L9fwy3NUQKwYNxhPlUU9pxwfg8zlh4TPZ/AhcdM8VzdMg_postprocess.srt

1
00:00:22,530 --> 00:00:26,690
Assalamualaikum. Hello back everyone. Thank you

2
00:00:26,690 --> 00:00:29,830
for submitting your homework most of you. If you

3
00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:35,190
didn't already submit your homework It's not good,

4
00:00:35,330 --> 00:00:38,670
but I'll give you a chance until tomorrow at 11 o

5
00:00:38,670 --> 00:00:40,450
'clock. If you don't find me in my office, you

6
00:00:40,450 --> 00:00:44,350
just slip it under the door. But I will deduct

7
00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:47,730
marks from you if you are late. Because if you

8
00:00:47,730 --> 00:00:49,970
submit on time, you get the full mark for

9
00:00:49,970 --> 00:00:55,950
submitting on time. So today, we have a review

10
00:00:55,950 --> 00:01:03,550
class. We'll see what questions you have. About

11
00:01:03,550 --> 00:01:07,210
the course. Should I start again?

12
00:01:10,870 --> 00:01:11,510
Okay.

13
00:01:14,450 --> 00:01:15,770
Should I start again from the beginning?

14
00:01:19,490 --> 00:01:22,990
Now I want to start again. Come on.

15
00:01:28,550 --> 00:01:29,190
There is no doubt.

16
00:01:56,020 --> 00:01:58,820
Thank you

17
00:02:17,410 --> 00:02:20,650
So Assalamu Alaikum again everyone. Thank you for

18
00:02:20,650 --> 00:02:23,150
submitting your first assignment for this course

19
00:02:23,150 --> 00:02:26,490
and I'm really looking forward to grading them.

20
00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:29,270
I'm sure you did a good job answering questions

21
00:02:29,270 --> 00:02:32,730
about Shakespeare. Today I'll take a chance to

22
00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:36,910
give you a review session. Let's take a break

23
00:02:37,850 --> 00:02:41,010
Let's not begin a new lesson because we're

24
00:02:41,010 --> 00:02:44,770
supposed to start with Marlow and Ben Johnson as

25
00:02:44,770 --> 00:02:49,270
other Renaissance Elizabethan dramatists and

26
00:02:49,270 --> 00:02:52,390
playwrights and poets also who were contemporary

27
00:02:52,390 --> 00:02:55,290
to Shakespeare. They lived at the time Shakespeare

28
00:02:55,290 --> 00:02:59,490
was also alive and writing. So today we'll do a

29
00:02:59,490 --> 00:03:03,230
review. Please feel free to ask any question you

30
00:03:03,230 --> 00:03:06,770
have, and I'll do my best to try to answer the

31
00:03:06,770 --> 00:03:11,800
question. Okay, yes, can you also, everyone if you

32
00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:16,800
want to ask question, please speak up. When two

33
00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:19,120
lines of verse rhyme, we call them couplets,

34
00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,060
right? Yeah. In the cystic and octave, when the

35
00:03:23,060 --> 00:03:25,460
eight, does the eight lines have to rhyme, so

36
00:03:25,460 --> 00:03:29,340
we're gonna call them cystic and octave? Okay, so

37
00:03:29,340 --> 00:03:31,460
when we spoke about the sonnet, remember the

38
00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:36,080
Italian sonnet? Yes. The sonnet was born in Italy,

39
00:03:36,440 --> 00:03:41,090
with a Y, not I. And we spoke about Dante in

40
00:03:41,090 --> 00:03:45,950
brief. We spoke also about the

41
00:03:45,950 --> 00:03:51,050
other name, the other Italian sonneteer, the

42
00:03:51,050 --> 00:03:55,290
father of the sonnet, Petrarch.

43
00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:01,790
Is it a difficult name? Is it difficult? So

44
00:04:01,790 --> 00:04:07,850
Petrarch, C-H Petrarch, exactly how you spell it.

45
00:04:09,580 --> 00:04:13,840
Now, Petrarch is said to be the most important

46
00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:16,980
Italian sonnetier. There are actually other names

47
00:04:16,980 --> 00:04:20,720
in Italy. But this is what we want to focus on,

48
00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:26,820
because of Petrarch, Henry Howard And Sir Thomas

49
00:04:26,820 --> 00:04:30,420
White, they loved the sonnet. And again, remember,

50
00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:33,240
we always talk about the influence of Europe, of

51
00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:38,020
Italy, France, mainly Italy and France. Actually,

52
00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:41,020
the Renaissance started in Italy well before it

53
00:04:41,020 --> 00:04:45,050
started in England. So England was still being

54
00:04:45,050 --> 00:04:50,310
influenced by Europe, especially by Italy. So the

55
00:04:50,310 --> 00:04:54,150
sonnet, the Italian sonnet, is generally two

56
00:04:54,150 --> 00:04:57,950
parts, remember? The form, the structure of the

57
00:04:57,950 --> 00:05:05,790
sonnet is eight lines and then six lines. Eight

58
00:05:05,790 --> 00:05:10,030
lines and six lines. The eight lines we called

59
00:05:10,030 --> 00:05:10,550
octave.

60
00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:14,600
And this is the Sestet.

