PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/lg_09H4NqW4_raw.srt

1
00:00:13,660 --> 00:00:18,520
Assalamualaikum Good morning everybody How was the

2
00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:26,280
weekend? Not okay? Are you excited like the

3
00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:32,920
semester is over? Who's excited? I'm not excited,

4
00:00:33,060 --> 00:00:36,960
you know, because I think, you know, you're good

5
00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:40,660
students and I should continue. You're going to

6
00:00:40,660 --> 00:00:44,100
miss this class someday. I read some reports and

7
00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:49,440
like the students at the beginning, you know, were

8
00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:52,160
saying, I don't know what, how we are going to

9
00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:55,580
use, make use of this course. And then I looked at

10
00:00:55,580 --> 00:00:59,220
their final report. I found them like praising and

11
00:00:59,220 --> 00:01:01,720
they're going like, they felt very sad that the

12
00:01:01,720 --> 00:01:04,540
course is over. But some students like wanted to

13
00:01:04,540 --> 00:01:09,160
be over, you know. So this is the nature of a

14
00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:13,000
human being. Yes, they want to graduate and we

15
00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:16,040
understand their feelings. Good. Today is the last

16
00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:18,360
class. It should be the last class. I'm not sure

17
00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:21,760
how this class is going to proceed. But if we need

18
00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,360
another class, I don't mind giving on Monday.

19
00:01:27,700 --> 00:01:31,940
Today, as you see, we're going to conduct

20
00:01:31,940 --> 00:01:33,740
stylistic analysis

21
00:01:36,310 --> 00:01:39,090
Of course, there will be daily report. This is

22
00:01:39,090 --> 00:01:41,590
after listening to report. So we're going to see

23
00:01:41,590 --> 00:01:48,590
the choices created by, I mean here, we're going

24
00:01:48,590 --> 00:01:53,030
to look at the poem and to see how the words which

25
00:01:53,030 --> 00:01:56,630
were chosen, which were deleted here, and then

26
00:01:56,630 --> 00:01:59,050
suggested

27
00:02:01,500 --> 00:02:05,080
by us, and then like the words chosen by the poet,

28
00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:08,180
how they create certain pattern, which pattern

29
00:02:08,180 --> 00:02:11,820
they are creating, and what is the effect of that.

30
00:02:12,700 --> 00:02:15,720
But before we start, yes, we are going to listen

31
00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:17,420
to a report, yes?

32
00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:34,920
Four months later, time goes so fast. I got my

33
00:02:34,920 --> 00:02:37,520
memories and they will last. I try to keep it

34
00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:40,360
simple because I hate goodbyes by telling myself

35
00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:43,440
that I will remember this class. I remember all

36
00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:45,860
the things I have gone through. There's so much I

37
00:02:45,860 --> 00:02:50,460
can say, but words get in my way. From Wyatt to

38
00:02:50,460 --> 00:02:53,580
Owen, it all seemed once as a never-ending line of

39
00:02:53,580 --> 00:02:56,900
poems. So later on, when I'm sitting on my couch,

40
00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:59,980
I'm recollecting my thoughts in tranquility, and

41
00:02:59,980 --> 00:03:04,480
each class will flash in my memory. Or I'll go

42
00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,080
with the easy way and just watch the videos. Thank

43
00:03:07,080 --> 00:03:09,520
you very much. This is very interesting. Clap for

44
00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:15,520
her, please. I like this. Good. Yes?

45
00:03:20,100 --> 00:03:24,360
Good morning. December is the last month of this

46
00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:24,740
semester.

47
00:03:35,150 --> 00:03:39,670
Am I bus driver or train driver? Okay. It's good

48
00:03:39,670 --> 00:03:42,530
to think of the teacher as a bus driver and the

49
00:03:42,530 --> 00:03:46,390
students as passengers because this is metaphoric.

50
00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:50,180
And I think, you know, if you don't give the

51
00:03:50,180 --> 00:03:53,500
students orientation of where about you are going,

52
00:03:53,860 --> 00:03:57,160
they're going to get, you know, astray, they are

53
00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:03,060
going to get lost. The train crossed 40

54
00:04:03,060 --> 00:04:06,580
situations, all of them full of different

55
00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:10,380
features. You mean stations, right? Stations. All

56
00:04:10,380 --> 00:04:14,180
of them full of different features. But now the

57
00:04:14,180 --> 00:04:17,060
train is stopping in the middle of war and there

58
00:04:17,060 --> 00:04:21,560
are soldiers who fight and die for their country.

59
00:04:22,060 --> 00:04:26,920
Also there are a sunshine but its beams cannot

60
00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:30,560
able to recover the soldier wound. After this

61
00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:35,020
station, the train will finish its trip and stop

62
00:04:35,020 --> 00:04:39,020
and arrive to the examiner. Next, the passenger

63
00:04:39,020 --> 00:04:41,250
will leave the train. Okay, thank you very much.

