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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ one sided limit ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงุจุชุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ู†
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section 1 ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ section 3 ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
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ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุฌุฃู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ limit ุณุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ limit
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ุซู… limit ุณุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุงู„ section ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูˆุงุณุท
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epsilon ูˆ delta definition ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
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ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ limit ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ limit ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชุณุงูˆูˆุง
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit exist ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง
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ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุฌุจู†ุงู†ุงุŒ
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ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ a function f of x has a limit as x
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approaches c ู„ู‡ุง limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ x ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ c and only
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if ูˆ ูู‚ุท ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† it has a left hand and right
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hand limits ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„
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limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ there ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ c and these
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limits are equal ูˆุงู„ two limits ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
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ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุฐุงุชูŠ
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ุตูŠุบุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุณุทุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุจุฌุจ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ limit ุงู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ
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ุฅู„ู‰ C ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ L if and only if limit ุงู„ F of X
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ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ C ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ L
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ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช limit ุงู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ
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ุฅู„ู‰ C ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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L ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุชุณุงูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู€ function ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit exists ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุฃู†ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฃู†ู‡
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00:02:23,780 --> 00:02:28,660
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
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ุฃุฌุงูˆุจู‡ุงุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆุณู†ุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุจุณ
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ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ graph of a function as
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shown in the following figure ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุญุณุจ ู„ู„ limit ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุด
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงู…ุญูŠู†ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ limit ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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limit ุงู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
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00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:58,900
ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู†ุง
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00:02:58,900 --> 00:03:03,180
ุฑุงูŠุญ ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
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ุงู‚ุชุฑุจ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ
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ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ limit ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู†ุฌูŠ
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ู„ุจุนุฏู‡ุง limit ุงู„ f of x ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ zero
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00:03:16,140 --> 00:03:21,160
ุฅุฐุง ุฑูˆุญุช ู„ zero ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฒู„ ุฃูˆูŠู† ู„
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zero ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฑูˆุญุช ู„ zero ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฒู„
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ุฃูˆูŠู† ู„ zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
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limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด zero ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุฃุฎุฐ
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limit ู„ู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
47
00:03:36,740 --> 00:03:40,600
ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑุงูŠุญูŠู† ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
48
00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:44,600
ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit ู‡ู†ุง
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ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู†ุฃุฎุฐ limit ู„ู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง
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ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง
51
00:03:54,620 --> 00:03:59,020
