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1
00:00:01,310 --> 00:00:05,390
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก

2
00:00:05,390 --> 00:00:11,110
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนู…ู„ ู„ู€ food microbiology ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ

3
00:00:11,110 --> 00:00:17,130
introduction ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ 

4
00:00:17,130 --> 00:00:22,710
ุจุงู„ู€ microbiologyุŸmicrobiology micro ูŠุนู†ูŠ small,

5
00:00:22,930 --> 00:00:28,350
biology ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ูู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู… ูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

6
00:00:28,350 --> 00:00:33,630
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ ูู‡ูˆ study of

7
00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:39,490
small living organism ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุญูŠุฉ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ that cannot

8
00:00:39,490 --> 00:00:44,810
be seen by naked eye ุดูˆููˆุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑูˆุง ุจุจุงู„ูƒู… ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง

9
00:00:44,810 --> 00:00:48,870
ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ food microbiology

10
00:00:48,870 --> 00:00:53,970
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€

11
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food This course is intended to provide medical

12
00:00:58,990 --> 00:01:01,470
laboratory science students with basic techniques

13
00:01:01,470 --> 00:01:05,450
for food microbiology laboratory ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง

14
00:01:05,450 --> 00:01:10,170
ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุฑุญ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ุจู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ

15
00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:11,590
ุจู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ food

16
00:01:20,430 --> 00:01:25,830
ู…ุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช

17
00:01:25,830 --> 00:01:30,820
ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ quantitatively and qualitatively ุญูƒูŠู†ุง

18
00:01:30,820 --> 00:01:33,920
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ food ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฎููŠู

19
00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:38,860
ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡

20
00:01:38,860 --> 00:01:42,680
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

21
00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:48,060
ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ qualitative present or

22
00:01:48,060 --> 00:01:48,520
absent

23
00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:56,200
Quantitative ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฏุŒ ููŠ

24
00:01:56,200 --> 00:02:01,180
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนุฏุฏูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŸ ู„ุฃู†

25
00:02:01,180 --> 00:02:05,260
ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ

26
00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:11,000
ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉ ู‡ุฐุง

27
00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:14,000
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€

28
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:19,520
standard ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ูˆู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุฏุฑุณ

29
00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:25,010
qualitativeุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ

30
00:02:25,010 --> 00:02:29,310
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ู„ู€ human

31
00:02:29,310 --> 00:02:32,910
consumptionุŒ ุจุณ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ

32
00:02:32,910 --> 00:02:36,870
ุจุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠุŸ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ

33
00:02:36,870 --> 00:02:42,110
ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ necked eye ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

34
00:02:42,110 --> 00:02:46,090
food ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุชุฎููŠู ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง

35
00:02:46,090 --> 00:02:49,470
ุงู„ู€ procedure ุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ petri dish ุนู„ู‰

36
00:02:49,470 --> 00:02:54,150
ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ููŠู‡ media ุจู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ

37
00:02:54,150 --> 00:02:57,730
ุฑุญ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ colony ูุงู„ู€ colony ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูŠ

38
00:02:57,730 --> 00:03:01,890
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูˆุตู„ุช ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุนุฏุฏ

39
00:03:01,890 --> 00:03:05,430
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆูุฌุฃุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ colony ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ colony

40
00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:09,610
ุจุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ colony forming

41
00:03:09,610 --> 00:03:15,530
unit ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ

42
00:03:15,530 --> 00:03:21,630
ูุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… originating

43
00:03:21,630 --> 00:03:27,250
from mother cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุทูŠุจ

44
00:03:27,250 --> 00:03:32,910
ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง

45
00:03:32,910 --> 00:03:36,870
ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ food ู„ูˆ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ food

46
00:03:36,870 --> 00:03:39,270
ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ู„ู€ human consumption

47
00:03:45,470 --> 00:03:49,190
ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู microorganism ุจุงู„ู€ foodุŸ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง

48
00:03:49,190 --> 00:03:52,210
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ

49
00:03:52,210 --> 00:03:57,070
ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู fungiุŒ ูุทุฑูŠุงุช

50
00:03:57,070 --> 00:04:01,330
ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† yeast ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุงุฆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆู†

51
00:04:01,330 --> 00:04:05,090
molds ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ protozoa 

52
00:04:05,090 --> 00:04:11,990
ุงู„ู€ protozoa ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุช ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุช ุฅูŠุด ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

