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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ุซุงู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
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ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุŒ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุง
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with no iron
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ูˆูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ุงู„ู€ common nonferrous engineering metals.
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These websites extracts look at the engineering
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application of some nonferrous metals that is
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metal that do not contain iron ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
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ู…ู‚ุชุทูุฉ ู…ู† ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ metals
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with no iron
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alluminium is widely used often in alloy form ุฅูŠุด
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ in the
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form of alloy an example is chromium ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ ..
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ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ .. ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ูˆ
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ู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
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ุฏ
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ 4.4 ูˆู…ูŠุฌู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… 1.5
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ุฃูˆู„ูˆ
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ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูุนุง ู…ุน ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…
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ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุง
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ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุธูุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„
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ู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุฉ
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ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู…ุฌุฑู… ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ูˆุฒู†ูƒ ูˆู‚ุจุฑุฉ
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ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ูˆู‚ุจุฑุฉ ุชู†and sometimes lead ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cover cover ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู†ุญุงุณ
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is an electrical conductor ุชุทู„ุน ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
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ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุณ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ุงู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ู…ุด
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ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุงุทุท ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ
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ุฎุท ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุŸ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ูˆู…ุบู„ูุŒ ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
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ุฅูŠุด .. ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ goodุŸ ductabilityุŒ also make it
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suitable ุงู„ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุบู„ูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
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ูุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑุŒ
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ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
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ู„ู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุฑุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง central
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heating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
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ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู…ูŠู‡ ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ
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ูˆ ุจูŠู„ููˆู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
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ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฏูุฆ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
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ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ copper ุงู†ุญุงุณOkay. Copper is
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widely used in alloys notably brass. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ brassุŸ
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ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ .. ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุชุดูˆููˆู‡ูˆุด ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ููŠ ุตูˆุงู†ูŠ
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ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุบู„ููˆู‡ุง
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ู…ู† ุงู„ brass ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ bronze ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
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ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ bronze ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
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ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒูŠุฉ cover and tin ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฅูŠุด lead
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ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŸ ุงู„ tin ..ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุชู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงุฏู†
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ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชุจุนูŠู† ุฒู…ุงู†
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ุงู„ุญุฏุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงุฎุชูุช ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุญุฏุฏ ูƒุงู† .. ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ oxygen ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ูƒูˆู‡
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ุตุบูŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑ ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏ
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ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
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ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ lead
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุณุงู…ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ
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.. ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุตู„ุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ ..ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ
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ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
68
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
69
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
70
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
71
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
72
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
73
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
74
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
75
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
76
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
77
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู„ูุถุฉ is ุทุงู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ precious .. precious
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metal ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ preciousุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุซู…ูŠู†ุฉa
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reference to its high cost ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ..
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ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ
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ุงู„ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ it is a better electrical conductor than
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any other material ู‡ูŠ ุฃุญุณู† ุฅุดูŠ ู„ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
84
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ุจุณ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุŸ
85
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ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุนุฑ .. ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ู„ุฃู† ุณุนุฑู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด
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ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ so often .. it's often used for
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electronic connections
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ุงู† another precious metal ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
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gold is also an excellent conductor ุจุณ ุจุชุดูˆู ุนุดุงู†
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ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ gold ู„ุฃูŠ ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ and is
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highly .. now is highly corrosion resistance ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ
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ุดูุช ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุด ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุจุตุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุง
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ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ูู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ูˆ
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ุงู„ูุถู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุชุงูƒู„ู†ุด ุจุณ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† precious
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metals ุชู…ุงู†ู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plating with
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non-ferrous metals ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ platingุŸ
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ุชุตููŠุญ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ
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ุจู†ุบู„ูู‡ุงุŒ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญุŸุฃูˆ plating ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุฑุณุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
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ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุจู†ู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ
100
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nonferrous metal can be used to protect steel from
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corrosion by plating it ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
102
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ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ูˆู‡ ู…ุงูŠุชุฃูƒู„ุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡
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ุงู„ุงู† that is covering it with a layer of non-metal
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ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ุด .. metal ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
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platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ an example is galvanization ..
