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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุงูููุงุกุงุช ุงููุงุชุช ุจุงู chapter
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3 ููุง ูุญูู ุนู ุงู trading in the stock markets ู
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ุฎุงุตุงู
ุงู trading ูู ุงู primary market ู ุงู
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secondary markets today we will talk about the
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bond trading ุงูุงุชุฌุงุฑ ุจุงูุณูุฏุงุช and the cost of the
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trading ู ุชูููุฉ ุงูุงุชุฌุงุฑุทุจุนุง ูุญูู ูู ุงูุจุฏุงูุฉ ุนู ุงู
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bond trading ุงู
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bond ุงููู ูู ุงูุณูุฏุงุช most of the bond are trading
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in the in the OTC markets OTC market OTC it's
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stand for over the counter market over the counter
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markets over-the-counter markets over-the-counter
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markets ูุนูู ุฃุณูุงู ุบูุฑ ูุธุงู
ูุฉ ูุนุทู ู
ุซุงู ุนูู ุณูู
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ูุธุงู
ู ุงููู ูู ุจุงู bond trading New York Stock
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Exchange ูู ููุน ู
ู ุงูุฃููุงู ุงููุธุงู
ูุฉ ูุนูู ุงูุจูุฑุตุฉ
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ุงูุนุงุฏูุฉ ุชุดูููุง ุฃู ุงูุณูู ุงูู
ุงูู ุงูุนุงุฏู ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู
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ุณูู ูุธุงู
ู ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุนู
ููุงุช ุจุชุชู
ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงูุณูู ุงูู
ุงูู
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ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ููุง over-the-counter ูุนูู ู
ุซูุงูู ูุงูุช
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ุงูุชุนููู
ุงุช ุจุชุญูู ุฃูู ุงูุตููุงุช ูู ุงูุณูู ุงูู
ุงูู ุงูุนุงุฏู
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ู
ุซูุง ูุดุชุฑู ู
ุถุงุนูุงุช ูุนุดุฑ ุชูุงู ุณูู
ุ the rounding of
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ten thousand stocks ุทุจ ูู ูุงู ุงุญูุง ุจุฏูุง ุชุณุนู
ูุฉ ู
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ุฎู
ุณูู ุณูู
ุ ู
ู ููู ูุฌูุจูู
ุ ู
ูุฑูุญ ุนูู ุงู over the
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counter marketsOkayุ ุฅุฐุง ุงูุณูู ุงูุนุงุฏู ุฃู ุงููุธุงู
ู
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ู
ุซู New York Stock Exchange ูู ุณูู ูุธุงู
ูุ ูู
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ุงูุนู
ููุงุช ููู standardุ ูุธุงู
ูุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงูููุงููู
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ูุงูุฃูุธู
ุฉover the counter market ุงูุนู
ู ุนุดุงู ูู
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small dealers or small investors they want to
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trade in the financial markets so to make the life
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easy for them ุนุดุงู ูุณูููุง ุญูุงุชูู
so they issue the
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O to C markets over the counter markets ูุฃูู ูุงุฒู
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ูุดุชุฑู ุงููุงุญุฏ ู
ุซูุง ุนุดุฑ ุชูุงู ุณูู
ูุงููู ู
ุนุงู ุจุณ ููู
ุฉ
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ุงู mobile ุงููู ุจูุญูู ู rate it okay
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ุจูุช ุซุงูู ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชูุชุญ ุงู mobile ููุงุฆู ู
ุง
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ุจุฏูุด ุฃุดูููุง ู
ู .. So the over the counter markets
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ูู ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูู ุณูู ุบูุฑ ูุธุงู
ู okay ุงูุณูู ุงูุบูุฑ
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ูุธุงู
ูุงูุนู
ููุงุช ุงููู ูุง ุชูุทุจู ุนูู ุงูุณูู ุงููุธุงู
ู
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ุจูุฑูุญูุง ููุงูุณููุง ุจุงูุณูู ุงูุบูุฑ ูุธุงู
ู ุงุนุทููุง ุจูุนู
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ุจุณูุท ุนูู how we trade this ุงู bond market ุณูู
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ุงูุณูุฏุงุช ุณูู ุงูุณูุฏุงุช ูุฐุง ุงูุณูู ุงูุณูุฏุงุ ูุฃ ู
ุด ุงูุณูู
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ุงูุณูุฏุง ูู it is organized ูุฐู ุจุชููู ู
