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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bacterial
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genetics ู‡ู†ู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุจู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌุฏุง ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู†
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ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
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ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅุจูŠุฒูˆู…
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ูˆุงู„ุฅุจูŠุฒูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุญู‚ุง ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ูŠุง ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ
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ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ mutation ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
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ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูƒู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุทููŠู ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ูƒุงุฆู†
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ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญู„ู…ุงู† ุฃุนุทุงู†ุง ุฎู…ุณ
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varieties ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุตู†ุงู ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ survival
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ูุงู„ู…utation ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ micro organism
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ single chromosome ุฅุฐุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง only one
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copy of the gene ูุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุทูุฑุฉ ูุณุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
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phenotype ุณุจุนุชู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ eukaryotes ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุทูุฑุฉ
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ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gene ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
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ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุบุทูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
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ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ูุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:38,760
ุฃุณุฑุน ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ genetic variation ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
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ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ genetic variation ุชู†ุดุฃ ุนู† ุฅู…ุง
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00:01:42,060 --> 00:01:45,610
mutation ูˆุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู„ mutation ูƒู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุตู†ููŠู†
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spontaneous ูˆ induced ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ gene
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00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:52,130
transfer ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ transformation
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ูˆุตูู†ุงู‡ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ free take up of DNA ุฃูˆ uptake ู„ู„
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DNA ู…ู† ุงู„ surroundings ุงู„ conjugation ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงู†
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ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ transduction ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ ู…ู†
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ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ generalized ูˆุงู„ specialized
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00:02:06,010 --> 00:02:09,750
ุญู†ู…ุฑ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงุณู…ู‡ lysogenic
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conversion ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุงุฑ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง profage
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00:02:13,980 --> 00:02:16,640
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆูุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Profagia ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ Profagia ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Lysogenized cell ุฃูˆ
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Lysogenized bacteria ูˆุงุฎุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„
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gene ููŠ ุงู„ genetic variation ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู„ Protoplast
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fusion wherein you unite two cells into one single
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cell ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ combination ู…ู† ุงู„ genome ุชุจุน
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00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:41,700
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ genome ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง
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00:02:41,700 --> 00:02:44,440
ุจุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุญูˆุงุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ mutation
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00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:48,140
ูˆูƒู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตู†ูุงู† ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ base
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substitution ูˆุงู„ frame shift ูˆุงู„ frame shift
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00:02:50,820 --> 00:02:55,740
ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฅู…ุง insertion ุฃูˆ deletion ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
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ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ mutation ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ sequence ุฅูŠุด
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00:02:59,580 --> 00:03:04,140
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sequenceุŸ ุงู„ุชุนุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ structure ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
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00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:11,200
base substitution ุฃูˆ frame shift ูˆู„ู„ู€ frame shift
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00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:15,160
ู‚ู„ู†ุง insertion ุฃูˆ deletion ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
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00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:21,500
ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ mutagenes ุงู„ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ
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00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:25,960
ู„ู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุทุจุนุง
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00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:29,340
ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท
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00:03:29,340 --> 00:03:36,540
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ุทูุฑุฉ ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูŠูˆุชุงุฌูŠู†
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00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:40,480
chemicals ุฒูŠ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุชุจุน ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:44,680
alkalating agent ุญู†ู…ุฑ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง five
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00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:49,080
bromioracil five bromioracil ู‡ูˆ structural analog
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00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:52,720
ูˆุจุฏุฃ ุฃุดุฑุญ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ structural analog ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
55
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ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ููŠ
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00:03:57,060 --> 00:04:02,600
ุงู„ micro biome ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุชูˆุฃู… ุทูู„ูŠู† ุชูˆุฃู… ุชู…ุงู…
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00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:08,740
identical ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุฃู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡
58
00:04:08,740 --> 00:04:15,660
ู…ุจู„ุบ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุจูŠุตุฑููˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ
59
00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:20,680
ุจูŠุฏุจุฑ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ู…ู„ุงุจุณุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
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00:04:20,680 --> 00:04:23,880
ู„ูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ูˆ ูŠุถุจู‡
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00:04:23,880 --> 00:04:29,230
ููŠ ุฌูŠุจู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ original ุงู„ุทูู„
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00:04:29,230 --> 00:04:32,930
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ
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00:04:32,930 --> 00:04:36,470
ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ analog ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡
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00:04:36,470 --> 00:04:40,490
ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ููŠุฏุŒ ู structural analogุŒ
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00:04:40,490 --> 00:04:46,650
structural analogุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
66
00:04:46,650 --> 00:04:50,600
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ substrateุŒ ู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ุงู„
67
00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:54,020
substrate ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ ู„ productsุŒ
68
00:04:54,020 --> 00:04:57,060
ุงู„ products ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ู„ products ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุจุชููŠุฏ
69
00:04:57,060 --> 00:05:00,740
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ substrate ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
70
00:05:00,740 --> 00:05:02,160
analog ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
71
00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:19,200
ูู‚ุฏ ู†ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจู†ุญุท
72
00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:23,340
structural analog ู‚ุฏ ู†ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ุญุท
73
00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:30,580
structural analog ู‚ุฏ ู†ู‚ุชู„ ู†ุญู† ุจ structural analog
74
00:05:32,280 --> 00:05:35,160
ุงู„ู€ Phi-Promo-Uracil Structure Analog ู„ู€ Natural
75
00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:38,520
Genes Basis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ DNA ูุงู„ู€ DNA Polymerase
76
00:05:38,520 --> 00:05:42,380
ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุท Base ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุญุท ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Phi-Promo
77
00:05:42,380 --> 00:05:47,100
-Uracil ุงู„ู€ Phi-Promo-Uracil ู…ุด Base ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ Analog
78
00:05:47,100 --> 00:05:51,680
ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ DNA ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
79
00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:56,060
ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ DNA ู„ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
80
00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:57,720
mutation ู„ู…ุง ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ mutation ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
81
00:05:57,720 --> 00:05:58,240
mutation
82
00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:07,800
ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ chemicals ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
83
00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:11,960
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฃุนู…ู„ listing ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก
84
00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:16,840
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ mutation ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ
85
00:06:16,840 --> 00:06:20,300
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฑู ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ
86
00:06:20,300 --> 00:06:25,320
ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุตูˆุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุจูŠู„ุจุณ ุณุชุฑุฉ ูˆุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู†
87
00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:31,640
ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ูˆูŠุฏุฑูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุบุฑู ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุจุทู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
88
00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:35,920
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ X-ray can cause mutation ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡
89
00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:40,400
ุงู„ู€ UV ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู…ุจุงุช
90
00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:46,910
ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ุจู†ุญุท ุญุงุฏุซ shield plastic ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ุนุชู…
91
00:06:46,910 --> 00:06:51,370
ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฃู† ุงู„ UV ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰
92
00:06:51,370 --> 00:06:54,370
ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ mutation ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ู„ุญุธุฉ ู†ุญู† ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„
93
00:06:54,370 --> 00:06:58,610
ุงู„ mutation ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุงูŠ x-ray ุฃูˆ ionizing ูˆ non
94
00:06:58,610 --> 00:07:01,710
-ionizing radiation ุชู…ุงู… ุนู…ู„ูˆุง mutation ูˆ
95
00:07:01,710 --> 00:07:05,850
chemicals ุนู…ู„ูˆุง mutation ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ viruses
96
00:07:05,850 --> 00:07:10,790
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชุณู…ู‰ onco viruses onco
97
00:07:10,790 --> 00:07:16,090
viruses ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชุณุจุจ mutation ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุญุชู‰
98
00:07:16,090 --> 00:07:20,650
ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ
99
00:07:20,650 --> 00:07:24,830
ู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุจุชุณุจุจ
100
00:07:24,830 --> 00:07:28,830
ุงู„ู…ุชุงูŠุดูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุญุตุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง
101
00:07:28,830 --> 00:07:34,330
sample okay ู„ุณู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุดุบู„ ุจุทุจุน ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
102
00:07:34,330 --> 00:07:38,830
ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุจุชุฏุจุณูˆุด ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ูˆ
103
00:07:38,830 --> 00:07:42,270
ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุฑูŠุง ุงุชูุชุช ู…ุน ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุนุงุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
104
00:07:42,270 --> 00:07:48,140
ุณูˆุฑูˆู‡ ูˆุชู…ูŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ precautions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
105
00:07:48,140 --> 00:07:53,240
ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑ
106
00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:57,660
ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุจุงู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
107
00:07:57,660 --> 00:08:01,260
ู…ุงุจูŠุฎุฏูˆุด ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุตุฑู
108
00:08:01,260 --> 00:08:04,680
ู„ู‡ู… ูˆุงุฌุจุงุช ุฎุตูˆุตูŠ ู…ูˆุธููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุฃู†ุง ููŠ
109
00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:06,840
ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุตุฑู .. ูŠุตุฑู ู„ู‡ู…
110
00:08:11,310 --> 00:08:14,990
ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุฒู… ุฃู…ุง
111
00:08:14,990 --> 00:08:19,690
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ mutation ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
112
00:08:19,690 --> 00:08:23,350
ุญุฒู…ุฉ spontaneous mutation ูˆุนุฒูˆู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ mistakes
113
00:08:23,350 --> 00:08:27,650
ููŠ ุงู„ enzymes ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ replication ุฃูˆ
114
00:08:27,650 --> 00:08:31,370
ุงู„ transcription ูˆูƒู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ mutation rate ูƒุงู†ุช
115
00:08:31,370 --> 00:08:35,850
ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุณ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ููŠ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
116
00:08:35,850 --> 00:08:40,430
ู„ุทูุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ุถุฎู…ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุถุฎู…
117
00:08:40,430 --> 00:08:44,670
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
118
00:08:45,690 --> 00:08:48,810
mutation and selectivity ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูˆุถุญู‡
119
00:08:48,810 --> 00:08:53,770
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง mutation and selectivity ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
120
00:08:53,770 --> 00:08:56,790
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
121
00:08:56,790 --> 00:09:01,250
ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุญุณุงุณูŠู† ู„ antibiotic ุงุณู…ู‡
122
00:09:01,250 --> 00:09:06,510
penicillin ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุฃู†
123
00:09:06,510 --> 00:09:10,910
ุชูƒูˆู† resistance ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ูู„ูˆ
124
00:09:10,910 --> 00:09:14,310
ูˆุถุนู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ
125
00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:17,690
ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุช ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุง
126
00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:22,990
ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ูƒูŠู ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุถูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ
127
00:09:22,990 --> 00:09:26,910
ู„ู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุดุบู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
128
00:09:26,910 --> 00:09:31,350
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ููŠ
129
00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:36,110
ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ูุฑุตุชูƒู… ูƒู†ุชู…
130
00:09:36,110 --> 00:09:40,950
ุชุณุฃู„ูˆู†ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 2%
131
00:09:40,950 --> 00:09:46,890
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชุจู‚ูŽ ู„ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุตู„ ููุฑุตุฉ ู†ุชุณุงุกู„
132
00:09:46,890 --> 00:09:52,310
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 100% ูุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฎุฐุช ูุฑุต ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
133
00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:56,370