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galvanizing ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฌุงู„ูู†ุฉุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู… galvan
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ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ galvanization ุฃู†ุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุชุงู†
110
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ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ galvanization ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† manual ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
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ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุดุบู„ ูˆ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ูˆ ุจ
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.. ูˆ ุจุบุทู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุทู„ุญู‡ุง ุชู†ุดูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
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ุชุณูˆูŠ ููŠ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจูˆุงุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
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ุจู„ู…ุนุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃุจูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฉ ุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ
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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงุช .. ู…ุงุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ูˆุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุถุฑุจ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ
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ููŠู‡ ุตุนุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุตุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจุงู„ุตุจ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠูƒุจ ูˆ
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ุจู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
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ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุตูŠุงู†ุฉุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูุงู„ galvanization ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
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ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูŠุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุตุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง
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ููŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุชุบุฑู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ุงู„ steel can be .. ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ steel can be hot dip galvanized
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณุงุญุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ
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ุจุทู„ุนู‡ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
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galvanizationุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุฎู†ุฉby placing in
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molten zinc ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ molten ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ liquid ุงู„
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zinc ุณุงุฆุญ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู†
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ุงู„ zinc ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูŠุญู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงุฎู† ูˆ
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ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนู‡ it can also be electro
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galvanized ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ electro
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุงู„ุงู† which is the type
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of electroplating ุงู„ู€ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ metal being used for plating
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ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ positive
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terminal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ anode positive terminal
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ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ anode ุฏุฎู„ุชูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
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ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ steel component that being plated
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ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง
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ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง electrolyte
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏู‡ู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
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item ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ galvanizationู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
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terminal ุงู„ electricity which electroplating with
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this technique the steel components is placed in a
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liquid often an acid ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ liquid ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ุถ
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okay called the electrolyte and connected to the
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negative terminalof the electrical supply to
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become the cathodeุŒ the negative sideุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุช .. ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชุŸ
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ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ
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ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ูŠุช ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน
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ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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negative pipe ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
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ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
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ุงู„ positive terminal of the supply this then
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becomes the anode or the positive side an electric
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current then flows between the pieces of metal
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through the electrolyte this causes a chemical
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reaction ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰Electric current causes
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a chemical reaction which deposits zinc on the
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cathode depleting the components ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ anode ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ positive ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„
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electrode ูˆ ุงู„ negativeุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
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terminal ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ negative ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ positive ion ุฅูŠุด
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ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุฏู‰ get attracted ู„ู„ negative ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡
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ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
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positive ion ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ zinc ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cathode ูˆ
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ุจุชู„ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง a related process
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called anodizing is used to protect aluminum the
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components to be anodized is connected to the
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positive terminal ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
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ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุด anodizing ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู†
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ู„ู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด
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ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ aluminum components
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ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ cathode ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ bathing
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containing ุงู„ electro lightis connected to the
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positive terminal to become the anode and placed
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in the electrolyte with a cathode and electricity
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flow through the aluminum aluminum oxide is
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deposited on the anode ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑู‡
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ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ aluminum oxide
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ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ rust ุงู„ rust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏู‰
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ูุงู„ุตุฏู‰ ุงู„ aluminumvery hard ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ protective
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ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู‡ุง ูุงู„ุบุฑุถ
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุตุฏุฑ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
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ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง anodizing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ู‡ูˆ ุตุฏู‚ุŒ ุจุณ ุตุฏู‚ ..
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉุŒ
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ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด .. ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุญุชุŒ
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌุดุฑุจุฌุดุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
201
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ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ุชุตุฏูˆุง ูˆ ุชุฌุดุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ุชุฏูˆุจ
202
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ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hard cover ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ..
203
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ุงุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
204
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culture ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุตุฏุง ุจุณ ุงู„ุตุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง
205
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ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ
206
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ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูˆุจุด ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
207
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ุฌุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ
208
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ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ุจูŠุฎุฑุจ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
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and this is harder than aluminium metal it
210
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provides a protection ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†
211
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ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ protection ุงู„ุงุฏู†ุงู† ูŠ
212
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make the correct sentences using one from .. one
213
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part from each column look at the opposite ุงู„ุงุฏู†ุงู†
214
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ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ
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is an aluminum alloy that are contained ..