64
00:04:41,670 --> 00:04:44,890
So I think this is like the quality of, this is

65
00:04:44,890 --> 00:04:48,610
the importance of the report. It gives you a

66
00:04:48,610 --> 00:04:51,930
chance to reflect, to talk to yourself. It gives

67
00:04:51,930 --> 00:04:55,690
you a chance to develop a unique monologue. And

68
00:04:55,690 --> 00:04:58,230
this is what happened. So my interest was not like

69
00:04:58,230 --> 00:05:01,750
to record what was happening in the class

70
00:05:01,750 --> 00:05:05,710
literally, but perhaps like to reflect, to debate

71
00:05:05,710 --> 00:05:06,350
with yourself.

72
00:05:09,180 --> 00:05:12,280
Good. I know like some people want to read the

73
00:05:12,280 --> 00:05:15,020
reports. Is anybody dying to read her report? Yes.

74
00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:19,120
She's dying to read her report.

75
00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:28,080
Good morning, everybody. Since we reached the last

76
00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:31,040
course of Pottery, actually I began to have some

77
00:05:31,040 --> 00:05:34,040
feeling of grief and I began to feel sorry. For

78
00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:36,620
the first time I liked Pottery course without any

79
00:05:36,620 --> 00:05:39,380
compliment because we learned many things from

80
00:05:39,380 --> 00:05:44,480
this course and we had a lot of enjoyment. When I

81
00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,920
remember that we started to approach the end of

82
00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:51,090
that course, My tears began to drop or to fall

83
00:05:51,090 --> 00:05:54,950
down but without any result or cause. Actually, I

84
00:05:54,950 --> 00:05:58,450
admired Putri lecture and I'm not saying that

85
00:05:58,450 --> 00:06:01,870
because of standing here but because this is the

86
00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:05,390
only course I admire and I have some feeling of

87
00:06:05,390 --> 00:06:08,430
fear. And last but not least, I thank Mr. Habib

88
00:06:08,430 --> 00:06:11,670
because of his continual efforts in order to make

89
00:06:11,670 --> 00:06:15,610
us love this lecture and because he provided with

90
00:06:15,610 --> 00:06:19,230
many useful information And because he gave us a

91
00:06:19,230 --> 00:06:21,630
lot about this course, perfect and complete

92
00:06:21,630 --> 00:06:26,410
lecture. So put your lecture and Mr. Habib, I

93
00:06:26,410 --> 00:06:29,550
can't say goodbye because of the case of missing

94
00:06:29,550 --> 00:06:33,070
you. And I'm saying that without being shy. So

95
00:06:33,070 --> 00:06:35,050
thank you very much. But you know, this is a

96
00:06:35,050 --> 00:06:36,870
valediction report. You know what valediction

97
00:06:36,870 --> 00:06:42,250
means? Like farewell, you know? Verification

98
00:06:42,250 --> 00:06:45,790
report. But again, like, I'm not sure whether they

99
00:06:45,790 --> 00:06:48,410
are going, you know, everybody here is sharing you

100
00:06:48,410 --> 00:06:53,210
because we have some different point of views and

101
00:06:53,210 --> 00:06:55,410
I'm interested in those different point of views.

102
00:06:55,710 --> 00:06:57,690
You know, if you want to have a different point of

103
00:06:57,690 --> 00:07:01,760
view, you can come. Or you can, like, let me know

104
00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:05,440
because also I'm interested in those who do not

105
00:07:05,440 --> 00:07:08,380
like the course. You know, this is your right to

106
00:07:08,380 --> 00:07:12,400
like or not to like, you know? And I still

107
00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:15,160
remember many people who started not liking the

108
00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:19,660
course. Then when they told me about this, I made

109
00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:22,480
them like the course. You see what I mean? So if

110
00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:24,740
you have some reservation, you can approach me

111
00:07:24,740 --> 00:07:28,470
even after the course. Good, today, as you see,

112
00:07:29,070 --> 00:07:34,850
we're going to see again Wilfred Owen's utility.

113
00:07:36,010 --> 00:07:40,830
Last time we generally discussed, if you remember,

114
00:07:41,830 --> 00:07:45,490
the possibility of the soldier in the war, was he

115
00:07:45,490 --> 00:07:50,270
dead or not, we paraphrased the poem. Today, we're

116
00:07:50,270 --> 00:07:54,830
going to see the choices here.

117
00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:03,000
and to see how the poet's choice perhaps makes

118
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,360
pattern because when we write a word, we should

119
00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:11,560
link this word with another word in the poem. So

120
00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:16,220
if we succeed, it means like we have certain

121
00:08:16,220 --> 00:08:20,840
patterns created and this is good for poetry. So

122
00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:25,920
now, move him into the sun. Like for this stanza,

123
00:08:26,580 --> 00:08:31,660
I'm going to read for you some choices, you can

124
00:08:31,660 --> 00:08:33,440
write them. Early,

125
00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:44,460
shade, the word early, the word shade, the word

126
00:08:44,460 --> 00:08:52,180
revive, the word old, Yes.