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃุฎุฐุช ูุฑุต ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูŠ
134
00:09:56,370 --> 00:10:00,910
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูุชูƒุงุซุฑูŽุช ุจุฏูˆู†
135
00:10:00,910 --> 00:10:05,330
ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุงูุณูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง
136
00:10:05,330 --> 00:10:10,440
ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุด selectivity ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ุง
137
00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:16,520
ู„ู„ู€ ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู†ุดุฃุช ุนู† ุทูุฑุฉ ูู…ู† ุณุจุจ
138
00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:21,740
ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŸ ุทูุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ู‚ุฏ
139
00:10:21,740 --> 00:10:26,960
ุชู†ุชุฎุจุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฎุชุงุฑุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
140
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,460
ูˆุชู†ุฌุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณูŠุท
141
00:10:30,460 --> 00:10:36,920
ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุตุญุฑุงุกุŒ ุณุญุฑุงุกุŒ ู…ุด
142
00:10:36,920 --> 00:10:42,620
ุฃูƒู„ ุงู‡ูˆ ูˆู„ุง ุดุฑุจุŒ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุนุŒ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
143
00:10:42,620 --> 00:10:44,540
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
144
00:10:44,540 --> 00:10:50,460
ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุฃู† .. ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ readilyุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
145
00:10:50,460 --> 00:10:54,220
ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญุŒ ุฃู† ุชุชุบุฐู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ุŒ ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฑู…ู„
146
00:10:54,220 --> 00:10:57,900
ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุŒ ุจูŠุทูุฑ
147
00:11:06,320 --> 00:11:10,800
ู„ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง
148
00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:14,000
ู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง spontaneous
149
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,700
mutation ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† spontaneous ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุจุฑู…ุฌ ุฃู†
150
00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:21,560
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูุฑุงุช ุญุชู‰ ุชุชุฃู‚ู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู
151
00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:25,800
ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
152
00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:30,980
backward mutation ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
153
00:11:30,980 --> 00:11:36,720
ููŠู‡ุง mutation ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุจุตูุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† ุตูุฉุŒ ูู‚ุฏุช
154
00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:40,820
ุตูุฉุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŸ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… mutation ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„
155
00:11:40,820 --> 00:11:45,360
gene ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ mutation ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ originalุŒ
156
00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:48,080
ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ back mutation
157
00:11:55,550 --> 00:11:59,410
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฑุฌุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ู€ wild type ุฃูˆ ู„ู„
158
00:11:59,410 --> 00:12:02,170
original genotype
159
00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:10,520
ุงู„ู€ transformation ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูˆู…ุญุชุงุฌ
160
00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:13,900
ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ููŠ
161
00:12:13,900 --> 00:12:18,280
ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ
162
00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:23,180
ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐ DNA ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ surrounding ูˆุงุด
163
00:12:23,180 --> 00:12:27,220
ุชู…ู„ุค .. ุชู…ู„ุค incorporation ุฃูˆ recombination ูŠุนู†ูŠ
164
00:12:27,220 --> 00:12:30,900
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู…ุฌูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ bacillus
165
00:12:30,900 --> 00:12:35,440
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hemophilus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Neisseria ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pneumococcus ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…
166
00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:37,020
ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู€ streptococcus pneumonia
167
00:12:40,700 --> 00:12:44,720
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุฑูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ free
168
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:45,460
DNA
169
00:12:48,910 --> 00:12:52,770
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง incorporation ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ DNA ูุงู„
170
00:12:52,770 --> 00:12:57,710
answer ููŠ ุฃู† ุฏูŠ ุฅู† ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
171
00:12:57,710 --> 00:13:00,750
ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุจุฑุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
172
00:13:00,750 --> 00:13:05,610
recipient cell ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ original ูˆ
173
00:13:05,610 --> 00:13:08,510
ุงู„ู€ original ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€ wild
174
00:13:12,260 --> 00:13:18,180
ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง transformant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ู†ู‚ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
175
00:13:18,180 --> 00:13:23,900
ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู† ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„
176
00:13:23,900 --> 00:13:27,770
wild type ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transformant ุงู„ู€ conjugation ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†
177
00:13:27,770 --> 00:13:31,490
ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ conjugation ุฏู‡
178
00:13:31,490 --> 00:13:34,790
ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ F positive ูˆ ุงู„ู€ F
179
00:13:34,790 --> 00:13:38,350
negative ูˆ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ HFR ุงู„ู€ HFR ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ high
180
00:13:38,350 --> 00:13:41,690
frequency ุงู„ู€ combination ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุจุฒูˆู…
181
00:13:41,690 --> 00:13:45,450
ููƒุงู† ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุณูˆู…
182
00:13:52,530 --> 00:13:55,770
ุงู„ู€ transduction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูƒุงู† ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„
183
00:13:55,770 --> 00:14:00,310
bacteriophage ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bacteriophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
184
00:14:00,310 --> 00:14:05,450
ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ head ุฑุฃุณ ูˆููŠู‡ ู„ู‡
185
00:14:05,450 --> 00:14:08,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ collar ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ tail
186
00:14:08,570 --> 00:14:13,750
fiber ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ bacteriophage
187
00:14:13,750 --> 00:14:18,050
ุชุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฅูŠุญุงุก ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฅู†ู‡ bacteriophage
188
00:14:19,850 --> 00:14:23,350
ุขูƒู„ุฉ ุขูƒู„ุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
189
00:14:23,350 --> 00:14:28,150
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู‰
190
00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:30,610
ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุฎู„ุงุต ุฏู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ bacteriophage ุจู†ุฏู„ู‡
191
00:14:30,610 --> 00:14:35,570
ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง ูุงุฌ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ bacteriophage
192
00:14:35,570 --> 00:14:39,110
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง specificity ูˆุณุจุจ ุงู„
193
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:42,970
specificity ู†ุฌู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tail fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ
194
00:14:42,970 --> 00:14:45,610
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
195
00:14:47,390 --> 00:14:52,090
ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ what are virusesุŸ viruses are viruses that
196
00:14:52,090 --> 00:14:56,570
infect bacteriaุŒ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… virusesุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
197
00:14:56,570 --> 00:14:59,990
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุตุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ they do not
198
00:14:59,990 --> 00:15:04,850
infect human or animals or plants ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู…
199
00:15:04,850 --> 00:15:08,930
ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ bacterium ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุด
200
00:15:08,930 --> 00:15:12,390
ุทุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุถุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู„ุง ุจุชุถุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
201
00:15:12,390 --> 00:15:14,910
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช .. ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰
202
00:15:14,910 --> 00:15:17,690
ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูƒู„ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุง
203
00:15:17,690 --> 00:15:22,750
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง infection ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุชู„ู‚ูˆุง ..