216
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contains copper and magnesiumุงู„ุงู† ุชูˆุงุตู„ูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูู‰
217
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ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† titanium ุงูŠุด ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุง
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can be mixed with copper while it resists
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corrosion better than the other metal brushes, has
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a high strength to weight ratio and is often
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alloyed with
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with aluminium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆู„ุง with bronze
223
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ูˆู„ุง brass ูˆู„ุง silver ูุด ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ aluminium ุงู„ุงู†
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zinc ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‰ can be mixed with copper to make
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ุงู„ zinc ู…ุน ุงู„ copper ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‰ brass ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุขู†
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copper can be mixed with tin and lead to produce
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meanุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง tin and lead
228
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ุทูŠุจ gold resist corrosion better than other
229
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precious metals silver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงูุถู„ ุงุดูŠ ุงู„
230
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gold ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญูุธูŠู‡ู… ููŠ
231
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
232
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ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ Tin and lead ุงู„ุจุฑุงุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ
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Copper and zinc ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…
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ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
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strength .. strong material ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ brushes metals
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฏ the best
237
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conductor ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ best ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
238
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resistance for corrosion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃู† metals
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ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ metalsุŸ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„
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ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ complete the word group below
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using the names of the metals in 13 one ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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metal elements ูู„ู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง alloys ูˆ precious ู…ุฑุถูˆ
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.. ู…ุฑุถูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ metal alloys
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ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง precious metals
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ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน
247
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ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฒู†ูƒุŒ ูƒุงุจุฑุŒ gold ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
248
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ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ a, b, cุŒ ู†ุตู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
249
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ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงูŠุดุŸ a, a, a, cู‡ุฐู‡ C A ูˆ C ู‡ู‰ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู‡ A
250
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ูˆ C Press B Aluminium Prunes Magnesium A ุฏู„ู‡ุง
251
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ุฏุฑุงู„ู‡ู… B ุทูŠุจ ุงุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏู„ ุญุงุฌุฉููŠ aluminum ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
252
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ู‡ู†ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ lead ูˆ zinc ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
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ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
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ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง nonferrous ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน
255
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ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง nonferrous metals ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
256
00:21:04,990 --> 00:21:10,070
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ alloysุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ
257
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ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ precious metals ูˆ ุงู„ precious metals
258
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ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ gold ูˆ ุงู„ silver ุทูŠุจ
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ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุทูŠุจ
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metal elements ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงComplete the checklist
261
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list for Electroplating using the words in the box
262
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte,
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Electroplating, Galvanizing, Negative, Plated,
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Positive Check that there is sufficient ุงูŠุด in the
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path to completely cover the components ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง
266
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ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุท ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง plating ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„
267
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ุดุฑุท ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡
268
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ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุด ุจู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ electrolyte
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ there is sufficient
270
00:22:24,470 --> 00:22:28,290
electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ in order to ensure that the
271
00:22:28,290 --> 00:22:32,510
component will subsequently be ุงูŠุด over its entire
272
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surface
273
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to be plated over its entirety ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุบุทู‰ ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ู‡ุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡
275
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ุงู„ุงุณุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ensure that the
276
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component is connected to the negative terminal
277
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ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ of the electrical supply during
278
00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:22,500