61
00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:21,600
Sestet from six. An octave, you know Octopus

62
00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:26,560
because of the A. Now the Italian sonnet almost

63
00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:39,240
always rhymes as A B B A A B B A Now this, you're

64
00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:43,930
answering a question. This is in a way Four lines,

65
00:05:44,030 --> 00:05:47,730
remember the four lines, the quadrant? Your

66
00:05:47,730 --> 00:05:51,150
question is, does this count as a rhyme? Sorry, as

67
00:05:51,150 --> 00:05:55,810
a rhyming couplet? No. You know why? Because

68
00:05:55,810 --> 00:05:59,090
generally this stops here. Even does this count as

69
00:05:59,090 --> 00:06:04,270
a couplet? No, it's part of the octave or the

70
00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:08,960
group of the stanza or the quadrant. However, if

71
00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,260
in your exam or you find two lines somebody likes

72
00:06:12,260 --> 00:06:15,120
just these lines and you look at them in isolation

73
00:06:15,120 --> 00:06:19,900
you can call them a couplet it's okay you can if

74
00:06:19,900 --> 00:06:22,100
they are in isolation because you don't know the

75
00:06:22,100 --> 00:06:24,440
context you don't know but generally this is

76
00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:29,900
important generally here they don't give one idea

77
00:06:29,900 --> 00:06:32,460
that's the most important thing about the couplet

78
00:06:32,460 --> 00:06:37,460
remember It's like a paragraph, a prose paragraph.

79
00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:40,280
What is a paragraph? A group of related sentences

80
00:06:40,280 --> 00:06:44,800
about one topic, one idea. Now the couplet, two

81
00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:48,880
rhyming lines, two rhymes, two lines that rhyme,

82
00:06:49,980 --> 00:06:52,740
And they are about the same thing. Always remember

83
00:06:52,740 --> 00:06:55,840
Shakespeare's couplet at the end. So long as this,

84
00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:59,540
so long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so

85
00:06:59,540 --> 00:07:02,560
long lives this, and this gives life to thee. What

86
00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,740
happens in the first four lines here, the

87
00:07:05,740 --> 00:07:09,540
quatrain, is the author develops an idea. If you

88
00:07:09,540 --> 00:07:12,460
stop here, the idea is not complete. If you stop

89
00:07:12,460 --> 00:07:15,180
here, it's usually not complete. If you stop here,

90
00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:17,990
it's usually not complete. When you finish the

91
00:07:17,990 --> 00:07:21,930
first four lines, you have a part of an idea that

92
00:07:21,930 --> 00:07:26,690
could give you something. But it's not complete in

93
00:07:26,690 --> 00:07:30,130
the Italian Sunnit until you read the first eight

94
00:07:30,130 --> 00:07:33,430
lines. When you read the first eight lines, you

95
00:07:33,430 --> 00:07:37,110
realize, oh, OK. So it gives you an idea. The same

96
00:07:37,110 --> 00:07:39,790
with Shakespeare. When we spoke about Shakespeare,

97
00:07:40,730 --> 00:07:42,750
we said Shakespeare's structure is

98
00:07:45,930 --> 00:07:50,230
We have three quadrants, remember? Three, what's a

99
00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:55,570
quadrant? Four lines. From quarter, okay? And a

100
00:07:55,570 --> 00:07:58,130
couplet, plus a couplet.

101
00:08:00,950 --> 00:08:06,650
Now the first four lines usually have one idea,

102
00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:13,370
one image, and then the second quadrant moves to

103
00:08:13,370 --> 00:08:15,650
another idea or image, and the third quadrant

104
00:08:15,650 --> 00:08:19,350
moves to the other idea. But the three quadrants

105
00:08:19,350 --> 00:08:21,910
have the same theme, the same problem, the same

106
00:08:21,910 --> 00:08:24,950
crisis. Like in Shall I Compare Thee to A Summer's

107
00:08:24,950 --> 00:08:30,010
Day, he spins almost 12 lines saying, no, life is

108
00:08:30,010 --> 00:08:33,190
not perfect. Every fair from fair sometime

109
00:08:33,190 --> 00:08:36,920
declines. Summer is beautiful, but sometimes there

110
00:08:36,920 --> 00:08:39,980
is rough winds, right? Summer is beautiful, but

111
00:08:39,980 --> 00:08:43,620
again, the winds do shake the darling buds of May.

112
00:08:44,060 --> 00:08:46,420
Summer is beautiful, but summer is sometimes what?

113
00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:51,260
Short and hot. Sometimes the clouds destroy the

114
00:08:51,260 --> 00:08:55,500
beauty of this. So he moves from one image to the

115
00:08:55,500 --> 00:08:58,920
other, like in Sonnet 73, I guess, where he speaks

116
00:08:58,920 --> 00:09:02,380
in the first quatrain, he speaks about the end of

117
00:09:02,380 --> 00:09:06,060
the year, autumn. What happens in autumn? Yellow

118
00:09:06,060 --> 00:09:12,920
leaves. Right? The end of the circle. In the

119
00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:16,200
second quadrant we've got the end of the day, the

120
00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:19,960
sunset. So the day is good. We start active,

121
00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:23,700
energetic. We have all hopes and dreams. We want

122
00:09:23,700 --> 00:09:26,120
to go to school, to attend classes, to meet

123
00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:30,130
friends, to go to the cafeteria, to eat pizza. At

124
00:09:30,130 --> 00:09:32,210
the end of the day, it's like everything comes to

125
00:09:32,210 --> 00:09:36,130
an end. Nothing lasts forever. And then in the

126
00:09:36,130 --> 00:09:39,210
third quarter, he speaks about the end of a fire.

127
00:09:39,490 --> 00:09:46,190
Fires, you know? Fire. But it ends up as ashes. So

128
00:09:46,190 --> 00:09:47,910
what is Shakespeare doing here? He's giving us

129
00:09:47,910 --> 00:09:50,110
three images. The three images about the

130
00:09:50,110 --> 00:09:54,030
inevitability of death. The passing of time. Time

131
00:09:54,030 --> 00:09:57,700
kills everything. In a way this is the crisis.

132
00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:02,300
This is the issue of time. But what does he do in

133
00:10:02,300 --> 00:10:05,200
the couplet? He gives hope. In a way he twists.