ุฑุธู
ุฉ ููู ุจุนุถ
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ุงูุชุนููู
ุงุช ุงููู ู
ุง ุจุชูุทุจู ุนูู ุงูุณูู ุงูุนุงุฏู ุจุชุฑูุญ
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ุนูู ุงู OTC market ู ูุฐู one of the largest markets
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ุจูุนููุง ุงู nasdaqุงู OTC ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ุซุงู ุฅููุง ุงู ุฅูุดุ ุงู
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Nasdaqุ ู
ุนุฑููู ุงู Nasdaq one of the largest market
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in .. in .. in the worldุ ุฃูุจุฑ ุณูู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุฃุธู
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ุจูุฌู ุจุนุฏ New York Stock Exchangeุ ุจุนุฏ ุณูู New York
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ูุนุดุงู ููู ุงู bond market ูุชู
ุงูุงุชุฌุงุฑ ูููุง ูู ุงู
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OTC markets ุญุฏูุซุง ุงู ุฌุฏูุฏ ุงูุณููุงุช ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงู
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bond market ุตุงุฑ ุงู bond market is traded through
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the New York Stock Exchange ุทุจุนุง ุงุญูุง ูู ุงูุฃุณูุงู
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ุงูุณูู ุงูููุณุทููู ู
ุงููุด ุนูุฏู bond market ู
ุงููุด ุนูุฏู
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ุฃุณูุงู ุณูุฏุงุช ููู ูู ูู ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุซูุง ูู ุฏุจู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฏูู
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ูู ุนูุฏูู
ุฃุณูุงู ุณูุฏุงุช okay
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comparing with the stock market, the bond market
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is very thinุ thin ูุนูู ู
ุญุฏูุฏุ ูุนูู ุงู stock
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market is heavily traded, however the bond market
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is a thin tradedุ ูุนูู ุงูุงุชุฌุงุฑ ููู ุถุนููููุด ุงู bond
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market ุงูุณูุฏุงุชุ ููุด ุชุตุจุญ ุถุนููุ because the trading
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on the bond market is limited to the corporations
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and governments ูุฃูู ุงูุงุชุฌุงุฑ ูู ุณูู ุงูุณูุฏุงุช ููุท
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ู
ุญุฏูุฏ ููุดุฑูุงุช ูููุญููู
ุฉ ูู
ุนูุงู ููุงู
ุงู individuals
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they cannot access this market ู
ูุฏุฑูุด ุงูู ูุนู
ููุง
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trade ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุณูู
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ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ุฃุฌุฏูุฏ ุงู New York Stock Exchange ุทุจุนุง
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ูู ูู is secondary market is expanding its bond
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trading system ุงููู ุตุงุฑูุง ูุชูุณุนูุง ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุจูุน ู
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ุดุฑุงุก ุงูุณูุฏุงุช ููู ุจุงูุฃุณุงุณ ูุงู ูู ุงู Nasdaq is
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dominated this marketุจุนุฏ New York Stock Exchange
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ุตุงุฑ ุจุฑุถู ุณูู ุดููุงุฌู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูุฃุฎุฑู ุงู euro market
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euro next ูููู
ุตุงุฑูุง ูุดุชุบููุง ูู ุงู bond markets
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New York Stock Exchange now after the expansion
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after the expansion, New York Stock Exchange bonds
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is the largest centralized bond market of any US
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exchange ุจุนุฏ ุงูุชูุณุน ุงููู ุนู
ูููุง ูู ุงูุชุณููู ููุณูุฏุงุช
74
00:05:51,750 --> 00:05:55,290
ุฃุตุจุญ New York Stock Exchange ูู ุฃูุจุฑ ุณูู ุณูุฏุงุช ูู
75
00:05:55,290 --> 00:06:01,870
ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ูุฐุง
76
00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:06,570
ุงูุชุทูุฑ ูู ุงู bond trading market
77
00:06:10,760 --> 00:06:14,000
ูุฑุฌุน ูุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ู ุจุณ ูุนูู ุชุงุฎุฏูุง ูุธุฑุฉ
78
00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:18,540