53
00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:17,320
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ yeast ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mold ุจุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ yeast

54
00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:21,620
unicellular ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ

55
00:04:21,620 --> 00:04:27,180
ุงู„ู€ mold multicellular ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูุธู‡ู…

56
00:04:27,180 --> 00:04:31,840
mold ููŠ ุญุฑู ุงู„ู€ M ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ multicellular M M ุซุงู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก

57
00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:35,380
ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูƒูŠู ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ yeast ุงู„ู€

58
00:04:35,380 --> 00:04:40,460
budding ุงู„ุชุจุฑุนู… ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ binary vision ู…ุงุดูŠ

59
00:04:40,460 --> 00:04:44,340
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ binary vision ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุซู†ุงุฆูŠ ุฒูŠ ููŠ

60
00:04:44,340 --> 00:04:48,840
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€ mother cell ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง two daughter cell

61
00:04:48,840 --> 00:04:52,660
ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ M ุนู† ุงู„ู€ mother

62
00:04:52,660 --> 00:04:59,200
cell ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ mold ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ

63
00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:05,340
sexual or asexual ุซุงู„ุซ ุดุบู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจูŠู†ุงุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„

64
00:05:05,340 --> 00:05:09,080
ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุญุชู‰ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู€

65
00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:12,380
yes ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ

66
00:05:12,380 --> 00:05:16,000
ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ more ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†

67
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,520
ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ room temperature

68
00:05:20,370 --> 00:05:23,330
ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญูุธ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ 37 ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ room

69
00:05:23,330 --> 00:05:26,010
temperatureุŸ ู…ุง ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ food

70
00:05:26,010 --> 00:05:29,730
microbiology .. ููŠ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ body fluids ู„ู…ุง

71
00:05:29,730 --> 00:05:33,510
ูƒู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ urine analysis ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ urine ูƒู†ุช ุชุดูˆู

72
00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:38,110
ููŠู‡ุง yeast ูุงู„ู€ yeast ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ู„ู€ human ูˆ

73
00:05:38,110 --> 00:05:42,070
ุงู„ู€ human ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ temperature ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ 37 ูุงู„ู€ yeast

74
00:05:42,070 --> 00:05:44,630
37 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mold ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ room temperature

75
00:05:47,990 --> 00:05:52,150
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุนุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

76
00:05:52,150 --> 00:05:59,990
ุบุฑู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฃุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌ

77
00:05:59,990 --> 00:06:05,370
ู…ุนูŠู† ู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฃูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู„ุช ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุชุฉ

78
00:06:05,370 --> 00:06:08,430
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุตุงุฑ

79
00:06:08,430 --> 00:06:12,310
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… diarrheaุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ

80
00:06:12,310 --> 00:06:15,990
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช

81
00:06:15,990 --> 00:06:19,970
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑู

82
00:06:19,970 --> 00:06:26,530
ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุญู„ูŠุจุŒ ุณูƒุฑุŒ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุชุฉ

83
00:06:26,530 --> 00:06:32,390
ุจุงูˆุฏุฑ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒุจุฏุฉ ูุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง

84
00:06:32,390 --> 00:06:37,590
ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูุจู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†

85
00:06:37,590 --> 00:06:42,250
ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ container ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ

86
00:06:42,250 --> 00:06:47,170
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุขู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุท ุจุชุฎู„ุท

87
00:06:47,170 --> 00:06:52,370
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ุท ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุณูˆุง ุฎู„ุทุชู‡ู…

88
00:06:52,370 --> 00:06:56,690
ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฎู„ุทุชู‡ู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ

89
00:06:56,690 --> 00:07:03,580
container ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุงุญ ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ .. ููŠ

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ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุดูƒู„ ู„ุชุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ

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ูƒู…ุงู† ุฑุญ ุฃุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ container ุจุนุฏ

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ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑุญ ุชุชุบู„ู ูˆ ุชู†ุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุญ ุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰

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ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฑุญ ุฃูุชุญู‡ุง ูˆ ุฑุญ ุฃุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุบู„ูŠู

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ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุฃุฎุฐุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ููˆุถู‰

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ุชุดูŠู„ุŒ ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€

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contamination ุฃุตู„ู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ

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ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ chocolate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช

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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ู†ูุณู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„

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diarrhea ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฎู„ุท

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ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุณูˆุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†

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ู„ุฃ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ chocolate