134
00:10:05,460 --> 00:10:07,600
There's something called a volta. The volta is a

135
00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:12,600
twist. Where like in Sonnet 18, again, he says

136
00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:14,680
something like, I can't remember that couplet,

137
00:10:15,120 --> 00:10:18,960
like similar to 18, he says that, but my poetry

138
00:10:18,960 --> 00:10:21,860
will live forever. My poetry doesn't die. My

139
00:10:21,860 --> 00:10:26,400
sonnet doesn't die. Reminding us of, again, how he

140
00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:28,640
believes in his poetry, giving us some kind of

141
00:10:28,640 --> 00:10:33,030
hope or closure or ending. So long as men can

142
00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:38,730
breathe, our eyes can see, so long lives this, and

143
00:10:38,730 --> 00:10:40,990
this gives life to thee. So the couplet has one

144
00:10:40,990 --> 00:10:44,030
idea. So again, going back to your question, can

145
00:10:44,030 --> 00:10:50,810
we call this here a couplet? No. Generally, no. If

146
00:10:50,810 --> 00:10:55,130
you find them alone, wandering around, you could

147
00:10:55,130 --> 00:10:56,930
say that, but when you read them, they're not

148
00:10:56,930 --> 00:11:01,150
going to give you a full idea, like the idea of,

149
00:11:01,450 --> 00:11:04,030
so long as men can breathe, our eyes can see, so

150
00:11:04,030 --> 00:11:07,270
long as this or this gives life to this. In other

151
00:11:07,270 --> 00:11:09,230
words, in your exam I'm not going to give you two

152
00:11:09,230 --> 00:11:11,110
lines from here and ask you whether this is a

153
00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:16,050
couplet I'll give you a full stanza either two

154
00:11:16,050 --> 00:11:20,790
lines if it's complete couplet or quatrain four

155
00:11:20,790 --> 00:11:24,490
lines or six or maybe eight lines but we usually

156
00:11:24,490 --> 00:11:27,190
because you're still beginning to learn English

157
00:11:27,190 --> 00:11:30,650
and English literature I usually only focus on two

158
00:11:30,650 --> 00:11:33,450
-line nouns okay

159
00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:39,080
Any other question about the sonnet? Does anyone

160
00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:41,280
want to ask questions about the sonnet, the rhyme

161
00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:45,340
scheme, the importance of the sonnet, Shakespeare

162
00:11:45,340 --> 00:11:46,080
and the sonnet?

163
00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:55,280
Please, do ask. Sorry? Not the sonnet? So, no more

164
00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:55,620
sonnet?

165
00:12:00,980 --> 00:12:06,950
Okay, I'll ask you a question here. In one stanza

166
00:12:06,950 --> 00:12:09,850
we studied in the other class today, there was,

167
00:12:10,030 --> 00:12:11,850
okay, don't look at the book, I'll just bring it

168
00:12:11,850 --> 00:12:17,570
myself. There was a line ending in drops and the

169
00:12:17,570 --> 00:12:21,890
other one ending in box, drops and the other one

170
00:12:21,890 --> 00:12:22,750
ending in box.

171
00:12:25,590 --> 00:12:31,580
Listen, these words don't rhyme. Do they rhyme? Is

172
00:12:31,580 --> 00:12:35,480
there rhyme here? This doesn't count, generally,

173
00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:38,600
unless the sounds before it have something similar

174
00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:44,140
to drop, like hops for example, hops, drops and

175
00:12:44,140 --> 00:12:49,380
hops. Okay, but drops and box, they don't rhyme.

176
00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:52,040
The rhyme is generally not the last sound, usually

177
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:55,420
two, sometimes three. We need to look at this

178
00:12:55,420 --> 00:12:58,880
carefully. Another example, what do you think of

179
00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:04,820
this? A very famous poem by Marlow, we'll study

180
00:13:04,820 --> 00:13:11,000
later on. He says, he begins his poem saying,

181
00:13:11,480 --> 00:13:21,740
come, Live with me and be my love and

182
00:13:25,340 --> 00:13:28,120
Notice when you begin a line of verse, you begin

183
00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:31,820
with capital. That's the rules when you write

184
00:13:31,820 --> 00:13:35,520
poetry. The first word, you capitalize the first

185
00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:38,420
letter of the first word of each and every line.

186
00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,280
And this is how you distinguish sometimes verse

187
00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:45,500
from prose in Shakespeare. If it is capitalized,

188
00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:48,080
then it's poetry. If it's not, it's prose. But

189
00:13:48,080 --> 00:13:51,120
more important than this is the music. We've seen

190
00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:54,940
how Shiloh doesn't use poetry and has not a Jew

191
00:13:54,940 --> 00:14:01,360
eyes. And we will, sorry, we will all the

192
00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:01,780
pleasures.

193
00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:10,240
That's a very famous, that's a very famous poem

194
00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:19,640
here. Is it a couplet? No. Okay, we have love and

195
00:14:21,030 --> 00:14:26,150
Prove Not the same sound Okay we have O V E and

196
00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:30,690
also O V E If you know how to do transcription

197
00:14:30,690 --> 00:14:37,670
this is love and this is prove Probably

198
00:14:37,670 --> 00:14:41,130
next year What do you think of this? Is this a

199
00:14:41,130 --> 00:14:45,450
couplet? Do we have rhyme here? What do you think?

200
00:14:46,070 --> 00:14:50,350
No it's not a couplet because the sound is

201
00:14:50,350 --> 00:14:53,380
different The sounds are different. We have love,

202
00:14:53,920 --> 00:15:03,280
like dove, cut, hot, but, and this is prove. What

203
00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:05,140
do you think? Does anybody have something?

204
00:15:08,300 --> 00:15:12,920
If you look at the words, if you look at the

205
00:15:12,920 --> 00:15:17,500
words, they look similar. They look similar. O V

206
00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:22,340
E, O V E. The V sound is the same, but the one

207
00:15:22,340 --> 00:15:25,660
before. So if you look at it from a distance, if

208
00:15:25,660 --> 00:15:27,480
you don't know the words, how they are pronounced,

209
00:15:27,940 --> 00:15:31,580
you think they rhyme. But in reality, they don't

210
00:15:31,580 --> 00:15:35,800
perfectly rhyme. They partially rhyme. We call

211
00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:38,840
this, it has different names. It's called

212
00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:42,160
imperfect rhyme. Or sometimes it's called I rhyme.

