test.csv

Expert,Simple
Anal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the anus. ,Anal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the part of the body where bowel movement come out (anus). 
Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. ,Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. 
"To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?","To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?"
Normal structure and function of the anus,Normal structure and function of the anus
The anus is the opening at the lower end of the intestines. ,The anus is the opening where bowel movements come out of your body. 
It's where the end of the intestines connect to the outside of the body. ,It's where the end of the intestines connect to the outside of the body. 
"As food is digested, it passes from the stomach to the small intestine. ","As food is broken down in your body, it passes from the stomach to the section of the gut called the small intestine. "
It then moves from the small intestine into the main part of the large intestine (called the colon ). ,It then moves from the small intestine into the main part of the gut or large intestine called the colon. 
The colon absorbs water and salt from the digested food. ,The colon absorbs water and salt from the food that is broken down. 
The waste matter that's left after going through the colon is known as feces or stool . ,The material that is left after going through the colon is what makes up your bowel movement (BM) or stool . 
"Stool is stored in the last part of the large intestine, called the rectum . ","Stool is stored in the last part of the large intestine, called the rectum. "
"From there, stool is passed out of the body through the anus as a bowel movement. ","From there, stool comes out of the body through the hole in your bottom (your anus) and this is called a bowel movement. "
Gastrointestinal system (GI system) Structures of the anus The anus is connected to the rectum by the anal canal . ,"The stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum and anus are all part of your gastrointestinal system (GI system). Parts of your anus: Your anus is attached to your rectum by the anal canal which is like a tube. "
The anal canal has two ring-shaped muscles (called sphincter muscles ) that keep the anus closed and prevent stool from leaking out. ,Your anal canal has two round-shaped muscles that keep your anus closed and keep stool from spilling out. 
The anal canal is about 1-1/2 to 2 inches (about 3 to 5 cm) long and goes from the rectum to the anal verge . ,Your anal canal is short.  It is only about 1-1/2 to 2 inches long and goes from your rectum to your anal verge. 
The anal verge is where the canal connects to the outside skin at the anus. ,Your anal verge is where the canal attaches to the skin on the outside of your bottom at your anus. 
This skin around the anal verge is called the perianal skin (previously called the anal margin ). ,The skin around the anal verge is called the perianal skin.
The inner lining of the anal canal is the mucosa . ,The inner lining of the anal canal is the mucosa . 
Most anal cancers start from cells in the mucosa. ,Most anal cancers start from cells in the mucosa. 
Glands and ducts (tubes leading from the glands) are found under the mucosa. ,There are tubes (glands) found under the mucosa. 
"The glands make mucus, which acts as a lubricating fluid. ","The glands make mucus, which acts as a moisturizer or lubricating fluid for the anus. "
The cells of the anal canal change as they go from the rectum to the anal verge: >Cells above the anal canal (in the rectum) and in the part of the anal canal close to the rectum are shaped like tiny columns. ,The cells of the anal canal change as they go from the rectum to the anal verge: >Cells above the anal canal (in the rectum) and in the part of the anal canal close to the rectum are shaped like tiny columns. 
>Most cells near the middle of the anal canal are shaped like cubes and are called transitional cells . ,>Most cells near the middle of the anal canal are shaped like cubes and are called transitional cells . 
This area is called the transitional zone . ,This area is called the transitional zone . 
">About midway down the anal canal is the dentate line , which is where most of the anal glands empty mucus into the anus. ",">About midway down the anal canal is the dentate line , which is where most of the anal glands empty mucus into the anus. "
>Below the dentate line are flat (squamous) cells. ,>Below the dentate line are flat (squamous) cells. 
">At the anal verge, the squamous cells of the lower anal canal merge with the skin just outside the anus. ",">At the anal verge, the squamous cells of the lower anal canal merge with the skin just outside the anus. "
"This skin around the anal verge (called the perianal skin or the anal margin ) is also made up of squamous cells, but it also contains sweat glands and hair follicles, which are not found in the lining of the lower anal canal.","This skin around the anal verge (called the perianal skin or the anal margin ) is also made up of squamous cells, but it also contains sweat glands and hair follicles, which are not found in the lining of the lower anal canal."
Types of anal cancer,Types of anal cancer
Anal cancers are often divided into 2 groups based on where they start: ,Anal cancers are often divided into 2 groups based on where they start: 
>Cancers of the anal canal (above the anal verge) ,>The anal canal (above the anal verge)
>Cancers of the perianal skin (below the anal verge) – previously called cancers of the anal margin., >The perianal skin (below the anal verge) 
"Sometimes, treatment may be different, depending on where the cancer is located. ",The cancer is named for the place where it starts.  The treatment can be different for each kind.  
"But anal cancers can sometimes extend from one area into the other, so it’s hard to know exactly where they started.","Anal cancers can also extend from one area into the other, making it hard to know exactly where they started."
Squamous cell carcinoma,Squamous cell carcinoma
Most (nearly 9 out of 10 cases) anal cancers in the United States are squamous cell cancer. ,Most (nearly 9 out of 10 cases) anal cancers in the United States are squamous cell cancer. 
These tumors start in the squamous cells that line most of the anal canal and the anal margin. ,These tumors start in cells called “squamous cells” that are found in the lining of most of the anal canal and the sides of anus. 
Squamous cell cancers in the anal canal have grown beyond the surface and into the deeper layers of the lining. ,Squamous cell cancer in the anal canal grows deep into the wall of the anal canal.
Squamous cell cancers of the anal margin (perianal skin) can be treated as an anal cancer or like squamous cell cancer of the skin . ,Squamous cell cancers of the anal lining (perianal skin) can be treated as an anal cancer or like cancer of the skin . 
It is important to see an expert if you are diagnosed with perianal cancer to determine the best course of treatment. ,It is important to see an expert if you are diagnosed with perianal cancer to find out the best course of treatment. 
The anal cancer information here focuses mainly on anal squamous cell carcinoma since it is the most common type of anal cancer.,The anal cancer information here focuses mainly on anal squamous cell carcinoma since it is the most common type of anal cancer.
Rare types of anal cancers,Rare kinds of anal cancers
Adenocarcinoma,Adenocarcinoma
A small number of anal cancers are adenocarcinomas . ,A small number of anal cancers are adenocarcinomas . 
These cancers start in cells that line the upper part of the anus near the rectum. ,These cancers start in cells that line the upper part of the anus near the rectum. 
They can also start in the glands under the anal mucosa that release secretions into the anal canal. ,They can also start in the glands under the anal mucosa that release moist fluids (secretions) into the anal canal. 
Most anal adenocarcinomas are treated the same as rectal carcinomas. ,Most anal adenocarcinomas are treated the same as rectal cancers. 
"For more information, see Colorectal Cancer . ","For more information, see Colorectal Cancer . "
Adenocarcinomas can also start in apocrine glands (a type of sweat gland of the perianal skin). ,Adenocarcinomas can also start in a type of sweat gland of the perineal skin called apocrine glands. 
Paget’s disease is a type of apocrine gland carcinoma that spreads through the surface layer of the skin. ,Paget’s disease is a type of sweat gland (apocrine) cancer that spreads through the surface layer of the skin. 
"Paget’s disease can affect skin anywhere in the body but most often affects skin of the perianal area, vulva , or breast . ","Paget’s disease can affect skin anywhere in the body but most often affects the skin of the area surrounding the anus (perianal area), outer area of the vagina (vulva) , or breast . "
"This should not be confused with Paget’s disease of the bone, which is a different disease and is not cancer.","This should not be confused with Paget’s disease of the bone, which is a different disease and is not cancer."
Basal cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinomas are a type of skin cancer that can develop in the perianal skin. ,Basal cell cancer is a kind of skin cancer that can sometimes start in the perianal skin. 
"These tumors are much more common in areas of skin exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. ","These tumors are much more common in areas of skin exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands. "
Very few anal cancers are basal cell carcinomas. ,Very few anal cancers are basal cell cancers. 
They are often treated with surgery to remove the cancer. ,They are often treated with surgery to remove the cancer. 
"For more information, see Skin Cancer: ","For more information, see Skin Cancer: "
Basal and Squamous Cell .,Basal and Squamous Cell .
Melanoma,Melanoma
These cancers start in cells in the skin or anal lining that make the brown pigment called melanin . ,These cancers start in cells in the skin or anal lining that make the brown pigment called melanin . 
Only a very small number of anal cancers are melanomas. ,Only a very small number of anal cancers are melanomas. 
Melanomas are far more common on the skin in other parts of the body. ,Melanomas are far more common on the skin in other parts of the body. 
