. accident vascular, tuberculoza, ulcer gastro-duo denal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile vegetale definitive care \u00ee\u0219i redob\u00e2n desc capacitatea de diviziune:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. sunt situate deasupra nodurilor la graminee ", "B. produc celule care dau rezisten\u021b\u0103 nervurilor ", "C. produc celule care pot intra \u00een contact cu mediu l extern ", "D. asigur\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een grosime a r\u0103d\u0103cinii, tulpin ii \u0219i frunzei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Teaca Schwann:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. este format\u0103 din celule gliale ", "B. este acoperit\u0103 de teaca de mielin\u0103 ", "C. \u00eenvele\u0219te \u00een \u00eentregime axonul ", "D. formeaz\u0103 substan\u021ba cenu\u0219ie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cloroplastul:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. este un organ vegetal specializat pentru fotosin tez\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine pigmen\u021bi asimilatori pe membrana extern\u0103 ", "C. con\u021bine clorofil\u0103 a \u0219i b asociat\u0103 cu proteine ", "D. este sediul respira\u021biei aerobe la eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sc\u0103derea fotosintezei \u00een frunzele unei plante d e castravete poate avea urm\u0103toarea cauz\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare din cauza def icitului de ap\u0103 ", "B. toxicitatea CO 2 aflat \u00een concentra\u021bie de 1,5% \u00een aer ", "C. leziunile celulare produse de lumina cu intensit ate de 150.000 de luc\u0219i ", "D. alterarea enzimelor cauzat\u0103 de temperatura de 370C " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cea mai cunoscut\u0103 plant\u0103 parazit\u0103 din flora Rom \u00e2niei:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. are haustori care p\u0103trund \u00een vasele liberiene al e gazdei ", "B. paraziteaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u0219i tulpinile tuturor plan telor lemnoase ", "C. extrage ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale din ramurile unor arbori ", "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be organice pornind de la ca rbon anorganic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "C\u00e2te glande anexe digestive au \u00een total 3 copii ?", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. 6 ", "B. 15 ", "C. 12 ", "D. 24 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Stomacul glandular:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. la rumeg\u0103toare este al patrulea compartiment ", "B. la p\u0103s\u0103ri se mai nume\u0219te \u0219i pipot\u0103 ", "C. la ciclostomi secret\u0103 sucul gastric ", "D. la amfibieni \u0219i reptile se continu\u0103 cu cloaca " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul inspira\u021biei:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. diafragmul deplaseaz\u0103 baza cavit\u0103\u021bii abdominale ", "B. lichidul pleural contribuie la sc\u0103derea consumul ui de energie ", "C. mu\u0219chii intercostali externi coboar\u0103 grilajul co stal ", "D. presiunea aerului din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni cre\u0219te peste cea a tmosferic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Un l\u0103star decorticat inelar va forma un calus d easupra sec\u021biunii, datorit\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. depozit\u0103rii surplusului de hran\u0103 ", "B. form\u0103rii de frunze noi ", "C. stimul\u0103rii diviziunilor celulare ", "D. absorb\u021biei sevei elaborate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Arterele coronare:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. produc necroze cardiace \u00een caz de ocluzie ", "B. se desprind din arcul aortic ", "C. colecteaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele venos din miocard ", "D. produc varice \u00een insuficien\u021b\u0103 circulatorie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia la nivelul capilarelor arteriale din structura mu\u0219chilor scheletici:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de deschiderea valvulelor arter iale ", "B. este intermitent\u0103 datorit\u0103 alternan\u021bei sistol\u0103-d iastol\u0103 ", "C. poate fi intensificat\u0103 prin vasoconstric\u021bia arte relor mici ", "D. poate fi limitat\u0103 prin \u00eenchiderea sfincterelor p recapilare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Felodermul are una dintre urm\u0103toarele caracteri stici:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 spre exteriorul meristemului secunda r din care deriv\u0103 ", "B. confer\u0103 plantei protec\u021bie mecanic\u0103 \u0219i izolare te rmic\u0103 ", "C. con\u021bine celule vii, cu spa\u021bii intercelulare ", "D. prezint\u0103 cloroplaste la toate tipurile de tulpi ni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Meristemele primare intercalare:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. se g\u0103sesc deasupra nodurilor tulpinii la gramine e ", "B. sunt caracteristice pentru embrionii plantelor ", "C. nu prezint\u0103 capacitate de diviziune ", "D. sunt a\u0219ezate \u00een v\u00e2rful de cre\u0219tere al r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cambiul libero-lemnos:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. este un meristem primordial ", "B. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 diferit prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna ", "C. prezint\u0103 celule cu pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi uniform ", "D. produce \u0219i elimin\u0103 diferite substan\u021be " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul cartilaginos hialin:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. este bogat \u00een fibre elastice \u0219i vase de s\u00e2nge ", "B. este prezent \u00een discurile dintre vertebre ", "C. produce elementele figurate ale s\u00e2ngelui ", "D. acoper\u0103 suprafe\u021bele articulare ale oaselor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fibrele musculare fusiforme sunt prezente \u00een:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. pere\u021bii organelor interne ", "B. mu\u0219chii scheletici ", "C. mu\u0219chiul inimii ", "D. mu\u0219chiul limbii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Proteinele neuroreceptoare de la nivelul sinaps ei apar\u021bin:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. butonului terminal al neuronului ", "B. membranei presinaptice ", "C. veziculelor sinaptice ", "D. membranei postsinaptice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Referitor la structura cloroplastului este adev \u0103rat\u0103 una dintre caracteristici:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. membrana extern\u0103 prezint\u0103 pigmen\u021bi asimilatori ", "B. granele au raporturi str\u00e2nse cu tilacoizii ", "C. sub membrana extern\u0103 se g\u0103se\u0219te stroma ", "D. tilacoizii sunt structuri care deriv\u0103 din grana " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fotosinteza este influen\u021bat\u0103 de factorii din me diu astfel:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. culoarea luminii influen\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza deoare ce clorofila absoarbe cel mai bine lumina albastr\u0103 ", "B. excesul de ap\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 circula\u021bia gazelor \u00een f runze \u0219i determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea intensit\u0103\u021bii fotosinte zei ", "C. cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei CO 2 pu\u021bin peste 0,03% determin\u0103 sporirea procesului de fotosintez\u0103 ", "D. ionii azota\u021bi ajut\u0103 la sinteza acizilor nucleici , iar ionii fosfa\u021bi contribuie la sinteza proteinel or " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Lumina influen\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza astfel:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. la o valoare de peste 100 000 luc\u0219i fotosinteza cre\u0219te constant ", "B. la lumin\u0103 foarte slab\u0103 plantele nu realizeaz\u0103 fo tosintez\u0103 ", "C. \u00eentre 50 000 \u0219i 100 000 luc\u0219i fotosinteza r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant\u0103 ", "D. plantele adaptate la lumin\u0103 au cloroplaste mari \u0219i mult\u0103 clorofil\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Bacteriile sulfuroase \u0219i cele nitrificatoare au urm\u0103toarele elemente comune:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00een ecosisteme acvatice ", "B. elimin\u0103 \u00een mediu substan\u021be toxice precum hidroge nul sulfurat ", "C. produc energie prin reducerea substratului ", "D. oxideaz\u0103 substratul organic pentru eliberarea en ergiei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre arter ele pulmonare ale mamiferelor:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een bicarbona\u021bi provenit d in circula\u021bia mare ", "2. originea acestora este plasat\u0103 la st\u00e2nga arcului aortic ", "3. con\u021bin s\u00e2nge care va fi oxigenat la nivelul memb ranei respiratorii ", "4. ambele prezint\u0103 la origine valvule sigmoide cu a spect membranos " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele enzime digestive elibereaz\u0103 prin re ac\u021bii hidrolitice produ\u0219i absorbabili:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. peptidazele pancreatice \u0219i zaharaza ", "2. gelatinaza gastric\u0103 \u0219i colagenaza intestinal\u0103 ", "3. lipaza intestinal\u0103 \u0219i amilaza pancreatic\u0103 ", "4. lactaza intestinal\u0103 \u0219i oligopeptidazele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Temperatura sc\u0103zut\u0103 poate reduce absorb\u021bia apei din cauza:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sc\u0103derii num\u0103rului de peri\u0219ori absorban\u021bi ", "2. cre\u0219terii v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii citoplasmei ", "3. reducerii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii celulare ", "4. diminu\u0103rii ritmului diviziunilor celulare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii despre limf\u0103 :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. preia substan\u021be din lichidul intersti\u021bial ", "2. circul\u0103 lent de la originea tisular\u0103 spre inim\u0103 ", "3. se vars\u0103 \u00een sistemul venos al circula\u021biei mari ", "4. con\u021bine numeroase celule care produc anticorpi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Intensitatea fotosintezei este mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een u rm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. concentra\u021bie de 0,01% a CO 2 \u00een aerul atmosferic ", "2. temperatura atmosferic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u0219i temperatur\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een sol ", "3. intensitatea luminii mai mare de 100 000 luc\u0219i ", "4. caren\u021ba de s\u0103ruri minerale de la nivelul solului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele procese fiziologice implic\u0103 at\u00e2t me canisme active c\u00e2t \u0219i pasive:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 ", "2. circula\u021bia sevei brute \u00een corpul plantelor ", "3. transportul substan\u021belor la nivelul epiteliilor ", "4. absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor minerale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Prin urm\u0103toarele vase apar\u021bin\u00e2nd circula\u021biei si stemice circul\u0103 s\u00e2nge care con\u021bine O 2:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. cele dou\u0103 artere aorte ale reptilelor ", "2. cele dou\u0103 vene pulmonare ale p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", "3. vene cave ale amfibienilor ", "4. aorta ventral\u0103 a pe\u0219tilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "For\u021ba de suc\u021biune necesar\u0103 circula\u021biei molecul elor de ap\u0103 \u00een fotosintez\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. mai mare \u00een lemnul primar dec\u00e2t \u00een metaxilemul r \u0103d\u0103cinii ", "2. mai mic\u0103 \u00een \u021besutul palisadic fa\u021b\u0103 de lemn ", "3. mai mic\u0103 \u00een lemn dec\u00e2t \u00een \u021besutul lacunar ", "4. mai mare \u00een lemn fa\u021b\u0103 de parenchimul cortical al tulpinii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Au celule cu pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. endoderma ", "2. rizoderma ", "3. exoderma ", "4. felodermul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Tipurile fundamentale de nutri\u021bie sunt:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. heterotrof\u0103 ", "2. mixotrof\u0103 ", "3. autotrof\u0103 ", "4. simbiont\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fotosinteza \u0219i respira\u021bia aerob\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. au produ\u0219i finali ce pot fi utiliza\u021bi ca surs\u0103 d e energie chimic\u0103 ", "2. pot fi puse \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 pe baza substan\u021belor org anice din \u021besuturi ", "3. se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 pe baza acelora\u0219i gaze pe care le elibereaz\u0103 ", "4. depoziteaz\u0103 temporar energie celular\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur i fosfat macroergice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Celuloza:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. este un polizaharid ", "2. poate fi descompus\u0103 de bacterii ", "3. acoper\u0103 granulele de amidon ", "4. poate fi degradat\u0103 termic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Bacteriile simbionte pot realiza urm\u0103toarele pr ocese:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. diger\u0103 celuloz\u0103 ", "2. sintetizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be organice ", "3. produc vitamine ", "4. reduc dioxidul de carbon " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate afirma\u021biile referitoare la respi ra\u021bia aerob\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. o tulpin\u0103 cu leziuni respir\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t un a s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 ", "2. caren\u021bele minerale din \u021besuturi duc la sc\u0103derea fotosintezei ", "3. la t 0 peste 35 0 C se consum\u0103 mas\u0103 organic\u0103 \u00een exces ", "4. sporii respir\u0103 mai intens dec\u00e2t petalele florilo r " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "C\u0103ile respiratorii cu structur\u0103 cartilaginoas\u0103, implicate \u00een circula\u021bia aerului sunt:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. peretele traheal ", "2. cartilajele costale ", "3. peretele bronhiilor ", "4. epiglota " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fenomenul esen\u021bial al respira\u021biei la mamifere e ste reprezentat de:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 reprezentat\u0103 de inspira\u021bia activ\u0103 \u0219i expira\u021bia pasiv\u0103 ", "2. transportul gazelor respiratorii prin plasma s\u00e2 ngelui \u0219i eritrocite ", "3. schimbul de gaze de la nivelul membranei alveolo -capilare ", "4. totalitatea reac\u021biilor de oxido-reducere de la n ivelul mitocondriilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Caracteristicile anatomo-func\u021bionale comune ale respira\u021biei homeotermelor sunt:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. existen\u021ba alveolelor pulmonare \u00eenconjurate de o re\u021bea bogat\u0103 de capilare ", "2. existen\u021ba cavit\u0103\u021bilor nazale separate de cavitat ea bucal\u0103 \u0219i faringian\u0103 ", "3. mi\u0219c\u0103rile respiratorii care men\u021bin aer proasp\u0103t \u00een alveolele pulmonare ", "4. schimbul eficient de gaze care permite producer ea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de energie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sacii aerieni ai p\u0103s\u0103rilor:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. au un volum mai mare dec\u00e2t al pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "2. particip\u0103 activ la ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 \u00een timpu l zborului ", "3. contribuie la sc\u0103derea densit\u0103\u021bii oaselor ", "4. se formeaz\u0103 prin dilatarea intrapulmonar\u0103 a bron hiilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen evolu\u021bia sistemului respirator al tetrapodel or apar elemente de superioritate reprezentate prin:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. alungirea c\u0103ilor respiratorii care condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 aerul ", "2. apari\u021bia inimii tetracamerale situat\u0103 \u00eentre cei doi pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "3. aderarea pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor la pere\u021bii cavit\u0103\u021bii toracic e ", "4. prezen\u021ba sistemului circulator limfatic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia s\u0103rurilor minerale se face prin:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. osmoz\u0103 ", "2. difuziune ", "3. for\u021b\u0103 de suc\u021biune ", "4. pompe de ioni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt procese de transport activ:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. presiunea radicular\u0103 ", "2. circula\u021bia sevei elaborate ", "3. transportul prin pompe de ioni ", "4. for\u021ba de suc\u021biune " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele specii sunt plante superioare prev\u0103 zute cu haustori \u0219i lipsite de clorofil\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. Lathraea squamaria ", "2. Mycoderma aceti ", "3. Orobanche minor ", "4. Laboulbenia bayeri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Organismele care utilizeaz\u0103 ca surs\u0103 de carbon substan\u021be organice:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. concureaz\u0103 \u00eentre ele pe cale chimic\u0103 pentru resu rsele de hran\u0103 ", "2. elimin\u0103 substan\u021be care produc leziuni organismel or gazd\u0103 ", "3. unele produc alterarea alimentelor \u0219i a nutre\u021bu rilor ", "4. unele produc boli - zoonoze, micoze sau bacterio ze " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Din\u021bii mamiferelor pot avea urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. m\u0103run\u021birea hranei \u2013 premolarii \u0219i molarii cu zim \u021bi la ierbivore ", "2. sf\u00e2\u0219iere \u2013 caninii ierbivorelor nerumeg\u0103toare ", "3. t\u0103iere prin forfecare \u2013 incisivii omnivorelor ", "4. re\u021binerea pr\u0103zii \u2013 molarii rotunji\u021bi ai animalel or pr\u0103d\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Drojdiile:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. prefer\u0103 s\u0103 respire anaerob ", "2. respir\u0103 exclusiv \u00een lipsa oxigenului ", "3. oxideaz\u0103 alcoolul etilic ", "4. produc CO 2 \u00een condi\u021bii aerobe \u0219i anaerobe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Influen\u021ba programului genetic asupra intensit\u0103\u021b ii respira\u021biei plantelor se manifest\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. fructele \u0219i semin\u021bele se deshidrateaz\u0103 activ \u00een timpul coacerii ", "2. mugurii respir\u0103 lent \u00een perioada repausului de i arn\u0103 ", "3. frunzele de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie respir\u0103 mai intens \u00een ti mpul cre\u0219terii boabelor ", "4. tulpinile subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene respir\u0103 intens \u00een timpul iernii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul unei inspira\u021bii normale, volumul d e aer existent \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni este reprezentat de:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. suma volumelor respiratorii m\u0103surabile spirometr ic ", "2. VC + VR ", "3. CV + VR ", "4. un volum maxim egal cu valoarea maxim\u0103 a CV " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Elementele structurale comune care se observ\u0103 p e sec\u021biunile transversale ale tulpinii \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinii sunt:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. fasciculele libero-lemnoase ", "2. rizoderma ", "3. lacuna medular\u0103 ", "4. scoar\u021ba " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Leucocitele ap\u0103r\u0103 organismul prin:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. producerea de anticorpi pentru fiecare tip de an tigen ", "2. elaborarea unor substan\u021be cu rol de antigeni ", "3. \u00eenglobarea unor antigeni prin procesul de fagoci toz\u0103 ", "4. neutralizarea anticorpilor care p\u0103trund \u00een organ ism " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta care indic\u0103 boli cauzate de ac ela\u0219i tip de agent patogen:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. leptospiroza, pneumonia, hepatita ", "2. gripa, salmoneloza, apendicita ", "3. laringita, toxiinfec\u021biile alimentare, tricofi\u021bia ", "4. ulcerul, tuberculoza, antraxul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Pierderile de presiune ale s\u00e2ngelui sunt cauzate de:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. v\u00e2scozitate mare ", "B. volemie crescut\u0103 ", "C. debit cardiac crescut ", "D. elasticitatea redus\u0103 a vaselor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Dezechilibrul dintre iriga\u0000ia defectuoas\u0103 a inimii \u0000i activitatea pe care trebuie s-o realizeze aceasta poate determina:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. accident vascular ", "B. ateroscleroz\u0103 ", "C. anghin\u0103 pectoral\u0103 ", "D. hipertensiune arterial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Traseul pe care circul\u0103 s\u00e2ngele la pe\u0000ti, imediat dup\u0103 oxigenare este:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. branhii - atriu \u2013 ventricul \u2013 branhii - \u0000esuturi ", "B. ventricul \u00b1 branhii \u00b1 \u0000esuturi - atriu - branhii ", "C. branhii \u00b1 \u0000esuturi \u00b1 atriu \u00b1 ventricul \u00b1 branhii ", "D. branhii \u00b1 ventricul \u00b1 atriu \u00b1 \u0000esuturi \u00b1 branhii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Majoritatea plantelor se dezvolt\u0103 optim \u00een urm\u0103toarele condi\u0000ii: pH", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. nimic ", " B. nimic ", " C. NIMIC ", "D. NIMIIIIIC " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Din arcul aortic al inimii la om se desprind:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. 1 arter\u0103; ", "B. 2 artere; ", "C. 3 artere; ", "D. 4 artere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Meristemele secundare genereaz\u0103 \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 \u0000esuturi:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. localizate exclusiv la nivelul scoar\u0000ei ", "B. specializate, cu mare capacitate de diviziune ", "C. localizate la nivelul tuturor organelor vegetative ", "D. active \u0000i inactive din punct de vedere metabolic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Epiderma frunzei de varz\u0103 se deosebe\u0000te de cea a bulbului de ceap\u0103 prin urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 celule modificate cu rol de absorb\u0000ie ", "B. celulele au pere\u0000ii celulari \u00eengro\u0000a\u0000i ", "C. prezint\u0103 celule modificate \u00een stomate ", "D. este unistratificat\u0103 sau pluristratificat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Vasele conduc\u0103toare din corpul plantei:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. sunt lemnoase - trahee, care prezint\u0103 \u00eengro\u0000\u0103ri ornamentale de rezisten\u0000\u0103 ", "B. formeaz\u0103 inele de cre\u0000tere la plantele anuale prin activitatea felogenului ", "C. sunt liberiene - pl\u0103ci ciuruite, care asigur\u0103 circula\u0000ia bidirec\u0000ional\u0103 a sevei elaborate ", "D. asigur\u0103 leg\u0103tura structural\u0103 \u0000i func\u0000ional\u0103 \u00eentre organele vegetale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pigmen\u0000ii asimilatori se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. absorb energia luminoas\u0103 prin fluorescen\u0000\u0103 ", "B. sunt localiza\u0000i \u0000i pe membrana tilacoidal\u0103 a leucoplastelor ", "C. pot fi extra\u0000i prin fierberea frunzelor \u00een solu\u0000ii cu benzin\u0103 ", "D. se sintetizeaz\u0103 doar \u00een prezen\u0000a luminii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la leucocite, sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0000ii:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. sunt singurele celule nucleate din alc\u0103tuirea plasmei sanguine ", "B. distrug structurile anorganice str\u0103ine numite antigene ", "C. neutralizeaz\u0103 anticorpii din s\u00e2nge prin intermediul antigenelor ", "D. sunt prezente \u00een s\u00e2nge, limf\u0103 \u0000i lichidul intersti\u0000ial " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Capilarele sanguine se deosebesc de cele limfatice prin urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo func\u0000ionale:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. au pere\u0000ii forma\u0000i din epiteliu unistratificat format din celule turtite ", "B. prezint\u0103 pe traseu ganglioni limfatici cu rol important \u00een imunitate ", "C. sunt \u00eenchise la nivelul extremit\u0103\u0000ilor tisulare ", "D. transport\u0103 un volum mai mare de oxigen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u0000iile absen\u0000ei oxigenului \u00een aer, organele vegetative elibereaz\u0103 prin respira\u0000ie aceia\u0000i compu\u0000i organici ca \u0000i cei implica\u0000i \u00een ob\u0000inerea:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. produselor lactate ", "B. o\u0000etului ", "C. nutre\u0000urilor murate ", "D. p\u00e2inii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0000te varia\u0000ia intensit\u0103\u0000ii respira\u0000iei, sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0000ii:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. este lent\u0103 \u00een tuberculii de cartof comparativ cu mugurii, \u00een timpul iernii ", "B. con\u0000inutul de substan\u0000e nutritive din celulele fructelor depozitate scade mai rapid \u00een cazul celor s\u0103n\u0103toase comparativ cu cele lezate ", "C. cambiul \u0000i felogenul din structura tulpinii consum\u0103 mai mult\u0103 energie comparativ cu parenchimul cortical de depozitare ", "D. temperatura mai mare de 35\u0000C afecteaz\u0103 negativ valoarea nutritiv\u0103 a produc\u0000iei agricole prin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Bacteriile saprofite particip\u0103 \u00een natur\u0103 la:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. \u00eembog\u0103\u0000irea solurilor cu s\u0103ruri ale azotului ", "B. transformarea acidul acetic \u00een alcool etilic prin fermenta\u0000ie ", "C. oxidarea amoniacului \u00een nitri\u0000i pentru producerea energiei ", "D. transformarea resturile anorganice din b\u0103l\u0000i \u00een metan " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0000i asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre bolile respiratorii \u0000i manifest\u0103rile acestora:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. pneumonia \u2013 dureri de cap ", "B. laringita \u2013 tuse seac\u0103 ", "C. tuberculoza \u2013 junghi toracic ", "D. astm bron\u0000ic \u00b1 febr\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La finalul unei expira\u0000ii active, \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni r\u0103m\u00e2ne un volum maxim de aer de:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. 3000 ml ", "B. 1500 ml ", "C. 2000 ml ", "D. 1000 ml " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Superioritatea anatomic\u0103 a sistemului respirator al reptilelor comparativ cu cel al amfibienilor const\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. cre\u0000terea volumului de aer ventilat prin apari\u0000ia cutelor pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor saciformi ", "B. perfec\u0000ionarea mecanismului respira\u0000iei \u0000i cre\u0000terea volumului de aer ventilat ", "C. alungirea c\u0103ilor respiratorii extrapulmonare ", "D. dispari\u0000ia necesit\u0103\u0000ii respira\u0000iei tegumentare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la func\u0000ia \u0000esuturilor de ap\u0103rare din structura primar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. sunt reprezentate doar de exoderm\u0103 \u0000i endoderm\u0103 \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a v\u00e2rfului de cre\u0000tere ", "B. exoderma \u0000i endoderma, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu parenchimul cortical, apar\u0000in scoar\u0000ei ", "C. rizoderma, \u00een mod particular, este specializat\u0103 at\u00e2t pentru protec\u0000ie c\u00e2t \u0000i pentru absorb\u0000ie ", "D. exoderma este de regul\u0103 pluristratificat\u0103 comparativ cu rizoderma \u0000i endoderma unistratificate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Produc \u0000i elimin\u0103 la exterior substan\u0000e organice utiliz\u00e2nd energie produs\u0103 prin respira\u0000ie:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. parenchimul liberian ", "B. \u0000esutul palisadic ", "C. glandele nectarifere ", "D. parenchimul lacunar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Pentru sinteza substan\u0000elor organice prin fotosintez\u0103, plantele extrag din sol cantit\u0103\u0000i moderate de:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. S, Mg, Cu, Na, Fe ", "B. Na, Mn, Ca, Fe, S ", "C. K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na ", "D. Fe, Na, S, Ca, Mg " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen sec\u0000iune transversal\u0103 prin partea central\u0103 a unui os lung putem observa:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. canale Havers care con\u0000in nervi \u0000i vase de s\u00e2nge capilare ", "B. un strat extern de \u0000esut epitelial numit periost ", "C. celule osoase situate \u00een c\u0103m\u0103ru\u0000e ovale numite osteoplaste ", "D. osteoane care con\u0000in \u0000esut epitelial, conjunctiv, muscular \u0000i nervos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u0000esuturile animale, spre deosebire de cele vegetale:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. provin din diviziunea unei singure celule \u00b1 celula ou ", "B. rezult\u0103 prin diferen\u0000iere celular\u0103 conform programului genetic ", "C. sunt acelea\u0000i la indivizii de 1 ca \u0000i la cei de 2 ani ", "D. au structur\u0103 adaptat\u0103 func\u0000iei pe care o \u00eendeplinesc " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0000i asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre \u0000esuturile prezentate \u0000i caracteristicile acestora:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. \u0000esutul nervos \u00b1 regenereaz\u0103 \u0000i conduce impulsurile nervoase ", "B. \u0000esutul conduc\u0103tor liberian \u2013 conduce activ apa \u00een ambele sensuri ", "C. \u0000esutul epitelial \u00b1 transmite mesaje \u0000i genereaz\u0103 senza\u0000ii ", "D. \u0000esutul conjunctiv \u00b1 transport\u0103 gaze respiratorii \u0000i asigur\u0103 homeostazia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este asem\u0103nare \u00eentre digestia intracelular\u0103 \u0000i cea extracelular\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. implic\u0103 procese de hidroliz\u0103 cu ajutorul enzimelor produse de glandele digestive ", "B. necesit\u0103 echipament enzimatic specializat pentru prelucrarea substan\u0000elor nutritive ", "C. implic\u0103 absorb\u0000ia substan\u0000elor care nu mai pot fi digerate ", "D. pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite at\u00e2t la organisme unicelulare, c\u00e2t \u0000i la vertebrate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre sucurile digestive:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. sucul intestinal con\u0000ine bicarbonat de sodiu \u0000i mucus ", "B. sucul gastric este neutralizat de aciditatea din duoden ", "C. bila con\u0000ine pigmen\u0000i biliari care asigur\u0103 absorb\u0000ia acizilor gra\u0000i ", "D. sucul pancreatic hidrolizeaz\u0103 toate oligopeptidele p\u00e2n\u0103 la aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat despre digestia glucidelor:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. ierbivorele rumeg\u0103toare nu produc enzime pentru digestia celulozei ", "B. cea mai mare parte a amidonului este hidrolizat de amilaza salivar\u0103 ", "C. \u00een toate segmentele tubului digestiv sunt secretate enzime glicolitice active ", "D. amilaza salivar\u0103 \u0000i cea pancreatic\u0103 transform\u0103 direct amidonul \u00een acela\u0000i produs final " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0000i r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la denti\u0000ia mamiferelor:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. elefantul are canini foarte lungi \u0000i molari cu zim\u0000i ", "B. cerbul are canini cu rol de ap\u0103rare \u0000i incisivi cu cre\u0000tere continu\u0103 ", "C. iepurele are incisivi foarte dezvolta\u0000i \u0000i molari cu creste rotunjite ", "D. c\u00e2inele are canini care sf\u00e2\u0000ie hrana \u0000i molari cu creste \u00eenalte " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0000i drumul corect al alimentelor prin tubul digestiv la diferite grupe de vertebrate:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. p\u0103s\u0103ri: cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 pipot\u0103 \u2013 stomac glandular \u2013 intestin sub\u0000ire \u00b1 cloac\u0103 ", "B. reptile: cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 faringe \u2013 esofag \u2013 stomac \u2013 intestin sub\u0000ire - intestin gros \u00b1 cloac\u0103 ", "C. amfibieni: cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 faringe \u2013 esofag \u2013 stomac - intestin \u2013 cloac\u0103 ", "D. ciclostomi: cavitate bucal\u0103 \u2013 esofag \u2013 stomac \u2013 intestin " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Mastica\u0000ia, ca proces de m\u0103run\u0000ire a alimentelor:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. la p\u0103s\u0103ri lipse\u0000te deoarece func\u0000ia este preluat\u0103 de stomacul glandular ", "B. la pe\u0000tii r\u0103pitori lipse\u0000te deoarece nu au din\u0000i \u0000i \u00eenghit hrana \u00eentreag\u0103 ", "C. la rumeg\u0103toare se face o singur\u0103 dat\u0103, de\u0000i alimentele trec de dou\u0103 ori prin cavitatea bucal\u0103 ", "D. la ciclostomi lipse\u0000te deoarece au numero\u0000i din\u0000i corno\u0000i a\u0000eza\u0000i pe mai multe r\u00e2nduri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Acizii gra\u0000i:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt emulsiona\u0000i de s\u0103rurile biliare \u00een intestinul sub\u0000ire ", "B. experimental, pot neutraliza NaOH la temperatura de 400C ", "C. ca \u0000i glicogenul, sunt produ\u0000i finali ai digestiei ", "D. se absorb sub influen\u0000a lecitinei \u0000i pigmen\u0000ilor biliari " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Activitatea enzimelor implicate \u00een respira\u0000ie este optim\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele condi\u0000ii:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. hidratare \u00een exces ", "2. temperatur\u0103 35\u02daC ", "3. leziuni ale \u0000esuturilor ", "4. concentra\u0000ie \u00een oxigen 25-30% " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u0000i ale respira\u0000iei \u00een prezen\u0000a oxigenului:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. schimburile gazoase de la nivelul capilarelor bron\u0000ice ", "2. acumularea de energie \u00een molecula de ATP \u00een mitocondrie ", "3. descompunerea substan\u0000elor organice ", "4. transformarea alcoolului etilic \u00een acid acetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Respira\u0000ia anaerob\u0103 are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00een arderea incomplet\u0103 a substan\u0000elor anorganice ", "2. fiecare molecul\u0103 de substrat elibereaz\u0103 o cantitate mic\u0103 de energie ", "3. este specific\u0103 pentru \u0000esuturile plantelor superioare ", "4. are numeroase aplica\u0000ii practice, deoarece produsul final poate fi diferit " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103torii factori limiteaz\u0103/reduc respira\u0000ia plantelor:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. concentra\u0000ia de 5% a oxigenului ", "2. temperatura aerului de 35\u00caC ", "3. deshidratarea celular\u0103 ", "4. leziunile provocate de factori mecanici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen sistemul circulator al unor vertebrate poate exista s\u00e2nge neoxigenat \u00een:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. bulbul arterial ", "2. atriul drept ", "3. ventricul ", "4. artera pulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt structuri sub\u0000iri, permeabile \u0000i vascularizate:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. endocardul ", "2. mucoasa nazal\u0103 ", "3. epicardul ", "4. membrana respiratorie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Seva elaborat\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. circul\u0103 mai rapid comparativ cu seva brut\u0103 ", "2. este transportat\u0103 activ prin vasele liberiene ", "3. este bogat\u0103 \u00een substan\u0000e anorganice solubile ", "4. poate circula \u00een corpul plantelor \u00een ambele sensuri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Valvulele sigmoide:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. sunt localizate \u00een interiorul venelor mari ", "2. \u00eempiedic\u0103 \u00eentoarcerea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een atrii ", "3. sunt \u00eencadrate de c\u00e2te un inel fibros ", "4. au aspect membranos ca trei cuiburi de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune pentru pleur\u0103 \u0000i pericard:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. num\u0103rul foi\u0000elor ", "2. pelicula de lichid ", "3. rolul fiziologic ", "4. \u0000esutul elastic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt procese fiziologice desf\u0103\u0000urate exclusiv prin mecanisme active:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. for\u0000a de suc\u0000iune a frunzelor ", "2. absorb\u0000ia s\u0103rurilor minerale ", "3. absorb\u0000ia apei prin r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 ", "4. circula\u0000ia sevei elaborate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Celulele cu pere\u0000ii \u00eengro\u0000a\u0000i din structura organelor vegetative pot prezenta urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. provin din activitatea meristemelor primare sau secundare ", "2. \u00eendeplinesc exclusiv func\u0000ii de ap\u0103rare sau sus\u0000inere ", "3. sunt dispuse pe unul sau mai multe straturi ", "4. apar\u0000in tuturor celor cinci tipuri de \u0000esuturi definitive " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00centre structura primar\u0103 a tulpinii \u0000i a frunzei pot exista urm\u0103toarele asem\u0103n\u0103ri:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. prezen\u0000a celulelor modificate, specializate pentru schimbul de gaze, la nivelul epidermei ", "2. localizarea subepidermic\u0103 a \u0000esutului de sus\u0000inere cu pere\u0000ii celulari \u00eengro\u0000a\u0000i neuniform ", "3. prezen\u0000a arcurilor mecanice de celule moarte la periferia fasciculelor conduc\u0103toare ", "4. organizarea similar\u0103 a \u0000esuturilor conduc\u0103toare \u00een structura fasciculelor mixte " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen cursul fotosintezei, energia luminoas\u0103 este:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. absorbit\u0103 la nivelul a dou\u0103 sisteme fotochimice ", "2. utilizat\u0103 pentru eliberarea oxigenului \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", "3. transferat\u0103 electronilor clorofilieni la nivelul tilacoizilor ", "4. utilizat\u0103 direct \u00een procesul de reducere a dioxidului de carbon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Procesele de nutri\u0000ie ale produc\u0103torilor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. sunt procese anabolice endoterme condi\u0000ionate de prezen\u0000a pigmen\u0000ilor asimilatori ", "2. utilizeaz\u0103 dioxidul de carbon atmosferic ca surs\u0103 de carbon \u0000i donor de O2 atmosferic ", "3. oxideaz\u0103 carbonul anorganic pentru sinteza substan\u0000elor organice ", "4. au contribuit la formarea \u0000i acumularea combustibililor naturali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Tipurile de nutri\u0000ie comune bacteriilor, ciupercilor \u0000i plantelor superioare sunt:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. fotoautotrof\u0103 \u0000i/sau chemoautotrof\u0103 ", "2. simbiont\u0103 ", "3. mixotrof\u0103 ", "4. heterotrof\u0103 \u2013 parazit\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la cele trei componente principale ale mediului intern al organismului, sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0000ii:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103 la schimburile de substan\u0000e la nivelul \u0000esuturilor ", "2. au contact direct cu celulele corpului ", "3. particip\u0103 la imunitatea organismului ", "4. viteza de circula\u0000ie scade astfel: s\u00e2nge > lichid intersti\u0000ial > limf\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Descompunerea unui substrat organic pe cale aerob\u0103 (utiliz\u00e2nd acela\u0000i compus organic \u00een aceea\u0000i cantitate) se deosebe\u0000te de procesul anaerob prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. intensitatea reac\u0000iilor de fosforilare a ADP este mai mare ", "2. decurge \u00een prezen\u0000a O2 \u00een toate \u0000esuturile vegetale \u0000i animale ", "3. elibereaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mai mare de moli de dioxid de carbon ", "4. se desf\u0103\u0000oar\u0103 \u0000i \u00een mitocondriile microorganismelor, \u00een fermenta\u0000ia alcoolic\u0103 \u0000i acetic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Compar\u00e2nd micorizele cu micozele, sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0000ii:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. ambele se bazeaz\u0103 pe rela\u0000ii interspecifice trofice ", "2. ciupercile utilizeaz\u0103 substan\u0000e organice produse de alte organisme vii ", "3. sunt implicate ciuperci saprofite \u0000i respectiv parazite ", "4. ciupercile preiau substan\u0000e organice exclusiv de la organisme autotrofe " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Bronhiolele respiratorii se caracterizeaz\u0103 anatomic \u0000i func\u0000ional prin:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. sunt oxigenate prin intermediul arteriolelor pulmonare ", "2. sunt lipsite de \u0000esut cartilaginos, dar bogate \u00een \u0000esut muscular striat ", "3. provin direct din bronhiile secundare diferen\u0000iate \u00een segmentele pulmonare ", "4. sunt cele mai sub\u0000iri ramifica\u0000ii ale bronhiilor la nivel pulmonar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen cursul ventila\u0000iei pulmonare, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii urmeaz\u0103 mi\u0000c\u0103rile cutiei toracice datorit\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. diafragmului ", "2. pleurelor ", "3. mu\u0000chilor intercostali externi ", "4. elasticit\u0103\u0000ii parenchimului pulmonar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0000i asocierile corecte \u00eentre adapt\u0103rile anatomo-histologice \u0000i func\u0000iile organelor vegetative:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. frunze modificate \u00een capcane, cu glande secretoare de enzime digestive \u2013 nutri\u0000ie mixotrof\u0103 ", "2. parenchimul cortical bogat \u00een plastide al tuberculului de cartof \u2013 depozitarea substan\u0000elor organice ", "3. absen\u0000a clorofilei \u0000i prezen\u0000a haustorilor \u00b1 nutri\u0000ia parazit\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la plante ", "4. parenchimul palisadic cortical \u2013 nutri\u0000ia autotrof\u0103 prin fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u0000i din variantele de mai jos un circuit posibil al atomilor de azot \u00een natur\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. sol \u2192 bacterii nitrificatoare \u2192 plant\u0103 autotrof\u0103 \u2192 insect\u0103 fitofag\u0103 \u2192 bacterii saprofite ", "2. bacterii saprofite \u2192 plante autotrofe \u2192 mamifer ierbivor \u2192 ciuperci saprofite ", "3. atmosfer\u0103 \u2192 bacterii fixatoare de azot \u2192 sol \u2192 plant\u0103 autotrof\u0103 \u2192 bacterii saprofite ", "4. plant\u0103 autotrof\u0103 \u2192 insect\u0103 fitofag\u0103 \u2192 plant\u0103 carnivor\u0103 \u2192 ciuperci saprofite " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Unele \u0000esuturi cu rol de protec\u0000ie localizate la exteriorul corpului plantelor \u0000i animalelor pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sunt formate din celule distan\u0000ate solidarizate prin substan\u0000\u0103 fundamental\u0103 ", "2. sunt unistratificate, pseudostratificate \u0000i pluristratificate ", "3. pot fi primare sau secundare, \u00een func\u0000ie de originea lor \u0000i de v\u00e2rsta individului ", "4. pot con\u0000ine celule care se impregneaz\u0103 cu substan\u0000e impermeabile \u0000i mor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Peretele intestinului sub\u0000ire con\u0000ine urm\u0103toarele tipuri de \u0000esuturi:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. conjunctiv - cu componente aflate \u00een propor\u0000ii aproximativ egale ", "2. epitelial unistratificat - care are la baz\u0103 un strat cu celule \u00eenalte ", "3. muscular - cu celule \u00een form\u0103 de fus \u0000i nucleu central ", "4. secretoare - asem\u0103n\u0103toare celor din insulele pancreatice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sinapsele neuro-efectoare pot determina:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. transmiterea impulsului nervos c\u0103tre neuronul postsinaptic ", "2. secre\u0000ia glandelor salivare sau a celor intestinale ", "3. func\u0000ionarea re\u0000elei de neuroni a sistemului nervos ", "4. desc\u0103rcarea mediatorului chimic \u00een spa\u0000iul sinaptic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u0000esutul muscular neted poate fi \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. segmentele tubului digestiv \u00een care sunt hidrolizate glucide ", "2. teritoriul reglabil al c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "3. organul digestiv cu rol \u00een recep\u0000ia stimulilor gustativi ", "4. pere\u0000ii vaselor de s\u00e2nge care regleaz\u0103 irigarea mu\u0000chilor scheletici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Con\u0000in epitelii ale c\u0103ror secre\u0000ii particip\u0103 la digestia lipidelor:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. glandele gastrice ", "2. ficatul ", "3. glandele intestinale ", "4. glandele salivare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Selecta\u0000i afirma\u0000iile corecte:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. bolul alimentar poate con\u0000ine ioni minerali, lizozim, dextrine, mucus ", "2. chimul gastric poate con\u0000ine peptone, pepsinogen, maltoz\u0103, amidon ", "3. \u00een con\u0000inutul intestinului gros pot exista bacterii simbionte, ioni minerali, vitamine ", "4. \u00een con\u0000inutul intestinului sub\u0000ire pot exista acizi gra\u0000i, zaharoz\u0103, tripsin\u0103, fructoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Un aminoacid absorbit la nivelul intestinului sub\u0000ire, \u00een drumul s\u0103u spre pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, trece prin:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. ventriculul drept ", "2. citoplasma celulei intestinale ", "3. vena port\u0103 ", "4. vena pulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u0000ii despre ficat sunt corecte:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. \u00een artera hepatic\u0103 s\u00e2ngele are o concentra\u0000ie \u00een CO2 mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u00e2ngele din vena port\u0103 ", "2. \u00een canalul coledoc, sensul de curgere este opus fa\u0000\u0103 de sensul de curgere \u00een vena port\u0103 ", "3. bila \u0000i o parte din sucul pancreatic se vars\u0103 \u00een duoden printr-un orificiu comun ", "4. \u00een lobulul hepatic ajunge s\u00e2nge care con\u0000ine glucoz\u0103, aminoacizi, oxigen \u0000i hormoni pancreatici " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia \u00een lumea vie asigur\u0103:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. schimbul de substan\u021be \u0219i mesaje chimice ", "B. absorb\u021bia asociat\u0103 a apei \u0219i a s\u0103rurilor minerale ", "C. transportul bidirec\u021bional prin ambele tipuri de vase conduc\u0103toare ", "D. eliminarea excesului de ap\u0103 din plante datorit\u0103 for\u021b ei de suc\u021biune " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. aspirarea aerului \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ca urmare a cobor\u00e2rii g rilajului costal \u00een timpul inspira\u021biei ", "B. modificarea presiunii alveolare prin mecanisme exclu sive: active \u2013 inspira\u021bia \u0219i pasive \u2013 expira\u021bia ", "C. modificarea volumului cavit\u0103\u021bii toracice care urmea z\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor datorit\u0103 pleurelor ", "D. \u00eemprosp\u0103tarea \u0219i \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea ritmic\u0103 cu oxigen a aeru lui alveolar rezidual \u00een timpul inspira\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Limfocitele prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 ap\u0103rarea organismului printr-un proces de dig estie intracelular\u0103 ", "B. sunt singurele elemente figurate nucleate cu rol imun itar ale mediului intern ", "C. asigur\u0103 neutralizarea anticorpilor prin intermediul antigenelor ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 reac\u021bia imunitar\u0103 a fagocitelor prin pr oteinele eliberate \u00een plasm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. \u021besuturile 1 \u0219i 3 prezint\u0103 celule vii, cu pere\u021bi celu lari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi uniform ", "B. \u021besuturile 3 \u0219i 5 sunt formate din celule moarte cu ro l de sus\u021binere ", "C. \u021besuturile 4 \u0219i 5 realizeaz\u0103 func\u021bii asociate nutri\u021bie i organelor plantei ", "D. \u021besuturile 2 \u0219i 3 apar\u021bin \u021besuturilor fundamentale, cu rol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Mitocondria se deosebe\u0219te func\u021bional de cloroplas t deoarece:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. genereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i care pot fi utiliza\u021bi \u00een alte comp artimente celulare ", "B. realizeaz\u0103 procese de transfer energetic \u00eentre comp u\u0219i organici ", "C. genereaz\u0103 exclusiv compu\u0219i anorganici f\u0103r\u0103 poten\u021bial energetic ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 procese anabolice celulare ale tuturor e ucariotelor aerobe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Schimbul de gaze la nivel alveolo-capilar implic\u0103 :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. oxigenarea s\u00e2ngelui transportat la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni de c\u0103tre v enulele pulmonare ", "B. eliminarea CO 2 din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni datorit\u0103 cre\u0219terii presiunii intrapulmona re ", "C. traversarea epiteliului format din celulele foarte t urtite ale capilarelor arteriale ", "D. eliberarea CO 2 din combina\u021biile plasmatice labile cu proteina pig ment \u2013 hemoglobina " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen stomacul rumeg\u0103toarelor tr\u0103iesc bacterii:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. nitrificatoare care pot produce nitri\u021bi \u0219i nitra\u021bi ", "B. feruginoase care oxideaz\u0103 s\u0103ruri feroase ", "C. sulfuroase care pot produce sulfa\u021bi ", "D. metanogene care reduc CO 2 \u00een condi\u021bii anaerobe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Maltaza este o enzim\u0103 care:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. finalizeaz\u0103 digestia chimic\u0103 a substan\u021belor \u00eenceput\u0103 \u00ee n cavitatea bucal\u0103 ", "B. ini\u021biaz\u0103 degradarea amidonului preparat p\u00e2n\u0103 la pro du\u0219i de tipul maltozei ", "C. este activ\u0103 \u00een ultimul compartiment al stomacului er bivorelor rumeg\u0103toare ", "D. poate hidroliza dizaharide din alimentele consumate, p\u00e2n\u0103 la glucoz\u0103 \u0219i fructoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La mamiferele rumeg\u0103toare, \u00eentoarcerea hranei \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 din:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. zona \u00een care tr\u0103iesc bacterii simbionte necesare descom punerii celulozei ", "B. compartimentul \u00een care hrana nemestecat\u0103 se adun\u0103 \u00een mici cocoloa\u0219e ", "C. zona \u00een care sunt hidrolizate glucidele cu ajutorul enzimelor digestive ", "D. compartimentul situat din punct de vedere anatomic \u00ee ntre ciur \u0219i cheag " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fermenta\u021bia alcoolic\u0103 este produs\u0103 de:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. Streptococus lactis ", "B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ", "C. Mycoderma aceti ", "D. Lactobacillus bulgaricus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe mi\u0219c\u0103rile pla n\u0219eului bucal la vertebratele care au urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. cavitate bucal\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de maxilare dar prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu din\u021bi corno\u0219i ", "B. dou\u0103 artere aorte \u0219i perete incomplet \u00een mijlocul ve ntriculului ", "C. dispozitiv special de limitare a amestec\u0103rii s\u00e2ngelui la ie\u0219irea din ventricul ", "D. dou\u0103 cecumuri intestinale unde ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 bacterii si mbionte " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen nutri\u0163ia heterotrof\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Orobanche minor preia nutrimentele din sol prin haustori ", "B. Laboulbenia bayeri transform\u0103 alcoolul etilic \u00een acid acetic ", "C. Mycoderma aceti este o ciuperc\u0103 parazit\u0103 care provoac\u0103 tricofi\u021bia ", "D. Bacillus thuringiensis \u00eemboln\u0103ve\u015fte insectele pe care le paraziteaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul inspira\u0163iei la mamifere:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. bolta diafragmului se accentueaz\u0103 spre torace ", "B. mu\u015fchii intercostali externi imobilizeaz\u0103 coastele ", "C. distan\u0163a dintre stern si coloana vertebral\u0103 cre\u015fte ", "D. volumul de aer rezidual este introdus \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri, spre deosebire de mamifere exist\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni organiza\u0163i \u00een acini \u0219i dou\u0103 vene cave superio are ", "B. bronhiole intrapulmonare \u0219i inim\u0103 tetracameral\u0103 ", "C. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi bine dezvolta\u0163i \u0219i sept interventric ular ", "D. dilata\u0163ii extrapulmonare ale bronhiilor \u0219i c\u00e2rj\u0103 aor tic\u0103 dreapt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bicarbonatul de sodiu:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 pH-ul u\u015for acid al secre\u021biei salivare ", "B. se g\u0103se\u015fte doar \u00een sucurile digestive cu enzime hidroli tice ", "C. alcalinizeaz\u0103 bolurile alimentare \u00een interiorul sto macului ", "D. induce pH-ul bazic al sucului secretat de pancreas " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen ecosistemele cavernicole din Dobrogea, produc \u0103torii sunt:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. hidrogenbacterii ", "B. bacteriile metanogene ", "C. sulfobacterii ", "D. bacterii feruginoase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pigmen\u021bii asimilatori:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 eliberarea oxigenului din molecula de CO 2 ", "B. au rol \u00een transferul energiei chimice \u00een molecule an organice ", "C. faciliteaz\u0103 formarea leg\u0103turilor fosfat-macroergice ", "D. capteaz\u0103 electronii emi\u0219i din sursa primar\u0103 de energie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Lathraea squamaria :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een medii bogate \u00een s\u0103ruri minerale ca \u0219i plan tele carnivore ", "B. are haustori cu rol \u00een sinteza substan\u021belor organice ca \u0219i v\u00e2scul ", "C. paraziteaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor superioare ca \u0219i Orobanche minor ", "D. este gazd\u0103 intermediar\u0103 pentru diferite ciuperci par azite ca \u0219i dracila " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Elementul comun al tuturor secre\u021biilor digestive \u00eel reprezint\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. enzimele ", "B. pigmen\u021bii ", "C. mucusul ", "D. colesterol " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cavitatea buco-faringian\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. la pe\u0219tii planctonici are din\u021bii suda\u021bi cu craniul ", "B. la reptile con\u021bine din\u021bi sau margini cornoase ", "C. la ciclostomi are form\u0103 variabil\u0103 \u0219i limba-ventuz\u0103 ", "D. la amfibieni este prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu o limb\u0103 mobil\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fumatul poate cauza apari\u021bia urm\u0103toarelor boli:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. varicele \u0219i bron\u0219ita ", "B. apendicita \u0219i tuberculoza ", "C. ulcerul \u0219i pneumonia ", "D. gastrita \u0219i ateroscleroza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Con\u021binutul bogat \u00een proteine al plantelor legumi noase se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. cantit\u0103\u021bii mari de N 2 din solurile \u00een care cresc aceste plante ", "B. bacteriilor care transform\u0103 N 2 \u00een combina\u021bii ale acestuia ", "C. prezen\u021bei haustorilor care fixeaz\u0103 azotul din aer \u00een sol ", "D. existen\u021bei micorizelor la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor acesto r plante " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de digestie chimic\u0103, albumozele sunt rezultatul ac\u021biunii:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. lipazei ", "B. pepsinei ", "C. lactazei ", "D. amilazei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioadele digestive bila, \u00een forma ei conce ntrat\u0103, parcurge succesiv urm\u0103toarele structuri:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. celulele ficatului, canale biliare, vezica biliar\u0103 ", "B. canalele biliare, vezica biliar\u0103, duoden ", "C. vezica biliar\u0103, canalul coledoc, duoden ", "D. celulele ficatului, canal coledoc, vezic\u0103 biliar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fotosinteza la castravete \u00eencepe s\u0103 scad\u0103 de la:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. 35\u02daC ", "B. 55\u02daC ", "C. 45\u02daC ", "D. 40\u02daC " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Elementele structurale ale axonului se g\u0103sesc \u00een urm\u0103toarea ordine, din interior c\u0103tre exterior:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. teaca Schwann, teaca Henle, mielina, membrana axonu lui ", "B. membrana axonului, mielina, teaca Henle, teaca Schw ann ", "C. membrana axonului, mielina, teaca Schwann, teaca He nle ", "D. teaca Henle, membrana axonului, mielina, teaca Schw ann " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Epiteliul mucoasei traheale este:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. pluristratificat, pavimentos cheratinizat ", "B. pseudostratificat cu celule alungite \u0219i ciliate ", "C. unistratificat cubic cu grosimi diferite ", "D. plurisenzorial cu celule turtite necheratinizate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Meristemele apicale sunt:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. formate din celule care \u0219i-au pierdut capacitatea de diviziune ", "B. alc\u0103tuite din celule specializate cu pere\u021bii sub\u021biri permeabili ", "C. situate \u00een v\u00e2rfurile de cre\u015ftere ale organelor plante i ", "D. plasate lateral \u0219i medial de axul organului vegetativ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ionii de Ca 2+ sunt necesari pentru ac\u021biunea :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. pepsinogenului ", "B. lipazei gastrice ", "C. colagenazei ", "D. labfermentului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Absorb\u021bia \u0219i ascensiunea sevei brute \u00een corpul p lantelor variaz\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. scade din cauza lipsei oxigenului prin diminuarea act ivit\u0103\u021bii \u00een \u021besuturile nediferen\u021biate ", "2. cre\u0219te la temperaturi u\u0219or negative datorit\u0103 aspira\u021bi ei osmotice crescute a citoplasmei ", "3. scade \u00een condi\u021biile solurilor b\u0103t\u0103torite din cauza re ducerii suprafe\u021bei osmotice ", "4. cre\u0219te \u00een condi\u021biile intensific\u0103rii transpira\u021biei prin pomparea apei \u00een celulele r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui este influen\u021bat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. volumul lichidelor extracelulare ", "2. reglarea nervoas\u0103 a activit\u0103\u021bii inimii ", "3. condi\u021biile de solicitare ale organismului ", "4. reglarea umoral\u0103 (prin hormoni) " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Inima unui vertebrat cu circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103 po mpeaz\u0103 \u00een aorte s\u00e2nge cu aceea\u0219i compozi\u021bie. Selec ta\u021bi particularit\u0103\u021bile anatomo-func\u021bionale specifice doa r clasei din care face parte:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2ni de tip saciform, cu numeroase pliuri \u0219i cute ", "2. prime\u0219te la nivelul inimii s\u00e2nge venos \u00een atriul drept \u0219i s\u00e2nge oxigenat \u00een atriul st\u00e2ng ", "3. are globule ro\u0219ii ovoide, mici \u0219i nucleate care preia u oxigenul din piele \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "4. realizeaz\u0103 un mecanism caracteristic al ventila\u021biei pulmonare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la ten siunea arterial\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 presiunea exercitat\u0103 de s\u00e2nge asupra pere\u021bi lor arteriali ", "2. atinge valoarea maxim\u0103 \u00een sistola atrial\u0103 \u0219i valori mi nime \u00een timpul diastolei ", "3. cre\u0219terea acesteia peste valorile normale poate fi cau zat\u0103 de ateroscleroz\u0103 ", "4. modific\u0103 elasticitatea vaselor \u0219i poate cauza hemorag ii cerebrale \u0219i paralizii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia organismelor din genul Saccharomyces \u0219i din genul Mycoderma prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. elibereaz\u0103, prin fermenta\u021bie, substan\u021be organice \u0219i mi ci cantit\u0103\u021bi de CO 2 ", "2. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 preferen\u021bial \u00een condi\u021biile unui mediu d e via\u021b\u0103 aerob ", "3. elibereaz\u0103 alcooli (bacteriile) \u0219i acizi organici (c iupercile) cu larg\u0103 aplicabilitate ", "4. stocheaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de energie provenite din ox idarea incomplet\u0103 a substratului organic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre substan\u021ba consumat\u0103 ca donor de oxigen \u00een cadrul procesului de fotosintez\u0103, se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 produsul final al respira\u021biei tuturor cel ulelor vii ", "2. este redus\u0103 prin activitatea bacteriilor metanogene p entru producere de energie ", "3. stimuleaz\u0103 fotosinteza \u00een condi\u021biile depozit\u0103rii ei \u00ee n cantit\u0103\u021bi mari \u00een \u021besutul lacunar ", "4. influen\u021beaz\u0103 activitatea enzimelor oxidoreduc\u0103toare la nivel celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Producerea energiei la nivelul organismelor:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. este asigurat\u0103 prin degradarea substan\u021belor organice si ntetizate autotrof sau heterotrof ", "2. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een interiorul celulelor, la nivelul mitocondriilor ", "3. se realizeaz\u0103 prin reac\u021bii metabolice catalizate de enzime oxido-reduc\u0103toare ", "4. necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba ATP pentru formarea moleculelor ma croergice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre caracteris ticile anatomo-func\u021bionale ale celulelor din struct ura \u021besuturilor formative cu ale unor celule apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui \u021besut definitiv:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. grosimea pere\u021bilor celulari \u2013 celulele din stratul sup erficial al structurii primare a r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "2. forma celulelor \u2013 celule din \u021besutul de ap\u0103rare secun dar, cu poten\u021bial asimilator ", "3. latura metabolismului \u2013 celule din \u021besutul fundamenta l situat sub epiderma superioar\u0103 a frunzei ", "4. capacitate mare de diferen\u021biere \u2013 celule ale \u021besutul ui specific structurii secundare, \u00eentre suber \u0219i felode rm " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul muscular striat formeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. treimea inferioar\u0103 a esofagului ", "2. peretele faringelui ", "3. peretele intestinului gros ", "4. musculatura limbii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile mecanice:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 celule cu pere\u0163i sub\u0163iri ", "2. pot s\u0103 fie localizate la nivelul frunzei ", "3. produc \u015fi elimin\u0103 diferite substan\u0163e ", "4. permit sus\u021binerea greut\u0103\u0163ii propriului corp " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia la plante este \u00eencetinit\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. \u021besuturile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", "2. atmosfera \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 cu CO 2 ", "3. celulele deshidratate ", "4. \u021besuturile bogate \u00een substan\u021be organice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul cartilaginos hialin este situat:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. \u00een peretele laringelui ", "2. pe suprafe\u021bele articulare ale oaselor ", "3. la nivelul cartilajelor costale ", "4. \u00een discurile intervertebrale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt factori externi care intensific\u0103 respira\u021bi a la plante:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. af\u00e2narea solurilor \u00een care se g\u0103sesc r\u0103d\u0103cinile plan telor ", "2. concentra\u021bia atmosferic\u0103 a CO 2 \u00eentre 5% \u0219i 21% ", "3. factorii mecanici care produc leziuni celulare ", "4. temperatura aerului de maximum 25 0C " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi caracteristicile structurale ale vilo zit\u0103\u021bilor intestinale:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. bogat\u0103 re\u021bea de capilare sanguine ", "2. epiteliu cilindric unistratificat ", "3. un vas limfatic dispus central ", "4. capacitate de preluare a nutrimentelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Saprofitele:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. absorb din sol exclusiv substan\u021bele minerale dizolvate \u00een ap\u0103 ", "2. pot produce antibiotice pentru \u00eenl\u0103turarea concuren \u021bei ", "3. descompun amidonul \u00een aminoacizi pentru a putea fi a bsorbit ", "4. mineralizeaz\u0103 resturile organice asigur\u00e2nd hrana plan telor verzi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La plante, excesul de ap\u0103 produce:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. m\u0103rirea volumului celulelor ", "2. mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare ", "3. limitarea circula\u021biei oxigenului ", "4. cre\u0219terea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii citoplasmei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Vasculariza\u021bia nutritiv\u0103 a ficatului:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. se realizeaz\u0103 prin artera hepatic\u0103 ", "2. este realizat\u0103 de vena port\u0103 ", "3. aduce s\u00e2nge oxigenat la ficat ", "4. aduce s\u00e2nge colectat de la intestine " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Au o respira\u021bie redus\u00e3:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. semin\u021bele \u0219i sporii \u00een repaus ", "2. \u021besuturile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nite ", "3. tulpinile subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene, iarna ", "4. celulele deshidratate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Influen\u0163a factorilor de mediu asupra fotosintez ei se manifest\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. \u00een concentra\u0163ii de peste 5%, dioxidul de carbon are efect stimulator ", "2. p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50.000 de luc\u015fi, fotosinteza cre\u0219te direct pr opor\u0163ional cu iluminarea ", "3. excesul de ap\u0103 reduce fotosinteza prin m\u0103rirea spa\u0163iil or intercelulare ", "4. lumina ro\u015fie este absorbit\u0103 cel mai intens de pigmen\u0163ii clorofilieni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Digestia intracelular\u0103 st\u0103 la baza:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. imunit\u0103\u021bii organismului ", "2. metamorfozei insectelor ", "3. remanierilor structurale ", "4. hr\u0103nirii protozoarelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pepsina:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. este secretat\u0103 sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "2. hidrolizeaz\u0103 proteinele ", "3. este activat\u0103 de prezen\u021ba HCl ", "4. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba apei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Stomacul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici st ructurale \u0219i func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. depoziteaz\u0103 \u0219i evacueaz\u0103 lent hrana spre intestin ", "2. \u00ee\u0219i adapteaz\u0103 capacitatea \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de hra n\u0103 ", "3. transform\u0103 chimic proteinele prin hidroliz\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103 ", "4. are localizare oblic\u0103, inferioar\u0103 pancreasului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Miofibrilele:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sunt specifice doar \u021besutului muscular striat ", "2. influen\u021beaz\u0103 circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui \u00een sectorul capilar ", "3. sunt organite celulare comune cu rol \u00een contrac\u021bie ", "4. constituie suportul anatomic al contrac\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Proteinele neuroreceptoare:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. caracterizeaz\u0103 toate tipurile de sinapse chimice ", "2. apar\u021bin componentei neuronale presinaptice ", "3. se afl\u0103 la nivelul membranelor postsinaptice ", "4. difuzeaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de vezicule \u00een spa\u021biul sinaptic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o tulpin\u0103 cilindrul central:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. dezvolt\u0103 un \u021besut definitiv cu rol de sus\u021binere ", "2. prezint\u0103 celule cu \u00eengro\u0219\u0103ri inelare sau spiralate ", "3. are spre exterior \u021besut sclerenchimatic ", "4. con\u021bine un strat intern pluristratificat parenchimati c " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura femurului se g\u0103sesc urm\u0103toarele co mponente:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. vase \u0219i nervi ", "2. periost ", "3. osteocite ", "4. os spongios " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Eficien\u021ba absorb\u021biei intestinale depinde de:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. valvulele conivente ", "2. vilozit\u0103\u021bi ", "3. microvilozit\u0103\u021bi ", "4. suprafa\u021ba mucoasei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Succesiunea evenimentelor din faza de lumin\u0103 a f otosintezei este urm\u0103toarea:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. fotoliza apei, eliberarea de electroni, formarea sub stan\u021belor organice, eliberarea de O 2 ", "2. descompunerea apei, transferul de energie c\u0103tre elec troni, formarea de ATP, eliberarea O 2 ", "3. descompunerea clorofilei, fotoliza apei, eliberare d e O 2, \u00eencorporarea separate a H 2 \u0219i CO 2 ", "4. eliberarea de electroni, descompunerea apei, eliber area de oxigen, formarea de ATP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Decorticarea inelar\u0103 a unui l\u0103star cu frunze, ap licat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00bd fasciculelor libero-lemnoase, spre deosebire de \u00eentreruperea prin incizii laterale a v aselor lemnoase determin\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. stoparea fotosintezei din cauza deficitului de sev\u0103 b rut\u0103 ", "2. stagnarea diviziunilor celulare \u0219i a cre\u0219terii \u00een toa te organele plantei ", "3. etiolarea l\u0103starului din cauza caren\u021bei de substan\u021be organice ", "4. formarea calusului datorit\u0103 surplusului de substan\u021be org anice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sacii aerieni ai p\u0103s\u0103rilor:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. particip\u0103 activ la ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 \u00een repaus ", "2. au un volum mult mai mare dec\u00e2t al pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "3. sunt sub\u021biri \u0219i \u00eenconjura\u021bi de capilare sanguine ", "4. contribuie la sc\u0103derea densit\u0103\u021bii animalului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cilindrul central al tulpinii la angiospermele anuale:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este m\u0103rginit de periciclu ", "B. con\u021bine trahee \u0219i cambiu subero -felodermic ", "C. prezint\u0103 vase liberiene cu pere\u021bi \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi ", "D. con\u021bine parenchim \u00eentre fasciculele mixte " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul fotosintezei:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. clorofila accept\u0103 un electron sub influen\u021ba luminii ", "B. fotoliza apei duce la formarea de O 2 \u0219i H 2 ", "C. sistemele fotochimice sintetizeaz\u0103 ATP ", "D. concentra\u021bia de CO 2 din \u021besutul lacunar cre\u0219te " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Digestia intracelular\u0103:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. folose\u0219te enzime produse de glande digestive microscopice ", "B. are loc prin reac\u021bii de hidroliz\u0103, ca \u0219i digestia extracelular\u0103 ", "C. se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul lizozomilor forma\u021bi prin fagocitoz\u0103 ", "D. este prima etap\u0103 a digestiei doar la celenterate \u0219i la spongieri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Pancreasul la mamifere:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. are o parte endocrin\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare glandelor salivare ", "B. \u00ee\u0219i vars\u0103 secre\u021bia \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire prin canalul coledoc ", "C. secret\u0103 enzime glicolitice \u0219i lipolitice \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", "D. produce o secre\u021bie cu pH peste 7, bogat\u0103 \u00een proteaze " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul muscular:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea valvelor din structura inimii ", "B. neted asigur\u0103 eliminarea aerului din alveolele pulmonare ", "C. con\u021bine organite celulare nespecifice numite miofibrile ", "D. neted intervine \u00een reglarea iriga\u021biei mu\u0219chilor stria\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La nivelul cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale umane:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. amilaza salivar\u0103 are o ac\u021biune semnificativ\u0103 asupra amidonului crud ", "B. molarii cu relief rotunjit m\u0103run\u021besc hrana prin strivire \u0219i pilire ", "C. bolul alimentar poate con\u021bine proteine, dextrine, gr\u0103simi, dizaharide ", "D. incisivii suda\u021bi cu maxilarul taie hrana, de regul\u0103, prin forfecare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Ficatul mamiferelor:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. produce pigmen\u021bi biliari care provin din sinteza hemoglobinei ", "B. elimin\u0103 bila prin canale cu rol \u00een concentrarea bilei prin absorb\u021bia apei ", "C. con\u021bine \u021besut conjunctiv moale care are func\u021bie de hr\u0103nire ", "D. comunic\u0103 pe fa\u021ba diafragmatic\u0103 cu vena port\u0103 \u0219i artera hepatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Una dintre urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii este corect\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. sc\u0103derea concentra\u021biei de fosfa\u021bi din plant\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 sinteza acizilor nucleici ", "B. micorizele sunt simbioze dintre ciuperci \u0219i diferite specii de arbori: pin, orhidee, stejar ", "C. elementele chimice extrase \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi infime din sol sunt Mg, Cu, Zn, etc ", "D. \u00een inspira\u021bie, la p\u0103s\u0103rile \u00een zb or, aerul trece din sacii aerieni \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Hematiile mamiferelor:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. sunt celule anucleate care au form\u0103 de lentil\u0103 biconvex\u0103 ", "B. pot p\u0103r\u0103si capilarele sangvine pentru a transporta O 2 la celule ", "C. con\u021bin hemoglobin\u0103, care este transformat\u0103 hepatic \u00een acizi biliari ", "D. transport\u0103 o cantitate mic\u0103 de O 2 \u00een cazul arterelor pulmonare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La broasca de lac:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. intestinul sub\u021bire se deschide \u00eentr -o cavitate numit\u0103 cloac\u0103 ", "B. c\u0103ile respiratorii intrapulmonare sunt scurte \u0219i neramificate ", "C. amestecarea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een ventricul este \u00eempiedicat\u0103 de un dispozitiv ", "D. cavitatea bucal\u0103, neseparat\u0103 de faringe, con\u021bine o limb\u0103 foarte mobil\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul moale cu un con\u021binut mare de fibre de colagen are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 elasticitatea organelor \u00een care pr edomin\u0103 ", "B. acoper\u0103 \u0219i protejeaz\u0103 unele organe interne ", "C. \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te \u0219i hr\u0103ne\u0219te alte tipuri de \u021besuturi ", "D. con\u021bine nervi \u0219i vase de s\u00e2nge \u00een meniscul articular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Enzima care determin\u0103 formarea de peptone:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se elimin\u0103 \u00een stomac sub forma ei activ\u0103 ", "B. este produs\u0103 de celulele glandelor duodenale ", "C. necesit\u0103 ac\u021biunea prealabil\u0103 a acidului clorhidric ", "D. are afinitate pentru oligopeptidele alimentare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 pentru fiziologia unor sisteme de organe la p\u0103s\u0103ri:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 este orientat\u0103 spre partea dreapt\u0103 ", "B. ventila\u021bia \u00een timpul zborului implic\u0103 sacii aerieni ", "C. intestinul gros este scurt \u0219i se termin\u0103 cu o cloac\u0103 ", "D. sacii aerieni deriv\u0103 din unele bronhii care str\u0103bat pl\u0103m\u00e2nii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. captureaz\u0103 \u0219i diger\u0103 antigenele p\u0103trunse \u00een organism ", "B. sunt cele mai mici elemente figurate ale s\u00e2ngelui ", "C. pot produce anticorpi specifici pentru fiecare tip de antigen ", "D. sunt fragmente celulare care asigur\u0103 coagularea s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui \u00een sectorul capilar este intensificat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. prezen\u021ba sfincterelor precapilare de la nivelul vaselor ", "B. presiunea crescut\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui \u00een sistemul venos ", "C. vasodilata\u021bia arterelor mici din \u021besuturi ", "D. sistola atrial\u0103 care aspir\u0103 s\u00e2ngele din vene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Hematiile lipsite de antigene de grup sangvin, spre deosebire de cele care le au pe ambele sunt:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. transferate prin transfuzie doar persoanelor din segmentul de 3% din popula\u021bie ", "B. incompatibile cu s\u00e2ngele persoanelor care nu posed\u0103 aglutinine \u00een plasm\u0103 ", "C. compatibile cu s\u00e2ngele persoanelor care posed\u0103 anticorpi anti -A \u0219i anti -B ", "D. aglutinate \u00een contact cu plasma persoanelor din segmentul 43% din popula\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o cultur\u0103 de cartof fotosinteza decurge optim la:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. temperatur\u0103 30 -35\u02da C, 0,03% CO 2 \u0219i 60 - 70% umiditate ", "B. 5% CO 2 , lumin\u0103 albastr\u0103, prezen\u021ba Na, K \u0219i Mn. ", "C. 0,01% CO 2 , lumin\u0103 ro\u0219ie, 70 - 80% umiditate ", "D. 60.000 - 80.000 luc\u0219i, 30 - 35\u02da C, lumin\u0103 ro\u0219ie, 70 - 80% umiditate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune ale vertebratelor cu circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 \u0219i incomplet\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii saciformi \u0219i intestinul nediferen\u021biat ", "B. cavit\u0103\u021bile bucal\u0103, nazal\u0103 \u0219i faringian\u0103 delimitate ", "C. dou\u0103 c\u00e2rje aortice la baza inimii \u0219i intestinul terminat \u00een cloac\u0103 ", "D. temperatura corpului variabil\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ile respiratorii lungi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia celular\u0103 care conduce la acumularea acidului lactic responsabil\u0103 de febra muscular\u0103 se deosebe\u0219te de respira\u021bia obi\u0219nuit\u0103 pr in:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. hidrolizarea unui num\u0103r mai mare de moli ATP pentru realizarea contrac\u021biei musculare ", "B. producerea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de dioxid de carbon la finalul procesului ", "C. fosforilarea unui num\u0103r mai mare de moli de ADP la nivel mitocondrial ", "D. consumarea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de glucoz\u0103 pentru producerea energiei de contrac\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea \u00eentre procesele \u0219i caracteristicile anatomice, care NU presupune o rela\u021bie de cauzalitate \u0219i propor\u021bionalitate direct\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. suprafa\u021ba mucoasei intestinale - absorb\u021bia nutrimentelor ", "B. calibrul vasului - presiunea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een sectorul venos ", "C. suprafa\u021ba membranei respiratorii - schimbul de gaze ", "D. num\u0103rul peri\u0219orilor absorban\u021bi - absorb\u021bia sevei brute " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre unele componente celulare din s\u00e2ngele mamiferelor \u0219i caracteristicile acestora:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. limfocite - asigur\u0103 imunitatea prin digestie intracelular\u0103 ", "B. elemente figurate nucleate - se formeaz\u0103 doar \u00een m\u0103duva ro\u0219ie osoas\u0103 ", "C. eritrocit e - prezint\u0103 antigene care pot fi neutralizate specific de c\u0103tre proteine plasmatice ", "D. fragmente celulare biconcave, anucleate - asigur\u0103 coagularea s\u00e2ngelui " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre caracteristile anatomice \u0219i/sau func\u021bionale ale arterelor, se poate afirma:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. calibrul individual al vaselor cre\u0219te de la origine spre termina\u021bie ", "B. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui cu oxigen sau dioxid de carbon este propor\u021bional\u0103 cu debitul cardiac ", "C. asigur\u0103 oxigenarea unitar\u0103 \u0219i uniform\u0103 a \u00eentregului organism ", "D. volumul \u0219i viteza s\u00e2ngelui sunt influen\u021bate de gravita\u021bie \u0219i de prezen\u021ba valvulelor vasculare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 s\u00e2ngele unei persoane aglutineaz\u0103 doar cu serurile hemotest anti A \u0219i anti AB:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. s\u00e2ngele poate fi utilizat \u00een transfuzie pentru persoane cu grupele sanguine B \u0219i AB ", "B. persoana nu va putea primi s\u00e2nge care con\u021bine dou\u0103 tipuri de aglutinine ", "C. proba de s\u00e2nge va aglutina obligatoriu \u0219i cu serul hemotest anti B ", "D. persoana poate produce aglutinine plasmatice de tip beta " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sistemul circulator al pe\u015ftilor este adev\u0103rat\u0103 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. inima con\u021bine sinusul ven os, atriul, ventriculul \u0219i bulbul arterial ", "B. aorta dorsal\u0103 porne\u0219te de la inima \u0219i transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge oxigenat ", "C. s\u00e2ngele este distribuit branhiilor prin patru perechi de artere ", "D. s\u00e2ngele venos de la rinichi traverseaz\u0103 ficatul \u00eenainte de a ajunge la inim\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintezei :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. hidrogenul rezultat este utilizat pentru sinteza de ADP ", "B. rezult\u0103 amidon care se coloreaz\u0103 cu solu\u021bia Fehling ", "C. energia luminoas\u0103 este \u00eenmagazinat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de energie chimic\u0103 ", "D. ATP-ul este utilizat pentru sinteza de monozaharid e " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre sistemul respirator al pe\u0219tilor oso\u0219i este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. realizeaz\u0103 schimbul de gaze prin 4 perechi de lame branhiale ", "B. apa p\u0103trunde \u00een camera branhial\u0103 prin deschiderea operculelor ", "C. dup\u0103 schimbul de gaze apa este eliminat\u0103 prin fante branhiale ", "D. apa din cavitatea buco -faringian\u0103 ajunge la nivelul lamelelor branhiale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre absorb\u021bia sevei brute este FALS\u0102 afirma\u021bia:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. moleculele de ap\u0103 se deplaseaz\u0103 de la solu\u021bia mai diluat\u0103 spre una mai concentrat\u0103 ", "B. apa din sol p\u0103trunde \u00een perii absorban\u021bi prin procesul de osmoz\u0103 ", "C. con\u021binutul vacuolar al unui peri\u0219or absorbant este o solu\u021bie hipotonic\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de apa din sol ", "D. absorb\u021bia are loc \u00een zona pilifer\u0103 localizat\u0103 \u00een apropierea v\u00e2rfului r\u0103d\u0103cinii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Felogenul spre deosebire de cambiul libero -lemnos:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. se afl\u0103 \u00een interiorul cili ndrului central al r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "B. genereaz\u0103 celule moarte spre interior \u0219i vii spre exterior ", "C. este un meristem lateral cu rol \u00een cre\u0219terea \u00een grosime ", "D. d\u0103 na\u0219tere felodermului \u00een care se poate desf\u0103\u0219ura fotosinteza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia anaerob\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00een reac\u021bii de oxidare care au loc \u00een mitocondrii ", "2. este un proces normal la nivelul bacteriilor din colon ", "3. duce la formarea de compu\u0219i organici, CO 2 \u0219i ap\u0103 ", "4. are loc \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cini, la plantele de pe terenurile inundate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Bronhiolele mamiferelor, spre deoseb ire de bronhii:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se termin\u0103 cu sacii alveolari ", "2. sunt lipsite de \u021besut cartilaginos hialin ", "3. au un diametru care poate fi modificat ", "4. con\u021bin pu\u021bin \u021besut muscular neted " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Peretele inimii la mamifere con\u021bine:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. fibre musculare striate uninucleate ", "2. pericardul, format din dou\u0103 foi\u021be ", "3. ramifica\u021bii ale arterelor coronare ", "4. \u021besut excitoconduc\u0103tor cu contrac\u021bii ritmice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Intestinul sub\u021bire prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. un epiteliu de acoperire unistratificat cu celule \u00eenalte ", "2. glande microscopice care secret\u0103 suc intestinal ", "3. duodenul, ancorat de organele \u00eenvecinate ", "4. microvilozit\u0103\u021bi la polul bazal al celulelor intestinale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Mic\u0219orarea calibrului vaselor sanguine \u00een ateroscleroz\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. poate duce la ocluzie coronarian\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103 ", "2. este cauzat\u0103 de infiltrarea pere\u021bilor cu lipide ", "3. are ca efect cre\u0219terea valorilor tensiunii arteriale ", "4. este asociat\u0103 cu sc\u0103derea elasticit\u0103\u021bii vaselor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre c\u0103ile respiratorii se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. traheea este c\u0103ptu\u0219it\u0103 de epiteliu pseudounistratificat ", "2. bronhiile principale con\u021bin glande care secret\u0103 mucus ", "3. laringele are intrarea acoperit\u0103 \u00een inspira\u021bie, de un cartilaj ca o frunz\u0103 ", "4. bronhiolele au \u00een pere\u021bi fibre musculare cu lungimea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0,5 mm " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Lobii \u0219i segmentele pulmonare:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. au independen\u021b\u0103 structural\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 ", "2. se hr\u0103nesc cu nutrimente din s\u00e2ngele arterei pulmonare ", "3. con\u021bin alveole delimitate de un epiteliu pavimentos ", "4. sunt structuri individualizate de pleura intern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Enzimele sucului pancreatic realizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele procese:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. tripsina - hidrolizeaz\u0103 proteine alc\u0103tuite din doi p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru aminoacizi ", "2. mucusul - implicat \u0219i \u00een protejarea mucoasei intestinale de actiunea proteazelor ", "3. amilaza - singura enzim\u0103 din tubul digestiv care descompune amidonul preparat ", "4. lipaza - descompune gr\u0103simile \u00een acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i glicerol sau \u00een acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i monoglicerol " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Organismele saprofite, ca \u0219i cele parazite:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. pot fi bacterii \u0219i ciuperci lipsite de pigmen\u021bi asimilatori ", "2. sunt organisme microscopice sau macroscopice ", "3. se hr\u0103nesc cu substan\u021be organice din mediul de via\u021b\u0103 ", "4. pot fi distruse prin sc\u0103derea temperaturii \u0219i deshidratare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Seva elaborat\u0103 spre deosebire de seva brut\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. ajunge la toate celulele \u0219i organele plantei, cu consum de energie ", "2. se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een sens ascendent \u0219i descendent ", "3. este transportat\u0103 lent prin celule cilindrice care au citoplasm\u0103 ", "4. con\u021bine substan\u021be chimice care sunt solubile \u00een ap\u0103 Page 5 of 12 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Capilarele sangvine ca \u0219i capilarele limfatice:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. au pere\u021bi sub\u021biri alc\u0103tui\u021bi din celule pavimentoase ", "2. transport\u0103 un lichid care provine din lichidul intersti\u021bial ", "3. con\u021bin celule care produc anticorpi cu rol imunitar ", "4. sunt implicate \u00een schimburi de substan\u021be c\u0103tre \u0219i de la celule " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La p\u0103s\u0103ri:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. sacii aerieni intrapulmonari p\u0103trund chiar \u0219i \u00een unele oase ", "2. esofagul este tranzitat de hrana, care va fi stocat\u0103 \u00een gu\u0219\u0103 ", "3. din c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103, curbat\u0103 spre dreapta, se desprind \u0219ase artere ", "4. respira\u021bia mitocondrial\u0103 asigur\u0103 men\u021binerea constant\u0103 a temperaturii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale diferitelor tipuri de meristeme:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a unor organe ", "2. sunt situate \u00een afara axului organelor ", "3. pot fi pozi\u021bionate deasupra nodurilor tulpinii ", "4. celulele prezint\u0103 capacitate mare de sintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul format din celule cu mai mul\u021bi nuclei, se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. stomac \u0219i contribuie la amestecul hranei cu secre\u021biile gastrice ", "2. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, av\u00e2nd un rol important \u00een elasticitatea acestora ", "3. inim\u0103, cu rol \u00een cre\u0219terea for\u021bei de contrac\u021bie a aceste ia ", "4. faringe, av\u00e2nd o contribu\u021bie important\u0103 \u00een actul degluti\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Bacteriile care oxideaz\u0103 substratul p\u00e2n\u0103 la sulfa\u021bi au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. sunt active mai ales \u00een solurile cu umiditate sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", "2. \u00een unele ecosisteme \u00eendeplinesc rol de produc\u0103tori ", "3. formeaz\u0103 adesea simbioze cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor acvatice ", "4. contribuie la formarea depozitelor geologice de gips " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Un pacient este supus unor investiga\u021bii medicale \u00een urma c\u0103rora este diagnosticat cu hipertensiune, pneumonie \u0219i hepatit\u0103. Selecta\u021bi varianta \u00een care simptomele pacientului corespund acestor afec\u021biuni.", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. atrofie muscular\u0103; senza\u021bie de sufocare; organism sl\u0103bit; febr\u0103 ", "2. tulbur\u0103ri de vedere; modific\u0103ri ale respira\u021biei, febr\u0103; icter ", "3. ocluzia coronar\u0103; febr\u0103, r\u0103gu\u0219eal\u0103; v\u0103rs\u0103turi ", "4. ame\u021beli, palpita\u021bii; junghi toracic; urin\u0103 \u00eenchis\u0103 la culoare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Enzimele care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra substan\u021belor alimentare form\u00e2nd produ\u0219i intermediari sunt:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. amilazele ", "2. lipazele ", "3. pepsina ", "4. oligopeptidaze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Sunt produ\u0219i finali comuni ai ac\u021biunii sucurilor gastric, pancreatic \u0219i intestinal:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. glicerolul ", "2. maltoza ", "3. monogliceridele ", "4. glucoza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Afirma\u021biile corecte despre circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui la om sunt:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. presiunea osmotic\u0103 crescut\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui determinat\u0103 de consumul de sare conduce la ", "2. sistola ventricular\u0103 conduce la aspirarea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een atrii prin ridicarea plan\u0219eului atrioventricular ", "3. circula\u021bia \u00een teritoriul capilar este intensificat\u0103 prin vasodilata\u021bia arterelor mici \u0219i diminuat\u0103 prin vasoconstric\u021bia acestora. ", "4. cre\u0219terea debitului cardiac determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea presiunii s\u00e2ngelui prin ac\u021biunea cumulat\u0103 a sistemului nervos \u0219i endocrin " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte \u00eentre tipuri de celule \u0219i func\u021bii \u00een care sunt implicate:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. celule epiteliale \u2013 digestie; purificarea aerului; absorb\u021bia nutrimentelo r ", "2. fibre musculare striate \u2013 vorbire; inspira\u021bie; pomparea s\u00e2ngelui \u00een artere ", "3. celule conjunctive \u2013 fagocitarea antigenelor; sinteza oseinei; depozitarea de lipide ", "4. celule nervoase \u2013 transmiterea informa\u021biilor; producerea mielinei; sinteza mediatorilor chimici Page 6 of 12 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile compatibile \u00eentre particularit\u0103\u021bi anatomice ale diferitelor sisteme ale corpului caracteristice diferitelor grupe de vertebrate:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. intestin diferen\u021biat \u2013 2 vene pulmonare \u2013 cecumuri intestinale \u2013 saci aerieni ", "2. stomac compartime ntat \u2013 4 vene pulmonare \u2013 pl\u0103m\u00e2ni alveolari ", "3. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi \u2013 3 artere cu origine cardiac\u0103 \u2013 c\u0103i respiratorii lungi ", "4. cecum voluminos \u2013 2 vene cave \u2013 stomac voluminos \u2013 intestin sub\u021bire lung " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "S\u0103rurile minerale necesare pentru asimila\u021bia carbonului, pot fi furnizate de organismele:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. heterotrofe saprofite ", "2. heterotrofe simbionte ", "3. chemosintetizante ", "4. fotosintetizante " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Bacteriile chemosintetizatoare:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. sunt lipsite de pigmen\u021bi cu rol \u00een procese de hr\u0103nire autotrof\u0103 ", "2. utilizeaz\u0103 energia ob\u0163inut\u0103 din oxidarea unor substraturi anorganice ", "3. elimin\u0103 unele substan\u0163e toxice din mediul lor de via\u0163\u0103 ", "4. utilizeaz\u0103 energia rezultat\u0103 \u00een urma procesului de fotoliz\u0103 a apei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul osos spongios :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine trabecule ce delimiteaz\u0103 areole ", "2. se afl\u0103 \u00een peretele d iafizei oaselor late ", "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een interiorul capetelor oaselor lungi ", "4. prezint\u0103 canale Havers \u00een centrul osteoanelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Fibrele musculare striate, ca \u0219i cele netede prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. genereaz\u0103 contrac\u021bii voluntare \u0219i involuntare, de intensitate variabil\u0103 ", "B. influen\u021beaz\u0103, prin contrac\u021bie, volumul de aer preluat prin inspira\u021biei ", "C. sunt asamblate \u00eempreun\u0103 cu alte \u021besuturi \u00een structura organelor digestive ", "D. prezint\u0103 miofibrile , organite celulare specifice, suport anatomic al contractilit\u0103\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Glucidele, spre deosebire de proteine, sunt:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. hidrolizate enzimatic la nivel gastric \u0219i intestinal ", "B. descompuse anaerob \u00een alcool etilic \u2013 Mycoderma sp. sau \u00een acid lactic \u2013 Streptococcus sp. ", "C. degradate hidrolitic \u00een ierbarul rumeg\u0103toarelor ", "D. sintetizate \u00een tilacoizi cloroplastelor prin reac\u021bii endoterme, condi\u021bionate de lumin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Volumul maxim de aer acumulat \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ca urmare a contrac\u021biei mu\u0219chilor g\u00e2tului \u00een cursul ventila\u021biei pulmonare este de:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. 3500 ml ", "B. 2000 ml ", "C. 5000 ml ", "D. 3000 ml " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Produsul de secre\u021bie al ficatului prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. prin s\u0103rurile biliare activeaz\u0103 lipazele gastrice, pancreatice \u0219i intestinale ", "B. asigur\u0103 lipoliza la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire ", "C. fragmenteaz\u0103 gr\u0103simile \u00een pic\u0103turi absorbabile ", "D. favorizeaz\u0103 absorb\u021bia prin vilozit\u0103\u021bi a acizilor gra\u0219i \u0219i a monogliceridelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de carnivore, \u00een cazul ierbivorelor:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. suprafa\u021ba premolari lor \u0219i a molari lorprezint\u0103 zim\u021bi \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin forfecare ", "B. a doua por\u021biune a intestinului gros este mult mai dezvoltat\u0103 ", "C. suprafa\u021ba de absorb\u021bie a mucoasei intestinale este mai mare ", "D. stomacul este voluminos \u0219i degradeaz\u0103 proteolitic \u0219i lipolitic hrana " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi varianta asocierii optime a parametrilor care influen\u021beaz\u0103 fotosinteza:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. lumina ro\u0219ie - 25\u02daC - citoplasma celular\u0103 v\u00e2scoas\u0103 - 2% CO 2 \u00een aerul atmosferic ", "B. 30\u02da C - 10000 luc\u0219i - 3% CO 2 atmosferic - stomate deschise \u2013 sol fertil ", "C. sol bogat \u00een N, P, K - 2% CO 2 atmosferic - 30\u02da C - 50000 luc\u0219i - lacune mari intercelulare ", "D. 4% CO 2 atmosferic - lumin\u0103 galben\u0103 - 28\u02da C - citoplasma fluid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Procesele de digestie se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. \u00een cav itatea bucal\u0103 se produc transform\u0103ri mecanice, fizice \u0219i mai ales chimice ", "B. stomacul asigur\u0103 depozitarea \u0219i evacuarea hranei rapid \u0219i frac\u021bionat \u00een duoden ", "C. la nivelul vilozit\u0103\u021bilor intestinale sunt absorbite exclusiv substan\u021bele folositoare organ ismului ", "D. sub ac\u021biunea zaharazei, petidazelor, pepsinei \u0219i a lipazelor se pot elibera nutrien\u021bi absorbabili " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Componentele denti\u021biei specializate la t\u0103iere comune tuturor mamiferelor indiferent de regimul de hran\u0103 sunt:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. incisivii pe maxilarul superior ", "B. incisivii pe maxilarul inferior ", "C. caninii cu lungime diferit\u0103 ", "D. premolarii \u0219i molarii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fotoautotrofele elibereaz\u0103 oxigen ul \u00een atmosfer\u0103 :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cu consum de energie chimic\u0103 ", "B. la nivelul stromei cloroplastului ", "C. prin descompunerea CO 2 ", "D. la nivelul sistemelor fotochimice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la caracteristicile anatomice ale componentelor tubului digestiv:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. faringele este acoperit de un cartilaj elastic \u2013 epiglota ", "B. esofagul este un tub lung \u0219i rigid plasat \u00eentre faringe \u0219i stomac ", "C. pancreasul este localizat \u00een curbura duodenului ", "D. colonul formeaz\u0103 un cadru \u00een jurul anselor intestinale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fermenta\u021bia acetic\u0103 este considerat\u0103 o excep\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte tipuri de respira\u021bie anaerob\u0103 deoarece:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. este realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre micro organisme de tipul ciupercilor unicelulare ", "B. se elibereaz\u0103 \u0219i dioxid de carbon ca produs final ", "C. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba oxigenului \u00een mediu ", "D. este realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre o bacterie saprofit\u0103 specializat\u0103 care consum\u0103 alcool etilic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Comparativ, r espira\u021bia se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cu intensitate cea mai mare \u00een celulele :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. traheidelor ", "B. felogenul ui ", "C. suberul ui ", "D. sclerenchimul ui " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Digestia \u0219i respira\u021bia prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune, CU EXCEP\u021aIA:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. sunt procese care necesit\u0103 co nsum de energie ", "B. implic\u0103 participarea acelora\u0219i tipuri de biocatalizatori ", "C. se pot desf\u0103\u0219ura strict la nivel celular ", "D. condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 producerea energiei la nivelul organismului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Parazitoz\u0103 de tipul micozei este produs\u0103 de c\u0103tre:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. Laboulbenia bayeri ", "B. Mycoderma aceti ", "C. Helycobacter pylori ", "D. Bacillus thuringiensis " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Enzimele care asigur\u0103 digestia \u00een intestin a proteinelor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. sunt secretate \u00een tr-o form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "B. elibereaz\u0103 produ\u0219i finali de digestie \u00een condi\u021biile unui mediu bazic ", "C. ac\u021biunea lor hidrolitic\u0103 este favorizat\u0103 de produsul de secre\u021bie al ficatului ", "D. \u00eempiedic\u0103 dezvoltarea germenilor patogeni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Asocierea corect \u0103 este:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. limba este prevazut \u0103 cu din \u0163i cornosi - ciclostomi; ", "B. bacterii simbionte la nivelul cecumurilor intestinale - crap; ", "C. bacterii simbionte \u00een ierbarul stomacului tetracameral - antilope; ", "D. margini cornoase \u00een bucofaringe - testoase. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Lathraea squamaria:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. are frunze transformate \u00een haustori; ", "B. se nume \u015fte Cuscuta \u015fi tr\u0103ie\u015fte parazit pe specii de graminee; ", "C. nu con \u0163ine cloroplaste cu clorofil \u0103; ", "D. este cea mai cunoscut \u0103 plant \u0103 parazit \u0103 din Rom \u00e2nia. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La p \u0103s\u0103rile bune zbur \u0103toare:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. \u00een repaus, ventila \u0163ia pulmonar \u0103 se bazeaz \u0103 pe varia \u0163ia de volum a cavit \u0103\u0163ii toracice; ", "B. \u00een zbor, schimbul de gaze se face la nivelul sacilor aerieni; ", "C. \u00een zbor, pl \u0103m\u00e2nii aspir \u0103 activ aerul atmosferic bogat \u00een oxigen; ", "D. cutia toracic \u0103 este permanent mobil \u0103. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Trabeculele:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. sunt fibre de colagen \u00eentalnite \u00een diafiza tuturor oaselor; ", "B. au o dispozi \u0163ie dezordo nat\u0103 la nivelul epifizelor oaselor lungi; ", "C. delimiteaz \u0103 canalele Havers care con \u0163in nervi \u015fi vase sangvine; ", "D. sunt cavit \u0103\u0163i ale \u0163esutului osos spongios. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Lactoza:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. se absoarbe prin mecanism activ la nivelul duodenului; ", "B. ajunge netransformat \u0103 \u00een intestinul sub \u0163ire al mamiferelor; ", "C. este digerat \u0103 de c\u0103tre aceleasi enzime ca \u015fi cele pentru amidon; ", "D. se scindeaz \u0103 de c\u0103tre lactaz \u0103 \u00een dou \u0103 molecule de glucoz \u0103. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Haustorii:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. suplimenteaz \u0103 activitatea \u015fi func \u0163ia perilor absorban \u0163i; ", "B. reprezint \u0103 o adaptare a plantelor carnivore; ", "C. elimin \u0103 apa \u015fi celelalte substan \u0163e excretoare; ", "D. preiau substan \u0163e din vasele conduc \u0103toare. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Bacteriile fixatoare de azot:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. paraziteaz \u0103 nodozit \u0103\u0163ile r\u0103d\u0103cinilor; ", "B. sunt bacterii chemosintetizante; ", "C. \u00eencorporeaz \u0103 azotul \u00een compu \u015fii cu azot; ", "D. particip \u0103 \u00eempreun \u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile leguminoaselor la realizarea micorizelor. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt bacterii chemosintetizante :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. bacterii care produc s \u0103ruri ale acidului azotic; ", "B. bacteriile care produc acid sulfuric liber \u00een mediu; ", "C. bacteriile care sunt prezente \u00een n\u0103molul de pe fundul unor ape curg \u0103toare; ", "D. bacteriile fixatoare de azot. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen peretele traheal este prezent \u0163esutul:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. cartilaginos fibros; ", "B. conjunctiv moale fibros; ", "C. conjunctiv moale reticulat; ", "D. cartilaginos hialin. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pigmen \u0163ii asimilatori:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. produc energie solar \u0103; ", "B. sunt prezen \u0163i \u00een parenchimul medular al frunzelor; ", "C. sunt prezen \u0163i pe membrana intern \u0103 a cloroplastelor; ", "D. se g\u0103sesc \u00een toate organele plantelor superioare. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este adevarat \u0103 afirma \u0163ia:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. stomatele plantelor ofilite se \u00eenchid ; ", "B. plantele extrag din sol cantit \u0103\u0163i mari de Cu, Zn, B si Mn; ", "C. plantele extrag din sol cantit \u0103\u0163i mari de O, Na, B si Cl; ", "D. gr\u00e2ul realizeaz \u0103 fotosinteza numai la temperaturi pozitive. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celuloza:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. este un dizaharid prezent \u00een stomacul animalelor ierbivore rumeg \u0103toare; ", "B. este digerat \u0103 de bacterii simbionte din colonul omului; ", "C. este un polizaharid digerat de bacterii simbionte din ierbarul rumeg \u0103toarelor; ", "D. nu este digerat \u0103 deloc. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Este un organism parazit:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. Mycoderma aceti; ", "B. Lactobacillus bulgaricus; ", "C. bacilul f \u00e2nului; ", "D. Helycobacter pylori. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Virusurile hepatice produc la nivelul organismului urm \u0103toarele efete :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. inflamarea unei componente a intestinului gros; ", "B. materii fecale pigmentate; ", "C. colorarea \u00een galben a pielii; ", "D. temperatur \u0103 ridicat \u0103 \u0219i toxiinfec \u0163ii alimentare. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin absorb \u0163ie:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. trec \u00een s\u00e2nge substan \u0163e produse de bacterii simbionte din intestinul gros; ", "B. principiile alimentare p \u0103r\u0103sesc stomacul; ", "C. alimentele sunt transformate \u00een compusi simpli, apoi trecu \u0163i \u00een celulele corpului; ", "D. glucidele cu molecul \u0103 mic\u0103 trec \u00een limf \u0103. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Ciupercile, ca \u0219i bacteriile, pot:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. degrada anaerob glucoz\u0103 pentru producerea energiei ", "2. \u00eendeplini rol de descompun\u0103tori \u00een cadrul ecosistemelor naturale ", "3. produce parazitoze de tipul zoonozelor ", "4. participa ca saprofi\u021bi \u00een rela\u021bii de simbioz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Referitor la caracteristicile anatomo -func\u021bionale ale ficat ului, sunt corecte urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. este localizat \u00een cavitatea abdominal\u0103, la dreapta stomacului ", "2. artera hepatic\u0103 asigur\u0103 vasculariza\u021bia func\u021bional\u0103, iar vena port\u0103 asigur\u0103 vasculariza\u021bia nutritiv\u0103 ", "3. la nivelul lobulilor sunt metabolizate substan\u021bele nutritive absorbite la nivel intestinal ", "4. canalul coledoc asigur\u0103 evacuarea bilei \u0219i a sucului pancretic \u00een duoden " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Perfec\u021bionarea respira\u021biei la vertebratele homeoterme se datoreaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarelor caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale comune:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. c\u0103i respiratorii lungi, cu eficien\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 de condi\u021bionare a aerului ", "2. suprafa\u021b\u0103 mare de schimb a gazelor la nivelul peretelui alveolo -capilar ", "3. mecanismul de realizare al ventila\u021biei pulmonare ", "4. iriga\u021bie vascul ar\u0103 abundent\u0103 a suprafe\u021belor specializate la schimbul de gaze . " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte referitoare la nutri\u021bia organismelor vii :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. bacteriile pot fi simbion\u021bi saprofi\u021bi sau autotrofi ", "2. plantele pot fi fotoautotrofe, simbion\u021bi autotrofi, parazite \u0219i mixotrofe ", "3. plantele pot utiliza \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintezei s\u0103ruri minerale furnizate de c\u0103tre bacterii autotrofe sau heterotrofe ", "4. toate ciupercile care utilizeaz\u0103 substan\u021be organice sintetizate de c\u0103tr e organisme vii sunt parazite " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pentru asimila\u021bi a carbonului , unele organisme fotoautotrofe pot fi capabile de:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. extragerea s\u0103rurilor minerale din vase lemnoase cu ajutorul haustorilor ", "2. capturarea insectelor \u0219i digerarea acestora prin intermediul enzimelor pro teolitice ", "3. utilizarea substan\u021belor anorganice furnizate de c\u0103tre bacterii sau ciuperci ", "4. extragerea nutrien\u021bilor din vase liberiene cu ajutorul haustorilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u021aesuturile formate din celule cu pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi pot avea urm\u0103toarele caracteristici anatomo -func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 celule de pasaj pentru circula\u021bia sevei brute ", "2. provin din diferen\u021bierea meristemelor primare sau secundare ", "3. sunt formate din celule vii sau moarte ", "4. asigur\u0103 circula\u021bia ascendent\u0103 a sevei brute " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Microo rganismele sapro fite se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. pot descompune poluan\u021bi greu degradabili ", "2. au rol igienic \u00een cadrul ecosistemelor naturale ", "3. pot fi utilizate \u00een industria farmaceutic\u0103 ", "4. elibereaz\u0103 \u00een mediu exclusiv s\u0103ruri minerale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Categoriile de organisme cu importan\u021b\u0103 geologic\u0103 sunt:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. bacterii chemosintetizante - sulfuroase ", "2. plante fotoautotrofe - ierboase ", "3. bacterii chemosintetizante \u2013 metanogene ", "4. plante semiparazite \u2013 lichenii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. frunzele plantelor de umbr\u0103 au cloroplaste mai mari \u0219i cu mai mult\u0103 clorofil\u0103 ", "2. plantele consum\u0103 mai mult oxigen \u00een timpul cre\u0219terii fructelor dec\u00e2t \u00een timpul coacerii ", "3. plantele elibereaz\u0103 alcool etilic \u00een condi\u021biile respira\u021biei \u00een absen\u021ba oxigenului ", "4. semin\u021bele depozitate consum\u0103 mai pu\u021bin oxigen dec\u00e2t prim\u0103vara, \u00een timp ul germina\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Modurile de nutri\u021bie saprofit\u0103, parazit\u0103 \u0219i simbiont\u0103 implic\u0103 organisme care prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een procesul de hr\u0103nire substan\u021be organice provenite de la alte organisme ", "2. implic\u0103 un transfer direct \u0219i reciproc de substan\u021be \u00eentre dou\u0103 specii diferite ", "3. pot manifesta specializ\u0103ri privind provenien\u021ba sau natura substan\u021belor utilizate ", "4. manifest\u0103 tipuri de nutri\u021bie fundamentale ale lumii vii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Procesele de fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i respira\u021bie prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteris tici comune:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 exclusiv la nivelul unor organite celulare specializate ", "2. implic\u0103 procese de fosforilare a acidului adenozindifosforic ", "3. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin consumarea acelora\u0219i substan\u021be de baz\u0103 ", "4. sunt influen\u021bate de gradul de deschidere al stomatelor frunzelor . " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Celule le unor \u021besutur i de ap\u0103rare \u00eendeplinesc \u0219i func\u021bii de:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. absorb\u021bie a sevei brute ", "2. fotosintez\u0103 ", "3. respira\u021bie ", "4. izolare termic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre organele animale \u0219i caracteristicile histologice ale acestora:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. traheea \u2013 cartilaj hialin, epiteliu de acoperire pseudostratificat ciliat ", "2. stomac \u2013 epiteliu cilindric unistratificat, muscular neted, epiteliu glandular exocrin ", "3. os lung \u2013 cartilaj hialin, osos compact, conjunctiv reticulat, osos spongios ", "4. piele \u2013 epiteliu pavimentos pluristratificat keratinizat , conjunctiv adipos " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sc\u0103derea valorii nutritive a unor organ e vegetale depozitate poate fi favorizat\u0103 de urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. umiditate crescut\u0103 ", "2. temperatura de 25 - 30\u02daC ", "3. leziuni la nivelul acestora ", "4. concentra\u021bia de 5% O 2 \u00een aer " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prezen\u021ba l ichidul ui pleural \u00eentre foi\u021bele pleurale pulmonare induce urm\u0103toarele avantaje func\u021bionale :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. reduce frecarea \u00eentre pl\u0103m\u00e2ni \u0219i cavitatea toracic\u0103 \u00een timpul ventila\u021biei pulmonare ", "2. asigur\u0103 aderen\u021ba \u00eentre grilajul costal \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2ni ", "3. reduce consumul de energie \u00een timpul ventila\u021biei ", "4. ocup\u0103 spa\u021biul dintre foi\u021ba parietal\u0103, a cutiei toracice, \u0219i cea visceral\u0103, a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor . " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Meristemele primare:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. con\u0163in celule cu pere \u0163ii \u00eengro\u015fa\u0163i; ", "2. au un \u00eenceput de diferen \u0163iere; ", "3. au celule vii cu spa \u0163ii celulare \u00eentre ele; ", "4. asigur \u0103 cre\u015fterea \u00een lungime a plantei. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Bila con \u0163ine:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. colesterol - implicat \u00een absorb \u0163ia proteinelor; ", "2. lecitina - faciliteaz \u0103 trecerea acizilor gra \u015fi prin epiteliul vilozit \u0103\u0163ilor; ", "3. pigmen \u0163i biliari - produ \u015fi de enterocite ; ", "4. s\u0103ruri biliare - activeaz \u0103 lipazele. " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "P \u0103s\u0103rile au:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. intestinul gros scurt, terminat printr -o cloac \u0103; ", "2. saci aerieni implica \u0163i \u00een schimbul direct de gaze respiratorii; ", "3. bacterii simbionte, la limita dintre intestinul gros \u015fi sub \u0163ire; ", "4. alveole pulmonare care asigur \u0103 trecerea oxigenului \u00een s\u00e2nge. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Stimuleaz \u0103 respira \u0163ia:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. temperatura - prin viteza reac \u0163iilor de oxidoreducere; ", "2. gradul de hidratare a celulelor - prin influen \u0163area vitezei de deplasare a moleculelor; ", "3. leziuni; ", "4. dioxidul de carbon \u00een exces. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Carboxipeptidaza:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. ajunge \u00een intestin printr -un canal excretor; ", "2. este produs \u0103 de glande microscopice de la nivel duodenal; ", "3. ac\u0163ioneaz \u0103 prin hidrolizarea proteinelor p \u00e2n\u0103 la oligopeptide; ", "4. este un hormon proteolitic din sucul pancreatic. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Vilozit \u0103\u0163ile intest inale:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sunt pliuri ale peretelui digestiv la nivelul cecumului; ", "2. scad suprafa \u0163a de absorbtie ; ", "3. sunt glande microscopice care produc suc intestinal; ", "4. se g\u0103sesc pe valvulele conivente la nivelul ileonului si jejunului. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cambiul subero -felodermic:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. poate produce dou \u0103 tipuri de \u0163esuturi prin diviziunea celulelor lui; ", "2. apare la plantele cu \u00eengro\u015fare anual \u0103; ", "3. genereaz \u0103 spre interior un \u0163esut cu celule vii si rotunjite; ", "4. genereaz \u0103 spre interior, celule cu cloroplaste, la unele tulpini. " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din \u0163ii mamiferelor prezint \u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici \u00een func\u0163ie de regimul de hran \u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. premolarii omnivorelor sunt adapta \u0163i la strivire \u015fi prezint \u0103 un relief rotunjit; ", "2. molarii carnivorelor au creste \u00eenalte , ce au rol de sf \u00e2\u015fiere a pr \u0103zii; ", "3. molarii roz \u0103toarelor au zim \u0163i pentru pilire; ", "4. molarii carnivorelor au rol de t \u0103iere. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Organismele chemosintetizante:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. men\u0163in ecosistemele cavernicole, oxid \u00e2nd substan \u0163ele minerale; ", "2. cresc fertilitatea p \u0103m\u00e2ntului prin oxidarea amoniacului la azoti \u0163i; ", "3. tr\u0103iesc \u00een simbioz \u0103 \u00een ierbarul rumeg \u0103toarelor; ", "4. metanogene produc depozite de gips. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt bo li produs e de parazi \u0163i:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. hepatita - zoonoza produs \u0103 de parazi \u0163i hepatici; ", "2. micozele produse de bacteriile patogene; ", "3. bacterioza produs \u0103 de Laboulbenia bayeri; ", "4. bacterioza produs \u0103 de Bacillus thurigiensis. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Volumul rezidual:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este volumul de aer ce se masoar \u0103 la expira \u0163ia for \u0163at\u0103; ", "2. con\u0163ine 10% vapori de ap \u0103, care sunt elimina \u0163i prin expira \u0163ia for \u0163at\u0103; ", "3. se m\u0103soar\u0103 direct prin metode spirometrice; ", "4. este prezent \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenc\u0103 de la na \u015ftere. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen inspira \u0163ie la broasca de lac:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. aerul este \u00eempins din cavitatea bucofaringian \u0103 \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni; ", "2. prin contrac \u0163ia diafragmei se m \u0103re\u015fte volumul toracic; ", "3. prima dat \u0103, aerul este aspirat din exterior \u00een cavitatea bucofaringian \u0103; ", "4. se fac mi \u015fc\u0103ri de ridicare \u015fi cobor \u00e2re a plafonului bucal. " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Produ \u015fii finali rezulta \u0163i din activitatea enzimelor lipolitice sunt:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. monogliceride; ", "2. acizi gra \u015fi; ", "3. glicerol; ", "4. lecitin\u0103 . " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Respira \u0163ia aerob \u0103 \u015fi fotosinteza se deosebesc prin:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. efectul pe care -l au asupra masei vegetale; ", "2. produ \u015fii finali rezulta \u0163i; ", "3. organitele celulare implicate; ", "4. sinteza de ATP. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici structurale ale pl \u0103m\u00e2nilor:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. epiteliul alveolar este sub \u0163ire \u015fi format din celule turtite; ", "2. bronhiile sub \u0163iri sunt \u00eenconjurate de capilare la p \u0103s\u0103ri; ", "3. suprafa \u0163a respiratorie este mic \u0103 \u015fi pl\u0103m\u00e2nii u\u015for cuta \u0163i la amfibieni; ", "4. inspira \u0163ia \u015fi expira \u0163ia sunt mi \u015fc\u0103ri respiratorii. " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen condi\u021biile absen\u021bei oxigenului \u00een aer, organele vegetative elibereaz\u0103 prin respira\u021bie aceia\u0219i compu\u0219i organici ca \u0219i cei rezulta \u021bi \u00een producerea :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. produselor lactate ", "B. o\u021betului ", "C. nutre\u021burilor murate ", "D. p\u00e2inii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bacteriile saprofite particip\u0103 \u00een natur\u0103 la:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea solurilor cu s\u0103ruri ale azotului folosite de produc\u0103tori ", "B. transformarea , prin fermenta\u021bie , a acidul ui acetic \u00een alcool etilic ", "C. oxidarea amoniacului \u00een nitri\u021bi pentru producerea energiei ", "D. transformarea resturilor anorganice din b\u0103l\u021bi , \u00een metan " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre bolile respiratorii \u0219i manifest\u0103ri le acestora:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. pneumonia \u2013 dureri de cap ", "B. laringita \u2013 tuse seac\u0103 ", "C. tuberculoza \u2013 junghi toracic ", "D. astm bron\u0219ic \u2013 febr\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen seria vertebratelor stomacul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. lipse\u0219te la ciclostomi \u0219i la pe\u0219tii care se hr\u0103nesc cu plancton ", "B. prezint\u0103 o dilata\u021bie numit\u0103 gu\u0219\u0103 la pas\u0103ri, unde se \u00eenmoaie hrana ", "C. este foarte voluminos la mamiferele fitofage \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103toare ", "D. con\u021bine glande gastrice \u00een foiosul ierbivorelor rumeg\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi anatomice ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nului vertebratelor:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. aspectul comun, saciform, la amfibieni \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "B. mecanismul comun al ventila\u021biei la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i mamifere ", "C. structura alveolar\u0103 la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i reptile ", "D. ramificarea bronhiilor \u00een interiorul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor la homeoterme " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sacii aerieni ai p\u0103s\u0103rilor se formeaz\u0103 din:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. bronhii care str\u0103bat pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", "B. alveole pulmonare ", "C. capilare aeriene ", "D. dilat\u0103ri ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Denti\u0163ia ursului brun se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. canini mici \u015fi molari rotunji\u0163i ", "B. incisivi t\u0103io\u015fi \u015fi molari ascu\u0163i\u0163i ", "C. canini mari \u015fi molari rotunji\u0163i ", "D. incisivi lungi \u015fi molari cu zim\u0163i " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u0162esutul osos spongios se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. dispozi\u021bia concentric\u0103 a lamelelor osoase ", "B. aspectul organizat al lamelelor osoase ", "C. dispozi\u021bia dezordonat\u0103 a lamelelor osoase ", "D. prezen\u021ba canalelor Havers cu vase sanguine \u0219i nervi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Digestie exclusiv intracelular\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 la:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. insecte ", "B. molu\u0219te ", "C. crustacee ", "D. spongieri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii p\u0103s\u0103rilor se caracterizeaz\u0103 anatomo -func\u021bional prin:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. dimensiuni mari datorit\u0103 consumului ridicat de O2 ", "B. prezen\u021ba alveolelor pulmonare pentru schimbul de gaze ", "C. difuzia gazelor realizat \u0103 la nivelul sacilor pulmonari ", "D. schimbul gazos de la nivelul capilarelor aeriene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cordajele tendinoase ale inimii au urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. conecteaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii papilari cu valvele atrio -ventriculare ", "B. sunt structuri comune celor patru cavit\u0103\u021bi ", "C. se prind de pere\u021bii atriilor \u0219i ai ventriculelor ", "D. deschid valvele atrio -ventriculare c\u0103tre atrii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre anumite limfocite se poate afirma c \u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. captureaz\u0103, \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 \u0219i fagociteaz\u0103 antigenele ", "B. sintetizeaz\u0103 proteine care se cupleaz\u0103 cu antigenele ", "C. produc substa n\u021be cu rol \u00een coagularea s\u00e2ngelui ", "D. sunt celule anucleate care au forme diferite " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Este corect despre caracteristicile sistemelor care contribuie la nutri\u021bia reptile lor:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. crocodilii \u0219i broa\u0219tele \u021bestoase au diferite tipuri de din\u021bi ", "B. peretele ventricular separ\u0103 complet cele dou\u0103 circula\u021bii ", "C. alungirea c\u0103ilor respiratorii condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 aerul mai eficient ", "D. cavitatea buco -faringian\u0103 este separat\u0103 de cea nazal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre secre\u021biile digestive, substan\u021bele alimentare asupra c\u0103rora ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 acestea \u0219i produ\u0219ii rezulta\u021bi :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. suc gastric ----- amidon ------ maltoz\u0103 ", "B. suc pancreatic ----- lipide emulsionate ---- monogliceride ", "C. saliv \u0103 ----- amidon preparat ------ glucoz\u0103 ", "D. suc intestinal ------ oligopeptidaze ------ aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cele mai str\u00e2nse raporturi ale pancreasului sunt cu:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. fa\u021ba superioar\u0103 a ficatului ", "B. cecumul ", "C. duodenul ", "D. vezica biliar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Laboulbenia bayeri este :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. ciuperc\u0103 ce paraziteaz\u0103 alternativ dou\u0103 s pecii diferite ", "B. specie parazit\u0103 care poate trece de la animale la om ", "C. bacterie care produce parazitoz\u0103 de tipul zoonozei ", "D. ciuperc\u0103 parazit\u0103 care are o singur\u0103 gazd\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Via\u021ba plantelor este influen\u021bat\u0103 negativ de urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii de mediu:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. lumina de 150.000 luc\u0219i ", "B. concentra\u021bia O 2 de 20% ", "C. umiditatea de 70 -80% ", "D. concentra\u021bia CO 2 de 0,08% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Proteinele neuroreceptoare :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. sunt molecule situate \u00een interiorul veziculelor sinaptice ", "B. difuzeaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul sinaptic prin membrana butonului terminal ", "C. particip\u0103 la conducerea impulsul ui nervos la nivelul component ei postsinaptic e ", "D. sunt structuri permanente la nivelul membranelor presinaptice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi varianta \u00een care, pentru un anumit grup de vertebrate, sunt corecte toate cele trei enun\u021buri despre sistemele prezentate : Sistemul digestiv Sistemul circulator Sistemul respirator", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A Pe\u0219ti Cavitatea bucal\u0103 este prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu din\u021bi corno\u0219i suda\u021bi cu oasele capului Atriul prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge de la \u021besuturi \u0219i va fi propulsat de ventricul spre branhii Branhiile, formate din lame \u0219i lamele, sunt a\u0219ezate pe patru perechi de arcuri ", "B Amfibieni Cavitatea buco -faringian\u0103 este larg\u0103, prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu limb\u0103 foarte mobil\u0103 Bulbul aortic prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge direct din ventricul C\u0103ile respiratorii sunt lungi, iar ventila\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 se face prin mi\u0219carea plan\u0219eului bucal ", "C Reptile Limita dintre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i cel gros este mai pronun\u021bat\u0103 dec\u00e2t la amfibieni S\u00e2ngele venos se vars\u0103 \u00een atriul drept prin trei vene cave Plierea mai pronun\u021bat\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor saciformi asigur\u0103 oxigenarea optim\u0103 a corpului ", " " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre structura cloroplastelor, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. membrana extern\u0103 con\u021bine o cantitate mare de pigmen\u021bi ", "B. granele sunt complet separate de tilacoizi ", "C. tilacoizii sunt \u00eenconjura\u021bi de stroma cloroplastului ", "D. stroma are compozi\u021bie similar\u0103 cu citoplasma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bacteriile celulolitice sunt prezente la nivelul:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. cecumurilor cloacale plasate la limita dintre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i gros al p\u0103s\u0103rilor ", "B. compartimentului stomacal unde se formeaz\u0103 cocoloa\u0219e , la rumeg\u0103toare ", "C. cecumului unor ierbivore ai c\u0103ror incisivi prezint\u0103 cre\u0219tere continu\u0103 ", "D. primului segment al intestinului gros al mamiferelor , unde se produc vitamine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Toate sucurile digestive cu pH alcalin prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. hidrolizeaz\u0103 specific toate categoriile de subs tan\u021be organice din compozi\u021bia hranei ", "B. elibereaz\u0103 , \u00een prezen\u021ba apei , nutrien\u021bi proteici absorbabili la nivelul microvililor ", "C. necesit\u0103 , pentru digestie , amestecarea omogen\u0103 cu hrana , \u00een lumenul intestinului sub\u021bire ", "D. con\u021bin ap\u0103 \u0219i electroli\u021bi care sunt absorbi\u021bi \u00een intestin sau elimina\u021bi prin materiile fecale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i intestinul gros al omului au \u00een comun urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 denivel\u0103ri la nivelul mucoasei numite vilozit\u0103\u021bi intestinale ", "B. finalizeaz\u0103 procesele de hidroliz\u0103 enzimatic\u0103 a vitaminelor ", "C. particip\u0103 la absorb\u021bia produ\u0219ilor de digestie organici \u0219i anorganici ", "D. sunt alc\u0103tuite din segmente delimitate \u00eentre ele prin sfinctere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hidrolizarea substan\u021belor organice din hran\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 contribu\u021bia glandelor digestive anexe , \u00een cazul urm\u0103toarelor etape ale digestiei intestinale:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. emulsionarea gr\u0103similor la nivelul duodenului ", "B. descompunerea oligopeptidelor sub ac\u021biunea colagenaz ei ", "C. degradarea albumozelor \u0219i peptonelor \u00een aminoacizi ", "D. descompunerea zaharozei p\u00e2n\u0103 la glucoz\u0103 \u0219i fructoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de fotosintez\u0103 se consum\u0103 40 mg CO 2/dm2/or\u0103 la:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. castravete \u2013 la 35-40\u00b0C ", "B. cartof \u2013 la 30-35\u00b0C ", "C. tomat\u0103 - la 35 -40\u00b0C ", "D. tomat\u0103 \u0219i castravete \u2013 la 35-40\u00b0C " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bronhiile secundare pulmonare sunt:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. ramifica\u021bii ale bronhiilor de la nivelul segmentelor pulmonare ", "B. formate din \u021besut muscular striat \u0219i cartilaj hialin ", "C. egale numeric cu lobii din structura pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor ", "D. acoperite de mucoas\u0103 ciliat\u0103 cu rol de condi\u021bionare a aerului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia anaerob\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00een reac\u021bii de oxidare care au loc \u00een mitocondrii ", "2. este un proces normal la nivelul bacteriilor din colon ", "3. duce la formarea de compu\u0219i organici, CO 2 \u0219i ap\u0103 ", "4. are loc \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cini, la plantele de pe terenurile inundate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Procesele de nutri\u021bie ale produc\u0103torilor prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. sunt procese anabolice endoterme condi\u021bionate de prezen\u021ba pigmen\u021bilor asimilatori ", "2. utilizeaz\u0103 dioxidul de carbon atmosferic ca surs\u0103 de carbon \u0219i donor de O 2 atmosferic ", "3. oxideaz\u0103 carbonul anorganic pentru sinteza substan\u021belor organice ", "4. au contribuit la formarea \u0219i acumularea combustibililor naturali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cursul fotosintezei, energia luminoas\u0103 este:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. absorbit\u0103 la nivelul a dou\u0103 sisteme fotochimice ", "2. utilizat\u0103 pentru eliberarea oxigenului \u00een atmosfer\u0103 ", "3. transferat\u0103 electronilor clorofilieni de la nivelul tilacoizilor ", "4. utilizat\u0103 direct \u00een procesul de reducere a dioxidului de carbon " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Meristemele primordiale, spre deosebire de cele primare:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. pot exista independent \u0219i necondi\u021bionat de prezen\u021ba celorlalte tipuri de \u021besuturi ", "2. sunt formate din celule aflate \u00een diferite faze ale mitozei ", "3. genereaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct doar \u021besuturi formative ", "4. asigur\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u00een lungime a r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u0219i tulpinii \u00een pozi\u021bie apical\u0103 sau intercalar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reac\u0163iile organismelor vii la ac\u0163iunea unor parazi\u0163i pot fi:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sinteza de antitoxine \u015fi refacerea leziunilor produse ", "2. intensificarea reac\u0163iilor de oxido -reducere celular\u0103 ", "3. stimularea reac\u021biilor de ap\u0103rare ale organismului ", "4. cre\u015fterea temperaturii \u015fi a num\u0103rului de cloroplaste " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u0162esuturile conjunctive moi au urm\u0103toarele func\u0163ii:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. imunitar\u0103 ", "2. protec\u0163ie ", "3. depozitare ", "4. nutri\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bacteriile sulfuroase tr\u0103iesc \u00een urm\u0103toarele medii:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. stomacul rumeg\u0103toarelor ", "2. ape curg\u0103toare ", "3. soluri b\u0103t\u0103torite ", "4. ecosisteme cavernicole " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Lecitina faciliteaz\u0103 absorb\u0163ia:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. monozaharidelor ", "2. monogliceridelor ", "3. aminoacizilor ", "4. acizilor gra\u0219i " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri despre p\u0103s\u0103ri:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. intensitatea mare a proceselor respiratorii de la nivel celular permite men\u021binerea constant\u0103 a ", "2. la nivelul tubului digestiv exist\u0103 dou\u0103 cecumuri cu bacterii simbionte, care compenseaz\u0103 lipsa intestinului gros ", "3. schimbul de gaze se face prin capilarele aeriene de la nivelul celor mai sub\u021biri bronhii ", "4. c\u00e2rja aortic\u0103 este orientat\u0103 spre st\u00e2nga \u0219i din ea se desprind artere care distribuie s\u00e2ngele la nivelul capului \u0219i aripilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la felogen, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este prezent la plantele care prezint\u0103 \u00eengro\u0219are anual\u0103 ", "2. este un meristem secundar care genereaz\u0103 spre exterior un \u021besut protector ", "3. este format dintr -un singur strat de celule situat de obicei \u00een scoar\u021b\u0103 ", "4. prin diviziuni celulare genereaz\u0103 spre interior un \u021besut care poate con\u021bine cloroplaste " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre a zot se poate afirma :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. este un element utilizat de plante \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari ", "2. poate participa la procesele de chemosintez\u0103 ", "3. are rol fundamental \u00een sinteza proteinelor ", "4. c\u00e2nd lipse\u0219te din sol poate fi suplinit de alte elemente " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Hidratarea excesiv\u0103 a unei plante determin\u0103 urm\u0103toarele modific\u0103ri:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. cre\u0219terea v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii citoplasmei ", "2. mic\u0219orarea spa\u021biilor intercelulare ", "3. \u00eenchiderea tuturor stomatelor ", "4. cre\u0219terea volumului celulelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre sistemul digestiv al pe\u0219tilor sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. \u0219tiuca prezint\u0103 din\u021bi suda\u021bi cu oasele capului deoarece v\u00e2neaz\u0103 al\u021bi pe\u0219ti ", "2. somnul are stomac de dimensiuni mari deoarece v\u00e2neaz\u0103 \u00een ape dulci ", "3. crapul are maxilare cu care prinde hrana ", "4. bibanul prezint\u0103 din\u021bi \u00een cavitate bucal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "S\u00e2ngele unei persoane apar\u021bine grupei B(III) dac\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. nu se produce aglutinare \u00een serul A ", "2. nu se produce aglutinare \u00een serul B ", "3. se produce aglutinarea cu toate cele trei seruri ", "4. se produce aglutinare \u00een serurile 0 \u0219i A " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o re\u021bea de aglutinare predomin\u0103 :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. aglutinine \u03b1 \u0219i aglutinogene B ", "2. elemente figurate nucleate ", "3. fragmente celulare de dimensiuni mari ", "4. antigene \u0219i anticorpi de acela\u0219i tip " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Elemente structurale de tip cornos la nivelul sistemului digestiv, sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite la:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. p\u0103s\u0103ri, pe\u0219ti planctofagi, reptile ", "2. amfibieni, reptile, p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "3. pe\u0219ti pr\u0103d\u0103tori, amfibieni, ciclostomi ", "4. ciclostomi, reptile, p\u0103s\u0103ri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici comune al e epidermei \u0219i mucoasei esofagiene:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. localizarea \u00een structura organelor ", "2. asem\u0103narea mecanismului de regenerare ", "3. \u00eenc\u0103rcarea celulelor cu anumite substan\u021be ", "4. absen\u021ba vaselor de s\u00e2nge " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele enun\u021buri despre absorb\u021bia apei:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se realizeaz\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sucul vacuolar din celulele epidermice ale r\u0103d\u0103cinii este mai ", "2. se bazeaz\u0103 pe for\u021ba de suc\u021biune mai mare a celulelor din interior fa\u021b\u0103 de cele din exterior ", "3. este favorizat\u0103 de membrana semipermeabil\u0103 a celulelor rizodermei ce permite realizarea osmozei ", "4. la toate plantele este corelat\u0103 cu existen\u021ba perilor absorban\u021bi care sunt genera\u021bi \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 de celulele rizodermei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi seriile de caracteristici prezentate, care s\u0103 corespund\u0103 \u00een totalitate unor grupe distincte de vertebrate :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. circula\u021bie complet\u0103 \u2013 cavitate buco -faringian\u0103 cu patru arcuri branhiale \u2013 intestin ", "2. stomac extensibil \u2013 circula\u021bie incomplet\u0103 \u2013 pl\u0103m\u00e2ni saciformi conecta\u021bi la c\u0103i respiratorii lungi care condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai eficient aerul ", "3. intestin diferen\u021biat - saci aerieni care m\u0103resc suprafa\u021ba de schimb a gazelor \u2013 stomac compartimentat \u2013 circula\u021bie complet\u0103 ", "4. pl\u0103m\u00e2ni alveolari \u2013 din\u021bi fixa\u021bi \u00een alveole dentare \u2013 intestin diferen\u021biat \u2013 inim\u0103 tetracameral\u0103 \u2013 circula\u021bie dubl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi variantele corecte privind caracteristici ale n utri\u021bi ei organisme lor precizate :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. plantele carnivore \u0219i organismele saprofite \u2013 pot hidroliza enzimatic substan\u021be organice p\u00e2n\u0103 ", "2. bacteriile nitrificatoare \u0219i v\u00e2scul \u2013 convertes c energia substan\u021belor macroergice \u00een glucide, lipide, proteine ", "3. v\u00e2scul \u0219i bradul \u2013 utilizeaz\u0103 pentru reducerea CO 2 ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale furnizate de alte organisme ", "4. organismele saprofite \u0219i bacteriile sulfuroase \u2013 furnizeaz\u0103 s\u0103ruri minerale utilizate \u00een sistemele fotochimice ale fotoautotrofelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Colenchimul \u0219i sclerenchimul prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici comune:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sunt generate de meristeme primare \u00een primul an de via\u021b\u0103 al plantelor ", "2. rolul mecanic se datoreaz\u0103 \u00eengro\u0219\u0103rii neuniforme a pere\u021bilor celulari ", "3. asigur\u0103 rezisten\u021ba organelor plantei la ac\u021biunea unor for\u021be externe ", "4. sunt prezente exclusiv \u00een structura fasciculelor conduc\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Deficitul de substan\u021be organice , \u00een cazul unui pom fructifer , poate conduce la :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. reducerea capacit\u0103\u021bii de ap\u0103rare , prin sc\u0103derea activit\u0103\u021bii felogenului ", "2. caren\u021b \u0103 de ioni \u0219i sc\u0103derea intensit\u0103\u021bii fazei de \u00eentuneric a fotosinteze i ", "3. \u00eencetinirea circula\u021biei \u00een vasele localizate la exterior , \u00een raport cu cambiul r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "4. diminuarea produc\u021biei de fructe \u0219i \u00eencetinirea proce sului de coacere " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Arcurile aortice ale tetrapodelor poikiloterme se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. arcul aortic st\u00e2ng al reptilelor este plasat la dreapta arterei pulmonare ", "2. ambele arcuri aortice transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge uniform amestecat la amfibieni \u0219i reptile ", "3. la amfibieni \u2013 sunt situate lateral \u00een raport cu arterele pulmonare ", "4. la reptile - arcul aortic drept transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge preponderent oxigenat c\u0103tre cap \u0219i corp " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Ofilirea unei plante tinere , cultivat\u0103 \u00eentr -un solar , poate ap\u0103rea \u00een urm\u0103toarele situa\u021bii :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. expunerea plantei l a 120000 de luc\u0219i , \u00eenchiderea stomatelor , concentra\u021bia CO 2 de 0,001% ", "2. reducerea circula\u021biei descendente a sevei , administrare \u00een exces de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte ", "3. expunerea plantei la 20000 de luc\u0219i , v\u00e2scozitate crescut\u0103 a citoplasmei ", "4. diminuarea proceselor de fosforilare a ADP la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinii , reducerea spa\u021biilor intercelulare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Bacteriile pot produce energie prin procese de:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. oxidare a unor substan\u021be anorganice ", "2. descompunere anaerob\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice ", "3. reducere a unor substan\u021be anorganice ", "4. descompunere aerob\u0103 a substan\u021belor organice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reac\u021biile de fosforilare implicate \u00een transformarea moleculelor macroergice sunt:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. precedate de reac\u021biile de eliberare a oxigenului la nivelul sistemelor fotochimice ", "2. realizate \u00een condi\u021biile absen\u021bei oxigenului la unele bacter ii, ciuperci, plante ", "3. succedate de procesele de reducere a CO 2 \u00een faza de \u00eentuneric a fotosintezei ", "4. ini\u021biate \u00een toate compartimentele celulare \u00een care au loc procese anabolice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecta\u021bi enun\u021burile corecte privind p atologia sistemelor care asigur\u0103 func\u0163ia de nutri\u0163ie:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. pneumoni a este cauzat\u0103 de infec\u021bia cu bacilului Koch ", "2. infarctul miocardic este consecin\u021ba necroz \u0103rii \u021besutului miocardic ", "3. hepatit\u0103 viral\u0103 este \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de colorarea intens\u0103 a materiilor fecale ", "4. ulcerul gastro -duodenal este cauzat de bacteria Helycobacter pylori " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma utiliz\u0103rii a 400 molecule de hidrogen de c\u0103tre bacterii chemosintetizante se formeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. 