213
00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:45,220
You know I rhyme? Because you look at it, they

214
00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:48,860
sound like they would be rhyming but they don't

215
00:15:48,860 --> 00:15:53,900
rhyme perfectly. So what is this? It's still a

216
00:15:53,900 --> 00:15:56,420
couplet. This is a couplet because it has one

217
00:15:56,420 --> 00:15:59,600
idea. Come live with me and be my love and we will

218
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:04,020
all the pleasures prove. Is there a rhyme here?

219
00:16:04,500 --> 00:16:09,440
Yes, but the rhyme is imperfect. Imperfect is

220
00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:15,060
still a rhyme. Now, imperfect rhyme is still a

221
00:16:15,060 --> 00:16:18,120
rhyme. They rhyme, but they don't rhyme 100%. They

222
00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:22,120
rhyme like what, 60, 50%? Now, there is a

223
00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:27,660
justification for here. Sometimes, the poet uses

224
00:16:27,660 --> 00:16:30,020
imperfect rhyme to tell us there's something wrong

225
00:16:30,020 --> 00:16:35,710
here. Okay, so look at this. This is a poem, a man

226
00:16:35,710 --> 00:16:41,090
inviting his beloved to love him and live with

227
00:16:41,090 --> 00:16:44,790
him. Why? How is he trying to convince her? He's

228
00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:49,770
telling her, we will all the pleasures prove. We

229
00:16:49,770 --> 00:16:52,690
have all the pleasures in the world. In reality,

230
00:16:52,890 --> 00:16:56,090
no one has all the pleasures in the world. Nobody

231
00:16:56,090 --> 00:16:58,110
owns all the pleasures in the world. He's

232
00:16:58,110 --> 00:17:00,350
exaggerating.

233
00:17:02,990 --> 00:17:05,930
In reality, he's not telling the truth. And this

234
00:17:05,930 --> 00:17:11,790
sound here, Prove, is telling us that he's lying.

235
00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,980
Because he's trying to depict life to the woman as

236
00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:21,100
a perfect, you know, perfect life. But even the

237
00:17:21,100 --> 00:17:24,080
rhyme doesn't rhyme perfectly. That's the trick

238
00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:27,760
here. So the rhyme, the imperfect rhyme here tells

239
00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:31,300
us something about the idea. So there is

240
00:17:31,300 --> 00:17:33,940
imperfection in the poem and the imperfection is

241
00:17:33,940 --> 00:17:38,130
reflected in the imperfect rhyme. But what is the

242
00:17:38,130 --> 00:17:41,370
poet saying? He's saying, life is perfect. I own

243
00:17:41,370 --> 00:17:44,630
everything. All is fine. I own everything. We can

244
00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:47,290
have all the pleasures in the world. And the sound

245
00:17:47,290 --> 00:17:50,550
of the poem tells us he's lying, because the rhyme

246
00:17:50,550 --> 00:17:53,410
scheme is imperfect. It reflects something

247
00:17:53,410 --> 00:17:58,370
imperfect in the meaning, in the idea. Or simply,

248
00:17:58,470 --> 00:18:00,590
some people would say, but this is a very unpoetic

249
00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:03,670
answer, maybe during the time of Shakespeare or

250
00:18:03,670 --> 00:18:09,150
Marlowe, maybe these words Could have the same

251
00:18:09,150 --> 00:18:13,030
rhyme. Could have rhymed in the past, like three,

252
00:18:13,170 --> 00:18:16,470
four hundred years ago, maybe they rhymed. I don't

253
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:20,370
know how. Which is better to say love and problem

254
00:18:20,370 --> 00:18:22,290
or love and prove?

255
00:18:24,990 --> 00:18:27,810
Yeah, in my opinion, I think it's harsh to destroy

256
00:18:27,810 --> 00:18:32,600
love saying prove. Maybe you can play with it. But

257
00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:36,060
I don't know how they pronounce it. Maybe we can

258
00:18:36,060 --> 00:18:39,660
check this later on. So what's the point here?

259
00:18:40,340 --> 00:18:44,500
Sometimes this is not rhyme because the S here

260
00:18:44,500 --> 00:18:46,740
doesn't make rhyme. You need to check the letter,

261
00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:51,220
the sound before. Here we check the sound before

262
00:18:51,220 --> 00:18:55,100
and they don't perfectly rhyme. We call it

263
00:18:55,100 --> 00:19:00,480
imperfect rhyme or I rhyme. Is this important in

264
00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:05,100
the poem? Yes, because it reveals something about

265
00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:08,300
the poem, the meaning itself. The poet is saying,

266
00:19:08,500 --> 00:19:13,300
wait a minute. There is music and fun, but here we

267
00:19:13,300 --> 00:19:16,060
don't have perfect music. We don't have perfect

268
00:19:16,060 --> 00:19:18,480
music because something is wrong. What's wrong

269
00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:23,400
here? A poet lying to his woman. And the title of

270
00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:27,140
the poem here is The Shepherds. The shepherd, the

271
00:19:27,140 --> 00:19:31,820
speaker, the character, the man saying, come live

272
00:19:31,820 --> 00:19:33,860
with me and be my love, is a shepherd. And a

273
00:19:33,860 --> 00:19:38,560
shepherd is generally a poor man who takes care of

274
00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:43,140
sheep. If you are a shepherd, it's impossible for

275
00:19:43,140 --> 00:19:48,000
you to have all the pleasures in life, et cetera.

276
00:19:49,280 --> 00:19:52,510
OK? No more questions about the sonnet? Please do

277
00:19:52,510 --> 00:19:54,910
ask if you have any. The sonnet, go. So I didn't

278
00:19:54,910 --> 00:19:58,670
get it clearly, but is a rhyme scheme focused more

279
00:19:58,670 --> 00:20:01,710
on the letters rather than the sound? The sound,

280
00:20:01,810 --> 00:20:04,770
of course. No, the sound. When it comes to the

281
00:20:04,770 --> 00:20:11,110
rhyme, we care about the sound, not the letter.