ุนููุง ูู ุนูุฏูุง London Stock Exchange and London
79
00:06:18,540 --> 00:06:21,620
Stock Exchange is electronic markets ุณูู ุฅููุชุฑููู
80
00:06:21,620 --> 00:06:29,120
ููู ุจุงู .. ุจุงู stocks ู ุจุงู bonds ุงูุณูู ุณูุฏุงุช ู
81
00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:34,160
ุญูููุง ุนู ุงู Euronext ุงู Euronext markets ูุฐุง ุงู
82
00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:40,050
Euronext ุจุฏูู
ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุฃุณูุงู ู
ุน ุจุนุถูุนูู ูู ุณูู ู
ู
83
00:06:40,050 --> 00:06:44,330
ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุฃุณูุงู ุฅูุด ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงููู ุจุถู
ูุง ุจุงุฑูุณ ู
84
00:06:44,330 --> 00:06:48,030
Amsterdam and Brussels exchange ูููู
ูุนูู ูู ุฅุญูุง
85
00:06:48,030 --> 00:06:52,610
ุจูุนู
ู ุงุชุฌุงุฑ ูู ุฃู ุณูู ู
ู ูุฏูู ุฃุณูุงู okay ุงู euro
86
00:06:52,610 --> 00:06:56,530
next ูู ุงููู ุจููุฐ ุงูุนู
ููุงุช ุงููู ุจุชุชู
ูู ุจุงุฑูุณ ูู
87
00:06:56,530 --> 00:07:01,530
Amsterdam and Brussels ู ุจุนุฏูู ุงููู ุตุงุฑ ุงูููู
ูู
ุงู
88
00:07:01,530 --> 00:07:04,910
ู ุงูู
ุฑุฉ ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ ุณุฃููุง ุณุคุงู why the prices moving
89
00:07:04,910 --> 00:07:11,130
together ูุฃูู ุตุงุฑ ูู mergingbetween the some euros
90
00:07:11,130 --> 00:07:14,990
markets and united states markets ูุนูู ุตุงุฑ ุงูุฏู
ุงุฌ
91
00:07:14,990 --> 00:07:18,970
ุฃู ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูุฃูุฑูุจูุฉ ู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุณูุงู
92
00:07:18,970 --> 00:07:23,330
ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ูุนูู ุฒู ู
ุง ุตุงุฑ ูู ุฏู
ุฌ ุจูู euronext ู ุจูู
93
00:07:23,330 --> 00:07:27,620
ุงู New York Stock Exchangeููุฐุง ุงู damage ุตุงุฑ ุฅูู
94
00:07:27,620 --> 00:07:32,680
ุฅุญูุง ูู ุจูุงุฑูุด ุฃู ุณูู
ุฃู ุฃู ุณูุฏ ู
ู .. ู
ู ุฃูุฑูุจุง
95
00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:36,280
ู
ู
ูู ูุดุชุฑูู ู
ู ุงูุจูุงุฏ ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ okay ุตุงุฑ
96
00:07:36,280 --> 00:07:39,540
ุงู .. ุงู companies listed in the United States the
97
00:07:39,540 --> 00:07:41,640
same companies listed in the .. in European
98
00:07:41,640 --> 00:07:46,740
countries markets ููุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ูู ุชุฏุงุฎู ูู ุงูุฃุณูุงู
99
00:07:46,740 --> 00:07:51,940
ุงููุงุฌูู ูููุง ูู
ุงู ู
ู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงููููุฉ Tokyo Stock
100
00:07:51,940 --> 00:07:54,960
Exchange Tokyo Stock Exchange ู
ู ุฃููู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ูู
101
00:07:54,960 --> 00:08:00,300
ู
ูุทูุฉ ุฃุณูุงุชูููู ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ุงู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ูุฐู
102
00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:05,540
ุงูุด ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูู ุจูุนู
ููุง merging ู .. ู .. ู .. ู
103
00:08:05,540 --> 00:08:09,140
ุจูููู ูู 24 hours trading ูู ุงุญูุง ู
ุดููุง ู
ุน ุนูุงุฑ
104
00:08:09,140 --> 00:08:13,210
ุจุงูุณุงุนุฉูู ู
ุดููุง ู
ุน ุฃูุงุฑุจ ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ูุดูู ูุงูุฃุณูุงู
105
00:08:13,210 --> 00:08:17,970
ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ูู ูุฏู ุชู
ุดู ู
ุน ุฃูุงุฑุจ ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุงูููู
ุงูุณุงุนุฉ
106
00:08:17,970 --> 00:08:20,570
ุงูุตุจุงุญ ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุชู
ุงููุฉ ุงูุตุจุญ ุจุชุดุฑู ุงูุดู
ุณ ุนูู ุขุณูุง
107
00:08:20,570 --> 00:08:24,990
ุตุญุ ุฃูู ู
ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงูุดู
ุณ ุชุดุฑู ู
ู ู
ูุทูุฉ ุขุณูุง ุงูุตูู
108
00:08:24,990 --> 00:08:29,450
ูุงููุงุจุงู ูุจุชููู ุชููุชู ููุงุชุญ ูุนูู ู
ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุงุชูุงุดุฑ
109
00:08:29,450 --> 00:08:36,210
ูู ุงูููู ุงุญูุง ุจุชูููุช ููุณุทูู ูุชู
ุงููุฉ ุตุจุงุญ ุชูููุชูุง
110
00:08:36,210 --> 00:08:40,300
ุจุชููู ู
ูุทูุฉ ุขุณูุง ุจุชูุชุญ ุณูู ุจุณููOkay ูุงุญุฏุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ
111
00:08:40,300 --> 00:08:44,480
ูุนูู ูู ุณุงุนุฉ ุชูุชุญูุง ุณูู ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงูุฏููุง ู
ุงุดูุฉ ู
ู .. ู
ู
112
00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:48,380
ูุงุณู ูุนูู ูู ุงุญูุง ุจูู
ุดู ูุฐุง ุงูุดู
ุณ ู ุจุชู
ุดู ุงูุดู
ุณ
113
00:08:48,380 --> 00:08:53,780
ุจูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ูุงู okay ูุจุชูุงุจููุง ุงู Japan okay
114
00:08:53,780 --> 00:08:57,660
ุจุนุฏูู ุจุชู
ุดู ุจุชูุชุญ China and and so on ุจุนุฏูู ุชุฏุฎู
115
