PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/b6knXDCe8yI.srt

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Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm

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going to explain causative verbs causative

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verbs in English

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So we are going to see causative verbs in English

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and Arabic. Okay? Causativity is available in both

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languages. But what does it mean causative verb?

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We have a common structure for the causative verb

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in English. It shows somebody or something is

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indirectly responsible for an action.

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So it shows that somebody or something is

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indirectly responsible for an action is the causer

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of an action.

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So here the subject may not be responsible for the

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performance of the action itself, but causes

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someone or something else to do it.

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So we have the causative there, it refers to

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the action which is done indirectly by someone or

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something. Okay? This does not necessarily mean

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that the subject is the doer of the action. It may

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be the indirect doer of the action. Okay? We have

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active causative verbs and passive causative verbs

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like any other verbs in English or even in Arabic.

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So simply this structure is used when someone

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causes something to happen or when a person causes

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another one to take an action. For example,

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railway station security had everyone show their

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tickets. Railway station security had everyone

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show their tickets. The ticket collector is the

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person who directs, who is directly responsible

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for the action. But what about the railway station

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security? This is indirect. Once I say, for

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example, the government had

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the project done. If the government, the direct

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object, you have the tenderer and the workers who

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are responsible directly for the action. Okay? So

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once we speak about indirect doer of the action, I

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mean someone causes another one to do the action.

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Okay? Railway station security had everyone show

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their tickets. Okay? Now, we have had as a

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causative verb have this structurally takes bare

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infinitive you still remember the sensation verbs

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once we explained the infinitive and gerund we

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mentioned that the sensation verbs do not have

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they only take bare infinitive except help or let

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and make they take both bare infinitive and two

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infinitive you still recall that now for the

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causative verbs some of them take only bare

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infinitive and some others take two infinitive

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okay complete infinitive the

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tutor made his students do an oral interpretation

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The tutor made his students do an oral

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interpretation. Is the tutor the doer of the

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action? He is indirect doer of the action. The

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students are the direct doers of the actions.

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Okay? So do is a causative verb. Okay? Sorry make,

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make is accusative verb. So it has bare infinitive

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do the tutor made his students do an oral

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interpretation I had Bill fix the van the van I

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had Bill fix the van the van so you have had as

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accusative verb it has fix as bare infinitive we

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don't have here two verbs we have only one verb

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one causative verb had the second is bare

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infinitive okay I had the van fixed this is

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passive I had Bill fix the van this is active you

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have the subject once you cross out the subject

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then and made the required changes for Passive

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requirements. You have a sentence like I had the

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van fixed. Van is an object. Okay, here it becomes

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derived subject plus the past participle of the

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verb fix. I had the van fixed.

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So we have active causative verbs and passive

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causative verbs the active causative verbs have

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specific structure subject you have overt subject

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causative verb agent يعني the doer of the action

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the real doer of the action then bare infinitive

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or too infinitive you complete the sentence with

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object complement the judge had the lawyer defend

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the suspect the judge this is subject had this

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causative verb the lawyer the lawyer this is the

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lawyer this is the agent okay the real doer of the

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action then the suspect Okay. Which is the object.

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Okay. We have the bare infinitive preceding the

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subject that is defend. So we have the subject,

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the causative verb, the agent, the bare

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infinitive, and the object. Okay. Or object

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complement. So the judge had the lawyer defend the

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suspect. The judge had the advocate defend the

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subject. The same thing.

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The English department of the university made all

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staff members attend the stylistics seminar.

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The English department of the university, this is

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direct, Subject, this is, it is subject, indirect,

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okay, made this causative verb. All staff members,

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this is the agent, attend their infinitive, the

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stylistic seminar object.

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Okay.

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So we have the agent, as you see, maybe a person

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or something, okay, to whom is caused to take an

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action. The agent is caused to do the action. The

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agent is caused to do the action.

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We have lots of causative verbs in English, okay?