282
00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:17,250
But verbs and verbs like, clearer than love and

283
00:20:17,250 --> 00:20:20,920
bruise? This one? No. Yeah, no. Sometimes yes,

284
00:20:21,020 --> 00:20:24,660
like why, why, why wouldn't this rhyme? Like

285
00:20:24,660 --> 00:20:26,360
because more important, this is an additional

286
00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:29,360
letter, like it just comes and goes. Drop and

287
00:20:29,360 --> 00:20:29,640
book?

288
00:20:33,860 --> 00:20:42,860
No way. Drop them. Book, book, book. No way. Even

289
00:20:42,860 --> 00:20:52,540
if we say for example, even if we say drop, it's

290
00:20:52,540 --> 00:20:56,220
not drop, it's drop, drop, drop, drop. It still

291
00:20:56,220 --> 00:21:00,760
doesn't rhyme, never rhymes. Drop and box, no way,

292
00:21:00,820 --> 00:21:06,600
there's no rhyme here. But with the S, does it

293
00:21:06,600 --> 00:21:10,250
rhyme? No, I don't think it rhymes here. But if

294
00:21:10,250 --> 00:21:14,150
you insist, it's okay, it's not a big deal. Yes?

295
00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:18,870
If there was a text and you asked us to write

296
00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:21,510
rhymes, and there was drops and box, shall we

297
00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:25,310
write drop A and box B? Yeah. But if you don't,

298
00:21:25,390 --> 00:21:28,490
because you're still beginners, it's not the end

299
00:21:28,490 --> 00:21:31,510
of the world. The same with love and hope? No, but

300
00:21:31,510 --> 00:21:35,170
this one, there is rhyme here. There is rhyme

301
00:21:35,170 --> 00:21:38,340
here. But it's imperfect. This is clearer than

302
00:21:38,340 --> 00:21:44,080
this in many ways. Good question. So because this

303
00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:46,840
is not year four, you're not about to graduate,

304
00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:49,120
you're still starting your life learning English,

305
00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:51,800
English poetry, and you're not native speakers. So

306
00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:57,900
sometimes there's a lot of flexibility. Yes. Go

307
00:21:57,900 --> 00:22:01,480
on, next. I want to ask something. Are the

308
00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:05,080
questions about history, for example, who invaded

309
00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:09,020
England, are they included in the exam? Listen,

310
00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:13,820
this is a course about... The literature itself or

311
00:22:13,820 --> 00:22:17,020
the situation? Yeah, we're not studying history,

312
00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:19,640
we're studying literature. This is an introduction

313
00:22:19,640 --> 00:22:25,260
to English literature course for beginners. And I

314
00:22:25,260 --> 00:22:27,300
said at the beginning, we're going to examine the

315
00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:32,420
literary texts in their historical context. We're

316
00:22:32,420 --> 00:22:35,280
going to study how history, historical events

317
00:22:35,280 --> 00:22:38,560
influenced literature, and how literature

318
00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:42,720
influenced life, changed life in a way or another.

319
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:46,540
But the focus, 80% of our focus is on the

320
00:22:46,540 --> 00:22:50,530
literature. okay some events in history are very

321
00:22:50,530 --> 00:22:52,890
important like the printing press you should know

322
00:22:52,890 --> 00:22:55,750
this this is a historical this is a scientific

323
00:22:55,750 --> 00:23:01,350
invention it's a historical event did it influence

324
00:23:01,350 --> 00:23:05,810
literature yes of course because you know mass

325
00:23:05,810 --> 00:23:11,230
production mass like people had more and more

326
00:23:11,230 --> 00:23:14,910
copies it took two years to make one copy of the

327
00:23:14,910 --> 00:23:21,720
bible but now One year, 200 copies. For example,

328
00:23:21,820 --> 00:23:25,260
the French invasion, the Normans, when they came

329
00:23:25,260 --> 00:23:27,500
to England, they influenced the language in the

330
00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:31,900
literature. So the focus is on the literature, but

331
00:23:31,900 --> 00:23:34,860
it is important to know the major historical

332
00:23:34,860 --> 00:23:39,240
events. For example, Britain was invaded by many

333
00:23:39,240 --> 00:23:42,540
people from Europe, Anglo, Saxons, Jews. That's

334
00:23:42,540 --> 00:23:46,640
not included. You should know this. Are you going

335
00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:50,180
to put a question in the exam? Maybe, but the

336
00:23:50,180 --> 00:23:53,860
question here is in the literary context, in the

337
00:23:53,860 --> 00:23:56,960
sense that, remember, when we spoke about Old

338
00:23:56,960 --> 00:24:01,640
English, we said At that time, we didn't have a

339
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:05,100
clear idea of what England is. Even the literature

340
00:24:05,100 --> 00:24:08,480
was not pure English in the sense we have now or

341
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,880
even the sense Shakespeare composed. Because

342
00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:16,380
people still came from different countries across

343
00:24:16,380 --> 00:24:21,180
Europe and they were using different languages. So

344
00:24:21,180 --> 00:24:23,880
did this, you know the invasions, did this

345
00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,420
influence the culture, the language, the

346
00:24:26,420 --> 00:24:29,080
literature? Yes, and that's the focus. So at that

347
00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:32,060
time we said England was trying to shape its

348
00:24:32,060 --> 00:24:36,720
identity. In the Middle Ages, Middle English,

349
00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:38,900
later on, like three, four, five hundred years

350
00:24:38,900 --> 00:24:41,780
later, we started speaking about English

351
00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:43,780
literature, pure English literature when we spoke

352
00:24:43,780 --> 00:24:46,580
about Chaucer. We said in Chaucer, there's always