204
00:15:22,750 --> 00:15:27,150
ุจุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุณุคุงู„ .. ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
205
00:15:27,150 --> 00:15:31,530
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุตู„ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ skin
206
00:15:33,080 --> 00:15:37,140
ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ local ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
207
00:15:37,140 --> 00:15:40,940
tonsils ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ู†ุนู…ู„ spray ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tonsils ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุท
208
00:15:40,940 --> 00:15:45,220
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง oral ูุชุดุฑุจู‡ุง ู†ุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก
209
00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:48,260
ุชู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ phagocytes ูˆ
210
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ุนู† ุงู„ู€ macrophages ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
211
00:15:53,340 --> 00:16:01,020
ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
212
00:16:01,020 --> 00:16:01,700
ููŠ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ ..
213
00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:08,400
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง
214
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:14,500
ู„ู„ู€ bacteriophage ุทุงู„ุจุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุถุบุท
215
00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:19,580
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ capsid ูˆ ุงู„ู€ capsid
216
00:16:19,580 --> 00:16:24,440
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† protein envelope ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุชู„ู‘ุงุช
217
00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:30,180
ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ icosahedral ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง
218
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:59,460
ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„
219
00:16:59,460 --> 00:17:04,080
ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„
220
00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:06,320
ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„
221
00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:06,500
ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„
222
00:17:06,500 --> 00:17:10,290
ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุงู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒุฑ
223
00:17:10,290 --> 00:17:13,650
ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ tail fibers ูˆ
224
00:17:13,650 --> 00:17:16,170
ุงู„ู€ tail fibers ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†
225
00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:23,260
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ receptors ูˆููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ base
226
00:17:23,260 --> 00:17:29,580
plate ุงู„ู€ base plate ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hooks ุฒูŠ ุฎุทุงูุงุช ุชู„ุชุตู‚
227
00:17:29,580 --> 00:17:33,260
ุจุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
228
00:17:33,260 --> 00:17:38,660
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุงุถู…ุฉ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุงุถู…ุฉ ู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนุดุงู†
229
00:17:38,660 --> 00:17:42,060
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ injection ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
230
00:17:48,590 --> 00:17:53,050
ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
231
00:17:53,050 --> 00:17:57,410
bacterium ูุนุดุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ lytic ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lysogenicุŒ ุงู„
232
00:17:57,410 --> 00:18:00,670
lytic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ุชู… ุงู„ุขู† ุชุญุช
233
00:18:00,670 --> 00:18:04,090
ุณูŠุทุฑุชูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ุฏู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡
234
00:18:04,090 --> 00:18:08,550
lytic ุฃูˆ virulent ูุนุดุงู†ุŒ virulent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑุณ
235
00:18:14,940 --> 00:18:18,360
ูˆุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ specialized
236
00:18:18,360 --> 00:18:20,860
transduction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
237
00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:23,520
ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ generalized transduction
238
00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:30,300
ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู€ life cycle ุจู€ 4 ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
239
00:18:30,300 --> 00:18:34,120
absorption ุฃูˆ attachment absorption ุฃูˆ attachment
240
00:18:34,120 --> 00:18:37,840
ุจุนุฏูŠู† penetration ู„ู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ biological
241
00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:42,360
synthesis ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ biological synthesis ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
242
00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:46,600
ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุดู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
243
00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:50,620
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ viral replication ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ
244
00:18:50,620 --> 00:18:55,140
ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุฎุชุตุฑูŠู†ู‡ ุจุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
245
00:18:55,140 --> 00:18:58,040
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ biological synthesis ูุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
246
00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:05,300
ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ maturation ุฃูˆ assembly ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงุฏุฉ .. ุฅูŠุด
247
00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:09,800
ู…ุงุฏุฉ maturation ู†ุถูˆุฌ .. ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ assembly ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
248
00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:15,760
ุงู„ู€ release ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนุณุงุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุงุฑุชูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
249
00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:21,160
ูู‚ุท ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ receptors ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง absorption ุฃูˆ
250
00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:25,530
attachment ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ penetration ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†
251
00:19:25,530 --> 00:19:29,670
ุงู„ู€ viral genome ุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
252
00:19:29,670 --> 00:19:34,130
ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡
253
00:19:34,130 --> 00:19:38,070
ุตุฏูุฉ ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ูˆุด ุฃูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
254
00:19:38,070 --> 00:19:42,390
ู…ุง ู„ูˆุด ุฃูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ู€ biological
255
00:19:42,390 --> 00:19:45,910
synthesis ุจูŠุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
256
00:19:45,910 --> 00:19:46,210
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
257
00:19:51,120 --> 00:19:55,480
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
258
00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:58,320
bacteriophage ุจูŠุนู…ู„ attachment ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุงุก absorption
259
00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:02,660
ุจุนุฏูŠู† penetration
260
00:20:02,660 --> 00:20:05,320
ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ biological
261
00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:10,720
synthesis, maturation and release ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฏุช
262
00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:17,120
ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
263
00:20:18,220 --> 00:20:22,180
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
264
00:20:22,180 --> 00:20:27,060
ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ microbiology ูˆู‡ูˆ
265
00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:34,260
ุนุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฅุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
266
00:20:34,260 --> 00:20:38,760
ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุจู†ุจูŠุน ูˆ
267
00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:44,230
ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจูŠุน ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุจูŠุน ู„ูƒ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ
268
00:20:44,230 --> 00:20:49,330
ุฃูˆ ุจุจูŠุน ู„ูƒ ุฃู…ุจูˆู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
269
00:20:49,330 --> 00:20:54,470
ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู†ุน ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุนูŠู† ูููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุฒู…ู†ุง
270
00:20:54,470 --> 00:21:00,590
ุฃุนู…ู„ count ุจูŠู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ bacteriophages ูƒูŠูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
271
00:21:00,590 --> 00:21:03,250
ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ bacteriophages ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
272
00:21:03,250 --> 00:21:08,690
lytic phages ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูˆุถุญ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ
273
00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:13,160
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุทุจู‚.. ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุŸ ูˆ
274
00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:14,200
ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง
275
00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:14,260
.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง..