127
00:08:55,260 --> 00:09:02,320
The word restore. The word sun. The word mourning.

128
00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:05,860
The word grave.

129
00:09:08,340 --> 00:09:12,420
The word kind. Rouse.

130
00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:16,280
Bright. Hospital.

131
00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:26,730
Okay. Now, move him into the sun. Yes, that was.

132
00:09:27,810 --> 00:09:32,130
Now, can you substitute this by another like word,

133
00:09:32,390 --> 00:09:35,690
the words I gave you, you know, the word I've just

134
00:09:35,690 --> 00:09:41,530
given you? Yeah, move him into hospital. Move him

135
00:09:41,530 --> 00:09:44,350
into the hospital. Do you think this is a good

136
00:09:44,350 --> 00:09:44,750
choice?

137
00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:55,740
Yeah, but like, do you think, let's see the

138
00:09:55,740 --> 00:09:56,100
hospital.

139
00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:05,680
So you think

140
00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:09,060
hospital is a good choice? Grave is a good choice?

141
00:10:09,260 --> 00:10:12,000
Because he's dead? But I don't think, you know,

142
00:10:12,640 --> 00:10:17,960
this perhaps is a good choice. Why? Because here,

143
00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:26,060
it seems like there was uncertainty about the

144
00:10:26,060 --> 00:10:30,820
soldiers being, you see, and again, this is a

145
00:10:30,820 --> 00:10:36,520
battlefield, and it is unlikely for a soldier, you

146
00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:41,500
know, to have like a funeral, to have the funeral

147
00:10:41,500 --> 00:10:46,250
procession in the battlefield. Soldiers who die in

148
00:10:46,250 --> 00:10:51,510
the battlefield are not given burial soon. They're

149
00:10:51,510 --> 00:10:59,550
not buried soon. Grave, hospital? Again, the word

150
00:10:59,550 --> 00:11:03,730
hospital is not possible. Now the choice, the word

151
00:11:03,730 --> 00:11:08,970
son. Do you think it makes pattern with any of

152
00:11:08,970 --> 00:11:10,770
these words? Son.

153
00:11:13,630 --> 00:11:18,850
Is it a good choice? This is what the poet used.

154
00:11:19,190 --> 00:11:24,630
Why? What does it make pattern with? Where can we

155
00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:27,850
link the word with? Yes, please. Okay, in terms of

156
00:11:27,850 --> 00:11:30,150
the meaning, you can look at the fourth line,

157
00:11:30,310 --> 00:11:33,650
always it awoke him. This is something like the

158
00:11:33,650 --> 00:11:36,730
sun, this is the sun's doing. And also you can see

159
00:11:36,730 --> 00:11:40,510
it when it comes to the poetic aspect, you can see

160
00:11:40,510 --> 00:11:45,590
it rhyming sort of with Anson It is imperfect.

161
00:11:45,770 --> 00:11:48,270
Good, thank you very much. So I think, you know,

162
00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:54,830
the choice sun is a good choice. Why? Because, you

163
00:11:54,830 --> 00:11:57,550
know, here the first stanza, it ends with the sun

164
00:11:57,550 --> 00:12:02,170
and it, sorry, it begins with the sun and ends

165
00:12:02,170 --> 00:12:06,610
with the sun. So if anything might rouse him, you

166
00:12:06,610 --> 00:12:09,650
know, here, the sun will know. So it makes

167
00:12:09,650 --> 00:12:12,890
pattern. Well, you know, it begins with the sun

168
00:12:12,890 --> 00:12:16,690
and ends with the sun. Yes, you're right. It is

169
00:12:16,690 --> 00:12:21,570
like here, always it woke him once because we know

170
00:12:21,570 --> 00:12:25,570
that the sun is linked with the act of awakening.

171
00:12:28,270 --> 00:12:34,470
But here, again, the act of awakening. Is the

172
00:12:34,470 --> 00:12:38,030
soldier like dead or alive? Is he awake or asleep?

173
00:12:39,580 --> 00:12:43,400
Because here in the poem, the idea of awakening is

174
00:12:43,400 --> 00:12:51,800
there, but it is cancelled by the sense of death

175
00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:55,120
and sleep because it is cancelled by the

176
00:12:55,120 --> 00:12:59,820
possibility of death. So when we have awakening

177
00:12:59,820 --> 00:13:05,120
which is cancelled by death, sometimes when we

178
00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,240
expect something would happen and it doesn't

179
00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:11,480
happen, how do we feel? We feel disappointed. We

180
00:13:11,480 --> 00:13:16,020
feel frustrated. We feel frustrated. So usually

181
00:13:16,020 --> 00:13:21,260
this is like the effect of the defeat of

182
00:13:21,260 --> 00:13:24,440
expectation. When our expectations are defeated,

183
00:13:25,260 --> 00:13:28,880
when we expect that something would happen and it

184
00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:34,660
doesn't happen, we are disappointed. And we feel

185
00:13:34,660 --> 00:13:41,290
that a life sometimes or things All our waiting or

186
00:13:41,290 --> 00:13:46,270
all our expectation has been futile. You see what

187
00:13:46,270 --> 00:13:51,210
I mean? Concentrate on this word, futile. Good.