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like require sorry we have convince we have have

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let and make okay these require only bare

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infinitive have let and make three causative verbs

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three causative verbs have only bare infinitive we

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have have let and make these are three causative

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verbs okay they directly take bare infinitive okay

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we have other verbs they take two infinitives such

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as convince allow, encourage, permit, employ,

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help, get, require, motivate, hire, assist,

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permit, command, force, order, remind, urge,

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enforce. These are causative verbs, but they have

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two infinitives. However, we have three causative

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verbs like have, let, and make. They only take

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Their infinitive. The lawyer convinced the judge

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to reduce the fine. Convinced. So we have to

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reduce. The teacher encouraged the students to

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apply for the scholarships. to apply because we

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have encouraged. The boss required new employees

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to attend training sessions twice a week to attend

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because we have required. The magazine encouraged

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all readers to submit suggestions for future

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issues. Okay, so we have encouraged and we have to

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submit. Okay, it's very simple rule. All causative

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verbs accept to infinitive except we have, let and

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make.

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No, no, no. They accept, have, let and make,

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except here as causative verb, as causative once

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they hold the meaning of causativity, then they

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have only bare infinitive. We are going to explain

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anyway. The active causative.

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Once we say the magazine should encourage all

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readers to submit suggestions for future issues.

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What do you call this sentence? Active or passive?

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The magazine should encourage all readers to

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submit suggestions for future issues. This is

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active. Okay?

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So you have the subject, the magazine. Should,

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this is modal auxiliary verb. Encourage, this is

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causative verb. Okay? All readers. Agent. To

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submit, we have the infinitive to infinitive,

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okay? To submit suggestions for future issues, we

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have object and object complement, okay?

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Teachers should ask students to make responses for

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every class they attend. teachers, the subject

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should model auxiliary, ask causative verb,

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students agent to make responses for every class

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they attend responses this is object for every

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class they attend this is object complement.

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So the most common causative verbs of all the

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verbs we mentioned just a minute ago are get,

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have, let, help. So you have get, have, let, help.

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These have their own rules. They have their own

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rules in English. So we have get,

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okay?

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Will get my car maintained before this winter. I 

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Will get my car maintained before this winter is

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this active or passive? Passive passive

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construction So it consists of the verb get the

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causative verb get Then we have person or thing

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then you have two plus the verb, I will get my car

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mentioned, maintained before this winter. Okay.

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Here we have the construction means to convince

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someone to do something or to trick someone into

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doing something. Semantically, get here means

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convince okay I will get my car maintained by this

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winter okay this means that I will convince

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someone to have maintenance to my car before

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winter okay how can teachers get their students to

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read more now once you have active then you have

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the to infinitive once you have passive You have

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bare infinitive. I will get my car maintained

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before this winter. So maintained is passive. I

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will get my car maintained before this winter.

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Okay? How can teachers get their students to read

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more? This is active sentence. We have the agent.

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Al-Aqsa TV commercials are trying to get people to

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stop smoking. Active. Okay. Now, we have have. The

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causative verb have takes bare infinitive. The

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doctor had his nurse take the patient's

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temperature. Is it available to say the doctor had

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his nurse to take the patient's temperature? It's

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not accepted. okay so the verb have takes bare

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infinitive please have your secretary forward me

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the email so you have the bare infinitive forward

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I had the technician check the photography machine

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had so we have check this is bare infinitive okay

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for get I mean the causative verb get this is in

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case of active it takes two infinitives complete

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infinitive he got the mechanic to check his brakes

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at first the mechanic didn't think it was

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necessary but he convinced him to check the brakes

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get here means convince okay

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so this is active construction so you have to

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check complete infinitive I had the mechanic check

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my brakes I had the mechanic check my brakes I

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asked the mechanic to check the brakes had here

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means ask so it had only bare infinitive as I

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mentioned previously have takes bare infinitive

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only now make the causative verb make as i

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mentioned it takes only bare infinitive

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repaired after the Furqan War in Gaza last year.

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Ahmed had his house repaired, repaired by someone.

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So the agent is absent here because this is

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passive construction. Ahmed had his house repaired

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after the Furqan War in Gaza last year. So we have

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had as a causative verb, we have repaired as

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passive construction. This is the past participle.

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Okay? The action, the real doer of the action is

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absent for the requirements of passive

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construction. President Obama had his speech

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written by a very talented group of writers.