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ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุด ู…ู†ุธูุฉ ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ูู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

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contamination ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃุนุฑู ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูƒุงู†

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ุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ

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ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ูุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูุจุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุทูุฆู‡ุง

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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุฅู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุฃูˆ

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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ prevention ู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูู€ isolation of and

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identification of microbial food contaminants ูŠุนู†ูŠ

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ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนุฒู„ ูˆ ุฃุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ food contaminants ูŠุนู†ูŠ

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ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ micro organism ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ุจุงู„ู€ food ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุนุฑู ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฃุฌุช ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูˆ

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ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง help to understand how

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infectious agents enter 

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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ

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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ

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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ

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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ

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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ

123
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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

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ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠู‘ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ micro organism ู‡ูŠ ู…ููŠุฏุฉุŒ

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ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ many ู…ุด ูƒู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ

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ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† helpfulุŒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ

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ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ micro organismุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู‡ูˆ

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ุงู„ู€ helpful ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ non pathogenicุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉ ููŠ

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ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ pathogenic ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†

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ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ microorganisms ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน

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ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ opportunistic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง

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ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

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ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู†ุชู‡ุฒ ูˆ ุจุชุณุชุบู„ ูุฑุตุฉ ุถุนู ุฌู‡ุงุฒ

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ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุทูŠุจุŒ many of

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microorganisms are helpful and self-useful

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function such as causing breads to rise ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„

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ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ microorganism ุงู„ู†ุงูุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

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yeast ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ูŠู†ุชูุฎุŒ breads to rise

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fermenting sugar to alcohol ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู†ูˆุน 

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microorganism ุจุชุฎู…ุฑ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุญูˆู„ูŠุงู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ 

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ูƒุญูˆู„ assisting in the production of cheese from 

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00:10:22,340 --> 00:10:25,920
milkุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ microorganism ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุชุญูˆู„ 

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ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุจู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€

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biochemistry ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ุฅู„ู‰ 

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ุฌุจู†ุฉ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ pH ู‡ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ pH ููƒุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†

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ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง 

148
00:10:45,460 --> 00:10:49,620
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ lactobacillusุŒ lactobacillus ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง 

149
00:10:49,620 --> 00:10:54,300
ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู€ lactose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ 

150
00:10:54,300 --> 00:10:59,480
ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ fermentation ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ .. ุฅู„ู‰ acidุŒ ุงู„ู€ acid 

151
00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:04,440
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pHุŒ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ pH ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ 

152
00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:09,910
ุชูƒุงุซูุฑ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cheeseุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

153
00:11:09,910 --> 00:11:15,010
lactobacillus ู‡ูŠ ู†ุงูุนุฉ ูู‚ุท ุฅุฐุง ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุจู†ุŒ 

154
00:11:15,010 --> 00:11:20,250
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ููŠุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ wine ุฃูˆ

155
00:11:20,250 --> 00:11:24,610
ุงู„ู€ beerุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ beer ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ fruit 

156
00:11:24,610 --> 00:11:33,510
juice ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ spoilageุŒ ูุณุงุฏ ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

157
00:11:33,510 --> 00:11:38,750
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุจู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† 

158
00:11:38,750 --> 00:11:41,790
ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ helpful microorganism ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ decaying 

159
00:11:41,790 --> 00:11:45,130
organic matter to replenish nutrients in the soil

160
00:11:45,130 --> 00:11:50,450
ุจุชูุชุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุญู„ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ

161
00:11:50,450 --> 00:11:56,270
microorganisms can also cause foods to spoil and 

162
00:11:56,270 --> 00:11:59,850
make them inedibleุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ micro

163
00:11:59,850 --> 00:12:04,730
organism ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ pathogenic ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ spoilage

164
00:12:04,730 --> 00:12:08,050
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุณุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ food and make them inedible ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

165
00:12:08,050 --> 00:12:13,950
ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ุดูˆ 

166
00:12:13,950 --> 00:12:18,490
ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ microbial food analysisุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุญู„ู„ ุงู„ู€

167
00:12:18,490 --> 00:12:24,130
foodุŸ to meet certain set of standardsุŒ ู„ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ 

168
00:12:24,130 --> 00:12:29,470
ู…ุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ 

169
00:12:29,470 --> 00:12:35,090
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ micro bad ููŠ ุงู„ู€ food ูˆู„ูŠุฃูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉุŒ 

170
00:12:35,090 --> 00:12:38,570
ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง 