276
00:21:14,260 --> 00:21:14,420
ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ
277
00:21:14,420 --> 00:21:14,800
ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง
278
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:14,820
.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง..
279
00:21:14,820 --> 00:21:15,600
ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ
280
00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:17,080
ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง
281
00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:17,760
.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง..
282
00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:17,780
ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ
283
00:21:17,780 --> 00:21:22,600
ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง
284
00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:28,180
.. ูˆ ู„ุง.. ูˆ ู„ุง..
285
00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:41,520
ุงู„ุฃู…ุจูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bacteriophage ูˆ ุจู†ุนุฏู‡ุง
286
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:44,940
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง dilution ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูˆู„ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง
287
00:21:44,940 --> 00:21:50,840
ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุชูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุช
288
00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:53,960
ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆ.. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
289
00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:59,790
ู‡ู†ุฎู„ุต ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ dilution ูˆุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
290
00:21:59,790 --> 00:22:03,250
dilution ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ original number ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
291
00:22:03,250 --> 00:22:05,570
original number ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ original number ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
292
00:22:05,570 --> 00:22:11,010
ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง dilution
293
00:22:11,010 --> 00:22:14,430
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู€ original ุจู†ุนู…ู„ dilution
294
00:22:14,430 --> 00:22:19,490
ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ 100 ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฅู„ู‰
295
00:22:19,490 --> 00:22:25,410
200 ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง dilution
296
00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:29,690
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ ูˆ
297
00:22:29,690 --> 00:22:34,850
ูุฑุถู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ ู†ูุชุฑุถ..
298
00:22:34,850 --> 00:22:40,890
ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
299
00:22:40,890 --> 00:22:44,710
.. ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุฑุงุบุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุฑุงุบุŸ
300
00:22:55,280 --> 00:22:58,160
ู‡ูŠู‚ุฑุตู‡ู… ุจุณ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุจู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุงู…ุช
301
00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:06,680
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ
302
00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:12,180
ู„ูˆู…ุจุงุฏ ุตุญุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
303
00:23:12,180 --> 00:23:15,080
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุงู„ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„
304
00:23:15,080 --> 00:23:18,600
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ูŠุญู„ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠุญู„ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
305
00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:24,280
ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุญู„ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูŠุดู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
306
00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:28,140
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plaqueุŒ plaque ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ
307
00:23:28,140 --> 00:23:33,200
ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ
308
00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:37,180
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฏู‡ุŒ ุชุดูˆููˆู†ุง ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู…ุŒ
309
00:23:37,180 --> 00:23:41,160
ู…ูˆุถุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ู„ ู‡ูˆ
310
00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:46,580
ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุชุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุนุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุฑุงุบุงุชุŒ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูุฑุงุบุงุช
311
00:23:46,580 --> 00:23:52,230
ู…ู† ุฃูŠ dilution ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู„ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนุดุฑุฉ
312
00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:57,170
ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ
313
00:23:57,170 --> 00:24:01,890
ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุชุจุนู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
314
00:24:01,890 --> 00:24:08,170
ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุจู†ุญุท ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ
315
00:24:08,170 --> 00:24:11,290
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง colony forming unit ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
316
00:24:11,290 --> 00:24:16,930
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง PFU plaque forming unit PFU
317
00:24:20,340 --> 00:24:29,500
ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช bacteriophage ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ BFU
318
00:24:29,500 --> 00:24:33,920
plaque Forming Unit ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุฏูŠู†ุง
319
00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:39,000
bacteriophage ูˆู„ุง ุนุฏูŠู†ุง plaques ุทูŠุจ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ plaques
320
00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:45,180
ุจู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฅู† ูƒู„ plaque ู†ุงุดุฆ ุนู† ุนู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ
321
00:24:45,180 --> 00:24:49,610
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŸ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
322
00:24:49,610 --> 00:24:54,670
ูˆู„ุฒู‚ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆู†ุง plaque ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูŠ
323
00:24:54,670 --> 00:24:58,050
ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ micro biology ูุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุท ุจุงู„ูุนู„
324
00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:03,310
ูˆุตู ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
325
00:25:03,310 --> 00:25:09,010
ุณุชุฉ viruses ุฃูˆ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุถุฑุจ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
326
00:25:09,010 --> 00:25:13,490
ุณุชุฉ plaque forming unit ุงู„ู€ unit ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† virus
327
00:25:13,490 --> 00:25:15,850
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ูุนู„ู‹ุง virus ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
328
00:25:15,850 --> 00:25:21,840
ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ micro virus ุจูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ plaque ุฅู†ู‡
329
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:26,740
virus ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู† ุฅุญู†ุง
330
00:25:26,740 --> 00:25:31,000
ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฅู† ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ู‡ู…
331
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:36,200
ุฌุฏุง ุฅู† ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู‡ ุญุทูŠุชู‡
332
00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:40,660
ูˆุณุคุงู„ ู†ู‚ุงุด ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ู„ุนุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
333
00:25:40,660 --> 00:25:44,220
ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุชุชูุงุนู„ูˆุง ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
334
00:25:44,220 --> 00:25:47,540
ุงู„ููŠุณุจูˆูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏ
335
00:25:47,540 --> 00:25:56,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
336
00:25:56,460 --> 00:25:59,940
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
337
00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:04,230
lysogenic ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ temperate ุจุฑุถู‡ attachment ุฃูˆ
338
00:26:04,230 --> 00:26:08,690
absorption penetration
339
00:26:08,690 --> 00:26:17,330
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ุด ุงู„ุขู† integration ุตุญ ุจุฑูˆููŠุฌ
340
00:26:17,330 --> 00:26:19,970