ุฑุงูŠุญูŠู† ู„ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฑุงูŠุญุฉ
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00:03:59,020 --> 00:04:09,800
ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
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00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:15,540
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุชุงู†
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00:04:15,540 --> 00:04:20,760
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง does not exist ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
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does not exist ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Limit
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00:04:30,300 --> 00:04:31,640
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
57
00:04:41,980 --> 00:04:45,300
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ู„ูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ function ุจุนุฏ
58
00:04:45,300 --> 00:04:50,160
ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠ does not exist ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
59
00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:56,400
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง function ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐูŠ does not
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00:04:56,400 --> 00:05:02,470
exist ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุช ุณุจุนุฉ
61
00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:05,690
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ limit ุงู„ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจูŠุทุฑุญ ุฏู‡ C
62
00:05:05,690 --> 00:05:11,070
where C ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ interval ู…ู†
63
00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:14,630
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุดุฑุท ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู…
64
00:05:14,630 --> 00:05:19,750
ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
65
00:05:19,750 --> 00:05:26,100
ุงู„ limit ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุจูŠู†ูุนุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
66
00:05:26,100 --> 00:05:30,340
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ู†
67
00:05:30,340 --> 00:05:34,760
ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
68
00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:41,390
limit exist ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
69
00:05:41,390 --> 00:05:45,890
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ limit ุฃูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒู…
70
00:05:45,890 --> 00:05:50,230
ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
71
00:05:50,230 --> 00:05:56,350
ุณุคุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
72
00:05:56,350 --> 00:06:05,930
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ find the following
73
00:06:05,930 --> 00:06:09,490
limits
74
00:06:12,350 --> 00:06:20,430
if it exists ุฅุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจู„ุงุด ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
75
00:06:20,430 --> 00:06:27,750
ูˆุงุญุฏ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ absolute
76
00:06:27,750 --> 00:06:35,830
value ู„ู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ
77
00:06:35,830 --> 00:06:39,930
ู„ูˆ
78
00:06:39,930 --> 00:06:40,990
ุฌุงุก ุชุนูˆุถ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
79
00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:51,320
ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุงู„ domain ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„
80
00:06:51,320 --> 00:06:54,760
domain ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
81
00:06:59,330 --> 00:07:05,330
ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ interval ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
82
00:07:05,330 --> 00:07:10,090
ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
83
00:07:10,090 --> 00:07:14,210
ู„ุฃ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„
84
00:07:14,210 --> 00:07:18,970
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠู‡ุŸ ูู‡ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ
85
00:07:18,970 --> 00:07:23,980
ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุนุฑุถูŠู† ุชุฑูˆูŠู‡ุงุŒ
86
00:07:23,980 --> 00:07:30,920
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูุชูˆุญ
87
00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:36,300
ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ closed ู…ู† zero ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
88
00:07:36,300 --> 00:07:40,880
ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูŠุด ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฏู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
89
00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:44,660
ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ range closed
90
00:07:44,660 --> 00:07:49,680
interval ู…ู† zero ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
91
00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:53,760
ุจุฏู‡ุง limit ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
92
00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:59,260
ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุก ุชุนูˆุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจุณุท ุจ zero ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
93
00:07:59,260 --> 00:08:00,000
ุจ zero
94
00:08:03,250 --> 00:08:07,730
ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ุจุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ูู‚ุท
95
00:08:07,730 --> 00:08:11,390
ุจุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ absolute value ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ absolute
96
00:08:11,390 --> 00:08:16,190
value ู„ X ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X greater than or equal
97
00:08:16,190 --> 00:08:22,340
to 0 ูˆุณุงู„ุจ X ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 0 ุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ
98
00:08:22,340 --> 00:08:28,120
ู‡ุงุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒ ูˆู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู‚ูŠุต ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง X ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
99
00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:33,460
ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุจุณูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูู„ู„ X ู‡ูŠ X ุฅุฐุง X ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุจุณูˆู„ูŠุฉ
100
00:08:33,460 --> 00:08:38,050
ูู„ู„ X ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ X ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
101
00:08:38,050 --> 00:08:42,030