200 molecule de glucoz\u0103 ", "2. 200 molecule de ap\u0103 ", "3. 100 molecule de amoniac ", "4. 100 molecule de metan " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Leucocitele , spre deosebire de trombocite:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt elemente figurate necelulare cu rol \u00een fagocitoz\u0103 ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 prin diviziunea celulelor \u021besutului reticulat ", "C. pot fi prezente \u00een lichidul intersti\u021bial \u0219i \u00een limf\u0103 ", "D. con\u021bin \u00een membrana lor aglutinogene cu rol de antigene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bacteriile simbionte se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. produc substan\u021be utile , absorbabile \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire al omului ", "B. produc enzime care hidrolizeaz\u0103 celuloza din ierbarul rumeg\u0103toarelor ", "C. ajut\u0103 unele plante s\u0103 absoarb\u0103 din sol ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale ", "D. reduc CO 2, fiind prezente \u0219i \u00een n\u0103molul unor ape st\u0103t\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u021aesutul animal cu aspect translucid \u0219i albicios:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. este bogat \u00een fibre elastice care \u00eei confer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 ", "B. are celule pu\u0163ine \u015fi este bogat \u00een fibre de colagen ", "C. con\u0163ine fibre pu\u0163ine, foarte fine \u0219i are elasticitate redus\u0103 ", "D. are c\u0103m\u0103ru\u0163e stelate care con\u0163in c\u00e2te 2 -3 celule " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre cambiul suberofelodermic este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. produce spre interior celule paralelipipedice care mor ", "B. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit la plante le care nu au \u00eengro\u015fare anual\u0103 ", "C. este un \u021besut formativ cu dispozi\u021bie circular\u0103 ", "D. produce spre exterior celule vii care au cloroplaste " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia gre\u0219it\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. tulpinile subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene respir\u0103 lent \u00een perioada repausului de iarn\u0103 ", "B. frunzele de vi\u0163\u0103 -de-vie respir\u0103 mult mai intens \u00een perioada cre\u015fterii boabelor ", "C. intensitatea respira\u0163iei scade pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u0163esuturile \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc ", "D. semin\u0163ele depozitate au o respira\u0163ie accelerat\u0103 care le asigur\u0103 supravie\u021buirea " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi afirma\u021bia gre\u0219it\u0103 privind inspira\u021bia \u00een timpul repausului fizic :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului diafragm care deplaseaz\u0103 baza cutiei toracice spre abdomen ", "B. cre\u0219terea volumului pulmonar \u0219i sc\u0103derea presiunii intrapulmonare ", "C. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor intercostali interni care determin\u0103 rotirea coastelor ", "D. p\u0103trunderea unui volum de aer de 500 ml care este numit volum curent " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege varianta care con\u021bine doar doi factori d e mediu cu caracter limitant pentru procesul de fotosintez\u0103 la plantele de cartof:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. CO 2 - 0,5%; caren\u021be minerale; H 2O - 28%; temperatura - 10\u00b0C ", "B. temperatura - 8\u00b0C; CO 2 -1%; H 2O - 65%; lumin\u0103 - 150.000 luc\u0219i ", "C. CO 2 - 6%; H 2O - 75%; temperatura - 30\u00b0C; lumin\u0103 - 30.000 luc\u0219i ", "D. caren\u021be minerale; H 2O - 80%; temperatura - 32\u00b0C; CO 2 - 0,1% " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre nutri\u021bia organismelor este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. unele specii parazite \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 concuren\u021bii \u0219i pot fi utile omului pentru ob\u021binerea unor antibiotice ", "B. Mycoderma aceti este o specie saprofit\u0103 care se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu substan\u021be organice variate ", "C. plantele carnivore sunt semi parazite, deoarece \u00ee\u0219i procur\u0103 s\u0103rurile minerale din organisme vii ", "D. nutri\u021bia simbio nt\u0103 este o modalitate de hr\u0103nire la care pot particip a specii autotrofe \u0219i heterotrofe " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi ale tubului digestiv la vertebrate:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. existen\u021ba unei delimit\u0103ri mai accentuate \u00eentre intestinul sub\u021bire \u0219i cloac\u0103 \u2013 la reptile ", "B. cavitate a buco -faringian\u0103 prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu din\u021bi suda\u021bi cu oasele craniului \u2013 la pe\u0219tii r\u0103pitori ", "C. cecumuri le cu bacterii simbionte situate la limita dintre stomacul glandular \u0219i pipot\u0103 \u2013 la p\u0103s\u0103ri ", "D. intestinul sub\u021bire terminat \u00eentr -o cloac\u0103 comun\u0103 pentru c\u0103ile urinare \u0219i genitale \u2013 la amfibieni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 solul \u00een care cre\u0219te o plant\u0103 are aceea\u0219i concentra\u021bie (mediu izotonic) cu sucul vacuolar al celulelor r\u0103d\u0103cinii, pot avea loc urm\u0103toarele fenomene:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. \u00eencetarea procese lor de transport al constituen\u021bilor sevei brute ", "B. p\u0103trunderea apei \u00een peri\u0219orii absorban\u021bi se realizeaz\u0103 prin procese de transport activ ", "C. absorb\u021bia apei va fi precedat\u0103 de transportul activ al ionilor \u00een celulele r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "D. transportul bidirec\u021bional al apei \u0219i al ionilor asociat cu oprirea fotosintezei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La ora de biologie, Alexandru analizeaz\u0103 mandibula unui mamifer expus\u0103 \u00een laborator \u0219i remarc\u0103 lipsa caninilor, precum \u0219i prezen\u021ba zim\u021bilor pe molari. Este solicitat s\u0103 prezinte caracteristicile tubului digestiv al mamiferului c\u0103ruia \u00eei apar\u021bine mandibula. Complet\u0103rile elevului sunt:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. stomac unicameral, voluminos; intestinul sub\u021bire cu lungime redus\u0103 ", "B. stomac unicameral; intestin sub\u021bire de dimensiuni medii; cecum redus ", "C. stomac tetracameral; intestinul sub\u021bire lung; intestinul gros lipsit de cecum ", "D. stomac unicameral, voluminos; intestin sub\u021bire foarte lung; cecum foarte voluminos " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la procesele desf\u0103\u0219urate la nivelul granelor tilacoidale, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. reducerea dioxidului de carbon este precedat\u0103 de formarea ATP -ului ", "B. O2 se formeaz\u0103 independent de sistemele fotochimice \u0219i se elibereaz\u0103 pasiv ", "C. moleculele de clorofil\u0103 se oxideaz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba energiei luminoase ", "D. utilizarea s\u0103rurilor minerale este urmat\u0103 de eliberarea ionilor de hidrogen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Un individ neantrenat care particip\u0103 la un maraton manifest\u0103 o serie de modific\u0103ri fiziologice, astfel:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. la nivelul mu\u0219chilor scheletici se produce energie doar prin respira\u021bie anaerob\u0103 ", "B. pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea ventila\u021biei pulmonare se consum\u0103 o cantitate mai mare de energie ", "C. volumul de aer ce poate fi eliminat printr -o expira\u021bie este cuprins \u00eentre 3500 \u0219i 5000 ml ", "D. prin contrac\u021bia sfincterelor precapilare de la nivelul mu\u0219chilor spore\u0219te irigarea acestora " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta care con\u021bine asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre sucul digestiv, enzima/enzimele pe care acesta o con\u021bine \u0219i produ\u0219ii rezulta\u021bi sub ac\u021biunea acestora :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. bil\u0103 \u2192 colesterol, lecitin\u0103 \u2192 acizi gra\u0219i ", "B. suc pancreatic \u2192 colagenaz\u0103 \u2192 oligopeptide ", "C. suc intestinal \u2192 lactaz\u0103 \u2192 lactoz\u0103 ", "D. suc gastric \u2192 mucus \u2192 albumoze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre inim a vertebratelor se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. ventriculele \u0219erpilor con\u021bin s\u00e2nge oxigenat, respectiv neoxigenat ", "B. atriile mamiferelor au pere\u021bii sub\u021biri, fiind \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00een total cu \u0219ase vene ", "C. vena cutanee a amfibienilor transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge oxigenat de la piele ", "D. ventriculul st\u00e2ng al p\u0103s\u0103rilor este originea aortei curbate spre st\u00e2nga " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Peri\u0219orii absorban\u021bi:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 din meristeme apicale ale r\u0103d\u0103cinilor pivotante \u0219i fasciculate ", "B. absorb s\u0103rurile minerale din sol printr -o for\u021b\u0103 care se nume\u0219te for\u021b\u0103 de suc\u021biune ", "C. se formeaz\u0103 prin activitatea meristemelor exodermei din v\u00e2rful r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "D. absorb apa atunci c\u00e2nd presiunea osmotic\u0103 a apei din sol o dep\u0103\u0219este pe cea din r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre enzimele proteolitice este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. pepsina , secretat\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 , are ca produ\u0219i de reac\u021bie albumoze \u0219i peptone ", "B. chemotripsina este secretat\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 \u0219i este activat\u0103 de c\u0103tre HCl din stomac ", "C. oligopeptidele intestinale sunt secretate \u00een stare activ\u0103 \u0219i hidrolizeaz\u0103 oligopeptidazele ", "D. dizaharidazele sunt secretate \u00een stare activ\u0103 \u0219i transform\u0103 dizaharidele \u00een monozaharide " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bacteriile:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. anaerobe produc fermenta\u021bia lactic\u0103, alcoolic\u0103 \u0219i acetic\u0103 ", "B. parazite pot fi digerate intracelular de c\u0103tre leucocite ", "C. autotrofe oxideaz\u0103 hidrogenul sulfurat, amoniacul, metanul ", "D. saprofite produc medicamente, acid acetic, insecticide biologice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 despre valvulele cardiace:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. atrioventriculare sunt \u00eencadrate de c \u00e2te un inel fibros ", "B. sigmoide sunt ancorate de ventricule prin cordaje tendinoase ", "C. semilunare aortice sunt localizate la baza arterelor coronare. ", "D. valvula tricuspid\u0103 are aspect de \u201dtrei cuiburi de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103\u201d " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul inspira\u021biei au loc urm\u0103toarele procese:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chilor intercostali, care rotesc \u0219i deplaseaz\u0103 medial coastele ", "B. cre\u0219terea volumului pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor urmat\u0103 de cre\u0219terea volumului cutiei toracice ", "C. contrac\u021bia unor fibre musculare plurinucleate, cu stria\u021bii vizibile prin colorare ", "D. sc\u0103derea presiunii intrapulmonare datorit\u0103 p\u0103trunderii aerului \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Reptilele , spre deosebire de amfibieni:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. au pl\u0103m\u00e2ni cu aspect de saci cu pere\u021bi netezi sau u\u0219or cuta\u021bi ", "B. au circula\u021bia incomplet\u0103, deoarece s\u00e2ngele se amestec\u0103 par\u021bial ", "C. sunt animale poikiloterme cu temperatura corpului variabil\u0103 ", "D. prezint\u0103 o delimitare \u00eentre cavitatea nazal\u0103 \u0219i cavitatea bucal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Toate organismele:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. transform\u0103 substan\u021be str\u0103ine \u00een substan\u021be proprii ", "B. folosesc CO 2 ca surs\u0103 de carbon pentru hr\u0103nire ", "C. au nevoie de lumin\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine energie ", "D. mobilizeaz\u0103 energia stocat\u0103 \u00een substan\u021bele anorganice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Amilaza salivar\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 un timp \u00eendelungat ", "B. reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu solu\u021bia Fehling ", "C. oxideaz\u0103 amidonul fiert sau copt ", "D. este un biocatalizator cu rol \u00een hidroliz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La mamifere, traheea:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. are inele cartilaginoase bogate \u00een fibre de colagen ", "B. este c\u0103ptu\u0219it\u0103 de un epiteliu pluristratificat ", "C. contribuie la cur\u0103\u021barea aerului \u00een timpul inspira\u021biei ", "D. comunic\u0103 cu laringele prin orificiul acoperit de epiglot\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt produ\u0219i finali ai digestiei:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. monogliceridele, galactoza, aminoacizii ", "B. albumozele, glicerolul, maltoza ", "C. peptone le, glucoza, acizii gra\u0219i ", "D. zaharoza, acizii gra\u0219i, glicerolul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Meristemele primare \u0219i meristemele laterale:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. au celule care se divid prin mitoz\u0103 \u0219i meioz\u0103 ", "B. pot fi localizate deasupra nodurilor tulpinii ", "C. sintetizeaz\u0103 intens substan\u021be organice ", "D. provin din meristemele primordiale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Lipaza gastric\u0103, spre deosebire de lipaza pancreatic\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra gr\u0103similor emulsionate ", "B. hidrolizeaz\u0103 trigliceridele din alimente ", "C. scindeaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura dintre glicerol \u0219i acidul gras ", "D. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de mediu foarte acid " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi ale sistemului digestiv la vertebrate:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. la p\u0103s\u0103ri \u00eentr-o dilata\u0163ie a faringelui se stocheaz\u0103 \u015fi se \u00eenmoaie hrana ", "2. pe\u015ftii care se hr\u0103nesc cu plancton nu au din\u0163i pe maxilare ", "3. la ciclostomi hrana este supt\u0103 \u0219i apoi \u00eempins\u0103 spre stomac ", "4. unele reptile pot avea diferite tipuri de din\u021bi la nivelul gurii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "La amfibieni sistemele care realizeaz\u0103 func\u021biile de nutri\u021bie prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. ventila\u0163ia pulmonar\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe mi\u015fc\u0103rile plan\u015feului nazal ", "2. partea dreapt\u0103 a ventriculului con\u0163ine s\u00e2nge cu O 2 ", "3. arterele cutanee \u0219i pulmonare transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge oxigenat ", "4. unele specii au limba foarte mobil\u0103 , cu rol \u00een prinderea hranei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Meristemele laterale:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. pot avea o form\u0103 ondulat\u0103 \u00een cilindrul central ", "2. prov in din celule localizate \u00een scoar\u021ba tulpinii ", "3. gener eaz\u0103 celule vii spre exterior sau spre interior ", "4. con\u021bin celule nespecializate \u00een tulpinile gramineelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Ranunculus acer prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. trahe i cu un diametru mare spre periciclul r\u0103d\u0103cinii ", "2. frunze ce con\u021bin \u021besuturi asimilatoare \u0219i mecanice ", "3. lacun\u0103 medular\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 celule, \u00een mijlocul scoar\u021bei ", "4. fascicule libero -lemnoase localizate \u00een tulpin\u0103 \u0219i nervuri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen cavitatea duodenal\u0103 pot fi prezente:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. Ca2+, important \u00een coagularea gastric\u0103 a laptelui ", "2. amidon preparat termic, celuloz\u0103, maltoz\u0103 ", "3. enzime proteolitice \u00een stare activ\u0103 \u0219i inactiv\u0103 ", "4. dizaharidaze, de tipul zaharazei \u0219i lactazei Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X -a " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre sistemului circulator al mamiferelor se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. valvula semilunar\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 are \u00een alc\u0103tuire patru lame ", "2. artera pulmonar\u0103 dreapt\u0103 trece pe sub arcul aortic ", "3. valvula tricuspid\u0103 se deschide spre atriul drept \u00een sistola atrial\u0103 ", "4. vasele coronare se pot observa la suprafa\u021ba inimii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Substan\u021bele produse de \u021besuturile secretoare pot conferi urm\u0103toarele avantaje pentru plante \u0219i om:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. protec\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de d\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i factori i de mediu nefavorabili ", "2. atragerea organismelor animale implicate \u00een polenizare ", "3. descompunerea hidrolitic\u0103 a unor substan\u021be organice \u00een scop trofic ", "4. ob\u021binerea unor produse alimentare \u0219i medicinale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt particularit\u0103\u021bi structurale ale organelor care asigur\u0103 respira\u021bia vertebratelor:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. varia\u021bia volumului cutiei toracice care asigur\u0103 ventila\u021bia aerului la p\u0103s\u0103rile \u00een repaus ", "2. plierea mai pronun\u021bat\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor saciformi \u0219i cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021bei acestora la reptile ", "3. schimburi de gaze eficiente la nivelul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i o bun\u0103 aprovizionare cu oxigen ", "4. branhii bogat vascularizate, a\u0219ezate pe patru perechi de arcuri branhiale la pe\u0219ti i oso\u0219i " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Circula\u021bia \u0219i parametrii s\u00e2ngelui la om suport\u0103 influen\u021ba unor factori externi sau interni, astfel:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. presiunea s\u00e2ngelui este influen\u021bat\u0103 de volemie, v\u00e2scozitate \u0219i debitul cardiac ", "2. regimul de curgere a s\u00e2ngelui este influen\u021bat de elasticitatea vaselor ", "3. consumul de sare \u00een exces determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea volemiei \u0219i a presiunii s\u00e2ngelui ", "4. circula\u021bia \u00een sectorul capilar influen\u021beaz\u0103 calibrul arterelor mici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre caracteristicile \u0219i circula\u021bia sevelor \u00een corpul plantelor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. seva brut\u0103 con\u021bine substan\u021be anorganice \u0219i circul\u0103 cu o vitez\u0103 mare, deoarece celulele din structura ", "2. seva elaborat\u0103 este bogat\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be organice insolubile, de aceea ea circul\u0103 mai lent prin vasele liberiene ", "3. seva brut\u0103 p\u0103trunde \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cina plantelor printr -un proces chimic de difuziune \u0219i circul\u0103 rapid prin vasele lemnoase ", "4. seva elaborat\u0103 con\u021bine substan\u021be organice, circul\u0103 prin vasele liberiene cu vitez\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i consum de energie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Preluarea \u0219i transportul substan\u021belor necesare procesului de fotosintez\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul \u021besuturilor asimilatoare sunt influen\u021bate de urm\u0103torii factori:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. temperatura solului, activitatea stomatelor, cantitatea de substan\u021be organice depozitat\u0103 ", "2. concentra\u021bia gazelor \u00een sol, intensitatea fotosintezei, gradul de hidratare al plantei ", "3. temperatura aerului atmosferic, intensitatea respira\u021biei, expunerea plantei la lumin\u0103 ", "4. pH-ul solului, gradientul de concentra\u021bie creat \u00eentre celulele r\u0103d\u0103cinii \u0219i sol prin adaos de amendamente " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Producerea energiei de c\u0103tre microorganisme se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. specii ale genurilor Lactobacillus sp. \u0219i Mycoderma sp. oxideaz\u0103 par\u021bial substratul organic pentru ", "2. Mycoderma aceti \u0219i drojdiile oxideaz\u0103 aerob substan\u021be organice cu eliberare de dioxid de carbon ", "3. speciile de ciuperci din genul Streptococcus sp. \u0219i Saccharomyces sp. utilizeaz\u0103 acela\u0219i substrat energetic ", "4. celulele de Saccharomyces sp. , prin fermenta\u021bie, pot furniza substrat respirator celulelor de Mycoderma sp. " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bolile care se pot manifesta clinic prin paralizii \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri senzoriale sunt:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. ateroscleroza \u0219i infarctul miocardic ", "2. accidentul vascular \u0219i ateroscleroza ", "3. hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 \u0219i anghina pectoral\u0103 ", "4. hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 \u0219i accidentul vascular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Studiind componentele sistemului respirator se poate aprecia c\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. 7 \u2013 component\u0103 la nivelul c\u0103reia se realizeaz\u0103 ", "2. 3 \u0219i 8 \u2013 componente care au \u00een structura pere\u021bilor cartilaj hialin ", "3. 1 \u2013 component\u0103 care produce mucus ce umeze\u0219te aerul ", "4. 6 \u2013 un mu\u0219chi care are celule fusiforme " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Traseul hranei la rumeg\u0103toare este:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. 2\u21923\u21924\u21921\u21925\u21926 ", "2. 2\u21923\u21922\u21924\u21921\u21925 ", "3. 2\u21924\u21923\u21922\u21921\u21925 ", "4. 2\u21923\u21924\u21922\u21921\u21925 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea/asocierile corecte dintre camerele stomacului \u0219i caracteristici ale acestora:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. 4 \u2013 ciur: con\u021bine hrana rumegat\u0103 re\u00eenghi\u021bit\u0103 ", "2. 1 \u2013 foios: se formeaz\u0103 mici cocoloa\u0219e ", "3. 3 - ierbar: secret\u0103 enzime celulolitice ", "4. 5 \u2013 cheag: con\u021bine glande gastrice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Vasculariza\u021bia ficatului este realizat\u0103 astfel :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. prin artera hepatic\u0103, care con\u021bine s\u00e2nge provenit din aort\u0103 ", "2. func\u021bional, prin vena care colecteaz\u0103 produ\u0219i de digestie ", "3. prin vena port\u0103, care transport\u0103 s\u00e2nge neoxigenat ", "4. nutritiv, prin s\u00e2ngele oxigenat din circula\u021bia mare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale intestinului gros :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. rectul este o por\u021biune mai bogat\u0103 \u00een \u021besut muscular ", "2. cecumul la iepure \u0219i cal este foarte voluminos ", "3. este suspendat de peretele abdominal prin peritoneu ", "4. se \u00eentinde de la intestinul sub\u021bire la valvula sigmoidian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Respira\u021bia aerob\u0103 se deosebe\u0219te de fotosintez\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. eliberarea energiei din substan\u021bele organice sub form\u0103 de ATP ", "2. reducerea dioxidului de carbon cu ajutorul hidrogenului ", "3. producerea de dioxid de carbon \u0219i ap\u0103 prin reac\u021bii de oxidoreducere ", "4. desf\u0103\u0219urarea \u00een organite specifice celulelor vegetale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pigmen\u021bii clorofilieni din celulele plantelor:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. se g\u0103sesc la nivelul granelor ", "2. sunt asocia \u021bi mai ales cu proteine ", "3. se sintetizeaz\u0103 doar \u00een condi\u021bii de lumin\u0103 ", "4. sunt u\u0219or solubil i \u00een ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici \u00eent\u00e2lnite la saprofite:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. eliberarea de antibiotice \u00een mediu ", "2. ob\u021binerea de energie prin reducerea NH 3 ", "3. absorb\u021bia de aminoacizi \u0219i glucide simple ", "4. prezen\u021ba prelungirilor numite haustori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Colenchimul, spre deosebire de sclerenchim:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. face parte din \u021besuturile mecanice ", "2. se g\u0103se\u0219te la nivelul nervurilor ", "3. con\u021bine suberin\u0103 \u00een pere\u021bii celulari ", "4. are pere\u021bii celulari \u00eengro\u0219a\u021bi neuniform " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen \u021besutul osos compact:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. lamelele osoase sunt dispuse \u00een jurul canalelor Havers ", "2. vasele de s\u00e2nge provenite din periost irig\u0103 osteoanele ", "3. osteocitele din osteoplaste se dispun \u00een cercuri concentrice ", "4. canalele Havers din structura osului sunt interconectate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt celule din s\u00e2ngele mamiferelor:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. elementele figurate generate de m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 ", "2. hematiile anucleate, biconcave, \u00eenc\u0103rcate cu o protein\u0103 cu fier ", "3. trombocitele, care con\u021bin substan\u021be cu rol \u00een coagulare ", "4. unele limfocite, care produc anticorpi specifici antigenelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sistemul circulator al amfibienilor \u0219i al reptilelor se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. artera cutanee care con\u021bine s\u00e2nge oxigenat se vars\u0103 \u00een atriul st\u00e2ng ", "2. vasele care transport\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een circula\u021bia mare se desprind din bulbul aortic ", "3. ventriculul permite amestecarea complet\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui venos cu cel arterial ", "4. aorta distribuie organelor s\u00e2nge oxigenat amestecat cu s\u00e2nge neoxigenat III. PROBLEME La \u00eentreb\u0103rile 61 -70, alege\u0163i un singur r\u0103spuns dintre variantele propuse: " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "X", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen experimentul Meselson -Stahl, banda intermediar\u0103 de ADN ob\u021binut\u0103 prin centrifugare:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. are \u00een structura sa dou\u0103 tipuri de izotopi ai azotului ", "B. reprezint\u0103 molecule numai cu caten\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 ", "C. provine de la bacterii cultivate ini\u0163ial pe mediu cu izotop 14N ", "D. demonstreaz\u0103 replicarea dispersiv\u0103 a ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Un fragment de ADN cu trei r\u0103suciri poate fi de tip:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. A \u2013 dac\u0103 are 30 de perechi de nucleotide ", "B. B \u2013 dac\u0103 are 33 de perechi de nucleotide ", "C. R \u2013 dac\u0103 are 30 de perechi de nucleotide ", "D. Z \u2013 dac\u0103 are 36 de perechi de nucleotide " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Rolurile urm\u0103toarelor molecule implicate \u00een diverse procese celulare sunt:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. factorul sigma - recunoa\u015fte subunitatea 60S a ribozomului ", "B. proteina SSB -stabilizeaz\u0103 ARN -polimeraza ", "C. proteine le chaperone \u2013 determin\u0103 structura tridimensional\u0103 proteic\u0103 ", "D. guanozintrifosfatul \u2013 activeaz\u0103 aminoacizii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pentru sinteza unei molecule de ADN este necesar\u0103 :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. ata\u0219area de nucleotide la cap\u0103tul 3' al catenei fiice ", "B. unirea capetelor 5' ale dou\u0103 fragment e Okazaki ", "C. ata\u015farea de nucleotide la cap\u0103tul 5' al fragmentului Okazaki ", "D. formarea de leg\u0103turi covalente \u00eentre catenele 3' -5' \u0219i 5' -3' " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pentru transcrierea la bacterii :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. ADN -giraza desface superr\u0103sucirea pozitiv\u0103 ", "B. ARN -polimeraza se fixeaz\u0103 la promotor prin factori de transcriere ", "C. ribonucleaza desface buclele cromozomul ui bacterian ", "D. dezoxiribonucleaza elimin\u0103 superr\u0103sucirea negativ\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul prin induc\u0163ie, spre deosebire de cel prin represie:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. gena reglatoare are propriul promotor ", "B. produsul metabolic final activeaz\u0103 represorul ", "C. represorul este o protein\u0103 alosteric\u0103 ", "D. operonul e ste de regul\u0103 inactiv nativ " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Didezoxiribonucleotidele:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. realizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi fosfodiest erice doar prin C 5\u2019 al pentozei ", "B. la C 2\u2019 al pentozei au grupare -OH ", "C. reprezint\u0103 ultimele nucleotide dintr -o amors\u0103 ", "D. sunt folosite ca vectori de transfer a genelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la eucariote pot interveni:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. proteosomi \u2013 \u00een reglajul tra nscrierii ", "B. intensificatori \u2013 \u00een reglajul transportului ARN m ", "C. ARN sn \u2013 \u00een reglajul traducerii ", "D. ubicvitina \u2013 \u00een reglajul po sttraducere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Organizatorul nucleolar:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. este asociat cu un kinetocor ", "B. are gene pentru ARNr \u0219i proteine ", "C. este caract eristic cromozomilor din grupa B ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea constric\u021biei primare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Promotorul, la eucariote :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este activat prin ata\u0219area grup\u0103rii acetil la citozin\u0103 ", "B. se leag\u0103 de secven\u021ba TATA prin intermediul factorului TFIIA ", "C. interac\u021bionez\u0103 direct cu proteina activatoare enhancer ", "D. include \u00een structura lui fragm entul TATA " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O femeie cu p\u0103rul ro\u0219cat , u\u0219or ondulat \u0219i ochii verzi poate avea \u00een structura genetic\u0103 genele:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. MBw ,R+; P1; Ebl ", "B. MBd ,R+; P3; Egr ", "C. R+, R-; P3; Ebr ", "D. MBk ,R+; P2; Egr " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Talia redus\u0103, p\u0103rul \u0219i ochii negri, nasul drept sunt caracteristici ale indivizilor din subrasa :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. dinaric\u0103 ", "B. esteuropoid\u0103 ", "C. alpin\u0103 ", "D. mediteranoid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen sinteza catenei lagging a ADN -ului, intervin enzime le: ADN -ligaza (1), ARN -primaza (2), ADN -helicaza (3), ADN -polimeraza III (4), ADN -polimeraza I (5). Ordinea \u00een care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 acestea este:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. 2 \u2013 1 \u2013 5 \u2013 4 - 3 ", "B. 2 \u2013 3 \u2013 4 \u2013 1 - 5 ", "C. 3 - 5 \u2013 2 \u2013 4 - 1 ", "D. 3 \u2013 2 \u2013 4 \u2013 5 - 1 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O caten\u0103 de ADN cu secven\u021ba TTTCGTATGTAG, care devine TTTTGTATG CAG, a s uferit o singur\u0103 muta\u021bie de tip:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. adi\u021bie ", "B. dele\u021bie ", "C. inversie ", "D. substitu\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Adeno virusuril e, spre deosebire de retrovirusuri :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. au material genetic linear , monocatenar ", "B. folosesc aminoacizii gazdei, pentru sinteza capsidei ", "C. pot intra \u00een nucleul gazdei \u0219i \u00een timpul interfazei ", "D. au genom segmentat, ca de exemplu fagul MS2 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mortalitatea infantil\u0103 :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este cu 1/4 mai mare la sexul masculin, comparativ cu cel feminin ", "B. la nivel mondial rata mortalit\u0103\u021bii copiilor sub 1 an este de 54 \u2030 ", "C. la copii cu sindrom Patau este mai m ic\u0103 dec\u00e2t la cei cu c horeea Huntington ", "D. \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este mai mare \u00een mediul urban fa\u0163\u0103 de cel rural " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prezint\u0103 catene de tip beta:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. interleukina C1 ", "B. imunoglobulina G ", "C. histamina ", "D. hemoglobina uman\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dimerii de citozin\u0103 :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. apar sub ac\u021biunea agen\u021bilor alchilan\u021bi ", "B. con\u021bin patru grup\u0103ri ceto \u0219i \u0219ase atomi de azot ", "C. se afl\u0103 numai \u00een secven \u0163ele promotorilor ", "D. determin\u0103 contorsionarea ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Elementele genetice mobile :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. intensific\u0103 expresia antioncogenelor normale ", "B. pot activa gena BRCA1 , \u00een cancerul testicular ", "C. se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een genomul fagului Haemophilus influenzae ", "D. exist\u0103 \u0219i sub form\u0103 de retrotranspozoni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Structura unui solenoid:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine 6 proteine H 2 \u0219i 6 proteine linker ", "B. are diametru dublu, comparativ cu nucleosomul ", "C. este al treilea nivel de condensare a cromatinei ", "D. con\u021bine \u00een total 24 de histon e de tip H 3 \u0219i H 4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Despre genomul fagului \u03c6X174 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este format dintr -o molecul\u0103 de ADN bicatenar, linear ", "B. a fost primul genom celular, descris \u00een 1977 de F. Sanger ", "C. ADN -ul fa gului are masa molecular\u0103 de 4x 106 daltoni ", "D. este constituit din gene care codific\u0103 peste 800 de aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigene de pe suprafa\u021ba limfocitelor T :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in 660 de aminoacizi \u00een lan\u0163urile u\u015foare ", "B. au structuri dimerice - alfa, delta, respectiv gama \u0219i beta ", "C. recunosc fragmentele carrier ale antigenului, dac\u0103 sunt lega\u021bi de MHC ", "D. sunt codifica\u021bi de gene aflate \u00een cromozomi din grupele A, C, D " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Pot bloca ireversibil transcrierea genelor:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. insulina \u0219i hormonii glucocorticoizi ", "B. radicalii de oxigen \u0219i oxizii de azot ", "C. grup\u0103rile fosfat ata\u0219ate la nonhistone ", "D. radicalii acetil ata\u0219a\u0163i la histone " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La om, cele mai pu\u021bine gene se g\u0103sesc pe cromozomul:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. 1 ", "B. 13 ", "C. 19 ", "D. X " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Maladia Huntington, ca \u0219i maladia Duchenne:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este letal\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "B. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin anevrism aortic ", "C. este o boal\u0103 monogenic\u0103 ", "D. se manifest\u0103 de la v\u00e2rsta de un an " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Despre gena IGF2R este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. este localizat\u0103 \u00een cromozomul din perechea 11 ", "B. alela 5 a fost identificat\u0103 la persoanele cu IQ peste 160 ", "C. prin muta\u021bie, diminueaz\u0103 valoarea IQ cu circa 3 % ", "D. determin\u0103 sinteza receptorului pentru insulin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O persoan\u0103 devine predispus \u0103 la cancer dac\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. are \u00een genom o proto oncogen\u0103 ", "B. mo\u0219tene\u0219te de la mam\u0103 o antioncogen\u0103 ", "C. protooncogena este translocat\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 un promotor activ ", "D. dob\u00e2nde\u0219te o gen\u0103 supresoare viral\u0103 cu introni " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "VSR:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. provoac\u0103 ru beola ", "B. preia gena src din genom ul gazdei ", "C. are genom de tip ADN ", "D. este un bacteriofag " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioada intrauterin\u0103, sindromul Turner se poate depista prin:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. prezen\u0163a unei cromatine sexuale ", "B. realizarea h\u0103r\u021bii genetice a cromozomului X ", "C. realizarea arborelui genealogic al mamei ", "D. analiza cariotipului celulelor din lichidul amniotic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt specii pe cale de dispari\u021bie:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. Lonicera japonica \u2013 m\u00e2na maicii Domnului ", "B. Dreissena polymorpha - din nordul Statelor Unite ", "C. Protea cyanoroides - din insula Madagascar ", "D. Gadus mor rhus \u2013 otarie din insula Fernandez " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura pr imar\u0103 a moleculei de ADN, atomi de oxigen stabilesc leg\u0103turi:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. covalente cu C 2\u2019 al pentozei ", "2. de hidrogen cu gruparea -NH 2 a citozinei ", "3. de hidrogen cu gruparea -CH 3 a timinei ", "4. covalente cu C 3\u2019 al pentozei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Tipul A de ADN:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 diametru molecular de 23 angstromi ", "2. are baze azotate \u00eenclinate cu 200 fa\u021b\u0103 de orizontal\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 molecul\u0103 cu r\u0103sucire dextrogir\u0103 ", "4. apare \u00een mediu cu concentra\u021bie salin\u0103 mare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen ribozom, c odonul UAG din ARNm :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. are semnifica\u021bie START ", "2. corespunde ARNt cu anticodonul AUC ", "3. este ocupat de un factor de ini\u021biere ", "4. deter min\u0103 legarea unui factor de eliberare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Un virus poate avea:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. ADN \u0219i ARN, dac\u0103 este segmentar ", "2. variabilitate datorat\u0103 crossing -overului ", "3. o singur\u0103 gen\u0103, dac\u0103 este foarte mic ", "4. material genetic \u00een capside diferite " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ma terialul genetic din nucleu \u0219i din nucleoid :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 regiuni de ADN circular ", "2. poate fi complexat cu proteine ", "3. prezint\u0103 mai multe grupe de linkage ", "4. con\u0163ine \u015fi molecule de ARN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La un organis m s-au stabilit prin genomica:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. structural\u0103 - secven\u021bierea nucleotidelor din ADN ", "2. func\u021bional\u0103 - expresia gene lor \u00een anumite condi\u021bii de mediu ", "3. comparativ\u0103 - rela\u021bii evolutive avute cu alte specii ", "4. metaboli\u021bilor - setul complet de metaboli\u021bi codifica\u021bi de genom " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Determinarea succesiunii nucleotidelor se poate realiza prin metoda:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Sanger ", "2. Meselson -Stahl ", "3. sondelor genetice ", "4. Denver " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La eucariote, transcrierea genelor poate fi:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. inhibat\u0103 sau activat\u0103 prin interven\u021bia ARNsn ", "2. activat\u0103 prin fosforilarea histonelor ", "3. inhibat\u0103 prin defosforilarea nonhistonelor ", "4. activa t\u0103 prin metilarea pirimidinelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Benzile a do i cromozomi omologi sunt identice, indiferent de:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. perechea din care fac parte ", "2. folosirea florocromului sau a solu\u0163iei Giemsa ", "3. celula \u00een care se observ\u0103 ace\u0219tia ", "4. restructur\u0103rile suferite de unul dintre ei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocia\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. gene homeotice \u2013 asigur\u0103 localizarea corect\u0103 a celulelor \u00een embrion ", "2. gene de \u00eentre\u021binere \u2013 se exprim\u0103 de -a lungul \u00eentregii ontogeneze ", "3. pseudogene \u2013 similare genelor structurale, dar inactivate prin muta\u021bii ", "4. gene mobile \u2013 \u00ee\u0219i pot schimba pozi\u021bia pe cromozomi diferi\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alcoolismul este un caracter:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. meristic ", "2. prag ", "3. continuu ", "4. poligenic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Procentul descenden\u0163ilor unui cuplu , \u00een care femeia prezint\u0103 sindrom oro -digito -facial \u00een form\u0103 heterozigot\u0103 \u0219i so\u0163 ul este s\u0103n\u0103tos, poate fi :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. 50% din fete s\u0103n\u0103toase ", "2. 50% din descenden\u021bi afecta\u021bi ", "3. 50% din b\u0103ie\u021bi afecta\u021bi ", "4. 100% descenden\u021bi afecta\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. pot acumula muta\u021bii la descenden\u021bi ", "2. sufer\u0103 muta\u021bii numai \u00een celulele sexuale ", "3. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 apoptoze ale celulelor cu muta\u021bii ", "4. determin\u0103 prin muta\u021bii leucemia cronic\u0103 mieloid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sistemul complement:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este reprezentat de totalitatea imunoglobulinelor ", "2. se activeaz\u0103 prin legarea fiec\u0103rei proteine de complexul antigen -anticorp ", "3. proteinele sale ci rcul\u0103 plasmatic \u00een form\u0103 activ\u0103 ", "4. include proteine care se af l\u0103 \u015fi \u00een lichidul intersti\u021bial " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura unei didezoxiribonucleozide cu timin\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. exist\u0103 dou\u0103 grup\u0103ri cetonice \u0219i o grupare fosfat ", "2. sunt 3 atomi de oxigen \u0219i 10 atomi de carbon ", "3. se afl\u0103 mai mul\u021bi atomi de azot dec\u00e2t \u00een cele cu citozin\u0103 ", "4. baza pirimidinic\u0103 se leag\u0103 prin N 3 de C 1\u2019 al pentozei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Capacitatea de memorare :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. scade sub ac\u021biunea poluan\u021bilor de tip de\u0219euri POP ", "2. este asociat\u0103 cu o gen\u0103 care se exprim\u0103 \u00een hipocamp ", "3. scade ca urmare a folosirii pesticidelor organofosforice ", "4. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de gena pentru catepsin a D, din cromozomul 6 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sterilitatea :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. poate fi indus\u0103 de manipularea pesticidelor organoclorurate ", "2. poate fi \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de anomalii cardiace la femeile cu 2n=45 ", "3. se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te \u0219i \u00een cazul femeilor Barr negative ", "4. se poate diagnostica \u0219i prin analiza Doppler " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cromozomul din perechea 14 :", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. are pe bra\u021bul q, gene responsabile de recunoa\u0219terea antigenelor TRA ", "2. \u00een urma dele\u021biei a peste 20 de gene, determin\u0103 apari\u021bia sindromului Wil liams ", "3. este implicat \u00een apari\u021bia limfomului Burkitt , al\u0103turi de cromozomul perechii 8 ", "4. are m\u0103rime mijlocie \u0219i constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 \u00een regiunea proximal\u0103 a bra\u021bului lung " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Oxizii de azot :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. blocheaz\u0103 procesul de transcriere a genelor la eucariote ", "2. pot cauza boli degenerative ale sistemului nervos central ", "3. \u00eempreun\u0103 cu monoxidul de carbon, sunt precursori ai ozonului ", "4. sunt constituien\u021bi ai smogului fotochimic oxidant , ca \u0219i CO " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Boala Parkinson:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 de intoxica\u021bia cu mercur ", "2. este afe ctat\u0103 expresia genelor care codific\u0103 L -dopa ", "3. poate fi tratat\u0103 prin clonare terapeutic\u0103, cu celule stem ", "4. este o boal\u0103 a utoimun\u0103 ca \u0219i lupus erythe matosus " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dioxina :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. induce muta\u021bii care activeaz\u0103 protooncogenele ", "2. \u00een organismul uman are o remanen\u021b\u0103 de 7 ani ", "3. poate afecta tegumentul - cloracnee ", "4. are efect carcinogen mai puternic dec\u00e2t radia\u021biile X " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Asocia\u021bi tipu l de cancer cu tipul de restructur\u0103ri cromozomiale :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. rabdosarc om alveolar \u2013 transloca\u021bie - perechile 2 \u0219i 13 ", "2. carcinom cervical \u2013 trisomie 20 ", "3. melanom - dele\u021bie cromozom din perechea 9 ", "4. leucemia c ronic\u0103 limfocitar\u0103 \u2013 monosomie 12 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Dinamica popula\u021biilor \u0163 \u0103rilor europene dezvoltate a cunoscut patru stadii:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. natalitatea \u0219i mortalitatea constante \u2013 stadiul 3 ", "2. mortalitatea \u00een sc\u0103dere, natalitatea mare \u2013 stadiul 2 ", "3. mortalitatea mic\u0103, natalitatea \u00een sc\u0103dere \u2013 stadiul 1 ", "4. natalitatea \u0219i mortalitatea mici \u2013 stadiul 4 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Soldul/ sporul natural al popula\u021biei :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se calculeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 formula: Rn - Rm ", "2. are valori negative \u00een Rom\u00e2nia ", "3. al\u0103turi de cel migrator indic\u0103 dinamica popula\u021biei ", "4. are valori mai mari \u00een Africa dec\u00e2t \u00een Europa " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Testul cromatinei sexuale se poate face :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. doar pe celule recoltate \u00een cel de -al doilea trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "2. pe celule extrase prin biopsia de corion , \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na 9 de sarcin\u0103 ", "3. numai \u00een primele 24 h de la prelevarea celulelor fetale, prin tehnica FISH ", "4. \u00een stadiile timpurii ale embriogenezei, pentru stabilirea sex ratio primar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prima gen\u0103 structural\u0103 a operonului lac de la Escherichia coli :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este inactivat\u0103 direct de produsul final al c\u0103ii metabolice ", "2. con\u021bine informa\u021bia pentru sinteza \u03b2 galactozidazei ", "3. la nivel cromozomial se afl\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bie diametral opus\u0103 genei glnA ", "4. se invecineaz\u0103 cu gena y, care codific\u0103 permeaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. au lan\u021buri \u201eH\u201d de tip: miu, delta, kappa, epsilon, alpha ", "2. cele 5 tipuri, reprezint\u0103 20 % din proteinele plasmatice ", "3. pot reac\u021biona specific cu maxim 100 de antigene diferite ", "4. sunt codificate de gene care sufer\u0103 rearanj\u0103ri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Referitor la FIV, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. rata de sarcin\u0103 mul tipl\u0103 este de circa 50 % ", "2. s-a practicat prima dat\u0103 acum 24 de ani ", "3. probabilitatea de sarcin\u0103 este de maxim 30 % ", "4. incubarea zigo\u021bilor se face timp de 48 \u201396 de ore " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Neoplasmul mamar:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. apare \u0219i la persoanele de sex masculin ", "2. poate implica o gen\u0103 din cromozomul 13 ", "3. poate fi asociat cu cancerul ovarian ", "4. este a doua cauz\u0103 de deces \u00een America " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La Mycoplasma capricol um:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. ribozomi i au subunitatea mare de 5 0 S ", "2. glutamina este codificat\u0103 de codonii UAA \u0219i U GA ", "3. codonul UGA determin\u0103 pozi\u021bia triptofan ului ", "4. ADN -ul es te asociat cu nucleosomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La ADN -ul de tip B, scobitura mare:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 un diametru de 23 A ", "B. con\u021bine 12 perechi de baze azotate ", "C. este locul de ac\u021biune a factorilor mutageni ", "D. nu are contact cu proteinele materialului genetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ambiguitatea c odului genetic reprezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. existen\u021ba unor excep\u021bii de la universalitate ", "B. un codon poate codifica mai mul\u021bi am inoacizi ", "C. existen\u021b a a doar doi codoni START \u0219i a trei codoni STOP ", "D. un aminoacid este codificat de mai mul\u021bi codoni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Un ribozom :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine 2/3 proteine \u0219i 1/3 ARNr ", "B. are cca 80 de proteine \u0219i 80 % din A RN-ul celular ", "C. \u00ee\u0219i pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 situsul A spre cap\u0103tul 5' al moleculei de ARNm ", "D. prezint\u0103 ARN 2 8S ce intr\u0103 \u00een structura peptidil -transferazei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Viroizii:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sunt imp lica\u021bi \u00een procese de parasexualitate ", "B. au un genom segmentat ", "C. pot avea por\u021biuni bicatenare ", "D. sunt structuri izocapsidice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Doisprezece nucleosomi:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin 24 de molecule de tip H1 ", "B. formeaz\u0103 2 tururi de spir\u0103 ale fibrei de 30 nm ", "C. con\u021bin 12 spire de ADN \u00een jurul lor ", "D. se pot compacta cu ajutorul a 2 kinetocori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La eucariote, \u00een reglajul genetic al transcrip\u021biei :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. fragmentul TATA este recunoscut de ARNsn ", "B. promoto rul leag\u0103 ARN -polimeraza apoi factorii de transcrip\u021bie ", "C. se fosforileaz\u0103 ARN -polimeraza II permi\u021b\u00e2 nd transcrip\u021bia ", "D. proteine activatoare cupleaz\u0103 intensificatorul la codonul START " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tehnica PCR:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. se deosebe\u0219te de replicarea in vivo prin num\u0103rul de enzime necesare ", "B. necesit\u0103 un amplificator ce men\u021bine constant\u0103 temperatura ", "C. se bazeaz\u0103 pe instabilitatea termic\u0103 a polimerazei Taq ", "D. identific\u0103 restricte pentru ob\u021binerea organismelor transgenice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Procentul de crossing -overe \u00eentr -o pereche de cromozomi omologi :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. este invers propor\u021bional cu distan\u021ba dintre gene le respective ", "B. confirm\u0103 legile mendeliene de transmitere a caracterelor ", "C. este mai mare la cromozomii femeilor dec\u00e2t la cromozomii b\u0103rba\u021bilor ", "D. exprim\u0103 distan\u021ba dintre gene \u00een unit\u0103\u021bi numite kilomorgani " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Interferonii:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. cele mai multe tipuri sunt codificate de cromozomul 12 ", "B. pot f i sintetiza\u021bi de virusuri \u0219i bacterii ", "C. din tipul 2 distrug celule canceroase sau parazitate ", "D. sunt un tip de interleukine cu durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 nelimitat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Transloca\u021biile:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 numai \u00eentre telomerele a doi cromozomi ", "B. se pot solda cu schimb nereciproc al unor gene ", "C. pot duce la apari\u021bia unor gene himere antioncogene ", "D. sunt cauza meningiomului \u0219i a neuroblastomului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00ce n reglajul posttransla\u021bional, proteinele ce urmeaz\u0103 a fi degradate, sunt atacate mai \u00eent\u00e2i de:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. histamin\u0103 ", "B. citokine ", "C. proteosomi ", "D. ubicvitin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "O molecul \u0103 de ARNm nociv poate fi recunoscut\u0103 de c\u0103tre :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. ARN -i ", "B. ARN XIST ", "C. ARNsn ", "D. ARNsno " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Precipita\u021biile acide:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. sunt determinate de acumul\u0103ri de monoxid de carbon ", "B. \u00eempiedic\u0103 absorb\u021bia metalelor toxice de c\u0103tre plante ", "C. \u00eenlocuiesc elementele nutritive din sol cu protoni ", "D. determin\u0103 deschiderea st omatelor prin care intr\u0103 ozon " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen electroforeza ADN :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se separ\u0103 numai moleculele cu acelea\u0219i dimensiuni ", "B. probele migreaz\u0103 spre polul pozitiv ", "C. primerii se ata\u015feaz\u0103 la secven\u0163a original\u0103 ", "D. viteza migr\u0103rii depin de de sarcina electric\u0103 a fragmentelor de ADN " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La o persoan\u0103 albinotic\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. cantitatea de melanin\u0103 din tegument este de 11% ", "B. straturile epidermei nu au melanocite ", "C. gena mutant\u0103 se transmite pe linie matern\u0103 ", "D. tirozina se transform\u0103 \u00een acid homogentisic \u0219i hormoni tiroidieni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cel mai mare grad de de\u0219ertificare a ariilor agricole terestre se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te \u00een :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. America de Sud ", "B. Africa ", "C. Australia ", "D. Asia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la cercet\u0103rile realizate de Alfred Hersley \u0219i Martha Chase:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. proteinele virale au fost marcate cu izotopul 32P ", "B. au fost utilizate dou\u0103 tulpini de pneumococi ", "C. bacteriofagii T4 au fost marca\u021bi radioactiv ", "D. noua genera\u021bie de bacteriofagi con\u021binea 32P " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Modelarea homeoloag\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. are la baz\u0103 similaritatea dintre o protein\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i una necunoscut\u0103 ", "B. este o metod\u0103 care red\u0103 structura ADN -ului pe baza proteine i codificate ", "C. are la baz\u0103 utilizarea unui num\u0103r mare de enzime cu func\u021bii diferite ", "D. permite separarea moleculelor \u00een func\u021bie de masa lor molecular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Operonul trp de la bacteria Escherichia coli sufer\u0103 urm\u0103toarele influen\u021be:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. este activat de acumularea \u00een mediu a substan\u021bei ce urmeaz\u0103 a fi metabolizat\u0103 ", "B. este inactivat prin cuplarea represorului activ cu operatorul ", "C. are activ itate redus\u0103 \u00een absen\u021ba triptaminei din mediul de cultur\u0103 ", "D. activitatea l ui este blocat\u0103 dac\u0103 izoleucina sintetizat\u0103 este \u00een exces " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Primul reprezentant al speciei Homo sapiens s apiens \u00een Europa a fost:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. Omul de Cro -Magnon ", "B. Homo sapiens arhaicus ", "C. Homo habilis ", "D. Homo sapiens " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bolile monogenice:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. majoritatea se manifest\u0103 la v\u00e2rste \u00eenaintate ", "B. se transmit conform legilor mendeliene ", "C. includ luxa\u021bia congenital\u0103 de \u0219old ", "D. sunt co ndi\u021bionate de v\u00e2rsta p\u0103rin\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ADN -ul linear este caracteristic pentru :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. Haemophilus ", "B. Pseudomonas ", "C. Anabaena ", "D. E.coli tulpina K12 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Elementele genetice mobile:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. intensific\u0103 exprimarea antioncogenelor normale ", "B. pot activa gena BRCA1, \u00een cancerul hepatic ", "C. se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een genomul virus ului hepatitei B ", "D. exist\u0103 \u0219i sub form\u0103 de retrotranspozoni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Modelul dispersiv ale replic\u0103rii ADN se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. catena parental\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eentotdeauna intact\u0103 ", "B. una dintre catene se formeaz\u0103 de novo ", "C. catenele formate con\u021bin AD N vechi \u0219i ADN nou ", "D. ADN -ul se formeaz\u0103 prin crossing -overe succesive " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Maladia Huntington:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este o boal\u0103 autozomal\u0103 recesiv\u0103 manifestat\u0103 la ambele sexe ", "B. bolnavii prezint\u0103, printre alte m anifest\u0103ri, depresie sever\u0103 ", "C. se transmite numai la fete dac\u0103 mama este bolnav \u0103 ", "D. pentru a se manifesta, ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 fi e purt\u0103tori ai genei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ecosistemele terestr e pot fi :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. naturale - nu sunt capabile de autoreglare ", "B. antropogene - au fost create de om ", "C. seminaturale - nu necesit \u0103 management ", "D. biotice - nu sunt influen\u021bate de om " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Hipogonadismul este simptom caracteristic pentru :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. sindromul Rett ", "B. sindromul Jacobs ", "C. boala Hunter ", "D. sindromul Klinefelter " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. pot facilita diferen\u021bierea celular \u0103 ", "B. devin active prin muta\u021bii acumulate ", "C. sunt alele mutante domina nte ale unor gene celulare ", "D. au rol \u00een repara rea leziunilor moleculei de ADN " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Proteinele non -histonice:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. sunt \u00een cantitate mai mare dec\u00e2t histonele ", "B. asigur \u0103 stabilitatea nucleosomilor \u00een fibra de 30 nm ", "C. au rol \u00een exprimarea genelor ", "D. prin fosforilare scad rata de transcriere " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Factorii edafici:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt poluan\u021bi fizici ", "B. influen\u0163eaz\u0103 produc\u021bia primar\u0103 ", "C. compun biocenozele ", "D. se determin\u0103 cu anemometrul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Istoria biologiei a cunoscut numeroase momente importante, precum:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. George Church a determinat caracterul triplet al codului genetic ", "2. Gheorghe Benga a descoperit aquaporina ", "3. Fleming \u0219i Arnold au stabilit formula cromozomial\u0103 uman\u0103 2n=46 ", "4. Kary Mullis a inventat tehnica PCR " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ARN polimeraza III intervine \u00een :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. formarea fragmentelor Okazaki ", "2. sinteza moleculelor de ARNsn ", "3. formarea primer -ului ARN \u00een replicare ", "4. transcrip\u021bie la eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Bacteriofagii din grupul T:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 gazda s\u0103 le sintetizeze propriul ARNr ", "2. con\u021bin 5-hidroxi -metil -citozin\u0103 ", "3. au ADN bicatenar protejat de o capsid\u0103 de 65 \u00b5 m ", "4. pot ataca celulele de Escherichia coli " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021biile corecte :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. cromozomii procariote lor se pot asocia cu proteine bazice ", "2. ADN poate avea form\u0103 linear\u0103 la bacterii ", "3. \u00een mitocondrii anumi\u021bi codoni au alt\u0103 semnifica\u021bie dec\u00e2t \u00een nucleu ", "4. informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 este \u00eentotdeauna copiat\u0103 de la o molecul\u0103 de ADN " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Activarea catene lor polipeptidice se poate realiza prin:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. ad\u0103ugarea unor grup\u0103ri fosfat ", "2. procese de glicozilare ", "3. digest ia par\u021bial\u0103 a moleculei ", "4. formarea de leg\u0103turi intra - \u0219i intercatenare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cele 24 de tipuri de cromozomi umani difer\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. succesiunea de nucleotide con\u021binute ", "2. gradul de condensare a cromatinei ", "3. luminozitatea \u0219i nuan\u021ba benzilor ", "4. num\u0103rul de bra\u021be q con\u021binute " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Raportul de segregare mendelian se p\u0103streaz\u0103 la transmiterea urm\u0103toarelor caractere :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. forma ochilor ", "2. grupele de s\u00e2nge ", "3. gropi\u021ba mentonier\u0103 ", "4. culoarea p\u0103rului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine gene pentru ARNr \u0219i pentru ARNt ", "2. este repr ezentat de o molecul\u0103 de ADN/ celul\u0103 ", "3. are codoni pentru metionin\u0103 ce codific\u0103 izoleucin\u0103 \u00een nucleu ", "4. prezint\u0103 93% material genetic repetitiv " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Inteligen\u021ba uman\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. are o heritabilitate de aproximativ 30% ", "2. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de gene ce codific\u0103 proteine de membran\u0103 ", "3. este un caracter continuu \u0219i meristic ", "4. este determinat\u0103 de gene situate pe cromozomul X " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. recunosc antigene prezentate de macrofage ", "2. pot produce anumite tipuri de interferon ", "3. au pe supra fa\u021ba lor receptori pentru antigeni ", "4. prin interleukin\u0103 active az\u0103 complexul C1 a l complementului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen cel ulele unui pui de g\u0103in\u0103 infectat cu virusul sarcomului Rous :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. genele pentru proteinele capsidei devin oncogene ", "2. gena src poate fi preluat\u0103 de genomul viral ", "3. genele pentru reverstranscriptaz\u0103 sunt inhibate ", "4. oncogena viral\u0103 prelu at\u0103 se exprim\u0103 \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 celul\u0103 gazd\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen replicarea materialului genetic:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. se produc pierderi de nucleotide la capetele cromozomilor ", "2. \u00een \u00eenl\u0103turarea erorilor intervin enzime precum ADN -topoizomeraze ", "3. instabilitatea microsateli\u021bilo r afecteaz \u0103 repar area postreplicativ\u0103 ", "4. afectarea repar\u0103rii postreplicative poate fi o consecin\u021b\u0103 a imunodeficien\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tehnica band\u0103rii:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. permite realizarea h\u0103r\u0163ilor genetice ", "2. eviden\u021biaz\u0103 benzile C, de reversie fa\u021b\u0103 de benzile T ", "3. folose\u015fte cromozomii metafa zici din hematii ", "4. cu florocrom coloreaz\u0103 secven\u0163e \u00een care predomin\u0103 A -T " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 o femeie \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 are peste 40 de ani:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. cre\u015fte riscul de a avea un copil cu trisomie autozomal\u0103 ", "2. este interzis\u0103 biopsia \u021besutului corionic ", "3. este oportun diagnosticul prenatal ", "4. ultrasunetele au efecte teratogene demonstrate asupra f\u0103tului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Diminuarea stratului de ozon este produs\u0103 de substan\u021be precum:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. cloroformul ", "2. metil -bromura ", "3. clorofluorocarbura ", "4. vaporii de ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Supraexploatarea ecosistemelor afecteaz\u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. interac\u0163iunile interspecifice ", "2. efectivele popula\u0163iilor ", "3. biodiversitatea ", "4. variabilitatea genetic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Interferonii:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. apar\u021bin unei clase de glicoproteine de dimensiuni mici ", "2. modific\u0103 reac\u021biile imunologice ale organismului ", "3. ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 direct asupra celulei infectate ", "4. sunt sintetiza\u021bi de gene de pe cromozomii 9 \u0219i 12 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigeni ai limfocitelor T:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. sunt po lipeptide cu structuri dimerice ", "2. genele lor sunt local izate pe cromozomii 1, 7 \u0219i 14 ", "3. recunosc fragmentele epitopice numai dac\u0103 sunt legat e de MHC ", "4. posed\u0103 patru perechi de polipe ptide alfa, beta, gama \u0219i delta " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Genele pentru receptorii TRC se afl\u0103 pe cromozomii :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. 7 - gena pe ntru catena alfa ", "2. 1 - gena pentru catena delta ", "3. 14 - gena pentru catena delta ", "4. 14 - gena pentru catena alfa " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mastocitele:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00een mare parte prezente \u00een epiderm\u0103 ", "2. se g\u0103sesc \u00een \u021besutul conjunctiv al c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "3. au pe suprafa\u021ba lor imunoglobuline din clasa M ", "4. con\u021bin \u00een citoplasm\u0103 granule bogate \u00een histamin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglarea transcrip\u021biei la eucariote :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. exist\u0103 mai multe secven\u021be de ADN regla toare ", "2. are loc eucromat inizare a sau heterocromatinizare a ", "3. se poate ata\u0219a gruparea metil la citozin\u0103 ", "4. se degradeaz\u0103 moleculele de ARNm " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen transferul genelor se utilizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. endonucleaze ", "2. ADN -giraza ", "3. ADN -ligaz\u0103 ", "4. aminoacil -transferaza " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Terapia genic\u0103 cu celule stem este posi bil\u0103 deoarece :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. au capacitatea de a prolifera intens prin diviziuni mitotice ", "2. se pot diferen\u021bia \u00een celule \u00eenalt spec ializate ale diferitelor organe ", "3. majoritatea genelor lor nu sunt \u00ee nc\u0103 exprimate ", "4. sunt introduse u\u0219or \u00een organism folosind ca vectori lipozomii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la distribu\u021bia apei pe glob :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. 97,5% este reprezentat\u0103 de apa m\u0103ri lor \u0219i oceanelor ", "2. cea mai parte din apa dul ce este accesibil\u0103 organismelor ", "3. un procent de 2, 5% est e reprezentat de ap\u0103 dulce ", "4. nu influen\u021beaz\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea florei \u0219i faunei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ac\u021biuni le directe ale antr opiz\u0103rii mediilor naturale sunt :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. eroziunea solului \u0219i de\u0219ertificarea ", "2. distrugerea habi tatelor naturale ", "3. schimbarea microclimatului ", "4. determinarea migra\u021biei unor popula\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stadiile stabiliz\u0103rii popula\u021biilor din statele europene dezv oltate, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. \u00een stadiul 1 exist\u0103 valori ridicate ale n atalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i mo rtalit\u0103\u021bii ", "2. \u00een stadiul 2 rata mortalit \u0103\u021bii este \u00een sc\u0103dere ", "3. \u00een stadiul 3 natalitatea scade \u0219i se apropie de rata mortalit \u0103\u021bii ", "4. \u00een stadiul 4 mortalitatea \u0219i natalitatea s unt crescute \u0219i au valori egale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Proteinele serice ale sistemului complement:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. completeaz\u0103 a c\u021biunea exercitat\u0103 de anticorpi ", "2. circul \u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "3. prima prot ein\u0103 este activat\u0103 de un anticorp legat de antigen ", "4. contribuie la optimizarea bacteriilor \u00een vederea fagocit\u0103rii lor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Neustonul:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. este o component\u0103 a biotopului pelagic ", "2. este reprezentat de fitoplancton \u0219i zooplancton ", "3. formeaz\u0103 pelicula afla t\u0103 la zon a de contact ap\u0103 \u2013 aer ", "4. con\u021bine specii ca scobar ul, oblete le, boi\u0219teanul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ADN -helicaza intervine \u00een :", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. arhitectura cromozomului bacterian ", "2. func\u021bia autocatalitic\u0103 a ADN -ului ", "3. desprinderea histonelor de pe helix ", "4. ruperea leg\u0103turilor dintre catene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Num\u0103rul moleculelor de ap\u0103 el iminate la formarea unei trinucleotide, pornind de la cele 3 componente, este de:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. 3 ", "B. 6 ", "C. 7 ", "D. 8 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la distan\u021ba dintre cele dou\u0103 catene ale ADN:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este constant\u0103 \u00een toate tipurile de ADN ", "B. are o valoare de 3,4 nanometri ", "C. se modific\u0103 \u00een timpul transcrip \u0163iei ", "D. are o valoare de 0,34 nanometri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ARN -ul primer :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. favorizeaz\u0103 situarea ADN -polimerazei III pe locul de \u00eencepere a sintezei ADN -ului ", "B. determin\u0103 ruperea pun\u021bilor de hidrogen dintre bazele complementare ", "C. este descompus \u00een ultima etap\u0103 a sintezei \u0219i \u00eenlocui t cu ribonucleotide ", "D. este dispus de -a lungul catenei de ADN -matri\u021b\u0103 cu ajutorul ADN -polimerazei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Metabolizarea treoninei:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 exclusiv prin retroinhibi\u021bie enzimatic\u0103 ", "B. izoleucina \u00een exces poate bloca treonin -dezaminaza ", "C. implic\u0103 cinci produ\u0219i interme diari ", "D. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 exclusiv prin represie enzimatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Virusul care prezint\u0103 o anvelop\u0103 cu aspect membranos, este:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. bacteriofagul T2 ", "B. virusul mozaicului tutunului ", "C. virusul gripal ", "D. bactriofagul T4 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Didezoxiribonucleotidele:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. sunt larg utilizate \u00een cadrul s intezei genelor prin metoda PCR ", "B. permit ad\u0103ugarea de nucleotide la catena polinucleotidic\u0103 ", "C. nu se leag\u0103 \u00een pr ezen\u021ba enzimei Taq - polimeraza ", "D. sunt nucleotide ce con\u021bin hidrogen ata\u0219at la carbonul 3l " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul reglajului genetic, complexul H\u2019 \u2013 R :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. ac\u021bione az\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit asupra procesului de transla\u021bie ", "B. intervine \u00een procesul de selectare a moleculelor de ARN -m ", "C. se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00eentr -o anumit\u0103 regiune a fibrei de cromatin\u0103 ", "D. se formeaz\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba membranei plasmatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Efectorii alosterici:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. posed\u0103 locuri distin cte pentru legarea inductorilor \u0219i inhibitorilor ", "B. au conforma\u021bie fix\u0103 pe tot parcursul proceselor de reglaj genetic ", "C. favorizeaz\u0103 ata\u0219area represorului de substratul metabolic ", "D. c\u00e2nd se cupleaz\u0103 cu inductorul inhib\u0103 exprimarea genelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Microsateli\u021bii:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. sunt se cven\u021be repetitive de ARN ", "B. sunt utilza\u021bi ca markeri genetici ", "C. au o distribu\u021bie uniform\u0103 \u00een mitocondrii ", "D. au aceea\u0219i lungime la diferite specii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ARN -ul ribozomal are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este sintetizat \u00een citoplama celulei eucariote ", "B. con\u021bine aproximativ 77 - 87 nucleotide ", "C. se asociaz\u0103 cu 50 de molecule histonice ", "D. reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare cantitate de ARN celular " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Viroizii:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 autonom de celula gazd\u0103 ", "B. formeaz\u0103 superr\u0103suciri cu structur\u0103 complementar\u0103 ", "C. pot dob\u00e2ndi prin pliere structur\u0103 secundar\u0103 ", "D. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een fenomene de parasexualitate la plante " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Un poliribozom:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. este implicat \u00een transcrip\u021bia la procariote ", "B. decodific\u0103 materialul genetic al intronilor \u015fi exonilor ", "C. produce mai multe exemplare din ace ea\u0219i polipeptid\u0103 ", "D. este implicat \u00een reglajul pos ttranscrip\u0163ional " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "O persoan\u0103 poate avea p\u0103rul ro\u0219cat, ochii verzi \u0219i 15% melanin\u0103 \u00een piele, dac\u0103 are genotipul:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. MbwMbdR+R-EgrEgr p1p1p2p2 ", "B. MbdMbdR+R+EgrEblP1p1P2p2 ", "C. MbkMbwR+R- EgrEbl P1p1p2p2 ", "D. MbwMbdR+R+ EgrEgr p1p1P2p2 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie est e corect\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. cancerul mamar poate afecta ambele sexe ", "B. neurofibromatoza tip 2 afecteaz\u0103 nervul optic ", "C. melanomul malign are evolu\u021bie foarte lent\u0103 ", "D. femeile nu mai pot dezvolta cancer ovarian la 70 de ani " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Devine oncogen\u0103 printr -o muta\u021bie punctiform\u0103, gena:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. c-abl ", "B. c-ras ", "C. bcr ", "D. env " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "O transloca\u021bie \u00eentre cromozomul 8 \u0219i 14 determin\u0103 transform\u0103ri maligne ale:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. tuturor leucocitelor ", "B. limfocitelor B ", "C. limfocitelor T ", "D. trombocitelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Anticorpii:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. sunt produ\u0219i de plasmocite activate prin citokine ", "B. se grupeaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 cl ase cu respingere diferit\u0103 a grefelor ", "C. sunt forma\u021bi de celule care au un bogat con\u021binut lizozomal ", "D. au zone variabile la nivelul regiunilor active ale bra\u0163elor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Diverse tehnici de lucru necesit\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. didezoxiribonucleotide \u00een electroforez\u0103 ", "B. endonucleaze \u0219i r estricte \u00een transfer genic ", "C. ARN -polimeraza \u00een metoda Sanger ", "D. vectori \u0219i amorse \u00een polimerizarea \u00een lan\u021b " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen fertilizarea in vitro :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. rata apari\u021biei malforma\u021biilor este mai mare dec\u00e2t in vivo ", "B. se implanteaz\u0103 zigotul \u00een uter sau treimea distal\u0103 a trompelo r ", "C. rata de succes este mai mare la femeile de peste 40 de ani ", "D. procentul sarcinilor multiple, majoritatea gemelare, ajunge la 30% " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00centre speciile concurente se instaleaz\u0103 rela\u021bii:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. probiotice bilaterale ", "B. probiotice unilaterale ", "C. antibiotice bilaterale ", "D. antib iotice unilaterale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Embriotransferul:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. are loc la 24 h dup\u0103 fecunda\u021bia ovului \u00een trompa uterin\u0103 ", "B. se realizeaz\u0103 cu maxim 4 embrioni la femeile peste 35 de ani ", "C. determin\u0103 o rat\u0103 de apari\u021bie a triple\u021bilor de circa 1 % ", "D. embrionul timpuriu este implantat \u00een 1/3 superioar\u0103 a trompei lui Fallope " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigene cu structuri dimerice:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. se leag\u0103 de grup\u0103rile \"carrier\" ale antigenelor nonself ", "B. sunt codifica\u021bi de genele TRA \u0219i TRD dintr -un cromozom al grupei C ", "C. de tip BRC recunosc fragmentele epito pice ale HLA -I, \u00een testele RAL ", "D. se afl\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba unor celule, stimulate de antigenele HLA " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Mastocitele:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. pot elibera histamin\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba unor alergeni ca de exemplu, nichel ", "B. con\u021bin o globulin\u0103 denumit\u0103 \"ap\u0103r\u0103torul mucoaselor\", care leag\u0103 comp lementul ", "C. produc un r\u0103spuns imun mediat de Ig E, din structura nucleolemei ", "D. devin hiperactive \u00een boli ca scleroderma, lupus erythematosus " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia corect\u0103 referitoare la diverse boli \u0219i cauzele acestora:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. cloracnee \u2013 intoxica\u021bia cu metale gr ele ", "B. sindromul \"blue -baby \" \u2013 de\u0219eurile POP ", "C. febra dengue - \u021b\u00e2n\u021barul Anopheles ", "D. boala beri -beri \u2013 avitaminoza B " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Poliomielita \u0219i hepatita B:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. sunt cauzate de contaminarea mediului cu CFC de tipul atrazinului ", "B. pot fi tratate cu interferon gamma produs de fib roblaste ", "C. sunt cauzate de virusuri care au material genetic diferit ", "D. sunt boli infec\u021bioase ce se pot transmite prin \u0163\u00e2n\u0163ari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Persoanele cu sindrom Klinefelter:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 atrofie gonadal\u0103, care poate fi identificat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 ", "B. manifest\u0103 fenomen ul de compensa\u021bie de doz\u0103, ca \u0219i cele cu sindrom Jacobs ", "C. pot avea \u0219i mozaicism cromozomal, prin nondisjunc\u021bie mitotic\u0103 ", "D. au cromozomi supranumerari \u00een grupa C, ca \u0219i cele cu sindrom Patau " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre embrionii umani ob\u021binu\u021bi \"in vitro\" este adev\u0103rat, cu o excep\u021bi e:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin celule stem care pot fi folosite pentru tratamentul bolii Parkinson ", "B. sunt utiliza\u021bi ca surse de celule nediferen\u021biate, cu ritm intens de diviziune ", "C. \u00een stadiul de gastrul\u0103, pot fi surse pentru diverse clone tisulare ", "D. \u00een stadiul de 32 de celule, bl astomerele manifest\u0103 totipoten\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o p\u0103dure de conifere cu suprafa\u021ba de 3000 ha, exist\u0103 15.000 de pini, 33.000 de molizi \u0219i 64.000 de brazi. Care este abunden\u021ba molidului \u00een aceast\u0103 p\u0103dure \u0219i la ce valori ale frecven\u021bei lor speciile sunt consid erate accesorii :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. 29, 46 %; sub 25% ", "B. 41, 77 %; \u00eentre 50% \u0219i 25% ", "C. 29, 46 %; \u00eentre 25% \u0219i 50% ", "D. 41, 77 %; sub 25% " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Impactul antropic asupra ecosistemelor naturale a dus la:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. extinc\u021bia speciilor genului Streptopelia , din arhipelagul Galapagos ", "B. afectarea cultu rilor de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, de c\u0103tre ciuperca Phyloxera vitifolii ", "C. dispari\u021bia plantei Pueraria lobata , din flora Madagascarului ", "D. epidemia de malarie din Brazilia, transmis\u0103 de Anopheles gambiae " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ecosistemele unor \u021b\u0103ri europene au fost afectate de apari\u021bia unor specii noi originare din:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. insula Guam - \u0219arpele brun de copac ", "B. Africa \u2013 m\u00e2na maicii Domnului ", "C. Australia \u2013 castorii ", "D. America \u2013 ciuma apelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre bandarea cromozomal\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se pot eviden\u021bia cel mult 800 de benzi \u00een cromozomii umani ", "2. benzile Q \u0219i cele \u00een care predomin\u0103 nucleotidele cu A -T se suprapun ", "3. se pot folosi de obicei cromozomi metafazici din monocite ", "4. \u00een cazul sindromului \u2033Cri du chat\u2033 lipsesc benzi din cromozomul 5p " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00centr -un cariotip normal cromozomii:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. din pe rechea a 4 -a sunt submetacentrici ", "2. din perechea a 11 -a sunt mai mari dec\u00e2t X ", "3. din perechea a 11 -a sunt metacentrici ", "4. din perechea a 4 -a au dou\u0103 regiuni pe bra\u021bul q " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sindromul Rett este o boal\u0103 dominant\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 dezvoltarea SN C ", "2. talasemia este o hemoglobinopatie monogenic\u0103 recesiv\u0103, frecvent\u0103 \u00een Asia ", "3. indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter pot avea \u0219i modific\u0103ri numerice - 48, XXXY ", "4. fibroza chistic\u0103 este o maladie recesiv\u0103, cu simptomatologie pulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Protooncogenele pot fi act ivate prin:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. muta\u021bii induse de dioxin\u0103, raze UV, raze gamma ", "2. inser\u021bia lor \u00een structura unei \"gene s\u0103ritoare\" apar\u021bin\u00e2nd promotorului ", "3. translocarea l\u00e2ng\u0103 un promotor care le intensific\u0103 transcrip\u021bia ", "4. muta\u021bii produse de papovirusuri, ca de exemplu, VSR " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Afecteaz\u0103 sistemul nervos:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. intoxica\u021biile cu mercur \u0219i plumb ", "2. pesticidele organofosforice \u0219i POP ", "3. acidul valproic \u0219i antagoni\u0219ti ai acidului folic ", "4. excesul de fluor din ap\u0103, \u00een cazul f\u0103tului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Gena pentru factorul IX al coagul\u0103rii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. X-linkat\u0103, determin \u0103 prin muta\u021bie hemofilia B ", "2. poate fi identificat\u0103 \u00een \u021besutul corionic al f\u0103tului ", "3. poate fi inserat\u0103 \u00een ADN -ul hepatocitelor prin vectorul AAV ", "4. prin muta\u021bie punctiform\u0103, poate genera hemofilia A " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Este maladie autozomal\u0103 datorat\u0103 muta\u021biei unei gene:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. localizate \u00een bra\u021bul lung al cromozomului 9 - distonia ", "2. punctiforme, cu penetran\u021b\u0103 incomplet\u0103 \u2013 boala Marfan ", "3. care afecteaz\u0103 dezvoltarea scheletului \u2013 hipofosfatazemia ", "4. dominante din cromozomul 15 \u2013 sindromul oro -digito -facial " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. unui fragment d in cromozomul 15q, determin\u0103 sindromul Prader Willi ", "2. 3p; 9p; 17p este asociat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia cancerului pulmonar ", "3. poate fi o muta\u021bie genic\u0103 sau o muta\u021bie cromozomal\u0103 ", "4. poate fi t erminal\u0103 sau intercalar\u0103, ca \u0219i fuziunea cromozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen toate moleculele de A DN bicatenar:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. A+C=T+G ", "2. A+T/G+C=1 ", "3. A+G=T+C ", "4. A+T=G+C " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Formarea leg\u0103turii peptidice \u00een transla\u021bie este catalizat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. enzima peptidil -transferaza ", "2. subunitatea mic\u0103 ribozomal\u0103 ", "3. molecula de ARN 28S ", "4. factorii de ini\u0163iere " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la eucariote:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. acetilarea histonelor determin\u0103 interac\u0163iunea cu ADN -ul ", "2. oxizii de azot \u00eempiedic\u0103 exprimarea unor gene pe termen lung ", "3. absen\u021ba non -histonelor determin\u0103 heterocromatinizarea ", "4. acetilarea non -histonelor ini\u021biaz\u0103 transcrip\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomul 7 con\u021bine gene implicate \u00een exprimarea:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. unor tipuri de interferon ", "2. receptorilor pentru antigene ", "3. antigenelor de histocompatibilitate ", "4. comportamentului de hipersocializare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "La o celul\u0103 canceroas\u0103 se pot observa:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. colapsul cromatinei pe fa\u021ba intern\u0103 a membranei nucleare ", "2. schimb\u0103ri la nivelul suprafe\u021bei interne a plasmalemei ", "3. fragmentarea nucleului \u0219i formarea corpilor apoptotici ", "4. regiuni amplificate, regiuni colorate omogen, cromozomi d-min " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Antigenele sunt recunoscute:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. datorit\u0103 unor recepto ri dimerici ", "2. de c\u0103tre limfocitele T \u0219i B ", "3. dup\u0103 prelucrarea de c\u0103tre macrofage ", "4. de complement, dup\u0103 legarea de un anticorp " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Pot fi supuse analizei genetice urm\u0103toarele probe biologice:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. \u021besutul corionic ob\u021binut prin biopsie ", "2. mediul de cultur\u0103 al celulelor fe tale ", "3. lichidul amniotic ", "4. cromozomii extra\u0219i prin punc\u021bie ombilical\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen terapia hemofiliei B:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. se folose\u0219te lapte de la ovine care produc proteina deficitar\u0103 ", "2. se ob\u021bin celule umane ce pot sintetiza factorul XI al coagul\u0103rii ", "3. gena este inserat\u0103 \u00eentr -un vect or viral AAV introdus \u00een mu\u0219chi \u0219i ficat ", "4. se folosesc plasmide recombinate cu gena pentru hemoglobina normal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Ecosistemele urbane sunt caracterizate de:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. reducerea diversit\u0103\u0163ii factorilor biotici ", "2. prezen\u0163a descompun\u0103torilor care recicleaz\u0103 materia ", "3. import masiv de energie din alte surse ", "4. produc\u0103tori chemosintetici ca baz\u0103 a lan\u021butilor trofice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Printre consecin\u021bele impactului antropic asupra ecosistemelor se num\u0103r\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. introducerea de specii noi \u00een Galapagos a crescut biodiversitatea zonei ", "2. defri\u0219area cre\u0219t e umiditatea atmosferic\u0103 favoriz\u00e2nd inunda\u021biile ", "3. p\u0103\u0219unatul excesiv favorizeaz\u0103 eroziunea solului cresc\u00e2ndu -i capilaritatea ", "4. pescuitul necorespunz\u0103tor determin\u0103 regresia taliei pe\u0219tilor captura\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Antigenele de histocompatibilitate:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. confer\u0103 individualit ate biochimic\u0103 fiec\u0103rui organism ", "2. se comport\u0103 ca antigene majore \u00een organismul receptor de gref\u0103 ", "3. au fost identifcate pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een membrana leucocitelor ", "4. sunt codificate de mai multe gene situate pe cromozomul 6 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Terapia genic\u0103 presupune:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. introd ucerea genelor s\u0103n\u0103toase \u00een locul celor anormale ", "2. utilizarea unor vectori naturali de tipul virusurilor ", "3. inserarea vectorilor \u00een genomul celulei gazd\u0103 ", "4. utilizarea exclusiv\u0103 a celulelor somatice " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Autoimunitatea:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 un r\u0103spuns la antigenele care p \u0103trund \u00een organism ", "2. este determinat\u0103 de existen\u021ba unor muta\u021bii somatice ", "3. este un tip de imunitate pasiv\u0103 dob\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een cursul vie\u021bii ", "4. presupune formarea unui antigen anormal, ca urmare a unei muta\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fluxul de energie prin ecosistem se caracterizeaz\u0103 p rin:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. trecerea energiei de la produc\u0103tori la consumatori ", "2. sc\u0103derea eficien\u021bei asimil\u0103rii hranei de la produc\u0103tori, c\u0103tre consumatorii zoofagi ", "3. cre\u015fterea energiei eliminate, prin respira\u021bie, de la produc\u0103tori spre consumatori ", "4. stocarea energiei luminoase \u00een pro duc\u021bia primar\u0103 brut\u0103 a consumatorilor fitofagi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Clonarea terapeutic\u0103:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. um\u0103re\u0219te ob\u021binerea unui individ identic cu cel al organismului donator ", "2. este o metod\u0103 utilizat\u0103 frecvent \u00een cazul cuplurilor infertile ", "3. este folosit\u0103 pentru crearea unei baze de celu le \u015fi \u021besuturi pentru transplant ", "4. este o metod\u0103 care se practic\u0103 \u00een al doilea trimestru al sarcinii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sistemul complement are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este format din proteine care circul\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "2. C1 se leag\u0103 de complexul anticorp -antigen ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura dintre mecanismele de ap\u0103rare specifice \u0219i nespecifice ", "4. completeaz\u0103 ac\u021biunea de distrugere exercitat\u0103 de anticorpi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Substan\u021bele care determin\u0103 diminuarea stratului de ozon sunt:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. clorofluorocarbura ", "2. detergen\u021bii ", "3. metil -bromur a ", "4. antibioticele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Interferonul de tip gamma:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. este secretat de unele limfocite ", "2. are ac\u021biune antitumoral\u0103 ", "3. cre\u0219te capacitatea fagocitar\u0103 a macrofagelor ", "4. este produs exclusiv de fibroblaste " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Capacitatea limfocitelor B de a sintetiza un num\u0103r mare de t ipuri de imunoglobuline se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. modific\u0103rii ADN -ului prin recombinare genetic\u0103 somatic\u0103 ", "2. subunit\u0103\u021bilor structurale din alc\u0103tuirea catenelor polipeptidice ", "3. existen\u021bei c\u00e2torva sute de mii de segmente de gene pentru regiunea V ", "4. muta\u021biilor somatice puncti forme care afecteaz\u0103 domeniile constante ale genelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Fluturele negru este agentul transmi\u021b\u0103tor pentru:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. filarioza limfatic\u0103 ", "2. leichmaniaz\u0103 ", "3. schistosomiaz\u0103 ", "4. onchocercoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Retrotranspozonii sunt frag mente de :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. ADN ", "B. ARN ", "C. proteine ", "D. lipide " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Prin acetilare, histonele:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. stopeaz\u0103 transcrierea unor gene ", "B. dob\u00e2ndesc sarcin\u0103 negativ\u0103 ", "C. se pot asocia \u00een nucleosomi ", "D. spiralizeaz\u0103 ADN -ul \u00eentr -un solenoid " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Genele care determin\u0103 diferen\u021bierea normal\u0103 a celulelor \u0219i p ozi\u021bia lor corect\u0103 \u00een embrion se numesc :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. homeotice ", "B. mobile ", "C. ortoloage ", "D. paraloage " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "O gen\u0103 pozi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een Xq24 se afl\u0103 \u00een :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. regiunea 4 ", "B. banda 4 ", "C. banda 2 ", "D. regiunea 24 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este o tumor\u0103 benign\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. retinoblastomul ", "B. meningiomul ", "C. neuroblastomul ", "D. sarcomul Ewing " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen molecula de ADN de tip B:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. diametrul unei baze azotate pirimidinice este de 1 nm ", "B. diametrul unei nucleoside este de 2 nm ", "C. spa\u021biul intracatenar dintre baze azotate al\u0103turate este de 0,34 nm ", "D. unghiul bazelor azotate fa\u021b\u0103 de orizontal\u0103 este de 20\u00b0 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referito r la ARN:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. prin asamblarea exonilor la eucariote se constituie structura sa secundar\u0103 ", "B. ARNr 28S prezint\u0103 o secven\u021b\u0103 de recunoa\u0219tere a codonului AUG ", "C. codonul \u0219i anticodonul fac parte din structura primar\u0103 a ARNt ", "D. aminoacidul se leag\u0103 printr -o leg\u0103tur\u0103 esteric\u0103 de catena ARNt " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ac\u021biunea unor enzime asupra materialului genetic bacterian poate avea urm\u0103torul efect:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. ribonucleaz\u0103 \u2013 molecula de ADN \u00ee\u0219i pierde capacitatea de pliere ", "B. endonucleaze - creaz\u0103 buclele de replica\u021bie \u00een cromozom ", "C. ADN -polimeraza Taq \u2013 cre\u0219te viteza de replicare a ADN -ului ", "D. ADN -giraza \u2013 deta\u0219eaz\u0103 nucleoidul de membrana celular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Heterocromatina este o stare a materialului genetic:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. care \u00eempiedic\u0103 replicarea, dar permite transcrip\u021bia ", "B. determinat\u0103 \u0219i de metilarea bazelor azotate ", "C. specific\u0103 neuron ului, datorit\u0103 \u00eencet\u0103rii diviziunii sale ", "D. ce apare prin pierderea unor segmente cromozomiale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen tehnicile de bandare cromozomial\u0103, benzile:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Q - se ob\u021bin prin colorare cu fluorocrom ", "B. T - specific e zonelor \u00een care predomin\u0103 timina ", "C. R - luminoase coincid c u cele G luminoase ", "D. C - sunt la capetele cromozom ilor metacentrici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre recombinarea genetic\u0103 intracromozomial\u0103 se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. rata sa este direct propor\u021bional\u0103 cu distan\u021ba la care se afl\u0103 genele implicate ", "B. se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre dou\u0103 benzi colorat e identic apar\u021bin\u00e2nd la doi cromozomi neomologi ", "C. este m\u0103surat\u0103 \u00een centimorgani - distan\u021ba \u00eentre dou\u0103 gene translocate ", "D. are cea mai mare frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00een zonele centromerilor cromozomilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen arborele genealogic, consangvinizarea este reprezentat\u0103 printr -un c erc \u0219i un p\u0103trat:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. unite printr -o linie orizontal\u0103 ", "B. \u00eenscris unul \u00een cel\u0103lalt ", "C. unite prin dou\u0103 linii paralele ", "D. \u00eentre dou\u0103 paranteze p\u0103trate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Gena BRCA2:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. este localizat\u0103 pe cromozomul 9 ", "B. este implicat\u0103 \u00een neoplasmul mamar la b\u0103rba\u021bi ", "C. st\u0103 la baza melanomulu i malign tegumentar ", "D. poate determina neoplasme ale nevrogliilor la femei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Nectonul poate fi reprezentat de:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. alge verzi \u0219i alge albastre ", "B. rotifere \u0219i copepode ", "C. oble\u021bi \u0219i scobari ", "D. bacterii \u0219i diatomee " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. B ajut\u0103 limfocitele T helper s\u0103 devi n\u0103 T killer ", "B. T reglatoare secret\u0103 imunoglobuline ", "C. T supresoare resping grefele de \u0163esut str\u0103in ", "D. T efectoare determin\u0103 procese citotoxice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Este plant\u0103 pe cale de dispari\u021bie:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. Lonicera japonica , din arhipelagul Galapagos ", "B. Alecelephus baselaphus , din Africa ", "C. Protea cyanoroides , din Madagascar ", "D. Lantana camara, din Noua Caledonie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivelul ADN -ului, proteinele SSB:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. se asociaz\u0103 cu 2, 6 oxipirimidina ", "B. repar\u0103 erorile postreplicative ", "C. \u00eempiedic\u0103 formarea pun\u021bilor de hidrogen ", "D. se complexeaz\u0103 cu ADN -ligaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ind ica\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 dintre factorii teratogeni chimici \u0219i efectele lor:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. vitamina A \u0219i acidul azotos -sindrom retinoid fetal ", "B. dioxina \u0219i warfarinul - phocomelie ", "C. acidul valproic \u0219i antagoni\u0219tii acidului folic -malforma\u021bii ale SNC ", "D. toxoplasma \u0219i radia\u021biile X - microcefalie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Afecteaz\u0103 vederea \u0219i creierul urm\u0103toarea maladie metabolic\u0103 recesiv\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. retinoblastomul ", "B. maladia Tay -Sachs ", "C. neurofibromatoza ", "D. fenilcetonuria " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Apoptoza:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. are loc preponderent \u00een m\u0103duva hematopoietic\u0103 \u0219i ficat ", "B. implic\u0103 apari\u021bia de convolu\u021b ii pe suprafa\u021ba limfocitelor ", "C. presupune diviziuni de clivaj ale blastomerelor ", "D. este declan\u015fat\u0103 de monocitele activate de interleukin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomul X:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este \u00een dublu exemplar la indivizii cu sindrom Jacobs ", "B. are c\u00e2te dou\u0103 regiuni pe fiecare bra\u021b \u0219i gena G6PD \u00een pozi\u021bia q28 ", "C. se heterocromatinizeaz\u0103 ireversibil la persoanele cu sindrom Turner ", "D. con\u021bine gena SRY, pe bra\u021bul lung, \u00een apropierea constric\u021biei secundare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Substan\u021be de tip CFC:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. au fost folosite ca pesticide, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu DDT -ul ", "B. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 boala Parki nson, ca \u0219i nitra\u021bii ", "C. au diminuat stratul de ozon, ca \u0219i metil -bromura ", "D. au efect teratogen, responsabil de surditate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Escherichia coli :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. are un genom ADN, a c\u0103rui secven\u021b\u0103 a fost descifrat\u0103 \u00een 1995 ", "B. con\u021bine un material genetic accesoriu, utilizat ca vector viral ", "C. are \u00een structura operonului lac gena z pentru permeaz\u0103 ", "D. poate fi atacat\u0103 de bacteriofagi care con\u021bin 5 -hidroxi -metilcitozin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre virusul herpesului este fals c\u0103:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. poate determina microcefalia congenital\u0103 ", "B. are \u00een compozi\u021bie baze azotate cu grup \u0103ri metil ", "C. genomul segmentat este protejat de capsid\u0103 ", "D. se poate afla \u0219i \u00een stadiu de virus vegetativ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Inteligen\u021ba:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de gene plasate \u00een cromozomi ai grupei C ", "B. are o heritabilitate de aproximativ 35% ", "C. este afectat\u0103 la indivizii cu gena S \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "D. este influen\u021bat\u0103 de num\u0103rul celulelor Schwann " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sfatul genetic se recomand\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele cazuri, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. tata are o transloca\u021bie nereciproc\u0103 ", "B. bunica sufer\u0103 de porfirie variegat\u0103 ", "C. mama a fost expus\u0103 la o doz\u0103 mare de radia\u021bii ", "D. bunic ul este purt\u0103toar de virus influenza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La nivelul furcii de replicare, molecula de ADN:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. a eucariotelor este complexat\u0103 cu ARN -giraza ", "B. a procariotelor este compactat\u0103 \u00een inele mari ", "C. se r\u0103suce\u0219te dextrogir, sub ac\u021biunea topoizomerazei ", "D. a procariotelor este s uperr\u0103sucit\u0103 negativ " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Insulina matur\u0103 con\u021bine:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. catenele A, B, C ", "B. trei leg\u0103turi disulfurice ", "C. secven\u021ba semnal ", "D. 52 de aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Genomul viral este format din:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. ribonucleotide, la virusul variolei ", "B. ADN circular bicatenar, la virusul simian SV40 ", "C. ARN mon ocatenar, la parvovirus ", "D. nucleotide cu timin\u0103, la bacteriofagul MS2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre factorul colicinogenic nu putem afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. poate fi utilizat \u00een tehnologia ADN recombinat ", "B. este un ADN bicatenar circular ", "C. are \u00een genom cel pu\u021bin 10 gene ", "D. poate fi transferat de la o celul\u0103 la alta " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sindromul Hunter, ca \u0219i sindromul Menkes :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. poate afecta ambele sexe ", "2. se asociaz\u0103 cu \u00eenapoiere mintal\u0103 ", "3. este X -linkat recesiv ", "4. poate fi tratat cu interferon \u03b2 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Se realizeaz\u0103 structura secundar\u0103 a:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. ARNt prin l eg\u0103turi de hidrogen care implic\u0103 uracilul ", "2. proteinelor prin plierea catenei polipeptidice ", "3. ARNr prin plierea catenei ribonucleotidice ", "4. acizilor nucleici prin reac\u021bii de polimerizare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Difrac\u0163ia cu raze X este o tehnic\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. a genomicii structurale, ca \u0219i analiza enzimatic\u0103 ", "2. utilizat\u0103 de Watson \u0219i Crick, pentru studiul ADN -ului in vivo ", "3. prin care s -a eviden\u021biat structura tridimensional\u0103 a mioglobinei ", "4. introdus\u0103 de Kary Mullis, la mijlocul sec. XX " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. inversiune \u00een perechea 12 - tumor\u0103 testicular\u0103 ", "2. dele\u021bie \u00een cromozomul 9 - melanom ", "3. trisomie 17 - cancer colorectal ", "4. dele\u021bie 22q - meningiom " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Baza azotat\u0103 5 metil -citozina:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. are gruparea CH3 \u00een aceea\u0219i pozi\u021bie ca \u0219i timina ", "2. este un mutagen care produce cloracnee ", "3. blocheaz\u0103 trans crip\u021bia ADN -ului la Tetrahymena sp . ", "4. sub ac\u021biunea HNO2 formez\u0103 hipoxantina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Trisomia 13 se deosebe\u0219te de sindromul Down prin:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. mecanismul de apari\u021bie a anomaliei cromozomiale ", "2. prezen\u021ba de malforma\u021bii ale scheletului \u0219i ale inimii ", "3. inciden\u021ba crescut\u0103 \u00een zo nele afectate de malarie ", "4. durata de via\u021b\u0103 a persoanelor bolnave " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomul din perechea 22:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine gena NF2, implicat\u0103 \u00een apari\u021bia unor tumori pe nervul VIII ", "2. are o constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul p ", "3. este implicat \u00een apari\u021bia sarcomului Ewing ", "4. con\u021bine g ena bcr, pe bra\u021bul lung " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura ADN -ului, spre deosebire de pirimidine, purinele :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. au grup\u0103ri cetonice ", "2. con\u021bin grup\u0103ri aminice ", "3. pot forma dimeri sub ac\u021biunea radia\u021biilor ", "4. au 5 atomi de carbon \u00een cicluri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre agen\u021bii carcinogeni este adev\u0103ra t c\u0103:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. arsenicul poate afecta hepatocitele ", "2. benzenul poate induce leucemia ", "3. oncovirusurile pot determina restructur\u0103ri cromozomiale ", "4. cadmiul poate ini\u021bia cancerul pulmonar la fum\u0103tori " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Faza de ini\u021biere a traducerii presupune :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. interven\u021bia aminoacil -sinte tazelor ", "2. formarea unei leg\u0103turi covalente \u00eentre AA \u0219i ARNt ", "3. consum de energie furnizat\u0103 de GTP ", "4. ata\u0219area factorului sigma la ARNm " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Maturarea ARNm \u00een celulele glandelor salivare \u015fi \u00een hepatocite:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. presupune eliminarea intronilor \u015fi a secven\u021bei I ", "2. se face p rin interven\u021bia ligazelor \u0219i a girazelor ", "3. determin\u0103 rate diferite de sintez\u0103 a \u03b1 -amilazei \u00een cele dou\u0103 organe ", "4. presupune existen\u021ba unor exoni ini\u021biatori de tip S \u0219i I " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Un alergen \u00een contact cu IgE, determin\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. eliberarea histaminei din celulele submucoas ei digestive ", "2. indirect, stimularea nociceptorilor ", "3. reac\u021bii cutanate veziculo -papuloase ", "4. intensificarea secre\u0163iilor nazale \u0219i lacrimale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "De\u0219ertificarea are impact asupra:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. stepelor \u0219i a agroecosistemelor prin degradarea fertilit\u0103\u021bii solului ", "2. tuturor conti nentelor din emisfera nordic\u0103 ", "3. a circa 1/6 din popula\u021bia globului \u0219i a 1/4 din totalul uscatului ", "4. diversit\u0103\u021bii biocenozei \u0219i a lungimii lan\u021burilor trofice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Referitor la ap\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. 2,5% din apa globului este dulce \u0219i doar 0,01% disponibil\u0103 ", "2. influen\u021bea z\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea faunei \u0219i florei pe toate continentele ", "3. cea poluat\u0103 cu \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte azotate prezint\u0103 fenomenul de eutrofizare ", "4. poate fi poluat\u0103 \u0219i cu nutrien\u021bi, substan\u021be radioactive, metale grele " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Identifica\u021bi asocierile corecte dintre tipurile de terapi e genic\u0103 \u0219i afec\u021biunile poten\u021bial influen\u021bate:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. corectarea muta\u021biei genei \u03b2 a hemoglobinei - anemie falciform\u0103 ", "2. expresia citokinelor antiinflamatorii - artrit\u0103 reumatoid\u0103 ", "3. corectarea unei muta\u021bii pulmonare - fibroza chistic\u0103 ", "4. expresia genelor pentru L -dopa - scleroza multipl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Genomul uman are:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. at\u00e2t ADN -ul genic, c\u00e2t \u0219i cel extragenic, unic sau repetitiv ", "2. pseudogene \u2013 fragmente inactivate prin muta\u021bii ", "3. gene amplificate ca modalitate de ap\u0103rare la unii factori de mediu ", "4. aproximativ 50 000 de gene \u00een nucleu \u0219i 40 de gene mitocondriale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Proteinele non -histonice:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. prin fosforilare atrag histonele care se desprind de ADN ", "2. prezint\u0103 specificitate de specie \u0219i de \u021besut ", "3. dup\u0103 fosforilare au un efect similar cu al acetil\u0103rii histonelor asupra transcrip\u021biei ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een c romatina nucleului interfazic \u0219i \u00een cromozomii \u00een diviziune " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Reprezint\u0103 mecanisme de reglaj genetic:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. transformarea adeninei \u00een hipoxantin\u0103 ", "2. metilarea histonelor ", "3. formarea dimerilor timin\u0103 -timin\u0103 ", "4. metilarea citozinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Kinetocorul:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit la vi rusuri \u0219i bacterii ", "2. corespunde constric\u021biei secundare ", "3. se vizualizeaz\u0103 \u00een cromozomul mitocondrial ", "4. con\u021bine ADN \u0219i proteine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00centr -un ecosistem antropizat se observ\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. o activitate biologic\u0103 intens\u0103 \u00een sol ", "2. export de substan\u021be prin prelev\u0103ri de biomas\u0103 ", "3. lan\u021bu ri trofice complexe \u0219i suprapuse ", "4. import de energie prin mecanizare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Din cauza bloc\u0103rii fusului de diviziune, pot ap\u0103rea maladii, precum:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. Williams ", "2. Menkes ", "3. Tay-Sachs ", "4. Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "O molecul\u0103 de interferon:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. este activ\u0103 \u00een plasm\u0103 toat\u0103 via\u021ba individului ", "2. este un anticorp ce inhib\u0103 multiplicarea viral\u0103 ", "3. gena sa se sintetizeaz\u0103 sub influen\u021ba ARN viral ", "4. poate fi produs\u0103 ca r\u0103spuns la o toxin\u0103 bacterian\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Genele complexului MHC:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. sunt plasate \u00een cromozomul 6 \u0219i grupate \u00een trei clase ", "2. 300 dintre ele codific\u0103 pr oteine ale sistemului complement ", "3. pot fi implicate \u00een apari\u021bia sclerozei multiple ", "4. codific\u0103 sinteza a peste un milion de anticorpi specifici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Limfomul Burkitt \u0219i leucemia cronic\u0103 mieloid\u0103 au \u00een comun:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. implicarea unor cromozomi acrocentrici ", "2. transloca\u021bii \u00eentre bra\u021bele lungi ale cromozomilor ", "3. implicarea unor cromozomi din grupa C ", "4. apari\u021bia unui tip de cromozom numit Philadelphia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul terapiei genice, transferul unei gene se poate realiza:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. la nivelul linei germinale ", "2. cu ajutorul lipozomilor ", "3. la nivel ul celulelor somatice ", "4. prin electroforez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Dintr -o frunz\u0103 de tutun infectat\u0103 cu VMT hibrid, ce con\u021bine ARN de tip VMT1 \u0219i protein\u0103 de tip VMT2, se izoleaz\u0103:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. ARN de tip VMT1 \u0219i VMT2 ", "2. protein\u0103 de tip VMT1 ", "3. protein\u0103 \u0219i ARN, ambele de tip VMT2 ", "4. ARN de tip VMT 1 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Spira de solenoid:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. reune\u0219te 24 de proteine H2 ", "2. are diametrul de 30 nm ", "3. con\u021bine ADN linker ", "4. exist\u0103 \u00een cromozomul metafazic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "O persoan\u0103 cu genotipul P 1P1P2p2rh+rh poate avea ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. cu pielea neagr\u0103, Rh- ", "2. mulatri deschi\u0219i, Rh+ ", "3. mulatri propriu -zi\u0219i, Rh- ", "4. mulatri \u00eenchi\u0219i, Rh+ " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ozonul din troposfer\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. este component al smogului fotochimic ", "2. trebuie men\u021binut \u00een concentra\u021bii sc\u0103zute ", "3. poate produce obstruc\u021bia c\u0103ilor pulmonare ", "4. cre\u0219te din cauza clorofluorocarburilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Fragmentarea \u0219i distrugerea ha bitatelor poate:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. afecta ecosisteme terestre \u0219i acvatice ", "2. duce la dispari\u021bia unor popula\u021bii ", "3. determina specia\u021bie intens\u0103 ", "4. duce la cre\u0219terea consangviniz\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "ARNt cu anticodonul UAC:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. se leag\u0103 de ARNm prin dou\u0103 leg\u0103turi triple de hidrogen ", "B. leag\u0103 la cap\u0103tul 3 \u2019 aminoacidul metionin\u0103 ", "C. se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de subunitatea 60S a ribozomului ", "D. formeaz\u0103 o leg\u0103tur\u0103 covalent\u0103 cu alanina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La om, dup\u0103 prezentarea unor fragmente antigenice prelucrate de macrofage , limfocitele Th:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. devin plasmocite, care produc imunoglobuline ", "B. elibereaz\u0103 histamin\u0103, care activeaz\u0103 mastocitele ", "C. elibereaz\u0103 interleukine, care activeaz\u0103 limfocitele B ", "D. activeaz\u0103 celulele diferen\u021biate \u00een bursa lui Fabricius " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 refe ritoare la agen\u021bii poluan\u021bi \u0219i afec\u021biunile generate:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. dioxina \u0219i monoxidul de carbon - cloracnee ", "B. gudronul \u0219i nicotina - ischemii ", "C. azbestul \u0219i plumbul \u2013 sindromul \"copilului albastru\" ", "D. nitra\u021bii \u0219i mercurul \u2013 boala Parkinson " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La procariote, \u00eentr -un promotor se poate afla:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. un replicon ", "B. gena reglatoare ", "C. un transcriptom ", "D. operatorul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Proteosomii:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. sunt factori de elongare proteic\u0103 ", "B. sunt octameri proteici histonici ", "C. intervin \u00een degradarea proteinelor ", "D. prezint\u0103 proteinele ubicvitinei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "ADN enhancer :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine nu mai fragmente TATA ", "B. se cupleaz\u0103 cu proteine activatoare ", "C. precede mereu gena pe care o regleaz\u0103 ", "D. activeaz\u0103 ARNsn pentru maturarea ARNm " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La eucariote, \u00een reglajul genetic al transcrip\u021biei:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. intensificatorul se leag\u0103 de gen\u0103 \u0219i o activeaz\u0103 ", "B. factorul de tran scrip\u021bie TF IB activeaz\u0103 promotorul ", "C. ARN polimeraza II se fosforileaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 conforma\u021bia ", "D. metilarea citozinei faciliteaz\u0103 exprimarea genei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Forma vegetativ\u0103 a bacteriofagului phi X 174 are:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. raportul purine/pirimidine = 1 ", "B. capsid\u0103 poliedric\u0103 cu filam ente ", "C. raportul uracil/adenin\u0103 = 1 ", "D. adenin\u0103 \u0219i timin\u0103 nelegate prin pun\u021bi de H " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen replicare pot interveni diverse polimeraze, precum:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. ARN -polimeraza de tip reverstranscriptaza pentru replicarea HIV ", "B. trei tipuri de ARN polimeraze la eucariote \u0219i doar un tip l a procariote ", "C. ADN polimeraza I pentru sinteza primelor nucleotide Okazaki ", "D. ADN polimeraza III care este activ\u0103 \u00eentre doi primeri " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ac\u021biunea dezoxiribonucleazelor la nivelul cromozomului bacterian \u00eel poate aduce la diametrul de:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. 1400 \u00b5m ", "B. 350 \u00b5m ", "C. 30 \u00b5m ", "D. 2 \u00b5m " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ob\u021binerea prin PCR a dou\u0103 molecule bicatenare de ADN, fiecare cu 60 de perechi de nucleotide, necesit\u0103 aproximativ:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. 1 secund\u0103 ", "B. 2 secunde ", "C. 6 minute ", "D. 13 minute " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Un b\u0103rbat originar din nordul Europei, cu grupa sangvin\u0103 AB(IV):", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. are forma nas ului identic\u0103 cu a u nui esteuropean ", "B. poate avea un copil cu grupa O(I) \u0219i ochi verzi ", "C. are genotipul O 3O3p1p1p2p2MBdMBd ", "D. este brevilin, dolicocefal \u0219i cu nasul drept " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen metoda Sanger nu se utilizeaz\u0103 :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. primeri ADN cu structur\u0103 primar\u0103, ADN -polimeraz\u0103 ", "B. patru tipuri de ribonuc leotide marcate radioactiv ", "C. didezoxiribonucleotide \u0219i dezoxiribonucleotide ", "D. nucleotide care nu formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi esterice la C 3\u2019 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Inteligen\u021ba \u0219i /sau memoria pot fi influen\u021bate de:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. gena catepsin D de pe bra\u021bul q al cromozomului 11 ", "B. densitatea astrocitelo r \u0219i gena Kibra ", "C. muta\u021bii silen\u021bioase ale genei IGF2R din cromozomul 9 ", "D. factorii ambientali care au ponderea de peste 60% " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. G sunt pentamerice ", "B. M sunt anticorpi timpurii ", "C. A se afl\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba limfocitelor B ", "D. D sunt cele mai pu\u021bine cantitativ " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Este consecin\u021ba unei dele\u021bii:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. liposarcomul mixoid ", "B. sarcomul Ewing ", "C. limfomul Burkit ", "D. carcinomul pulmonar " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Unele caractere umane sunt determinate de cromozomi:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. cu constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe q - grupele de s\u00e2nge ", "B. cu constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe p - gena catep sin D ", "C. similari celor din grupa G \u2013 gene care determin\u0103 talia ", "D. cu centromer subterminal \u2013 gena IGF2R implicat\u0103 \u00een inteligen\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La gemenii monozigo\u021bi, modelul crestelor digitale:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. este identic la na\u0219terea acestora ", "B. reprezint\u0103 caracte re continue ", "C. este determinat de gene diferite ", "D. se modific\u0103 \u00een perioada intrauterin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile antioncogenelor:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. sunt implicate \u00een orice tip de cancer ", "B. \u00een cazul genei c-ras pot fi punctiforme ", "C. apar \u00een linia germinal\u0103 \u0219i \u00een celulele somatice ", "D. produc proteine ce d etermin\u0103 repararea ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Centromerii:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. multipli \u2013 pot sta la baza unor fisiuni cromozomale ", "B. prezint\u0103 kinetocor pe care se fixeaz\u0103 proteinele ssb ", "C. difuzi \u2013 determin\u0103 fuziuni ale cromozomilor ", "D. prezint\u0103 benzile C inversate fa\u021b\u0103 de benzile T " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cromul este un metal greu, care poate determina :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. pelagra \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rziere \u00een dezvoltare ", "B. sarcoame \u0219i boala beri -beri ", "C. cancer al sinusurilor nasofaringiene ", "D. apoptoza \u00een parenchimul pulmonar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "ADN -ul repetitiv:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. este rezultatul revers -transcrip\u021biei ", "B. reprezint\u0103 sub 40% din genomul uman ", "C. este doar \u00een genomul mitocondrial ", "D. poate fi repetitiv \u00een tandem " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cromozomii 12 \u0219i 9:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. genere az\u0103 liposarcomul mixoid ", "B. apar\u021bin unor grupe diferite ", "C. genereaz\u0103 cancerul pulmonar ( SCLC ) ", "D. au raportul bra\u021belor 1,7 -3 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fertilizarea in vitro presu pune urm\u0103toarele proceduri:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. extragerea laparoscopic\u0103 a ovulelor din oviduct ", "B. incubarea zigo\u021bilor timp de maximum 4 zile ", "C. stimularea in vitro a ovula\u021biei prin terapie hormonal\u0103 ", "D. diviziunea celulelor ou p\u00e2n\u0103 la stadiul de 8 celule " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pe continentul australian , spre deosebire de America de Sud :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. introducerea castorilor a contribuit la producerea de inunda\u021bii catastrofale ", "B. alela LB implicat\u0103 \u00een determinarea grupei B are frecven\u021b\u0103 redus\u0103 ", "C. de\u0219ertificarea ariilor agricole terestre este \u00een procent mai mare ", "D. Protea c yanoroides \u0219i Pueraria lobata sunt pe cale de dispari\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Afirma\u021bia despre diminuarea stratului de ozon este fals\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. poate duce la apari\u021bia de muta\u021bii \u0219i leziuni cutanate ", "B. se face \u0219i sub ac\u021biunea clorului eliberat din CFC ", "C. este \u0219i consecin\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii p e scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a unor pesticide ", "D. are drept consecin\u021b\u0103 moartea plantelor din necton " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fertilizarea in vitro realizeaz\u0103 embrioni:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. care prin transplantare pot genera sarcini \u00een peste 50 % din cazuri ", "B. din care se preleveaz\u0103 organe \u0219i \u021besuturi pentru transf er ", "C. cu acela\u0219i risc de apari\u021bie a malforma\u021biilor ca al celor naturali ", "D. din game\u021bii persoanelor sterile din cauza unor abera\u021bii cromozomale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la poluarea chimic\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. acumul\u0103rile de ozon \u2013 afecteaz\u0103 \u021besutul pulmonar ", "B. conta minarea bacteriologic\u0103 a apelor - boli digestive ", "C. monoxidul de carbon \u2013 cre\u0219te oxigenarea \u021besuturilor ", "D. emisii de sunete cu intensitate mare \u2013 diminuarea reflexelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi asocia\u021bia corect\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. \"wheezing\" \u2013 prezen\u021ba unor alergeni aerieni, de care se l eag\u0103 IgE ", "B. porfiria variegat\u0103 \u2013 muta\u021bii \u00een clusterul de gene MHC ", "C. HIV- atac\u0103 histocitele din \u021besutul epitelial cutanat \u0219i digestiv ", "D. scleroderma -HLA reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva antigenelor nonself " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Particulele de aur \u0219i platin\u0103 pot fi utilizate:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. \u00een sinteza unei gene artificiale ", "B. pentru ob\u021binerea de ARN -rec ", "C. pentru ob\u021binerea de lipozomi ", "D. \u00een tehnicile de transfer genic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura primar\u0103 a ARN -ului:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. N1 al citozinei este legat de C 3\u2019 al ribozei ", "2. diametrul moleculei este de 2 nm ", "3. N3 al adeninei este legat de C 1\u2019 al ribozei ", "4. distan\u021ba dintre dou\u0103 baze azotate este 0,34 nm " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Unui codon AAC din pozi\u021b\u00eda A ribozomal\u0103 \u00eei corespunde:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. anticodonul 5 \u2019UUG3\u2019 ", "2. anticodonul 3\u2019UUG5\u2019 ", "3. fragmentul ADN 5\u2019TTG3\u2019 ", "4. fragmentul ADN 3 \u2019TTG5\u2019 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La eucariote, fibra de 30 nm:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. este explicat\u0103 prin dou\u0103 modele structurale ", "2. con\u021bine octameri care nu dep\u0103\u0219esc 11 nm \u00een diametru ", "3. are proteine care dup\u0103 acetilare permit transcrierea ", "4. exist\u0103 liber\u0103 \u00een citoplasm\u0103 \u00een timpul interfazei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Denaturarea ADN -ului este necesar\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. ob\u021binerea unor restricte ", "2. metoda Sanger ", "3. bandarea crmozomilor ", "4. tehnica PCR " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen Escherichia coli s-au transferat gene pentru sinteza de:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. humulin\u0103 ", "2. angiotensin\u0103 II ", "3. interferon ", "4. YAC " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "ADN -ul viral:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. se recombin\u0103 prin crossing -over ", "2. este \u00eenso\u021bit de ARN cu rol func\u021bional ", "3. poate p\u0103trunde \u00een nucleu \u00een interfaz\u0103 ", "4. formeaz\u0103 restricte prin decapsidare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Tipul A de ADN:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. are un diametru de 23 angstromi ", "2. are baze azotate \u00eenclinate cu 20\u00b0 fa\u021b\u0103 de orizontal\u0103 ", "3. prezint\u0103 molecul\u0103 cu r\u0103sucire de xtrogir\u0103 ", "4. apare \u00een mediu cu concentra\u021bie salin\u0103 mare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "O persoan\u0103 cu genotipul P 1p1P2p2MBwMbdP1P3XhY:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. are p\u0103rul castaniu deschis, ondulat \u0219i este hemofilic ", "2. este mulatru \u0219i poate avea un copil blond ", "3. are culoarea pielii identic\u0103 cu a genotipului P 1P1p2p2 ", "4. are p\u0103rul castaniu \u00eenchis, cre\u021b \u0219i tat\u0103l hemofilic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de ini\u021biere a traducerii :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. metionina se leag\u0103 covalent la cap\u0103tul 3\u2019 al ARNt ", "2. subunitatea 40S ribozomal\u0103 se leag\u0103 de ARNm ", "3. se consum\u0103 energie furnizat\u0103 de GTP \u0219i ATP ", "4. se stabilesc leg\u0103turi de hidrogen \u00eentre ribonucleotide " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sarcomul Ewing:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. este cauzat de transloca\u021bii autozomale ", "2. este o tumor\u0103 solid\u0103, ca \u0219i meningiomul ", "3. afecteaz\u0103 \u021besutul mezenchimal ", "4. are aceea\u0219i cauz\u0103 ca \u0219i neuroblastomul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Genomul unor virusuri este constituit din:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. ARN b icatenar ", "2. molecule de ARN ", "3. ADN monocatenar ", "4. peste 250 de gene " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei florului \u00een apa potabil\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. poate provoca osteoscleroz\u0103 ", "2. a afectat neurologic unii copii din India ", "3. are efecte neuro -toxice asupra f\u0103tului ", "4. poate afecta func\u021bia hematiilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sterilitatea la b\u0103rba\u021bi:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. poate fi efectul pesticidelor organoclorurate ", "2. este consecin\u021ba unor muta\u021bii genice -BRCA1 \u0219i 2 ", "3. poate fi cauzat\u0103 de o nondisjunc\u021bie heterozomal\u0103 ", "4. se afl\u0103 printre manifest\u0103rile sindromului Turner " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacteriofagii:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. MS2 au un genom din 4 gene care con\u021bin uracil ", "2. din grupul T con\u021bin 5 hidroxi -metilcitozin\u0103 ", "3. phi X174 con\u021bin gene pentru 868 de aminoacizi ", "4. sunt vectori pentru clonarea terapeutic\u0103 a genei ampR " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia unor gene din cromozomul 7 este cauza pentru:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. limfomul folicular ", "2. sindromul Williams ", "3. sindromul Rett ", "4. leiomiomul uterin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Histamina:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. se elibereaz\u0103 din celulele epiteliale la contactul cu alergenii ", "2. prezint\u0103 afinitate pentru Ig E de pe membrana mastocitelor ", "3. este un mediator chimic care interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu Ig A ", "4. interac\u021bionez\u0103 cu receptori specifici din vasele sangvine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Malaria :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. are ca vector \u021b\u00e2n\u021barul Anopheles , la fel ca leichmaniaza ", "2. r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea sa poate depinde de modific\u0103rile climatice ", "3. este provocat\u0103 de un procariot ciliat ", "4. are o inciden\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u00een Africa central\u0103 \u0219i Asia sudic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele stem totipotente:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. pot fi modificate genetic, prin inser\u021bia unor gene ", "2. sunt caracteristice proembrionului ", "3. pot fi surse de clone tisulare terapeutice ", "4. apar\u021bin sistemului hematopoietic " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nota\u021bia cromozomului 9q34 indic\u0103 :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. regiunea terminal\u0103 a bra\u021bului lung ", "2. locusul genei DYT1 ", "3. banda 4 din regiunea 3 ", "4. locusul genei G6PD " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen ADN -ul Parvovirusului exist\u0103 leg\u0103turi:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. esterice N 9-C1\u2019 sau N 3-C1\u2019 \u00eentre nucleozide ", "2. de tip N\u2500H\u2219\u2219\u2219N; H\u2219\u2219\u2219H\u2500H; O\u2219\u2219\u2219H\u2500O ", "3. de natur\u0103 electrostatic\u0103, care se pot rupe u\u0219or ", "4. covalente \u00eentre C 3\u2019 \u0219i C 5\u2019 ai pentozelor succesive " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt implicate \u00een reglajul genetic la bacterii :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. transacetilaza ", "2. proteina CAP ", "3. treonin -dezaminaza ", "4. AMP ciclic " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Hipoxantina :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. este rezultatul unei muta\u021bii non-sens ", "2. este un analog al 6 -aminopurine i ", "3. afecteaz\u0103 numai structura ADN -ului ", "4. formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi de hidrogen cu citozina " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele stem pot genera celule:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. anucleate ", "2. contractile ", "3. cu prelungiri ", "4. glandulare " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Un individ cu polidactilie \u0219i albinism poate avea:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. un singur p\u0103rinte suferind de o singur\u0103 boal\u0103 ", "2. un singur p\u0103rinte suferind de ambele boli ", "3. un p\u0103rinte cu polidactilie, cel\u0103lalt cu albinism ", "4. ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi neafecta\u021bi de nicio boal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Amplificarea unor segmente cromozomale poate determina:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. fenomene de reglaj genetic ", "2. dezvoltarea unor caractere anorma le ", "3. caractere benefice pentru organism ", "4. activarea protooncogenelor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen mitocondrii poate exista material genetic:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. de tip plasmid ", "2. circular \u00eenchis ", "3. cu ADN repetitiv ", "4. circular deschis " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Interferonul gamma:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. este utilizat \u00een tratarea sarcomului Kaposi ", "2. apar\u021bine tipul ui 2 format din dimeri proteici ", "3. gena sa este linkat\u0103 cu cele ale aglutinogenelor ", "4. are ac\u021biune antitumoral\u0103 \u0219i activeaz\u0103 macrofagele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 \u00eentr -un cuplu femeia prezint\u0103 sindrom oro -digito -facial \u00een form\u0103 heterozigot\u0103 \u0219i so\u0163ul este s\u0103n\u0103tos, probabilitatea de a se na\u0219te:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. fete s\u0103n\u0103toase - 50% dintre fete ", "2. descenden\u021bi afecta\u021bi - 50% ", "3. b\u0103ie\u021bi afecta\u021bi - 50% dintre b\u0103ie\u021bi ", "4. descenden\u021bi afecta\u021bi - 100% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "La un organism s -au stabilit prin genomica:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. comparativ\u0103 - rela\u021bii evolutive avute cu alte specii ", "2. structural\u0103 - secven\u021bierea nucleotidelor din ADN ", "3. func\u021bional\u0103 - exprimarea genelor \u00een anumite condi\u021bii de mediu ", "4. metaboli\u021bilor - setul complet de metaboli\u021bi codifica\u021bi de genom " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Dinamica popula\u021biilor \u0163\u0103rilor europene dezvoltate a cunoscut patru stadii:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. mortalitatea mic\u0103 , natalitatea \u00een sc\u0103dere \u2013 stadiul 1 ", "2. mortalitatea \u00een sc\u0103dere, natalitatea mare \u2013 stadiul 2 ", "3. natalitatea \u0219i mortalitatea constante \u2013 stadiul 3 ", "4. natalitatea \u0219i mortalitatea mici \u2013 stadiul 4 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Minicromozomii bacterieni :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 mereu dependent de cromozomul principal ", "B. sunt lipsi\u021bi de markeri genetici decelabili prin antibiograme ", "C. pot fi implica \u021bi \u00een producerea de antibiotice bacteriocine ", "D. con\u021bin molecule de ADN monocatenar circular " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Rata de transcriere cre\u0219te ca urmare a:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. despiraliz\u0103rii tot ale a cromatinei interfazice ", "B. procesului de fosforilare a proteinelor nonhistonice ", "C. complex\u0103rii ADN -ului cu proteine histonice ", "D. condens\u0103rii cromatinei sub form\u0103 de cromocentri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Transpozonii:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. sunt elemente genetice imobile ", "B. pot s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 un promotor activat ", "C. asigur\u0103 stabilitatea capetelor cromozomale ", "D. au mobilitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de stres " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Ribozomul din celula eucario t\u0103 con\u021bine:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. aproximativ 100 de molecule proteice ", "B. ARN ribo zomal cu masa molecular\u0103 de 5x106 ", "C. locusul E unde se afl\u0103 ARN t legat de un aminoacid ", "D. o subunitate m ic\u0103 care se leag\u0103 la ARN mesager " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul unei monocatene ADN se pot stabili leg\u0103turi \u00eentre:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. C1 al dezoxiribozei \u0219i N 3 al guaninei ", "B. P acidului fosforic \u0219i N 1 al citozinei ", "C. dou\u0103 riboze succesive prin intermediul grup\u0103rii fosfat ", "D. unul dintre atomii de azot ai timine i \u0219i pentoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Blocarea sintezei izoleucinei se poate face prin:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. inactivarea treonindezaminazei de c\u0103tre represor ", "B. activarea represorului de c\u0103tre D -treonindezaminaz\u0103 ", "C. cuplarea izoleucinei cu prima enzim\u0103 a c\u0103ii metabolice ", "D. cre\u0219terea concentra\u021biei celulare a treoninei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ADN -ul eucariotelor:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", "B. con\u021bine baze cu 4 atomi de C \u0219i c\u00e2te doi de N \u0219i O ", "C. controleaz\u0103 multiplicarea plasmidelor ", "D. se coloreaz\u0103 slab la nivelul hetero cromatin ei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "ADN polimeraza I spre deosebire de ADN polimeraza III:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. leag\u0103 nucleotide la cap\u0103tul 3` -OH liber al catenei leading ", "B. catalizeaz\u0103 formarea de leg\u0103turi fosfodiesterice ", "C. este implicat\u0103 \u00een formarea catenei lagging ", "D. catalizeaz\u0103 ata\u0219area ultimului nucleotid \u00een fragmentul Okazaki " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Una dintre urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii este corect\u0103:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. codul genetic este universal , adic\u0103 redundant , \u00een lumea vie ", "B. \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale \u00eenca pe doar un codon ", "C. \u00een urma singamiei unor celule n se formeaz\u0103 zigotul diploid ", "D. transcrip\u021bia la bacterii se finalizeaz\u0103 cu un ARN m inactiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pe parcursul traducerii genetice la procariote:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. ribozomul se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia 3\u2019 \u2192 5\u2019 a ARN m ", "B. aminoacilsintetaza catalizeaz\u0103 legarea pirofosfatul ui la AMP ", "C. ARN t din pozi\u021bia E trece \u00een P, iar din P \u00een A ", "D. al doilea aminoacid se leag\u0103 la formil -metionin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Au constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul lung, cromozo mii:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. 13, 14 ", "B. 15, 22 ", "C. 9, 16 ", "D. 15, 16 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Culoarea pielii:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. este un caracter continuu, aditiv, meristic \u0219i poligenic ", "B. fiecare dintre genele determinante se transmite mendelian ", "C. este alb -g\u0103lbuie la indivizii umani leucodermi, nordici ", "D. la amerindieni este dat\u0103 de alele R+/R - pentru pigment ro\u0219u " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00centre benzile cromozomilor umani \u0219i diversele lor regiuni func\u021bionale s -a observat urm\u0103toarea coresponden\u021b\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. G \u2013 regiuni \u00een care predomin\u0103 leg\u0103turi duble de H ", "B. C \u2013 con\u021bin gene codificatoare de ARNr ", "C. Q \u2013 regiuni echivalente cu benzile R ", "D. T \u2013 con\u021bin proteinele kinetocorului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Genele ortoloage:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. sunt gene caracteristice unei singure specii ", "B. au suferit duplica\u021bii pe parcursul evolu\u021bie i ", "C. au succesiunea nucleotidelor identic \u0103 cu a paraloage lor ", "D. lipsesc din structura genomul ui uman " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103to arele caracter e sunt determinat e de gene complet dominante :", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. forma b\u0103rbiei \u0219i forma lobului urechii ", "B. foseta mentonier\u0103 \u0219i linia de inser\u021bie a p\u0103rului ", "C. forma nasului \u0219i grosimea genelor ", "D. caractere fenotipice specifice bolii Marfan " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din totalul bolilor genice, majoritatea se manifest\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. intrauterin ", "B. \u00een copil\u0103rie ", "C. dup\u0103 pubertate ", "D. la b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u021be " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Maladia care nu are efect letal \u00een cazul \u00een care gena mutant\u0103 care o determin\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 este:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. distrofia Duchenne ", "B. anemia falciform\u0103 ", "C. boala Marfan ", "D. \uf062 - talasemia " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Microcefalia poate fi indus\u0103 de:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. chloroquin\u0103 ", "B. streptomicin\u0103 ", "C. toxoplasm\u0103 ", "D. thalidomid \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomul 2:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. a ap\u0103rut prin fisiunea a doi cromozomi de la cimpanzeu ", "B. este implicat \u00een apari\u021bia rabdosarcomului alveolar ", "C. este autozomul care con\u021bine cel mai mare num\u0103r de gene ", "D. prezint\u0103 dimorfism de m\u0103rime fa\u021b\u0103 de omologul s\u0103u " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Inactivarea antioncogenelor:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. poate induce apari\u021bia retinoblastomului ", "B. st\u0103 la baza cromozomului Philadelphia ", "C. duce la supresia unei protooncogene ", "D. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 apoptoza celulelor cu muta\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina G:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 imunitatea celular\u0103 \u00een primele luni de via\u021b\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 afinitate mare pentru alergeni ", "C. con\u021bine pun\u021bi disulfidice \u00eentre lan\u021burile grele ", "D. se nume\u0219te \u0219i ap\u0103r\u0103torul mucoaselor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Imunitatea umoral\u0103 activ\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. presupune interac\u021biuni \u00eentre diferite tipuri de limfocite T ", "B. const\u0103 \u00een sintez a de imunoglobuline de c\u0103tre limfocitele B ", "C. se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanisme de tip fagocitoz\u0103 ", "D. este un tip de imunitate care se transmite la descenden\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomii din perechea a 7 a con\u021bin gene implicate \u00een exprimarea:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. interferonului fibroblastic de tip \u03b1 ", "B. antigenelor de histocompatibilitate ", "C. distoniei \u0219i melanomului malign ", "D. receptorilor pentru antigene (TRC) " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Mastocitele:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. au pe suprafa\u021ba lor imunoglobulina D ", "B. sunt prezente \u00een num\u0103r mare la nivelul epidermei ", "C. con\u021bin \u00een citoplasm\u0103 granule bogate \u00een histamin\u0103 ", "D. elibereaz\u0103 citokine la contactul cu alergenii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Biopsia \u021besutului corionic \u0219i amniocenteza:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. permit determinarea vitezei s\u00e2ngelui placentar ", "B. se pot realiza doar \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "C. permit efectuarea de teste biochimice ", "D. sunt tehnici moderne, noninvazive " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Anumite tipuri de limfocite T:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. devin plasmocite care con\u021bin numero\u0219i dictiozomi ", "B. au ca markeri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 HLA -DQ, din clas a III ", "C. au receptori pentru citokine, asigur\u00e2nd imunitatea umoral\u0103 ", "D. elimin\u0103 celule care poart\u0103 antigene HLA, clasa II " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Laparoscopul este util \u00een:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. clonarea terapeutic\u0103 ", "B. terapia genic\u0103 ", "C. fertilizarea in vitro ", "D. analiza Doppler " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin terapia genic\u0103 se poate:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. induce angiogeneza \u2013 \u00een boli virale ", "B. \u00eenlocui gena L -dopa, \u00een cancer ", "C. corecta muta\u021bia genei \u03b2 a hemoglobinei ", "D. modifica expresia citokinelor, \u00een Parkinson " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pentru transferul genelor se utilizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. ADN - giraza ", "B. aminoacilsintetaze ", "C. endonucleaze ", "D. ARN - primaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Proteinele sistemului complement:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt activate de anticorpi neprelucra\u021bi ", "B. circul\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "C. \u00een num\u0103r de 3, formeaz\u0103 un cilindru ", "D. perforeaz\u0103 membrana macrofagelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o molecul\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 de acid nucleic, atomii de azot stabilesc urm\u0103toarele leg\u0103turi:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. N1 al guaninei \u2013 N1 al citozinei ", "2. N3 al unei pirimidine \u2013 C5 al pentozei ", "3. N1 al adeninei \u2013 N1 al timinei ", "4. N9 al unei purine \u2013 C1 al pentozei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Se elimin\u0103 molecule de ap\u0103, la formarea leg\u0103turilor dintre:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. baza azotat\u0103 \u0219i glucidul unei nucleozide ", "2. fosfatul \u0219i glucidul unei nucleotide ", "3. nucleotidele unei polinucleotide ", "4. catenele unei macro molecule ADN " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o celul\u0103 procariot\u0103:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. ARNm este sintetizat cu ajutorul AR N-polimerazei III ", "2. ARNt se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 la ribozom prin anticodonul de pe bucla T ", "3. ARNsn intervine \u00een activarea sau inhibarea genelor ", "4. ARNr intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea subunit\u0103\u021bi lor ribozomale 30S \u0219i 50S " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La nivelul unui fragment Okazaki:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. noile nucleotide se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 la ambele capete ale fragmentului ", "2. ADN -nucleotidele sunt mai aproape de furca de replicare dec\u00e2t ARN -nucleotidele ", "3. ADN -polimeraza I este prima enzim\u0103 care \u00eencepe adi\u021bia de ADN -nucleotide ", "4. exonucleaza elimin\u0103 produsul de sintez\u0103 al enzimei ARN -primaza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen transla\u021bie/traducere, aminoacidul din situl A:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. va forma o leg\u0103tur\u0103 peptidic\u0103 prin gruparea sa -COOH terminal\u0103 ", "2. a ajuns la ribozom transportat de aminoacil -sintetaza de care s -a legat covalent ", "3. se va ata\u0219a de gruparea -NH2 terminal\u0103 a polipeptidei din situl P ", "4. va participa la o reac\u021bie catalizat\u0103 de peptidil -transferaza, care con\u021bine ARNr 28S " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre codoni se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. lor le corespund anticodoni \u00een sensul 3\uf0a2\u21925\uf0a2 ", "2. la ciliatul Mycoplasma capricolum, codonul UGA codific\u0103 triptofan ", "3. sunt tradu\u0219i la nivelul ribozomi lor \u00een sensul 5 \uf0a2\u21923\uf0a2 ", "4. sunt degenera\u021bi deoarece unul poate codifica mai mul\u021bi aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La virusurile de mai jos, se observ\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna o rela\u021bie de egalitate numeri c\u0103 \u00eentre urm\u0103toarele nucleotidele:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. Phi X 174 \u2013 C = G ", "2. SV40 \u2013 C = G ", "3. al turb\u0103rii \u2013 T = A ", "4. herpetic \u2013 T = A " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La bacterii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. mezozomul se afl\u0103 \u00een apropierea locului de origine a replic\u0103rii ", "2. transcrip\u021bia necesit\u0103 ac\u021biunea unei enzime numit\u0103 ribonuclea z\u0103 ", "3. superr\u0103sucirea negativ\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea furcii de replicare ", "4. ADN -giraza elimin\u0103 superr\u0103sucirea pozitiv\u0103 \u00een ved erea transcrip\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "La eucariote:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. non-histonele prezint\u0103 specificitate de specie \u0219i de \u021besut ", "2. ADN -ul mitocondrial poate avea una din catene \u00eentrerupt\u0103 ", "3. genele con\u021bin regiuni reglatoare plasate \u00eenaintea promotorilor ", "4. histonele reprezint\u0103 72% din compozi\u021bia ch imic\u0103 a cromozomilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Migrarea fragmentelor de ADN \u00een electroforez\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. datorit\u0103 grup\u0103rilor fosfat care sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate negativ ", "2. cu vitez\u0103 mai mare pentru fragmentele de dimensiuni mai mici ", "3. \u00een gel de agaroz\u0103 sau poliacrilamid\u0103 supus unui c\u00e2mp electric ", "4. cu ajutorul polimerazei Taq rezistent\u0103 la temperaturi mari " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sindromul Menkes:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. este o afec\u021biune heterozomal\u0103 Y -linkat\u0103 ", "2. apare \u00een urma muta\u021biei unei singure gene ", "3. determin\u0103 coeficient de inteligen\u021b\u0103 90 -109 ", "4. se transmite \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 recesiv " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman, cromozomii acrocentrici:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 3 la indivizii cu trisomie 18 ", "2. au constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul q ", "3. fac parte din grupele autozomale D, F, G ", "4. din perechea a 13 -a au sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bul p " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de muta\u021bii ale unei gene:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. dominante autozomale \u2013 neurofibromatoza ", "2. recesive din cromozomul Y \u2013 sindromul Jacobs ", "3. recesive autozomale \u2013 boala Tay -Sachs ", "4. dominante X -linkate \u2013 sindromul Hunter " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromoz omii din perechea 9 con\u021bin gene care determin\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. neurofibromatoza tip 2 ", "2. hipersociabilitatea ", "3. limfomul Burkitt ", "4. sinteza interferonului \u03b1 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Un cuplu de indivizi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i are un copil cu fenilcetonurie \u0219i hemofilie. \u00cen acest caz:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. copilul acestui cuplu este de sex masculin ", "2. cei doi p\u0103rin\u021bi poart\u0103 ambe le gene mutante ", "3. genotipul p\u0103rin\u021bilor este \u2013 AaXhX \u0219i AaXY ", "4. copilul a mo\u0219tenit gena pentru hemofilie de la tat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Boala Marfan , ca \u0219i maladia Huntington:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. este cauzat\u0103 de o gen\u0103 recesiv\u0103 letal\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "2. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin dislocare de cristalin ", "3. se manifest\u0103 de obicei de la v\u00e2rsta de doi ani ", "4. este o afec\u021biune monogenic\u0103 autozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. manifest\u0103 fenomenul de compensa \u021bie de doz\u0103 X, ca \u0219i cei cu trisomie X ", "2. prezint\u0103 atrofie gonadal\u0103, care poate fi identificat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 ", "3. pot avea \u0219i mozaicism cromozomal, prin nondisjunc\u021bie \u00een diviziune ", "4. au cromozomi supranumerari \u00een grupa C, ca \u0219i ce i cu sindrom Rett " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gena pentru factorul IX al coagul\u0103rii:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. este X-linkat\u0103 \u0219i determin\u0103 prin muta\u021bie hemofilia B ", "2. apar\u021bine unui cromozom care are dou\u0103 regiuni pe bra\u021bul p ", "3. poate fi introdus\u0103 \u00een hepatocite cu ajutorul vectorul ui AAV ", "4. prin muta\u021bie genic\u0103 dominant\u0103 , poate genera hemofilia A " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. unui fragment din cromozomul 15p determin\u0103 sindromul Prader Willi ", "2. ca \u0219i trisomia , este o muta\u021bi e care po ate genera cancerul de s\u00e2n ", "3. poate fi intercalar\u0103 sau terminal\u0103, ca \u0219i fuziunea cromozomal\u0103 ", "4. 3p, 9p, 17p este asociat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia cancerului pulmonar " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Solenoidul:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. se formeaz\u0103 cu participarea proteinei H1 ", "2. prezint\u0103 un diametru de 30 \u00b5m ", "3. este caracteristic nucleului interfazic ", "4. con\u0163ine opt nucleosomi cu proteine histonice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Interferonul:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. este o protein\u0103 care stimuleaz\u0103 formarea unui activator viral ", "2. prezint\u0103 specificitate de specie \u0219i o durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 limitat\u0103 ", "3. are o ac\u021biune antiviral\u0103 consecutiv\u0103 interven\u021biei anticorpilor ", "4. poate fi produs de celul e ale corpului \u0219i de celule Hibridoma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Reac\u021bia de respingere a grefei:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. poate fi cauzat\u0103 de polimorfismului antigenelor de histocompatibilitate ", "2. are ca mecanism imun celular producerea de anticorpi anti -gref\u0103 ", "3. poate fi prevenit\u0103 cu ajutorul medicamentelor, de exemplu ciclofosfamidele ", "4. se poate realiza prin reac\u021bia \u201dgref\u0103 contra gazd\u0103\u201d, imediat, acut sau cronic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre imunoglobuline se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. IgG \u2013 faciliteaz\u0103 fagocitarea bacteriilor de c\u0103tre macrofage ", "2. IgA \u2013 este prezent\u0103 \u00een laptele mat ern, lacrimi \u0219i secre\u021bii mucoase ", "3. IgM \u2013 este anticorp timpuriu, prez ent\u00e2nd 10 situsuri de legare a antigene lor ", "4. IgE \u2013 are un rol crucial \u00een reac\u021biile alergic e prin stimularea celulelor NK " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gene implicate \u00een sinteza:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. receptorilor de antigen pot prezenta instabilitate accentuat\u0103 ", "2. interferonului sunt \u00een num\u0103r de \u0219apte, plus paisprezece pseudogene ", "3. anticorpilor pot suferi muta\u021bii somatice \u00een domeniile variabile ", "4. MHC la om su nt localizate pe bra\u021bul lung al cromozomului 6 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. B posed\u0103 ca markeri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 un tip special de microglobulin\u0103 IgM ", "2. stimulate de un mitogen induc sinteza interferonului de tip gamma ", "3. T recunosc antigenele str\u0103ine numai \u00een combina\u021bie cu proteinele MHC ", "4. Th induc multiplicarea T c \u00een urma prezent\u0103rii antigenelor de c\u0103tre macrofage " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele afirma\u021bii sunt corecte:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. \u00een cadrul FIV embriotransferul se poate realiz a la 72 de ore de la concep\u021bie ", "2. clonarea terapeutic\u0103 permite vindecarea unor boli virale ale sistemului nervos ", "3. terapia genic\u0103 la om poate determina muta\u021bii ale unor gene normale ", "4. biopsia din \u021besutul vilozit\u0103\u021bilor coriale se practic\u0103 \u00een a patra lun\u0103 de sarcin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Virusul sarcomului Rous are gene care:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. provoac\u0103 un tip de cancer al \u021besutul epitelial la g\u0103ini ", "2. codific\u0103 sinteza enzimei reverstranscriptaza \u2013 gena gag ", "3. fac parte din structura unui operon al\u0103turi de gena src ", "4. con\u021bin informa\u021bia pentru sinteza proteinelor capsidei \u2013 gena env " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sub ac\u021biunea unor factori mutageni:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. chimici, de exemplu HNO 2, adenina se poate transforma \u00een hipoxantin\u0103 ", "2. moleculele de ADN se contorsioneaz\u0103, fiind \u00eempiedicat\u0103 replica rea ", "3. biologici, oncovirusuri cum ar fi virusul hepatitei B, pot ap\u0103rea modific\u0103ri genice ", "4. teratogeni sunt alter ate genele care controleaz\u0103 spermatogeneza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Philadelphia:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. provine \u00een urma unei transloca\u021bii nereciproce ", "2. face parte din grupa C, fiind de tip submetacentric ", "3. are afectat\u0103 regiunea 12q a cromozomului 22 ", "4. con\u021bine gena abl din regiunea 34q a cromozomului 9 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul reglajului genetic la eucariote:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. formarea complexelor histon\u0103 \u2013 nonhiston\u0103, conduc la desprinderea lor de ADN ", "2. inactivarea unui cromozom X la femeie are loc \u00een timpul diviziunii celulare ", "3. modificarea sau suprimarea activit\u0103\u021bii unei gene poate fi consecin\u021ba retrotranspozonilor ", "4. prezen\u021ba genelor homeotice asigur\u0103 reglajul replic \u0103rii \u00een citodiferen\u021biere " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Viroizii :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt alc\u0103tui\u021bi dintr -o molecul\u0103 de ADN circular ", "B. provoac\u0103 boala Kadang \u2013 Kadang a crizantemelor ", "C. sunt replica\u021bi sub ac\u021biunea ARN \u2013 polimerazei ", "D. sintetizeaz\u0103 antibiotice bacteriocine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Proteinele non -histonice:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc doar \u00een cromatina interfazic\u0103 ", "B. prezint\u0103 specificitate de \u021besut \u0219i specie ", "C. \u00eempiedic\u0103 accesul enzimelor \u0219i transcrip\u021bia ", "D. sunt \u00een cantitate mai mare dec\u00e2t histonele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Metoda Sanger difer\u0103 de tehnica PCR prin:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. folosirea unor didezoxiribonucleotide ", "B. denaturarea probei ADN analizate ", "C. electroforeza noilor fragmente de A RN ", "D. utilizarea unor fragmente ADN \u2013primeri " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cromozomul bacterian se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. este r\u0103sucit cu ajutorul dezoxiribonucleazei ", "B. are un singur punct de ata\u0219are la plasmalem\u0103 ", "C. replicarea bidirec\u021bional\u0103 a catenelor ", "D. genele pentru ARNr se g\u0103sesc \u00eentr -o singur\u0103 copie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul plasmidului pBR322, situsul Ba m HI se afl\u0103:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. \u00een cadrul genei pentru rezisten\u021b\u0103 la ampicilin\u0103 ", "B. l\u00e2ng\u0103 originea replic\u0103rii ADN \u2013ului ", "C. la nivelul genei pentru rezisten\u021b a la tetraciclin\u0103 ", "D. \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a situsului Pst I " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 referitoare la cromozomii eucariotelor:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. se individualizeaz\u0103 \u00een interfaza ciclului celular ", "B. au dou\u0103 cromatide unite prin centrozom ", "C. con\u021bin filamente nucleohistonice compact ate ", "D. cromozomii umani 1 \u0219i 3 sunt acrocentrici " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul reglajului genetic, interac\u021biunea pe termen lung cu unii factori de mediu se poate asocia cu :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. boli degenerative ale sistemului nervos central ", "B. picioare \u00een locul aripilor la Drosophila melanogaster ", "C. gene homeotice \u00een citoplasma celulelor procariote ", "D. celule cu 5 metil \u2013adenin\u0103 \u00een regiunile cu eucromatin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Unul din cromozom ii grup ei C con\u021bine:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. gena DYT1 \u00een locusul p34 ", "B. constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul p ", "C. gena BRCA2 pe bra\u021bul lung ", "D. gena CTSD pe bra\u021bul p " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial uman:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine mai pu\u021bin de 16500pb ", "B. are 24 de gene pentru ARN ", "C. include ADN repetitiv \u00een tandem ", "D. are numeroase clase de histone " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cenapoierea mintal\u0103 \u0219i malforma\u021biile cardiace se afl\u0103 printre manifest\u0103rile sindromului:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. Duchenne ", "B. Down ", "C. Rett ", "D. Prader -Willi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de muta\u021bii ale unei gene:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. autozomale din cromozomul 9 - distonia ", "B. din cromozomul 22p \u2013 meningiomul ", "C. recesive autozomale \u2013 acondroplazia ", "D. din cromozomul 10q \u2013 melanomul malign " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "PGU demarat \u00een 1990 a avut ca obiectiv realizarea unor h\u0103r\u021bi, ca de exemplu:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. fizice - mBAND ", "B. de linkaj -YAC ", "C. de transcrip\u021bie ", "D. citologice \u2013 integrate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un individ dolicocefal poate apar\u021bine subrasei :", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. dinaric\u0103 ", "B. alpin\u0103 ", "C. mediteranoid\u0103 ", "D. esteuropoid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un cuplu de indivizi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i are un copil cu ochii alba\u0219tri care sufer\u0103 de hemofilie \u0219i albinism. \u00cen acest caz:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. copilul acestui cuplu este de sex feminin ", "B. p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt purt\u0103tori ai genelor pentru ambele afec\u021biuni ", "C. copilul a mo\u0219tenit gena pentru hemofilie de la tat\u0103 ", "D. mama poate avea genotipul EgrEblAaXhX " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Miastenia gravis:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. este un exemplu elocvent de maladie heterozomal\u0103 cu predispozi\u021bie familial\u0103 ", "B. ca \u0219i unele disfunc\u021bii tiriodiene are la baz\u0103 un r\u0103spuns imun fa\u021b\u0103 de antigenii proprii ", "C. apare ca urmare a unor muta\u021bii somatice ce determin\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea propriilor celule ", "D. este un mecanism de ap\u0103rare nespecific av\u00e2nd ca \u021bint\u0103 un anumit tip de celule musculare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limfocitele diferen\u021biate \u00een timus sunt:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. efectoare - activeaz\u0103 diferen\u021bierea limfocitelor B spre plasmocite ", "B. competente - se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 sau bursa lui F abricius ", "C. supresoare - pot induce starea de toleran\u021b\u0103 la anumi\u021bi antigeni ", "D. ajut\u0103toare - se divid rapid meiotic pentru a forma limfocite efectoare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mastocitele:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een nucle oplasm\u0103 granule bogate \u00een histamin\u0103 ", "B. elibereaz\u0103 substan\u021be care interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu receptori vasculari ", "C. se g\u0103sesc \u00een \u021besutul conjunctiv din piele \u0219i mucoasa digestiv\u0103 ", "D. reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin IgE de pe suprafa\u021ba membranei nucleare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Interferonul \u03b2 a fost utilizat pentru tratarea:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. negilor genitali ", "B. osteoporozei ", "C. leucemiei ", "D. hepatitei C " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alergia este:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. o afec\u021biune fizic\u0103 agravat\u0103 de factori psiho -emo\u021bionali precum stresul ", "B. determinat\u0103 de hiperactivitatea unor celule produc\u0103toare de antigene ", "C. produs\u0103 de alergeni de contact precum latexul sau sporii de mucegai ", "D. rela\u021bionat\u0103 cu deficitul imunoglobulinei E la persoanele sensibile " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la urm\u0103torii cromozomi :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. 7 \u2013 grupa C - gena pentru sinteza caten ei delta a limfocitelor B ", "B. 13 \u2013 acrocentric - gena responsabil\u0103 pentru neoplasm multiplu endocrin ", "C. 14 \u2013 cu satelit - rearanj\u0103ri ale genei responsabile de recunoa\u0219terea antigenilor ", "D. 18 \u2013 metacentric - suplimentar \u00een cazul unui tip de aneuploidie autozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre anticorpi este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. au \u00een componen\u021b\u0103 patru catene polinucleotidice cu 660 - 770 aminoacizi ", "B. sunt produ\u0219i ca urmare a contactului unui antigen cu o hematie str\u0103in\u0103 ", "C. implic\u0103 reac\u021bii autoimune rezultate din interac\u021biunea cu antigene de tip \u201cself\u201d ", "D. IgM sunt \u201canticorpi timpurii\u201d deoar ece protejeaz\u0103 copilul \u00een primele luni de via\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul imunit\u0103\u021bii celulare:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. sunt vizate doar antigenele extracelulare virale ", "B. limfocitele helper induc proliferarea citokinelor ", "C. intervin limfocite care pot respinge gref e str\u0103ine ", "D. anticorpii neutralizeaz\u0103 antigenele intracelulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen ecosistemele antropizate fa\u021b\u0103 de cele naturale:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. consumul de materie \u0219i energie este redus ", "B. circula \u021bia substan\u021belor este \u00een mare parte ciclic\u0103 ", "C. diversitatea factorilor biotici este redus\u0103 ", "D. stabilitatea cre \u0219te datorit\u0103 mobilit\u0103\u021bii umane " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Neustonul spre deosebire de necton:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine specii de organisme pelagice ", "B. poate fi reprezentat de pe\u0219ti, amfibieni ", "C. face parte din biocenoza de tip ben tic ", "D. este biocenoza peliculei de la suprafa\u021ba apei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Stratul de ozon poate fi diminuat de pesticide precum :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. cloro fluorocarbur\u0103 ", "B. cloroformul ", "C. metil-bromur\u0103 ", "D. sulfura de carbon " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Deteriorarea unor ecosisteme din Rom\u00e2nia a fost cauzat\u0103 de introducerea speciei :", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Anopheles gambiae ", "B. Lyrurus tetrix ", "C. Rapana thomasiana ", "D. Dreissena polymorpha " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Una dintre urm\u0103toarele asocieri legate de poluarea chimic\u0103 este corect\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. poluare cu plumb \u2013 convulsii \u0219i malforma\u021bii osoase \u2013 saturnism ", "B. agen\u021bi microbieni \u2013 diaree \u0219i degenerarea ficatului \u2013 dizenterie ", "C. poluare cu azota\u021bi \u2013 sc\u0103derea oxigen\u0103rii s\u00e2ngelui \u2013 boala \u201dcopilului albastru\u201d ", "D. poluarea aeru lui cu fluor \u2013 deform\u0103ri osoase grave \u2013 fluoroz\u0103 scheletic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Consecin\u021ba exploziei demografice este:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. diminuarea semnificativ\u0103 a natalit\u0103\u021bii ", "B. sc\u0103derea ratei mortalit\u0103\u021bii ", "C. cre\u0219terea sensibil\u0103 a fertilit\u0103\u021bii ", "D. sc\u0103derea c\u0103s\u0103toriilor endogam e " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mobilitatea popula\u021biei:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. poate produce o infiltra\u021bie de gene \u00eentr -o popula\u021bie ", "B. este cauzat\u0103 de respi ngerea din zona de destina\u021bie ", "C. determin\u0103 degradarea accentuat\u0103 a mediului ambiant ", "D. const\u0103 \u00een deplas\u0103ri obi\u0219nuite de natur\u0103 demografic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Procariotele pot avea genom:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. linear ADN \u2013 Pseudomonas ", "2. linear bicatenar \u2013 Caenorhabdites elegans ", "3. circular bicatenar \u2013 Haemophilus influenzae ", "4. circular monocatenar \u2013 phiX174 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre unele bazele azotate pirimidinice este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. fac parte din genomul S V40 \u2013 timina ", "2. pot forma \"dimeri\" \u2013 uracilul \u0219i citozina ", "3. se pot metila \u2013 pirimidina d in ADN \u0219i ARN ", "4. pot reac\u021biona cu HNO 2 \u2013 hipoxantina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Prin reglajul genetic pot ap\u0103rea situa\u021bii particulare, astfel :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. la unele copepode celulele liniei germinale se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de celulele somatice ", "2. la masculii de Planococcus citri nu se formeaz\u0103 bivalen\u021bi \u00een meioz\u0103 ", "3. la \u0219oareci maturarea ARN -precursor pentru \u03b1 amilaz\u0103 se face diferen\u021biat ", "4. la eucariote ubicvitina condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 formarea structurii ter\u021biare a proteinelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Complexul CAP -AMPc \u0219i enhancerii:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 proteine cit oplasmatice activatoare ale genelor ", "2. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een maturarea ARN -ului precursor la eucariote ", "3. au rol \u00een procesele de citodiferen\u021biere, prin represia genelor ", "4. sunt implica\u021bi \u00een ini\u021bierea transcrip\u021biei, la organisme diferite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre PCR este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. se utilizeaz\u0103 o polimeraz\u0103 instabil\u0103 din punct de vedere termic ", "2. \u00een electroforez\u0103 doar fragmentele mici de ADN migreaz\u0103 spre polul pozitiv ", "3. este o tehnic\u0103 de biochimie \u0219i citologie ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een 1983 ", "4. folose\u0219te amorse reprezentate de dou\u0103 oligonucleotide monocatenare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Un virus poate avea :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. opt gene, de exemplu influenza ", "2. anvelop\u0103 pericapsidal\u0103 \u2013 T2 ", "3. gene pentru 686 aminoacizi \u2013 phiX174 ", "4. material genetic \u00een capside diferite " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de replicare al ADN -ului:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. \"relaxarea\" moleculei se face sub ac\u021biunea ADN -topoizomerazei ", "2. pun\u021bile de hidrogen intercatenare sunt rupte de ADN -helicaz a ", "3. sinteza catenei lagging este ini\u021biat\u0103 de enzima ARN -primaza ", "4. r\u0103sucirea catenei nou sintetizate este precedat\u0103 de ac\u021biunea ADN -ligazei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Metabolizarea aminoacidului treonin\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. este controlat\u0103 inclusiv prin retroinhibi\u021bie enzimatic\u0103 ", "2. implic\u0103 cinci produ\u0219i intermediari \u00een lan\u021bul anabolic ", "3. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu un produs care are o grupare hidroxil ", "4. necesit\u0103 activarea genelor trp din structura operonului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Select eaz\u0103 afirma\u021biile corect e:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. cercet\u0103rile lui Robert Plomin identific\u0103 alela 5 a genei IGF -2R la subiec\u021bii cu un IQ peste 160 ", "2. studiile lui Dietrich Stephan demonstreaz\u0103 exprimarea genei Kibra la nivelul hipotalamusului ", "3. dup\u0103 Binet \u0219i Simon, coeficientul mediu de inteligen\u021b\u0103 uman\u0103 are valoarea \u00eentre 90 \u0219i 109 ", "4. analizele lui A.Templeton din 1898 sus\u021bin existen\u021ba unei singure linii ev olutive a speciei umane " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "R\u0103spunsul imun nespecific spre deosebire de cel specific:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 o imunitate de circa 10 ani ", "2. implic\u0103 leucocite, cum ar fi monocitele ", "3. este declan\u0219at de prezen\u021ba antigenelor ", "4. const\u0103 \u00een fagocitarea \u0219i distrugerea intru\u0219ilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Interferonii:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. pot fi produ\u0219i datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei unor endotoxine microbiene ", "2. de tip 1 determin\u0103 blocarea sintezei acizilor nucleici virali ", "3. se ob\u021bin prin tehnici de recombinare genetic\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd levuri ", "4. de tip 2 sunt constitui\u021bi din dimeri proteici \u00eenrudi\u021bi cu tipul 1 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. posed\u0103 \u00een structura membranei polizaharide cu structur\u0103 dimeric\u0103 ", "2. secret\u0103 substan\u021be care se cupleaz\u0103 cu determinan\u021bi antigenici virali ", "3. reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu antigeni liberi sau prelucra\u021bi de celulele macrofage ", "4. au rol \u00een respingerea alogrefelor \u0219i reactivitatea cutanat\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Fertilizarea in vitro :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. are \u0219ans e de succes \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103, 4% pentru femei de peste 40 de ani ", "2. const\u0103 \u00een incubarea zigo\u021bilor \u00eentre 2 - 6 zile \u0219i apoi implantarea lor \u00een uter ", "3. a fost efectuat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 cu succes la om \u00een anul 1959 de P. Steptoe ", "4. poate intervin i \u00een com plexul genetic al copilului , exist\u00e2nd risc de muta\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Gena DM, ca \u0219i gena DR:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. codific\u0103 lan\u021buri \u03b1 \u0219i \u03b2 din structura receptorilor pentru anticorpi ", "2. este localizat\u0103 pe bra\u021bul scurt al unul cromozom submetacentric ", "3. se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een regiunea ce codific\u0103 \u0219i p roteine ale sistemului complement ", "4. contribuie la ac\u021biunea stimulatoare a macrofagelor asupra limfocitelor Th " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Genomul uman are urm\u0103toarele particularit\u0103\u021bi:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. subunit\u0103\u021bile proteinelor heteromerice sunt condi\u021bionate de gene din cromozomi diferi\u021bi ", "2. con\u021bine pseudogene provenite din gene structurale care prin muta\u021bii au devenit inactive ", "3. genele implicate \u00een etapele succesive ale unei c\u0103i metabolice sunt situate \u00een cromozomi diferi\u021bi ", "4. o gen\u0103 poate fi amplificat\u0103 de mii de ori , ca mijloc de ap\u0103rare \u00een fa\u021ba unei agresiuni externe " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reac\u021bia de respingere a grefei:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. poate fi prevenit\u0103 prin utilizarea corticosteroizilor sau ciclofosfamidelor ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 ca urmare a eliber\u0103rii de antigeni clasa I \u0219i II de c\u0103tre gref\u0103 ", "3. este precedat\u0103 de acumularea li mfocitelor T la nivelul \u021besutul ui donor ", "4. include \u0219i sinteza de interferon care activeaz\u0103 leucocitele macro fage " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt plante invadatoare introduse de om \u00een noi habitate:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Pueraria lobata ", "2. Pachypodium namaquanum ", "3. Lonicera japonica ", "4. Protea cyanoroides " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Popula\u021bia reprezentat\u0103 prin diagrama al\u0103turat\u0103 este:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. cu stabilitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", "2. specific\u0103 unei \u021b\u0103ri slab dezvoltate ", "3. cu mai mul\u021bi b\u0103tr\u00e2ni dec\u00e2t tineri ", "4. \u00een echilibru numeric " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Inhalarea ozonului determin\u0103 la om :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. dureri la inspira\u021bii \u0219i tuse ", "2. probleme cardiace \u0219i str\u0103nut ", "3. inflam\u0103ri ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii ", "4. reducerea procesului de fotosintez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt consecin\u021be ale p\u0103\u0219unatului excesiv:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. extinc\u021bia speciilor indigene vegetale \u0219i animale ", "2. \u00eenlocuirea speciilor anuale cu specii perene ", "3. diminuarea capilarelor din tre particulele de sol ", "4. sc\u0103derea frecven\u021bei bolilor \u0219i a parazi\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00centr-o p\u0103dure de foioase consumul respirator este 45% din produc\u021bia primar\u0103 net\u0103, care este de 600 tone. Produc\u021bia secundar\u0103, care reprezint\u0103 70% din produc\u021bia primar\u0103 brut\u0103 este:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. 870 tone ", "2. \u00een raport de 7/10 cu produc\u021bia primar\u0103 brut\u0103 ", "3. 270 tone ", "4. cu 9 tone mai mult dec\u00e2t produc\u021bia primar\u0103 net\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt caracteristici ale ecosistemelor antropizate :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. circuitul materiei \u00een mare parte neciclic ", "2. ciclurile unor elemente chimice sunt mai pu\u021bin mobile ", "3. mecanisme de autoreglare ineficiente ", "4. conservarea uneori a unor specii rare de plante sau animale " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele substan\u021be pot fi poluan\u021bi anorganici ai apelor potabile:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. deriva\u021bi ai metalelor grele ", "2. metil -bromura \u0219i petrolul ", "3. \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte azotate ", "4. pesticide, s\u0103ruri, acizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt boli infec\u021bioase transmise prin consumul de ap\u0103:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. holera \u0219i febra tifoid\u0103 ", "2. dizenteria \u0219i osteoscleroza ", "3. poliomielita \u0219i hepatita ", "4. fluoroza dentar\u0103 \u0219i scheletic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Represia enzimatic\u0103 la Escherichia coli se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. transcrierea genelor structurale \u0219i sinteza enzimelor catabolice ", "B. blocarea gene i operatoare prin activarea unui represor ", "C. interac\u021biunea produsului final cu corepresorul c\u0103ii metabolice ", "D. cuplarea treonin \u2013 dezaminazei cu un aminoacid cu 4 atomi de carbon " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Este o excep\u021bie de la universalitatea codului genetic:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. codonul UGA codific\u0103 izoleucina \u00een mitocondrii ", "B. la Tetrahymena sp . codonul UAG codific\u0103 glutamina ", "C. la Paramoecium sp. tripleta UGA codific\u0103 triptofanul ", "D. codonii UAA \u0219i UAG codific\u0103 metionina \u00een mitocondrii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomii au fost observa\u021bi pentru prima oar\u0103 de:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. William Sutton ", "B. Theodor Boveri ", "C. Joe Hin T jio ", "D. Karl Wilhelm von Nageli " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 referitoare la cromozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. este asociat cu histone la cianobacterii le din genul Aphanocapsa ", "B. regiunea TER la E.coli se afl\u0103 \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a genei rec A ", "C. superr\u0103sucirea pozitiv\u0103 se elimin\u0103 cu ajutorul unei dezoxiriboze ", "D. nucleosomii sunt octameri histonici \u00eenconjura\u021bi de un segment de ADN " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bacteriofagul T 2:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine A RN viral monocatenar ", "B. spre deosebire de MS2 , prezint\u0103 4 gene ", "C. are o plac\u0103 bazal\u0103 cu 6 fibre de adeziune ", "D. posed\u0103 o anvelop\u0103 membranoas\u0103 peste capsid\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Agen\u021bii poluan\u021bi chimici pot avea urm\u0103toarele efecte asupra organismului uman:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. mercurul \u0219i radia\u021biile UV \u2013 boala Parkinson, osteoscleroz\u0103, muta \u021bii ", "B. dioxidul de sulf \u2013 absorb\u021bia metalelor toxice \u0219i blocarea stomatelor ", "C. pesticidele organoclorurate \u2013 dermatite cronice \u0219i sterilitate la b\u0103rba\u021bi ", "D. arsenul \u2013 saturnism, convulsii, perturb\u0103ri ale activit\u0103\u021bii cerebrale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen decursul procesului de transla\u021bie:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. aminoacizii se leag\u0103 ini\u021bial de ARN t, apoi de aminoacil -sintetaz\u0103 ", "B. complexul ARN t \u2013 aminoacid se leag\u0103 de un codon ARN m \u00een pozi\u021bia A ", "C. formarea complexului de ini\u021biere necesit\u0103 energie furnizat\u0103 de G DP ", "D. ARN t este translocat din pozi\u021bia P \u00een pozi\u021bia A, iar de aici \u00een pozi\u021bia E " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen func\u021bie de gradul de \u00eenrudire \u00eentre donor \u0219i acceptor, u n transplant este:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. izogenic \u2013 dac\u0103 unui om i se transfer\u0103 piele de la un donator din alt\u0103 familie ", "B. alogenic \u2013 dac\u0103 unui c\u00e2ine i se transplanteaz\u0103 un rinichi de la o pisic\u0103 ", "C. singenic \u2013 dac\u0103 un frate prime\u0219te un organ de la sora lui geam\u0103n\u0103 monozigot\u0103 ", "D. xenogenic \u2013 dac\u0103 unui c\u00e2ine i se transfer\u0103 m\u0103duv\u0103 ro\u0219ie osoas\u0103 de la un porc " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Neustonul:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. reune\u0219te tot fitop lanctonul \u0219i zooplanctonul ", "B. este stratul de ap\u0103 \u00een contact cu fundul bazinului ", "C. con\u021bine bacterii, alge, protozoare, rotifere ", "D. reprezint\u0103 popula\u021bia piscicol\u0103 dintr -un bazin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Gena din pozi\u0163ia 8q24:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea 24 a bra\u021bului scurt ", "B. poate fi translocat\u0103 rezult\u00e2nd sarcomul Ewing ", "C. este localizat\u0103 \u00een banda 4 a regiunii 2 de pe bra\u021bul lung ", "D. apar\u021bine unui cromozom metacentric din grupa B " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Proteinele nonhistonice:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. exist\u0103 \u00een toate fazele de condensare ale cromat inei ", "B. sunt omogene, neav\u00e2nd specificitate tisular\u0103 ", "C. sunt reprezentate de H1 \u00eentre nucleo somi ", "D. se \u00eencarc\u0103 negativ prin fosforilare, repres\u00e2nd genele " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Au material genetic organizat sub forma nucleosomilor :", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. virusurile \u0219i protistele ", "B. mucegaiurile \u0219i algele albastre -verzi ", "C. bacteriile \u0219i viroizii ", "D. ferigile \u0219i reptilele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Kinetocorul:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. are proteine cu rol \u00een reparti\u021bia egal\u0103 a cromozomilor ", "B. este localizat \u00een interiorul centromerului ", "C. asigur\u0103 stabilitatea celor dou\u0103 capete cromozom iale ", "D. este locul de fixare a nucleoidului de plasmalem\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN -polimeraza:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. la eucariote \u00eencepe s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze \u00een faza G1 a ciclului celular ", "B. intervine \u00eenainte de ac\u021biunea complexului enzimatic primozom ", "C. de tip III ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eenaintea tipului I, pe catena \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 ", "D. este de trei tipuri la procariote \u0219i de un singur tip la eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Retroinhibi\u0163ia enzimatic\u0103 a sintezei de izoleucin\u0103 implic\u0103:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. inhibarea treonin -dezaminazei de c\u0103tre izoleucin\u0103 ", "B. asocierea izoleucinei cu represorul inactiv, care se va activa ", "C. inhibarea accesului enzimei ARN -polimeraza la operator ", "D. asocierea treoninei cu enzima treonin -dezaminaza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sindromul Williams , spre deosebire de sindromul Menkes:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este o boal\u0103 X -linkat \u0103 recesiv\u0103 ", "B. afecte az\u0103 dezvoltarea mental\u0103 ", "C. are un determinism monogenic ", "D. apare prin dele\u021bi a mai multor gene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul 12:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. prin dele\u021bie 12q devine izocromozom ", "B. are o constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 \u00een 12p ", "C. inelar este cauz \u0103 pentru liposarcom ", "D. con\u021bine gena catepsin D " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Anemia falciform\u0103:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. este una dintre cele 4000 de maladii monogenice recesive ", "B. este o dele\u021bie cromozomial\u0103 , ca \u0219i sindromul Prader -Willi ", "C. este consecin\u021ba muta\u021biei genei pentru catena alfa a hemoglobinei ", "D. are aceea\u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103 cu talasemia, \u00een zonele cu malarie e ndemic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 b\u0103iatul are ochii verzi ca mama lui \u0219i p\u0103rul neted ca tata, iar sora lui are ochii alba\u0219tri, este posibil ca:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. tat\u0103l s\u0103 fie heterozigot pentru cele dou\u0103 caractere ", "B. mama s\u0103 fie homozigot\u0103 pentru culoarea ochilor ", "C. p\u0103rin\u021bii s\u0103 aib\u0103 aceea\u0219i form\u0103 a p\u0103rului \u0219i culoare a ochilor ", "D. bunici i materni s\u0103 aib\u0103 ochii c\u0103prui deschis , iar cei paterni p\u0103r buclat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Y:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. supranumerar este asociat cu un IQ cu valoare peste 1 10 ", "B. are o lungime mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cromozomii perechii 21 ", "C. este acrocentric \u0219i con\u021bine gena SRY \u00eentr -o singur\u0103 copie ", "D. prezint\u0103 benzi Q cu aceea\u0219i localizare cu benzile R " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Asocia z\u0103 tehnica cu utilizarea ei:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. FISH \u2013 extragerea lichidului amniotic ", "B. fingerprinting \u2013 fertilizare in vitro ", "C. transfec\u021bi a \u2013 muta\u021bii care induc cancer ", "D. RAL\u2013 secven\u021bierea ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre poluare este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. etil - bromura \u0219i CFC - descompun ozonul ", "B. SO2 \u0219i NO 2 - surse de generare a ploilor acide ", "C. nutrien\u021bii \u00een cantitate mic\u0103 - eutrofizarea apelor ", "D. sunetele peste 80 decibeli - amplific\u0103 toate reflexele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T reglatoare:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. NK- distrug celule tumorale sau infectate cu virusuri ", "B. Th- activeaz\u0103 efectori implica\u021bi \u00een diferen\u021bierea plasmocitelor ", "C. Ts- inhib\u0103 limfocitele T citotoxice \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 limfocitele B efectoare ", "D. T citotoxice \u2013 sunt stimulate numai de antigeni prelucra\u021bi de macrofage " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Factori i specifici cuplu lui care recomand\u0103 solicitarea sfaturilor genetice sunt :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. infertilitate a \u00een cuplu , cancere frecvente \u00een ascenden\u021b\u0103 ", "B. tulbur\u0103ri neurologice ale partenerilor , avorturi spontane ", "C. rude afectate de maladii genetice, dependen\u021b\u0103 de droguri ", "D. bunici cu anomalii cromozomiale \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri somatomotorii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 \u00eentre: tipul de cancer - tipul abera\u021biei cromozomiale care -l produce - tipul de interferon utilizat \u00een tratament :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. leucemie - trisomie - alpha ", "B. melanom malign - dele\u021bie - gamma ", "C. adenom al glandelor salivare - transloca\u021bie - alpha ", "D. neuroblastom - izocromozom - beta " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la urm\u0103torii cromozomi :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. 7 - grupa C - gena pentru sinteza caten ei gamma a limfocitelor T ", "B. 13 - acrocentric - gena responsabil\u0103 pentru neoplasm multiplu endocrin ", "C. 14 - cu satelit - gen\u0103 responsabil \u0103 de recunoa\u0219terea antigenilor ", "D. 18 - metacentric - este suplimentar \u00een cazul unui tip de aneuploidie autozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Bolile autoimune:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. implic\u0103 anticorpii limfocitari produ\u0219i de complexul major de histocompatibilitate ", "B. apar ca urmare a unor muta\u021bii ce determin\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea propriilor celule ", "C. precum unele disfu nc\u021bii tiro idiene au la baz\u0103 un r\u0103spuns imun fa\u021b\u0103 de antigenii proprii ", "D. sunt determinate de muta\u021bii somatice prin care se distrug anticorpii preexisten\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ARN -i:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. este utilizat cu scopul inactiv\u0103rii transcriptului defect ", "B. este introdus \u00een celula normal\u0103 cu ajutorul unor sfere lipidice ", "C. intercepteaz\u0103 un ARN m nociv \u00een nucleul celulei mutante ", "D. determin\u0103 sinteza unei proteine toxice pentru organism " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Intr\u0103 \u00een structura pelagosului, cu excep\u021bia :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. planctonul ui ", "B. nectonul ui ", "C. bentosul ui ", "D. neustonul ui " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Protea cyanoroides :", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. a fost introdus\u0103 accidental \u00een America de Nord ", "B. este o specie pe cale de dispari\u021bie din Madagascar ", "C. apar\u021bine grupului de plante exotice invadatoare ", "D. produce daune \u00een popula\u021biile de pe\u0219ti r\u0103pitori " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la func\u021biile di feritelor tipuri de ARN \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. ARN -t con\u021bine circa 75 -90 de nucleotide \u0219i posed\u0103 regiuni bicatenare ", "2. XIST - ARN este responsabil de apari\u021bia corpusculului Barr la vertebrate ", "3. ARN -r are o arhitectur\u0103 tridimensional\u0103, asem\u0103n\u0103t oare unei schele ", "4. ARN -r 18 S intervine \u00een pozi\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a ARNm \u00een timpul transla\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pentru detectarea prenatal\u0103 a unor maladii ereditare se pot utiliza:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. amniocenteza ", "2. biopsia \u021besutului din corion ", "3. punc\u021bia \u00een cordonul ombilical ", "4. anticorpii monoclonali " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la modific\u0103rile clim atice determinate \u00een mediul urban comparativ cu mediul rural adiacent, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. radia\u021biile ultraviolete sunt mai intense \u00een perioada iernii ", "2. curen\u021bii de aer au o vitez\u0103 medie anual\u0103 cu 10 -20% mai mare ", "3. umiditatea relativ\u0103 este mai mare cu 8 -10% va ra ", "4. precipita\u021biile sunt mai intense cu aproximativ 5 -30% " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. facilit eaz\u0103 diferen\u021bierea celular\u0103 \u00een anumite stadii ", "2. declan\u0219eaz\u0103 apoptoza \u00een celule cu muta\u021bii acumulate ", "3. codific\u0103 proteine care blocheaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea celular\u0103 ", "4. intervin \u00een supresia unor protooncogene " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asoci erea corect\u0103 \u00eentre tipul de celule \u0219i tipul de cancer specific acestora :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. celule epiteliale - carcinom ", "2. celule mezenchimale - sarcom ", "3. celule din m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 - mielom ", "4. globule ro\u0219ii - limfom " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dele\u0163ia :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. poate ap\u0103rea la nivelul situsurilor fragile, al\u0103turi de transloca\u021bie ", "2. unei nucleotide din bra\u021bul scurt al cromozomului 5 determin\u0103 cri-du-chat ", "3. este implicat\u0103 \u00een majoritatea cazurilor de cancer pulmonar cu celule mici (SCLC) ", "4. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba unui mic segment cromozom ial \u00een stare dubl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Satelitul cromozom ial:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. este \u00eenso\u021bit de kinetocor ", "2. apare ca o lacun\u0103 cromatidic\u0103 ", "3. reprezint\u0103 un situs fragil ", "4. este o regiune heterocromati nic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Comportamentul unui b\u0103rbat:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 capa citatea de observare a leg\u0103turilor cauzale dintre fenomene ", "2. devine agresiv dup\u0103 producerea unor spermatozoizi care au n=24, YY ", "3. este modificat fa\u021b\u0103 de normal dac\u0103 celulele sale somatice au 2n = 47, XXX ", "4. este modific at \u00een sindro ame precum Williams , Jacobs, Hu nter " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Distonia \u0219i distrofia Duchenne sunt maladii:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. autozomale ", "2. heterozomale ", "3. exclusiv masculine ", "4. monogenice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul 9 con\u021bine:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. o gen\u0103 a c\u0103rei muta\u021bie poate determina cancere tegumentare ", "2. segmente ce pot fi implicate \u00een leucemia cronic\u0103 granulocitar\u0103 ", "3. gene ce pot sta la baza unui fenotip de grup sangvin codominant ", "4. gena catepsin D implicat\u0103 \u00een determin ismul genetic al inteligen\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00centr -un ecosistem natural:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. toat\u0103 energia luminoas\u0103 incident\u0103 pe suprafe\u021bele foliare este valorificat\u0103 fo tosintetic ", "2. o parte din produc\u021bia primar\u0103 brut\u0103 este folosit\u0103 pentru metabolismul produc\u0103torilor ", "3. toat\u0103 produc\u021bia primar\u0103 net\u0103 este consumat\u0103 de consumatorii primari fitofagi ", "4. \u00een transferul de biomas\u0103 de la un nivel trofic la altul exist\u0103 mereu substan\u021be neut ilizate " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele metode de diagnostic prenatal furnizeaz\u0103 probe pentru depistarea :", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. hemoglobinopati ilor f\u0103tului - punc\u021bia \u00een cordonul ombilical ", "2. anomali ilor numerice autozomale \u0219i heterozomale - biopsia fetal\u0103 ", "3. miopati ei Duchenne \u0219i a drepanocitoz ei - amniocenteza ", "4. infec\u021biilor virale fetale \u2013 m\u0103surarea distan\u021bei pubis -fund uterin " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen ecosistemele antropizate:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. speciile cu frecven\u021ba peste 25% sunt considerate accidentale ", "2. \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 cre\u0219te riscul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a febrei galbene ", "3. inunda\u021biile cresc inciden\u021ba onchocercozei transmise prin \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari ", "4. plumbul poate induce la copii tulbur\u0103ri de aten\u021bie \u0219i sc\u0103derea IQ-ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsurile corecte privind caracteristicile structurale ale cromozomilor umani:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. prezint\u0103 secven\u021be A \u2013 T identificate prin tehnica de bandare R ", "2. codific\u0103 proteinele HLA \u00een cazul perechii a 7-a de cromozomi ", "3. con\u021bin 93% ADN codificator \u0219i 2 -3% secven\u021be de ADN repetitiv ", "4. prezint\u0103 constric\u021bii secundare \u00een cazul cromozomilor 1,9,16 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Genele care se afl\u0103 \u00een mai multe copii pe cromozomul Y codific\u0103 :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. proteine ribozomale ", "2. factori pentru smal\u021bul dentar ", "3. factori de transcrip\u021bie ", "4. proteine pentru legarea ARN -ului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarele boli genice dominante pot afecta scheletul:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. sindromul Patau ", "2. acondroplazia ", "3. sindrom Hunter ", "4. hipofosfatazemia " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen cartarea unui genom se pot utiliza h\u0103r\u021bi :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. fizice ", "2. genetice ", "3. citologice ", "4. integrate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Microcefalia poate fi indus\u0103 de urm\u0103torii agen\u021bi teratogeni:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. virusul varicelei ", "2. Toxoplasma ", "3. Herpes virus ", "4. radia\u021bii X " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Specii de plante invazive p\u0103trunse spontan \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103 sunt:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Lepomis gibbosus ", "2. Lantana camara ", "3. Phyloxera vitifolii ", "4. Elodea canadensis " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele spre deosebire de interferoni:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. sunt codificate de 7 pseudogene \u0219i 14 gene ", "2. sunt sintetizate numai de limfocitele T ", "3. sunt utilizate \u00een tratamentul bolilor canceroase ", "4. au \u0219i lan\u021buri care con\u021bin 220 de aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele asocieri privind cromozomul 7:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. trisomie - limfom folicular ", "2. bra\u021bul q - gena pentru catena \u03b1 BRC ", "3. submetacentric - 3 regiuni p ", "4. dele\u021bie 7q - leiomiom uterin " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Gen a din pozi\u021bi a:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. 9q35 determin\u0103 prin muta\u021bie, distonia ", "2. 14q recuno a\u0219te antigenii HLA - A ", "3. 6q codific\u0103 antigenii HLA - DQ ", "4. 