"If melanomas are found at an early stage (before they have grown deeply into the skin or spread to lymph nodes) they can be removed with surgery, and the outlook for long-term survival is very good. ",If melanomas are found at an early stage (before they have grown deeply into the skin or spread to lymph nodes) they can be removed by surgery. Surgery for early-stage disease usually results in good long-term survival. 
"But because anal melanomas are hard to see, most are found at a later stage. ","But because anal melanomas are hard to see, most are found at a later stage. "
"If possible, the entire tumor is removed with surgery. ","If possible, the entire tumor is removed with surgery. "
"If all of the tumor can be removed, a cure is possible. ","If all of the tumor can be removed, a cure is possible. "
"Sometimes, an abdominoperineal resection (APR) might be recommended. ","Sometimes, an abdominoperineal resection (APR) might be recommended. "
"If the melanoma has spread too far to be removed completely, other treatments may be given. ","If the melanoma has spread too far to be removed completely by surgery, other treatments may be given. "
"For more on this, see Melanoma Skin Cancer .","For more on this, see Melanoma Skin Cancer ."
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST),Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
"These cancers are much more common in the stomach or small intestine, and rarely start in the anal region. ","These cancers are much more common in the stomach or small intestine, and rarely start in the anal region. "
"When these tumors are found at an early stage, they are removed with surgery. ","When these tumors are found at an early stage, they are removed with surgery. "
"If they have spread beyond the anus, they can be treated with drug therapy. ","If they have spread beyond the anus, they can be treated with drug therapy. "
"For more information, see Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) .","For more information, see Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) ."
Anal conditions that are pre-cancer,Anal problems that are pre-cancer 
"Some changes in the anal mucosa are harmless at first, but later might turn into cancer. ","Some changes in the anal mucosa are harmless at first, but later might turn into cancer. "
These are called pre-cancers . ,These are called pre-cancers . 
Pre-cancers might also be called dysplasia . ,Pre-cancers can also be called dysplasia . 
"Some warts, for example, contain areas of dysplasia that can develop into cancer. ","Some warts, for example, contain areas of dysplasia that can develop into cancer. "
Dysplasia in cells of the anus is called anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) or anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) . ,Dysplasia (pre-cancer) cells in the anus is called anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) or anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). 
"Depending on how the cells look, AIN or anal SIL can be divided into 2 groups: >Low-grade SIL (or grade 1 AIN): The cells in low-grade SIL look like normal cells. ","Depending on how the cells look, (AIN or anal SIL), they can be divided into 2 groups: >Low-grade SIL or high grade SIL: "
Low-grade SIL often goes away without treatment and has a low chance of turning into cancer. ,"The cells in low-grade SIL look like normal cells, and often goes away without treatment. Low SIL has a low chance of turning into cancer. "
>High-grade SIL (or grade 2 AIN or grade 3 AIN) : ,>High-grade SIL (or grade 2 AIN or grade 3 AIN) : 
The cells in high-grade SIL look abnormal. ,The cells in high-grade SIL look abnormal. 
"High-grade SIL is less likely to go away without treatment and, with time, could become cancer. ","High-grade SIL is less likely to go away without treatment and, with time, could become cancer. "
It needs to be watched closely and some cases of high-grade SIL need to be treated.,It needs to be watched closely and some cases of high-grade SIL need to be treated.
Benign anal tumors,Anal tumors that are not cancer
Many types of tumors can develop in the anus. ,Many types of tumors can develop in the anus. 
Not all of these tumors are cancers – some are benign (not cancer).,Not all of these tumors are cancers – some are benign (not cancer).
Polyps,Polyps
"Polyps are small, bumpy, or mushroom-like growths that form in the mucosa or just under it. ","Polyps are small, bumpy, or mushroom-like growths that form in the mucosa or just under it. "
"There are many kinds including inflammatory polyps, lymphoid polyps and fibroepithelial polyps.",There are many kinds of polyps.
Skin tags,Skin tags
Skin tags are benign growths of connective tissue that are covered by squamous cells. ,Skin tags are benign growths of connective tissue that are covered by squamous cells. 
"Skin tags are often mistaken for hemorrhoids (swollen veins inside the anus or rectum), but they're not the same.","Skin tags are often mistaken for hemorrhoids (swollen veins inside the anus or rectum), but they're not the same."
Anal warts,Anal warts
Anal warts (also called condylomas ) are growths that form just outside the anus and in the lower anal canal below the dentate line. ,Anal warts (also called condylomas ) are growths that form just outside the anus and in the lower anal canal below the dentate line. 
Sometimes they can be found just above the dentate line. ,Sometimes they can be found just above the dentate line. 
They're caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). ,They're caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). 
People who have or had anal warts are more likely to get anal cancer. ,People who have or had anal warts are more likely to get anal cancer. 
(See “Anal conditions that are pre-cancer” above and Risk Factors for Anal cancer .),(See “Anal conditions that are pre-cancer” above and Risk Factors for Anal cancer .)
Other benign tumors,Other tumors that are not cancer
"In rare cases, benign tumors can grow in other tissues of the anus. ","Sometimes, tumors that are not cancer can grow in other parts of the anus. "
These include: >Leiomyomas: Benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells >Granular cell tumors: Tumors that develop from nerve cells and are composed of cells that contain lots of tiny spots (granules) > Lipomas: Benign tumors that start from fat cells,These include: >Leiomyomas: Benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells >Granular cell tumors: Tumors that develop from nerve cells and are composed of cells that contain lots of tiny spots (granules) > Lipomas: Benign tumors that start from fat cells
Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts. ,Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts. 
Bile duct cancer is also called cholangiocarcinoma. ,Bile duct cancer is also called cholangiocarcinoma. 
"A network of tubes, called ducts, connects the liver , gallbladder , and small intestine . ","A network of tubes, called ducts, connects the liver , gallbladder , and small intestine . "
This network begins in the liver where many small ducts collect bile (a fluid made by the liver to break down fats during digestion). ,This network begins in the liver where many small ducts collect bile (a fluid made by the liver to break down fats from food during digestion). 
"The small ducts come together to form the right and left hepatic ducts, which lead out of the liver. ","The small ducts come together to form the right and left hepatic ducts, which lead out of the liver. "
The two ducts join outside the liver and form the common hepatic duct . ,The two ducts join outside the liver and form the common hepatic duct . 
The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct. ,The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct. 
"Bile from the liver passes through the hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, and cystic duct and is stored in the gallbladder. ","Bile from the liver passes through the hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, and cystic duct and is stored in the gallbladder. "
"When food is being digested, bile stored in the gallbladder is released and passes through the cystic duct to the common bile duct and into the small intestine.","When food is being digested, bile stored in the gallbladder is released and passes through the cystic duct to the common bile duct and into the small intestine."
Types of bile duct cancer,Types of bile duct cancer
There are two types of bile duct cancer: >Intrahepatic bile duct cancer : This type of cancer forms in the bile ducts inside the liver. ,There are two kinds of bile duct cancer: >Intrahepatic bile duct cancer : This kind of cancer starts in the bile ducts inside the liver. 
Only a small number of bile duct cancers are intrahepatic. ,Only a small number of bile duct cancers are intrahepatic. 
Intrahepatic bile duct cancers are also called intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. ,Intrahepatic bile duct cancers are also called intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. 
>Extrahepatic bile duct cancer : This type of cancer forms in the bile ducts outside the liver. ,>Extrahepatic bile duct cancer : This kind of cancer starts in the bile ducts outside the liver. 
The two types of extrahepatic bile duct cancer are perihilar bile duct cancer and distal bile duct cancer:Perihilar bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the right and left bile ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct. ,There two types of extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Perihilar and distal bile duct cancer. Perihilar bile duct cancer is found where the right and left bile ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct.
Perihilar bile duct cancer is also called a Klatskin tumor or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. ,Perihilar bile duct cancer is also called a Klatskin tumor or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. 
Distal bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder join to form the common bile duct. ,Distal bile duct cancer : This kind of cancer is found where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder connect to make the common bile duct. 
The common bile duct passes through the pancreas and ends in the small intestine. ,The common bile duct passes through the pancreas and ends in the small intestine. 
Distal bile duct cancer is also called extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. ,Distal bile duct cancer is also called extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. 
>Perihilar bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the right and left bile ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct. ,>Perihilar bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the right and left bile ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct. 
Perihilar bile duct cancer is also called a Klatskin tumor or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. ,Perihilar bile duct cancer is also called a Klatskin tumor or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. 
>Distal bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder join to form the common bile duct. ,>Distal bile duct cancer : This type of cancer is found in the area where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder join to form the common bile duct. 
The common bile duct passes through the pancreas and ends in the small intestine. ,The common bile duct passes through the pancreas and ends in the small intestine. 