00:08:57,660 --> 00:09:01,380
ุนูู ุงู middle eastูู ุงู middle east ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงูุณุงุนุฉ
116
00:09:01,380 --> 00:09:06,040
ุชู
ุงููุฉ ุชูุชุญ ุงูุฏููุง ุตุญ ุงููู ูู eight ุทุจุนุง ูุงู ุงู
117
00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:08,900
middle east ูุฃูู
ุณูู ูู ุงู middle east ูู ุณูู ุฏุจู
118
00:09:08,900 --> 00:09:13,860
ุงู ุณูู .. ุณูู ุฏุจูุ ุณูู ูุทุฑุ ุงูุจุญุฑููุ ุงูุฃูุณูุฏุฑูุง ู
119
00:09:13,860 --> 00:09:20,060
ูุงูุฑู ูุนู
ุงูุ ูุฏูู ุฃุณูุงู ุจุชูุชุญ ูุนูู ูุฑุง ุจุนุถู ุงุฐุง
120
00:09:20,060 --> 00:09:24,500
ุงุญูุง we moving ู ุชุจุถููุง ู
ุงุดููู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุตุจุงุญ
121
00:09:24,500 --> 00:09:28,140
ุทูููุชูุง ุจุฑุถู ุจุชูุชุญ ุชุจูู ุฒู ูุชุญ ุฃูุฑูุจุง ุชู
ุดู ุงูุดู
ุณ
122
00:09:28,140 --> 00:09:33,140
ุนุดุงู ุชุดุฑู ุนูู ุฃูุฑูุจุง ุจุชุจูู ุจููุฏู ูุฑุงููููุฑุช ุจุงุฑูุณ
123
00:09:33,140 --> 00:09:38,380
ููู ุจูู
ุดู ู
ุนุงูู
ุจุนุฏูู again ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูู ุญูููุง
124
00:09:38,380 --> 00:09:42,140
ุงุญูุง ู
ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุงุชูุงุด ุชู
ุงููุฉ ู
ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุชู
ุงููุฉ ูุณุงุนุฉ
125
00:09:42,140 --> 00:09:49,330
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูุจุฏู ุงู middle east plus Europe ู ุฃูุฑูุจุงุดุฑู
126
00:09:49,330 --> 00:09:53,730
ุงูุฃูุณุท ูุฃูุฑูุจุง ู
ุงุดููู ุนูู ุฎุทูุท ู
ุชุณุงูู ุจุนุฏูู ู
ู
127
00:09:53,730 --> 00:09:59,950
ุงูุณูุน 4 ู
ูู ุจุฏู ู
ูุชุงุญุiso united states ู
ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ
128
00:09:59,950 --> 00:10:02,990
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูุจุฏู ูุนูุฏ ุงูุณุงุนุฉ ุงุชูุงุด ุฃุณูุงู ุงูููุงูุงุช
129
00:10:02,990 --> 00:10:06,490
ุงูู
ุชุงุญุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ููุฏุง ู ุงูู
ูุณูู ู ุงูุฏูู ุฃู
ุฑููุง
130
00:10:06,490 --> 00:10:10,730
ุงูุดู
ุงููุฉ ู ุฃู
ุฑููุง ุงูุฌููุจูุฉ okay ูุจุตูุฑ .. ุจุตูุฑ ููู
131
00:10:10,730 --> 00:10:14,530
ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ูููุง ุจุชููู ูู ูุงุชุญุฉ twenty four
132
00:10:14,530 --> 00:10:18,050
hours ูุนุดุงู ููู ุจุญุชุงุฌูุง ูุนู
ููุง merging ุจูู ุงูุฃุณูุงู
133
00:10:18,050 --> 00:10:20,870
ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุนุดุงู ู
ุงูุตูุฑุด ูู fluctuation ุจุงูุงุณุนุงุฑ ูุนูู
134
00:10:20,870 --> 00:10:27,520
ููุฃ ู
ุซูุง ุจ .. ุจุณุชุทูุน ุฃุดุฑู ู
ุซูุง ุงู IBM ู
ู ุฏุจูุญุชู
135
00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:29,660
even the stock market .. the New York stock
136
00:10:29,660 --> 00:10:33,600
exchange is closed then if the New York stock
137
00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:38,740
exchange is closed I can buy and trade in Japan so
138
00:10:38,740 --> 00:10:42,120
because most of companies listed in different
139
00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:47,020
markets ูุนูู ู
ุซููุง ุฅู ูุงู ุดุฑูุฉ ุจุงูุชู ุงูุดุฑูุฉ
140
00:10:47,020 --> 00:10:49,580
ุงูุฅุชุตุงูุงุช ุงูููุณุทูููุฉ ูุงูุช ูู ุนุงู
ุฉ dual listing ู
ุน
141
00:10:49,580 --> 00:10:54,680
ุฏุจู ููุงู ู
ู
ูู ูุนู
ู trade ูู ููุณุทูู ู trade ูู ุฏุจู
142
00:10:55,510 --> 00:10:58,490
ูุฒู ู
ุง ุชุดุงูููู ููู ุงู financial market is moving
143
00:10:58,490 --> 00:11:04,070
according to the sunrise ูุนูู ุจุชู
ุดู ุญุณุจ ุดุฑูู ุงูุดู
ุณ
144
00:11:04,070 --> 00:11:07,490
ุนุดุงู ููู ูุฏูู ุงู dealers ุจูููููุง ุงู financial
145
00:11:07,490 --> 00:11:11,570
market is open 24 hours ุดุบุงูุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ
146
00:11:14,380 --> 00:11:17,440
Okay ูุนุดุงู ููู ุงุญูุง ุจูุญูู ุนู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุฏูู
147
00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:20,000
ุถุฑูุฑู ุชุนุฑููุง ุญุชู ูููุงุณ ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบููุง ุจุงู .. ุจุงู
148
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:22,900
investments they have to know what is going in
149
00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:25,380
London Stock Exchange, what is going in Euronext,
150
00:11:25,540 --> 00:11:29,180
in Tokyo, in .. in Nasdaq, in .. in Dubai, in
151
00:11:29,180 --> 00:11:34,400
Cairo, in all of these countries, even Nigeria you
152
00:11:34,400 --> 00:11:38,900
have to know ุญุชู ูู ููุฌูุฑุง ูู ุนูุฏูู
ุณููุฎููู ูู
153
00:11:38,900 --> 00:11:42,120
ููุฌูุฑูุง ู ููุฌูุฑูุง ุชูุณูุด ุงูู ุงููู ุตุงุฑ ูู
154
00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:46,380
developments ูุจูุฑ ุตุงุฑูุง ู .. ุงููู ูู ููุชุฌูุง ุซุงูุซ
155