ุงู„ limit ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุฑุจ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ
102
00:08:42,030 --> 00:08:46,570
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ู„ absolute value ู„ู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต
103
00:08:46,570 --> 00:08:51,110
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ limit
104
00:08:51,110 --> 00:08:55,800
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ
105
00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:59,860
ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
106
00:08:59,860 --> 00:09:04,680
ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ real line ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุง
107
00:09:04,680 --> 00:09:09,840
ุฑุงูŠุญ ู„ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู„ุง
108
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:15,420
ุฃูƒุซุฑุŸ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุทุฑุญู‡ุง ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
109
00:09:15,420 --> 00:09:19,960
ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุฅู† ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง ุฏู‡
110
00:09:19,960 --> 00:09:24,600
ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
111
00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:30,180
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชุฎู„ุตุช ู…ู† ุงู„
112
00:09:30,180 --> 00:09:33,580
absolute value ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
113
00:09:33,580 --> 00:09:41,060
ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ X ู‡ุงูŠ X ู‡ู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู†
114
00:09:41,060 --> 00:09:46,700
ู‡ู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‡ู†ุง ุฒุงุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† X
115
00:09:46,700 --> 00:09:50,880
ูˆู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต X ุจุชุญู„ูŠู„ู†ุง ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุงุฆุฉ
116
00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:55,760
ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฌูุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ
117
00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:59,840
ุฅู„ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
118
00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:06,020
ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ุงู„ constant
119
00:10:06,020 --> 00:10:11,160
ุจุงู„ constant itself ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุฎุทูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ
120
00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:17,220
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุทุจ ุชุนุงู„ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง
121
00:10:17,220 --> 00:10:22,760
limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
122
00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:28,420
ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ absolute value ู„ู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰
123
00:10:28,420 --> 00:10:33,680
ุงู„ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง
124
00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:37,240
ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
125
00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:45,280
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
126
00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:51,200
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆูƒุณุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฏู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง
127
00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:56,420
ูˆุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ absolute
128
00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:03,360
value ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ itself ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ
129
00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:09,100
ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
130
00:11:09,100 --> 00:11:14,460
ู†ุฎุชุตุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
131
00:11:14,460 --> 00:11:19,320
limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
132
00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:25,800
ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
133
00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:30,640
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ limit exist
134
00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:35,100
ูˆู„ุง does not exist ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
135
00:11:35,100 --> 00:11:40,440
ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุณู‡ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„
136
00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:46,300
x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ absolute value ู„ x ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ x
137
00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:56,790
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต x ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ does not exist ุงู„ุณุจุจ because
138
00:11:56,790 --> 00:12:03,870
ุฃู† ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
139
00:12:03,870 --> 00:12:08,370
ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ limit ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง
140
00:12:08,370 --> 00:12:10,370
does not exist
141
00:12:12,930 --> 00:12:19,850
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
142
00:12:19,850 --> 00:12:26,010
ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ
143
00:12:26,010 --> 00:12:33,090
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ููŠ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ absolute value ู„ู„
144
00:12:33,090 --> 00:12:38,230
X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠู‘ุด ุงู„ absolute ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุท ูˆู„ุง
145
00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:43,150
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจุฃุซุฑู‘ุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
146
00:12:43,150 --> 00:12:47,450
ุจุฃุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„
147
00:12:47,450 --> 00:12:53,230
limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชุฌ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ limit ู„ู…ุง
148
00:12:53,230 --> 00:12:58,650
ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ
149
00:12:58,650 --> 00:13:04,450
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ููŠ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ absolute value ู„ู„ X
150
00:13:04,450 --> 00:13:09,930
ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ
151
00:13:09,930 --> 00:13:16,170
ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุฏุนูˆุฉ X