188
00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:59,630
Yes, again, you said sun and sun. You said

189
00:13:59,630 --> 00:14:04,230
imperfect rhyme. Like, what would happen if the

190
00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:09,720
rhyme is perfect? because the uncertainty is given

191
00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:12,940
by the imperfection of the rhyme. Like you don't

192
00:14:12,940 --> 00:14:14,940
know there's something wrong going on. You don't

193
00:14:14,940 --> 00:14:19,520
know if he's probably alive or he's just asleep.

194
00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:25,900
So you mean like the perfect rhyme has to do with

195
00:14:25,900 --> 00:14:33,080
sense of certainty. It has affirmative impact on

196
00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:38,170
us. It has positive, but here it seems like You

197
00:14:38,170 --> 00:14:42,510
know, the writer's attitude has nothing to do with

198
00:14:42,510 --> 00:14:49,670
any sense of agreement or musicality at all. We'll

199
00:14:49,670 --> 00:14:53,270
discuss the rhyme there, you know. Good. Move him

200
00:14:53,270 --> 00:14:57,210
into the sun. Gently its touch awoke him once.

201
00:14:59,830 --> 00:15:04,540
At home whispering of fields and so on. always it

202
00:15:04,540 --> 00:15:08,400
woke him even in France until this morning and

203
00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:12,260
this snow. Like if you remember in the previous

204
00:15:12,260 --> 00:15:16,540
class we discussed that it's good I see new faces

205
00:15:16,540 --> 00:15:20,020
today, you know? Faces I have never seen before.

206
00:15:23,180 --> 00:15:25,460
Okay, I'm talking about the sun.

207
00:15:30,740 --> 00:15:35,600
You see, if you remember, last time we said the

208
00:15:35,600 --> 00:15:41,440
sun is introduced as animate and inanimate at the

209
00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:47,620
same time. How? Because the

210
00:15:47,620 --> 00:15:53,800
sun in the grammatical code is what? Animate or

211
00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:57,540
inanimate? Yes, inanimate. But in the poem, in the

212
00:15:57,540 --> 00:16:01,840
context of the poem, It is animate. So here

213
00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:06,220
figuratively, it is animate, but grammatically,

214
00:16:06,740 --> 00:16:09,320
you know, in the language goal, it is inanimate.

215
00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:15,700
So what do we have here? We have a kind of tension

216
00:16:15,700 --> 00:16:21,640
between animate and inanimate, between life and

217
00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:27,160
death. So these contrasts are created animate,

218
00:16:28,140 --> 00:16:32,670
inanimate, And what else? Life and death. What

219
00:16:32,670 --> 00:16:45,630
else? Sun? Sun and? Sun and? Huh? Sun and? No? We

220
00:16:45,630 --> 00:16:51,110
don't have the moon. The star? Okay. Yeah, the

221
00:16:51,110 --> 00:16:55,730
sun. If you don't look at the snow. So again, we

222
00:16:55,730 --> 00:16:58,390
have You know, pattern of contrast between

223
00:16:58,390 --> 00:17:05,730
coldness and warmth. See what I mean? So these are

224
00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:12,090
intention, and nothing is settled. Okay, if

225
00:17:12,090 --> 00:17:21,150
anything might, if anything might, okay, we have

226
00:17:21,150 --> 00:17:24,450
choices I give you. Like, what about restore?

227
00:17:26,330 --> 00:17:31,450
Restore is a good choice. You know, I gave you a

228
00:17:31,450 --> 00:17:35,170
word restore. What about the word restore? It's a

229
00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:38,470
good choice, isn't it? Which is a better choice?

230
00:17:38,790 --> 00:17:44,090
Restore or Rouse? Or revive? I like revive. You

231
00:17:44,090 --> 00:17:48,850
like revive. Why? It's sort of like giving life

232
00:17:48,850 --> 00:17:51,750
into something. Yes. Yeah.

233
00:17:59,690 --> 00:18:05,430
Why revive is a good choice? You like it? Does it

234
00:18:05,430 --> 00:18:07,210
make any pattern with revive?

235
00:18:14,830 --> 00:18:18,030
You know, but I think the word Rouse, the word

236
00:18:18,030 --> 00:18:22,310
Rouse has to do with awakening, you know? More

237
00:18:22,310 --> 00:18:25,290
than with revive. Revive, it has to do with

238
00:18:25,290 --> 00:18:30,310
somebody who's fainted and you revive him. You see

239
00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:36,770
what I mean? Yes. And again, Rouse, does it make

240
00:18:36,770 --> 00:18:44,800
any rhyme with, you know? Rouse. Now. You see?