00:11:46,380 --> 00:11:51,440
ุฃูุจุฑ ุณููู
ุง ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูููู
ุฃูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ูููููุฏ ู
156
00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:56,760
ุชุงููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงููู ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุฅูุฏูุง ูููููุฏ ู ุจุนุฏูู
157
00:11:56,760 --> 00:12:01,900
ูููููุฏุ ูููููุฏ ูุตุงุฑูุง ูู attract for big
158
00:12:01,900 --> 00:12:05,080
investments in ููุฌูุฑูุงูุนูู ุตุงุฑุช ููุฌูุฑูุง ุชุนู
ู
159
00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:07,900
attracting ูู big investments ู ุนูุฏูู
ุฃุณูุงู ู
ุงููุฉ
160
00:12:07,900 --> 00:12:11,160
ุจุฑุถู ุจุชุทูุฑูุง ูู South Africaุ ูู ุฌููุจ ุฃูุฑูููุง ู ูู
161
00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:16,240
ููุฌูุฑูุง ูุนุดุงู ููู ูููุณ ุงู ุงู .. to take your eye
162
00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:21,260
in all of these markets
163
00:12:21,260 --> 00:12:25,460
ุงู New York .. New York Stock Exchange measures
164
00:12:25,460 --> 00:12:30,670
and acquisitionsุณูู New York ุตุงุฑ ูุนู
ู ูุชูุฑ
165
00:12:30,670 --> 00:12:35,150
managingุ ุณูุทุฑุฉ ูุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ู
166
00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:39,370
acquisitions ู ูู
ุงู ูู
ุชูู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุณูุงูุ ูุนูู ู
ุด ุจุณ
167
00:12:39,370 --> 00:12:44,790
damageุ ูู
ุงู ุงู
ุชูุงู ูุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุณูุงูุทุจุนุง ุนู
ููุฉ ุงู
168
00:12:44,790 --> 00:12:48,130
damage ุจุชุชู
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู ACN ุฃูุง ู
ูุถุญุชุด ู
ุนูุงู ุงู ACN
169
00:12:48,130 --> 00:12:51,450
ุงููู ูู Electronic Communication Networks ูุนูู
170
00:12:51,450 --> 00:12:54,550
ุนู
ููุฉ .. ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุฑุงุจุท ุงูุฅููุชุฑููู you don't need to
171
00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:57,010
move the market from place to another you just
172
00:12:57,010 --> 00:13:00,850
connect the market in a particular computer
173
00:13:00,850 --> 00:13:05,660
networkูุตุงุฑูุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ุงู ECMุ ูู
ุงู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ุงููู
174
00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:08,060
.. ุงููู ุนู
ููุง damage ู
ุน ุงู American Stock
175
00:13:08,060 --> 00:13:11,080
Exchangeุ most of the American Stock Exchange is
176
00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:12,960
merging with the .. with the New York Stock
177
00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:16,200
Exchangeุ ูู
ุงู ุนู
ููุง damage ู
ุน ุงู Euronextุ
178
00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:18,940
Euronext ุงููู ุญูููุง ูููุง ุงููู ูู ุฃุณูุงู ุฃูุฑูุจุงุ
179
00:13:18,940 --> 00:13:20,240
ุงููู ุจุชุงุฎุฏูู ุจุงุฑูุณ ู ุฃู
ุณุชุฑุฏุงู
180
00:13:23,830 --> 00:13:26,890
Okay ุฃุณุชุงุฐุ ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุฏู
ุฌ ููุง ููุณูุง ููุณุช ุถุงุจุท
181
00:13:26,890 --> 00:13:32,050
ุฅููุชุฑูููุ ูุฃุ ุงูุถุงุจุท ุงูุฅููุชุฑููู ูู ููุน ุฃู ุฎููููู
182
00:13:32,050 --> 00:13:36,950
ุฃุญูู ุฃูู ูุณููุฉ ูุณุงูุฉ ุฃู okay ูุญุชู ูู ุณูู ุงู ACN
183
00:13:36,950 --> 00:13:40,530
ูู
ุงู ูู ู
ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงู New York Stock Exchange
184
00:13:40,530 --> 00:13:44,010
ุฅูุด ูุนูู ุงู ACNุ ุงู ACN ูู Electronic
185
00:13:44,010 --> 00:13:48,690
Communication Networks among the dealers ุจูู ุงู
186
00:13:48,690 --> 00:13:52,290
dealers ููุณูู
ู New York Stock Exchange ุนุดุงู ุงูุชูุง
187
00:13:52,290 --> 00:13:55,110
ุจุนุฑูุด I don't know you read when you go home or
188
00:13:55,110 --> 00:13:59,450
not the New York Stock Exchange is specialist
189
00:13:59,450 --> 00:14:06,710
markets however the the ACM is dealer markets so
190
00:14:06,710 --> 00:14:08,990
the New York New York Stock Exchange is merging
191
00:14:08,990 --> 00:14:12,460
with two different types of marketsthe dealer
192
00:14:12,460 --> 00:14:15,000
market and the specialist market ูุนูู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ
193
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,840
ุฏู
ุฌ ุจูู ููุนูู ู
ุฎุชูููู ุงู New York Stock Exchange
194
00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:21,400
ูู ุณูู .. ุณูู specialist ู ุฑุณู
ูุงูููุง ุงูุฑุณู
ุฉ ููู ุงู
195
00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:26,820
.. ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุฑูู ูู
ุง ุฑุณู
ูุง ุงูุฑุณู