171
00:12:38,570 --> 00:12:42,430
ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุถู…ู† 

172
00:12:42,430 --> 00:12:47,590
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 

173
00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:50,470
pathogenicุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ human 

174
00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:54,830
consumptionุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† 

175
00:12:54,830 --> 00:12:59,890
ุงู„ู€ standard ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุซุงู†ูŠ 

176
00:12:59,890 --> 00:13:03,410
ุดูŠุก to estimate the shelf life of the product ู„ุญุชู‰ 

177
00:13:03,410 --> 00:13:08,570
ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ expired date ู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุŒ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกุŒ ูƒูŠูุŸ

178
00:13:08,570 --> 00:13:13,630
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุตู†ุนู†ุง ุฌุจู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุจู†ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† 

179
00:13:13,630 --> 00:13:18,030
ุฃูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ุชุตู†ูŠุนุŒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŒ 

180
00:13:18,030 --> 00:13:21,690
ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุฃ 

181
00:13:21,690 --> 00:13:26,070
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุณู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… ู…ู† 

182
00:13:26,070 --> 00:13:31,050
ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตู„ 

183
00:13:31,050 --> 00:13:35,030
ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง 

184
00:13:35,030 --> 00:13:40,170
ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู„ู€ .. ู„ู„ู€ expired dateุŒ to determine quality 

185
00:13:40,170 --> 00:13:45,490
of the foodุŒ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ foodุŒ ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ุง present 

186
00:13:45,490 --> 00:13:50,390
or absent ู„ู†ูˆุน microorganismุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ 

187
00:13:50,390 --> 00:13:57,590
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† pathogenic 

188
00:13:58,820 --> 00:14:01,880
for public health pairุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุฃุบุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 

189
00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:04,760
ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†ุชุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ูู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ูƒู„ 

190
00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:08,560
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ 

191
00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:12,440
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‡ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ 

192
00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:16,340
highุŒ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนุฏูŠ ูˆูŠุดูˆููˆุง ูˆูŠู† .. ูˆูŠู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูƒุงู† 

193
00:14:16,340 --> 00:14:20,160
ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ food

194
00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:24,060
chain ูˆู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠุตู„ุญูˆู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† 

195
00:14:24,060 --> 00:14:25,840
ุงู„ู€ infection

196
00:14:29,380 --> 00:14:32,320
What are the organisms that you look forุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ 

197
00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:36,400
ุงู„ู€ microorganism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ foodุŸ ููŠ 

198
00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:41,060
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ indicator organismุŒ ุงู„ู€ indicator

199
00:14:41,060 --> 00:14:45,120
organism or a group of organisms is one whose

200
00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:50,240
numbers in a productุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง 

201
00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:55,340
ุจูŠุฃูƒุณู ู†ุฌุงุญ or ูุดู„ ุงู„ู€ GMPุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ GMPุŸ good 

202
00:14:55,340 --> 00:14:59,180
manufacturing practiceุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ 

203
00:14:59,180 --> 00:15:04,560
ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ microorganism ูˆุจุฑูˆุญ 

204
00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:10,180
ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏุฏุชู‡ 

205
00:15:12,920 --> 00:15:17,480
ุงู„ู€ standard ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจุงู„ุตุญุฉ 

206
00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:21,880
ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุง ููŠ aseptic techniqueุŒ ู…ุง ููŠ ุชุนู‚ูŠู… 

207
00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:26,460
ู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† failure ู„ู„ู€ GMPุŒ 

208
00:15:26,460 --> 00:15:30,680
ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุฒู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€

209
00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:34,160
indicator organism ูƒุงู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ุŒ

210
00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:37,900
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ success ู„ู„ู€ GMPุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ good manufacturing

211
00:15:37,900 --> 00:15:46,190
practiceุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ 

212
00:15:46,190 --> 00:15:49,230
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ indicator organism ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ coliform 

213
00:15:49,230 --> 00:15:53,570
groupุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ coliform ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุน 

214
00:15:53,570 --> 00:16:00,810
ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุจุญุซ 

215
00:16:00,810 --> 00:16:07,010
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ coliform ูˆุจู†ู…ูŠู‡ู… ูˆุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ู… counting 

216
00:16:07,010 --> 00:16:11,710
ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ูˆุจุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง 

217
00:16:16,100 --> 00:16:19,320
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุจุน ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