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President Obama had, this is causative verb, had

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his speech written. The subject is absent by a

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very talented group, written. So we have, in case

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of having passive, we change the bare infinitive

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into past participle. In both cases, the person

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Ahmed and President Obama arranged for something

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repairing a house or writing a speech to be done

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by a third person.

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For the passive sentence structure, you know, it

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consists of the subject, causative verb, object,

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not agent. The agent is available for making me

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active. Okay? Then the past participle, not bare

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infinitive. I had the van turned up. Okay?

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He had his home air conditioned system

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He had his home air conditioning system installed a

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week ago. So we have installed past participle for

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the causative verb had or have mainly because this

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construction is active or passive? Passive. But in

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case of active, we have bare infinitive.

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Installed. Okay. I got my car washed and waxed at

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the new service station. Good. This is causative

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there. So we have the past participle washed

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because this is passive. Okay. So in passivization

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structure, we have the past participle and the

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subject is absent. However, in active, we have the

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agent or the real subject present plus the verb,

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per infinitive or to infinitive. It depends on the

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type of the causative verb. I got my car washed

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and waxed at the new service station. Although she

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hates the dentist, she has had her teeth cleaned

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regularly.

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has had so have here is a causative verb but it is

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passive because the agent is deleted and now we

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have the past participle cleaned you good that

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okay in

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case of need and want okay

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The verb need or want may appear in passive

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causative sentences.

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In cases

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where the causative verb have or get are deleted

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from the sentence. So they can be replaced by

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need, want I need to have the van turned up sorry

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tuned up I need the van tuned up I need okay I

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need to have or I need the van directly okay the

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modal auxiliary may be used with a causative verb

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as well okay to express suggestion by the speaker

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himself you should have your hair your hair cut

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you should have your hair cut okay I have my hair

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cut okay the subject is absent the subject is the

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stylist who cut my hair okay I had my hair cut

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this is passive since we have had then we have the

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past participle in passive. In case of active, we

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have had plus bare infinitive. Okay? So don't mix

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between the function of had or have in active and

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its function in passive. In case of active, you

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00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:23,750
have to use bare infinitive. In case of passive,

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then past participle. Okay? So we have the

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modal auxiliary as we mentioned, can be used with

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causative sentence to express suggestions by the

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speaker.

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so the construction is subject modal auxiliary

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verb causative verb object or past participle you

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should have his pants ironed okay this means that

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the person who is going to iron the pants, the

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pants is absent. Someone, he should have his pants

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00:27:13,770 --> 00:27:17,450
ironed. So we have have plus the past participle,

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00:27:17,670 --> 00:27:23,410
this is passive, and we can normally use or we can

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easily use the modal auxiliary should or would in

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00:27:28,710 --> 00:27:30,430
this sentence, okay?

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00:27:34,050 --> 00:27:41,150
Now, we have causativity in Arabic, okay? So, to

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00:27:41,150 --> 00:27:45,070
sum up this story, the story of causativity, we

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have lots of causative verbs they all together

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take two infinitives in case of active past

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participle in case of passive the agent must be

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present in case of active the agent is absent in

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case of passive still we have some irregular

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causative verbs which only take bare infinitive

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they are let have and make okay Now, do you have

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this construction available in Arabic? Yes, we

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have. Okay?

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00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:35,140
We have the causativity in Arabic caused by what

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00:28:35,140 --> 00:28:40,300
was called a blout or gemination. يعني التشديد

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الشدّة يعني doubling. Okay?

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The verb

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We have here the verb هدمة it changed to هدمة. We

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have the short vowel فتحة instead of كسرة هدمة

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becomes هدمة Hadama here is a causative verb,

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00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:18,940
okay? Available or done by having what is called a

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plout. The plout construction is the use of the

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case, the causative case instead of genitive case.