ุฉ ูุฐู okay ู ุญูููุง
196
00:14:26,820 --> 00:14:30,440
ุฅูู ูู seats ููุง ู ูู dealers dealers okay ู
197
00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:33,140
ุจูุชุนุงู
ููุง ู
ุน ุงููุงุณ ุงู specialists ุงููู ููู ูุตุงุฑ
198
00:14:33,140 --> 00:14:37,340
ุนู
ููุฉ ุฏู
ุฌ ูุฐู ุจูุณู
ููู
ECMs ูุฃู ุงูุจุฑุจุท ุจููุงุชูู
ูู
199
00:14:37,340 --> 00:14:39,680
ูุธุงู
ุงู ECMs ุงู ECMs ุงููู ูู Electronic
200
00:14:39,680 --> 00:14:43,600
Communication Networksุดุจูุงุช ุฅููุชุฑูููุฉ ู ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู
201
00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:46,600
dealers ููุณูู
ููุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู dealer markets ู ุญูููุง
202
00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:48,840
ูุฐุง New York Stock Exchange specialist markets
203
00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:55,220
ูุตุงุฑ ุนููู ุงูุฏู
ุฌ ุจูู ุงูุณูููู ุตุงุฑ ููู ุชูุงู
ู ุจูู ุฏูุฑ
204
00:14:55,220 --> 00:14:58,340
ุงู dealers markets ู ุจูู ุฏูุฑ ุงู specialist markets
205
00:14:59,650 --> 00:15:03,270
ูู
ุงู ุตุงุฑ ูู
ุงู ู
ุน ุงู euro next markets ุงู euro next
206
00:15:03,270 --> 00:15:08,210
ูู ุฃุณูุงู ุฃูุฑูุจุง ู ุจุงูุชุงูู ุตุงุฑ ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ุงุญูุง ูุนูู
207
00:15:08,210 --> 00:15:11,070
ู
ุซูุง ุดุฑูุฉ ุจุฏุฃ ุชุนู
ู underwriting ุดุฑูุฉ ุจุฏุฃ ุชุนู
ู
208
00:15:11,070 --> 00:15:14,710
expansion ูู
ู
ูู ุชุนู
ู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู euro next market ู
209
00:15:14,710 --> 00:15:20,910
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู New York Stock Exchangeูุงุดูููุง ูุงู
ููุฉ
210
00:15:20,910 --> 00:15:24,710
ูุฐู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุจุชุตูุฑ ูุจู ุงูุงูุฏู
ุงุฌ ูุงู
ูู ูููุฉ ู ุจุนุฏ
211
00:15:24,710 --> 00:15:31,170
ุงูุงูุฏู
ุงุฌ ูุงู
ูู ูุชููู ูููุฉ ูุฃุณูุงู ู
ููุงุฑุงุช ุฏููุงุฑุงุช
212
00:15:31,170 --> 00:15:36,870
ู
ููุงุฑุงุช transactions ุชู
ุงูุดุบู ูููู
ุงู nasdaq ุฒู ู
ุง
213
00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:39,750
ุญูููุง ุงู nasdaq ุจุฑุถู ุตุงุฑ ูู mergers and
214
00:15:39,750 --> 00:15:44,510
acquisitionุทุจุนุง ุงููุงุณ ุฏู ุงูุชุณูุด ูู ุณูู Dealers
215
00:15:44,510 --> 00:15:49,370
ุจุฑุถู ูู ุจูุดุจู ุงู ACN's ููู ูู OTC over the counter
216
00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:54,770
ูุนูู ูู OTC ูู
ุงู ุณูู ุบูุฑ ูุธุงู
ุตุญูุญ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ damage
217
00:15:54,770 --> 00:15:59,430
ุจูู ุงู Instant Inet ACN ูู ููุน ู
ู ุฃููุงุน ุงูุฃุณูุงู
218
00:15:59,430 --> 00:16:04,370
ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง Instant Instant Net ู Boston Stock
219
00:16:04,370 --> 00:16:09,580
Exchange Boston ุจุฑุถู ู
ู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุงููููุฉูุงู
220
00:16:09,580 --> 00:16:13,400
ุฃุตุญู ููู ุฏู
ุฌ ูู Chicagoุ Chicago ูู ู
ู ุฃูุจุฑ
221
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:17,240
ุงูุฃุณูุงู ูู ุงู .. ุงู futuresุ ูุงูุช .. ุฃูุง ุฃุธู ูู
ูู
222
00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:19,460
ุงู site ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู New York Stock Exchangeุ Chicago
223
00:16:19,460 --> 00:16:22,640
ูุงูุช ู
ู ุฃููู ุงูุฃุณูุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุงููู ูู ูุงูุช ุชุชุนุงู
ู
224
00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,140
ู
ุน ุงู futures ู ุงู options ู ุงู .. ู ุงู forwards
225
00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:30,060
ุงููู ูู ุงู derivatives ุงููู ูู ุจูุฑุตุฉ Chicagoุจุฑุถู
226
00:16:30,060 --> 00:16:33,580
ุตุงุฑ ูู .. ุจุฑุถู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุงุฌ ูู Chicago Board of
227
00:16:33,580 --> 00:16:36,580
Trade ู New York Stock Exchange ุดูููุง ููู ุงู .. ุงู
228
00:16:36,580 --> 00:16:39,180
.. ุงู .. ุงุญูุง ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุงูุง I'm stressed point ููุง
229
00:16:39,180 --> 00:16:43,200
ุดูููุง ุฃูุฑูุจุง ูุงู ุจุนูุฏุฉ ุนู United States ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู
230
00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:46,660
ูุญุชุงุฌ ุงุญูุง eighteen hours flight ุชู
ูุชุงุดุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ
231
00:16:46,660 --> 00:16:50,260
ูุณุงูุฑ ุนุดุงู to go from the European countries to
232
00:16:50,260 --> 00:16:53,900
the United States however we don't need to flight
233
00:16:53,900 --> 00:16:57,430
in some places between the Arab countriesSo why
234
00:16:57,430 --> 00:17:00,530
there is no merging and acquisitions between the
235