241
00:18:49,180 --> 00:18:54,440
Don't you think it has assonance? Not like revive.

242
00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:58,000
There is assonance. It makes some assonance. And

243
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:00,360
this assonance has to do with complaint.

244
00:19:03,580 --> 00:19:08,780
Okay, then the son will know. The early son.

245
00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:15,320
The early, what about the early sun? Or the

246
00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:15,820
morning sun?

247
00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:23,680
Do you think the early sun is a good choice? The

248
00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:27,100
bright sun? Yeah.

249
00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:34,640
Yeah, so you think, you know here, because it

250
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:39,340
seems like to us, like the soldier is dead and the

251
00:19:39,340 --> 00:19:44,460
poet is sarcastic. So the bright sun, I think the

252
00:19:44,460 --> 00:19:46,560
bright sun might be also sarcastic.

253
00:19:49,580 --> 00:19:52,000
The bright sun, the bright,

254
00:19:55,360 --> 00:20:05,700
you know. The old, ah, old with no old. And old

255
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:10,180
has to do with the sense of weakness, inability.

256
00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:15,640
The meter, what do you mean the meter? The kind

257
00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:18,200
old sun will know, or the bright sun will know.

258
00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:22,980
It's like, it's a less, like one feet element.

259
00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:26,340
Less syllable, you mean? The syllable itself.

260
00:20:26,660 --> 00:20:29,980
Yeah, two syllables or one syllable. Yeah, think

261
00:20:29,980 --> 00:20:39,820
how it wakes the seeds. Sorry, I say the old kind.

262
00:20:40,620 --> 00:20:44,270
If we say the bright kind, It doesn't make the

263
00:20:44,270 --> 00:20:52,190
irony. But the old kind, antithesis, you know, how

264
00:20:52,190 --> 00:20:55,570
come you are old? Because old has to do with the

265
00:20:55,570 --> 00:21:00,330
sense of ineffectiveness, the sense of inability,

266
00:21:00,850 --> 00:21:08,110
and the sense of futility as well. Because if the

267
00:21:08,110 --> 00:21:14,430
sun is unable to rouse, to awake, we feel there is

268
00:21:14,430 --> 00:21:19,510
nothing in the world. We feel there is a sense of

269
00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:23,790
futility. And all of this makes pattern with the

270
00:21:23,790 --> 00:21:28,970
title of the poem, Futility. Okay, let's see the

271
00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:29,710
second stanza.

272
00:21:34,030 --> 00:21:41,210
It starts with think. How does like move in the

273
00:21:41,210 --> 00:21:45,710
first stanza differ from thinking?

274
00:21:48,830 --> 00:21:55,090
Move, move him into the sun. It's like an order.

275
00:21:56,410 --> 00:22:00,210
It seems like the poet is indignant, is very

276
00:22:00,210 --> 00:22:07,450
angry. But now, once, You know, the poet made sure

277
00:22:07,450 --> 00:22:12,750
that the soldier was dead. He's no longer angry,

278
00:22:12,870 --> 00:22:18,790
but rather he's inviting us to meditate, to think.

279
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:25,450
Think. Think with me. How? So he is in the mood of

280
00:22:25,450 --> 00:22:32,420
meditating. You know, like what? Think how it once

281
00:22:32,420 --> 00:22:38,040
wakes the seeds, how the sun wakes the seed. So

282
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:44,080
he's inviting us to think about what? About

283
00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:49,040
ourselves? About what? About the sun doing what?

284
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:55,220
Waking, how it was giving life. So now he started

285
00:22:55,220 --> 00:23:01,220
to ask questions about Life. Life. Think how it

286
00:23:01,220 --> 00:23:05,240
wakes the seeds once they glaze on a cold star.

287
00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:11,360
We say here, what?

288
00:23:14,100 --> 00:23:23,440
Move, or stare, or walk. What about move? Think

289
00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:24,340
how the sun moves?

290
00:23:26,990 --> 00:23:30,170
Yeah, we have redundancy. So I think, you know

291
00:23:30,170 --> 00:23:36,510
here, woke, because again, it makes pattern with

292
00:23:36,510 --> 00:23:42,090
waking, you know, the sense of waking. Because

293
00:23:42,090 --> 00:23:48,910
here, as we said, waking is an issue. Is he awake

294
00:23:48,910 --> 00:23:53,390
or is he asleep? Woke, the clays of a cold star.