formation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง integration ูˆ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
341
00:26:19,970 --> 00:26:24,810
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ู€ DNA ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃ.. ุจุณ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฅู†
342
00:26:24,810 --> 00:26:28,070
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู….. ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
343
00:26:28,070 --> 00:26:34,000
ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆููŠุฌ ุจุณ
344
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:41,080
ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆููŠุฌ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‚ุฑุฑ ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุง
345
00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:46,100
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ูุตู„ ูŠู†ุณุญุจ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุณุจุจ.. ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง
346
00:26:46,100 --> 00:26:50,460
ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฅูŠู‡ induction ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ induction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
347
00:26:50,460 --> 00:26:55,400
ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ micro biology ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
348
00:26:55,400 --> 00:27:01,640
ุดุคูˆู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุทุจู‚
349
00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:06,260
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุงูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… by
350
00:27:06,260 --> 00:27:09,580
which the virus senses that the bacteria is dying
351
00:27:09,580 --> 00:27:15,500
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู‚ุฑุถ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ุจูŠู†ูุตู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฑุฌุน
352
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:19,360
ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ lytic phage
353
00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:22,140
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† biological synthesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…
354
00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:25,400
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ release
355
00:27:28,890 --> 00:27:32,490
ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุณุญุจ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
356
00:27:32,490 --> 00:27:32,750
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
357
00:27:32,750 --> 00:27:33,230
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
358
00:27:33,230 --> 00:27:34,670
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
359
00:27:34,670 --> 00:27:37,770
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
360
00:27:37,770 --> 00:27:41,430
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
361
00:27:41,430 --> 00:27:41,490
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
362
00:27:41,490 --> 00:27:41,650
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
363
00:27:41,650 --> 00:27:42,950
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
364
00:27:42,950 --> 00:27:43,170
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
365
00:27:43,170 --> 00:27:44,210
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
366
00:27:44,210 --> 00:27:54,370
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
367
00:28:05,460 --> 00:28:07,900
ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ู‚.. ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡.. ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ profile ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒูˆุฑ
368
00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:12,020
ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ cell ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ูุตู„ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู…ู„
369
00:28:12,020 --> 00:28:18,320
biological synthesis ูˆ
370
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:21,120
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ maturation ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
371
00:28:21,120 --> 00:28:25,200
release ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
372
00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:27,040
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
373
00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:29,640
progeny ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุดุฃุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ู†
374
00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:31,440
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ original cell
375
00:28:36,610 --> 00:28:40,410
What are the applications of bacteriophagesุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
376
00:28:40,410 --> 00:28:42,430
ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุจุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู†
377
00:28:42,430 --> 00:28:45,990
ูˆู†ุฏูƒุฑูƒู…ู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ treatment of bacterial
378
00:28:45,990 --> 00:28:54,230
infectionุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุฌุฏุงุŒ
379
00:28:54,230 --> 00:28:58,990
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุงู‡ุชู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐุง
380
00:28:58,990 --> 00:29:02,350
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
381
00:29:02,350 --> 00:29:06,780
ุฃู„ู ูˆุชุณุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุฅุดูŠุŒ ุจุฏุคูˆุง ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„
382
00:29:06,780 --> 00:29:13,020
antibiotics ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
383
00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:16,940
ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ูŠู†ุณู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„viruses ูˆูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„
384
00:29:16,940 --> 00:29:22,360
antibiotics ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ antibiotics ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทูุฑุฉ
385
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,700
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุญุฏ .. ู„ .. ู„ .. ู„ .. ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุคุฑุฎูŠู†
386
00:29:25,700 --> 00:29:30,580
ุงู„ุทุจูŠูŠู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู† ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ .. ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุนุตุฑ
387
00:29:30,580 --> 00:29:36,140
ุงู„ู…ุบุถุจ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญุฏุซุช ู‚ูุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
388
00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:40,660
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠู…ูˆุชูˆุง ู…ู† ..
389
00:29:40,660 --> 00:29:43,800
ู…ู† simple .. ู…ู† simple tonsillitis ุฃูˆ urinary
390
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:46,900
tract infection ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃ ุงู„ antibiotics ุจุงู„ูุนู„
391
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:50,420
ู‚ู„ู„ุช ู…ู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุญุณู†ุช ู…ู†
392
00:29:50,420 --> 00:29:53,900
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ุฌุงุญ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุฌุฃุฉ ุฒู…ุงู†
393
00:29:53,900 --> 00:29:57,680
ุชู†ุฌุญ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุจุนุฏ
394
00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:01,880
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุงู„ antibiotic ุฃุญุฏุซุช ู‚ูุฒุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
395
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:05,400
ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุณูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bacteriophages ูˆุฑูƒุฒ ูƒู„ู‡
396
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:09,500
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ุถุงู„ู‡ู… ุดุบุงู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุณ
397
00:30:09,500 --> 00:30:13,700
.. ุนู…ุฑูƒู… ู‚ุฑุฃุชูˆุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑูˆุณ ูŠู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
398
00:30:13,700 --> 00:30:16,220
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ู„ู… ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ุชุดุฑุช ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
399
00:30:16,220 --> 00:30:20,200
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุจุนุฏ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
400
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:26,480
ู„ู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูˆุงุฏุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎุณุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุน
401
00:30:26,480 --> 00:30:30,160
ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุนูŠุฏ
402
00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:35,110
ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bacteriophage ูˆููŠู‡ ุฒู…ูŠู„
403
00:30:35,110 --> 00:30:39,590
ุฃูˆ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุบุฒุฉ
404
00:30:39,590 --> 00:30:44,630
ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ bacteriophage ู„ู€ ุนุฒู„ุช
405
00:30:44,630 --> 00:30:47,790
bacteriophage ู„ู‚ุชู„ ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ
406
00:30:47,790 --> 00:30:52,130
ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus
407
00:30:52,130 --> 00:30:55,610
ูˆู†ุฌุญูˆุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡
408
00:30:55,610 --> 00:30:58,590
ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงู‡ ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… potential
409
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:07,720
ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูˆุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูˆูุงุฌุฒ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุนุถ
410
00:31:07,720 --> 00:31:14,340
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู‡ู… ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู€ specificity ูŠุนู†ูŠ
411
00:31:14,340 --> 00:31:18,480
ุจู†ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ normal flora ุฃู†ุช
412
00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:22,860
ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุฃุญุฏ ุนูŠูˆุจู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ pathogen ูˆุงู„
413
00:31:22,860 --> 00:31:26,340
monkey pathogen ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„
414
00:31:26,340 --> 00:31:30,330
normal flora ู‡ุฐู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง .. ุฅู†ู‡ .. ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„
415
00:31:30,330 --> 00:31:33,270
bacterial phage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด ุฃูŠ ุนูŠูˆุจุŒ ู„ุฃ ุฃุญุฏ
416
00:31:33,270 --> 00:31:36,210
ุนูŠูˆุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฌูŠุจู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„
417
00:31:36,210 --> 00:31:39,670
ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุง ู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุนุงู…ู„
418
00:31:39,670 --> 00:31:43,310
ูุนู„ูŠุง ูƒุฑุณู… ุบุฑูŠุจ ูˆ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
419
00:31:43,310 --> 00:31:48,690
ูุนุงู„ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ infection ููŠ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
420
00:31:48,690 --> 00:31:53,160
ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช used in the
421
00:31:53,160 --> 00:31:57,040
identification of pathogenic bacteria ูˆู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
422
00:31:57,040 --> 00:32:03,380
phage ุฃูˆ phage type ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุนููˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
423
00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:07,440
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ molecular biology
424
00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:08,140
research
425
00:32:20,350 --> 00:32:23,130
ู„ุญุธุฉ ูŠุง ุฃูู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฏุฉุŒ ุจุณ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
426
00:32:23,130 --> 00:32:25,790
lysogenized ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ lysogenic conversion ุงุญู†ุง
427
00:32:25,790 --> 00:32:30,510
ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ prophage ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ
428
00:32:30,510 --> 00:32:35,830
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู… lysogenized bacteria ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู„ ู„ู„
429
00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:40,350
lysogenized bacteria ุฃูŠ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ medical
430
00:32:40,350 --> 00:32:45,170
microbiologyุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
431
00:32:45,170 --> 00:32:48,490
ููŠ ุงู„ medical microbiology ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
432
00:32:48,490 --> 00:32:52,720
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
433
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:57,920
Corynebacterium diphtheriae ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ุณุงู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง
434
00:32:57,920 --> 00:33:03,680
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ lysogenized ุจุงู„ูุนุด ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†ูˆ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
435
00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:07,300
toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae ูˆู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ุช
436
00:33:07,300 --> 00:33:10,500
Corynebacterium diphtheriae ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฃ ูˆุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆ
437
00:33:10,500 --> 00:33:13,640
ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง Corynebacterium diphtheriae ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ
438
00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:18,990
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ toxigenic ูˆู„ุง non-toxigenic ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„
439
00:33:18,990 --> 00:33:24,130
Lysogenic Conversion ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
440
00:33:24,130 --> 00:33:27,030
Clostridium botulinum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู… ุนุงุฑู
441
00:33:27,030 --> 00:33:31,550
ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูŠุถุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† Lysogenic Conversion
442
00:33:31,550 --> 00:33:37,910
ุจุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌ ุทุจ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ู„
443
00:33:37,910 --> 00:33:43,010
ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ุจุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูƒู„ุช ุงู„ู„ุญู…ุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
444
00:33:43,010 --> 00:33:43,470
ูƒู„ ุฎูŠุฑ
445
00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:49,560
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุตุงุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุชู ูˆุงุญุฏ
446
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:55,880
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† infection ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุธู… ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุชุงูƒู„
447
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:59,720
ู„ุญู… ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ู„ุญู… ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุถู…
448
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:04,780
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง proteinases ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
449
00:34:04,780 --> 00:34:10,680
proteinases ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุถู…
450
00:34:10,680 --> 00:34:13,980
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ muscle ุณุจุนุชู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ flesh
451
00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:18,960
ุณุจุนุชู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูุนุทุงู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
452
00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:23,560
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ูˆุจุชุตูŠุจู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
453
00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:28,200
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Streptococcus pyogenes ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆุงุฒ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†ูƒู…
454
00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:32,760
ู…ุง ู‚ุตุจุด ู…ู† ู„ูˆุงุฒ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุฃูŠุงู…ุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง
455
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:36,380
ุงู†ุดุงู„ุช ู„ูˆุงุฒู‡ุŸ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู†ุดุงู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† .. ุนุดุงู† ุจุชู†ุตุจ
456
00:34:36,380 --> 00:34:39,700
ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃููุฑูุฌุช ุนู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
457
00:34:39,700 --> 00:34:44,000
ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง lysogenic conversion ุจุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌ
458
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:48,070
ุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
459
00:34:48,070 --> 00:34:48,870
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
460
00:34:48,870 --> 00:34:49,730
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
461
00:34:49,730 --> 00:34:51,130
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
462
00:34:51,130 --> 00:34:52,150
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
463
00:34:52,150 --> 00:34:53,710
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
464
00:34:53,710 --> 00:34:59,190
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
465