the ุฅูŠุดุŸ electroplatingุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ four process the
279
00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:28,740
component should function as negative ุจุฏุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนุงู‡
280
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ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุงุชูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูŠู† ุฑุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ
281
00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:40,600
ุฎู…ุณุฉุงูƒุชุดู ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
282
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ุฒู†ูƒ 4 ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
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ุจุงู„ู€ positive
284
00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:01,460
Terminal of the electrical supply during the
285
00:24:01,460 --> 00:24:05,280
process it should be functioned as a node ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ
286
00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:11,180
ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ุชุญุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดุงู ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุบู…
287
00:24:11,180 --> 00:24:15,820
ุจุณุงุทุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชุญุท ุงู„ุณุฎู†ุฉ
288
00:24:15,820 --> 00:24:20,280
ุฏู„ู‘ูƒ ุนูˆุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนูˆุฏูƒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุดุงู†
289
00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:20,800
ุฃู†ุชูˆุง
290
00:24:23,570 --> 00:24:30,530
ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง copying ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
291
00:24:30,530 --> 00:24:35,110
ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู‡ู… ุงุดูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ process of
292
00:24:35,110 --> 00:24:39,210
electroplating ุงู„ electroplating ุชุชุทู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
293
00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:43,810
electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acid ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ acid
294
00:24:43,810 --> 00:24:47,590
ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง
295
00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:53,090
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
296
00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:59,930
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ anode ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ positive
297
00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:04,690
terminal ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ negative terminal ุงู„ุขู†
298
00:25:04,690 --> 00:25:09,910
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ acid ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
299
00:25:09,910 --> 00:25:15,710
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ acid ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acidุŸู‡ูˆ
300
00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:19,710
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
301
00:25:19,710 --> 00:25:27,530
ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
302
00:25:27,530 --> 00:25:33,890
ุฃุญุท ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท
303
00:25:33,890 --> 00:25:39,150
ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ zinc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู€
304
00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:43,310
galvanization ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
305
00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:51,970
Galvanizing ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠูˆู†
306
00:25:51,970 --> 00:25:56,130
ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู„ู‡ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ positive
307
00:25:56,130 --> 00:26:03,430
ุงูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†
308
00:26:03,430 --> 00:26:07,670
ู‡ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ positive ions ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ service
309
00:26:07,670 --> 00:26:12,080
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงู†ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ service ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
310
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:16,480
ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ galvanization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ galvanุฉ
311
00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:23,360
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
312
00:26:23,360 --> 00:26:28,660
ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„
313
00:26:28,660 --> 00:26:31,880
nonferrous metals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
314
00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:36,940
ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุงู† ุนุฑูุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ nonferrous metalsุŸ
315
00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:42,940
metals that do not contain iron ุงู„ferrous metals
316
00:26:42,940 --> 00:26:50,020
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ .. metals that contain iron
317
00:26:50,020 --> 00:27:00,760
ุงู„ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ plating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ
318
00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:07,610
ู‡ู‰ .. ู‡ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช a process toุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
319
00:27:07,610 --> 00:27:14,510
a process to fight or resist corrosion ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
320
00:27:14,510 --> 00:27:19,530
ุงู„ู€plating a process to resist or to fight
321
00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:24,310
corrosion ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€plating ุฒูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
322
00:27:24,310 --> 00:27:31,710
ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
323
00:27:31,710 --> 00:27:33,830
nonferrous metals
324
00:27:45,650 --> 00:28:04,350
ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู
325
00:28:04,350 --> 00:28:07,570
ุญุฏ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃุŒ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจุฏู‡
326
00:28:30,350 --> 00:28:44,910
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู…ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
327
00:28:44,910 --> 00:28:50,050
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
328
00:28:50,050 --> 00:28:50,770
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
329
00:28:50,770 --> 00:28:50,770
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
330
00:28:50,770 --> 00:28:51,110
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
331
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:51,110
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
332
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:51,910
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
333
00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:57,850
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
334
00:28:57,850 --> 00:29:01,870
ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
335
00:29:05,550 --> 00:29:09,550
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
336
00:29:09,550 --> 00:29:15,290
ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฎููŠู ุจุณ ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
337
00:29:15,290 --> 00:29:18,770
ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุนุฐูŠุจ ุงู†ุช ุนุงูŠุฒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
338
00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:23,910
ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุฑู ุชุชุนุฑุถ
339
00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:30,620
ู„ุธุฑูˆู ุตุนุจุฉ ุฃูˆู„ุง ุถุบุท ุฌูˆุฉุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
340
00:29:30,620 --> 00:29:36,320
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ..