Distal bile duct cancer is also called extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.,Distal bile duct cancer is also called extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer,Signs and symptoms of bile duct cancer
These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by bile duct cancer or by other conditions. ,These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by bile duct cancer or by other conditions. 
Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: >jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) >dark urine >clay colored stool >pain in the abdomen >fever >itchy skin >nausea and vomiting >weight loss for an unknown reason. There are no routine screening tests to check for bile duct cancer before signs and symptoms occur. ,Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: >jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) >dark urine >clay colored stool >pain in the abdomen >fever >itchy skin >unrelieved nausea and vomiting >weight loss for an unknown reason There are no routine screening tests to check for bile duct cancer before signs and symptoms occur. 
"To learn about tests that are used to diagnose bile duct cancer, see Bile Duct Cancer Diagnosis . ","To learn about tests that are used to diagnose bile duct cancer, see Bile Duct Cancer Diagnosis . "
">Updated:July 1, 2022 ",">Updated:July 1, 2022 "
"If you would like to reproduce some or all of this content, see Reuse of NCI Information for guidance about copyright and permissions. ","If you would like to reproduce some or all of this content, see Reuse of NCI Information for guidance about copyright and permissions. "
"In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “What Is Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)? ","In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “What Is Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)? "
was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.” ,was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.” 
Want to use this content on your website or other digital platform? ,Want to use this content on your website or other digital platform? 
Our syndication services page shows you how.,Our syndication services page shows you how.
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. ,Cancer starts when cells in the body start to grow out of control.
"When cancer starts in the colon or rectum, it is called colorectal cancer. ","When cancer starts in the colon or rectum, it is called colorectal cancer. "
"Sometimes it is called colon cancer, for short. ","Sometimes it is called colon cancer, for short. "
"Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States, but it doesn’t have to be. ","Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States, but it doesn’t have to be. "
Colorectal cancer screening saves lives. ,Colorectal cancer screening saves lives. 
Screening can find precancerous polyps—abnormal growths in the colon or rectum—that can be removed before they turn into cancer. ,Screening can help find growths in your colon or rectum called precancerous polyps. They can be removed before they turn into cancer. 
"Screening also helps find colorectal cancer at an early stage, when treatment works best. ","Screening also helps find colorectal cancer at an early stage before it spreads, when treatment works best. "
About nine out of every 10 people whose colorectal cancers are found early and treated appropriately are still alive five years later. ,About nine out of every 10 people whose colorectal cancers are found early and treated appropriately are still alive five years later. 
"If you are 45 years old or older, get screened now. ","If you are 45 years old or older, get screened now. "
"If you think you may be at increased risk for colorectal cancer, speak with your doctor about when to begin screening, which test is right for you, and how often to get tested. ","If you think you may have a higher chance of getting colorectal cancer, ask your doctor when you should start getting screening, which test is right for you, and how often to get tested. "
Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum. ,Colorectal cancer is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. 
"Sometimes it is called colon cancer, for short. ","Sometimes it is called colon cancer, for short. "
"Your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you get older, and there are other risk factors. ","Your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you get older, and there are other risk factors. "
The most effective way to reduce your risk of colorectal cancer is by having regular colorectal cancer screening tests beginning at age 45. ,The most effective way to reduce your risk of colorectal cancer is by having regular colorectal cancer screening tests beginning at age 45. 
"Colorectal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, especially at first. ","Colorectal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, especially at first. "
See a list of possible symptoms. ,See a list of possible symptoms. 
"Screening tests can find precancerous polyps, so that they can be removed before they turn into cancer. ","Screening tests can find precancerous growths (polyps), so that they can be removed before they turn into cancer. "
"Screening tests can also find colorectal cancer early, when treatment works best. ","Screening tests can also find colorectal cancer early, when treatment works best. "
Several screening tests can be used to find polyps or colorectal cancer. ,There are a few tests that can help find polyps or colorectal cancer.  
Each test has advantages and disadvantages. ,Each test has advantages and disadvantages. 
"Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of each test, and how often to be tested. ",Talk to your doctor about what is the best test for you and how often you should have the test.  
Tell your doctor about any symptoms or risk factors you may have. ,Tell your doctor about any symptoms or risk factors you may have. 
Discuss with your doctor which test is best for you. ,Discuss with your doctor which test is best for you. 
>Facebook >Twitter >LinkedIn >Syndicate,>Facebook >Twitter >LinkedIn >Syndicate
Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors are a type of cancer that forms in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. ,Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors are a type of cancer that forms in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 
Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. ,Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. 
"To learn more about what cancer is and how it can grow and spread, see What Is Cancer? To understand gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, it helps to know about the gastrointestinal system, as well as the neuroendocrine system.","To learn more about what cancer is and how it can grow and spread, see What Is Cancer? To understand gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, it helps to know about the gastrointestinal system, as well as the neuroendocrine system."
The gastrointestinal system,The gastrointestinal system
"The gastrointestinal (GI) system, also known as the digestive system, processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste. ","The gastrointestinal (GI) system, also called the digestive system, breaks down food for energy and helps the body get rid of waste.   "
"After food is chewed and swallowed, it enters the esophagus. ","After food is chewed and swallowed, it enters into a tube called the esophagus. "
This tube carries food through the neck and chest to the stomach. ,This tube takes food down through your neck and chest to your stomach. 
The esophagus joins the stomach just beneath the diaphragm (the breathing muscle under the lungs). ,The esophagus joins the stomach just beneath the diaphragm (the breathing muscle under the lungs). 
The stomach is a sac that holds food and begins the digestive process by secreting gastric juice. ,The stomach is a sac that holds food and begins the digestive process by releasing (secreting) gastric juice. 
"The food and gastric juices are mixed into a thick fluid, which then empties into the small intestine. ","The food and gastric juices are mixed into a thick fluid, which then empties into the small intestine. "
The small intestine keeps breaking down food and absorbs most of the nutrients. ,The small intestine keeps breaking down food and absorbs most of the nutrients. 
"It is the longest section of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, measuring more than 20 feet (6 meters). ","It is the longest section of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, measuring more than 20 feet (6 meters). "
The small intestine then joins the colon. ,The small intestine then connects to the colon. 
"This is a wider, muscular tube about 5 feet (1.5 meters) long. ","This is a wider, muscular tube about 5 feet (1.5 meters) long. "
The appendix is near the junction of small intestine and colon. ,The appendix is near the connection of small intestine and colon. 
"The colon absorbs water, minerals, and nutrients from food and serves as a storage place for waste. ","The colon absorbs water, minerals, and nutrients from food and serves as a storage place for waste. "
The waste that is left after this process goes into the rectum. ,The waste that is left after this process goes into the rectum. 
From there it leaves the body through the anus as stool (feces).,From there it leaves the body through the anus as stool (feces).
The neuroendocrine system,The neuroendocrine system
The neuroendocrine system has cells that act like nerve cells in certain ways and like hormone-making endocrine cells in others. ,The neuroendocrine system has cells that act like nerve cells in certain ways and like hormone (making endocrine) cells in others. 
These cells don’t form an actual organ like the adrenal or thyroid glands. ,These cells are not found in one place like other hormone producing areas of the body (adrenal or thyroid glands). 
"Instead, they are scattered throughout organs like the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, appendix, and lungs. ","Instead, they are scattered throughout body in areas such as the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, appendix, and lungs. "
The digestive system has more neuroendocrine cells than any other part of the body. ,The digestive system has more neuroendocrine cells than any other part of the body. 
This might be why carcinoid tumors most often start there. ,This could be why so many carcinoid tumors start there. 
Neuroendocrine cells help control the release of digestive juices and how fast food moves in the GI tract. ,Neuroendocrine cells help control the release of digestive juices and how fast food moves in the GI tract. 
They may also help control the growth of other types of digestive system cells. ,They may also help control the growth of other types of digestive system cells. 
"Like most cells in the body, GI tract neuroendocrine cells sometimes go through certain changes that cause them to grow too much and form cancers. ","Like most cells in the body, GI tract neuroendocrine cells sometimes go through certain changes that cause them to grow too much and form cancers. "
These cancers as a group are called neuroendocrine tumors.,These cancers as a group are called neuroendocrine tumors.
Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors,Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors
"Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are mostly slow growing, but some are not and can possibly spread to other parts of the body They are classified by tumor grade which describes how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread.. ",Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are mostly slow growing. But some are not and can possibly spread to other parts of the body. They are classified by how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread (tumor grade) 
>Grade 1 (low grade) NETs have cells that look more like normal cells and are not multiplying quickly. ,>Grade 1 (low grade) NETs have cells that look more like normal cells and grow slowly. 