00:17:00,530 --> 00:17:04,330
Arab markets or Arab stock marketsุ ูุนูู ุฎูุงูู ุฃูุง
236
00:17:04,330 --> 00:17:07,430
ุจุฑุถู ูุทุฑุญ ูุฐุง ุงูุณุคุงู ููุด ู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑุด ุฏู
ุฌ ุฑุบู
ุฃูู ูู
237
00:17:07,430 --> 00:17:13,590
ุฏูู ุจุนูุฏุฉ ุนู ุจุนุถุ ุฏูู ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ ูููู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู
238
00:17:13,590 --> 00:17:17,390
ุงูุฏู
ุงุฌ ุจูููู
ูุฏูู ู
ุชุฌุงูุฑุฉ ูู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑุด ููู damage
239
00:17:17,390 --> 00:17:26,040
ุจูููู
ุงูู trading cost ุงู trading cost ููู ูุญุณุจ ูู
ุง
240
00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:31,300
ุงุญูุง ุจุฏูุง ูุชุงุฌุฑ ูู ุงูุณูู ุงูู
ุงูู ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
ุฑุฉ ุงูุฃููู
241
00:17:31,300 --> 00:17:33,360
ุงููู ุญููุช when you are trading in the financial
242
00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:36,480
market you have to bear the cost ูุงุฒู
ุชุชุญู
ู ุงู
243
00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:40,540
cost one of these cost is the cost of trading or
244
00:17:40,540 --> 00:17:44,400
the explicit cost of trading for instance
245
00:17:52,030 --> 00:17:55,590
ูู
ุง ุจูุฌู ูุญูู ุณุนุฑ ุงู bid and ask ุดุฑุญูุง ูููุง ูุนูู
246
00:17:55,590 --> 00:18:00,070
ุงูู
ุฑุฉ ุงูุชุงูุช okay and we talk if this price 17 and
247
00:18:00,070 --> 00:18:05,230
this price is 17.40 ูุญูููุง from the from the
248
00:18:05,230 --> 00:18:09,170
dealer perspective the spread is profit but from
249
00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:12,030
the investor perspective the spread is the cost
250
00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:16,240
ูุนูู ุญูููุง ุงุญูุง ู
ุฑุฉ ุณุงุจูุฉ ุงูู ูุงู ุฃุณุนุงุฑ ุงูุจูุน ู
251
00:18:16,240 --> 00:18:19,960
ุงูุดุฑุงุก ูู ู
ุง ุงู dealer ุจูุณุน ุณุนุฑ ุงูุจูุน ู ุงูุดุฑุงุก
252
00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:23,700
ุงููุฑู ุจูููู
ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงูุฑุจุญ ุชุจุนู ููู ูู ุงู .. ูู ููุณ
253
00:18:23,700 --> 00:18:26,980
ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ูู ู
ุง ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงู spread ูู ู
ุง ุงู
254
00:18:26,980 --> 00:18:32,200
cost ูุนูู ุงูุชูุงููู ุนูู ุงู investor ุจุชุฒูุฏ ููุง ุงู
255
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:37,730
cost ุจุชุญู
ู ุงู investors ุจุชุญู
ู ููุนูู ู
ู ุงู costุงููู
256
00:18:37,730 --> 00:18:40,250
ูู ุงู cost of trading ูุงููู ุงูุฅุชุฌุงุฑ ููุณูุง ุงู
257
00:18:40,250 --> 00:18:44,230
commission plus ุงููู ูู transaction cost ูููุฉ
258
00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:47,530
ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ูุนูู ุงููุฑู ุจูู ุงู bid ู ุงู ask split ูุนูู
259
00:18:47,530 --> 00:18:54,250
ูู ุนููุงู ู
ู ุงู .. ู
ู ุงู cost ุงูููุน
260
00:18:54,250 --> 00:18:59,030
ุงูุฃูู ุฎูููุงูุง explicit cost of trading okay ุงููู
261
00:18:59,030 --> 00:19:02,390
ูู cost of trading explicit ุจุชููู ูุงุถุญุฉ ู ูููู
262
00:19:02,390 --> 00:19:05,890
ู
ุนุฑููุฉ ู ุงู full services versus discount
263
00:19:05,890 --> 00:19:10,130
brokeragesุงููู ูู ุงูุฎุฏู
ุงุช ุงููู ุจููุฏู
ูุง ุงู .. ุงู ..
264
00:19:10,130 --> 00:19:13,530
ุงููุณุทุงุก ุงูุฎุฏู
ุงุช ุงููู ุจููุฏู
ูุง ุงููุณุทุงุก ุจูุญุชุงุฌูุง
265
00:19:13,530 --> 00:19:17,950
ุนู
ููุงุช ุงู ุงูู ุงุดูุงุก ููู
ูุฑุดูุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ูู ุชูู ุงูุนู
ููุงุช
266
00:19:17,950 --> 00:19:21,790
ุงููู ุจูุฌูุจ ุนูููุง ุงู ููุฃ explicit cost of trading
267
00:19:21,790 --> 00:19:26,310
ูุนูู ูุงู ูู ูุฐู ุจุชููู ุชูุงููู ู
ุซูุง ูุญูู ูู
ุง ุงูุช ุจุฏู
268
00:19:26,310 --> 00:19:30,750
ุชุฏุฎู ุงูุณูู ุงู buy ู ุงู sell ุงููุณูุท ุจูุงุฎุฏ ุนูููุง
269
00:19:30,750 --> 00:19:37,070
commission ู
ุนููOkay ูุฐุง ุงู commission ู
ู ููู
ุฉ
270
00:19:37,070 --> 00:19:40,090
ุงูุตููุฉ ุฒู ู
ุง ุนูุฏูุง ูู ุณูู ููุณุทูู ุฃูุฑุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ูู
271
00:19:40,090 --> 00:19:43,870
ุณูู ููุณุทูู ุฃูุฑุงู ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุจูุงุฎุฏูุง commission ูุฐุง ุงู
272
00:19:43,870 --> 00:19:47,230
commission ู
ุด ุจุณ ูู .. ูู .. ูู broker ูู
ุงู ุจุชุฑูุญ
273
00:19:47,230 --> 00:19:52,190
ุฌุฒุก ู
ููุง ููุณูู ุงูู
ุงูู okay ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ูู spread ุงููู
274
00:19:52,190 --> 00:19:57,390
ุญูููุง ููู ุงููู ูู ุงููุฑู ุจูู ุงู bid ู ุงู askู ููุดูู
275
00:19:57,390 --> 00:20:01,510
ูู
ุงู ุดููุฉ ุฃููุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ู ุงู cost ู