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When I say hadima, this is Genitive case then we

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have the accusative case in having hadama Okay So

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we have The

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stem hadima itself cannot configure it a

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meaningful sentence Okay

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but in case of being changed to هدمة by having

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accusative case instead of genitive then we have a

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meaning okay so

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the second sound has

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00:30:21,190 --> 00:30:28,130
the accusative case هدمة when I say هدمة I can't

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00:30:28,130 --> 00:30:33,240
say هدمة العدو المنزلة But I say هدم العدو المنزلة

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Okay هدم العدو المنزلة هدم is a causative verb We

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have حَزِنَة Be sad حَزَنَة This is make sad

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خَرِبَ Be destroyed خَرَبَ this is destroy hazina,

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be ridiculed hazia, sorry hazia, be ridiculed

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00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:18,520
hazia, ridiculed najiza,

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00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:28,620
be implemented najiza, implement okay khafia

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00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:38,980
Be hidden خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

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خَفَة خَفَة

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خَ Okay So the second verbs are the causative

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verbs when I say for example These

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are causative verbs causing caused by what is

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00:32:21,250 --> 00:32:24,950
called a blout construction the blout construction

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00:32:24,950 --> 00:32:30,630
means the change of the short vowel from kasra

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00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:37,250
genitive to fatha in the second letter okay on the

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second consonant sound no no gemination is another

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00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:47,270
thing this

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00:32:47,270 --> 00:32:51,850
is called doubling or what is called gemination so

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another way for causing causatives in Arabic

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we can say hazana okay you we have two ways for

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00:33:04,570 --> 00:33:07,570
making causatives in arabic either by using a play

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00:33:07,570 --> 00:33:11,150
out for some verbs or by using gemination

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00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:15,530
gemination cannot be available for all verbs and

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00:33:15,530 --> 00:33:18,410
also a play out construction cannot be applicable

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00:33:18,410 --> 00:33:22,270
for all verbs in arabic okay and we have two

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00:33:22,270 --> 00:33:26,990
categories of causative verbs in arabic some of

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00:33:26,990 --> 00:33:31,600
them are available with allowed construction and

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some others only accept gemination to be

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constructed or to give the meaning of causativity

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00:33:38,460 --> 00:33:48,500
in Arabic okay so gemination حَزِنَ حَزَّنَ okay

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00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:56,680
طيب

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00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:04,160
حَزَّنَ فُقْدَانُ الْإِبْنِ أُمَّهُ Hazzana

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Fuqdanu Al-Ibni Ummahu هَدِّمَ

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هَدَّمَ

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Haddama Haddama العدو المنزلَ العدو المنزلَ The

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00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:19,520
enemy destroyed the house هدّمَ هدّمَ is causative

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00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:19,940
there

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00:34:26,850 --> 00:34:36,690
خرِبَ خَرَّبَ نَجِزَ نَجَّزَ سَمِنَ

377
00:34:36,690 --> 00:34:43,290
سَمَّنَ نَشِطَ

378
00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:50,290
نَشَّطَ ضحكَ

379
00:34:50,290 --> 00:34:56,090
ضحكَ نَمَ نَوَّمَ

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00:34:58,070 --> 00:35:12,730
عطسة عطسة عطسة okay بكى بكى okay فهمه فهمه okay

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00:35:12,730 --> 00:35:23,730
درسه درسه okay as I said فهمه فهمه make understand

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علمه علمه Shariba, sharaba. Hamala, hammala. Okay,

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00:35:34,490 --> 00:35:40,430
so we have these are considered as causative verbs

384
00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:46,010
in Arabic, but you have them taking the same

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00:35:46,010 --> 00:35:49,530
constructions as English. Is there any sort of

386
00:35:49,530 --> 00:35:53,050
similarity between English causativity and Arabic

387
00:35:53,050 --> 00:35:58,250
causativity here? They are highly divergent. Both

388
00:35:58,250 --> 00:36:01,490
languages are different in this construction. We

389
00:36:01,490 --> 00:36:04,910
don't have gymnasium in English. We don't have a

390
00:36:04,910 --> 00:36:09,250
blout construction in English. Okay? In Arabic, we

391
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:12,930
don't have also bare infinitive or two

392
00:36:12,930 --> 00:36:16,390
infinitives. Okay? So both languages are

393
00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:19,510
different. This means that any mistake committed

394
00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:23,550
in this regard is interlingual or interlingual.

395
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,840
Intralingual. It is not caused by Arabic. It is

396
00:36:28,840 --> 00:36:33,120
caused by the difficulty of English. Is that

397
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:38,160
clear? Very good. Okay, that's it for today. Now

398
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:40,940
we are going to shift to discussion or

399
00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:43,840
presentations about the previous subject. Okay.