>Grade 2 (intermediate grade) NETs have features in between those of low- and high-grade tumors. ,>Grade 2 (intermediate grade) NETs have features in between those of low- and high-grade tumors. 
>Grade 3 (high grade) NETs have cells that look very abnormal and are multiplying faster. ,>Grade 3 (high grade) NETs have cells that look very abnormal and are grow faster. 
Cancers that are grade 1 or grade 2 are called GI neuroendocrine tumors. ,Cancers that are grade 1 or grade 2 are called GI neuroendocrine tumors. 
These cancers tend to grow slowly and can possibly spread to other parts of the body. ,These cancers tend to grow slowly but may still spread to other parts of the body. 
Cancers that are grade 3 are called GI neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). ,Cancers that are grade 3 are called GI neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). 
These cancers tend to grow and spread quickly and can spread to other parts of the body. ,These cancers tend to grow and spread quickly and can spread to other parts of the body. 
The term “carcinoid” is often used to describe grade 1 and grade 2 GI NETs. ,The term “carcinoid” is often used to describe grade 1 and grade 2 GI NETs. 
The term carcinoid will be used here unless referring to NECs specifically. ,The term carcinoid will be used here unless referring to NECs specifically. 
"Carcinoid tumors that start in the lungs are not covered here, but you can find more information in Lung Carcinoid Tumor .","Carcinoid tumors that start in the lungs are not covered here, but you can find more information in Lung Carcinoid Tumor ."
Other gastrointestinal tumors,Other gastrointestinal tumors
Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors are different from the more common tumors of the GI tract. ,Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors are different from the more common tumors of the GI tract. 
Most GI tract tumors start from the glandular cells that produce mucus and make up the inner lining of the digestive system. ,Most GI tract tumors start from the glandular cells that make mucus (slimy liquid) and make up the inside covering of the walls of the digestive system. 
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are not the same as carcinoid tumors. ,Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are not the same as carcinoid tumors. 
They have a different prognosis (course of disease and outlook) and respond differently to treatment. ,They have a different prognosis (course of disease and chance of recovery) and respond differently to treatment. 
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are not covered here (see Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ). ,Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are not covered here (see Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ). 
"These tumors differ quite a lot in their symptoms, their outlook, and their treatment. ","These tumors differ quite a lot in their symptoms, their chances of recovery, and their treatment. "
"For these reasons, it is important to know what type of tumor you have. ","For these reasons, it is important to know what type of tumor you have. "
"Information about other kinds of tumors of the GI tract can be found in Esophagus Cancer , Stomach Cancer , Small Intestine Cancer , and Colorectal Cancer .","Information about other kinds of tumors of the GI tract can be found in Esophagus Cancer , Stomach Cancer , Small Intestine Cancer , and Colorectal Cancer ."
Anatomy of the liver. ,Where is the liver and what does it look like?
"The liver is in the upper abdomen near the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and pancreas. ",The liver is near your stomach on the right side of your body.
The liver has four lobes. ,The liver has four sections. 
Two lobes are on the front and two small lobes (not shown) are on the back of the liver. ,Two sections are on the front and two smaller sections (not shown) are on the back. 
Intrahepatic bile ducts are a network of small tubes that carry bileinsidethe liver.. ,A small network of small tubes called Intrahepatic (in-tra-ha-patic) bile ducts that carry a bitter fluid (bile) inside of the liver.
"© 2010 Terese Winslow LLC, U.S. Govt. has certain rights. ","© 2010 Terese Winslow LLC, U.S. Govt. has certain rights. "
Used with Permission. ,Used with Permission. 
Contact artist atwww.teresewinslow.comfor licensing.. ,Contact artist atwww.teresewinslow.comfor licensing.. 
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. ,Cancer is a disease where normal cells in the body grow out of control. 
"When cancer starts in the liver, it is called liver cancer. ","When cancer starts in the liver, it is called liver cancer. "
"Each year in the United States, about 25,000 men and 11,000 women get liver cancer, and about 19,000 men and 9,000 women die from the disease. ","Every year in the United States, about 25,000 men and 11,000 women get liver cancer, and about 19,000 men and 9,000 women die from the sickness. "
"The percentage of Americans who get liver cancer rose for several decades, but is now declining. ","The number of Americans who get liver cancer rose for several years, but that number has started to go down. "
Liver cancer is more common in other parts of the world than in the United States..,Liver cancer is more common in other parts of the world than in the United States..
What Is the Liver?,What Is the Liver?
"The liver is located on the upper right side of the body, behind the lower ribs. ","The liver is located on the upper right side of the body, behind the lower ribs. "
"The liver does many jobs, including—. ","The liver does many jobs, including—. "
>Storing nutrients. ,>Storing nutrients. 
>Removing waste products and worn-out cells from the blood. ,>Removing waste products and worn-out cells from the blood. 
">Filtering and processing chemicals in food, alcohol, and medications. ",">Breaks down and filters food, alcohol and medications in the body. "
">Producing bile, a solution that helps digest fats and eliminate waste products.",>Produce the bitter fluid (bile) that helps digest fats and get rid of waste products.
What Are the Symptoms of Liver Cancer?,What Are the Symptoms of Liver Cancer?
"In its early stages, liver cancer may not have symptoms that can be seen or felt. ","When liver cancer starts, it may not have symptoms that can be seen or felt. "
"However, as the cancer grows larger, people may notice one or more of these common symptoms. ","As the cancer grows larger, people may notice one or more of these common symptoms. "
It’s important to remember that these symptoms could also be caused by other health conditions. ,It’s important to remember that these symptoms could also be caused by other reasons. 
"If you have any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor.. ","If you have any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor.. "
Liver cancer symptoms may include—. ,Liver cancer symptoms may include—. 
>Discomfort in the upper abdomen on the right side. ,>Discomfort in the upper abdomen on the right side. 
>A swollen abdomen. ,>A swollen abdomen. 
>A hard lump on the right side just below the rib cage. ,>A hard lump on the right side just below the rib cage. 
>Pain near the right shoulder blade or in the back. ,>Pain near the right shoulder blade or in the back. 
>Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes). ,>Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (Jaundice). 
>Easy bruising or bleeding. ,>Easy bruising or bleeding. 
>Unusual tiredness. ,>Being very tired
>Nausea and vomiting. ,>Throwing up or feeling like you need to throw up
>Loss of appetite. ,>Not wanting to eat. 
>Weight loss for no known reason. ,>Weight loss for no known reason. 
"An illness caught Gary off guard, and test results found something he never expected. ","An illness caught Gary off guard, and test results found something he never expected. "
Read his story..,Read his story..
What Causes Liver Cancer?,What Causes Liver Cancer?
Behaviors and conditions that increase risk for getting liver cancer are—. ,Some things that can make liver cancer happen to you are—. 
>Being overweight orhaving obesity. ,>If you weigh too much 
>Having a long-termhepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. , If you have a sickness called long-term hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. 
>Smoking cigarettes. ,>Smoking cigarettes. 
>Drinking alcohol. ,>Drinking alcohol. 
">Having cirrhosis (scarring of the liver, which can also be caused by hepatitis and alcohol use). ",>Scarring of the liver called cirrhosis (which can also be caused by hepatitis and alcohol use). 
>Having nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (extra fat in the liver that is not caused by alcohol). ,>Fatty liver disease (extra fat in the liver that is not caused by alcohol). 
>Having diabetes. ,>Diabetes
">Having hemochromatosis, a condition where the body takes up and stores more iron than it needs. ",">Having hemochromatosis,a condition where the body takes up and stores more iron than it needs. "
">Eating foods that have a flatoxin (a fungus that can grow on foods, such as grains and nuts that have not been stored properly).",">Eating foods that have a fungus that can grow on foods such as grains and nuts that have not been stored properly (Aflatoxin),"
How Can I Reduce My Risk for Liver Cancer?,How Can I Reduce My Risk for Liver Cancer?
You can lower your risk of getting liver cancer in the following ways—. ,You can lower your chances of getting liver cancer in the following ways—. 
>Keep a healthy weight. ,>Keep a healthy weight. 
>Get vaccinated against Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccineis recommended for all infants at birth and for adults who may be at increased risk. ,>Get Hepatitis B vaccine if you qualify. (recommended for all infants at birth and for adults who may have increased chance of getting Hepatitis). 
">Get tested for Hepatitis C, and get medical care if you have it. ",">Get tested to see if you have for Hepatitis C, and get medical care if you have it. "
">Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. ",>Don’t smoke or quit if you do. 
>Avoid drinking too much alcohol. ,>Avoid drinking too much alcohol. 
Liver cancer can be caused by chronic infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV). ,Liver cancer can be caused by long lasting infections of hepatitis C (HCV) or B (HBV). 