ู
ูู ูุชุญู
ููุง ู
276
00:20:01,510 --> 00:20:06,050
trader ุทุจุนุง it is implicit cost of trading ูู
277
00:20:06,050 --> 00:20:10,290
ุจุชููู ุบูุฑ ุธุงูุฑุฉ ูู
ุง ุฃูุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงู spreads ุจุชููู
278
00:20:10,290 --> 00:20:12,570
implicit ุฃูุด ู
ุนูุงู implicit ุจุชููู ูู ุฎููุฉ
279
00:20:12,570 --> 00:20:18,450
ู
ุงุจูุดูููุงุด ูุนูู ููุฃ ู
ุซูุง ููุดูู ูู ุงุญูุง ุจูุดุชุฑู
280
00:20:18,450 --> 00:20:23,330
ูุดุชุฑู
281
00:20:23,330 --> 00:20:25,050
ู
ุซูุง ุณูู
282
00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:37,920
ุจุนุฏูู
ููุชุฑุถ ููุชุฑุถ ูุงู 2.5 2.55 ุงู ุงู spread ูุงู
ุงู
283
00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:42,620
spread ูู 0.05 ู
ุธุจูุท ุงู spread ูู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ูุฐู cost
284
00:20:42,620 --> 00:20:47,960
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู investors ููุด costุ ูู ูู ุงุดุชุฑู ุงุดุชุฑู
285
00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:52,720
ุงูุณูู
ุนุดุชูู ุนูู 2.55 ุตุญุ ูู
ุง ุจุฏููุง ูุจูุนูุง ุจูุจูุนูุง
286
00:20:52,720 --> 00:21:00,330
ุนูู 2.5 ูุจูุฎุณุฑูุง 0.5ุงูุงู ุงู traders ุงู ุงู dealers
287
00:21:00,330 --> 00:21:03,570
ู
ู
ูู ูุฑูุญ ููุณุน ุงู ..
288
00:21:06,820 --> 00:21:10,520
ููุณุนูุง ุงู spread ููุฐุง implicit ุจูุณู
ูู ูุนูู ู
ุด ูุงุถุญ
289
00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:15,320
ุจูููู ูู investors ูู
ูู ุงูุชูุง ุงููู ุนุฑูุชู ุจุณ ุงู
290
00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:17,620
other investors they don't know about these things
291
00:21:17,620 --> 00:21:21,840
ู
ู
ูู ู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ู
ุงุจูููู ุฎููุฉ ู ุจุนุฏูู ูุงู ุจูุฏุฃุณ ุงู
292
00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:24,760
spread ูุงุถุญ ูููู ุจุณ ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุดุบูุงุช ู
ู
ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง
293
00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,960
ุงู dealer ู
ุงุจููููุด ูุงุถุญุฉ ูุฏูุด ุตุงุฑ ุงููุฑู ุจูู ุงุชูู
294
00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:32,720
point 10 ุจููุงุญุธ ูู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ูุณุนูุง ุงู spread ูู ู
ุง
295
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,560
ูุงู ุงู costุงุฑุชูุนุช ูุนูู ูู ุงู cost ู
ุฎูุถุฉ ูู ุงู cost
296
00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:40,920
ู
ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูุนุดุงู ููู ุจูุณู
ููุง implicit cost of trading
297
00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:44,000
ูุฒู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุดุฑุญูุง ุงูู
ุฑุฉ ุงููุงุชุฑุฉ ูู
ุง ุญูููุง ุนูู ุงู
298
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:50,640
.. ุนูู ุงู inventory ุญุณุจ ู
ุณุชูู ุงู inventory ุจูุฑูุญ
299
00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,140
ุจู .. ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงู spread ู ุจูุฎูุถ ุงู spread okay ูุนูู
300
00:21:54,140 --> 00:21:58,040
ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงูุชูููู ู ุจูุฎูุถ ุงูุชูููู ุญุชู ูุญุงูุธ ุนูู limit
301
00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:05,500
ู
ุนูู ู
ู ุงู .. ู
ู ุงู .. ูุฐุง ูููุฌู ูู ุจุงูุชูุตููุงูููุน
302
00:22:05,500 --> 00:22:10,880
ุงููู ููุฑูุฒ ุนููู ูุชูุฑ ุงููู ูู ุงู margin cost ุงููู
303
00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:15,020
ูู buying by margin ุงู
304
00:22:15,020 --> 00:22:27,740
ุฏู ุงูู
ุงุดู ููู
305
00:22:27,740 --> 00:22:33,350
ุงุญูุง ุฑุฌุนูุง ูุฏูู ุงู cost ูุฏูู ุงุฐุง ุงุญูุงุงู .. ุงู
306
00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:38,690
training costs ูุฏูู ุงููู ูุงุฒู
ูุชุญู
ููู
ูู ุงู .. ุงู
307
00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:43,810
investors ุจุณ ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงู margin ุณูุงุก ูุงู ุงู
308
00:22:43,810 --> 00:22:49,750
brokerage commission ูุนูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงู .. ุงููุณุงุทุฉ ูู
309
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:55,470
ููุน ู ุงููู ูู ุงู spread ุงููุฑู ุจูู ุงูุจูุน ูุงูุดุฑู
ูู
310
00:22:55,470 --> 00:23:02,010
ุดูุ ุงู ูุงู brokerage commissionุฃููุช ุงููุณุงุทุฉ ูุงุฒู
311
00:23:02,010 --> 00:23:06,030
ุงุญูุง ูุงุฒู
ุงู ุงู brokerage services ุญุณุจ ููุน ุงููุณุงุทุฉ
312
00:23:06,030 --> 00:23:08,490
ููู ุจูุงุฎุฏ commission ู ุงู spread ุงููู ูู ุทุจุนุง
313
00:23:08,490 --> 00:23:09,350
ุญุงูููุง ููู ุงู implicit
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