9q34 este implicat\u0103 \u00eentr -o transloca\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Boala Parkinson poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 de :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. streptomicin\u0103 ", "2. progestine ", "3. chloroquin\u0103 ", "4. mercur " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pot genera ca ncer pulmonar :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. dele\u021biile autozomale 3p, 9p, 17p ", "2. gudronul, metalele grele - cadmiul ", "3. diverse forme de energi e nuclear\u0103 ", "4. transloca\u021biile 11q24 \u0219i 22q12 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Interferonul beta :", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. este codificat de o gen\u0103 a cromozomului 12 ", "2. din punct de vedere chimic con\u021bine \u0219i acizi sialici ", "3. a fost izolat \u00een anul 1947 de Sachs & Lindemann ", "4. este sintetizat de celule conjunctive - fibroblaste " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt organisme:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. invadatoare \u2013 Lonicera japonica ", "2. pe cale de dispari\u021bie \u2013 Dermochelys coriacea ", "3. foarte prolifice \u2013 Dreissena polymorpha ", "4. d\u0103un\u0103toare \u2013 Leptinotarsa decemlineata " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "nationala", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de pirimidine, purinele:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in heterocicli cu azot ", "B. au o grup are cetonic\u0103 ", "C. au 5 atomi de carbon \u00een cicluri ", "D. nu au grupare amino " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Oxigenul lipse\u0219te din molecula:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. bazelor pirimidinice ale ADN -ului ", "B. tuturor bazelor azotate ale ARN -ului ", "C. unei baze purinice din ADN \u0219i ARN ", "D. bazei aflate numai \u00een structura ARN -ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Guanina , spre deosebire de citozin\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. are \u00een structura ei o grupare - NH2 ", "B. se leag\u0103 prin N9 de pento z\u0103 ", "C. con\u021bine \u0219i atomi de oxigen ", "D. se poate metila \u00een pozi\u021bia C5 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "ARN mesager :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. la procariote, poate reprezenta copia a aproximativ 80% din genom ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 prin adi\u021bia ribonucleotidelor la cap\u0103tul 5 ` liber al catenei ", "C. asigur\u0103 transla\u0163ia pornind de la ultima nucleotid\u0103 a secven\u0163ei de ini\u0163iere ", "D. copiaz\u0103 informa\u0163ia genetic\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 catene complementare ale ADN -lui " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Leg\u0103turile fosfodiesterice :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. al\u0103turi de cele de hidrogen, asigur\u0103 stabilitatea ADN -ului la Parvovirus ", "B. au aceea\u015fi orientare pe cele dou\u0103 catene ale fagului X 174 ", "C. sunt macroergice, de natur\u0103 electrostatic\u0103 ", "D. nu se rup prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea ADN -ului la circa 90 de grade " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "ARNr de la eucariote:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. este de tip 18 S \u00een subunitatea ribozomal\u0103 mare ", "B. reprezint\u0103 circa 98% din ARN -ul celular ", "C. cel de 28S intr\u0103 \u00een s tructura aminoacil -sintetazelor ", "D. este asociat cu 50 de proteine, \u00een subunitatea mare ribozomal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen bucla de replicare:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. helicaza ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 numai \u00ee n sens 5\u2019 -3\u2019 ", "B. catene le au vitez\u0103 diferit\u0103 de replica\u0163ie ", "C. helicaza ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 numai \u00een sens 3\u2019 -5\u2019 ", "D. fragmente le Okazaki se alungesc prin C5 \u2019 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen proce sele de replicare sau transcrip\u021b ie intervin urm\u0103toarele enzime, cu excep\u021bia:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. helicazelor ", "B. ligazelor ", "C. polim erazelor ", "D. peptidazelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Polipeptidul sintetizat la nivel ribozomal se elibereaz\u0103 din :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. pozi\u0163ia E a subunit\u0103\u0163ii mici ", "B. pozi\u0163ia P a subunit\u0103\u0163ii mari ", "C. pozi\u0163ia E a subunit\u0103\u0163ii mari ", "D. pozi\u0163ia P a subunit\u0103\u0163ii mici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt codifica\u021bi de un num\u0103r diferit de codoni :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. fenilalanina \u0219i acidul glutamic ", "B. valina \u0219i treonina ", "C. leucina \u0219i arginina ", "D. valina \u0219i acidul glutamic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La procariote:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. genele structurale produc promotorul ", "B. genele operatoare produc inductorul ", "C. genele reglatoare produc co -represorul ", "D. represorul este codificat \u00een afara operonului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "ADN-giraza:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. reface spirala ADN dup\u0103 replica\u0163ie ", "B. formeaz\u0103 bucla de replica\u0163ie ", "C. men\u0163ine arhitectura genomului procariot ", "D. ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 concomitent cu helicaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Complexele H-R:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u0163iul intersti\u0163ial ", "B. con\u0163in molecule de steroizi ", "C. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 de molecula AR Nm ", "D. ini\u0163iaz\u0103 heterocromatinizarea ADN " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La bacterii, reglajul genetic se realizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. pe termen scurt \u015fi lung ", "B. la nivelul transla\u0163iei ", "C. prin heterocromatinizare ", "D. la nivelul transcrip\u0163iei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Heritabilitatea este mai ridicat \u0103 la:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. diabetul de tip II ", "B. schizofrenia ", "C. diabetul de tip I ", "D. depresia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "La E. coli, ARN polimer aza \u00ee\u015fi m\u0103re\u015fte afinitatea la promotor , dac\u0103 :", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. triptofanul este \u00een concentra\u0163ie ridicat\u0103 ", "B. lactoza este \u00een concentra\u0163ie sc\u0103zut\u0103 ", "C. se leag\u0103 de genele operatoare ", "D. \u00een mediu l intr acelular exist\u0103 AMPc " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Transacetilaza :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. este implicat \u0103 \u00een transcrip\u0163ia ADN ", "B. particip\u0103 la metabolizarea lactozei ", "C. este codificat\u0103 \u00een operonul triptofanului ", "D. se sintetizaz\u0103 de c\u0103tre gena Lac y " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Este sindrom X -linkat :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. Klinefelter ", "B. Turner ", "C. Hunter ", "D. Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Anticodonul UAC :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 \u00een pozi\u0163ia E ribzomal\u0103 ", "B. apar\u0163ine ARNt ini\u0163iator ", "C. se leag\u0103 de un codon STOP ", "D. se deta\u015feaz\u0103 de ribozom \u00een pozi\u0163ia P " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Care din caracteristici le materialului genetic lipse\u0219te la eucariote :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. cel extranuclear are transcrip\u021bie continu\u0103 ", "B. genele nucleare sunt organizate \u00een operoni ", "C. este asociat cu proteine histonice ", "D. este preponderent necodificator " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen cadrul rasei albe sunt dolicocefali indivizii din subrasele:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. nordic\u0103 \u0219i mediteranoid\u0103 ", "B. esteuropoid\u0103 \u0219i alpin\u0103 ", "C. dinaric\u0103 \u0219i mediteranoid\u0103 ", "D. aplin\u0103 \u0219i dinaric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Un cuplu \u00een care un p\u0103rinte are spr\u00e2ncene sub\u021biri, iar cel\u0103lalt are spr\u00e2ncene gro ase \u015fi are p\u0103rin\u021bii homozigo\u021bi, va avea copii cu spr\u00e2ncene groase \u00een procent de:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. 25% ", "B. 50% ", "C. 75% ", "D. 100% " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Un cuplu de indivizi s\u0103n\u0103to\u015fi are patru copii: un b\u0103iat cu daltonism, \u015fi trei fete fenotipic normale. Genotipul p\u0103rin\u0163ilor este:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. XO \u015fi XdY ", "B. XXh \u015fi XY ", "C. XXd \u015fi XY ", "D. XX \u015fi XdY " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen fenilcetonurie:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. fenilalanina se transform\u0103 \u00een acid homogentisic ", "B. acidul fenilpiruvic se transform\u0103 \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", "C. poate fi afectat\u0103 sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni ", "D. se acumuleaz\u0103 fenilalanin\u0103 toxic\u0103 pentru sistemul nervos " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celulele hibridoma produc\u0103toare de anticorpi sunt:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. celule ob\u0163inut e prin hibridare a molecular\u0103 a ADN ", "B. hibrizi \u00eentre limfocite \u015fi bacterii ", "C. provenite din celule tip mielom \u0219i limfocite B ", "D. celule sexuale transformate malign " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen cromozomul 6 exist\u0103 gene care intervin \u00een determinismul:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. grupelor de s\u00e2nge \u2013 sistemul ABO ", "B. inteligen\u0163 ei ", "C. sindromului Rett ", "D. leucemie i cronice mieloide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Clasa I de antigeni HLA:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 respingerea lent\u0103 a unui transplant ", "B. activeaz\u0103 limfocitele T \u015fi B \u00een ganglionii limfatici ", "C. sunt exprima\u0163i numai pe celulele sistemului imun ", "D. se testeaz\u0103 prin reac\u0163ia de amestec limfocitar " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin analiza biochimic\u0103 a lichidului amniotic, se poate depista:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. mucoviscidoza ", "B. sindromul XXX ", "C. mongoloismul ", "D. sindromul XYY " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Luxa\u021bia congenital\u0103 de \u0219old:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. este mai frecvent\u0103 la fete, ca \u0219i distrofia muscular\u0103 Duchenne ", "B. este o boal\u0103 determinat\u0103 de mai mul\u0163i f actori ", "C. circa10% dintre copii afecta\u021bi se nasc din p\u0103rin\u021bi normali ", "D. apare prin dele\u021bia par\u021bial\u0103 a unui cromozom din perechea 9 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Mastocitele:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sunt limfocite B implicate \u00een reac\u021biile alergice ", "B. au pe suprafa\u021b\u0103 Ig M, care interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu alergenii ", "C. con\u021bi n \u00een citoplasm\u0103 granule de histamin\u0103 ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een \u021besutul epitelial cutanat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O.T. Avery \u015fi colaboratorii :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. au ob\u0163inut bacterii virulente sub influen\u021ba ADN -ului de tip S ", "2. au eliminat virulen\u021ba bacteriilor sub influen\u0163a proteinelor de tip R ", "3. au efectuat experien\u0163e de transformare genetic\u0103 la bacterii ", "4. au transferat ADN de la o form\u0103 de bacili la alta " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen experimentul efectuat de Meselson \u0219i Stahl:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. eprubetele cu solu\u021bia de ADN au fost plasate \u00een centrifug\u0103 orizontal ", "2. s-a folosit clorur \u0103 de cesiu, pentru dizolvarea ADN -ului ", "3. bacteriile au fost cultivate ini\u021bial pe mediu cu azot greu ", "4. \u00een ADN -ul extras de la a doua genera\u021bie s -au identificat dou\u0103 benzi " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cempreun\u0103, c ele dou\u0103 catene ale unei molecule de ADN :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. au acela\u0219i num\u0103r de baze azotate purinice \u015fi pirimidinice ", "2. formeaz\u0103 hibrizi moleculari prin renaturare ", "3. se men\u021bin prin pun\u021bile de H realizate cu atomii de O sau N ", "4. sunt transcrise \u00eentr -o singur\u0103 molecul\u0103 de ARNm " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt baze azotate ne metilate :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. citozina ", "2. guanina ", "3. adenina ", "4. timina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Replica\u0163ia ADN -ului:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. necesit\u0103 prezen\u0163a enzimelor ARN -polimeraz\u0103 \u015fi ligaz\u0103 ", "2. nu are loc pe parcursul diviziunii meiotice sau mitotice ", "3. are la baz\u0103 informa\u0163ia genetic\u0103 din catenele 5' \u21923' \u0219i 3' \u21925' ", "4. produce dou\u0103 molecule de ADN, una veche \u015fi una nou\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Alege\u0163i afirma\u0163iile corecte legate de tipurile de ARN:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. ARN viral este material genetic al virusului herpetic ", "2. ARN solubil prezint\u0103 un loc de ata\u0219are a aminoacidului ", "3. ARN mesager are lungimea \u00een func\u0163ie de m\u0103rimea ribozomilor ", "4. ARN ribozomal este prezent \u00ee n celulele procariote \u015fi eucariote " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O caten\u0103 de ARNm, GGGGGCGGA, codific\u0103 catena polipeptidic\u0103 glicin\u0103 -glicin\u0103 -glicin\u0103. Despre codul genetic se poate spune c\u0103 este:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. f\u0103r\u0103 virgule, deoarece \u00eentre cei trei codoni nu exist\u0103 alte nucleotide ", "2. univers al, deoarece polipeptidul are numai glicin\u0103, la orice specie ", "3. nesuprapus, deoarece are numai trei codoni ", "4. degenerat, deoarece codonul GGG poate codifica \u015fi glutamina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Ribov irusurile:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 provirusuri , deoarece sunt primele ap\u0103rute pe Terra ", "2. fac parte din categoria sistemelor acelulare, al\u0103turi de prioni ", "3. con\u0163in plasmide cu care se pot recombina genetic prin crossing -over ", "4. au ca reprezentan\u021bi virusul gripal, HIV, VMT, reovirusuri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Genomul retrovirusurilor:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. poate cauza cancerul \u021besutului epi telial, \u00een cazul VSR ", "2. este \u00een co ntact cu o anvelop\u0103 glucidic\u0103 ", "3. este segmentat, \u00een cazul virusului hepatitei B ", "4. necesit\u0103 conversia \u00een ADN, pentru inser\u0163 ia \u00een genomul gazdei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de multiplicare al virusurilor, celula infectat\u0103 asigur\u0103:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. aminoacizi i \u0219i ribozomii pentru sinteza proteinelor ", "2. ARN polimeraza implicat\u0103 \u00een transcrip\u021bie ", "3. nucleotidele pentru sinteza genomului viral ", "4. informa\u0163ia genetic\u0103 viral\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Despr e operonul Lac de la E. coli se poate afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. gena Lac 1 face parte din structura operon ului ", "2. gena operatoare este activat\u0103 de permeaz\u0103 ", "3. spre deosebire de operon ul trp, este activ \u00een mod normal ", "4. include trei gene structurale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Metabolismul triptofanului la bacterii este:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. o cale de tip anabolic ", "2. reglat prin induc\u0163ie enzimatic\u0103 ", "3. reglat pr in represie enzimatic\u0103 ", "4. o cale de tip catabolic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen dezvoltarea embrionar\u0103, stadiul de gastrul\u0103:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. precede stadiul de blastul\u0103 ", "2. delimiteaz\u0103 \u00een concavitate a sa blastocelul ", "3. este o mas\u0103 celular\u0103 compact\u0103 ", "4. con\u0163ine dou\u0103 straturi celulare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "\u00cen tehnica PCR, temperatu ra de 720 este optim\u0103 pentru :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. ac\u0163iunea helicazelor ", "2. ata\u015farea nucleotidelor ", "3. legarea primerilor ", "4. activitatea polimerazei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt cromozomi acrocentrici cu sateli\u0163i :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. cromozomul 13 ", "2. cromozomul 15 ", "3. cromozomul 21 ", "4. cromozomul Y " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Despre bandarea cromozomial\u0103 es te adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. \u00een sindromul \u201eCri du chat \u201d lipsesc benzi din cromozomul 5 ", "2. benzile G \u0219i Q au alt\u0103 pozi\u0163ie dec\u00e2t R ", "3. tehnica mBAND permite identif icarea abera \u0163iilor cromozomiale ", "4. se folosesc cromozomi metafazici din limfocite " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Primerii :", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. se mai numesc amorse ", "2. \u00eencep cu codoni START ", "3. sunt oligonucleotide ", "4. con\u0163in aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sunt vectori ai genelor:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. plasmidele ", "2. lipozomii ", "3. virusurile ", "4. dictiozomii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Prin participarea la fecunda\u0163ie a game\u0163ilor , pot apare urm\u0103toarele sindroame :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. 22YY \u2013 sindromul Jacobs ", "2. 23Y \u2013 sindromul Pa tau ", "3. 23X \u2013 sindromul Edwards ", "4. 21X \u2013 sindromul Prader -Willi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. cuprinde \u00een grupa B cromozomi submetacentrici ", "2. are grupe ce cuprind \u00eentre 2 \u0219i 7 perechi de cromozomi somatici ", "3. include cromozomi cu satelit \u00een grupele D \u015fi G ", "4. prezint\u0103 6 grupe de autozomi \u015fi o grup\u0103 de heterozomi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Sindromul Patau se deosebe\u0219te de sindromul Down prin:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. mecanismul de apari\u021bie al anomaliei cromozomiale ", "2. prezen\u021ba de malforma\u021bii ale scheletului \u0219i ale inimii ", "3. afectarea numeric\u0103 a autozomilor ", "4. durat a de via\u021b\u0103 a persoanelor bolnave " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de amplificare genic\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een cazul genelor pentru sinteza ARNt de la Hyacinthus orientalis ", "2. poate determina transformarea proto -oncogenelor \u00een oncogene ", "3. poate fi depistat prin hibridizarea geno mic\u0103 comparativ\u0103 ", "4. are loc numai prin replicarea adi\u021bional\u0103 a ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Distrofia Duchenne :", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. se manifest\u0103 la b\u0103ie\u0163i, deoarece sunt hemizigo\u021bi ", "2. poate fi depistat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 ", "3. este determinat\u0103 de o dele\u021bie genic\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103 ", "4. se manifest\u0103 prin dificult\u0103\u0163i \u00een locomo\u0163ie \u00eenc\u0103 din copil\u0103rie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Biopsia \u0163esutului corionic:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se poate practica \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "2. detecteaz\u0103 anemia falciform\u0103 prin analize cariotipice ", "3. presupune prelevarea celulelor de la nivelul placentei ", "4. este o metod\u0103 invaziv\u0103 ce permi te extragerea ovocitelor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Amniocenteza \u015fi biopsia \u0163esutului corionic :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. permit detectarea unor anomalii cromozomiale ", "2. implic\u0103 un ris c de avort ", "3. permit efectuarea de teste biochimice ", "4. se pot realiza doar \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Cauza retinobl astomului este inactivarea:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. oncogenelor ", "2. antioncogenelor ", "3. protooncogenelor ", "4. genelor supresoare tumorale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Limfocitele B:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 ", "2. prezint\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba lor IgD ", "3. devin plasmocite bogate \u00een dictiozomi ", "4. sunt stimulate de interleukin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Unele tipuri de limfocite T:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. pot amplifica r\u0103spunsul limfocitelor B ", "2. au receptori pentru citokine, asigur\u00e2nd imunitatea umoral\u0103 ", "3. fagociteaz\u0103 celule care poart\u0103 antigene de histocompatibilitate ", "4. au ca markeri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 HLA -DQ, din clasa I " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "Celulele st em:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. pot genera clone tisulare ", "2. sunt celule nediferen\u0163iate ", "3. se pot folosi pentru tratamentul bolii Parkinson ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva hematogen\u0103 a oaselor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "O molecul\u0103 de imunoglobulin\u0103 are \u00een structura sa:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi simetrice ", "2. leg\u0103turi disulfidice, intra \u0219i intercatenare ", "3. situsuri specifice de combinare cu antigenii ", "4. lan\u021buri u\u0219oare de tip alpha \u0219i kappa " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2014" }, { "question": "A.R.N. -ul mesager:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. este liniar cu por\u021biuni bicatenare ", "B. poate constitui genomul retrovirusurilor ", "C. reprezint\u0103 80 -90 % din ARN -ul celular ", "D. ata\u0219eaz\u0103 factori de eliberare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Gena Kibra influen\u021beaz\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219terea visceral\u0103 ", "B. procesul de memorare ", "C. sinteza anticorpilor ", "D. exprimarea antigenelor HLA " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pneumococii trata\u021bi termic de Griffith erau :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. nevirulen\u0163i f\u0103r\u0103 capsul\u0103 ", "B. virulen\u021bi cu capsul\u0103 ", "C. nevirulen\u021bi cu capsul\u0103 ", "D. virulen\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 capsul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Adenina, spre deosebire de guanin\u0103 :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. se leag\u0103 prin trei pun\u0163i de hidrogen ", "B. este prezent\u0103 doar \u00een ADN ", "C. apar\u021bine bazelor purinice ", "D. este complementar\u0103 cu dou\u0103 pirimidine " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Pozi\u021bia P a ribozomului:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura peptidic\u0103 dintre aminoacizi ", "B. leag\u0103 ARN ribozomal de aminoacizi ", "C. ata\u015feaz\u0103 ARNt de aminoacidul specific ", "D. este situat \u0103 pe subunitatea mare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sindromul de cancer nonpolipozic colorectal ereditar poate afecta :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", "B. rinichii ", "C. mu\u0219chii ", "D. retina " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Nu este enzimopatie:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. albinismul ", "B. alcaptonuria ", "C. hemofilia ", "D. fenilcetonuria " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Philadelphia :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. apar\u021bine grupei C ", "B. este submetacentric ", "C. apare prin dele\u021bie ", "D. este mai mare dec\u00e2t Y " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Amorsele folosite \u00een PCR sunt:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. oligonucleotide sintetizate \u201e\u00een vivo\u201d ", "B. fragmente bicatenare de nucleotide ", "C. lan\u0163uri monocatenare foarte scurte ", "D. fragmente scurte de oligopeptide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Este caracter dominant:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. spr\u00e2ncene sub\u021biri ", "B. gene scurte ", "C. lobul urechii liber ", "D. pielea alb\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Factorul sigma:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. intervine \u00een transla\u021bie ", "B. previne formarea buclei de replicare ", "C. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 de ribozomi ", "D. leag\u0103 ARN -polimeraza de ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura bazelor azotate purinice se afl\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. un hexaciclu cu 6 atomi de C ", "B. leg\u0103turi triple \u00eentre cicluri ", "C. dou\u0103 ciclu ri cu c\u00e2te 2 atomi de N ", "D. o leg\u0103tur\u0103 cetonic\u0103 \u00een pentaciclu " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Copierea informa\u0163iei de pe o secven\u0163\u0103 de dezoxiribonucleotide pe o secven\u0163\u0103 de ribonucleotide se realizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. cu ajutorul factorului sigma ", "B. dup\u0103 modelul semiconservativ ", "C. \u00een procesul de transla\u0163ie ", "D. cu ajutorul reverstranscriptazei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen perioada G1 a interfazei:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. ARN -ul se dubleaz\u0103 ", "B. celulele sunt haploide ", "C. ADN -ul este monocatenar ", "D. cromozomii sunt monocromatidici " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ARN nuclear mic:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. se sintetizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul ARN -polimeraza II ", "B. \u00een mod normal se noteaz\u0103 sno-RNA ", "C. intervine \u00een maturarea ARN -m ", "D. inactiveaz\u0103 unul din cromozomii X " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la procariote intervine:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. gena operatoare, situat\u0103 \u00eenaintea promotorului ", "B. gena reglatoare, care sintetizeaz\u0103 corepresorul ", "C. promotorul, cu rol \u00een recunoa\u015fterea ADN \u2013 polimerazei ", "D. represorul, o protein\u0103 ce se poate asocia cu operatorul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Con\u021bine ARN \u00een genom \u0219i lipide \u00ee n anvelop\u0103 :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. bacteriofagul T2 ", "B. virusul gripal ", "C. virusul mozaicului tutunului ", "D. virusul herpesului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sindromul Prader -Willi se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. hipersociabilitate ", "B. fotosensibilitate cutanat\u0103 ", "C. emotivitate accentuat\u0103 ", "D. apetit alimentar exagerat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Stabili\u021bi asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. cromozomul X \u2013 gene pentru \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea corpului ", "B. cromozomul 6 \u2013 gene pentru grupele de s\u00e2nge AB0 ", "C. cromozomul 9 \u2013 gena catepsin D pentru inteligen\u021b\u0103 ", "D. cromozomul 11 - gena pentru factorul IX al coagul\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Transloca\u021biile:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. constau \u00een transfer de gene \u00eentre cromozomi omologi ", "B. pot ap\u0103rea \u00een zona unor situsuri fragile ", "C. sunt condi\u021bionate de prezen\u021ba telomerului pe cromozom ", "D. stau la baza unor limfoame \u0219i a retinoblastomului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. de tip M sunt cele mai numeroase ", "B. sunt produse de plasmocite transformate \u00een limfocite B ", "C. de tip G pot str\u0103bate placenta la om ", "D. sunt clasificate \u00een func\u0163ie de lan\u0163urile u\u015foare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ADN -ul de tip B:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. are o rota\u021bie a moleculei spre st\u00e2nga ", "B. prezint\u0103 12 perechi de baze/ pas de elice ", "C. diametrul moleculei este de 19 \u00c5 ", "D. prezint\u0103 o singur\u0103 scobitur\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Complexele majore de histocompatibilitate:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. apar\u021bin mecanismului de ap\u0103rare nespecific\u0103 a organismului ", "B. se g\u0103sec pe suprafa\u021ba membranei unui num\u0103r redus de celule ale corpului ", "C. contribu ie la identificarea de c\u0103tre limfocite a structurilor self de cele nonself ", "D. sunt produse de limfocitele B \u00een contact cu anticorpii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Erwin Chargaff a determinat:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. reac\u021bia de polimerizare \u00eenl\u0103n\u021buit\u0103 ", "B. procesul de amplificare a unei molecule de ADN ", "C. existen\u021ba unor raporturi \u00eentre bazele azotate A -T \u0219i G -C ", "D. structura spa\u021bial\u0103 a macromoleculei de ADN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Analiza enzimatic\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een genomica structural\u0103, permite:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. ob\u021binerea de organisme transgenice ", "B. determinarea structurii unei pr oteine ", "C. separarea moleculelor \u00eentr -un c\u00e2mp electric ", "D. eviden\u021bierea structurii tridimensionale a acizilor nucleici " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Anticodonul:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. este situat al\u0103turi de regiunea de recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i legare a aminoacidului ", "B. este format din dou\u0103 secven\u021be a c \u00e2te trei nucleotide ", "C. serve\u0219te ca loc de cuplare cu un codon din structura ADN -ului ", "D. este plasat \u00een buc la central\u0103 a moleculei de ARNt " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T \u0219i B intervin \u00een r\u0103spunsul imun, astfel:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. limfocitele T -citotoxice inhib\u0103 limfocitele T \u0219i B efectoare ", "B. limfocitele B reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la toate tipurile de antigeni liberi ", "C. limfocitele T -helper intervin \u00een formarea limfocitelor cu memorie ", "D. limfocitele B produc interleukin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "La bacterii, lactoza :", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. blocheaz\u0103 promotorul operonului ", "B. se cupleaz\u0103 cu ADN -polimeraza ", "C. inactiveaz\u0103 represorul activ ", "D. activeaz\u0103 prima enzim\u0103 a operonului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Primul genom celular a fost descris la :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. Haemophilus influenzae ", "B. virusul MS2 ", "C. bacteriofagul \u0278 -X174 ", "D. Escherichia coli " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tempe ratura \u0219i timpul optim necesare pentru e tapa de alungire \u00een tehnica PCR, sunt:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. 68\u2070C timp de 45 sec ", "B. 72 \u2070C timp de 30 sec ", "C. 90\u2070C timp de 5 min ", "D. 72 \u2070C timp de 45 sec " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomul X:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. este prezent \u00een sindromul Jacobs ", "2. este cel mai mare heterozom ", "3. se transmite pe linie patern\u0103 ", "4. con\u021bine gene comune cu heterozomul Y " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Ribozomii se ata \u0219eaz\u0103 de ARNm :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. prin subunitatea mare ", "2. sub ac\u021biunea enzimei ARN -polimeraza ", "3. cu ajutorul ATP -azei ", "4. dup\u0103 legarea aminoacizilor de ARNt " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele normale :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. codific\u0103 proteine cu rol de anticorpi ", "2. inhib\u0103 diviziunea celular\u0103 ", "3. se afl\u0103 \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 \u00een genom ", "4. codific\u0103 proteine cu rol \u00een apoptoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Retroinhibi\u0163ia enzimatic\u0103 :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. este un mecanism de represie ", "2. se realizeaz\u0103 prin inhibarea izoleucinei ", "3. reprezint\u0103 un mecanism de feed -back negativ ", "4. are loc prin cuplarea represorului cu operonul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Din grupa retrovirusuri lor fac parte :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. bacteriofagii ", "2. virusul VMT ", "3. virusul gripal ", "4. virusul HIV " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Alergenii pot fi :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. anticorpi de tip I g E ", "2. substan\u021be non self ", "3. sintetizate de hist iocite ", "4. o categorie de antigene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Primozomul este constituit din:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. ADN -polimeraza ", "2. ADN -helicaza ", "3. ADN -topoizomeraza ", "4. ADN -primaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Substitu\u021bia guaninei cu timina \u00een secven\u021ba ACT este o muta\u021bie :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. punctiform\u0103 ", "2. non-sens ", "3. genic\u0103 ", "4. silen\u021bioas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Transpozonii:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. pot fi transcri\u015fi \u00een ARN ", "2. sunt fragmente de ADN ", "3. pot produce muta\u021bii genice ", "4. se pot insera oriunde \u00een genom " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Restrictele:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. sunt enzime de restric\u0163ie ", " 2. au \u201ecapete lipicioase\u201d ", " 3. se mai numesc \u015fi amorse ", " 4. migreaz\u0103 \u00een c\u00e2mpul electroforetic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Virusul herpetic are \u00een moleculele acidului s\u0103u nucleic:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. num\u0103rul bazelor purinice egal cu num\u0103rul bazelor pirimidinice ", "2. suma bazelor cu adenin\u0103 \u0219i citozin\u0103 egal\u0103 cu suma bazelor cu timin\u0103 \u0219i guanin\u0103 ", "3. num\u0103rul bazelor cu citozin\u0103 egal cu num\u0103rul bazelor cu guanin\u0103 ", "4. num\u0103rul bazelor cu adenin\u0103 egal cu num\u0103rul bazelor cu uracil " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Tipul A d e ADN :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. are molecula r\u0103sucit\u0103 spre st\u00e2nga ", "2. are 12 perechi de baze \u00een pasul elicei ", "3. are diametrul moleculei de 18 A ", "4. este \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een concentra\u021bii saline mari " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Transcrip\u0163ia \u015fi replica\u0163ia ADN -ului, au \u00een comun :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. principiul complementarit\u0103\u021bii ", "2. recunoa\u0219terea promotorului ", "3. utilizarea unor polimeraze ", "4. separarea exonilor de introni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen sinteza proteic\u0103 la eucariote, intervin urm\u0103toarele enzime:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. ARN -polimeraza ", "2. aminoacilsintetaza ", "3. peptid iltransferaza ", "4. ligaza " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. se replic\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur sens ", "2. are gene f\u0103r\u0103 promotor propriu ", "3. se replic\u0103 integrat \u00een cromozomii celulei gazd\u0103 ", "4. poate avea gene aflate \u00een mai multe copii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Referitor la particularit\u0103\u021bile genomului uman:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. gene de pe cromozomi diferi\u021bi pot fi implicate \u00een etape metabolice succesive ", "2. poate con\u021bine gene amplificate de sute de ori ", "3. con\u021bine gene de \u00eentre\u021binere care se exprim\u0103 de -a lungul ontogeneze i ", "4. poate con\u021bine gene inactive numite pseudogene " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomi submetacentrici se g\u0103sesc \u00een perechile:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. 5 ", "2. 12 ", "3. 18 ", "4. 21 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Sunt afec\u021biuni determinate de muta\u021bii autozomale:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. Edwards \u015fi Patau ", "2. Down \u015fi Hunter ", "3. Tay-Sachs \u015fi Huntington ", "4. Marfan \u015fi Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Mastocitele :", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. prelucreaz\u0103 antigene pentru a le prezenta limfocitelor ", "2. au pe membran\u0103 imunoglobuline E ", "3. elibereaz\u0103 histamin\u0103 \u0219i interleukine ", "4. sunt prezente \u00een organe digestive \u0219i respiratorii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cancerele pot afecta:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. mezenchim ul - sarcomul ", "2. m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 - mielomul ", "3. globulele albe - leucemia ", "4. epiteliile - carcinomul " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Metabolismul triptofanului la bacterii este:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. o cale de tip anabolic ", "2. reglat prin induc\u021bie enzimatic\u0103 ", "3. reglat prin represie enzimatic\u0103 ", "4. o cale de tip catabolic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen stadiul II al cancerului, celulele canceroase se comport\u0103 astfel:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. redob\u00e2ndesc inhibi\u021bia de contact \u0219i proprietatea de aderen\u021b\u0103 ", "2. invadeaz\u0103 regiunile \u00eenvecinate \u0219i p\u0103trund \u00een vasele limfatice ", "3. p\u0103trund \u00een celelalte organe ale corpului form\u00e2nd metastaze ", "4. invadeaz\u0103 regiunile \u00eenvecinate f\u0103r\u0103 a p\u0103trunde \u00een vasele limfatice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Cromozomii umani:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. pot avea un num\u0103r de benzi cuprins \u00eentre 400 \u0219i 850 ", "2. au fost observa\u021bi p entru prima dat\u0103 de Flemming \u0219i Arnold ", "3. sunt 24 de tipuri, fiecare tip av\u00e2nd varia\u021bii specifice ", "4. num\u0103rul lor real a fost descoperit \u00een anul 1955 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ARN -ul primer:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. este sintetizat sub ac\u021biunea enzimei ADN -polimeraza ", "2. \u00een timpul replica\u021biei este descompus \u0219i \u00eenlocuit ", "3. este un fragment alc\u0103tuit din c\u00e2teva mii de nucleotide ", "4. este dispus de -a lungul catenei de ADN - matri\u021b\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de alungire a procesului de transla\u021bie are loc :", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. recunoa\u0219te rea codonului prin legarea complex ului ARNt -aminoacid ", "2. legarea factorului de eliberare la ARNm \u00een pozi\u021bia A a ribozomului ", "3. formarea leg\u0103turii peptidice \u00eentre gruparea amino \u0219i gruparea carboxil ", "4. legarea aminoacizilor de un ARNr specific, sub ac\u021biunea unei aminoacil -sintetaze " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul genelor autozomale dominante:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. caracterul pe care \u00eel determin\u0103 nu dispare \u00een nicio genera\u021bie ", "2. se transmit preferen\u021bial la un anumit sex ", "3. persoana afectat\u0103 are cel pu\u021bin un p\u0103rinte care prezint\u0103 caracterul respectiv ", "4. se transmit la descenden\u021bi doar atunci c\u00e2nd p\u0103rin\u021bii sunt \u00eenrudi\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. prin muta\u021bie devin variante genice inactive ", " 2. \u00een stare activ\u0103 provoc\u0103 diferite forme de cancer ", "3. \u00een mod normal inhib\u0103 diviziunea celular\u0103 ", "4. pot suferi muta\u021bii doar la nivelul g ame\u021bilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Provoac\u0103 malforma\u021bii a le sistemlui nervos central :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. acidul valproic ", "2. fenitoinul ", "3. antagon\u0219tii acidului folic ", "4. thalidomida " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Superr\u0103sucirea pozitiv\u0103 a ADN -ului la procariote:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. are loc \u00een sensul acelor de ceasornic ", "2. prezint\u0103 aproximativ 400 -500 de perechi de nucleotide ", "3. poate fi eliminat\u0103 prin ac\u021biunea unei dezoxiribonucleaze ", "4. limiteaz\u0103 procesul de transcrip\u021bie a informa\u021biei genetice " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "Prezint\u0103 ADN monocatenar:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. virusul HIV ", "2. reovirusurile ", "3. virusul hepatitei B ", "4. parvovirusul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2015" }, { "question": "ADN -topoizomerazele:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. realizeaz\u0103 ata\u0219area de nucleotide noi ", "B. \u00eendep\u0103rtez\u0103 o secven\u021b\u0103 de nucleotide ", "C. ini\u021biaz\u0103 sinteza proteinelor ", "D. reduc tensiunea \u00een catenele de ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Activarea unei catene polipeptidice se poate realiza prin:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. r\u0103sucirea sau plierea catenelor ", "B. a\u0219ezarea aminoacizilor \u00eentr -o anumit\u0103 succesiune ", "C. ad\u0103ugarea uneia sau mai multor grup\u0103ri carbohidrat ", "D. prin desprinderea aminoacidului metionina -formiat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Catena matri\u021b\u0103 a ADN -ului care se replic\u0103:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 activitatea ADN -polimerazei ", "B. este citit\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een sensul 5 \u2019 \u2013 3\u2019 ", "C. este numit\u0103 caten\u0103 lagging st rand ", "D. se sintetizeaz\u0103 pe buc\u0103\u021bi, prin fagmente Okazaki " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ADN -monocatenar reprezint\u0103 genomul la:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. virusul hepatitei B ", "B. bacteriofagul T4 ", "C. parvovirus ", "D. virusul turb\u0103rii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Reglajul genetic pe termen scurt la nivelul genelor:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. se realiz eaz\u0103 prin mecanisme moleculare i revesibile ", "B. reprezint\u0103 un r\u0103spuns la sti muli din mediul intern sau extern ", "C. asigur\u0103 spe cializarea structural\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 a eucariotelor ", "D. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu apari\u021bia cromatinei sexuale \u00een nucleu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Aminoacilsintetazele:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. num\u0103rul lor este \u00eentotdeauna mai mare dec\u00e2t num\u0103rul aminoacizilor ", "B. intervin direct asupra leg\u0103rii aminoacizilor \u00een catena polipeptidic\u0103 ", "C. catalizeaz\u0103 formarea leg\u0103turii covalente \u00eentre aminoacid \u0219i ARNt -ul s\u0103u ", "D. sunt active \u00een faza de ini\u021biere a proces ului de transcrip\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ADN -ul de tip B:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. are diametrul moleculei de 18\u00c5 ", "B. este singurul tip de ADN cu r\u0103sucire spre dreapta ", "C. are 10 perechi de baze pe pas de elice ", "D. bazele azotate sunt \u00eenclinate fa\u0163\u0103 de planul orizontal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Gena X -IST:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. codific\u0103 un transcript de activare a cromozomului X ", "B. se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea Xq 23 \u0219i are o m\u0103rime de 450 kb ", "C. se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul de inactivare al cromozomului X ", "D. a fost descoperit\u0103 la masculii speciei Planococcus citri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina G :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. se nume \u015fte \u015fi \"anticorp timpuriu\" ", "B. prezint\u0103 pun\u0163i disulfidice \u00eentre lan\u0163urile \"H\" ", "C. are afinitate crescut\u0103 pentru alergeni ", "D. asigur\u0103 imunitatea celular\u0103 \u00een primele luni de via \u0163\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Macrofagele :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. sunt activate de alergenii sintetiza \u0163i de monocite ", "B. exprim\u0103 antigene din clasa II, codificate de regiunea BCA ", "C. asigur\u0103 imunitatea specific\u0103, al\u0103turi de eozinofile ", "D. prelucreaz\u0103 bac teriile cu ajutorul aparatului Golgi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Un cuplu de indivizi f\u0103r\u0103 probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate , care are trei copii: un b\u0103iat he mofilic \u015fi dou\u0103 fete s\u0103n\u0103toase, are genotipul:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. XO; X hY ", "B. XX; XY ", "C. XXh ; XY ", "D. XX; XhY " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Un individ cu o rice tip de trisomie \u0219i unul cu sindr om Klinefelter se aseam\u0103n\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. blocarea fusului de diviziune \u00een celulele lor sexuale ", "B. triplarea cromatinei sexuale \u00ee n celulele somatice ", "C. formul\u0103 cromozomial\u0103 de tip 2n+3 \u00een toate celulele ", "D. un p\u0103rinte care a suferit o non -disjnc\u021bie cromozomial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen alcaptonurie:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. fenilalanina este degradat\u0103 \u00een acid fumaric ", "B. este afectat\u0103 formarea hormonilor tiroidieni ", "C. acidul homogentisic se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een organis m ", "D. nu se mai sintetizeaz\u0103 melanina \u00een epiderm\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00centr -o hemoglobinopatie:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se pot \u00eencadra anemia, talasemia, hemofilia ", "B. pot ap\u0103rea deform\u0103ri scheletice \u0219i facies mongoloid ", "C. alungirea catenei beta a hemoglobinei determin\u0103 \u03b2 -talasemie ", "D. \u00eenlocuirea valinei din hemoglobin\u0103 determin\u0103 slaba fixare a O 2 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sindromul Menkes:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. apare \u00een urma muta\u021biei unei singure gene ", "B. este o afec\u021biune heterozomal\u0103 Y -linkat\u0103 ", "C. determin\u0103 coeficient de inteligen\u021b\u0103 110 -120 ", "D. se transmite \u00een descenden\u021b\u0103 dominant " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Conform ipotezei lui D avenport:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. cantitatea de melanin\u0103 cre\u015fte prin homozigotarea genelor recesive ", "B. concentra\u0163ia de melanin\u0103 din celulele unui mulatru dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte 55% ", "C. un cuplu de mulatri deschi\u015fi poate da na\u015ftere unui copil alb ", "D. radia\u021bia ultraviolet\u0103 determin\u0103 muta\u021bia genei P 1 \u00een gena p 1 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial uman:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. este stabil datorit\u0103 asocierii masive cu proteine ", "B. are o mare cantitate de ADN repetitiv ", "C. nu prezint\u0103 fenomene de recombinare 3 ", "D. se transmite X linkat pe linie matern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la f actorii mutageni:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. radia\u021biile neionizante de tip alfa pot produce dimeri T -T ", "B. acidul azotos poate transforma timina \u00een hipoxantin\u0103 ", "C. agen\u021bii alkilan\u021bi pot m\u0103ri viteza de transcrip\u021bie ", "D. transpozonii produc \u015fi copii ce au nevoie de reverstranscriptaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "P roteinele sistemului complement :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 6 \u015fi formeaz\u0103 un cilindru \u00een jurul antigenului ", "B. activeaz\u0103 limfocitele Tc, produc\u0103toare de interleukin\u0103 ", "C. de obicei se leag\u0103 de anticorpii liberi, plasmatici ", "D. C1-este activat\u0103 de complexul antigen -anticorp " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "RRG este cauzat\u0103 de :", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. procesele citotoxice ini \u0163iate de limfocitele B ", "B. ciclofosfamide \u015fi steroizi ", "C. polimorfismul extrem al MHC /HLA ", "D. histamina eliberat\u0103 sub ac \u0163iunea Ig D " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Amniocenteza \u015fi biopsia corial\u0103 permit depistarea la f\u0103t :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. a miopatiei Duchnne \u015fi mongolismului prin acela \u015fi tip de analiz\u0103 ", "B. anomaliilor cromozomiale materne din a 3 a lun\u0103 de sarcin\u0103 ", "C. a cromatinei sexuale la fe \u0163ii cu sindrom Turner ", "D. unor muta \u0163ii genice, prin analize biochimice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen clonarea terapeutic\u0103 se pot folosi :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. celulele stem din m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii ", "B. vectori artificiali virali \u015fi plasmide ", "C. ovule \"sterilizate \" genetic cu UV ", "D. nuclei haploizi din celulele epiteliale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Genele pentru sinteza interferonului :", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. codific\u0103 6 clase de proteine cu ac \u0163iune antiviral\u0103 ", "B. au fost identificate de A.I. Sachs \u015fi J. Lindemann ", "C. sunt active doar \u00een limfocitele T \u015fi B ", "D. se afl\u0103 \u00een cromozomi apar \u0163in\u00e2nd grupei C " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Alege \u0163i asocierea corect\u0103 referitoare la tipurile de interferon \u015fi afec \u0163iunile tratate :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. interferon alpha \u2013 hepatita C ", "B. interferon gamma \u2013 osteoporoz\u0103 ", "C. interferon beta \u2013 sarcomul Kaposi ", "D. interferon omega \u2013 melanom malign " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Heterozomul din grupa G:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. are dimensiuni mai mici dec\u00e2t cromozomul 22 ", "B. este un cromozom de tip acrocentric ", "C. lipse\u015fte la indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter ", "D. realizeaz\u0103 crossing -over cu cromozomul X " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Anticodonul:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. poate fi de tip ARN sau ADN ", "B. se leag\u0103 de aminoacidul transportat ", "C. este citit \u00een sensul 3` \u2013 5` ", "D. este complementar codonului din ADN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sistarea func\u0163ion\u0103rii operonului trp are loc c\u00e2nd:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. scade cantitatea de produs final ", "B. situsul operator este inactivat ", "C. cre\u015fte cantitatea de inductor ", "D. se ini\u0163iaz\u0103 procesul de transcrip\u0163ie " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul replic\u0103rii ADN:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. ARN -primaza determin\u0103 sinteza primerului ", "B. topoizomerazele induc r\u0103sucirea catenei ", "C. SSB catalizeaz\u0103 ruperea pun\u0163ilor de H ", "D. polimeraza III leag\u0103 fragmentele Okazaki " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Amorsele interac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu ADN -ul:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. \u00een prima etap\u0103 a PCR ", "B. \u00een prezen\u0163a Taq polimerazei ", "C. doar pe catena 3\u2019 -5\u2019 ", "D. la temperaturi de peste 90\u2070C " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Factorul de eliberare:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. desface catenele de ADN ", "B. intervine \u00een replica\u0163ia ADN -ului ", "C. \u00eencheie transla\u0163i a leg\u00e2ndu -se de ARNm ", "D. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 \u00een locusul E ribozomal " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la procariote, \u00een induc\u0163ie:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. produsul final blocheaz\u0103 represorul ", "2. c\u00e2nd inductorul dispare, operonul revine la starea ini\u0163ial\u0103 ", "3. se sintetizeaz\u0103 un represor inactiv ", "4. inductorul inactiveaz\u0103 represorul \u015fi activeaz\u0103 operonul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la oameni:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. se observ\u0103 un corpuscul Barr \u00een nucleii profazici ai celulelor femeie\u0219ti ", "2. pot avea influen\u0163\u0103 hormoni i sau retrotranspozoni i ", "3. \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 somatic\u0103 func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 toate genele ", "4. primele celule ale blastulei sunt totipotente put\u00e2nd genera un embrion " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Codonii:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. nu exist\u0103 \u00een structura materialul ui genetic repetitiv ", "2. sunt unitatea structural\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 a materialului genetic ", "3. au universalitate prin prezen\u0163a acelora\u015fi baze azotate ", "4. serinei \u015fi argininei sunt \u00een num\u0103r egal " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt produ\u015fi ai transcrip\u0163iei :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. ARNt \u015f i ARNm ", "2. ARN polimeraza ", "3. ARNr \u015f i ARN sn 5 ", " 4. factorul sigma " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Procesul de condensare a materialului genetic la eucariote implic\u0103 :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. fibra de 30 nm \u00een metafaz\u0103 ", "2. fibra de 700 nm \u00een profaz\u0103 ", "3. bucle \u015fi superr\u0103suciri \u00een telofaz\u0103 ", "4. nucleosomii \u00een interfaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Exist\u0103 urm\u0103toarele egalit\u0103\u021bi \u00eentre bazele azotate din materialul genetic viral:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. U \u015fi A la reovirusuri ", "2. T \u015fi A la virusul hepatitei B ", "3. C \u015fi G la virusul herpetic ", "4. A \u015fi U la bacteriofagul phi 174 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ADN -ul de tip:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. B are r\u0103sucire de xtral\u0103 \u015fi 10 perechi de baze/ tur ", "2. A are r\u0103sucire dextral\u0103 \u015fi este \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een hibrizi ADN -ARN ", "3. B este caracteristic regiunilor de eucromatin\u0103 ", "4. Z are diametrul molecular mai mic dec\u00e2t tipul A " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Telomerii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. sunt secven\u021be care migreaz\u0103 \u00een molecula de ADN ", "2. pierderea lor favorizeaz\u0103 producerea transloca\u021biilor ", "3. sunt secven\u021be proteice la nivelul centromeru lui ", "4. protejeaz\u0103 cromozomii \u00eempotriva atacurilor enzimatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Un cuplu de indivizi s\u0103n\u0103to \u015fi are un copil cu daltonism \u015fi albinism. \u00cen acest caz:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. copilul a mo \u015ftenit gena pentru daltonism de la tat\u0103 ", "2. genotipul p\u0103rin \u0163ilor este - AaXdX \u015fi AaXY ", "3. p\u0103rin \u0163ii sunt purt\u0103tori ai genelor pentru albinism \u015fi daltonism ", "4. copilul este de sex masculin " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman c romozomii acrocentrici :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. din perechea a 13 a au sateli \u0163i pe bra \u0163ul p ", "2. sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 3 la indivizii cu trisomie 13 ", "3. apar \u0163in grupel or D \u015fi G ", "4. sunt doar autozomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de muta \u0163ii ale unei gene :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. dominante X -linkate \u2013 sindromul Rett ", "2. recesive autozomale \u2013 boala Tay - Sachs ", "3. dominante autozomale \u2013 choreea Huntington ", "4. recesive din cromozomul Y \u2013 sindromul Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Indivizii din rasa dinaric\u0103, ca \u015fi cei din rasa alpin\u0103 sunt :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. cu nasul coroiat ", "2. scunzi ", "3. longilini ", "4. brahicefali " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Despre VSR este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. se multiplic\u0103 cu ajutorul genei env a gazdei ", "2. produce un cancer mezenchimal ", "3. con\u0163ine timin\u0103 \u00een compozi \u0163ia genomului ", "4. are gena pol, pentru reverstranscriptaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "\u00cen genomul mitocondrial , spre deosebire de cel nuclear :", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. ADN -ul nu este asociat cu proteine ", "2. genele sunt transcrise individual ", "3. genele au structur\u0103 discontinu\u0103 ", "4. ADN codificator are pondere ridicat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Radia \u0163iile gamma pot determina :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. apari \u0163ia dimerilor de citozin\u0103 ", "2. contorsionarea moleculei de ADN ", "3. formarea de leg\u0103turi intracatenare T -T ", "4. blocarea transcrip \u0163iei ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "ADN polimeraza I:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. ac\u0163ione az\u0103 dup\u0103 ADN - polimeraza III ", "2. asigur\u0103 func\u0163ia autocatalitic\u0103 a ADN ", "3. ac\u0163io neaz\u0103 la nivelul catenei lagging ", "4. este \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103 dup\u0103 finalizarea ac\u0163iunii ADN ligazei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Metoda Sanger presupune:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. utilizare primerilor ", "2. ob\u0163inerea ADN monocatenar ", "3. utilizarea didezoxiribonucleotidelor ", "4. denaturarea ADN " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Con\u0163ine o grupare metil:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. citozina ", "2. adenina ", "3. guanina ", "4. timina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine factorul TER de rezisten\u0163\u0103 la tetraciclin\u0103 ", "2. este asociat cu proteine la Escherichia coli ", "3. se poate replica integrat \u00een cromozomii celulei gazd\u0103 ", "4. este ata\u015fat de membran\u0103 \u00een circa 20 de puncte " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Cromozomii d in perechea 9 con\u0163in gene care determin\u0103 :", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. sinteza interferonului ", "2. apari\u0163ia distoniei ", "3. grupele sanguine ", "4. melanomul malign " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. sindromul \"Cri du Chat \" se datoreaz\u0103 dele \u0163iei unui cromozom din grupa B ", "2. talasemia este o hemoglobinopatie monogenic\u0103, recesiv\u0103 ", "3. indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter pot avea \u015fi modific\u0103ri numerice - 48,XXXY ", "4. fibroza chistic\u0103 este o maladie recesiv\u0103, cu simptomatologie pulmonar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Imunitatea umoral\u0103 activ\u0103 :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. const\u0103 \u00een sinteza de imunoglobuline de c\u0103tre limfocitele B ", "2. se bazeaz\u0103 pe interac\u021biunile dintre limfocitele B \u0219i T ", "3. include trecerea unei p\u0103r\u021b i a limfocitelor B \u00een s\u00e2ngele circulant ", "4. este un tip de imunitate care se transmite la descenden\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Complexul MHC:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. este format din totalitatea genelor de histocompatibilitate ", "2. unele gene ale acestuia pot codifica \u0219i sinteza altor proteine ", "3. con\u021bine gene care codific\u0103 antigeni leucocitari umani \u2013 HLA ", "4. determin\u0103 sinteza proteinelor MHC " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Interferonul de tip gamma:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. este sintetizat de gene plasate pe cromozomul 12 ", "2. con\u021bne numeroase subtipuri ap\u0103 rute prin muta\u021bii ", "3. este o glicoprotein\u0103 cu grad de glicozilare specific ", "4. favorizeaz\u0103 dezvoltarea unor celule normale sau tumorale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Anticorpii pot recunoa\u015fte un num\u0103r mare de an tigene diferite, deoarece:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt imunoglobuline compuse din patru catene polipeptidice ", "2. \u00een cursul matur\u0103rii limfocitelor B au loc combina\u021bii \u00een structura ARN ", "3. catenele sunt unite prin leg\u0103turi disulfidice ", "4. sinteza lor este realizat\u0103 de mai multe gene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Tipul 2 de interferoni:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este format din dimeri de proteine diferite ", "2. se \u00eenrude\u0219te cu tipul 1 de interferoni ", "3. favorizeaz\u0103 prolifearea celulelor canceroase ", "4. este sintetizat de celulele NK " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Referitor la antigenii HLA, sunt adev\u0103rate enun\u021burile:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. sunt molecule identice la to\u0163i gemenii monozigo\u021bi ", "2. procesul de respingere a grefei se face cu intensitate diferit\u0103 ", "3. respingerea este mai lent\u0103 dac\u0103 receptorul a mai avut transplanturi ", "4. tipurile HLA -A, B \u0219i C sunt exprimate pe membrana tuturor celulelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina M:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. este primul anticorp produs \u00eentr -o infec\u021bie ", "2. determin\u0103 eliberarea de histamine ", "3. prezint\u0103 10 situsuri de legare cu antigenele ", "4. poate traversa placenta protej\u00e2nd fetusul " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Bolile autoim une se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. au o predispozi\u021bie familial\u0103 datorit\u0103 implic\u0103rii unor factori ereditari ", "2. sunt determinate de hiperactivitatea celulelor produc\u0103toare de anticorpi ", "3. incapacitatea celulelor sistemului imun de a distinge antigenele proprii ", "4. sunt urmate de producerea unor cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de substan \u021be vasoconstrictoare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Activarea protooncogenelor umane se poate face prin:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. inser\u0163ii provirale ", "2. amplificare genic\u0103 ", "3. muta\u0163ii punctiforme ", "4. fuziune intercromozomial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2016" }, { "question": "Oxigenul lipse\u015fte din molecula:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. unor baze pirimidinice ale ADN-ului ", "B. tuturor bazelor purinice ale ARN-ului ", "C. unei baze purinice din ADN \u0219i ARN ", "D. bazelor aflate doar \u00een structura ARN-ului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fred Sanger:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. a inventat \u00een 1983 o tehnic\u0103 \u00een care se utilizea z\u0103 polimeraza Taq ", "B. a izolat \u0219i identificat interferonul, ca r\u0103spuns la infec\u021bia viral\u0103 ", "C. a descris secven\u021ba de nucleotide a fagului \u03c6x174 ", "D. a secven\u021biat prima protein\u0103, fiind distins cu pr emiul Nobel " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Rolul ADN-ului a fost demonstrat experimental pr in:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. Miescher \u2013 identificarea \u00een nucleu a unei substa n\u021be cu fosfor numit\u0103 ulterior ADN ", "B. Griffith - bacteriile R patogene devin S nepatog ene prin tratare termic\u0103 ", "C. Avery \u2013 \u00een prezen\u021ba ADN-ului de la bacterii S, cele de tip R devin virulente ", "D. Hershey \u0219i Chase \u2013 prezen\u021ba \u00een E. coli infestate a fagilor cu capsul\u0103 radioactiv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Factorul sigma se ata\u015feaz\u0103 de:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. catena conduc\u0103toare ", "B. catena discontinu\u0103 ", "C. catena \u00eent\u00eerziat\u0103 ", "D. ARN-polimeraz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen operonul lactozei, ARN polimeraza se leag\u0103 de :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. situsul atenuator ", "B. locusul promotor ", "C. locusul operator ", "D. substratul inductor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Complexul CAP-AMPc:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. cre\u015fte cantitatea de triptofan ", "B. se leag\u0103 de gena operatoare ", "C. ini\u0163iaz\u0103 procesul de transcrip\u0163ie ", "D. induce sinteza lactozei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "ARNt ini\u021biator con\u021bine anticodonul:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. AUG ", "B. UAG ", "C. UGA ", "D. UAC " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fragmentele Okazaki sunt identice cu secven\u021be di n catena:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. veche a noii molecule de ADN din care fac parte ", "B. ARNt-ului care le transport\u0103 pentru asamblare ", "C. complementar\u0103 matri\u021bei ce a stat la baza sinteze i lor ", "D. ARN-ului mesager care le-a asigurat replicarea " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Fagul MS2:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. are un cromozom circular, alc\u0103tuit din 8 gene ", "B. con\u021bine 2,6 oxipirimidin\u0103, complementar\u0103 cu 6 aminopurina ", "C. poate fi implicat \u00een apari\u021bia microcefaliei \u0219 i microftalmiei ", "D. are acela\u0219i tip de material genetic ca \u0219i vir usul SV40 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Un dezoxiribovirus ar putea provoca:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. gripa ", "B. variola ", "C. poliomielita ", "D. turbarea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen retroinhibi\u0163ia enzimatic\u0103, spre deosebire de represia enzimatic\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. se stopeaz\u0103 sinteza produsului final ", "B. se activeaz\u0103 represorul aflat \u00een stare inactiv\u0103 ", "C. produsul final inhib\u0103 prima enzim\u0103 a c\u0103ii metabo lice ", "D. se sintetizeaz\u0103 enzime catabolizante " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen electroforeza ADN-ului se deplaseaz\u0103 mai rap id fragmentele:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. mici spre polul pozitiv ", "B. mari spre polul negativ ", "C. mici spre polul negativ ", "D. mari spre polul pozitiv " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Y uman:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. are satelitul ata\u0219at la constric\u021bia secundar\u0103 de pe bra\u021bul p ", "B. prezint\u0103 o serie de gene comune cu cromozomul X ", "C. are cel mai mare num\u0103r de gene ", "D. con\u021bine dou\u0103 regiuni la nivelul bra\u021bului q " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Un individ tipic din subrasa nordic\u0103 este:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. brahicefal \u0219i homozigot pentru culoarea p\u0103rului ", "B. cu nasul lung \u0219i homozigot pentru culoarea ochil or ", "C. dolicocefal \u0219i heterozigot pentru culoarea ochil or ", "D. longilin \u0219i heterozigot pentru culoarea pielii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele de tip:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. Ig A predomin\u0103 pe suprafa\u0163a limfocitelor B ", "B. Ig D sunt cele mai numeroase \u00een ser ", "C. Ig G pot str\u0103bate placenta ", "D. Ig E se afl\u0103 \u00een saliv\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Imunitatea \u00eenn\u0103scut\u0103 nespecific\u0103:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 prin fagocitoz\u0103 \u0219i interferoni ", "B. se dob\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een contact cu antigenele mamei ", "C. este mediat\u0103 celular de limfocitele T ", "D. se realizeaz\u0103 prin transfer transplacentar de an ticorpi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Anafilaxia reprezint\u0103:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. rezultatul unei muta\u0163ii punctiforme ", "B. un mecanism declan\u015fat direct de limfocitele T ", "C. rezultatul ac\u0163iunii generalizate a histaminei ", "D. acumularea unei cantit\u0103\u0163i mari de interferon " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de gene recesive:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. surditatea \u015fi polidactilia ", "B. distrofia muscular\u0103 \u015fi rahitismul hipofosfatemic ", "C. tirozinoza \u015fi hemofilia ", "D. rahitismul hipofosfatemic \u015fi albinismul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Maladiile genice de mai jos se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een ur m\u0103toarele categorii:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. albinismul - miopatie ", "B. sindromul Down - neuropatie ", "C. talasemia - hemoglobinopatie ", "D. sindactilia \u2013 enzimopatie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Reglajul genetic prin intermediul hormonilor:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. este un proces ireversibil ", "B. implic\u0103 doar hormonii steroizi ", "C. are loc la nivelul transcrip\u021biei ", "D. este citoplasmatic, posttransla\u021bional " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Hepatita C:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este o boal\u0103 autoimun\u0103, ca \u0219i sclerodema ", "B. determin\u0103 activarea celulelor B citotoxice ", "C. poate fi tratat\u0103 cu interferon beta ", "D. este cauzat\u0103 de plasmidul F " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Limfocitele Th:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la antigenele plasmatice prin BRC ", "B. suprim\u0103 r\u0103spunsul limfocitelor citotoxice ", "C. produc interleukin\u0103 pentru stimularea limfocitel or B ", "D. activeaz\u0103 direct proteinele sistemului complemen t " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Escherichia coli prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarea caracteristic\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. tulpina K12 con\u021bine circa 3404 de gene ", "B. operonul lac este de regul\u0103 activ ", "C. ADN circular asociat cu proteine bazice ", "D. con\u021bine plasmidul Ti cu rol \u00een ingineria genetic \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Boala Tay-Sachs \u0219i choreea Huntington:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. sunt autozomale dominante ", "B. sunt letale \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "C. afecteaz\u0103 sistemul nervos ", "D. sunt X-linkate dominante " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Genele care codific\u0103 antigenele de histocompati bilitate la om:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea BCA a unui cromozom metacent ric ", "B. sunt localizate pe un cromozom acrocentric ", "C. sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een patru clase \u0219i responsabile de reac\u021bia RAL ", "D. sunt localizate pe un cromozom submetacentric di n grupa C " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Neuroblastomul \u0219i meningiomul:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. sunt consecin\u021ba unor abera\u021bii numerice heterozom ale ", "B. sunt trisomii maligne autozomale ", "C. pot fi rezultatul unei dele\u021bii cromozomiale ", "D. sunt boli monogenice autozomale recesive " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Mastocitele produc:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. alergeni ", "B. histamin\u0103 ", "C. imunoglobuline M ", "D. histidin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. helper \u2013 induc starea de toleran\u021b\u0103 la anumi\u021bi an tigeni ", "B. T \u2013 devin plasmocite secretoare de anticorpi ", "C. citotoxice \u2013 rezult\u0103 din diferen\u021bierea celor de tip B ", "D. B \u2013 r\u0103spund specific dup\u0103 prezentarea antigenulu i prelucrat " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Interferonul \u03b3:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. ajut\u0103 la activarea macrofagelor ", "B. reprezint\u0103 o categorie de anticorpi ", "C. este sintetizat de monocite ", "D. apar\u0163ine sistemului complement " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Muta\u021bii la nivelul cromozomului X determin\u0103 afe c\u021biuni ale sistemului nervos \u00een:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. sindromul Hunter \u0219i sindromul Rett ", "B. sindromul triplo-X \u0219i choreea Huntington ", "C. boala Tay-Sachs \u0219i distrofia Duchenne ", "D. hipofosfatazemie \u0219i boala Marfan " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 la:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. ARN r ", "2. ARN v ", "3. ARN t ", "4. ARN m " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Citozina \u0219i uracilul:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. au heterocicluri cu 3 atomi de azot \u0219i 2 de oxig en ", "2. prin metilare \u00een pozi\u021bia 2, blocheaz\u0103 transcrip\u021b ia ", "3. pot suferi muta\u021bii punctiforme, de tip inser\u021bie ", "4. intr\u0103 \u00een structura virusului poliomelitei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura nucleotidelor pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. 