"The opioid epidemic has increased the number of people who inject drugs in the United States, which may lead to an increased risk of HCV and HBV transmission through use of shared equipment..",Widespread narcotic use has increased the number of people who inject drugs in the US.  This may lead to an increased risk of HCV and HBV spread through use of shared needles.
Statistics,Statistics
The Data Visualizations tool makes it easy for anyone to explore and use the latest official federal government cancer data from United States Cancer Statistics. ,There is a tool called The Data Visualizations tool that can tell you how many people have liver cancer in the United States.  
It includes the latest cancer data covering the U.S. population.. ,The tool tells you what is happening with cancer in the United States.  
>Liver and Bile Duct Cancer (National Cancer Institute) ,>Liver and Bile Duct Cancer (National Cancer Institute) 
>Video: Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Statistics (National Cancer Institute) ,>Video: Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Statistics(National Cancer Institute) 
>Alcohol and Cancer ,>Alcohol and Cancer 
>Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Prevention Profiles ,>Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Prevention Profiles 
>Facebook ,>Facebook 
>Twitter ,>Twitter 
>LinkedIn ,>LinkedIn 
>Syndicate,>Syndicate
Primary liver cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the liver. ,A cancer that starts in your liver is called primary liver cancer.  
Cancer that forms in other parts of the body and spreads to the liver is not primary liver cancer. ,Cancer that forms in other parts of the body and spreads to the liver is not primary liver cancer. 
The liver is one of the largest organs in the body. ,The liver is one of the biggest organs in your body. 
It has two lobes and fills the upper right side of the abdomen inside the rib cage. ,It has two parts. It sits on your right side under your ribs.
The main functions of the liver include the following:. ,The main functions of the liver: 
>to make bile to help digest fat that comes from food ,>to make a liquid called bile that helps break down fat from food
">to store glycogen (sugar), which the body uses for energy ",">to store sugar, which the body uses for energy "
>to filter harmful substances from the blood so they can be passed from the body in stools and urine,>filter harmful materials from the blood so they can be passed through bowel movements (stool) and pee (urine).
Types of liver cancer,Types of liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma and bile duct cancer (cholangio carcinoma) are the main types of adult primary liver cancer. ,Hepatocellular carcinoma and bile tube cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) are the main kinds of primary liver cancer in grown-ups.
Most adult primary liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas. ,Most adult primary liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas. 
This type of liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. ,Many people all over the world can die from this cancer.  
Primary liver cancer can occur in both adults and children. ,Primary liver cancer can occur in adults and children. 
"However, treatment for children is different than treatment for adults. ",Treatment for children is different than for  adults. 
"For more information, see Childhood Liver Cancer.","For more information, see Childhood Liver Cancer."
Signs and symptoms of liver cancer,Signs and symptoms of liver cancer
These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by adult primary liver cancer or by other conditions. ,Primary liver cancer can make these problems happen but other sickness can make them happen too.  
Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:. ,Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:
>a hard lump on the right side just below the rib cage ,>a hard bump on your right side under your ribs 
>discomfort in the upper abdomen on the right side ,>discomfort in the upper abdomen on the right side 
>a swollen abdomen ,>a swollen abdomen 
>pain near the right shoulder blade or in the back ,>pain near the right shoulder blade or in the back 
>jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) ,> Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) 
>easy bruising or bleeding ,>easy bruising or bleeding 
>unusual tiredness or weakness ,>unusual tiredness or weakness 
>nausea and vomiting ,> Throwing up or feeling like you need to throw up
>loss of appetite or feelings of fullness after eating a small meal ,>not wanting to eat or feeling full after eating a small amount of food 
>weight loss for no known reason ,>weight loss for no known reason 
">pale, chalky bowel movements and dark urine ",>your poop looks like chalk and your pee is very dark
>fever,>fever
Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the pancreas. ,Pancreatic cancer is a kind of cancer that starts in the pancreas. 
(Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. ,(Cancer starts when cells in the body start to grow out of control. 
"To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? ) ","To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? ) "
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pancreatic cancer. ,Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pancreatic cancer. 
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a less common type and are discussed in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors .,Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a less common type and are discussed in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors .
Where pancreatic cancer starts,Where pancreatic cancer starts
The pancreas,The pancreas
The pancreas is an organ that sits behind the stomach. ,The pancreas is an organ that sits behind the stomach. 
"It's shaped a bit like a fish with a wide head, a tapering body, and a narrow, pointed tail. ","It's shaped a bit like a fish with a wide head, a smaller body, and a narrow, pointed tail. "
In adults it's about 6 inches (15 centimeters) long but less than 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide. ,In adults it's about 6 inches (15 centimeters) long but less than 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide. 
">The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen (belly), behind where the stomach meets the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). ",">The head of your pancreas is on the right side of your belly, behind where your stomach meets the start of your small intestine. "
>The body of the pancreas is behind the stomach. ,>The body of the pancreas is behind the stomach. 
>The tail of the pancreas is on the left side of the abdomen next to the spleen. ,>The tail of the pancreas is on the left side of the abdomen next to the spleen. 
"The most common type of pancreatic cancer, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, starts when exocrine cells in the pancreas start to grow out of control. ","The most common type of pancreatic cancer, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, starts when cells inside of the pancreas called exocrine start to grow out of control. "
Most of the pancreas is made up of exocrine cells which form the exocrine glands and ducts. ,Most of the pancreas is made up of exocrine cells which form exocrine glands and ducts. 
The exocrine glands make pancreatic enzymes that are released into the intestines to help you digest foods (especially fats). ,The exocrine glands make pancreatic enzymes that are released into the intestines to help you digest foods (especially fats). 
The enzymes are released into tiny tubes called ducts which eventually empty into the pancreatic duct. ,The enzymes are released into tiny tubes called ducts which eventually empty into the pancreatic duct. 
"The pancreatic duct merges with the common bile duct (the duct that carries bile from the liver), and empties into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) at the ampulla of Vater. ",The pancreatic duct joins with the common bile duct (carries bile from the liver). Then empties into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) at an area called the ampulla of Vater. 
Endocrine cells make up a smaller percentage of the cells in the pancreas. ,Endocrine cells make up a smaller percentage of the cells in the pancreas. 
"These cells make important hormones like insulin and glucagon (which help control blood sugar levels), and release them directly into the blood. ","These cells make important hormones like insulin and glucagon (which help control blood sugar levels), and release them directly into the blood. "
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors start in the endocrine cells. ,Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors start in the endocrine cells. 
See Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor for more about this type. ,See Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor for more about this type. 
"If you are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, it’s very important to know if it's an endocrine cancer (see Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor) or exocrine cancer (discussed here). ","If you are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, it’s very important to know if it's an endocrine cancer (see Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor) or exocrine cancer (discussed here). "
"They have distinct risk factors and causes, have different signs and symptoms, are diagnosed with different tests, are treated in different ways, and have different outlooks.","They have distinct risk factors and causes, have different signs and symptoms, are diagnosed with different tests, are treated in different ways, and have different outlooks."
Types of pancreatic cancer,Types of pancreatic cancer
Exocrine cancers are by far the most common type of pancreas cancer. ,Exocrine cancers are by far the most common type of pancreas cancer. 
"If you are told you have pancreatic cancer, it's most likely an exocrine pancreatic cancer. ","If you are told you have pancreatic cancer, it's most likely an exocrine pancreatic cancer. "
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: About 95% of cancers of the exocrine pancreas are adenocarcinomas . ,About 95% of cancers of the exocrine pancreas are adenocarcinomas. 
These cancers usually start in the ducts of the pancreas. ,These cancers usually start in the ducts of the pancreas. 
"Less often, they develop from the cells that make the pancreatic enzymes, in which case they are called acinar cell carcinomas . ","Less often, they develop from the cells that make the pancreatic enzymes. This is called acinar cell carcinomas . "
"Less common types of exocrine cancer: Other, less common exocrine cancers include adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas with giant cells. ","Less common types of exocrine cancer: Other, less common exocrine cancers include adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas with giant cells. "
Ampullary cancer (carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater): ,Ampullary cancer (cancer of the ampulla of Vater): 
"This cancer starts in the ampulla of Vater, which is where the bile duct and pancreatic duct come together and empty into the small intestine. ","This cancer starts in the ampulla of Vater, which is where the bile duct and pancreatic duct come together and empty into the small intestine. "
"Ampullary cancers aren’t technically pancreatic cancers, but they are included here because they are treated much the same. ","Ampullary cancers aren’t pancreatic cancers, but they are included here because they are treated much the same. "
Ampullary cancers often block the bile duct while they're still small and have not spread far. ,Ampullary cancers often block the bile duct while they're still small and have not spread far. 