152
00:13:16,170 --> 00:13:19,930
ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุฏุนูˆุฉ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
153
00:13:19,930 --> 00:13:24,590
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุชูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
154
00:13:24,590 --> 00:13:29,180
ุงู„ absolute value ุจุญุท ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
155
00:13:29,180 --> 00:13:33,240
ุจุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ุจุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู‘ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡
156
00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:37,900
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
157
00:13:37,900 --> 00:13:44,020
ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุงู„ุขู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ
158
00:13:44,020 --> 00:13:50,020
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุชุณุนุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุจุณุงู„ุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„
159
00:13:50,020 --> 00:13:54,820
limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
160
00:13:54,820 --> 00:14:01,340
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ absolute value ู„ู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต
161
00:14:01,340 --> 00:14:05,940
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ
162
00:14:05,940 --> 00:14:11,960
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ููŠ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ุจูŠุฐู‡ุจ
163
00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:16,800
ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉุŒ
164
00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:23,120
ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ absolute value ูˆู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู†
165
00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:27,940
absolute ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉุŒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณ
166
00:14:27,940 --> 00:14:33,320
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ limitุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู€ 3
167
00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:40,550
ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ
168
00:14:40,550 --> 00:14:45,630
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
169
00:14:45,630 --> 00:14:50,790
limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุง limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ
170
00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:57,230
ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ููŠ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ absolute
171
00:14:57,230 --> 00:14:59,590
value ู„ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
172
00:15:07,730 --> 00:15:17,410
ู…ุง ู‡ูŠู‘ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง limit ู„ู…ุง
173
00:15:17,410 --> 00:15:25,280
ุงู„ X ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… X
174
00:15:25,280 --> 00:15
201
00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:36,120
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู„ู„ู€ X
202
00:18:36,120 --> 00:18:42,120
ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ู„ู€ X ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู„ู„ู€ X ู†ุงู‚ุต 2
203
00:18:42,120 --> 00:18:50,580
does not exist does not exist
204
00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:59,140
ุงู„ุณุจุจ because ุฃู† ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
205
00:18:59,140 --> 00:19:05,020
limit ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
206
00:19:05,020 --> 00:19:10,920
ุดุจู‡ู‡ ูˆุฃุดูˆู ู…ุงุฑุดูˆ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
207
00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:19,160
ู†ุงุฎุฏ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3.6 ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
208
00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:21,940
ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู„ู€ X ุนู„ู‰ X itself
209
00:19:24,940 --> 00:19:31,020
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฏ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3.6
210
00:19:31,020 --> 00:19:40,720
ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ X ูˆูŠุณู…ู‰ 3
211
00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:45,320
ูˆ 6 ู…ู† 10 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ 3.6 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด
212
00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:53,180
ู…ุซู„ุง 3.5 3.5 ุงุฑูุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู‚ู 4 ุจุตูŠุฑ
213
00:19:53,180 --> 00:19:59,000
ู‡ุฐู‡ 4 ุนู„ู‰ 3.6 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
214
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:07,480
40 ุนู„ู‰ 36 ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ 10 ุนู„ู‰ 9
215
00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:14,840
ุนู„ู‰ 9 ุทุจ ุขุฎุฏ ู„ู„ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3.6
216
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:20,360
ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู„ู€ X ุนู„ู‰ X ูˆ
217
00:20:20,360 --> 00:20:26,720
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3.6 ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ 3 ูˆ
218
00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:33,220
7 ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ู†ุฑูุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 4 ุนู„ู‰ 3 ูˆ
219
00:20:33,220 --> 00:20:39,410
6 ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ 10 ุนู„ู‰
220
00:20:39,410 --> 00:20:46,290
9 ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู† ุงู„ limit
221
00:20:46,290 --> 00:20:52,490
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3.6 ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
222
00:20:52,490 --> 00:20:58,530
ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด 10 ุนู„ู‰ 9 ุทูŠุจ ุงุณุชู†ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
223
00:20:58,530 --> 00:21:04,980
ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
224
00:21:04,980 --> 00:21:10,160
ู‚ุฏุงุด does not exist ู‡ู†ุง 1 ูˆููˆู‚ 0 ุตุงุฑุช does
225
00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:16,520
not exist ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ X ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ X
226
00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:21,320
ู„ูƒู† ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ exist ุฅูŠุด ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
227
00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:25,380