341
00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,500
ู„ุฃ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ crash landing ูŠู…ูƒู†
342
00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:43,880
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ crash landing ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ
343
00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,580
ุธุฑูˆู ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ .. ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ
344
00:29:46,580 --> 00:29:50,940
ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ .. ู‡ูŠ ุชุฒุญู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
345
00:29:50,940 --> 00:29:56,620
ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุถุนูŠู ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰
346
00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:02,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸูู‡ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡
347
00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:09,900
ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ very strong light weight ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
348
00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:15,190
ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุงyou can allow use in aircraft
349
00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:20,870
manufacturing which also contain carbon 1.1% and
350
00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:26,970
magnesium 1.5% and you can also be allowed with
351
00:30:26,970 --> 00:30:31,230
titanium to produce natural light which you don't
352
00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:43,290
which makes it ideal for you in electric wires
353
00:30:43,290 --> 00:30:47,870
goes back .. back to the tree and also makes it
354
00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:52,290
suitable for bio cover is biodegradable in alloys
355
00:30:52,290 --> 00:30:58,130
and not in wood and clay and brass is copper and
356
00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:02,810
zinc and bronze copper and tin and silicon and
357
00:31:02,810 --> 00:31:05,950
zinc this bio is precious, precious
358
00:31:23,020 --> 00:31:28,100
Okay ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
359
00:31:28,100 --> 00:31:32,440
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gold is also an excellent conductor
360
00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:37,720
ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ plating ุชู‚ุฑุงุŸ ูุถู„ุง
361
00:31:54,270 --> 00:32:03,750
Galvanization Galvanizing Galvanize
362
00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:11,050
By placing it in molten liquidู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
363
00:32:11,050 --> 00:32:16,210
ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
364
00:32:16,210 --> 00:32:20,190
ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
365
00:32:20,190 --> 00:32:36,290
ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
366
00:32:41,690 --> 00:32:46,890
ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
367
00:32:46,890 --> 00:32:52,210
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุดูˆู ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุจู‚ู‰. ููŠ ุญุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุŸ
368
00:32:52,210 --> 00:32:54,310
ุทูŠุจ ุชูุถู„
369
00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:14,920
ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุฑู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
370
00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:22,900
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
371
00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:24,420
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡
372
00:33:39,610 --> 00:33:46,890
deposit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด depositุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุญุท ุฏูุนุฉ ููŠ
373
00:33:46,890 --> 00:33:53,870
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงูŠุฏุงุน ุงู„ deposit ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุงุน
374
00:33:55,310 --> 00:33:59,350
ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ
375
00:33:59,350 --> 00:34:06,790
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุถุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุงูŠ ุฏุงุน ูู‡ูŠ
376
00:34:06,790 --> 00:34:12,030
ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุงู†ุช ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ which deposit zinc on the
377
00:34:12,030 --> 00:34:17,510
cathode ู„ู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุจุชุญุท ุจุชุฏุน ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
378
00:34:17,510 --> 00:34:19,370
ุงู„ cathode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
379
00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:30,580
ุฃุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน
380
00:34:30,580 --> 00:34:36,610
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
381
00:34:36,610 --> 00:34:41,010
ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจู†ุญุจ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠูู‡ู…
382
00:34:41,010 --> 00:34:48,590
ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ู
383
00:34:48,590 --> 00:34:52,590
.. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ coding ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ุนู…ู„ coding
384
00:34:52,590 --> 00:34:56,910
ู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุงู†
385
00:34:56,910 --> 00:35:01,510
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุดูŠ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
386
00:35:01,510 --> 00:35:07,970
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฑุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ process called
387
00:35:07,970 --> 00:35:11,670
anodizing is used to protect aluminium component
388
00:35:11,670 --> 00:35:14,550
to be anodized is connected to the positive
389
00:35:14,550 --> 00:35:19,250
tetanus to become to become the anode and placed
390
00:35:19,250 --> 00:35:23,230
in an electrolyte with a cathode as interesting
391
00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:28,590
glass full of aluminium oxide is deposited on the
392
00:35:28,590 --> 00:35:34,860
anode as this is harder than aluminium metalุงู„
393
00:35:34,860 --> 00:35:39,240
protections ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
394
00:35:39,240 --> 00:35:45,680
ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญูุธูˆู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŸ
395
00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:50,820
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุงุญุธูˆุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุŸ
396
00:35:50,820 --> 00:36:00,640
ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ..ู‡ู†ูˆุฒุนู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„
397
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:05,580
.. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง A
398
00:36:05,580 --> 00:36:11,120
ูˆ B ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ A ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ู…ุด ูƒุงุชุจุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†
399
00:36:11,120 --> 00:36:18,380
ู‡ูŠุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ
400
00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:24,060
ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
401
00:36:24,060 --> 00:36:28,890
ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุงู„ answer ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช
402
00:36:28,890 --> 00:36:34,050
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู…ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงู„ choice ุฏูŠุŒ
403
00:36:34,050 --> 00:36:37,030
ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุŸ the dimension measured from the line
404
00:36:37,030 --> 00:36:40,050
down the middle of the shipุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„
405
00:36:40,050 --> 00:36:41,330
central line