295
00:23:53,490 --> 00:23:58,950
This is like a nice metaphor. And we're talking

296
00:23:58,950 --> 00:24:03,310
about the clays of a cold star. What is it a

297
00:24:03,310 --> 00:24:07,530
metaphor of? This is like a metonymy. What is the

298
00:24:07,530 --> 00:24:13,890
cold star? It is the earth. So here he is inviting

299
00:24:13,890 --> 00:24:19,690
us to question the meaning of what? Of life on

300
00:24:19,690 --> 00:24:25,570
earth. So the death of a soldier made him question

301
00:24:25,570 --> 00:24:32,270
the meaning of life in general, of cosmic life,

302
00:24:32,570 --> 00:24:37,950
how it started. Think how it once worked, once the

303
00:24:37,950 --> 00:24:43,270
clays of a cold star. And then our limbs so dear

304
00:24:43,270 --> 00:24:50,070
achieved our sides full-nerved, still warm, too

305
00:24:50,070 --> 00:24:54,170
hard to stir.

306
00:24:56,520 --> 00:24:59,340
Do you think star is a good choice?

307
00:25:01,700 --> 00:25:08,520
Why a good choice? Because it makes imperfect

308
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:13,580
rhyme with star. So here, as I told you, there is

309
00:25:13,580 --> 00:25:17,360
nothing perfect. So choosing the imperfect rhyme

310
00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:25,850
has to create a sense of futility. Because here

311
00:25:25,850 --> 00:25:28,810
we're not dealing with, you know, perfect tribe.

312
00:25:30,030 --> 00:25:39,970
Was it for this? The what? Was it for this? The

313
00:25:39,970 --> 00:25:41,350
soldier?

314
00:25:43,110 --> 00:25:44,610
The clay? Why the clay?

315
00:25:47,770 --> 00:25:54,340
It's a metonymy of what? What is he? Yeah, because

316
00:25:54,340 --> 00:25:57,720
he's linking this soldier, the death of this

317
00:25:57,720 --> 00:26:03,160
soldier, you know, or the life of this soldier to

318
00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:07,040
the life of the universe. And the death of this

319
00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:09,820
soldier to the death of the whole universe. Was it

320
00:26:09,820 --> 00:26:18,660
for this? The clay grew tall. Was it for this? Are

321
00:26:18,660 --> 00:26:24,250
we Created to die like this? This is what he is

322
00:26:24,250 --> 00:26:34,810
asking. Or what made, what made futile?

323
00:26:36,990 --> 00:26:39,290
I think this is very important because it is the

324
00:26:39,290 --> 00:26:43,550
only, what made futile?

325
00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:51,970
Friendly? Sunbeams? Is it friendly sunbeams? No.

326
00:26:52,890 --> 00:26:57,690
Friendly is good, I think. Why not? Because it

327
00:26:57,690 --> 00:27:01,670
doesn't go with the context. So here the poet

328
00:27:01,670 --> 00:27:09,690
chose what? Fatuous. It is the only word which

329
00:27:09,690 --> 00:27:14,960
deviates from all the words in the poem. Because

330
00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:17,860
this is most of the words in the poem or all of

331
00:27:17,860 --> 00:27:21,340
the words are monosyllabic. And this is the word

332
00:27:21,340 --> 00:27:25,560
fatuous, fatuous. It is like three or four

333
00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:29,220
syllables, fatuous. And we kept, what is fatuous?

334
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,680
So this is like here, he's inviting us. And I

335
00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:39,520
think the only pattern it patterns with is the

336
00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:41,600
title itself, fatuous.

337
00:27:44,450 --> 00:27:48,550
to break Earth's sleep at all. So this is a

338
00:27:48,550 --> 00:27:51,310
rhetorical question. He's asking about the meaning

339
00:27:51,310 --> 00:27:56,010
of life from the very beginning. Life on Earth.

340
00:27:56,270 --> 00:27:59,290
What is the meaning of this life? Why? You know,

341
00:27:59,710 --> 00:28:03,410
what made fatuous sunbeams? Like here, the sun

342
00:28:03,410 --> 00:28:09,210
which woke the seeds was fatuous. Why? Because you

343
00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:13,030
work very hard to revive, to give life, and then

344
00:28:13,890 --> 00:28:14,750
People are dead.

345
00:28:18,370 --> 00:28:22,450
I relied on you to read the commentary at the end

346
00:28:22,450 --> 00:28:24,810
of the stylistic analysis, and I want to share it

347
00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:28,010
with you quickly. Commentary A, commentary B,

348
00:28:28,530 --> 00:28:33,790
commentary C. Perhaps, you know, the many

349
00:28:33,790 --> 00:28:38,570
references to awakening in the poem are poignantly

350
00:28:38,570 --> 00:28:45,240
ironic. It's page 110. It's in the appendices.

351
00:28:46,980 --> 00:28:51,160
Just as we know that it will do no good to move

352
00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:55,080
the soldier, so we realize that he cannot be

353
00:28:55,080 --> 00:29:00,180
woken. He's in a sleep of death. It is death which

354
00:29:00,180 --> 00:29:03,920
ends a short life in a word which comes to seem

355
00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:08,020
increasingly futile. Perhaps the son should never

356
00:29:08,020 --> 00:29:11,940
have awoken this word in the first place. Then

357
00:29:11,940 --> 00:29:15,860
these agonies and the futilities would not have to

358
00:29:15,860 --> 00:29:18,460
be suffered. And this is what the poet wanted to

359
00:29:18,460 --> 00:29:22,180
say. Perhaps like there was no need for life from

360
00:29:22,180 --> 00:29:24,400
the very beginning, then we would not have

361
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:25,740
suffered all of this.