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ุงุชูุถู„ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑุงู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ
228
00:21:25,380 --> 00:21:28,540
ุฌุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ .. ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุญูˆู„ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
229
00:21:28,540 --> 00:21:31,700
ุงู„ู€ .. ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
230
00:21:31,700 --> 00:21:34,260
ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงุจ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ 3 ูˆ
231
00:21:34,260 --> 00:21:37,300
ุญุตุฉ 6 ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู†
232
00:21:37,300 --> 00:21:40,210
ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ .. ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ
233
00:21:40,210 --> 00:21:45,870
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ limit ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ C ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ limit
234
00:21:45,870 --> 00:21:50,390
ุฑุงุญุช ู„ุฑู‚ู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุจู„ู‚ ุงู„ limit ู…ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง
235
00:21:50,390 --> 00:21:54,530
ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู€ ูƒุซุฑ ุจู„ู‚ ุงู„ limit ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ
236
00:21:54,530 --> 00:21:59,890
ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง step function ุฏุงู„ุฉ
237
00:21:59,890 --> 00:22:04,570
ุงู„ู‚ูุฒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
238
00:22:04,570 --> 00:22:08,630
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ discontinuity ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู…ู†ูŠู†
239
00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:11,610
ุงู„ู‚ูุฒุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ limit
240
00:22:11,610 --> 00:22:16,110
ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ limit ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง does not exist
241
00:22:16,110 --> 00:22:23,350
ุทูŠุจ ู†ุนุทูŠูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ
242
00:22:23,350 --> 00:22:30,010
ููŠู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจู†ุทุฑุญ ุนุฏุฉ ุชุณุงุคู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุณุงุคู„ุงุช
243
00:22:30,010 --> 00:22:37,420
ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุขุฎุฐ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… 5
244
00:22:37,420 --> 00:22:51,720
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ 5 ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ limit ู„ู„ู€ F of X ู„ู…ุง
245
00:22:51,720 --> 00:23:00,900
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 where ุงู„ู€ F of X ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู†
246
00:23:02,380 --> 00:23:10,580
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต 5 ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ
247
00:23:10,580 --> 00:23:17,660
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู€ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ 13 ู„ู…ุง
248
00:23:17,660 --> 00:23:20,360
ุงู„ู€ X greater than 3
249
00:23:44,700 --> 00:23:50,980
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ 4 ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
250
00:23:50,980 --> 00:23:55,880
ุฃูˆู„ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุดุชู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ absolute value
251
00:23:55,880 --> 00:24:01,460
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุดุชู…ู„ูˆุง
252
00:24:01,460 --> 00:24:06,780
ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช integer floor
253
00:24:06,780 --> 00:24:11,820
function ุฃูˆ integer ceiling function ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
254
00:24:11,820 --> 00:24:17,100
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ piecewise function ุชุจู‚ู‰
255
00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:23,160
ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
256
00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:29,290
ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฑู‚ู… 3 ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
257
00:24:29,290 --> 00:24:33,570
ุงู„ู€ 3 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุขุฎุฏ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ุขุฎุฏ ุงู„
258
00:24:33,570 --> 00:24:36,530
limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจู„ ุฅุฌุจุงุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุขุฎุฏ ุงู„ limit ู…ู†
259
00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:41,230
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุขุฎุฏ limit
260
00:24:41,230 --> 00:24:47,090
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ู„ู€ F of X
261
00:24:47,090 --> 00:24:51,450
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
262
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:56,940
3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 3
263
00:24:56,940 --> 00:25:02,100
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† X ุชุฑุจูŠุน
264
00:25:02,100 --> 00:25:06,880
ู†ุงู‚ุต 5ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต 5ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
265
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:12,050
polynomial ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
266
00:25:12,050 --> 00:25:16,510
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 3 ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต 5 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด
267
00:25:16,510 --> 00:25:22,570
4 ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฏ limit ุงู„ู€ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
268
00:25:22,570 --> 00:25:30,770
X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† Limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X
269
00:25:30,770 --> 00:25:35,230
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
270
00:25:35,230 --> 00:25:39,950
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 3 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ function
271
00:25:39,950 --> 00:25:45,950
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู€ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ 13
272
00:25:45,950 --> 00:25:51,370
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุขุฎุฏู†ุง ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ limit ููŠ ุงู„ section ู‚ุจู„
273
00:25:51,370 --> 00:25:57,770
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ limit ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุตู„ุงุญูŠุงุช ูˆุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุชุญุช
274
00:25:57,770 --> 00:26:02,710
ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ
275
00:26:02,710 --> 00:26:08,490
ู…ุฏุงู… ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