218
00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:23,860
enterobacteriasiุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจุชุถู… ุชุญุชู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุดุบู„ุงุช 

219
00:16:23,860 --> 00:16:28,540
ูุงู„ู€ enterobacteriasi ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฑุงู… 

220
00:16:28,540 --> 00:16:31,840
negativeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุตุจู‘ุบู‡ุง ุจุตุจุบุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… 

221
00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:37,180
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ูุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฌุฑุงู… negativeุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ lie 

222
00:16:37,180 --> 00:16:42,280
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ microscope ุนุตูˆูŠุฉุŒุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆ 

223
00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:48,020
ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุณูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจู†ุฏุฑุฌ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ coliformุŒ ุจูŠุถุงูุฉ 

224
00:16:48,020 --> 00:16:51,360
ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ู„ุณุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุงุŒ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุณุŒ ู„ุดูŠุฌูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒู† 

225
00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:54,740
ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ coliformุŒ ูุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุณูŠ 

226
00:16:54,740 --> 00:16:58,500
ุจู†ุฏุฑุฌ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ coliformุŒ ุงู„ู€ coliform ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ

227
00:16:58,500 --> 00:17:01,980
ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ coliform group ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ 

228
00:17:01,980 --> 00:17:06,860
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุจุณู„ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ุจุงฺฉุชุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ

229
00:17:06,860 --> 00:17:14,470
ุงู„ู€ coliform ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุชุตู†ูŠู ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ fecal coliform

230
00:17:14,470 --> 00:17:19,830
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ feces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ stoolุŒ ุงู„ู€ fecal 

231
00:17:19,830 --> 00:17:24,930
coliform ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ 

232
00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:29,130
ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ 

233
00:17:29,130 --> 00:17:33,970
ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ O157H7ุŒ ู‡ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„

234
00:17:36,930 --> 00:17:40,930
ูุจุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ indicator organism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ coliform 

235
00:17:40,930 --> 00:17:44,790
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุจุณูŠู„ุฉ

236
00:17:44,790 --> 00:17:49,550
ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ุจุงฺฉุชุฑุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุฃุจุญุซ 

237
00:17:49,550 --> 00:17:56,470
ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌูˆู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ

238
00:17:56,470 --> 00:18:02,820
ูˆุญูุธู‡ุงุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ indicator organism ุจุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ 

239
00:18:02,820 --> 00:18:06,760
ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ standardุŒ ุจุฃุฏูˆุฑ 

240
00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,620
ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง detection 

241
00:18:09,620 --> 00:18:15,800
quantitativelyุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ index organism ุจุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ 

242
00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:22,260
index ู‡ูˆ microorganism ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ food

243
00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:27,690
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน 

244
00:18:27,690 --> 00:18:30,750
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุดูุชู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† 

245
00:18:30,750 --> 00:18:37,790
pathogenicุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ู†ูˆุน X ูˆู†ูˆุน YุŒ ุงู„ู€

246
00:18:37,790 --> 00:18:41,970
index organism ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ XุŒ ู„ูˆ ุดูุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ food ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠู‡ 

247
00:18:41,970 --> 00:18:48,610
YุŒ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ Y ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ X 

248
00:18:48,610 --> 00:18:52,770
ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† pathogenicุŒ ูุงู„ู€ index organism is one

249
00:18:52,770 --> 00:18:57,610
whose presence impliesุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 

250
00:18:57,610 --> 00:19:05,290
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ similar but pathogenic organismุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ 

251
00:19:05,290 --> 00:19:09,710
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ index organism ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ coli is used as

252
00:19:09,710 --> 00:19:14,610
index organism and its presence indicate possible

253
00:19:14,610 --> 00:19:18,930
presence of salmonellaุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง 

254
00:19:18,930 --> 00:19:21,790
ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุชุจุนูˆุง ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆ 

255
00:19:21,790 --> 00:19:26,490
ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุฒูŠุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูŠุด 

256
00:19:26,490 --> 00:19:29,410
ุงุถุทุฑูŠุช ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ

257
00:19:29,410 --> 00:19:35,010
ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุงุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 

258
00:19:35,010 --> 00:19:40,730
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ food ุจุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุตุนุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุดูู‡ ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ 

259
00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:45,670
ูˆูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุฎุต ู„ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ 

260
00:19:45,670 --> 00:19:49,990
ุฃูƒุดู ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ู„ู‡ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ 

261
00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:54,250
ุจุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