362
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:34,550
These contrasts seem to cancel each other. like

363
00:29:34,550 --> 00:29:39,790
life and death, working and sleeping, cold and

364
00:29:39,790 --> 00:29:44,790
hot. These contrasts seem to cancel each other out

365
00:29:44,790 --> 00:29:48,190
and they produce a feeling of emptiness and

366
00:29:48,190 --> 00:29:52,240
nothingness. When we have expectation, when we

367
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:56,620
have things which we are counseled by each other.

368
00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:00,060
You have snow, it is counseled by the sun. You

369
00:30:00,060 --> 00:30:03,300
have life, it is counseled by death. So this

370
00:30:03,300 --> 00:30:07,240
counseling effect leaves us with sense of

371
00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,000
nothingness. Think of emptiness.

372
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:16,400
And this is what the poet wanted us to share with

373
00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:21,440
him. Like life, which starts like this, is futile.

374
00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:26,520
Life is meaningless. These contrasts seem to

375
00:30:26,520 --> 00:30:31,240
cancel each other out and produce a feeling of

376
00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:34,480
emptiness and nothingness. Most prominent among

377
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:38,160
these contrasts is that of waking and sleeping.

378
00:30:40,050 --> 00:30:42,470
Commentary B, it has to do with the sun, which I

379
00:30:42,470 --> 00:30:47,530
remarked because the sun was introduced as

380
00:30:47,530 --> 00:30:51,230
inanimate

381
00:30:51,230 --> 00:30:54,470
and inanimate. And again, we have this contrast.

382
00:30:55,190 --> 00:31:00,750
You can read it. It is there. Commentary C. Notice

383
00:31:00,750 --> 00:31:03,910
the very characteristic of use of assonance. Sun,

384
00:31:04,790 --> 00:31:12,490
Son, Once, France, Snow, Now, No, Seeds, Sides,

385
00:31:12,910 --> 00:31:19,650
Star, Stir, Tol, Toil, All. These half rhymes,

386
00:31:20,310 --> 00:31:24,090
they are not full rhymes. Leave a sense of

387
00:31:24,090 --> 00:31:31,200
incompleteness on the ear. Cheated of our

388
00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:34,820
expectations of a rhyme, we are referred back from

389
00:31:34,820 --> 00:31:38,820
the poem itself as a formal triumph, which it is

390
00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:42,660
to the poem's theme, to the frustration of the

391
00:31:42,660 --> 00:31:46,240
form. We have frustration on the form, of pattern,

392
00:31:47,460 --> 00:31:51,500
you know, because everything is frustrated in the

393
00:31:51,500 --> 00:31:56,600
ruthless destructiveness of war. It is war. So in

394
00:31:56,600 --> 00:32:00,100
war, we don't expect to see patterns. We expect

395
00:32:00,100 --> 00:32:05,840
that everything is shattered. Okay, this is, you

396
00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:08,860
know, a mini stylistic analysis. And I think you

397
00:32:08,860 --> 00:32:11,820
have the full stylistic analysis in your reader.

398
00:32:12,180 --> 00:32:16,340
You can read it along with the auction. And, you

399
00:32:16,340 --> 00:32:21,200
know, that's it for this poem. I think we still

400
00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:26,360
have 10 minutes to talk about miscellaneous things

401
00:32:26,360 --> 00:32:31,960
before we finish. Okay, this is your reflection as

402
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:34,580
I promised. I'm going to look at this reflection.

403
00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:40,860
If your mark here in this reflection let's say, is

404
00:32:40,860 --> 00:32:44,760
higher than the mark in the first reflection, I'll

405
00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:48,420
stick to this. If it is less, I'll just combine

406
00:32:48,420 --> 00:32:52,040
both of them and take the average. So this would

407
00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:58,300
be part of the final exam, your reflection. I

408
00:32:58,300 --> 00:33:02,400
mean, I'm not returning this to you, but I'll be

409
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:05,880
returning for you the response and the report.

410
00:33:07,150 --> 00:33:11,110
Concerning the exam, first of all, before the

411
00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:15,490
exam, if you give me your response and report, I'm

412
00:33:15,490 --> 00:33:19,730
not going to give it today. So tomorrow if we have

413
00:33:19,730 --> 00:33:21,490
school, I'm not sure whether we have school

414
00:33:21,490 --> 00:33:26,990
tomorrow or not. We do? So if we have school

415
00:33:26,990 --> 00:33:30,730
tomorrow, I'll be bringing them. If not, they will

416
00:33:30,730 --> 00:33:36,950
be in the teacher's room. We have, you know, I

417
00:33:36,950 --> 00:33:40,230
mean, a room for the female teachers here. I can

418
00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:45,510
put them there and pass them to you, okay? This is

419
00:33:45,510 --> 00:33:50,170
for like your notebooks. Concerning the exam, I

420
00:33:50,170 --> 00:33:54,620
know you want to see which poems should not be.