353
00:24:46,580 --> 00:24:49,880
this insistence on being different. He began his

354
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,860
life, by the way, by imitating some Italian and

355
00:24:52,860 --> 00:24:56,480
French authors. But later on, he developed his own

356
00:24:56,480 --> 00:25:00,140
style. He focused on the Englishness of the

357
00:25:00,140 --> 00:25:04,590
literature. Because when you have your own

358
00:25:04,590 --> 00:25:06,810
country, you want to have your own culture and

359
00:25:06,810 --> 00:25:08,790
literature. You want to be different. You want to

360
00:25:08,790 --> 00:25:10,930
create your identity. Remember we spoke about the

361
00:25:10,930 --> 00:25:15,070
English identity when we mentioned Skelton, Philip

362
00:25:15,070 --> 00:25:19,610
Sparrow, vengeance I ask and cry. We said John

363
00:25:19,610 --> 00:25:22,510
Skilton was an important poet at that time because

364
00:25:22,510 --> 00:25:26,270
in a way he was helping shape the English

365
00:25:26,270 --> 00:25:29,270
identity. And in his poetry, we can find poetry

366
00:25:29,270 --> 00:25:31,330
that is different from the poetry of Europe,

367
00:25:32,170 --> 00:25:36,710
mainly Italy and France. In his poetry, there's a

368
00:25:36,710 --> 00:25:39,550
strong sense of the English identity. What is the

369
00:25:39,550 --> 00:25:42,530
English identity? What it means to be English?

370
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:47,290
What makes you different from Italians and French?

371
00:25:49,290 --> 00:25:56,010
Number one, your language, right? Number two, your

372
00:25:56,010 --> 00:25:58,910
literature, your poetry, the stories, the

373
00:25:58,910 --> 00:26:02,110
narratives, the customs, the habits. So they were

374
00:26:02,110 --> 00:26:04,910
focusing on the things that make them different.

375
00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:09,070
So these invasions are important because English

376
00:26:09,070 --> 00:26:11,930
as a language is actually originally from

377
00:26:11,930 --> 00:26:16,930
different languages. There are Latin roots, German

378
00:26:16,930 --> 00:26:19,750
roots, French words, many French words, even Arab

379
00:26:19,750 --> 00:26:22,850
words. English is naturally a very flexible

380
00:26:22,850 --> 00:26:28,030
language. It borrows from all the languages. So

381
00:26:28,030 --> 00:26:30,690
the invasions are important to understand because

382
00:26:30,690 --> 00:26:33,770
this is how England became England. It became

383
00:26:33,770 --> 00:26:37,640
diversity. There is now a strong movement in

384
00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:41,220
England and in the United States that is described

385
00:26:41,220 --> 00:26:45,360
as white supremacy where people say England is for

386
00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:48,540
the white, only the white people and America is

387
00:26:48,540 --> 00:26:51,940
for the white people. This is really silly because

388
00:26:52,590 --> 00:26:55,410
Racism. Because of racism, yeah. But also because

389
00:26:55,410 --> 00:26:58,410
England and America, now they started on diversity

390
00:26:58,410 --> 00:27:01,010
in a sense. People from across Europe came there.

391
00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:04,070
People from across Europe went to America. And

392
00:27:04,070 --> 00:27:08,090
there was this reconstructuring of they found a

393
00:27:08,090 --> 00:27:12,550
body of 10,000 years ago in England. And when they

394
00:27:12,550 --> 00:27:15,750
did experiments and tests, they realized that one,

395
00:27:16,230 --> 00:27:21,540
he's a black man. in England. He was there 10,000

396
00:27:21,540 --> 00:27:24,780
years ago. And he's considered, I guess, the

397
00:27:24,780 --> 00:27:28,980
father of 20% of the English people now. So

398
00:27:28,980 --> 00:27:33,400
there's the idea of pure race is a lie. It's not

399
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,880
true. It's a fabrication. People have always

400
00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:40,840
coexisted together. Why is this man black man in

401
00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:43,440
England? Because people crossed borders searching

402
00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:46,460
for safety, for food, coexisted in a way or

403
00:27:46,460 --> 00:27:51,150
another. Please. Some of the names are really hard

404
00:27:51,150 --> 00:27:53,690
to spell. If you misspell something. No worries

405
00:27:53,690 --> 00:27:57,050
about spelling. But like Machiavelli, for example.

406
00:27:58,750 --> 00:28:01,970
OK. Not easy to spell, but try to train it to get

407
00:28:01,970 --> 00:28:05,030
as close as possible. Don't give me, for example,

408
00:28:05,070 --> 00:28:06,830
don't spell spaghetti.

409
00:28:09,110 --> 00:28:12,210
Machiavelli is Machiavelli. What difficult names.

410
00:28:12,530 --> 00:28:15,130
But again, most importantly, I don't want you to

411
00:28:15,130 --> 00:28:16,090
misspell Shakespeare.

412
00:28:19,130 --> 00:28:22,870
I feel sad that's shakes you know shake shakes

413
00:28:22,870 --> 00:28:27,830
shaking shake before use yes she shakes the i

414
00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:31,510
don't know the juice before use it's a shake and

415
00:28:31,510 --> 00:28:35,470
then or shake spear i don't know how you would do

416
00:28:35,470 --> 00:28:40,150
this either shake or shakes and then or spear

417
00:28:40,150 --> 00:28:42,990
because spear is another word but this e is extra

418
00:28:44,620 --> 00:28:47,200
Did I tell you that Shakespeare spelled his name,

419
00:28:47,460 --> 00:28:53,160
signed his name in 17 different ways? None of

420
00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:59,240
them, ironically, none of them is this one. And

421
00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:02,340
this is how crazy life is. So you spell your name

422
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:05,120
17 different ways, hoping that people would pick

423
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:07,900
one of them. Because remember, spelling, there was

424
00:29:07,900 --> 00:29:14,170
no standard for spelling. There were no rules for

425
00:29:14,170 --> 00:29:17,630
spelling. People would spell different ways. Only

426
00:29:17,630 --> 00:29:20,370
in the 18th century, people started to have rules.