5-metil-citozina ", "2. 2'-dezoxiriboza ", "3. 5-hidroxi-metilcitozina ", "4. 6 aminopurina " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de ADN-ul de tip Z, cel de tip B are:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. diametrul molecular mai mic ", "2. posibilitatea de a trece \u00een alte tipuri de ADN ", "3. mai multe perechi de nucleotide / tur helix ", "4. r\u0103sucirea spre dreapta " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Func\u021bia heterocatalitic\u0103 a materialului genetic se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. ARNt \u2013 transfer\u0103 ribonucleotidele la locul trans crip\u021biei ", "2. ARNr \u2013 recunoa\u0219te \u0219i pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect ARNm \u0219i enzimele ", "3. ARNm \u2013 fixeaz\u0103 aminoacizii \u00een codon prin leg\u0103tur i peptidice ", "4. ARNsn \u2013 intervine \u00een maturarea moleculelor de AR N mesager " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen furca de replicare ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 primozomul for mat din:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. ADN primaz\u0103 ", "2. ADN polimeraz\u0103 ", "3. ADN helicaz\u0103 ", "4. ADN topoizomeraz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Primerii:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. se mai numesc amorse ", "2. au structur\u0103 moncatenar\u0103 ", "3. sunt oligonucleotide ", "4. ata\u0219eaz\u0103 ADN-polimeraza " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Despre subunitatea 60S a ribozomilor este adev\u0103 rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. are ARN 28S, care intr\u0103 \u00een structura peptidil-tr ansferazei ", "2. ini\u021biaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103, prin legarea de ARNt care poart\u0103 formil-metionina ", "3. con\u021bine circa 50 de proteine \u0219i trei tipuri de A RN ", "4. are ARN implicat \u00een men\u021binerea stabilit\u0103\u021bii telo merilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Promotorul la procariote:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. sintetizeaz\u0103 ARN polimeraza ", "2. necesit\u0103 factori de transcriere ", "3. sintetizeaz\u0103 represorul ", "4. este un fragment de ADN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial poate avea gene pentru sin teza de:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. ARNr ", "2. polipeptide ", "3. ARNt ", "4. ADN cp " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La Haemophilus influenzae :", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. materialul genetic con\u021bine \u0219i leg\u0103turi de hidrog en A=T ", "2. reglajul genetic se realizeaz\u0103 doar la nivelul t ranscrip\u021biei ", "3. materialul genetic are superr\u0103suciri negative \u00een regiunea furcii de replicare ", "4. a fost descris primul genom celular, \u00een anul 199 5 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Cromozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine obligatoriu factorul colicinogenic ", "2. este asociat cu proteine la Escherichia coli ", "3. are por\u0163iuni monocatenare la Pseudomonas ", "4. este ata\u015fat de membrana plasmatic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Muta\u0163ia punctiform\u0103 poate fi:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. nonsens ", "2. antisens ", "3. missens ", "4. sens " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial uman:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este de tip eucariot ", "2. con\u0163ine o mare cantitate de ADN repetitiv ", "3. se transmite X linkat ", "4. nu se poate recombina " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Dintre caracterele prag, pot avea heritabilitat e crescut\u0103:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. diabetul ", "2. \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea ", "3. schizofrenia ", "4. greutatea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Heterozomul X:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine gene comune cu Y pe ambele bra\u0163e ", "2. face parte din cei 7 cromozomi ai grupei C ", "3. este prezent \u00een toate aneuploidiile viabile ", "4. se poate heterocromatiniza \u00een sindromul Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sindromul Klinefelter:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. este cauzat de o nondisjunc\u021bie autozomal\u0103 meioti c\u0103 ", "2. are \u00een simptomatologie \u0219i atrofia testicular\u0103 ", "3. se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba corpusculului Ba rr metafazic ", "4. poate avea celule de tip 48, XXXY; 46,XY la acel a\u0219i individ " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sindromul Jacobs este rezultatul:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. unei aneuploidii de tip heterozomal ", "2. unei muta\u021bii ce se manifest\u0103 prin hairy-pinna ", "3. nesepar\u0103rii unor cromozomi \u00een spermatogenez\u0103 ", "4. nondisjunc\u021biei heterozomilor \u00een ovogenez\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Realiz\u00e2nd cariotipul celulelor din lichidul amn iotic, se pot detecta sindroamele:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. Rett ", "2. Edwards ", "3. Hunter ", "4. Patau " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Temperamentul:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. este un caracter poligenic ", "2. \u00eencepe s\u0103 se manifeste dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 30 de an i ", "3. are gene pe cromozomul 7 ", "4. se modific\u0103 substan\u021bial \u00een timpul vie\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "La eucariote, anticodonul:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. este complementar cu codoni din introni ", "2. UGA corespunde codonului UAG ", "3. este pozi\u021bionat \u00een sens 5\u2019-3\u2019 ", "4. se afl\u0103 intr-o regiune monocatenar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. exist\u0103 cromozomi acrocentrici \u00een grupele D \u0219i G ", "2. cromozomii 21, 22, 14, 15 au sateli\u021bi ", "3. heterozomii au gene comune \u0219i difer\u0103 ca morfolog ie ", "4. \u00een benzile G predomin\u0103 nucleotidele cu G \u0219i C " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Transformarea proto-oncogenelor \u00een oncogene se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. transpozi\u021bia represorului ", "2. muta\u021bii silen\u021bioase ", "3. activarea genelor TSG ", "4. muta\u021bii punctiforme " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Exist\u0103 pun\u021bi disulfurice intercatenare la nive lul moleculelor de:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. anticorpi ", "2. progesteron ", "3. insulin\u0103 ", "4. ARNsno " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Dele\u021biile pot constitui cauza pentru:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. cancerul pulmonar ", "2. carcinom ovarian ", "3. neuroblastom ", "4. sarcom Ewing " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Inactivarea cromozomului X:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. se realizeaz\u0103 prin heterocromatinizare ", "2. este un reglaj genetic pe termen lung ", "3. are loc \u0219i la femeile cu sindrom Rett ", "4. este un proces reversibil " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulinele:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. de tip G au afinitate mare fa\u0163\u0103 de complement ", "2. sunt produse de limfocitele T efectoare ", "3. de tip E determin\u0103 eliberarea de histamine ", "4. sunt clasificate \u00een func\u0163ie de lan\u0163urile u\u015foare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Sunt gene oncogene:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. CDKN2 ", "2. NF2 ", "3. BRCA2 ", "4. MEN2A " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "R\u0103spunsul imun poate produce:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. histamin\u0103 ", "2. citokine ", "3. imunoglobuline ", "4. interleukine " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Celulele hibridoma:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. se divid intens datorit\u0103 nucleului mare al limfo citului ", "2. pot sta la baza unor popula\u021bii celulare monoclon ale ", "3. formeaz\u0103 imunoglobuline care le induc o diviziun e rapid\u0103 ", "4. pot forma substan\u021be folosite \u00een imunitatea pasiv \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2017" }, { "question": "Telomerele :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. sunt regiuni eucromati nice bogate \u00een histone ", "B. se afl\u0103 la nivelul constric\u021biilor primare ", "C. \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bin stabilitatea cu ajutorul ARN nuclear mic ", "D. se coloreaz\u0103 exclusiv cu solu\u021bie Giemsa " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Operonul trp, spre deosebire de operonul lac:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este activat \u00een absen\u021ba promotorului ", "B. intervine \u00een si nteza enzimelor catabolismului ", "C. include cinci gene structurale ", "D. este caracteristic celulelor bacteriene " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre neurofibromatoza de tip 2, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. afecteaz\u0103 nervii optici ", "B. are \u0219i manifest\u0103ri cutanate ", "C. gena mutant\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een cromozomul 22 ", "D. se poat e trata cu interferon gamma " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Anemia falciform\u0103 \u0219i talasemia :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. sunt maladii monogenice dominante ", "B. se datoreaz\u0103 muta\u021biei genei \u03b1 a hemoglobinei ", "C. sunt boli genetice recesive X -linkate ", "D. au frecven\u021ba de 1 -2/100 \u00een zone \u00een care malaria este endemic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Boala Kadang -Kadang a palmierilor este produs\u0103 de agen\u021bi infec\u021bio\u0219i care au :", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. \u00een genom circa 300 de gene ", "B. o molecul\u0103 de ARN monocatenar, circular ", "C. un cromozom bicromatidic ", "D. \u00een aparatul enzimatic ARN polimeraz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Interferonul de tip alfa :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. este sintetizat de o gen\u0103 de pe cromozomul 14 ", "B. se folose\u0219te \u00een terapia osteoporozei ", "C. apar\u021bine unei categorii de citokine ", "D. este o glicoprotein\u0103 cu patru lan\u021buri, H \u0219i L " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Despre materialul genetic bacterian se poate afirma c\u0103 :", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 \u00een perioada S a interfazei ", "B. con\u021bine cel pu \u021bin 4000 de gene ", "C. este ata\u0219at de nucleolem\u0103 prin mezozom ", "D. poate fi asociat cu proteine de tip histonic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt lipsi\u021bi de constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 cromozomii din perechea :", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. 13 ", "B. 15 ", "C. 12 ", "D. 22 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Moleculele de ADN utilizate \u00een terapia genic\u0103, pot fi acoperite cu :", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. glicoproteine ", "B. lipopoliamide ", "C. anvelop\u0103 histonic\u0103 ", "D. interleukine " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sfatul genetic se recomand\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele cazuri, cu excep\u021bia :", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. tata are o transloca\u021bie nereciproc\u0103 ", "B. bunicul este daltonist ", "C. mam a a fost expus\u0103 la o doz\u0103 mare de radia\u021bii ", "D. bunica este purt\u0103toare d e virus herpes " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Prin transplantarea unui fragment de Acetabularia mediteranea pe un fragment nucleat de A. crenulata se regenereaz\u0103 por\u0163iunea:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. apical\u0103 la Acetabularia mediteranea ", "B. apical\u0103 la Acetabularia crenulata ", "C. bazal\u0103 la Acetabularia crenulata ", "D. bazal\u0103 l a Acetabularia mediteranea " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "ARNsn intervine \u00een:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. maturarea ARNm ", "B. sinteza peptidil transferazei ", "C. asamblarea proteinelor ribozomale ", "D. pozi\u0163ionarea corect\u0103 a ARNm " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Capsida poliedric\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte la:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. virusul HIV ", "B. virusul VMT ", "C. bacteriofagi ", "D. virusul rab iei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Virusul gripal :", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. are capsid\u0103 lipidic\u0103 ", "B. are genom segmentat ", "C. con\u021bine plasmide ", "D. se replic\u0103 extracelular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Spermatozoizi f\u0103r\u0103 heterozomi pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 la indivizi cu:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. trisomia X ", "B. heterozomi identici ", "C. heterozomi diferi\u0163i ", "D. sindromul Turner " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Limfomul Burkitt:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. este determinat de o muta\u0163ie punctiform\u0103 ", "B. apare concomitent cu dele\u0163ia bra\u0163ului scurt al cromozomului 14 ", "C. determin\u0103 modificarea nivelului proteinelor plasmatice ", "D. este rezultatul unei duplica\u0163ii " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alcaptonuria presupune:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. acumularea de tirozin\u0103 ", "B. producerea \u00een ex ces a acidului fumaric ", "C. elimi narea de acid homogentisic \u00een urin\u0103 ", "D. o modificare numeric\u0103 cromozomial\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen determinismul inteligen\u0163ei:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. intervin gene plasate doar \u00een heterozomi ", "B. exist\u0103 d iferen\u0163e majore \u00eentre rase le umane ", "C. au fost identificate gene ce ap ar\u0163in cro mozomilor din grupa C \u0219i D ", "D. au fost identificate cel pu\u0163in dou\u0103 gene autozomale " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Grupa A din cariotipul uman normal con\u0163ine cromozomi:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. acrocentrici ", "B. telocentrici ", "C. metacentrici ", "D. asem \u0103n\u0103tori grupei G " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Electroforeza se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. metoda Sanger ", "B. tehnic a Giemsa ", "C. amniocentez\u0103 ", "D. studiul cromatinei sexuale " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de purine, pirimidinele:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. con\u0163in c\u00e2te dou\u0103 heterocicluri ", "B. au toate cel pu\u021bin c\u00e2te o grupare cetonic\u0103 ", "C. au cicluri formate din cinci atomi de carbon ", "D. sunt lipsite de grup\u0103ri aminice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Leg \u0103turile fosfodiesterice:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. cedeaz\u0103 energie pentru activarea aminoacidului la ARNt -ul corespunz\u0103tor ", "B. sunt mai instabile \u00eentr -o molecul\u0103 cu con\u021binut mic de guanin\u0103 \u0219i citozin\u0103 ", "C. la ADN -ul de tip B asigur\u0103 succesiunea a dou\u0103 n ucleotide la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 3,4 angstr omi ", "D. al\u0103turi de cele de hidrogen asigur\u0103 stabilitatea ADN -ului la fagul phi X 174 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen bucla de replicare:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. ADN -polimeraza I adaug\u0103 primele nucleotide \u00een fragmentele Okazaki ", "B. helicaza poate ad\u0103uga nucleotide numai la cap\u0103tul 3\u2019 al unei pentoze ", "C. catena fiic\u0103 sintetizat\u0103 pe baza matri\u021bei 5\u2019-3\u2019 necesit\u0103 interven\u021bia unor ligaze ", "D. ADN-helicaza taie, apoi leag\u0103 catenele de ADN , reduc\u00e2nd tensiunea dintre ele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La pr ocariote, \u00eentr -un operon, gena :", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. reglatoare are propriul promotor ", "B. structural\u0103 produc e promoto rul ", "C. operatoare se cupleaz\u0103 cu represorul ", "D. reglatoare produc e co-represorul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Materialul genetic la procariote :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. are gene pentru ARN \u00een mai multe exemplare ", "B. replicarea sa este ini\u021biat\u0103 de enzima ADN -giraza ", "C. spre deosebire de cel eucariot, nu este asociat c u proteine ", "D. este ata\u0219at de plasmalem\u0103 \u00eentr -un singur punct numit ori C " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Hormonii steroizi :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. se cuplea z\u0103 cu un receptor din membrana celular\u0103 ", "B. formeaz\u0103 un complex cu un receptor din membrana nuc lear\u0103 ", "C. se pot ata\u0219a la fibra de cromatin\u0103 ini\u021biind transcrip\u021b ia ", "D. recunosc molecula de ARNm prin intermediul unor proteine specifice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La bacterii, m\u0103rirea afinit\u0103\u021bii la promotor a ARN polimerazei este determinat\u0103 de:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. cre\u0219terea cantit\u0103\u021bii de triptofan ", "B. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de lactoz\u0103 ", "C. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de izoleuc in\u0103 ", "D. sc\u0103derea cantit\u0103\u021bii de treonin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Anticodonul UAC apar\u021bine unui ARNt care:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 legarea unei molecule de ap\u0103 la cap\u0103tul polipeptidei ", "B. se cupleaz\u0103 la ARNm \u00eenainte de ata\u0219area subunit\u0103\u021bii mari ", "C. leag\u0103 metionina sau formil -metionina l a cap\u0103tul 5 \u2019 ", "D. corespunde unui codon considerat ambiguu c\u00e2nd este terminal \u00een ARNm " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi o caracteristic\u0103 a materialului genetic la eucariote:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. poate avea un cromozom extranuclear circular deschis, \u00eenso\u021bit de plasmid ", "B. gene le nucleare sunt organi zate \u00een operoni transcri\u0219i continuu ", "C. heterocromatina are secven\u021be repetitive sau gene active metabolic ", "D. ADN necodificator exist\u0103 \u00een cromatina interfazic\u0103 mai slab colorat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen cromozomul 6 exist\u0103 gene care intervin \u00een determinismul:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. grupelor de s\u00e2nge \u00ee n sistemul ABO ", "B. inteligen\u0163ei, ca \u0219i \u00een cromozomul 11 ", "C. HLA \u0219i al sindromului Rett ", "D. leucemiei cronice mieloide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "La C6 al nucleului pirimidinic se poate lega :", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. o grupare CH3 ", "2. o grupare NH2 ", "3. dezoxiriboza ", "4. oxigen " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Leucemia poate fi :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. indus\u0103 de benzen ", "2. tratat\u0103 cu interferon alfa ", "3. rezultatul unei trisomii 12 ", "4. un cancer al trombocitelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Antigenul HLA -DQ:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. este codificat de o gen\u0103 de pe bra\u021bul p al cromozomului 6 ", "2. face parte din clasa II de antigeni , ca \u0219i HLA -DP ", "3. determin\u0103 respingerea transpla ntului dup\u0103 mai mult de 14 zile ", "4. este exprimat \u0219i pe macrofage " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Au \u00een genom ADN :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. monocatenar circular - fagul MS2 ", "2. bicatenar linear - virusul simian SV40 ", "3. monocatenar linear - virusul hepatitei B ", "4. bicatenar circular - Haemophilus influenzae " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Plasmocitele :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 din limfocitele Th ", "2. au un aparat Golgi bine dezvoltat ", "3. elibereaz\u0103 interleukin\u0103 la contactul cu antigenul ", "4. produc substan\u021be care au 4 lan\u021buri polipeptidice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic la eucariote intervin urm\u0103toarele proteine :", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. enhancer -ul ", "2. ubicvitina ", "3. progesteronul ", "4. histonele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Se manifest\u0103 prin tulbur\u0103ri de comportament, urm\u0103toarele anomalii heterozomale :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. sindromul triplo X ", "2. fenilcetonuria ", "3. sindromul Jacobs ", "4. boala Tay - Sachs " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Anticorpii implica\u021bi \u00een imunitatea pasiv\u0103 sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een :", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. ser- Ig A ", "2. saliv\u0103 -Ig M ", "3. colostru ", "4. lacrimi - IgG " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Anemia falciform\u0103 :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. este caracterizat \u0103 prin modificarea grup\u0103rii hem ", "2. are o fr ecven\u021b\u0103 mare la nord -europeni ", "3. este o maladie cu transmitere heterozomal\u0103 ", "4. se poate detecta pri n analiza biochimic\u0103 a celulelor corionului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Procesul de replicare presupune :", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. ad\u0103ugarea de nucleotide la cap\u0103tul 3 \u00b4-OH ", "2. ac\u021biunea helicazei pe primozom ", "3. reducerea tensiunii dintre catene ", "4. sinteza primerului dezoxiribonucleotidic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Factori mutageni biologici sunt:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. virusul pa piloma ", "2. VSR ", "3. virusul hepatitei B ", "4. thalidomida " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Limfocitele:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. T prin stimulare devin plasmocite ", "2. B sunt stimulate de interleukine ", "3. T supreso are induc respingerea grefei ", "4. T citotoxice pot elimina celulele canceroase " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sistemul complement:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. perforeaz\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 ", "2. are ac\u0163iune antagonic\u0103 anticorpilor ", "3. poate fi activat de un antigen neprelucrat ", "4. activeaz\u0103 plasmocitele " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Riscul genetic:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este mai mare la bolile autozomal dominante ", "2. cre\u0219te prin consangvinizare ", "3. poate fi calculat ca risc de recuren\u0163\u0103 a bolii \u00een anumite familii ", "4. pentru bolile recesive cre\u015fte prin heterozigotare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromatina sexual\u0103 lipse\u0219te la indivizii cu sindrom:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. Patau ", "2. Jacobs ", "3. Klinefelter ", "4. Turner " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "ARN -ul:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. este prezent \u00een ribozomii procariote lor ", "2. formeaz\u0103 amorsele pentru sinteza fragmentelor Okazaki ", "3. alc\u0103tuie\u015fte genomul ribovirusurilor ", "4. con\u021bine acelea\u0219i pirimidine ca ADN -ul " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Prin transcrip\u0163ie se sintetizeaz \u0103:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. ARNt ", "2. exoni ", "3. ARNm ", "4. introni " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Virusurile con\u0163in:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. ARN bicatenar la reovirusuri ", "2. ADN monocatenar la bacteriofagul T4 ", "3. ADN bicatenar la virusul herpetic ", "4. ADN bicatenar la bacteriofagul phi 174 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Eucromatina:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 forma lax\u0103 a cromatinei ", "2. are secven\u0163e codificatoare ", "3. con\u0163ine baze azotate nemetilate ", "4. este condensat\u0103 \u00een interfaz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen citoplasma celulei se realizeaz\u0103:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. controlul transla\u0163ional ", "2. contr olul transcrip\u0163ional ", "3. controlul posttransla\u0163ional ", "4. controlul matur\u0103rii ARN -m " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Ribozomii con\u021bin:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. 2/3 proteine \u0219i 1/3 ARN r ", "2. mai multe nucleotide cu timin\u0103 \u00een subunitatea mare dec\u00e2t \u00een cea mic\u0103 ", "3. acizi nucleici sintetiza\u021bi majoritar \u00een mitocondrii ", "4. o subunita te 60S \u0219i o subunitate 40S , la eucariote " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Antioncogenele normale codific\u0103 proteine cu rol \u00een:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. blocarea cre\u0219terii celulare ", "2. inhibarea diviziunii celulare ", "3. supresia proto -oncogenelor ", "4. apoptoza celulelor cu multe muta\u021bii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Necesit\u0103 revers -transcriptaz\u0103 p entru replicare:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. bacteriofagii ", "2. virusul hepatitei B ", "3. virusul herpetic ", "4. virusul HIV " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "R eac\u021bia de respingere a grefei :", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se poate preveni prin corticosteroizi ", "2. este determinat\u0103 de limfocitele T sau B ", "3. poate fi cauzat\u0103 de celulele limfocitare ale grefei ", "4. este imediat\u0103 la similitudine de HLA " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Primozomul con\u021bine:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. nucleozomi ", "2. ADN -helicaza ", "3. proteosomi ", "4. ADN -primaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Orice reovirus are \u00een moleculele acidului s\u0103u nucleic un num\u0103r egal de nucleotide cu:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. baze purinice \u0219i baze pirimidinice ", "2. adenin\u0103 \u0219i timin\u0103 ", "3. citozin\u0103 \u0219i guanin\u0103 ", "4. adenin\u0103 \u0219i guanin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Tipul A de ADN :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. are molecula r\u0103sucit\u0103 spre dreapta ", "2. are baze \u00eenclinate cu 20\u00b0 fa\u021b\u0103 de orizontal\u0103 ", "3. are diametrul moleculei de 23 angstromi ", "4. are 12 perechi de baze \u00een pasul elicei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Sunt afec\u021biuni determinate de muta\u021bii autozomale:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. Edwards, Patau, Huntington ", "2. Down, tirozinoz\u0103, Hunter ", "3. Tay-Sachs, albinism, Huntington ", "4. Marfan, Duchenne, Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Cromozomul bacterian:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. se replic\u0103 \u00eentr -un singur sens ", "2. se fixeaz\u0103 prin mezozom de membrana nucleolului ", "3. se replic\u0103 integra t \u00een cromozomii celulei gazd\u0103 ", "4. are gene f\u0103r\u0103 promotor propriu " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "\u00cen stadiul III al cancerului, celulele:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. se desprind din tumora ini\u021bial\u0103 ", "2. p\u0103trund \u00een ganglionii limfatici ", "3. se pot hr\u0103ni datorit\u0103 angiogenezei ", "4. nu au inhibi\u021bie de contact " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2018" }, { "question": "Tumorile pulmonare pot fi:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. eradicate prin terapie genic\u0103 cu L-dopa ", "B. cauzate de muta\u0163ii punctiforme ", "C. cu celule mici (NSCLC), \u00een 50% din cazuri ", "D. de tip carcinom sau mielom " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre ARN-ul ribozomal este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. are rol catalitic, \u00een sinteza de lipide membranare ", "B. cel de 5S se afl\u0103 \u00een subunitatea 40S ribozomal\u0103 ", "C. cea mai mare parte se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een nucleoli ", "D. intervine \u00een maturarea ARN-ului mesager " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. exist\u0103 \u015fi cromozomi telocentrici ", "B. cromozomii perechii 1 au c\u00e2te patru regiuni pe q ", "C. cromozomii perechii 7 au gena CTSD ", "D. grupa G con\u0163ine cromozomi metacentrici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sistarea sintezei proteice are loc c\u00e2nd:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. cre\u015fte cantitatea de inductor ", "B. inductorul se leag\u0103 de represor ", "C. situsul operator este inactivat ", "D. scade cantitatea de produs final " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Intervine \u00een reglajul posttransla\u0163ional:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. factorul sigma ", "B. fragmentul TATA ", "C. ubicvitina ", "D. factorul TFIIA " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Despre ADN helicaz\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. leag\u0103 primerul de fragmentul Okazaki ", "B. este termostabil\u0103, la peste 90 grade Celsius ", "C. rupe pun\u0163ile de hidrogen intercatenare ", "D. catalizeaz\u0103 polimerizarea nucleozidelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Concomitent cu replica\u0163ia are loc \u015fi sinteza:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. ARNm ", "B. ARNt ", "C. histonelor ", "D. ARNr " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen experimentul Messelson-Stahl, prima genera\u0163ie de ADN hibrid con\u0163ine ADN:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. nemarcat cu izotopi ", "B. cu o caten\u0103 grea \u015fi una u\u015foar\u0103 ", "C. cu ambele catene grele ", "D. cu ambele catene u\u015foare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen transcrip\u0163ie, ARN polimeraza se asociaz\u0103 cu:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. precursorul ", "B. promotorul ", "C. operatorul ", "D. gena reglatoare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Pentru realizarea traducerii:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. este necesar\u0103 activarea aminoacizilor din citoplasm\u0103 ", "B. aminoacil-sintetazele catalizeaz\u0103 legarea aminoacizi lor de ARNr ", "C. ARNt transfer\u0103 aminoacizi din nucleu \u00een citoplasm\u0103 la ribozomi ", "D. aminoacizii se leag\u0103 direct de codonii din ARNm la n ivelul subunit\u0103\u0163ii mari a ribozomului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Didezoxiribonucleotidele se deosebesc de dezoxiribo nucleotide deoarece:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. la carbonul 5\u2019 au o grupare HO - ", "B. la carbonul 3\u2019 au o grupare HO - ", "C. \u00een ciclu au un atom de oxigen ", "D. la carbonul 3\u2019 au doar hidrogen " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen retroinhibi\u0163ia enzimatic\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. produsul final interac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu gena operatoare ", "B. se stopeaz\u0103 o cale metabolic\u0103 ", "C. se sintetizeaza enzime catabolice ", "D. este activat\u0103 prima enzim\u0103 a c\u0103ii metabolice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Inteligen\u0163a:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. este afectat\u0103 sever \u00een cazul bolii Marfan ", "B. este determinat\u0103 \u015fi de o gen\u0103 din cromozomul 6 ", "C. poate fi limitat\u0103 (borderline), IQ=50-70 ", "D. este determinat\u0103 \u015fi de o gen\u0103 Kibra exprimat\u0103 \u00een hipo talamus " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Genotipurile a doi p\u0103rin\u0163i s\u0103n\u0103to\u015fi care au un b\u0103ia t cu daltonism \u015fi trei fete normale sunt:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. XO \u015fi X dY ", "B. XX h \u015fi XY ", "C. XX d \u015fi XY ", "D. XX \u015fi X dY " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen fenilcetonurie:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. fenilalanina se transform\u0103 \u00een acid homogentisic ", "B. acidul fenilpiruvic se transform\u0103 \u00een fenilalanin\u0103 ", "C. poate fi afectat\u0103 sinteza hormonilor tiroidieni ", "D. se acumuleaz\u0103 melanin\u0103 \u00een piele " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele hibridoma produc\u0103toare de anticorpi sunt:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. celule ob\u0163inute prin hibridarea molecular\u0103 a ADN ", "B. hibrizi \u00eentre limfocite \u015fi bacterii ", "C. provenite din celule tip mielom \u015fi limfocite B ", "D. celule sexuale transformate malign " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen cromozomul 6 exist\u0103 gene care intervin \u00een deter minismul:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. grupelor de s\u00e2nge \u2013 sistemul ABO ", "B. inteligen\u0163ei ", "C. sindromului Rett ", "D. leucemiei cronice mieloide " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bacteriofagului \u03c6x 174:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. are ADN cu masa molecular\u0103 de 5 x 10 6 daltoni ", "B. con\u0163ine un cromozom ARN circular ", "C. are ADN cu structur\u0103 primar\u0103 ", "D. este un parvovirus ca \u015fi VMT " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Una dintre leg\u0103turile de H dintre adenin\u0103 \u015fi ti min\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. oxigenul adeninei \u015fi metilul timinei ", "B. azotul adeninei \u015fi azotul timinei ", "C. hidroxilul adeninei \u015fi hidroxilul timinei ", "D. oxigenul adeninei \u015fi hidroxilul timinei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Infec\u0163iile virale ale f\u0103tului pot fi depistate:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. prin tehnica FISH-metoda fluorescent\u0103 ", "B. doar \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "C. prin prelevarea unor probe de s\u00e2nge ", "D. utiliz\u00e2nd analiza Doppler " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Factorul sigma:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. este de natur\u0103 nucleotidic\u0103 ", "B. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 ini\u021bial de ARNm ", "C. intervine \u00een \u00eencheierea transcrip\u0163iei ", "D. stabilizeaz\u0103 ARN polimeraza " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sinteza artificial\u0103 a unei gene presupune:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. sinteza unui ARN m corespunz\u0103tor ", "B. cunoa\u015fterea succesiunii de aminoacizi \u00een ADN ", "C. cunoa\u015fterea succesiunii nucleotidelor din ARN t ", "D. analiza succesiunii codonilor din proteina martor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Virusurile lipsite de ADN:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. se numesc bacteriofagi ", "B. au ca reprezentant virusul poliomielitei ", "C. au material genetic exclusiv monocatenar ", "D. con\u0163in plasmide ca material genetic accesoriu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Agen\u0163ii teratogeni pot induce:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. streptomicina \u2013 surditate ", "B. fenitoin \u2013 virilizare ", "C. progestine \u2013 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea cre\u015fterii ", "D. radia\u0163ii X \u2013 phocomelie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Nichelul ca agent carcinogen ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 la nive lul:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. sinusurilor ", "B. ficatului ", "C. pielii ", "D. prostatei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Retinoblastomul este:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. determinat de inactivarea protooncogenelor ", "B. consecin\u0163a unei transloca\u0163ii cromozomale ", "C. produs de inactivarea genelor supresor tumorale ", "D. dovedit ereditar \u00een cele mai multe dintre cazuri " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Imunoglobuline ce pot ajunge \u00een s\u00e2ngele fetal s unt:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. Ig A ", "B. Ig G ", "C. Ig E ", "D. Ig M " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Tumorile maligne:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. apar \u00eentr-o popula\u0163ie celular\u0103 omogen\u0103 genetic ", "B. au inerva\u0163ie \u015fi vasculariza\u0163ie proprie ", "C. sunt adesea sensibile la supresori tumorali ", "D. au modalit\u0103\u0163i proprii de hr\u0103nire " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Satelitul cromozomal:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. este o regiune eucromatic\u0103 ", "B. este o forma\u0163iune heterocromatic\u0103 ", "C. coincide cu constric\u0163ia primar\u0103 ", "D. asigur\u0103 deplasarea cromozomului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Antigenul HLA-DR:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. apar\u0163ine clasei I de antigeni ", "B. gena lui se afl\u0103 pe un cromozom metacentric ", "C. este exprimat pe macrofage ", "D. determin\u0103 respingerea rapid\u0103 a transplantului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Situsurile fragile:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. pot fi structuri triradiale sau inelare ", "2. reprezint\u0103 locul de origine al unor dele\u0163ii ", "3. pot fi lacune monocromatidice ", "4. sunt implicate \u00een apari\u0163ia cancerului " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Virusul HIV:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. con\u0163ine dou\u0103 molecule de ARN ", "2. este un retrovirus ", "3. con\u0163ine ARN monocatenar ", "4. are 6 filamente de adeziune " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Aminoacilsintetazele:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sunt activate de guanozin trifosfat ", "2. ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 la cap\u0103tul 5\u00b4 al ARNt ", "3. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 la subunitatea mic\u0103 ribozomal\u0103 ", "4. catalizeaz\u0103 formarea unei leg\u0103turi covalente " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Leucemia:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. poate fi tratat\u0103 cu interferon alfa ", "2. mieloid\u0103 determin\u0103 apari\u0163ia unei gene hibride- abcl ", "3. cronic\u0103 limfocitar\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o trisomie ", "4. este rezultatul activ\u0103rii protooncogenelor virale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Gena c-ras :", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. poate suferi o substitu\u0163ie la nivelul codonului 12 ", "2. este implicat\u0103 \u00een sinteza unei proteine care con\u0163ine glicin\u0103 ", "3. prin muta\u0163ie poate genera tumori la prostat\u0103 ", "4. intr\u0103 \u00een structura cromozomului Philadelphia " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de \u00eencheiere a transla\u0163iei:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. intervin aminoacilsintetaze ", "2. intervine ARN polimeraza III ", "3. are loc translocarea codonului AUG \u00een pozi\u0163ia P ", "4. la cap\u0103tul catenei polipeptidice se leag\u0103 o molecul\u0103 de ap\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Proinsulina:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. este digerat\u0103 de restrictaze ", "2. con\u0163ine o punte disulfuric\u0103 \u00een catena A ", "3. este sintetizat\u0103 \u00een celulele alfa pancreatice ", "4. are trei catene polipeptidice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Virusul poliomelitei \u015fi cel al turb\u0103rii:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. au capside poliedrice \u015fi fibre de adeziune ", "2. sunt parazi\u0163i absolu\u0163i de nivel genetic ", "3. sunt adenovirusuri utilizate \u00een terapia genic\u0103 ", "4. con\u0163in uracil \u00een molecula de acid nucleic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Ig G spre deosebire de celelalte clase de imuno globuline:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. nu con\u0163ine pun\u0163i de sulf intercatenare ", "2. este \u00een procent de peste 50% ", "3. activeaz\u0103 complementul ", "4. poate s\u0103 str\u0103bat\u0103 placenta " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Grupa G de autozomi:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. include cromozomi de dimensiuni mici cu sateli\u0163i ", "2. are cromozomi cu constric\u0163ii secundare pe bra\u0163ul q ", "3. este asociat\u0103 cu neurofibromatoza de tip 2 ", "4. are \u015fi cromozomi submetacentrici " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Radicalul fosfat formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. de hidrogen cu bazele azotate ", "2. esterice cu pentozele ", "3. triple cu guanina ", "4. covalente \u00een caten\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Electroforeza ADN implic\u0103:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. denaturarea ireversibil\u0103 a ADN-ului ", "2. vizualizarea moleculelor ", "3. ata\u015farea primerilor \u00een secven\u0163a original\u0103 ", "4. separarea moleculelor \u00een gel de agaroz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Activarea aminoacizilor:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. este un proces enzimatic ", "2. are loc \u00een molecula de ARNt ", "3. necesit\u0103 hidroliza ATP ", "4. are loc \u00een nucleu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt rezultatul unor dele\u0163ii cromozomale:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. meningiomul ", "2. neuroblastomul ", "3. retinoblastomul ", "4. tumora testicular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sunt etape ale carcinogenezei:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. apoptoza ", "2. ini\u0163ierea ", "3. necroza ", "4. metastaza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Activarea genelor supresor tumorale poate fi de clan\u0219at\u0103 de:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. pierderea unui segment de cromozom ", "2. muta\u0163ii cromozomale ", "3. hipermetilarea unor baze azotate ", "4. dele\u0163ia unor nucleotide " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Protooncogenele se transform\u0103 \u00een oncogene celul are prin:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. amplificare ", "2. inser\u0163ii ", "3. muta\u0163ii ", "4. transloca\u0163ii " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Afecteaz\u0103 \u0163esutul reticulat:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. carcinomul ", "2. limfomul ", "3. lipomul ", "4. mielomul " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Bolile autoimune:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. au o predispozi\u0163ie familial\u0103 ", "2. afecteaz\u0103 limfocitele B ", "3. modific\u0103 func\u0163ia macrofagelor ", "4. afecteaz\u0103 limfocitele T " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Laparoscopul este util \u00een:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. clonare terapeutic\u0103 ", "2. amniocentez\u0103 ", "3. terapie genic\u0103 ", "4. fertilizare in vitro " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cariotipul uman normal:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. cuprinde \u00een grupa B cromozomi submetacentrici ", "2. are grupe ce cuprind \u00eentre 2 \u015fi 7 perechi de cromozo mi somatici ", "3. include cromozomi cu satelit \u00een grupele D \u015fi G ", "4. prezint\u0103 6 grupe de autozomi \u015fi o grup\u0103 de heterozom i " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Sindromul Patau se deosebe\u015fte de sindromul Down pri n:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. mecanismul de apari\u0163ie al anomaliei cromozomiale ", "2. prezen\u0163a de malforma\u0163ii ale scheletului \u015fi ale inimii ", "3. afectarea numeric\u0103 a autozomilor ", "4. durata de via\u0163\u0103 a persoanelor bolnave " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de amplificare genic\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 formarea unor regiuni colorate omogen \u00een cromozomi ", "2. poate determina transformarea proto-oncogenelor \u00een o ncogene ", "3. poate fi depistat prin hibridizarea genomic\u0103 compa rativ\u0103 ", "4. are loc numai prin replicarea adi\u0163ional\u0103 a ADN-ului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Distrofia Duchenne:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. se manifest\u0103 la b\u0103ie\u0163i, deoarece sunt hemizigo\u0163i ", "2. poate fi depistat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 ", "3. este determinat\u0103 de o dele\u0163ie genic\u0103 par\u0163ial\u0103 ", "4. se manifest\u0103 prin dificult\u0103\u0163i \u00een locomo\u0163ie \u00eenc\u0103 din c opil\u0103rie " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Biopsia \u0163esutului corionic:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. se poate practica \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 ", "2. detecteaz\u0103 anemia falciform\u0103 prin analize cariotipi ce ", "3. presupune prelevarea celulelor de la nivelul placent ei ", "4. este o metod\u0103 invaziv\u0103 ce permite extragerea ovocite lor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Amniocenteza \u015fi biopsia \u0163esutului corionic:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. permit detectarea unor anomalii cromozomiale ", "2. implic\u0103 un risc de avort ", "3. permit efectuarea de teste biochimice ", "4. se pot realiza doar \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Cauza retinoblastomului este inactivarea:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. oncogenelor ", "2. antioncogenelor ", "3. protooncogenelor ", "4. genelor supresoare tumorale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Limfocitele B:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 ", "2. prezint\u0103 pe suprafa\u0163a lor IgD ", "3. devin plasmocite bogate \u00een dictiozomi ", "4. sunt stimulate de interleukin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Unele tipuri de limfocite T:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. pot amplifica r\u0103spunsul limfocitelor B ", "2. au receptori pentru citokine, asigur\u00e2nd imunitatea u moral\u0103 ", "3. fagociteaz\u0103 celule care poart\u0103 antigene de histocomp atibilitate ", "4. au ca markeri de suprafa\u0163\u0103 HLA-DQ, din clasa I " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Celulele stem:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. pot genera clone tisulare ", "2. sunt celule nediferen\u0163iate ", "3. se pot folosi pentru tratamentul bolii Parkinson ", "4. se afl\u0103 \u00een m\u0103duva hematogen\u0103 a oaselor " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2019" }, { "question": "Referitor la func\u021bia heterocatalitic\u0103 a ADN -ului, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. recunoa\u0219terea codo n \u2013 anticodon necesit\u0103 trei molecule de GTP ", "B. polipeptidele sintetizate sunt d igerate sub ac\u021biunea kinaze lor ", "C. factorul \u03c3 recunoa\u0219te promotorul \u0219i se leag\u0103 de ARN - polimeraz\u0103 ", "D. la eucariote, ADN \u2013 polimeraza se deta\u0219eaz\u0103 de ADN -ul transcris " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "ADN \u2013ul bacterian:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. este asociat cu protei ne histonice la cianobacterii ca E. coli ", "B. este liniar la Pseudomonas, ca \u0219i ADN -ul plasmidului pBR322 ", "C. nece sit\u0103 ac\u021biunea dezoxiribonucleazelor \u00een timpul transcrip\u021biei ", "D. con\u021bine c\u00e2te o singur\u0103 cop ie din fiecare gen\u0103 a nucleoidului " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Consumarea unor alimente bogate \u00een proteine presupune urm\u0103torul mecanism de reglaj transcrip\u021bional:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. degradarea unor molecule de ARN -m \u00een citoplasma celulelor ", "B. activarea genelor care determin\u0103 sinteza de enzime proteolitice ", "C. selec\u021bia moleculelor de ARN -m car e vor migra la ribozomi ", "D. controlul ireversibil al exprim\u0103rii genelor in timpul transcrierii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Anticodonul AGU din complexul aminoacid - ARN-t are urm\u0103toarele caracteristici:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. are nucleo tide corespunz\u0103toare secven\u021bei AGT din catena copiat\u0103 a ADN -ului ", "B. este implicat \u00een ata\u0219area aminoacidului la cap\u0103tul 5, al acidului ribonucleic ", "C. formeaz\u0103 o leg\u0103tur\u0103 covalent\u0103 cu trei nucleotide complementare din ARN -m ", "D. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een cadrul procesului autocatalitic din nucleul celulelor eucariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen experimentul Meselson -Stahl, dup\u0103 20 de minute \u00een care bacteriile au fost cultivate \u00een mediu cu 14N, se ob\u021bin molecule de ADN:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. nemarcate radioactiv ", "B. cu ambele catene grele ", "C. cu o caten\u0103 grea \u0219i una u\u0219oar\u0103 ", "D. cu ambele catene u\u0219oare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Didezoxiribonucleotidel e se deosebesc de dezoxiribonucleotide prin:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. o grupare hidroxil - la carbonul 5` ", "B. un atom de hidrogen - la carbonul 2` ", "C. o grupare hidroxil - la carbonul 3` ", "D. un atom de hidrogen - la carbonul 3` " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Factorul sigma:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. este un factor de elonga\u0163ie ", "B. stabilizeaz\u0103 ARN -polimeraza ", "C. leag\u0103 ribozomul de ARNm ", "D. este segmentul de ADN promotor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Satelitul cromozomal:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. este o regiune eucromatic\u0103 ", "B. este prezent \u00een orice cromozom eucariot ", "C. nu apare niciodat\u0103 la cromozomii eucariotelor ", "D. este o forma\u0163iune heterocromatic \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Prin analiz\u0103 de cariotip , se pot depista:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. sindromul XXX \u0219i trisomia 13 ", "B. mongoloismul \u0219i drepanocitoza ", "C. mucoviscidoza \u0219i hemofilia B ", "D. alcaptonuria \u0219i sindromul Patau " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Genom ul uman are mai multe particularit\u0103\u021bi, printre care:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. genele din ADN mt nu prezint\u0103 introni \u0219i au rol \u0219i \u00een sinteza de ARN r ", "B. genele de \u00eentre\u021binere au devenit inactive \u00een urma unor muta\u021bii ", "C. ADN \u2013ul extragenic \u00een num\u0103r mic de exemplare poate fi repetitiv \u00een tandem ", "D. cele mai multe gene sunt \u00een regiuni le \u00een care predomi n\u0103 adenina \u0219i timina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen cromozomul 6 exist\u0103 gene care intervin \u00een determinismul:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. grupelor de s\u00e2nge \u2013 sistemul ABO ", "B. sindromului Rett ", "C. inteligen\u0163ei ", "D. leucemiei cronice mieloide " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Fenilcetonuria:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. are o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1/3000 \u00een cazul evreilor Ashkenazi ", "B. apare \u00een procesul form\u0103rii tiroxinei din tirozin\u0103 ", "C. se poate manifesta \u00een descenden\u021ba indivizilor heterozigo\u021bi ", "D. apare obligatoriu \u00een fiecare genera\u021bie a descenden\u021bei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Clasa I de antigeni HLA:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. activeaz\u0103 limfocitele T \u015fi B \u00een ganglionii limfatici ", "B. determin\u0103 respingerea lent\u0103 a unui transplant ", "C. sunt exprima\u0163i numai pe celulele sistemului imun ", "D. se testeaz\u0103 prin reac\u0163ia de amestec limfocitar " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigeni:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se g\u0103sesc numai pe limfocitele B ", "B. au structur\u0103 tetrameric\u0103 \u03b1,\u03b2,\u03b3,\u03b4 ", "C. genele acestora sunt \u00een cromozomii 2,7,14 ", "D. recunosc molecule legate de MHC " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina E:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. neutralizeaz\u0103 virusuri \u0219i bacterii din saliv\u0103 ", "B. are mare afinitate fa\u021b\u0103 de monocite \u0219i alergeni ", "C. este, de regul\u0103, \u00een concen tra\u021bie sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een \u021besutul conjunctiv ", "D. este denumit\u0103 \u0219i \u201canticorp timpuriu\u201d " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Virusul MS2:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. infecteaz\u0103 nucleul celulei gazd\u0103 ", "B. con\u021bine 50 de gene, dispuse lini ar ", "C. are enzime proprii pentru multiplicare ", "D. con\u021bin e o pentoz\u0103 cu patru grup\u0103ri hidroxil " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Virusurile lipsite de ADN:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. au capsid\u0103 exclusiv lipidic\u0103 ", "B. au material genetic exclusiv monocatenar ", "C. con\u0163in plasmide ca material genetic accesoriu ", "D. au ca reprezentan\u021bi reovirusurile " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre subunitatea 60S a ribozomilor este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. are ARN 18S, care intr\u0103 \u00een structura peptidil -transferazei ", "B. ini\u021biaz\u0103 sinteza proteic\u0103, prin legarea de ARNt care poart\u0103 metionina ", "C. con\u021bine aproximativ 50 de proteine \u0219i trei tipuri de ARN ", "D. are ARN 5,8S implicat \u00een men\u021binerea stabilit\u0103\u021bii telomerilor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Se manifest\u0103 prin tulbur\u0103ri de comportament, urm\u0103toarele anomalii heterozomale:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. sindromul Prader -Willi ", "B. fenilcetonuria ", "C. sindromul triplo X ", "D. neurofibromatoza " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Carcinogeneza poate fi consecin\u021ba unor:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. trisomii 7 \u0219i 18 \u00een cazul cancerului colorectal ", "B. transloca\u021bii care pot genera gene fuzionate ", "C. mut a\u021bii punctiforme, ca re formeaz\u0103 gene himere ", "D. transloca\u021bii 14 \u2192 18 \u00een cazul limfomului Burkitt " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dintre cele mai importante tipuri de limfoc ite T fac parte :", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. limfocitele regl atoare citotoxice ", "B. plasmocitele, maturat e \u00een timus ", "C. limfocitele ef ectoare supresoare ", "D. limfocitele T helper, ajut\u0103toare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Leucemia poate fi:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. indus\u0103 de oxidul de fier ", "B. rezultatul unei transloca\u021bii 9q -22q ", "C. tratat\u0103 cu interferon beta ", "D. rezultatul unei trisomii 22 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. cancer colorectal \u2013 trisomie 7 ", "B. tumor\u0103 testicular\u0103 \u2013 inversie 12 ", "C. rabdosarcom alveolar \u2013 transloca\u021bie 13 -18 ", "D. neurofibromatoz\u0103 \u2013 dele\u021bie 10 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Agen\u0163ii teratogeni pot induce:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. fenitoin - virilizare ", "B. progestine \u2013 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea cre\u015fterii ", "C. radia\u0163ii X - phocomelie ", "D. streptomicina - surditate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Anticorpii implica\u021bi \u00een imunitatea pasiv\u0103 sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een :", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. ser- Ig A ", "B. saliv\u0103 -Ig M ", "C. lapte- Ig D ", "D. lacrimi - IgG " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Plasmocitele :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. la contactul cu antigenul elibereaz\u0103 interleukin\u0103 ", "B. se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 din limfocitele Th ", "C. au un reticul sarcoplasmatic bogat ", "D. produc substan\u021be care au 4 lan\u021buri polipeptidice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Antigenul HLA -DR:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. este exprimat pe macrofage ", "B. apar\u0163ine clasei III de antigeni ", "C. gena care \u00eel codific\u0103 se g \u0103se\u015fte \u00een cromozomul 7 ", "D. determin\u0103 respingerea rapid\u0103 a transplantului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Rata de succes a unui transplant de cord depinde de:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. rezultatul testulu i RAL doar \u00een cazul transplantului singenic ", "B. eficien\u021ba celulelor de tip Ts pentru fr\u00e2narea reac\u021biei imune ", "C. cantitatea de interferon produs\u0103 de antigenii HLA ", "D. capacitatea citotoxic\u0103 a citokinelor ganglionare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Alege r\u0103spunsul corect referitor la r\u0103spunsul imun \u00een cazul unei alergii:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. presupune un mecanism de rearanjare a genelor pentru imunoglobuline ", "B. alergenul intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu antigenele de tip IgE de pe suprafa\u021ba mastocitelor ", "C. anumite celule conjunctive elibereaz\u0103 substan\u021be care pot stimula nociceptorii ", "D. interac\u021biunea histaminelor cu efectorii din vasele sanguine produce fisuri celulare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Celulele hibridoma produc\u0103toare de anticorpi sunt:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. provenite din celule tip mielom \u0219i limfocite B ", "B. celule ob\u0163inute prin hibridarea molecular\u0103 a ADN ", "C. hibrizi \u00eentre celule somatice \u015fi bacterii ", "D. ob\u021binute printr -o hibridare \u00eentre game\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Referitor la istoricul cercet\u0103rilor de genetic\u0103 este corect c\u0103:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. 1953 \u2013 J. Watson \u0219i F. Crick: descrierea structurii mac romoleculei de ADN ", "2. 1944 - F.Griffith: dovedirea faptului c\u0103 ADN-ul este material genetic ", "3. 1957- F.Conrat, B.Singer: eviden\u021bierea rolului ARN -ului din VMT ", "4. 1977 - Fred Sanger : cartarea genomului uman " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Operonul trp :", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. are un mecanism de tip inductibil ", "2. func\u021bioneaz\u0103 sincron cu represorul ", "3. devine activ \u00een exces de produs final ", "4. este blocat dac\u0103 represor ul este activ " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Activarea aminoacizilor:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. necesit\u0103 consum de energie ", "2. implic\u0103 1 0 molecule de ARNt ", "3. este un proces enzimatic ", "4. se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een nucleu " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "R eglajul transcrip\u021bion al la eucariote se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. promotorul se leag\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i de factorul de transcrip\u021bie TFIID ", "2. secven\u021bele de ARN numite intensific atori controleaz\u0103 transcrip\u021bia ", "3. histonele se desprind de ADN \u00een urma fosforil\u0103rii non- histon elor ", "4. ubicvitina atac\u0103 proteinele, recunoscute apoi de proteosomi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen faza de ini\u021biere a transla\u021biei:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. are loc activarea ADN -ului ", "2. se mut\u0103 codonul AUG \u00een pozi\u021bia E ", "3. intervine ARN polimeraza ", "4. energia este furnizat\u0103 de ATP \u0219i de GTP " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul unei celule bacteriene, pentru metabolizarea lactozei este necesar\u0103:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. recunoa\u0219terea promotorului de c\u0103tre ADN polimeraz\u0103 ", "2. inactivarea genei operatoare de c\u0103tre inductor ", "3. transcrierea genei regla toare din structura operonului ", "4. inactivarea represorului de c\u0103tre moleculele de lactoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Operonul lac, spre deosebire de operonul trp :", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. intervine \u00een sinteza enzimelor catabolice ", "2. este implicat \u00een sinteza a cinci enzime ", "3. include genele structurale Z, Y, A ", "4. este caracteristic celulelor bacteriene " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Plasmidele:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. Ti au rol \u00een recombinarea genetic\u0103 ", "2. con\u0163in un num\u0103r redus de gene ", "3. F sunt implicate \u00een parasexualitate ", "4. sunt molecule circulare de ADN bicatenar " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "La C 6 al nucleului purinic se poate lega:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. o grupare OH ", "2. o grupare CH3 ", "3. dezoxiriboza ", "4. o grupare NH 2 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Genomul s peciei Haemophilus influenzae:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine peste 6000 de gene ", "2. a fost primul genom celular descris ", "3. con\u021bine gena pentru reverstranscriptaz\u0103 ", "4. este o molecul\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 circular \u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Tehnica PCR este important\u0103 pentru:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. clonarea unor fragmente de ADN ", "2. diagnosticarea unor boli infec\u0163ioase ", "3. identificarea unor tr\u0103s\u0103turi genetice ", "4. realizarea testelor de paternitate " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Cromozomii din perechea 12:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. \u00een num\u0103r triplu, determin\u0103 sindromul Patau ", "2. sunt lipsi\u021bi de constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 ", "3. con\u021bin gena pentru neurofibromatoza tip 2 ", "4. au dou\u0103 regiuni pe bra\u021bul lung " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Un individ tipic din subrasa nordic\u0103 este:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. dolicocefal \u0219i heterozigot pentru culoarea ochilor ", "2. brahicefal \u0219i homozigot pentru culoarea p\u0103rului ", "3. longilin \u0219 i heterozigot pen tru culoarea pielii ", "4. cu nasul lung \u0219i homozigot pentru culoarea ochilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. au cromozomi supranumerari \u00een grupa E, ca \u0219i cei cu sindrom Edwards ", "2. prezint\u0103 criptohidie, care poate fi identificat\u0103 prin amniocentez\u0103 ", "3. manifest\u0103 fenomenul de compensa\u021bie de doz\u0103, ca \u0219i cei cu sindrom Jacobs ", "4. pot avea \u0219i mozaicism cromozomal de tipul 48 , XXXY; 46, XY " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cenapoierea mental\u0103 poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u00een :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. boala Tay \u2013 Sachs ", "2. galactozemie ", "3. sindromul Hunter ", "4. fibroza chistic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Oncogenele virale:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. stopeaz\u0103 proliferarea celular\u0103 ", "2. toate sunt ge ne hibride ", "3. pot prezenta \u0219i introni ", "4. pot avea muta\u021bii punctiforme " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Asociaz\u0103 caracterul morfologic cu tipul de determin ism genetic:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. forma ochilor - mendelian, monogenic ", "2. memoria - non-mendelian, poligenic ", "3. densitatea genelor \u2013 mendelian, monogenic ", "4. \u00een\u0103l\u021bime a nasului \u2013 non-mendelian , poli genic " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Procentul estimativ al heritabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een cazul urm\u0103toarelor maladii poligenice este:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. depresia \u2013 35% ", "2. \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea \u2013 100% ", "3. diabet tip I \u2013 70% ", "4. schizof renia \u2013 85% " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Despre indica\u021biile utiliz\u0103rii diferitelor clase de interferon \u00een tratamentul cancerului este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. toate clasele de interferon sunt eficiente \u00een cazul celulelor atacate de antigeni ", "2. beta interferonul are propriet\u0103\u021bi proliferative \u00een cazul tumorilor cerebrale ", "3. gamma interferonul este indic at \u00een tratamentul osteoporozei ", "4. alpha interferonul se administreaz\u0103 \u00een tratamentul unor forme de cancer al pielii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T prezint\u0103 urm\u0103toarele caracteristici func\u021bionale:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. limfocitele helper influen\u021beaz\u0103 diferen\u021bierea limfocitelor B spre plasmocit ", "2. gena pentru sinteza catenei alfa ap ar\u021bine unui cromozom din grupa D ", "3. prin MHC recunosc antigenele self, prevenind declan\u0219area autoimunit\u0103\u021bii ", "4. limfocitele Ts inhib\u0103 limfocitele efectoare \u0219i induc intoleran\u021b\u0103 la anumi\u021bi antigeni " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dele\u021biile pot constitui cauza pentru:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. cancerul pulmonar ", "2. limfomul folicular ", "3. neuroblastom ", "4. sarcom Ewing " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman normal :", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. grupa A include cromozomii din perechile 1 - 3 ", "2. grupa C con\u0163ine cromozomi telocentrici ", "3. grupa B are mai pu\u021bini cromozomi dec\u00e2t A ", "4. grupa G con\u0163ine 3 cromozomi la femei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "\u00cen urma fecunda\u0163ie i unor game\u021bi neechilibra\u021bi genetic , pot ap\u0103rea urm\u0103toarele sindroame:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. Jacobs \u2013 44 + XYY ", "2. Patau \u2013 45 + XY ", "3. Edwards \u2013 45 + XX ", "4. Prader -Willi \u2013 43 + XY " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Moleculele de imunoglobulin\u0103 au \u00een structura lor:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. lan\u021buri grele de tip alpha \u0219i lambda ", "2. situsuri specifice de combinare cu antigenii ", "3. lan\u021buri u\u0219oare ce stau la baza clasific\u0103rii lor \u00een 5 tipuri ", "4. leg\u0103turi disulfidice, intra \u0219i intercatenare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Imunitatea specific\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. antigene leucocitare din clasa II care ajut\u0103 celulele citotoxice T ", "2. polimorfonucleare, eozinofile \u0219i b azofile cu ac\u021biune fagocitar\u0103 ", "3. proteine serice care se inser\u0103 pe membrana nucleului ", "4. limfocite B activate de interleukina eliberat\u0103 de limfocitele T " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Caracterul facies mongoloid apare \u00een urm\u0103toarele afec\u021biuni genomice:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. fenilcetonurie ", "2. beta \u2013 talasemie ", "3. albinism ", "4. sindrom Down " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Interferonii :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. sunt glicoproteine cu acizi sialici terminali ", "2. \u00eempiedic\u0103 func\u021bionarea ARN m viral ", "3. pot fi produ\u0219i \u0219i de limfocite killer ", "4. sunt sintetiza\u021bi de 14 pseudogene \u0219i 7 gene " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Celulele stem pot genera celule :", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. contractile ", "2. anucleate ", "3. glandulare ", "4. cu prelungiri " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 o femeie \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 are peste 38 de ani:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. nu i se poate realiza amniocenteza ", "2. este indicat diagnosticul prenatal ", "3. este contraindicat\u0103 ecografia ", "4. cre\u015fte riscul de a na\u015fte un copil cu trisomie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "Laparoscopul este util \u00een:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. amniocentez\u0103 ", "2. clonare terapeutic\u0103 ", "3. terapie genic\u0103 ", "4. fertilizare in vitro " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2020" }, { "question": "ARN -ul ribozomal:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. 