421
00:33:55,460 --> 00:33:59,520
Like what we have been examined in the midterm

422
00:33:59,520 --> 00:34:01,720
exam will be deleted.

423
00:34:04,260 --> 00:34:11,660
Yes. So we'll start from Shakespeare. Yes.

424
00:34:14,740 --> 00:34:19,620
And like the first question in the exam will be

425
00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:26,160
will be comment, it is similar to the midterm

426
00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:30,840
question. It is similar. I give you a model, you

427
00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:34,620
have to follow the model. Do not escape by writing

428
00:34:34,620 --> 00:34:37,900
about the poem. Stick to the extract, show its

429
00:34:37,900 --> 00:34:42,720
relevance, show its stylistic value and like its

430
00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:47,640
meaning. Explain, concentrate on the extract. The

431
00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:52,100
second question would be essay questions. essay

432
00:34:52,100 --> 00:34:55,920
questions. I'll be giving you a statement to talk,

433
00:34:56,180 --> 00:34:59,520
you know, about the features of a school and to

434
00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:01,580
demonstrate, for example, romanticism,

435
00:35:01,780 --> 00:35:04,960
metaphysical, Elizabethan, you know, for example,

436
00:35:04,980 --> 00:35:07,940
the theme of immortality has been, and Elizabethan

437
00:35:07,940 --> 00:35:11,300
discussed this with reference to the poems, you

438
00:35:11,300 --> 00:35:14,180
know, you have studied. You might refer to the

439
00:35:14,180 --> 00:35:18,800
poem with counsel, if you want. You might want to

440
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:22,860
refer. But it could be metaphysical, it could be

441
00:35:22,860 --> 00:35:27,120
romantic, it could be Victorian, it could be pre

442
00:35:27,120 --> 00:35:31,640
-romantic. See? This is an ASIC question. The most

443
00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:36,330
important thing is to substantiate. to give

444
00:35:36,330 --> 00:35:40,670
evidence from what you say from the poems. And I

445
00:35:40,670 --> 00:35:44,110
might tell you two or three poems, you know. I

446
00:35:44,110 --> 00:35:49,450
might decide, yes, in reference to one or two. I'm

447
00:35:49,450 --> 00:35:56,090
not sure how many poems. The last question, you

448
00:35:56,090 --> 00:35:59,750
know, usually it is unseen.

449
00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:06,690
A poem. But usually it is unseen, and it is good.

450
00:36:07,490 --> 00:36:11,670
But sometimes I do give a change, you know? So I'm

451
00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:14,890
not sure what I'm going to do. I might change this

452
00:36:14,890 --> 00:36:20,730
question. It might remain the same. Because each

453
00:36:20,730 --> 00:36:26,310
exam has, you know, a surprise. You know,

454
00:36:26,350 --> 00:36:30,830
something. Okay, so we'll see. It might be similar

455
00:36:30,830 --> 00:36:37,090
to the, the mid question, which, you know. Huh?

456
00:36:37,530 --> 00:36:42,470
Bitter? No, the unseen poem will be fine. So let's

457
00:36:42,470 --> 00:36:45,690
see. Let's see, because you know, you didn't do

458
00:36:45,690 --> 00:36:49,950
well with the question in the midterm. But I

459
00:36:49,950 --> 00:36:53,390
think, you know, it might, it is a possibility. It

460
00:36:53,390 --> 00:36:57,700
could be within it. You see? Two questions lie

461
00:36:57,700 --> 00:37:01,480
together. Now at the end, I have nothing except

462
00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:09,120
thanking you. I know I was very hard, very tough

463
00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:13,380
with those students who were not coming. I

464
00:37:13,380 --> 00:37:17,060
succeeded. And this is what I felt in making you

465
00:37:17,060 --> 00:37:20,220
work hard. And this is what I wanted. And I wish

466
00:37:20,220 --> 00:37:23,220
all of you that you would succeed. If you need

467
00:37:23,220 --> 00:37:26,460
anything, just let me know either by sending an

468
00:37:26,460 --> 00:37:32,170
email or like seeing me in my office. Okay, I

469
00:37:32,170 --> 00:37:35,890
might add additional office hours like to meet

470
00:37:35,890 --> 00:37:39,550
you. So I'll be like on Sunday as well. I'm

471
00:37:39,550 --> 00:37:45,130
Monday, as you know, from 11 to 12, but I'll be on

472
00:37:45,130 --> 00:37:52,610
Sunday also from 9.30 to 12. I'll be waiting for

473
00:37:52,610 --> 00:37:55,690
you if you need anything. Sunday and Tuesday.

474
00:37:56,090 --> 00:37:56,790
Thank you very much.