427
00:29:20,510 --> 00:29:23,850
Do this, don't do that, drop this, changes. So

428
00:29:23,850 --> 00:29:26,790
this is Shakespeare. You usually forget either

429
00:29:26,790 --> 00:29:32,570
this E or this E. So Shakespeare. Shakespeare.

430
00:29:33,510 --> 00:29:39,170
He's dumb. Maybe he's going to feel sad if you do

431
00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:43,410
that. This, we want to really appreciate

432
00:29:43,410 --> 00:29:46,590
Shakespeare for what he does. What other names do

433
00:29:46,590 --> 00:29:52,730
you find difficult? Bewolf? No, no, no. In The

434
00:29:52,730 --> 00:29:57,270
Chaucer, there is an Italian writings of

435
00:29:57,270 --> 00:30:02,430
Bastastione. Listen, if it is something I skipped,

436
00:30:02,490 --> 00:30:08,410
you just skip it. If I skip names of authors,

437
00:30:08,530 --> 00:30:11,550
names of texts, you just skip them. But other than

438
00:30:11,550 --> 00:30:14,630
this, the background, the talk, the brief

439
00:30:14,630 --> 00:30:16,650
description about the age, about the writer, about

440
00:30:16,650 --> 00:30:19,470
the texts, please go through them. And I want you

441
00:30:19,470 --> 00:30:21,430
to read what is in the book because this is how

442
00:30:21,430 --> 00:30:24,550
you improve your writing and your English.

443
00:30:27,170 --> 00:30:30,010
The name, the authors, the texts we study, we

444
00:30:30,010 --> 00:30:34,550
examine, we mention in this class. If I skip

445
00:30:34,550 --> 00:30:37,410
something, any name, any text, you just skip it.

446
00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:43,500
Please. Are we going to be asked to summarize what

447
00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:47,120
they place on Shakespeare? Generally, no. You

448
00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:50,380
won't. But maybe, for example, one of your

449
00:30:50,380 --> 00:30:53,760
questions is going to ask you to contextualize.

450
00:30:57,460 --> 00:31:00,060
Anyway, I shouldn't be speaking about this now

451
00:31:00,060 --> 00:31:03,240
because we'll talk about this when we approach the

452
00:31:03,240 --> 00:31:08,240
exams. You know, context. to contextualize a text.

453
00:31:09,560 --> 00:31:12,560
So I'll ask you for example to bring you five

454
00:31:12,560 --> 00:31:18,060
extracts from poems or texts we studied and I ask

455
00:31:18,060 --> 00:31:21,520
you to contextualize three or four of them. I

456
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:24,740
usually give you more choices so more flexibility.

457
00:31:26,260 --> 00:31:29,380
Okay question number one is to be or not to be

458
00:31:29,380 --> 00:31:33,720
that is the question. So number one you put it in

459
00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:40,160
its context you tell me This is by Hamlet from

460
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:47,740
Hamlet by Shakespeare Hamlet is a tragedy of a

461
00:31:47,740 --> 00:31:53,520
young prince who wanted to take revenge because

462
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:59,920
his uncle killed his father Most importantly,

463
00:32:00,100 --> 00:32:02,840
focus on the text I give you. However, because

464
00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:06,660
Hamlet is a modern man, a university student, he's

465
00:32:06,660 --> 00:32:10,980
in conflict. To kill or not to kill? To be or not

466
00:32:10,980 --> 00:32:14,660
to be? To die or not to die? And this is Hamlet's

467
00:32:14,660 --> 00:32:21,000
tragic flaw. You know tragedy, tragic? His

468
00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:25,890
weakness is hesitation. Sloth, hesitation. You

469
00:32:25,890 --> 00:32:29,450
know hesitation? To be or not to be. To kill or

470
00:32:29,450 --> 00:32:32,070
not to kill. Play or not to play. Exactly. He

471
00:32:32,070 --> 00:32:34,710
hesitates. That's it. This is called

472
00:32:34,710 --> 00:32:38,910
contextualization. But although he is a

473
00:32:38,910 --> 00:32:44,110
philosopher, nevertheless, he has a little gold in

474
00:32:44,110 --> 00:32:49,330
his coffer. This is from The Canterbury Tales by

475
00:32:49,330 --> 00:32:53,690
Chaucer. This couplet, this rhyming couplet,

476
00:32:53,850 --> 00:32:59,060
right? Okay, it has irony, but probably before

477
00:32:59,060 --> 00:33:02,440
this, give me the context. It tells the story of a

478
00:33:02,440 --> 00:33:07,380
philosopher who instead of collecting knowledge,

479
00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:12,700
is collecting money. There is irony here because

480
00:33:12,700 --> 00:33:16,760
Chaucer is making fun of the new habits of the

481
00:33:16,760 --> 00:33:21,380
society. Short paragraphs like these, okay? Clear?

482
00:33:24,080 --> 00:33:26,040
Focus on the line. What do we have in the line?

483
00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:28,300
When you tell me this is a couplet, you save

484
00:33:28,300 --> 00:33:30,160
yourself a lot of time. Instead of saying the

485
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:32,240
rhyme and there is a rhyme in one topic, you say a

486
00:33:32,240 --> 00:33:33,520
couplet. Oh, excellent.

487
00:33:38,620 --> 00:33:44,120
Okay, again, this extract is taken from Canterbury

488
00:33:44,120 --> 00:33:49,420
Tales by Chaucer. That's number one. In this

489
00:33:49,420 --> 00:33:52,840
extract, in this couplet, Chaucer is criticizing

490
00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:57,140
the new habits of the society. Here, we have a

491
00:33:57,140 --> 00:33:59,780
philosopher who is interested more in collecting

492
00:33:59,780 --> 00:34:06,060
money than in knowledge. There is irony in a

493
00:34:06,060 --> 00:34:10,280
little gold, because a little gold is still a lot

494
00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:10,720
of money.