18S are rol catalitic ", "B. cel de 5S intr\u0103 \u00een stru ctura peptidil - transferazei ", "C. cea mai mare parte se sintetizeaz\u0103 \u00een nucleoli ", "D. 5,8S intr\u0103 \u00een alc\u0103tuirea subunit\u0103\u021bii mici ribozomale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tipurile de ADN au urm\u0103toarele caracterisitici:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. tipul A este prezent in vitro \u00een regiuni dublu catenare ale moleculei de ARN ", "B. tipul Z are rota\u021bia/perechi de baze de -30 ", "C. tipul B prezint\u0103 un schelet glucido \u2013 fosforic cu r\u0103sucire spre st\u00e2nga ", "D. tipul A are pasul helixului de 11 \u00c5 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Spre deosebire de dezoxiribonucleotide, didezoxiribonucleotidele prezint\u0103 :", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. azot la carbonul 3\u0374 ", "B. fosfor la carbonul 5\u0374 ", "C. hidrogen la carbonul 3\u0374 ", "D. grupare hidroxil la carbonul 5\u0374 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Endonucleazele intervin \u00een :", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. replicarea ADN ", "B. transcrip\u021bia ARN m ", "C. maturarea ARN m ", "D. transla\u021bia informa\u021biei genetice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cel mai mic num\u0103r de gene umane este implicat \u00een procese de:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. ap\u0103r are \u0219i imunitate ", "B. semnalizare intracelular\u0103 ", "C. metabolism ", "D. comunicare intercelular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen ficat ca \u0219i \u00een glanda salivar\u0103 a \u0219oarece lui, ARN precursor con\u021bine :", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. 4 introni, 5 exoni, un ini\u021biator ", "B. 4 exoni, 3 introni, ini\u021biator ", "C. exon L, exon S , 3 introni, ini\u021biator ", "D. ini\u021biator, Intron1, exon S, intron 2, exon L, intron 3, exon 4 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Plasmidele:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. sunt molecule mici de ADN ab sente la om ", "B. de tip R au rol \u00een sinteze de antibiotice ", "C. se replic\u0103 autonom, dependent de cromozomul celulei gazd\u0103 ", "D. au form\u0103 circular\u0103 sau liniar\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen experi mentul Messelson -Stahl, prima genera\u0163ie de ADN hibrid con\u0163ine ADN:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. nemarcat cu izotopi ", "B. cu o caten\u0103 grea \u015fi una u\u015foar\u0103 ", "C. cu ambele catene grele ", "D. cu ambele catene u\u015foare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen transcrip\u0163ie, ARN polimeraza:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. se asociaz\u0103 cu o secven\u021b\u0103 bidirec\u021bional\u0103 din catena de ADN ", "B. rupe pun\u021bile de hidrogen din ADN ", "C. recunoa\u0219te un factor stabilizator numit sigma din molecula de ADN ", "D. se asociaz\u0103 precursorului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pentru realizarea transla\u021biei:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. se activeaz\u0103 aminoacizii cu energie furnizat\u0103 de GTP ", "B. aminoacil -sintetazele cata lizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura covalent\u0103 dintre aminoacizi \u0219i ARNr ", "C. ARNt transfer\u0103 aminoacizi din nucleu \u00een citoplasm\u0103 la ribozomi ", "D. aminoacizii se leag\u0103 direct de cap\u0103tul 3' al ARN de transfer " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dele\u021bia 3p, 9p, sau 17p poate determina:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. cancer la colon ", "B. cancer la s\u00e2n ", "C. cance r pulmonar ", "D. cancer pancreatic " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen retroinhibi\u0163ia enzimatic\u0103:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. produsul final interac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu gena operatoare ", "B. se stopeaz\u0103 o cale metabolic\u0103 ", "C. se sintetizeaza enzime catabolice ", "D. este activat\u0103 prima enzim\u0103 a c\u0103ii metabolice " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Inteligen\u0163a:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. este afectat\u0103 \u00een cazul hipofosfatazemiei ", "B. este determinat\u0103 \u015fi de gena CTSD din cromozomul 6 ", "C. poate fi limitat\u0103 (borderline), IQ=70 -79 ", "D. este determinat\u0103 \u015fi de o gen\u0103 Kibra exprimat\u0103 \u00een hipotalamus " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomii din grupa C:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin gene implicate \u00een determinismul grupei de s\u00e2n ge ", "B. sunt cromozomi metacentrici; ", "C. con\u021bin gene pentru caracterul hairy pinna ", "D. con\u0163in \u015fi cr omozomi cu sateli\u0163i pe bra\u0163ul p " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Caracterele poligenice:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. sunt influen\u021bate uneori de factori de mediu ", "B. prag reprezint\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turi negativ e de comportament ", "C. merisitice \u2013 variaz\u0103 de la o extrem\u0103 la alta ", "D. continue \u2013 se determin\u0103 prin num\u0103rare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Microsateli\u021bii:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. sunt secven\u021be de ARN repetitiv ", "B. se repet\u0103 constant \u00een catena de ARN ", "C. pot fi detecta\u021bi prin tehnica PCR ", "D. con\u021bin unit\u0103\u021bi repetitive (CA) n, (CCA) n sau(CUCA) n " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura nucleoidului intr\u0103 :", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. regiunile constante ce con\u021bin un num\u0103r constant de 6 \u2013 10 gene ", "B. pun\u021bile de hidrogen \u00eentre bazele purinice ", "C. plasmide de form\u0103 circular\u0103 ", "D. proteine \u0219i ARN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomul 12:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. apar\u021bine grupei cu cromozomi metacentric i cei mai mici ", "B. poate suferi muta\u021bii de tip trisomii \u00een liposarcom ", "C. con\u021bine trei regiuni pe bra\u021bul q ", "D. prin abera\u021bii de tip inversiune determin\u0103 tumor \u0103 testicular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Penetran\u021ba incomplet\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te \u00een cazul maladiei :", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. Tay - Sachs ", "B. Prader - Willi ", "C. Marfan ", "D. Huntington " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Virusul gripal ca \u0219i virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. bistrat lipidic ", "B. 2 molecule de ARN bicatenar ", "C. \u00eenveli\u0219 proteic ce con\u021bine hemaglutinin\u0103 ", "D. reverstranscriptaza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Factorii de transcrip\u021bie:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. recunosc promotorul \u0219i se leag\u0103 de fragmentul TATA ", "B. se ata\u015feaz\u0103 ini\u021bial de ARN \u2013 polimeraza I ", "C. intervin \u00een \u00eencheierea transcrip\u0163iei prin fosforilarea ARN - polimerazei ", "D. sunt structuri proteice cu rol reglator " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Enzimele sintetizate \u00een operonul Lac :", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. sunt enzime anabolizante ce particip\u0103 la metabolizar ea lactoz ei ", "B. se sintetizeaz\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd represorul este activ ", "C. sunt codificate de gene structurale ", "D. blocheaz\u0103 operonul atunci c\u00e2nd \u03b2 - galactozidaza se cupleaz\u0103 cu produsul final " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gena MEN2A este localizat\u0103 la nivelul cromozomului:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. 10 ", "B. 13 ", "C. 17 ", "D. 22 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Agen \u0163ii teratogeni pot induce:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. chloroq uina \u2013 surditate ", "B. warfarin \u2013 focomelie ", "C. progestine \u2013 microcefalie ", "D. fenitoin \u2013 virilizare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Metilarea unor baze azotate din ADN va determina:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. ini\u021bierea transla\u021biei ", "B. decondensarea cromatinei ", "C. inactivarea genelor ", "D. ini\u021bierea t ranscrip\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin folosirea unor coloran\u021bi specifici se pot identifica la nivelul cromozomilor :", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. benzi G, \u00een care predomin\u0103 nucleotide cu G - C ", "B. benzi R, \u00een care predomin\u0103 nucleotide cu A -T ", "C. benzi C, \u00een zona cu G - C ", "D. benzi T - \u00een zona telomerelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sarcomul Ewing este:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. determinat de inactivarea protooncogenelor ", "B. consecin\u0163a unei transloca\u0163ii cromozomale ", "C. produs de inactivarea genelor supresor tumorale ", "D. consecin\u021ba unei dele\u021bii cromozomale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Virusul mozaicului conopidei spre deosebire de virusul mozaicu lui tutunului prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. capsid\u0103 alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din subunit\u0103\u021bi proteice ", "B. filamente cu rol de adeziune la nivelul capsidei ", "C. genom reprezentat de o molecul\u0103 de ARN liniar ", "D. o molecul\u0103 de ADN de form\u0103 circular\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Indivizii brahicefali \u0219i p\u0103r \u00eenchis la culoare apar \u021bin subraselor :", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. mediteranoid\u0103 \u0219i alpin\u0103 ", "B. dinaric\u0103 \u0219i nordic\u0103 ", "C. alpin\u0103 \u0219i dinaric\u0103 ", "D. mediteranoid\u0103 \u0219i dinaric\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. con\u021bine 93% ADN repetitiv ", "B. are form\u0103 liniar\u0103 ca \u0219i cromozomii nucleari ", "C. con\u021bine 37 de gene, cele mai multe pentru ARN r ", "D. poate f i asociat cu proteine , \u00een mic\u0103 parte " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre alela LB, care determin\u0103 grupa sangvin\u0103 B este adev\u0103rat:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. are frecven\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u00een popula\u021bia australian\u0103 ", "2. este localizat\u0103 pe cromozomul 9p34 ", "3. este rar\u0103 \u00een popula\u021bia asiatic\u0103 ", "4. se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te \u00een genotipul indivizilor cu grupa sangvin\u0103 ce poate primi s\u00e2nge de la grupa AB " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tehnica PCR este utilizat\u0103 \u00een:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. realizarea testelor de paternitate ", "2. diagnosticul molecular al maladiilor genetice ", "3. clonarea genelor ", "4. studii de evolu\u021bionism " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Telomerii:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. sunt regiuni ale cromozomilor eucario\u021bi implicate \u00een stabilitatea acestora ", "2. intervin \u00een procese de transcrip\u021bie a informa\u021biei genetice ", "3. sunt necesari pentru realizarea func\u021biei autocatalitice a materialului genetic ", "4. au pozi\u021bie inte rmediar\u0103, la nivelul fiec\u0103rui bra\u021b cromozomal " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre b olile degenerative ale sistemului nervos central putem afirma :", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. pot fi determinate de interac\u021biunea unor factori de mediu cu factorii transcrip\u021biei ", "2. \u00een cazul fenilcetonuriei se produce o substan\u021b\u0103: fe nil \u2013 alanil \u2013 hidroxilaza ce determin\u0103 acumularea fenilalaninei \u00een creier ", "3. choreea Huntington se manifest\u0103 de obicei dup\u0103 maturitate ", "4. radicalii de oxigen sau oxizi de fosfor pot bloca exprimarea genelor implicate \u00een dezvoltarea sistemului nervos " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Prin el ectroforez\u0103 se poate realiza:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. izolarea fragmentelor de ADN \u00een gel de poliacrilamid\u0103 ", "2. diferen\u021biera izoenzimelor ", "3. estimarea m\u0103rimii moleculelor de ADN ", "4. determinarea structurii tridimensionale a acizilor nucleici \u0219i a proteinelor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Caractere umane cu determini sm homozigot sunt:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. p\u0103r neted ", "2. albinism ", "3. ochi alba\u0219tri ", "4. nas grec " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura ADN, radicalul fosfat realizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. \u00eentre carbonii C 5 ai pentozelor \u00eenvecinate ", "2. esterice cu pentozele ", "3. de hidrogen cu bazele azotate ", "4. covalente intracatenare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Fenomenul de amplificare genic\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. determin\u0103 formarea unor regiuni colorate omogen \u00een cromozomi ", "2. poate determina transformarea proto -oncogenelor \u00een oncogene ", "3. se poate depista prin hibridizarea genomic\u0103 comparativ\u0103 ", "4. are loc numai prin replicarea adi\u0163ional\u0103 a ADN -ului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Activarea proto \u2013 oncogenelor poate fi declan\u0219at\u0103 de:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. muta\u0163ii punctiforme ", "2. hipermetilarea unor baze azotate ", "3. transloca\u021bii cromozomale ", "4. retrotranspozomi compu\u0219i din ADN " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Leucemia:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. mieloid\u0103 este determin at\u0103 de apari\u0163 ia unei gene hibride: c -abl ", "2. cronic\u0103 lim focitar\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o trisomie ", "3. este rezultatul activ\u0103rii protooncogenelor virale ", "4. cronic\u0103 granulocitar\u0103 e ste cauzat\u0103 de o transloca\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gena G6PD:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. apar\u021bine unui heterozom din grupa G ", "2. apar\u021bine primei regiuni a bra\u021bului p din cromozomul 6 ", "3. se afl\u0103 pe bra\u021bul scurt al cromozomului X ", "4. ocup\u0103 pozi\u021bie terminal\u0103 la nivelul bra\u021bului cromozomial " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Genele implicate \u00een procese cognitive codific\u0103 :", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. factori de transcrip\u021bie ", "2. integrine ", "3. proteine pentru semnalizare ", "4. proteine cu rol \u00een reglarea transla\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Genele comune cromozomilor X \u0219i Y au urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. factor pentru smal\u021b dentar ", "2. factor de cre\u0219tere a p\u0103rului pe ureche ", "3. factor pentru actin\u0103 ", "4. factor testicular " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Neruofibromatoza tip 2:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. este maladie ereditar\u0103 caracterizat\u0103 de apari\u021bia tumorilor benig ne pe nervii acustico \u2013 ", "2. ulterior apar neoplasme generate de nucleii acustici sau vestibulari ", "3. muta\u021bia pare la nivelul cromozomului 22 ", "4. simptome secundare ale maladiei sunt pierderi de auz \u0219i echilibru " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gene proprii genomului VSR , care determi n\u0103 sarcomul Rous sunt implicate \u00een :", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. codificarea proteinelor virale ", "2. codificarea capsidei ", "3. codificarea unei reverstranscriptaze ", "4. apari\u021bia cancerului la puii de g\u0103in\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Cromozomul YAC:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 transfer de gene \u00een celule procariote ", "2. este utilizat pentru tran sferul genei pentru angiotensina II ", "3. con\u021bine to\u021bi factorii necesari procese lor de transcrip \u021bie \u0219i transla\u021bie ", "4. gena de interes se insereaz\u0103 \u00eentre centromer \u0219i telomer e " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Despre recombinarea genetic\u0103 in tracromozomial\u0103 se poate afirma:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentre gene plasate pe cromozomi neomologi \u00een meioza I ", "2. c\u00e2nd locii genelor sunt distan\u021ba\u021bi, se petrec crossing \u2013 overe secundare ", "3. are frecven\u021b\u0103 mare \u00een zona centromerilor celor doi cromozomi ", "4. st\u0103 la baza realiz\u0103rii h\u0103r\u021bilor cromozomiale " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dintre agen\u021bii carcinogeni:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. cromul afecteaz\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii ", "2. benzenul poate determina cancer hepatic ", "3. stron\u021biu 90 induce leucemie ", "4. virusul hepatitei B poate determina activarea oncogenelor \u00een proto \u2013oncogene " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Din punct de vedere func\u021bional, despre p roteinele chaperone putem afirma:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. activea z\u0103 kinazele proteice ", "2. determin\u0103 structuri tridimensionale proteinelor sintetizate ", "3. realizeaz\u0103 transloc\u0103ri \u0219i asambl\u0103ri ale factorilor de transcrip\u021bie ", "4. sunt prezente \u00een toate compartimentele celulare " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Tumorile maligne:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. parcurg un proces mult istadial ", "2. au iner va\u021bie \u0219i vasculariza\u021bie proprie ", "3. se hr\u0103nesc prin angiogenez\u0103 ", "4. sunt uneori sensibile la supresorii tumorali " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Superr\u0103sucirea pozitiv\u0103 a ADN la bacterii , spre deosebire de cea negativ\u0103 :", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. se afl\u0103 la nivelul furcii de replicare ", "2. con\u021bine 800 \u2013 1000 de nucleotide ", "3. reprezint\u0103 r\u0103sucirea dublului helix \u00een jurul propriei axe ", "4. permite compactarea moleculei de ADN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Metoda Sanger:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. necesit\u0103 realizarea denatur\u0103rii ADN ", "2. folose\u0219te enzima ADN polimeraz\u0103 ", "3. are nevoie de primeri ", "4. necesit\u0103 mici cantit\u0103\u021bi de cationi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul g enetic la procariote, \u00een induc\u021bie:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. dac\u0103 concentra\u021bia inductorului scade, operonul este inactivat ", "2. produsul final stopeaz\u0103 calea metabolic\u0103 ", "3. se produce un represor inactiv ", "4. inductorul inactiveaz\u0103 represorul " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Pseudomonas sp.:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. po ate avea plasmide utilizate ca vectori virali ", "2. prezint\u0103 ADN liniar asociat cu histone ", "3. lungimea cromozomului poate atinge maxim 100 \u03bcm ", "4. con\u021bine ARN " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Proinsulina:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. este produs\u0103 de celule alfa pancreatice ", "2. con\u021bine secven\u021ba semnal la nivelul catenei B ", "3. prezint\u0103 trei pun\u021bi diul furice intercatenare ", "4. prezint\u0103 trei catene polipeptidice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Gruparea amino este prezent\u0103 \u00een structura urm\u0103toarelor baze azotate :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. adenina ", "2. citozina ", "3. guanina ", "4. timina " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Sinteza artificial\u0103 a unei gene presupune:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. analiza succesiunii codonilor din proteina codi ficat\u0103 ", "2. cunoa\u0219terea succesiunii nucleotidelor din catena polipeptidic\u0103 ", "3. cunoa\u0219terea succesiunii nucleotidelor din ARN t ", "4. sinteza unui ARN m corespunz\u0103tor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Replicarea ADN \u2013ul implic\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. ADN - topoizomeraza ", "2. exonucleaze ", "3. ligaze ", "4. ARN - helicaza " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Catena codificat oare:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. are structur\u0103 complementar\u0103 catenei matri\u021b\u0103 ", "2. include promotorul, la nivelul c\u0103ruia se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 ADN \u2013 polimeraza ", "3. este transcris\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia furcii de replicare ", "4. serve\u0219te ca matri\u021b\u0103 pentru sinteza ARN m " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Unitatea de transcrip\u021bie:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. la Anabaena \u0219i Esche richia coli con\u021bine informa\u021bia genetic\u0103 a unei singure gene ", "2. la masculul de Planococcus citri este un segment de ADN cu exoni \u0219i introni ", "3. la Mycoplasma capricolum con\u021bine doar secven\u021be informa\u021bionale ", "4. este delimitat\u0103 de secven\u021be repetitive la procariote " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2022" }, { "question": "Dup\u0103 replicarea conservativ\u0103 a unei molecule de ADN cu 2200 nucleotide:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. rezult\u0103 4400 nucleotide nou sintetizate ", "B. aceast\u0103 molecul\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 va r\u0103m\u00e2ne intact\u0103 ", "C. catena directoare va avea 2200 nucleotide ", "D. rezult\u0103 4 catene cu nucleotide amestecate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la modific\u0103rile post -transla\u021bionale este corect:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. formarea primului dipeptid se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba unor factori de elonga\u021bie ", "B. energia necesar\u0103 activ\u0103rii aminoacizilor din citoplasm\u0103 rezult\u0103 din hidroliza ATP -ului ", "C. catena polipeptidic\u0103 poate fi glicozilat\u0103 prin ad i\u021bia unor grup\u0103ri de tip carbohidrat ", "D. pentru inactivarea catenei polipeptidice se pot ad\u0103uga mai multe grup\u0103ri fosfat " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Leg\u0103turile triple de hidrogen:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. asigur\u0103 o mare stabilitate chimic\u0103 moleculei de ADN ", "B. se formeaz\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba enzimei ADN polimeraza ", "C. se stabilesc \u00eentre baze pirimidinice complementare din ADN ", "D. se refac \u00een prezen\u021ba unei concentra\u021bii ridicate de s\u0103ruri " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre cromozomii metafazici umani este corect:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin fibre de cromatin\u0103 dispersat\u0103 cu diametru de 200 nm ", "B. au c\u00e2te dou\u0103 perechi de cromatide cu lungimea de 700 nm fiecare ", "C. cromatina acestora con\u021bine nucleosomi cu diametru de 30 nm ", "D. reprezint\u0103 baza de analiz\u0103 a cariotipului uman normal \u0219i patologic " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Virusurile:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. sunt particule infec\u021bioase, unele av\u00e2nd doar patru gene ", "B. au o structur\u0103 celular\u0103 simpl\u0103, fiind obligatoriu parazite ", "C. au genomul format din subunit\u0103\u021bi numite capsomere ", "D. gripale posed\u0103 sub capsid\u0103 o anvelop\u0103 membranoas\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Selecteaz\u0103 varianta corespunz\u0103toare reglajului genetic transcrip\u021bional:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. la ribozomi are loc selec\u021bia ARN -m matur ce va fi utilizat \u00een sinteza proteic\u0103 ", "B. catenele polipeptidice formate sunt transformate \u00een proteine func\u021bionale ", "C. hormonii steroizi se leag\u0103 de receptori membranari form\u00e2nd complexul H -R ", "D. anumite secven\u021be de ADN de tip enhancer se leag\u0103 de activatorii genelor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reglajul genetic pe termen scurt la nivelul genelor:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 prin mecanisme moleculare irevesibile ", "B. reprezint\u0103 un r\u0103spuns la stimuli din mediul intern sau extern ", "C. asigur\u0103 specializarea structural\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 a eucariotelor ", "D. se finalizeaz\u0103 cu apari\u021bia cromatinei sexuale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Daltonismul ca \u0219i albinismul:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. se transmit cu aceea\u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103 la ambele sexe ", "B. sunt boli X -linkate, transmise de la mam\u0103 la fiu ", "C. afecteaz\u0103 mai frecvent persoanele de sex masculin ", "D. sunt determinate de gene recesive, din cromozomi diferi\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cromozomii acrocentrici din cariotipul uman:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 pe bra\u021bul q ", "B. apar\u021bin grupelor autozomale D, E, F, G ", "C. sunt \u00een num\u0103r de 3 la indivizii cu sindrom Edwards ", "D. prezint\u0103 sateli\u021bi pe bra\u021bul p, cei din perechea a 13 -a " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt manifest\u0103ri ale sindromul Prader -Willi:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. dezvoltarea anormal\u0103 a laringelui ", " B. apetitul alimentar exagerat ", "C. insuficien\u021ba hepatic\u0103 \u0219i splenic\u0103 ", "D. fotosensibilitatea cutanat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de muta\u021bii ale unei gene:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. dominante autozomale - neurofibromatoza ", "B. recesive din cromozomul Y \u2013 sindromul Jacobs ", "C. recesive autozomale \u2013 sindromul oro -digito -facial ", "D. dominante X -linkate \u2013 sindromul Hunter " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Gena pentru factorul IX al coagul\u0103rii:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. Y-linkat\u0103 recesiv\u0103 determin\u0103 prin muta\u021bie hemofilia B ", "B. se afl\u0103 pe un cromozom submetacentric care apar\u021bine grupei B ", "C. poate fi inserat\u0103 \u00een ADN -ul hepatocitelor prin vectorul AAV ", "D. prin muta\u021bie autozomal\u0103 punctiform\u0103, genereaz\u0103 hemofilia A " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Putem \u00eent\u00e2lni doi corpusculi Barr \u00een cazul sindromului:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. Patau ", "B. Down ", "C. Klinefelter ", "D. Marfan " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen privin\u021ba h\u0103r\u021bilor genetice putem afirma c\u0103:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. se realizeaz\u0103 prin tehnici de bandare mBAND, \u00eenc\u0103 din 1920 ", "B. au la baz\u0103 frecven\u021ba recombin\u0103rii anumitor gene \u00een mitoz\u0103 ", "C. cele ale cromozomilor masculini sunt mai lungi ", "D. prima s -a realizat la om \u00een 1970, dar a avut rezolu\u021bie mic\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Antigenii HLA din clasa I:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. ajut\u0103 limfocitele Killer s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 celule infectate ", "B. determin\u0103 respingerea transplantului \u00een 20 de zile ", "C. stimuleaz\u0103 r\u0103spunsul imun intens al donatorului ", "D. activeaz\u0103 limfocitele T \u0219i B din timusul primitorului " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Simptomele reac\u021biilor alergice pot fi:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. astm bron\u0219ic \u0219i wheezing la nivelul nasului ", "B. secre\u021bii nazale v\u00e2scoase \u0219i senza\u021bie de sufocare ", "C. urticarie \u0219i l\u0103crimare la nivelul ochilor ", "D. tuse \u0219i m\u00e2nc\u0103rimi pe buze sau \u00een gur\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin structuri proteice dimerice care recunosc \u201dcarrierul\u201d antigenic ", "B. posed\u0103 polipeptidul delta codificat de o gen\u0103 din cromozomul 1 ", "C. reglatoare helper induc activarea T NK prin intermediul citokinelor ", "D. se divid mitotic \u00een urma stimul\u0103rii rezult\u00e2nd ce lule cu memorie scurt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Anticorpii pot fi:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. produ\u0219i de celule cu nucleu mare \u0219i mult\u0103 citoplasm\u0103 ", "B. prezen\u021bi \u00een s\u00e2nge, limf\u0103, lacrimi, la nivelul \u021besuturilor ", "C. implica\u021bi \u00een producerea de histamin\u0103 \u0219i heparin\u0103 ", "D. markeri de suprafa\u021b \u0103 Ig E pentru limfocitele de tip B " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Interleukina:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. este produs\u0103 \u0219i eliberat\u0103 de c\u0103tre limfocitele B ", "B. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu receptori din membrana limfocitelor T ", "C. induce formarea plasmocitelor \u0219i producerea anticorpilor ", "D. se cupleaz\u0103 cu anticorpi form\u00e2nd complexe plasmatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Proteinele:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. chaperone reprezint\u0103 un grup omogen cu rol \u00een activarea kinazelor ", "B. sunt activate prin glicozilare, fosforilare sau digestie enzimatic\u0103 ", "C. au transcrip\u021bia ini\u021biat\u0103 odat\u0103 cu formarea primei leg\u0103turi peptidice ", "D. pot fi mari, ca \u00een cazul factorului sigma implicat \u00een ini\u021bierea transcrip\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen timpul r\u0103spunsului imun:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. antigenii \u0219i anticorpii se leag\u0103 covalent form\u00e2nd re\u021bele ", "B. antigenii proprii interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu anticorpi str\u0103ini ", "C. celule de tip Hibridoma produc anticorpi monoclonali ", "D. reticulul plasmocitar \u00eempacheteaz\u0103 anticorpii \u00een vezicule de exocitoz\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi afirma\u021bia adev\u0103rat\u0103 referitoare la interferoni:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. pot fi dimeri de proteine identice, caz \u00een care pot distruge unele celule canceroase ", "B. sunt glicoproteine mari, partea polizaharidic\u0103 av\u00e2nd acizi sialici terminali ", "C. pot bloca proliferarea viral\u0103, \u00een cazul interferon ului \u03b2 sintetiza t de limfocitele T ", "D. \u03b1 - interferonul este u tilizat pentru tratarea leucemiei sau osteoporoz ei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Activarea sistemului complement poate fi realizat\u0103 de un tip de Ig care:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. se leag\u0103 de celule \u0219i determin\u0103 eliberarea de histamine ", "B. se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te \u00een saliv\u0103, lacrimi, lapte de s\u00e2n, secre\u021bii mucoase ", "C. se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 cu mare afinitate de celulele tisulare (mastocite) ", "D. este primul anticorp produs \u00een urma imuniz\u0103rii sau infec\u021biei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T efectoare:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. parcurg o diferen\u021biere suplimentar\u0103, dup\u0103 ce p\u0103r\u0103sesc timusul ", "B. reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu un antigen prin receptori specifici de membran\u0103 ", "C. pot amplifica sau suprima r\u0103spunsul altor limfocite T \u0219i B ", "D. au \u00een citoplasm\u0103 un \u201dcarrier\u201d \u0219i o grupare determinant\u0103 de specificitate " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Limfocitele B:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. posed\u0103 ca markeri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 un tip special de Ig M, incomplet exteriorizat\u0103 ", "B. se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een bursa cloacal\u0103, ganglionii limfatici, timus \u0219i m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 ", "C. produc proteine care au structur\u0103 primar\u0103, secundar\u0103, ter\u021biar\u0103 \u0219i cuaternar\u0103 ", "D. pot da na\u0219tere unor celule numite plasmocite, care s unt limfocite B cu memorie " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Urm\u0103toarea afirma\u021bie este adev\u0103rat\u0103:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. proteina major\u0103 de histocompatibilitate se leag\u0103 de antigen la nivelul aparatului Golgi ", "B. antigenele din clasa a II -a ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca receptori, facilit\u00e2nd ac\u021biunea limfocitelor T citotoxice ", "C. compatibilitatea donor -receptor pentru HLA A, B \u0219i C se testeaz\u0103 cu seruri imune anti -HLA I ", "D. antigenii HLA se afl\u0103 \u00een citoplasma celulelor, av\u00e2nd rol \u00een acceptul sau respingerea grefelor " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la alergii este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. imunoglobulina E de pe suprafa\u021ba monocitelor vine \u00een contact cu un alergen ", "B. alergenii determin\u0103 eliberarea de histamin\u0103, heparin\u0103 \u0219i substan\u021be vasoconstrictoare ", "C. anticorpii de tip imunoglobulin\u0103 E sunt implica\u021bi direct \u00een toate reac\u021biile alergice ", "D. histami na determin\u0103 fisuri \u00een celule, dar f\u0103r\u0103 stimularea nocireceptorilor " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "ARN \u2013 interferent:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. are rol \u00een activarea unor gene cu risc d\u0103un\u0103tor ", "B. con\u021bine o secven\u021b\u0103 identic\u0103 cu un ARN mesager nociv ", "C. este introdus \u00een celulele mutante cu ajutorul lizozomilor ", "D. intercepteaz\u0103 AR Nm nociv pe suprafa\u021ba unui complex denumit RISC " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Func\u021bionarea sistemului complement cuprinde \u0219i urm\u0103torul proces:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. activarea primei proteine exclusiv de c\u0103tre un complex antigen \u2013 anticorp ", "B. formarea unui cilindru cu ajutorul pr oteinelor C 3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 \u0219i C 9 ", "C. perforarea membranei intrusului \u0219i scurgerea citoplasmei celulei gazd\u0103 ", "D. formarea complexelor C2a \u0219i C2b \u00een calea clasic\u0103 de func\u021bionare a complementului " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la determinismul genetic al receptorilor de antigen este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. limfocitele T sunt stimulate numai de antigeni prelucra\u021bi de macrofage ", "B. polipeptidele \u03b1 sunt determinate de gene situate pe cromozomul 1 ", "C. gena din cromozomul 6 prezint\u0103 frecvente rearanj\u0103ri \u0219i o accentuat\u0103 stabilitate ", "D. cromozomul 1 con\u021bine gena pentru sinteza catenei gamma a receptorilor de antigeni " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Privind cercet\u0103rile asupra acizilor nucleici este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 \u00een anul:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. 1928 F. Griffith realizeaz\u0103 primele experien\u021be de transformare genetic\u0103 ", "2. 1937 F. Ch. Bawden decoper\u0103 c\u0103 VMT con\u021bine ca genom acid ribonucleic ", "3. 1952 se demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 ADN este materialul genetic al bacteriofagilor ", "4. 1957 H. Fraenkel \u2013 Conrat \u0219i B. Singer demonstreaz\u0103 rolul ARN din VMT " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "ARN -ul viral es te:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. liniar la VMT \u0219i circular la virusul simian SV40 ", "2. materialul genetic al virusului stomatitei veziculare ", "3. replicat prin reverstranscrip\u021bie la virusul gripal ", "4. protejat de un bistrat lipidic la virusul HIV " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "ARN -ul ribozomal este:", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. combinat cu 30 proteine \u00een subunitatea mare a ribozomilor ", "2. sintetizat \u00een totalitate la nivelul nucleolilor ", "3. component al peptidil -transferazei, care activeaz\u0103 aminoacizii ", "4. format din por\u021biuni monocatenare ce alterneaz\u0103 cu por\u021biuni bicatenare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen decursul procesului de transcrip\u021bie la eucariote:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. primul factor de transcrip\u021bie care se leag\u0103 de promotor este TFIID ", "2. ADN \u2013 polimeraza II este mai \u00eent\u00e2i fosforilat\u0103 cu ajutorul ATP -ului ", "3. gena activat\u0103 este copiat\u0103 integral, rezult\u00e2nd un ARN m precursor ", "4. ata\u0219area unei grup\u0103ri metil la bazele azotate faciliteaz\u0103 transcrip\u021bia " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plasmidele:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sunt mici molecule de ADN, circulare sau lineare ", "2. pot fi pierdute sau redob\u00e2ndite de celula bacterian\u0103 ", "3. sunt prezente la procariote, dar \u0219i la unel e eucariote ", "4. pot sintetiza bacteriocine, agresive pentru propriul grup " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen procesul de transla\u021bie:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. formarea complexului de ini\u021biere necesit\u0103 energie din ATP ", "2. activarea aminoacizilor are loc \u00een nucleu, \u00een prezen\u021b\u0103 de GTP ", "3. transferul ARNt ini\u021biator are loc din locusul P \u00een locusul A ", "4. desprinderea catenei polipeptidice se produce \u00een locusul Ex " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Reac\u0163ia de polimerizare \u00een lan\u0163 necesit\u0103:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. oligonucleotide scurte de aproximativ 20 perechi de nucleotide ", "2. enzima ADN - polimeraz\u0103 extras\u0103 de la bacteria Thermus aquaticus ", "3. cationi bivalen\u0163i de natriu \u015fi monovalen\u0163i de magneziu sau calciu ", "4. doi primeri \u2013 fragmente de ini\u0163iere \u00een sinteza ADN " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Transcriptomul:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 totalitatea proteinelor codificate de un genom ", "2. este format numai din molecule de ARNm implicate \u00een sinteza de proteine ", "3. reprezint\u0103 secven\u0163e de ADN matri\u0163\u0103 ce vor fi transcrise \u00een ARN -m ", "4. cuprinde molecule de ARNm prezente \u00eentr -un singur tip de celul\u0103 sau \u021besut " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Spiralizarea ADN -ului este consecin\u021ba:", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. orient\u0103rii opuse a pentozelor din cele dou\u0103 catene ", "2. prezen\u021bei a 10 perechi de baze \u00eentr -un tur complet ", "3. leg\u0103rii excentrice a dezoxiribozei fa\u021b\u0103 de baza azotat\u0103 ", "4. interac\u021biunii slabe dintre cele dou\u0103 catene ale sale " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Cromozomul X:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine gena X -IST cu m\u0103rimea de 550 kb ", "2. poate fi inactivat de o molecul\u0103 de ARN de 17 kb ", "3. are dimensiunea asem\u0103toare cromozomilor 13 \u2013 15 ", "4. mo\u0219tenit de o fat\u0103 de la mama ei are gene active " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre sinteza \ud835\udf70-amilazei la \u0219oarece se poate spune c\u0103:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. \u03b1-amilaza salivar\u0103 este sintetizat\u0103 pe baza a cinci codoni ", "2. tripleta AUG ini\u021biaz\u0103 transla\u021bia din codonul L sau S ", "3. ficatul produce mai mult\u0103 \u03b1 -amilaz\u0103 dec\u00e2t glandele salivare ", "4. ARNm pentru \u03b1 -amilaza salivar\u0103 are secven\u021ba S -E2-E3-E4 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Despre bacteriofagi se spune c\u0103 pot avea:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. o anvelop\u0103 cu aspect membranos care acoper\u0103 capsida ", "2. gene pentru 868 de aminoacizi \u00een cazul fagului phiX174 ", "3. \u00een medie 50 de gene \u00een cromozomul viral, dar maxim 250 ", "4. un corp, o coad\u0103 \u0219i \u0219ase fibre cu rol de adeziune " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plasmidul:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 1% din cromozomul bacterian principal ", "2. poate include ADN exogen de la orga nisme eucariote ", "3. pBR322 con\u021bine gena pentru rezisten\u021ba la tetraciclin\u0103 ", "4. poate fi reprezentat de factorul colicinogenic (col) " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul genetic al operonului izoleucinei este posibil ca:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. izoleucina s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu o protein\u0103 alosteric\u0103 reglatoare ", "2. represorul s\u0103 fie activat prin cuplarea cu D -izoleucina ", "3. corepresorul s\u0103 ini\u021bieze sistarea propriei sinteze ", "4. produsul catabolic s\u0103 inactiveze prima enzim\u0103 a c\u0103ii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "ARN -ul mesager de tip procariot este:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. mai scurt dec\u00e2t cel premesager ", "2. sintetizat la nivelul nucle ului ", "3. complementar ADN -ului fagului MS2 ", "4. scindat \u00eenaintea procesului de traducere " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt determinate de muta\u0163ii ale unei gene:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. dominante X -linkate \u2013 sindromul Rett ", "2. recesive autozomale \u2013 boala Tay - Sachs ", "3. dominante autozomale \u2013 choreea Huntington ", "4. recesive din cromozomul Y \u2013 sindromul Jacobs " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt sindroame determinate de abera\u021bii heterozomale:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. Jacobs \u0219i Edwards ", "2. Klinefelter \u0219i Marfan ", "3. Tripl o X \u0219i Prader Willi ", "4. Jacobs \u0219i Turner " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Corpuscul ul Barr:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. reprezint\u0103 suportul morfologic al fenomenului compens\u0103rii de doz\u0103 ", "2. prezen\u021ba l ui se asociaz\u0103 cu dispunerea de tip masculin a \u021besutului adipos ", "3. reprezint\u0103 un cromozom X inactivat \u00een timpul dezvolt\u0103rii embrionare ", "4. existen\u021ba l ui determin\u0103 diferen\u021be foarte mari \u00eentre cele do u\u0103 sexe " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Referitor la g rupa C de cromozomi:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. cuprinde cromozomi cu o m\u0103rime medie de 5,15 \u00b5m ", "2. include un autozom cu gena G6PD \u00een pozi\u021bia Xq28 ", "3. perechile 6,7,8 \u0219i 11 con\u021bin cromozomi metacentrici ", "4. inversia din perechea 7 se asociaz\u0103 tumorii testicular e " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Determinismul genetic al culorii pielii:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. este condi\u021bionat de o serie de gene alele cu exprimare cumulativ\u0103 ", "2. poate genera diferite variante genotipice precum mulatri deschi\u0219i ", "3. produce apari\u021bia unor caractere poligenice de tip meristic ", "4. poate fi afectat de existen\u021ba unei muta\u021bii autozomale recesive " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Asociaz\u0103 corect tipul de cancer cu modific\u0103rile citogenetice produse:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. leiomiom uterin \u2013 dele\u021bie 7q, trisomie 12 ", "2. melanom malign \u2013 se dezvolt\u0103 \u0219i \u00een esofag ", "3. cancer pulmonar SCLC \u2013 dele\u021bie 3p,9p,17p ", "4. carcinom cervical \u2013 tetraploidie, trisomie 9 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Telomerii:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. sunt secven\u021be care migreaz\u0103 \u00een molecula de ADN ", "2. pierderea lor favorizeaz\u0103 producerea transloca\u021biilor ", "3. sunt secven\u021be proteice la nivelul centromerului ", "4. protejeaz\u0103 cromozomii \u00eempotriva atacurilor enzimatice " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Asociaz\u0103 corect agentul teratogen chimic cu efectul indus:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. radia\u021bii X - microcefalie, retard ", "2. acid valproic - malforma\u021bii SNC ", "3. rubeol\u0103 - cataract\u0103, surditate ", "4. warfarin - hipoplazie nazal\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Anumite tipuri de limfocite T:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. pot elimina celulele tumorale ", "2. au markeri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 HLA -C, din clasa II ", "3. sunt capabile s\u0103 produc\u0103 interleukin\u0103 ", "4. devin plasmocite care produc anticorpi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina care poate str\u0103bate placenta:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. asigur\u0103 imunitatea celular\u0103 \u00een primele luni de via\u021b\u0103 ", "2. prezint\u0103 afinitate mare pentru alergeni ", "3. a fost denumit\u0103 \"anticorp timpuriu\" ", "4. con\u021bine pun\u021bi disulfidice \u00eentre lan\u021burile grele " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Con\u021bin gene care codific\u0103 antigenii de histocompatibilitate cromozomii :", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. din perechea a 9 a ", "2. cu dou\u0103 regiuni pe bra\u021bul p ", "3. care fac parte din grupa E ", "4. din perechea a 6 a " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Mastocitele sunt celule care:", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. au pe suprafa\u021ba lor imunoglobulina M ", "2. sunt prezente \u00een num\u0103r mare la nivelul epiteliilor ", "3. elibereaz\u0103 citokine la contactul cu alergenii ", "4. con\u021bin \u00een citoplasm\u0103 granule bogate \u00een histamin\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Proteinele serice ale complementului:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. sunt activate de antigeni prelucra\u021bi ", "2. circul\u0103 \u00een plasma sangvin\u0103 sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103 ", "3. \u00een num\u0103r de 4, formeaz\u0103 un cilindru ", "4. perforeaz\u0103 membrana unor celule str\u0103ine " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Sunt boli autoimune:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. artrita reumatoid\u0103 \u0219i talasemia ", "2. scleroza multipl\u0103 \u0219i boala Parkinson ", "3. anemia falciform\u0103 \u0219i scleroderma ", "4. sclerode rma \u0219i scleroz\u0103 multipl\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "\u00cen cazul r\u0103spunsului imun se pot produce:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. citokine ", "2. imunoglobuline ", "3. interleukine ", "4. epitopi " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2023" }, { "question": "Plasmidele:", "question_number": "1", "options": [ "A. pot exista \u00een organitele eucariotelor ", "B. includ factorul de sex numit YAC ", "C. reprezint\u0103 peste 3% din totalul ADN bacterian ", "D. odat\u0103 dob\u00e2ndite, nu se pierd din celul\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ARN mesager:", "question_number": "2", "options": [ "A. constituie materialul genetic al ribovirusurilor ", "B. reprezint\u0103 15% din ARN -ul celular ", "C. sinteza lui este ini\u021biat\u0103 prin activarea ARN -polimerazei ", "D. este liniar cu por\u021biuni bicatenare " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN extranuclear:", "question_number": "3", "options": [ "A. se replic\u0103 semiconservativ \u00een faza S a ciclului celular ", "B. este localizat \u00een mitocondrii, cloroplaste \u0219i ribozomi ", "C. se transmite , \u00een general , prin citoplasma spermatozoidului ", "D. prezint\u0103 transcrip\u021bie continu\u0103 a mai multor gene " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dezoxiribonucleotidele se deosebesc de didezoxiribonucleotide prin:", "question_number": "4", "options": [ "A. num\u0103rul atomilor de H din pentoz\u0103 ", "B. pirimidinele con\u021binute ", "C. structura pentozelor din nucleotide ", "D. tipul purinelor con\u021binute " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Pentru ini\u021bierea transla\u021biei la eucariote:", "question_number": "5", "options": [ "A. ARNt transfer\u0103 aminoacizii din nucleu \u00een citoplasm\u0103, la ribozomi ", "B. aminoacil -sintetazele catalizeaz\u0103 legarea aminoacizilor de ARNr ", "C. sunt necesare ATP, GTP, factori de ini\u021biere, subunit\u0103\u021bi ribozomale 40S \u0219i 60S ", "D. se realizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi peptidice catalizate de peptidil -transferaze " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Dac\u0103 \u00eentr -o molecul\u0103 de ADN bicatenar 26% dintre nucleotide con\u021bin citozin\u0103, adenina va fi prezent\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de:", "question_number": "6", "options": [ "A. 24% ", "B. 26% ", "C. 48% ", "D. 52% " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Acidul dezoxiribonucleic:", "question_number": "7", "options": [ "A. are structur\u0103 bicatenar\u0103 la geminivirusuri ", "B. con\u021bine 5 - metil - citozin\u0103 la Escherichia coli ", "C. prezint\u0103 11 perechi de baze/ tur de helix \u00een cazul tipului A ", "D. a fost identificat \u00een anul 1936 , de c\u0103tre Wendell M. Stanley " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen reglajul post -transla\u021bional al catenelor polipeptidice:", "question_number": "8", "options": [ "A. fosforilarea este realizat\u0103 de peptidaze specifice ", "B. formarea pun\u021bilor disulfurice ale insulinei este exclusiv intracatenar\u0103 ", "C. glicozilarea reprezint\u0103 digerarea proteinei sintetizate ", "D. degradarea proteinelor depinde de ac\u021biunea proteosomilor " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ARN -ul viral este:", "question_number": "9", "options": [ "A. \u00eenvelit de un bistrat lipidic \u00een cazul retrovirusului HIV ", "B. monocatenar la bacteriofagul phi X 174 \u0219i virusul rabic ", "C. protejat de o capsid\u0103 situat\u0103 peste o anvelop\u0103 la virusul gripal ", "D. liniar la VMT \u0219i circular la virusul mozaicului conopidei " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Microsateli\u021bii sunt:", "question_number": "10", "options": [ "A. tetranucleotide de tipul (CTTCA)n ", "B. utiliza\u021bi ca markeri genetici ", "C. secven\u021be de ARN de lungimi variabile ", "D. detectabili prin tehnica RAL " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Privind reglajul genetic pe termen lung este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "11", "options": [ "A. la copepode se pot elimina segmente eucromatice din to\u021bi cromozomi i ", "B. \u00een regiunea Xq13 se afl\u0103 gena X - IST cu o greutate molecular\u0103 de 17 kb ", "C. efectul represiv al heterocromatinei a fost demonstrat la drojdia -de-bere ", "D. hormonii steroizi ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 direct asupra genelor din nucleul celulelor \u021bint\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN -ul procariot:", "question_number": "12", "options": [ "A. are mai multe copii ale genelor pentru sinteza de ARN t ", "B. este asociat cu proteine non histonice la Escherichia coli ", "C. se replic\u0103 de 100 de ori mai repede dec\u00e2t ADN -ul eucariot ", "D. este spiralizat de enzima ADN -helicaza, dup\u0103 replica\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sindromul Rett , spre deosebire de sindromul Hunter:", "question_number": "13", "options": [ "A. este determinat de muta\u021bia unei gene recesive ", "B. se transmite prin intermediul autozomilor ", "C. afecteaz\u0103 func\u021biile sistemului nervos ", "D. este o boal\u0103 X -linkat dominant\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul Philadelphia:", "question_number": "14", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 boala canceroas\u0103 - leucemia cronic\u0103 limfocitar\u0103 ", "B. are o gen\u0103 din regiunea q34 a unui cromozom submetacentric ", "C. \u00een urma unei transloca\u021bii con\u021bine o gen\u0103 hibrid\u0103 pe bra\u021bul p ", "D. este rezultatul unei dele\u021bii q22 a unui cromozom metacentric " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la contaminarea radioactiv\u0103 a mediului:", "question_number": "15", "options": [ "A. cancerul tiroidian poate fi determinat de Iodul 161 ", "B. izotopul stron\u021biu 90 poate iradia m\u0103duva ro\u0219ie a oaselor late ", "C. freonul acumulat \u00een atmosfer\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 stratul de ozon ", "D. razele alfa pot genera dimeri intercatenari de tip C -C " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "O femeie cu genotipul XdhX dac\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u0219te cu un b\u0103rbat s\u0103n\u0103tos poate avea urm\u0103toarele tipuri de copii:", "question_number": "16", "options": [ "A. fete cu daltonism \u0219i b\u0103ie\u021bi cu hemofilie ", "B. b\u0103ie\u021bi cu daltonism \u0219i hemofilie ", "C. fete cu hemofilie \u0219i b\u0103ie\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i ", "D. b\u0103ie\u021bi \u0219i fete cu daltonism " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Perechea a 9 a de cromozomi:", "question_number": "17", "options": [ "A. prezint\u0103 o constric\u021bie secundar\u0103 \u00een regiunea distal\u0103 a bra\u021bului q ", "B. con\u021bine gena BRKA2 responsabil\u0103 de apari\u021bia cancerului mamar ", "C. este afectat\u0103 de o dele\u021bie a bra\u021bului p \u00een cazul melanomului ", "D. apar\u021bine aceleia\u0219i grupe cu cromozomii asocia\u021bi sindromului Patau " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege\u021bi varianta corect\u0103 referitoare la determinismul genetic al formei b\u0103rbiei \u0219i al tipului de nas:", "question_number": "18", "options": [ "A. retrognat\u0103; roman \u2013 bb; Cc ", "B. proeminent\u0103; c\u00e2rn \u2013 Bb; CC ", "C. dreapt\u0103; grec - Bb; Cc ", "D. te\u0219it\u0103; roman \u2013 BB; CC " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Clasa I de antigeni HLA:", "question_number": "19", "options": [ "A. determin\u0103 respingerea lent\u0103 a unui transplant ", "B. se testeaz\u0103 prin reac\u0163ia de amestec limfocitar ", "C. sunt exprima\u0163i numai pe celulele sistemului imun ", "D. activeaz\u0103 limfocitele T \u015fi B, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu HLA II " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen structura unui anticorp, exist\u0103 pun\u0163i disulfidice duble \u00eentre:", "question_number": "20", "options": [ "A. lan\u0163urile u\u015foare ", "B. lan\u0163urile grele ", "C. regiunile variabile ", "D. lan\u0163urile grele \u015fi u\u015foare " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Imunoglobulina care poate str\u0103bate placenta la om este:", "question_number": "21", "options": [ "A. Ig A ", "B. Ig M ", "C. Ig G ", "D. Ig E " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigeni:", "question_number": "22", "options": [ "A. se g\u0103sesc numai pe limfocitele B ", "B. recunosc fragmente legate de MHC ", "C. au structur\u0103 tetrameric\u0103 ", "D. genele lor sunt \u00een cromozomii 2,7,14 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Antigenul HLA -DR:", "question_number": "23", "options": [ "A. apar\u0163ine clasei III de antigeni ", "B. este exprimat pe macrofage ", "C. gena codificatoare se afl\u0103 pe cromozomul 9 ", "D. determin\u0103 respingerea rapid\u0103 a transplantului " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Tumorile maligne:", "question_number": "24", "options": [ "A. \u00een stadiul I invadeaz\u0103 sistemul limfatic ", "B. sunt lipsite de vase sangvine \u015fi limfatice ", "C. sunt sensibile la supresori tumorali ", "D. au propriile modalit\u0103\u0163i de hr\u0103nire " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Limfocitele T:", "question_number": "25", "options": [ "A. con\u021bin structuri proteice dimerice care recunosc \u201dcarrierul\u201d antigenic ", "B. posed\u0103 polipeptidul delta codificat de o gen\u0103 din cromozomul 1 ", "C. reglatoare helper induc activarea T NK prin intermediul citokinelor ", "D. se divid mitotic \u00een urma stimul\u0103rii rezult\u00e2nd celule cu memorie scurt\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen acela\u0219i timp cu replica\u021bia are loc \u0219i sinteza:", "question_number": "26", "options": [ "A. ARN -ului mesager ", "B. proteinelor histone ", "C. ARN -ului ribozomal ", "D. ARN -ului de transfer " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Catenele de tip heavy ale imunoglobulinelor:", "question_number": "27", "options": [ "A. sunt sintetizate pe baza unei gene ancestrale care a suferit duplica\u021bii ", "B. ca \u0219i cele de tip light, au \u00een structur\u0103 patru lan\u021buri polipeptidice ", "C. apar\u021bin moleculelor antigenice cu structur\u0103 tridimensional\u0103 ", "D. con\u021bin regiuni care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca situsuri de legare a anticorpilor " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "R\u0103spunsul imun fa\u021b\u0103 de antigenii proprii:", "question_number": "28", "options": [ "A. este determinat exclusiv de muta\u021bii gametice ", "B. implic\u0103 un antigen anormal care distruge anticorpii str\u0103ini ", "C. apare \u0219i \u00een unele forme de disfunc\u021bii ale glandei tiroide ", "D. se bazeaz\u0103 doar pe activitatea limfocitelor T " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt alergeni de contact:", "question_number": "29", "options": [ "A. polenul ", "B. vaporii de solven\u021bi ", "C. nichelul ", "D. sporii de mucegai " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cercet\u0103rile efectuate de Andrew Fire \u0219i Craig Mello se refer\u0103 la:", "question_number": "30", "options": [ "A. rolul unui tip nou de ARN, denumit ARN - indiferent ", "B. introducerea lizozomilor \u00een unele celule mutante ", "C. interceptarea ARN -i de c\u0103tre un ARN -m nociv ", "D. eliminarea posibilit\u0103\u021bii sintezei unei proteine toxice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "single-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea/asocierile corecte:", "question_number": "31", "options": [ "1. W. Sutton \u2013 observarea cromozomilor omologi \u00een celulele de l\u0103custe ", "2. J.Hammerling \u2013 demonstrarea rolului nucleului folosind alge pluricelulare ", "3. F.Miescher \u2013 identificarea de substan\u021be similare nucleinei la somon ", "4. F.C.Bawden \u2013 descoperirea acidului dezoxiribonucleic \u00een structura VMT " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Modelul dublului helix al diferitelor tipuri de ADN se cracterizeaz\u0103 prin:", "question_number": "32", "options": [ "1. pasul elicei de 3,4 \u00c5 - la tipul B ", "2. rota\u021bii spre dreapta, de tip levogir - la tipul A ", "3. form\u0103 compact\u0103, dou\u0103 scobituri - la tipul Z ", "4. diametrul helixului de 23 \u00c5 - la tipul A " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Despre codoni este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 :", "question_number": "33", "options": [ "1. dezoxiribonucleotidele complementare codonilor stop sunt: ATT, ACT, ATC ", "2. codonii ambigui se g\u0103sesc doar la \u00eenceputul unei molecule de ARN -m ", "3. codul genetic degenerat poate fi exemplificat \u00een cazul codific\u0103rii fenil -alaninei ", "4. colinearitatea presupune o succesiune de tip ARNm\u2192proteine\u2192aminoacizi " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Post -transla\u021bional:", "question_number": "34", "options": [ "1. proteina devine tridimensional\u0103 prin formarea structurii primare ", "2. rezult\u0103 o caten\u0103 polipeptidic\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 structura primar\u0103 a ADN ", "3. proteina poate fi digerat\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea unor enzime de tip ligaze ", "4. catena polipeptidic\u0103 se poate activa prin fosforilare sau glicozilare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Fragmentele Okazaki:", "question_number": "35", "options": [ "1. sunt localizate pe catena \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 ( lagging ) a ARN -m ", "2. apar doar \u00een replicarea ADN -ului la eucariote ", "3. sunt \u00eenl\u0103turate cu ajutorul enzimei ADN -polimeraza III ", "4. se unesc \u00eenainte de r\u0103sucirea catenei " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Asociaz\u0103 corect enzima cu etapa sintezei proteice la eucariote:", "question_number": "36", "options": [ "1. guanozin trifosfat - ini\u021bierea procesului de transla\u021bie ", "2. revers transcriptaza - sinteza ARN prin transcrip\u021bie invers\u0103 ", "3. exonucleaza -translocarea \u0219i formarea leg\u0103turii peptidice ", "4. peptidil transferaza - alungirea catenei polipeptidice " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul X:", "question_number": "37", "options": [ "1. con\u021bine gena X -IST cu m\u0103rimea de 550 kb ", "2. o parte din el poate fi inactivat \u0103 de un ARN de 17 kb ", "3. are dimensiunea asem\u0103toare cromozomilor 13 \u2013 15 ", "4. are gene implicate \u00een metabolismul general " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Electroforeza ADN, spre deosebire de PCR, implic\u0103:", "question_number": "38", "options": [ "1. vizualizarea moleculelor ", "2. denaturarea reversibil\u0103 a ADN -ului ", "3. separarea moleculelor \u00een gel ", "4. ata\u015farea primerilor \u00een secven\u0163a original\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Plasmidele :", "question_number": "39", "options": [ "1. con\u0163in un num\u0103r redus de gene ", "2. pot avea rol \u00een recombinarea genetic\u0103 ", "3. pot avea molecule circulare de ADN bicatenar ", "4. pot de\u0163ine gene de rezisten\u0163\u0103 la antibiotice Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X II-a " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN viral monocatenar se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte la:", "question_number": "40", "options": [ "1. bacteriofagul \u00f8X174 ", "2. virusul hepatitei B ", "3. parvovirus ", "4. bacteriofagul T 4 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Enhancerii sunt:", "question_number": "41", "options": [ "1. segmente de ADN ", "2. proteine activatoare ", "3. intensificatorii procesului de transcrip\u0163ie ", "4. plasa\u021bi \u00een gena activat\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Genomul mitocondrial are gene transcrise \u00een:", "question_number": "42", "options": [ "1. ARNr ", "2. ARNt ", "3. ARNm ", "4. ARNsn " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Modific\u0103ri ale comportamentului se observ\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele anomalii:", "question_number": "43", "options": [ "1. sindromul Prader - Willi \u0219i porfirie variegat\u0103 ", "2. fenilcetonuria \u0219i sindromul oro - digito - facial ", "3. neurofibromatoza \u0219i acondroplazia ", "4. sindromul triplo X \u0219i sindromul Williams " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Alege asocierea corect\u0103:", "question_number": "44", "options": [ "1. neuroblastom \u2013 transloca\u021bie ", "2. meningiom \u2013 izocromozom ", "3. sarcom Ewing - monosomie ", "4. retinoblastom \u2013 dele\u021bie " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Indivizii cu sindrom Klinefelter \u0219i cei cu sindrom Jacobs pot avea \u00een comun:", "question_number": "45", "options": [ "1. cromozomi Y suplimentari ", "2. ginecomastie \u0219i criptorhidie ", "3. lipsa corpusculului Barr \u00een toate celulele ", "4. boli asociate X -linkate sau Y -linkate " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cromozomul X:", "question_number": "46", "options": [ "1. are gene implicate \u00een determinarea taliei ", "2. con\u021bine gene implicate \u00een propria sa inactivare ", "3. cel de origine patern\u0103 are o predispozi\u021bie de inactivare ", "4. este inactivat par\u021bial de X -IST ARN " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "\u00cen cariotipul uman normal:", "question_number": "47", "options": [ "1. grupa C con\u0163ine cromozomi acrocentrici ", "2. grupa A include 3 perechi de cromozomi ", "3. grupa G con\u0163ine 3 cromozomi la femei ", "4. grupele B \u0219i F sunt printre cele mai mici numeric " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt etape ale carcinogenezei:", "question_number": "48", "options": [ "1. ini\u0163ierea ", "2. apoptoza ", "3. metastaza ", "4. necroza Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X II-a " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "ADN mt confer\u0103 urm\u0103toarele avantaje \u00een studiile de paleogenetic\u0103:", "question_number": "49", "options": [ "1. num\u0103r mai mare de molecule \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 comparativ cu ADN -ul nuclear ", "2. acumularea de muta\u021bii cu o rat\u0103 constant\u0103 (o muta\u021bie/3800 de ani) ", "3. lipsa contamin\u0103rii de c\u0103tre ADN -ul nuclear \u00een probele analizate ", "4. variabilitate indus\u0103 prin muta\u021bii \u0219i transmiterea patern\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Sunt adev\u0103rate urm\u0103toarele asocieri privind bolile heterozomale:", "question_number": "50", "options": [ "1. boala Marfan - letal\u0103 \u00een stare homozigot\u0103 ", "2. hipofosfatazemie - deform\u0103ri osoase ", "3. fibroza chistic\u0103 - sterilitate masculin\u0103 ", "4. sindrom Klinefelter - mu\u0219chi slab dezvolta\u021bi " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Muta\u021biile la nivelul antioncogenelor:", "question_number": "51", "options": [ "1. duc la apari\u021bia cancerelor sporadice ", "2. stabilizeaz\u0103 genomul uman ", "3. induc proliferarea clonal\u0103 necontrolat\u0103 ", "4. stimuleaz\u0103 genele supresoare ale tumorii " ], "right_answer": "B", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Cariotipul unei persoane cu sindrom Klinefelter prezint\u0103:", "question_number": "52", "options": [ "1. 4 cromozomi metacentrici \u00een grupa B ", "2. cromozomi sexuali omologi \u00een grupa G ", "3. 4 cromozomi submetacentrici \u00een grupa A ", "4. gena AMELY \u00een to\u021bi heterozomii " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Referitor la determinismul genetic al memoriei este adev\u0103rat c\u0103:", "question_number": "53", "options": [ "1. gena cAMP consolideaz\u0103 memoria la gasteropode ", "2. gena Kibra se exprim\u0103 la nivelul unei p\u0103r\u021bi a paleocortexului ", "3. \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare se schimb\u0103 raportul unor nucleotide \u00een ARN m din neuroni ", "4. gena dCREB2 faciliteaz\u0103 memoria de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 la unele insecte " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Transloca\u021biile care implic\u0103 perechea a 12 -a de cromozomi pot produce:", "question_number": "54", "options": [ "1. tumor\u0103 testicular\u0103 ", "2. leucemia cronic\u0103 limfocitar\u0103 ", "3. retinoblastom ", "4. liposarcom mixoid " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Toate tipurile de interferon:", "question_number": "55", "options": [ "1. sunt codificate de gene ale cromozomului 6 ", "2. au structur\u0103 chimic\u0103 de lipoproteine ", "3. sunt utilizate \u00een tratamentul osteoporozei ", "4. au ac\u021biune imunomodulatoare " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Histamina:", "question_number": "56", "options": [ "1. este o protein\u0103 transmembranar\u0103 ", "2. stimuleaz\u0103 \u0219i nocireceptorii cutana\u021bi ", "3. se cupleaz\u0103 specific cu imunoglobulina E ", "4. interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu receptorii specifici vasculari " ], "right_answer": "C", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Receptorii pentru antigeni prezen\u021bi la nivelul limfocitelor T :", "question_number": "57", "options": [ "1. recunosc fragmentele \"carrier\" antigenice ", "2. au structuri dimerice \u0219i sunt de 6 tipuri ", "3. sunt dipeptidele: alfa, beta, gamma, delta ", "4. sunt codifica\u021bi de gene autozomale Ministerul Educa\u0163iei Centrul Na\u0163ional de Politici \u015fi Evaluare \u00een Educa\u0163ie Olimpiada de biologie \u2013 clasa a X II-a " ], "right_answer": "D", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Variabilitatea genelor pentru sinteza anticorpilor se datoreaz\u0103:", "question_number": "58", "options": [ "1. rearanj \u0103rii genelor ", "2. recombin\u0103rii genetice ", "3. reglajului posttranscrip\u021bional ", "4. muta\u021biilor punctiforme " ], "right_answer": "E", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Scleroza multipl\u0103:", "question_number": "59", "options": [ "1. este mai frecvent\u0103 \u00een anumite familii ", "2. se manifest\u0103 \u0219i prin tulbur\u0103ri nervoase ", "3. poate beneficia de tratament cu interferon \u03b2 ", "4. este o boal\u0103 X -linkat\u0103 dominant\u0103 " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" }, { "question": "Interleukinele:", "question_number": "60", "options": [ "1. stimuleaz\u0103 limfocitele B ", "2. sunt produse de limfocitele Th ", "3. faciliteaz\u0103 formarea plasmocitelor ", "4. activeaz\u0103 direct sistemul complement " ], "right_answer": "A", "type": "multiple-choice", "grade": "XII", "stage": "judeteana", "task": "teoretic", "year": "2024" } ]