"This blockage causes bile to build up in the body, which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). ","This blockage causes bile to build up in the body, which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). "
"Because of this, these cancers are usually found earlier than most pancreatic cancers, and they usually have a better prognosis (outlook).","Because of this, these cancers are usually found earlier than most pancreatic cancers. They usually have a better prognosis (chance of recovery)."
Benign and precancerous growths in the pancreas,Benign and precancerous growths in the pancreas
"Some growths in the pancreas are simply benign (not cancer), while others might become cancer over time if left untreated (known as precancers ). ","Some growths in the pancreas are simply benign (not cancer), while others might become cancer over time if left untreated (known as precancers ). "
"Because people are getting imaging tests such as CT scans more often than in the past (for a number of reasons), these types of pancreatic growths are now being found more often. ","Because people are getting imaging tests such as CT scans more often than in the past (for a number of reasons), these types of pancreatic growths are now being found more often. "
Serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) (also known as serous cystadenomas ) are tumors that have sacs (cysts) filled with fluid. ,Serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) (also known as serous cystadenomas ) are tumors that have sacs (cysts) filled with fluid. 
"SCNs are almost always benign, and most don’t need to be treated unless they grow large or cause symptoms. ","SCNs are almost always benign, and most don’t need to be treated unless they grow large or cause symptoms. "
Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) (also known as mucinous cystadenomas ) are slow-growing tumors that have cysts filled with a jelly-like substance called mucin . ,Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) (also known as mucinous cystadenomas) are slow-growing tumors that have cysts filled with a jelly-like substance called mucin. 
These tumors almost always occur in women. ,These tumors almost always occur in women. 
"While they are not cancer, some of them can progress to cancer over time if not treated, so these tumors are typically removed with surgery. ","While they are not cancer, some of them can progress to cancer over time if not treated. These tumors are typically removed with surgery if found. "
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are benign tumors that grow in the pancreatic ducts. ,Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are benign tumors (not cancer) that grow in the pancreatic ducts. 
"Like MCNs, these tumors make mucin, and over time they sometimes become cancer if not treated. ","Like MCNs, these tumors make mucin, and over time they sometimes become cancer if not treated. "
"Some IPMNs can just be followed closely over time, but some might need to be removed with surgery if they have certain features, such as if they are in the main pancreatic duct. ","Some IPMNs can just be followed closely over time, but some might need to be removed with surgery if they have certain features, such as if they are in the main pancreatic duct. "
"Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare, slow-growing tumors that almost always develop in young women. ","Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare, slow-growing tumors that almost always develop in young women. "
"Even though these tumors tend to grow slowly, they can sometimes spread to other parts of the body, so they are best treated with surgery. ","Even though these tumors tend to grow slowly, they can spread to other parts of the body. They are best treated with surgery. "
The outlook for people with these tumors is usually very good.,The outlook for people with these tumors is usually very good.
Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. ,Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. 
"Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas of the body. ","Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas of the body. "
"To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? ","To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? "
Small intestine cancer starts when cells in the small intestine start to grow out of control. ,Small intestine cancer starts when cells in the small intestine start to grow out of control. 
"The small intestine is part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the digestive tract. ","The small intestine is part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the digestive tract. "
The GI tract processes food for energy and rids your body of solid waste. ,The GI tract breaks down food for energy and rids your body of solid waste. 
"Although the small intestine makes up the largest part of the GI tract, small intestine cancers are much less common than most other types of GI cancers (such as colon, rectal, stomach, and esophagus cancers) in the United States.","Although the small intestine makes up the largest part of the GI tract, small intestine cancers are much less common than other types of GI cancers (such as colon, rectal, stomach, and esophagus cancers) in the United States."
How the small intestine works,How the small intestine works
"To understand small intestine cancer, it helps to know about the small intestine and how it works. ","To understand small intestine cancer, it helps to know about the small intestine and how it works. "
"After you chew and swallow your food, it goes through the esophagus , a tube that carries food through the neck and chest and into the stomach . ","After you chew and swallow your food, it goes through the esophagus , a tube that carries food through the neck and chest and into the stomach . "
The stomach is a sac-like organ that helps the digestive process by mixing the food with gastric juices. ,The stomach is a sac-like organ that helps the continued breakdown of food (digestive process) by mixing the food with gastric juices preparing it for use by the body. 
"The food and gastric juices are mixed into a thick fluid, which is then emptied into the small intestine (also known as the small bowel ). ","The food and gastric juices are mixed into a thick fluid, which is then emptied into the small intestine (also known as the small bowel ). "
The small intestine continues breaking down the food and absorbs most of the nutrients. ,The small intestine continues breaking down the food and absorbs most of the nutrients. 
"Even though it's called the small intestine, it's actually the longest section of the GI tract (about 20 feet long). ","Even though it's called the small intestine, it's actually the longest section of the GI tract (about 20 feet long). "
The small intestine has 3 sections. ,The small intestine has 3 sections. 
>The duodenum: ,>The duodenum: 
This is the first section and is only about a foot long. ,This is the first section and is only about a foot long. 
"A short distance from where the duodenum attaches to the stomach, the pancreatic duct and bile duct enter the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. ","A short distance from where the duodenum attaches to the stomach, the pancreatic duct and bile duct enter the duodenum at an area called the ampulla of Vater. "
"Fluids from the pancreas and liver enter the small intestine here, helping to further digest the food. ","Fluids from the pancreas and liver enter the small intestine here, helping to further digest the food. "
>The jejunum and ileum: ,>The jejunum and ileum: 
"These parts make up most of the small intestine, and are where most of the nutrients in food are absorbed into the bloodstream. ","These are the biggest part of the small intestine, and are where most of the nutrients in your food are soaked into your blood. "
The ileum empties into the colon (the first part of the large intestine). ,The ileum goes into the colon (the first part of the large intestine). 
This muscular tube is about 4 to 5 feet long. ,This muscular tube is about 4 to 5 feet long. 
It absorbs water and some remaining mineral nutrients from the food matter. ,It absorbs water and some remaining mineral nutrients from the food matter. 
"The waste left after this process goes into the rectum , where it is stored until it passes out of the body through the anus .","The waste left after this process goes into the rectum , where it is stored until it passes out of the body through the anus as a bowel movement (stool) ."
Types of small intestine cancers,Types of small intestine cancers
"The small intestine is made up of many different types of cells, so different types of cancer can start here. ","The small intestine is made up of many different types of cells, so different types of cancer can start here. "
The 4 major types of small intestine cancers are: >Adenocarcinomas: ,The 4 major types of small intestine cancers are: >Adenocarcinomas: 
These cancers start in the gland cells that line the inside of the intestine. ,These cancers start in the gland cells that line the inside of the intestine. 
They account for about 1 in 3 small intestine cancers. ,They account for about 1 in 3 small intestine cancers. 
">Carcinoid tumors: These tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and they tend to be slow growing. ",">Carcinoid tumors: These tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and they tend to be slow growing. "
They are the most common type of small intestine tumor. ,They are the most common type of small intestine tumor. 
"To learn more, see Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors . ","To learn more, see Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors . "
>Lymphomas: These cancers start in immune cells called lymphocytes. ,>Lymphomas: These cancers start in cells that fight infections and protect the body (immune cells) called lymphocytes. 
"Lymphomas can start almost anywhere in the body, including the small intestine. ","Lymphomas can start almost anywhere in the body, including the small intestine. "
"For more on these cancers, see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma . ","For more on these cancers, see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. "
">Sarcomas: These are cancers that start in connective tissues, such as muscle. ",">Sarcomas: These are cancers that start in connective tissues, such as muscle. "
The most common sarcomas in the intestine are known as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) . ,The most common sarcomas in the intestine are known as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) . 
Most experts think that cancer of the small intestine develops much like colorectal cancer. ,Most experts think that cancer of the small intestine develops much like colorectal cancer. 
"It first begins as a small growth on the inner lining of the intestine, called a polyp . ","It first begins as a small growth on the inner lining of the intestine, called a polyp . "
"Over time, the polyp can change into a cancer. ","Over time, the polyp can change into a cancer. "
Most small intestinal cancers (especially adenocarcinomas) develop in the duodenum. ,Most small intestinal cancers (especially adenocarcinomas) develop in the duodenum. 
Cancers that develop in the duodenum are often found at the ampulla of Vater. ,Cancers that develop in the duodenum are often found at a place called the ampulla of Vater. 
"But because this area is closely associated with the pancreas, cancers of the ampulla of Vater (also known as ampullary cancers) are treated like pancreatic cancer .","But because this area is closely associated with the pancreas, cancers of the ampulla of Vater (also known as ampullary cancers) are treated like pancreatic cancer ."
Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. ,Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. 
"Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can then spread to other areas of the body. ","Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can then spread to other areas of the body. "
"To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see What Is Cancer? Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, begins when cells in the stomach start to grow out of control.","To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see What Is Cancer? Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, begins when cells in the stomach start to grow out of control."
The stomach,The stomach
"To understand stomach cancer, it helps to know about the normal structure and function of the stomach. ","To understand stomach cancer, it helps to know about the normal structure and function of the stomach. "
The stomach is a sac-like organ that’s an important part of the digestive system. ,The stomach is a sac-like organ that’s an important part of the digestive system. 
"After food is chewed and swallowed, it enters the esophagus , a tube that carries food through the throat and chest to the stomach. ","After food is chewed and swallowed, it enters the esophagus , a tube that carries food through the throat and chest to the stomach. "
"The esophagus joins the stomach at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction , which is just beneath the diaphragm (the thin sheet of breathing muscle under the lungs). ","The esophagus joins the stomach at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction , which is just beneath the diaphragm (the thin sheet of breathing muscle found under the lungs). "
The stomach then starts to digest the food by secreting gastric juice. ,The stomach then starts to digest the food by releasing gastric juice. 
The food and gastric juice are mixed and then emptied into the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum . ,The food and gastric juice are mixed and then emptied into the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum . 
Some people use the word 'stomach' to refer to the belly area. ,Some people use the word 'stomach' to refer to the belly area. 
The medical term for this area is the abdomen . ,The medical term for this area is the abdomen . 
"For instance, some people with pain in this area would say they have a 'stomach ache', when in fact the pain could be coming from some other organ in the area. ","For instance, some people with pain in this area would say they have a 'stomach ache', when in fact the pain could be coming from some other organ in the area. "
"Doctors would call this symptom 'abdominal pain,' because the stomach is only one of many organs in the abdomen. ","Doctors would call this symptom 'abdominal pain,' because the stomach is only one of many organs in the abdomen. "
"Stomach cancer is different from other cancers that can occur in the abdomen, like cancer of the colon or rectum (large intestine) , liver , pancreas , or small intestine . ","Stomach cancer is different from other cancers that can occur in the abdomen, like cancer of the colon or rectum (large intestine) , liver , pancreas , or small intestine . "
"These cancers can have different symptoms, different outlooks, and different treatments.","Stomach cancers can have different symptoms,  outlooks, and treatments."
Parts of the stomach,Parts of the stomach
The stomach has 5 parts. ,The stomach has 5 parts. 
"The first 3 parts make up the proximal stomach : >Cardia: the first part, which is closest to the esophagus >Fundus: the upper part of the stomach next to the cardia >Body (corpus): the main part of the stomach, between the upper and lower parts Some cells in these parts of the stomach make acid and pepsin (a digestive enzyme), which combine to make the gastric juice that helps digest food. ","The first 3 parts make up the proximal stomach : >Cardia: the first part, which is closest to the esophagus >Fundus: the upper part of the stomach next to the cardia >Body (corpus): the main part of the stomach, between the upper and lower parts. Some cells in these parts of the stomach make acid and pepsin (a digestive enzyme), which combine to make the gastric juice that helps digest food. "
"They also make a protein called intrinsic factor , which the body needs to absorb vitamin B12. ","They also make a protein called intrinsic factor , which the body needs to absorb vitamin B12. "
"The lower 2 parts make up the distal stomach : >Antrum: the lower portion (near the small intestine), where the food mixes with gastric juice >Pylorus: the last part of the stomach, which acts as a valve to control the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine. Other organs near the stomach include the small intestine, colon, liver, spleen, and pancreas. ","The lower 2 parts make up the distal stomach : >Antrum: the lower portion (near the small intestine), where the food mixes with gastric juice >Pylorus: the last part of the stomach, which acts as a valve to control the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine. Other organs near the stomach include the small intestine, colon, liver, spleen, and pancreas. "
The stomach wall has 5 layers: >The innermost layer is the mucosa . ,The stomach wall has 5 layers: >The innermost layer is the mucosa . 
This is where stomach acid and digestive enzymes are made. ,This is where stomach acid and digestive enzymes are made. 
Most stomach cancers start in this layer. ,Most stomach cancers start in this layer. 
">Next is a supporting layer called the submucosa . >Outside of this is the muscularis propria , a thick layer of muscle that helps move and mix the stomach contents. ","> The submucosa is the next layer which is a supporting layer. >The muscularis propria , a thick layer of muscle that helps move and mix the stomach contents is on the outside of the submucosa . "
">The outer 2 layers, the subserosa and the outermost serosa , wrap the stomach. ",">2 outer layers called the subserosa and the outermost serosa , wrap the stomach. "
"The layers are important in determining the stage (extent) of the cancer , which can affect a person’s treatment options and prognosis (outlook). ","The layers are important in determining the stage (how far the cancer has grown), which can affect a person’s treatment options and chances of recovery (prognosis). "
"As a cancer grows from the mucosa into deeper layers, the stage becomes more advanced and treatment might need to be more extensive.","As a cancer grows from the mucosa into deeper layers, the stage becomes greater and treatment might need to be more aggressive."
Development of stomach cancer,Development of stomach cancer
Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. ,Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. 
"Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. ","Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. "
"These early changes rarely cause symptoms, so they often go undetected. ","These early changes rarely cause symptoms, so they often go undetected. "
Cancers starting in different sections of the stomach can cause different symptoms and tend to have different outcomes. ,Cancers starting in different sections of the stomach can cause different symptoms and tend to have different results. 
The cancer’s location can also affect treatment options. ,The cancer’s location can also affect treatment options. 
"For example, cancers that start at or grow into the GE junction are usually staged and treated the same as cancers of the esophagus. ","For example, cancers that start at or grow into the GE junction are usually staged and treated the same as cancers of the esophagus. "
"(For more information, see Esophagus Cancer .)","(For more information, see Esophagus Cancer .)"
Types of stomach cancer,Types of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinomas,Adenocarcinomas
Most cancers of the stomach (about 90% to 95%) are adenocarcinomas. ,Most cancers of the stomach (about 90% to 95%) are adenocarcinomas. 
These cancers develop from the gland cells in the innermost lining of the stomach (the mucosa). ,These cancers develop from the gland cells in the innermost lining of the stomach (the mucosa). 
"If you are told you have stomach cancer (or gastric cancer), it will almost always be an adenocarcinoma. ","If you are told you have stomach cancer (or gastric cancer), it will most likely be an adenocarcinoma. "
The information on the following pages that discusses stomach cancer refers to this type of cancer. ,The information on the following pages that discusses stomach cancer refers to this type of cancer. 
There are 2 main types of stomach adenocarcinomas: >The intestinal type tends to have a slightly better prognosis (outlook). ,There are 2 main types of stomach cancers: (adenocarcinomas) >similar to the intestinal type tends to have a slightly better chance of recovery (prognosis). 
The cancer cells are more likely to have certain gene changes that might allow for treatment with targeted drug therapy . ,Adenocarcinomas are more likely to have certain genetic changes that might allow for treatment with special drugs called targeted agents . 
>The diffuse type tends to grow spread more quickly. ,>Diffuse cell cancers of the stomach tends to grow and spread more quickly. 
"It is less common than the intestinal type, and it tends to be harder to treat.","It is less common than the intestinal type, and it tends to be harder to treat."
Other types of cancer that can start in the stomach,Other types of cancer that can start in the stomach
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs),Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
These uncommon tumors start in very early forms of cells in the wall of the stomach called interstitial cells of Cajal. ,These uncommon tumors start in very early forms of cells in the wall of the stomach called interstitial cells of Cajal. 
Some GISTs are much more likely than others to grow into other areas or spread to other parts of the body. ,Some GISTs are much more likely than others to grow into other areas or spread to other parts of the body. 
"Although GISTs can start anywhere in the digestive tract, most start in the stomach. ","Although GISTs can start anywhere in the digestive tract, most start in the stomach. "
"For more information, see Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) .","For more information, see Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) ."
Neuroendocrine tumors (including carcinoids),Neuroendocrine tumors (including carcinoids)
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) start in cells in the stomach (or other parts of the digestive tract) that act like nerve cells in some ways and like hormone-making (endocrine) cells in others. ,Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) start in cells in the stomach (or other parts of the digestive tract) that act like nerve cells in some ways and like hormone-making (endocrine) cells in others. 
"Most NETs tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other organs, but some can grow and spread quickly. ","Most NETs tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other organs, but some can grow and spread quickly. "
NETs are discussed in more detail in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors .,NETs are discussed in more detail in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors .
Lymphomas,Lymphomas
These cancers start in immune system cells called lymphocytes. ,These cancers start in the cells that fight infection and protect the body (immune system cells) called lymphocytes. 