00:34:59,190 --> 00:35:00,570
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
466
00:35:00,570 --> 00:35:02,070
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
467
00:35:02,070 --> 00:35:02,150
ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
468
00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:16,820
ุฎู„ูŠุฉุชูŠู† ุจุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
469
00:35:16,820 --> 00:35:20,860
ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ู…ุซุงู„
470
00:35:20,860 --> 00:35:26,020
ุนู„ู‰ protoplast fusion ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง
471
00:35:26,020 --> 00:35:32,200
ุจุงู„ antibody ูˆุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุจุงู„ monoclonal antibody ุงู„
472
00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:36,520
monoclonal
473
00:35:36,520 --> 00:35:40,420
antibody ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† antibody ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุถุฏ EV2 ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
474
00:35:40,420 --> 00:35:46,110
ูู‚ุท ู„ู‡ุง Epitope ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
475
00:35:46,110 --> 00:35:50,510
ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุŒ antigen determinants
476
00:35:50,510 --> 00:35:55,150
ุฃูˆ Epitope ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰
477
00:35:55,150 --> 00:36:00,650
monoclonal ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ ุฌุณู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉุŒ
478
00:36:00,650 --> 00:36:03,970
ู…ุด ุฌุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู…ุด monoclonalุŒ ู…ุด ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
479
00:36:03,970 --> 00:36:09,950
ุณู„ุงู„ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† Epitope ูููŠ
480
00:36:09,950 --> 00:36:13,950
ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง hybridoma
481
00:36:13,950 --> 00:36:18,050
technique hybridoma ูƒู„ู…ุฉ hybrid ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ hybridุŸ
482
00:36:18,050 --> 00:36:25,350
ุชู‡ุฌูŠู† ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจู†ุฌูŠุจ B lymphocyte ุงู„ B
483
00:36:25,350 --> 00:36:28,590
lymphocyte ุฏูŠ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุฎุชุงุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง
484
00:36:28,590 --> 00:36:32,330
ุชู†ุชุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด
485
00:36:32,330 --> 00:36:37,030
ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ B lymphocyteุŸ ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
486
00:36:37,030 --> 00:36:42,730
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชู…ูˆุช hybridoma ุฃูˆ carcinoma cell ุจุชุนูŠุด
487
00:36:42,730 --> 00:36:45,810
forever ูˆุงูุฑูŠู„ู‡ุง ุงูƒู„ ูˆุดุฑุจ ูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู„ waste
488
00:36:45,810 --> 00:36:50,610
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุชุนูŠุด forever ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„
489
00:36:50,610 --> 00:36:56,570
survival ุชุจุนู‡ุง forever ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ short-lived ุงูŠุด
490
00:36:56,570 --> 00:36:59,170
ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุง ุงู„ short-livedุŸ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ normal antibody
491
00:36:59,170 --> 00:37:03,660
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ normal antibody ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
492
00:37:03,660 --> 00:37:07,800
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู‚ูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ูŠุจ
493
00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:11,900
ูˆููŠู‡ุง ูˆุฑุถู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉุŒ ุฑูˆุญุช ู†ูุดุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ fused in
494
00:37:11,900 --> 00:37:15,740
a glycolุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ pigุŒ
495
00:37:15,740 --> 00:37:20,710
ูุทู„ุนูˆู„ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ hybridoma cell ุจุชุนูŠุด forever ูˆ
496
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:24,810
ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู„ normal antibodies ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ reagents
497
00:37:24,810 --> 00:37:27,730
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ูˆููŠู‡ุง antibodies
498
00:37:27,730 --> 00:37:32,110
ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†
499
00:37:32,110 --> 00:37:35,610
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… antibody ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุฃูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ
500
00:37:35,610 --> 00:37:39,590
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูŠุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
501
00:37:39,590 --> 00:37:44,710
ุงู„ุชุญูˆุตุงุช ู…ุชุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฌุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„
502
00:37:44,710 --> 00:37:48,850
hybridoma ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ .. the hybridoma for AntibodyุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
503
00:37:48,850 --> 00:37:52,590
ู…ุตู†ุน ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ antibodies ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰
504
00:37:52,590 --> 00:37:54,730
ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ antibody ููŠ ุงู„ู€
505
00:37:54,730 --> 00:37:57,430
diagnostic ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ treatment ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€
506
00:37:57,430 --> 00:38:02,470
Protoplastin ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ..
507
00:38:02,470 --> 00:38:06,390
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ how could we
508
00:38:06,390 --> 00:38:08,670
benefit from bacterial genetics ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู€
509
00:38:08,670 --> 00:38:11,430
bacterial genetics ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡
510
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:14,730
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ bacterial genetics ูƒูŠู
511
00:38:14,730 --> 00:38:18,330
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก
512
00:38:18,330 --> 00:38:26,790
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู†ู‚ุฏู… ู„ู‡
513
00:38:26,790 --> 00:38:30,790
ุจุณ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุจุณูŠุท ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ sterilization and disease
514
00:38:33,950 --> 00:38:36,810
ุชุญุช ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง control of
515
00:38:36,810 --> 00:38:41,950
microorganismุŒ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุนู„ู…ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑุจูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู†ุฑุจูŠ
516
00:38:41,950 --> 00:38:45,910
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู†ุญุท ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH
517
00:38:45,910 --> 00:38:49,770
ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ูˆ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ CO2 ูˆ ุฅู„ุง .. ุงู„ุขู†
518
00:38:49,770 --> 00:38:55,270
ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุง ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุจุชู†ู…ูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ุชู†ู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠุด ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
519
00:38:55,270 --> 00:38:59,890
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
520
00:38:59,890 --> 00:39:03,270
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
521
00:39:03,270 --> 00:39:08,750
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
522
00:39:08,750 --> 00:39:12,310
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
523
00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:16,490
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง absoluteุŒ ุงูŠุด ุฃู†ุช absoluteุŸ ู…ุทู„ู‚ ูˆุงู„ู€
524
00:39:16,490 --> 00:39:20,190
absolute killing of all forms of life ูุฏู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง
525
00:39:20,190 --> 00:39:24,700
ู†ุนู‚ู… ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… .. ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง absolute
526
00:39:24,700 --> 00:39:29,400
killing of all forms of life ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู‚ู…ู‡ุง
527
00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:33,380
ูˆ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ูุฑู† ุนู„ู‰ 170 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†ุŒ
528
00:39:33,380 --> 00:39:37,940
ู‡ุชุนู‚ู… ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุฏ ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุถู„ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุฏุŒ ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ูู‡ู†ุดูˆู
529
00:39:37,940 --> 00:39:41,420
ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู…ุชู‰ ุจู†ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ูˆ
530
00:39:41,420 --> 00:39:44,200
ู…ุชู‰ ุจู†ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู„ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