495
00:34:13,460 --> 00:34:17,700
Something like this. This is called

496
00:34:17,700 --> 00:34:21,300
contextualization. You don't have to memorize the

497
00:34:21,300 --> 00:34:24,640
lines, but if you do, it will really be fun for

498
00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:28,620
you. I will not ask you to recite something or

499
00:34:28,620 --> 00:34:31,760
write a complete line or something. But when you

500
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:34,920
memorize lines, does anyone memorize anything? No.

501
00:34:35,180 --> 00:34:38,320
Other than have not a Jewite or something? You

502
00:34:38,320 --> 00:34:41,560
should, it's really fun. For God's sake, or shall

503
00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:43,980
I compare thee to summer's day? You feel like, oh

504
00:34:43,980 --> 00:34:46,540
my God, I know more English than anyone else. You

505
00:34:46,540 --> 00:34:49,840
feel proud of yourself. You feel confident. So

506
00:34:49,840 --> 00:34:53,140
long as men can, and listen, very easy. Seriously,

507
00:34:53,320 --> 00:34:56,480
one of the students was like, the boy was telling

508
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:58,800
me the other day that Shakespeare is difficult. I

509
00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:01,700
hate Shakespeare. I said, this is a misconception.

510
00:35:01,940 --> 00:35:04,980
This is a prejudice. Did you study anything about

511
00:35:04,980 --> 00:35:06,400
Shakespeare? Did you read anything about

512
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:09,280
Shakespeare? Not much. When you read his poetry,

513
00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:13,620
to be or not to be, that is the question. Yes,

514
00:35:13,820 --> 00:35:15,800
it's not this simplistic, but it's easy to

515
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:18,480
understand. So long as men can breathe, our eyes

516
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:20,520
can see. So long lives this, and this gives life

517
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:22,120
to it. That's why I usually advise my students,

518
00:35:22,140 --> 00:35:24,020
when you learn things about poetry, Shakespeare,

519
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:28,540
go, all of you use social media. Post this on your

520
00:35:28,540 --> 00:35:32,260
Facebook, on Twitter, on Instagram, Snapchat. Use

521
00:35:32,260 --> 00:35:36,640
them in your life. Today I want all of you to go

522
00:35:36,640 --> 00:35:39,580
home and when you have electricity, if you have

523
00:35:39,580 --> 00:35:44,060
electricity, you just type and every fare from

524
00:35:44,060 --> 00:35:46,660
fare sometime declines. One of the most beautiful

525
00:35:46,660 --> 00:35:51,370
lines ever. Start shifting your life, your

526
00:35:51,370 --> 00:35:53,710
Facebook, your social media, everything into

527
00:35:53,710 --> 00:35:57,590
English. I'm sure you're going to benefit a lot.

528
00:35:58,330 --> 00:36:01,050
So when people ask, what does this mean? Your aunt

529
00:36:01,050 --> 00:36:04,650
or your uncle will be like, wow, we're proud of

530
00:36:04,650 --> 00:36:09,470
you. When people ask you what it means, you just

531
00:36:09,470 --> 00:36:14,570
explain it to them. Translating or just

532
00:36:14,570 --> 00:36:20,530
explaining. Yes, more questions. More, please. I

533
00:36:20,530 --> 00:36:24,090
always knew that Shakespeare's style is three

534
00:36:24,090 --> 00:36:26,370
-verse. I never knew that his poems

535
00:36:30,220 --> 00:36:35,000
Shakespeare mainly wrote in verse. His sonnets are

536
00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:39,240
classical English verse. But his plays, because

537
00:36:39,240 --> 00:36:43,280
when you write a 5000 line play, you can't make

538
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:46,720
them rhyme in any particular way. So generally

539
00:36:46,720 --> 00:36:51,330
this is called blank verse. What's blank verse?

540
00:36:52,050 --> 00:36:55,910
It's verse but doesn't rhyme. Generally in the

541
00:36:55,910 --> 00:36:58,370
play because it's very difficult to make the whole

542
00:36:58,370 --> 00:37:01,490
play rhyme A B A B or A B C A B C or something.

543
00:37:02,630 --> 00:37:06,630
And this is totally different from, totally

544
00:37:06,630 --> 00:37:11,130
different from free verse. Free verse is something

545
00:37:11,130 --> 00:37:14,990
that appeared probably 200 years ago. Free verse.

546
00:37:15,390 --> 00:37:18,510
Generally in blank verse, we have music, we have

547
00:37:18,510 --> 00:37:23,050
rhythm, but we don't have rhyme. We don't have

548
00:37:23,050 --> 00:37:28,970
rhyme. Free verse, generally no music and no

549
00:37:28,970 --> 00:37:33,610
rhyme. It's the poetry that most people write

550
00:37:33,610 --> 00:37:36,590
nowadays, 20th century, 21st century.

551
00:37:39,330 --> 00:37:42,310
In his plays, Shakespeare and Marlowe, they

552
00:37:42,310 --> 00:37:47,450
adopted blank verse. Because if they want to focus

553
00:37:47,450 --> 00:37:52,110
on the rhyme, it's going to be really very

554
00:37:52,110 --> 00:37:54,650
restricting in a sense. Last point, one minute,

555
00:37:54,790 --> 00:37:54,990
yes?

556
00:37:58,710 --> 00:38:02,690
Of course, yeah, of course many and that's why

557
00:38:02,690 --> 00:38:04,890
he's the father of English poetry or English

558
00:38:04,890 --> 00:38:07,850
literature We're only studying the Canterbury

559
00:38:07,850 --> 00:38:10,850
tales. I'll stop here. Thank you very much for

560
00:38:10,850 --> 00:38:14,230
these questions if you have more questions, feel

561
00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:15,670
free to ask Thank you