"Lymphomas usually start in other parts of the body, but some can start in the wall of the stomach. ","Lymphomas usually start in other parts of the body, but some can start in the wall of the stomach. "
The treatment and outlook for these cancers depend on the type of lymphoma and other factors. ,The treatment and outlook for these cancers depend on the type of lymphoma and other factors. 
"For more information, see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma .","For more information, see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ."
Other cancers,Other cancers
"Other types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, and leiomyosarcomas, can also start in the stomach, but these cancers are very rare.","Other types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, and leiomyosarcomas, can also start in the stomach, but these cancers are very rare."
Stomach (gastric) cancer is cancer that starts in the cells lining the stomach. ,Stomach (gastric) cancer is cancer that starts in the cells lining the stomach. 
The stomach is an organ on the left side of the upper abdomen that digests food. ,The stomach is an organ on the left side of the upper abdomen that digests food. 
"The stomach is part of the digestive tract, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. ","The stomach is part of the digestive tract, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. "
The digestive tract processes nutrients in foods that are eaten and helps pass waste material out of the body: >Food moves from the throat to the stomach through a tube called the esophagus. ,The digestive tract takes in nutrients in foods that are eaten and helps the body get rid of waste: >Food moves from the throat to the stomach through a tube called the esophagus. 
">After food enters the stomach, it is broken down by stomach muscles that mix the food and liquid with digestive juices. ",">After food goes into the stomach, it is broken down by stomach muscles that mix the food and liquid with digestive juices. "
">After leaving the stomach, partly digested food passes into the small intestine and then into the large intestine . > ",">After leaving the stomach, the food that is being broken down goes into the small intestine and then into the large intestine . > "
"The end of the large intestine, called the rectum, stores the waste from the digested food until it is pushed out of the anus during a bowel movement.","The end of the large intestine, called the rectum, stores the waste from the digested food until it is pushed out of the anus during a bowel movement."
Types of stomach cancer,Types of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the stomach begins in the mucus-producing cells in the innermost lining of the stomach. ,Adenocarcinoma of the stomach begins in the mucus-producing cells in the innermost lining of the stomach. 
Nearly all stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas . ,Nearly all stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas . 
"Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is divided into two main classes, depending on where it forms in the stomach: >Gastric cardia cancer begins in the top inch of the stomach, just below where it meets the esophagus. ","Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is divided into two main classes, depending on where it forms in the stomach: >Gastric cardia cancer begins in the top inch of the stomach, just below where it meets the esophagus. "
Most adenocarcinomas are found in the gastric cardia. ,Most adenocarcinomas are found in the gastric cardia. 
>Non-cardia gastric cancer is cancer that begins in all other sections of the stomach. ,>Non-cardia gastric cancer is cancer that begins in all other sections of the stomach. 
"Adenocarcinoma of the stomach also may be described as intestinal or diffuse, depending on how the cells look under a microscope: >Intestinal adenocarcinomas are well differentiated, meaning the cancer cells look similar to normal cells under a microscope. ","Adenocarcinoma of the stomach also may be described as intestinal or diffuse, depending on how the cells look under a microscope. >Intestinal adenocarcinomas look similar to normal cells under a microscope. This is called “well differentiated”. "
">Diffuse adenocarcinomas are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated, meaning the cancer cells look different from normal cells under a microscope. ",>Diffuse adenocarcinomas are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated.  This means the cancer cells do not look like normal cells under a microscope. 
Diffuse adenocarcinomas tend to grow and spread more quickly than the intestinal type and be harder to treat. ,Diffuse adenocarcinomas tend to grow and spread more quickly than the intestinal type and be harder to treat. 
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJ) is a cancer that forms in the area where the esophagus meets the gastric cardia. ,Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJ) is a cancer that forms in the area where the esophagus meets the gastric cardia. 
GEJ may be treated similarly to stomach cancer or esophageal cancer . ,GEJ may be treated like stomach cancer or esophageal cancer . 
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are cancers that begin in neuroendocrine cells (a type of cell that is like a nerve cell and a hormone-making cell) that line the gastrointestinal tract. ,Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are cancers that begin in neuroendocrine cells (a type of cell that is like a nerve cell and a hormone-making cell) that line the gastrointestinal tract. 
Neuroendocrine cells make hormones that help control digestive juices and the muscles used in moving food through the stomach and intestines. ,Neuroendocrine cells make hormones that help control digestive juices and the muscles used in moving food through the stomach and intestines. 
Learn about gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors . ,Learn about gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors . 
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) begin in nerve cells that are found in the wall of the stomach and other digestive organs. ,Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) begin in nerve cells that are found in the wall of the stomach and other digestive organs. 
GIST is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. ,GIST is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. 
Learn about gastrointestinal stromal tumors . ,Learn about gastrointestinal stromal tumors . 
Primary gastric lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that forms in the stomach. ,Primary gastric lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that forms in the stomach. 
Most primary gastric lymphomas are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) gastric lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach. ,Most primary gastric lymphomas are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue called “MALT” gastric lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach. 
"Rarely, other types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma , small cell carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma , can also begin in the stomach.","Rarely, other types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma , small cell carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma , can also begin in the stomach."
Learn more about stomach cancer,Learn more about stomach cancer
>Causes and Risk Factors,>Causes and Risk Factors
"The causes of stomach cancer are not known, but there are several risk factors that may increase your chance of stomach cancer.","The causes of stomach cancer are not known, but there are several risk factors that may increase your chance of stomach cancer."
Causes and Risk Factors,Causes and Risk Factors
"The causes of stomach cancer are not known, but there are several risk factors that may increase your chance of stomach cancer. ","The causes of stomach cancer are not known, but there are several risk factors that may increase your chance of stomach cancer. "
>SymptomsSymptoms of stomach cancer may include common conditions like indigestion and stomach pain. ,>Symptoms of stomach cancer may include common conditions like indigestion and stomach pain. 
Learn more to recognize early and advanced stomach cancer symptoms.,Learn more to recognize early and advanced stomach cancer symptoms.
Symptoms,Symptoms
Symptoms of stomach cancer may include common conditions like indigestion and stomach pain. ,Symptoms of stomach cancer may include common conditions like indigestion and stomach pain. 
Learn more to recognize early and advanced stomach cancer symptoms. ,Learn more to recognize early and advanced stomach cancer symptoms. 
>Screening,>Screening
There is no standard screening test for stomach cancer. ,There is no standard screening test for stomach cancer. 
Learn about tests being studied for stomach cancer screening.,Learn about tests being studied for stomach cancer screening.
Screening,Screening
>Diagnosing Stomach CancerLearn about the tests that are used to diagnose and stage stomach cancer.,>Diagnosing Stomach Cancer Learn about the tests that are used to diagnose and stage stomach cancer.
Diagnosing Stomach Cancer,Diagnosing Stomach Cancer
Learn about the tests that are used to diagnose and stage stomach cancer. ,Learn about the tests that are used to diagnose and stage stomach cancer. 
>Survival Rates and PrognosisLearn about stomach cancer survival rates and why this statistic doesn't predict exactly what will happen to you.,>Survival Rates and PrognosisLearn about stomach cancer survival rates and why this statistic doesn't predict exactly what will happen to you.
Survival Rates and Prognosis,Survival Rates and Prognosis
Learn about stomach cancer survival rates and why this statistic doesn't predict exactly what will happen to you.,Learn about stomach cancer survival rates and why this information doesn't predict exactly what will happen to you.
Stages,Stages
"Stage refers to the extent of your cancer, such as how large the tumor is and if it has spread. ","Stage refers to the extent of your cancer, such as how large the tumor is and if it has spread. "
"Learn about stomach cancer stages, an important factor in deciding your treatment plan.","Learn about stomach cancer stages, an important factor in deciding your treatment plan."
Treating Stomach Cancer,Treating Stomach Cancer
"Stomach cancer treatments can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and more. ","Stomach cancer treatments can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and more. "
Learn about the different ways stomach cancer can be treated.,Learn about the different ways stomach cancer can be treated.
Childhood Stomach Cancer,Childhood Stomach Cancer
Childhood stomach cancer is rare. ,Childhood stomach cancer is rare. 
"Learn about symptoms and risk factors for stomach cancer in children, and how it is diagnosed and treated.","Learn about symptoms and risk factors for stomach cancer in children, and how it is diagnosed and treated."
Coping with Stomach Cancer,Coping with Stomach Cancer
Certain aspects of stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment are of special concern. ,Certain aspects of stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment are of special concern. 
Gain a greater sense of control by knowing what to expect and what resources are available to help you cope.,Gain a greater sense of control by knowing what to expect and what resources are available to help you cope.