276
00:26:08,490 --> 00:26:14,810
ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ู„ู€ 3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 13 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด 4 ู…ุฏุงู…
277
00:26:14,810 --> 00:26:18,930
4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู„ุนุจ ููŠ
278
00:26:18,930 --> 00:26:23,840
ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ ูˆุฅู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ limit ู…ู†
279
00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:28,700
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
280
00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:34,780
ุงู„ limit ู„ู„ู€ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 exist ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ
281
00:26:34,780 --> 00:26:40,120
ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 4 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ limit ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 4
282
00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:44,900
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ piecewise function ุจุณ
283
00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:59,620
ุจุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ 6 ุณุชุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ
284
00:26:59,620 --> 00:27:03,940
ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ example ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ example ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
285
00:27:03,940 --> 00:27:08,120
example ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
286
00:27:08,120 --> 00:27:17,070
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ F of X ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง AX plus 1
287
00:27:17,070 --> 00:27:23,230
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X less than or equal to 3 ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง AX
288
00:27:23,230 --> 00:27:29,890
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X greater than 3 find
289
00:27:29,890 --> 00:27:34,690
the value
290
00:27:37,490 --> 00:27:49,230
Find the value of the constant A
291
00:27:49,230 --> 00:28:00,530
ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุซุงุจุช A such that ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† limit
292
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:30,940
ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุจููƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง
293
00:28:30,940 --> 00:28:35,140
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ู‡ูˆ piecewise function ุฏู„ ู…ุฌุฒุฆูŠ
294
00:28:35,140 --> 00:28:39,840
ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆู†ูู‡ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
295
00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:44,100
ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ F of X ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง
296
00:28:44,100 --> 00:28:49,920
X plus 1 ู„ู…ุง X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3 ูˆ X ุชุฑุจูŠุน
297
00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:54,710
ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 ู„ู…ุง X greater than 3 ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ
298
00:28:54,710 --> 00:29:00,390
ู…ู‚ุจุงุฑ ุซุงุจุช A ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ limit ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง exist ุณุคุงู„
299
00:29:00,390 --> 00:29:03,510
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ุจู„ู‡ ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด ุนุงุฑู ุฃู†ุง exist ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุญุณุจุช ุงู„
300
00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:05,590
limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠุชู†ุง ู…ุน
301
00:29:05,590 --> 00:29:08,650
ุจุนุถูƒ ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูˆ exist what ุณุงูˆูŠ 4 ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ
302
00:29:08,650 --> 00:29:13,310
ุงู„ limit exist ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูู‡ุง ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
303
00:29:13,310 --> 00:29:16,250
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุชู„ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุจุช A ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ุงู„
304
00:29:16,250 --> 00:29:20,110
limit exist ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ limit
305
00:29:20,110 --> 00:29:24,610
ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ two limits ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
306
00:29:24,610 --> 00:29:29,170
ุจุณูˆูŠู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ูˆุจุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุจุช A ุฃุตุจุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก
307
00:29:29,170 --> 00:29:36,090
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุฌูŠ ุขุฎุฏ limit ุงู„ู€ F of X ู„ู…ุง
308
00:29:36,090 --> 00:29:42,790
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
309
00:29:42,790 --> 00:29:48,010
limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู…ู†
310
00:29:48,010 --> 00:29:53,550
ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
311
00:29:53,550 --> 00:30:01,430
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ AX plus 1 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ AX plus 1 ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
312
00:30:01,430 --> 00:30:07,050
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ุช ุนูˆู‘ุถ
313
00:30:07,050 --> 00:30:14,240
ุชุนูˆูŠุถุง ู…ุจุงุดุฑุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 3A plus 1 ุจุนุฏ
314
00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:18,800
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฏ ุงู„ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู†
315
00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:25,360
ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ F of X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ
316
00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:32,220
ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู…ู† ู„ู„ู€ AX ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 X
317
00:30:32,220 --> 00:30:37,320
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 3 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 3 ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
318
00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:42,720
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠุจุงู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
319
00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:49,000
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ A ููŠ 3 ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน
320
00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:56,080
ู†ุงู‚ุต 1ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 9A ู†ุงู‚ุต 1ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ
321
00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:01,730
ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ limit existsุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ since ุจู…ุง ุฃู†
322
00:31:01,730 --> 00:31:09,990
limit ู„ู„ู€ F of X ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ูŠู‡ 3 exists we
323
00:31:09,990 --> 00:31:15,190
have ุฅูŠุด
324
00:31:15,190 --> 00:31:21,890
ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฃู† 3A ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 9A ู†ุงู‚ุต
325
00:31:21,890 --> 00:31:26,730
ุงู„ู€ 1 ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Aู‡ุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุงู„ constants ุนู† ุจุนุถ
326
00:31:26,730 --> 00:31:32,530
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 6A ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง A ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด
327
00:31:32,530 --> 00:31:38,330
1/3 ุฅุฐุง A ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† 1/3 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุช ุงู„ limit
328
00:31:38,330 --> 00:31:42,750
ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง exist ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
329
00:31:42,750 --> 00:31:49,100
ุฌุงุจ ู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง ุดุบู„ุฉ ูู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆู‚ู
330
00:31:49,100 --> 00:31:56,140
ูˆู‚ูุฉ ู…ุญุงุณุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆู†ุณุฃู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุฆู„ุงุช ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
331
00:31:56,140 --> 00:32:00,920
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุขุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
332
00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:04,460
section ู„ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†
333
00:32:04,460 --> 00:32:09,240
ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุชูƒ ุจุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุจุญู„ู„
334
00:32:09,240 --> 00:32:15,020
ูˆุงุฎุชุตุฑ ุจู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฃุนู…ู„ ุดุบู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนูŠุงุด
335
00:32:15,020 --> 00:32:16,480
ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุฃู†
336
00:32:19,360 --> 00:32:26,440
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชู‰ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†
337
00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:29,620
ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ
338
00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:40,740
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุตุฏูƒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ
339
00:32:40,740 --> 00:32:47,300
ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ
340
00:32:47,300 --> 00:32:51,980
ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉุŒ
341
00:32:51,980 --> 00:32:55,960
ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชุญูˆู„ุŒ ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ
342
00:32:59,820 --> 00:33:06,680
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุชุนู…ุฏ ุฃุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
343
00:33:06,680 --> 00:33:10,480
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฐ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ limit ู…ู†
344
00:33:10,480 --> 00:33:15,600
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง
345
00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:19,280
ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุญุชู‰ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ ุชุนุฑู
346
00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:24,460
ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุจ ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ุชู‰ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
347
00:33:24,460 --> 00:33:26,760
ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
348
00:33:29,340 --> 00:33:35,300
ู…ุชู‰ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃูˆ ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
349
00:33:35,300 --> 00:33:43,780
ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ 4
350
00:33:43,780 --> 00:33:49,260
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
351
00:33:49,260 --> 00:33:56,800
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุงุญุชูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
352
00:33:56,800 --> 00:33:58,560
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚ุฉ
353
00:34:06,030 --> 00:34:17,470
ุฅุฐุง ุงุญุชูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ุณูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅูƒุณ
354
00:34:17,470 --> 00:34:24,150
ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅูƒุณ ุจู†ุฌูˆ ุณูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูƒุชุจ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ูˆุฏุงู„ุฉ
355
00:34:24,150 --> 00:34:34,030
ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ูˆุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู†ู…ุฑ
356
00:34:34,030 --> 00:34:45,940
3 ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฌุฒุฆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฒูŠ
357
00:34:45,940 --> 00:34:51,840
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑูŠู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
358
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:58,800
piecewise function ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฌุฒุฆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู†ู…ุฑ 4
359
00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:06,380
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
360
00:35:08,580 --> 00:35:24,680
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทุจุนุง
361
00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:28,420
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ section ู…ุด ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…
362
00:35:28,420 --> 00:35:33,480
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก
363
00:35:33,480 --> 00:35:37,160
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุนุทูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง
364
00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:47,580
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ูู†ุชูˆุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง
365
00:35:47,580 --> 00:35:52,560
ู‚ู„ุช ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฏู‰ุŸ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
366
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:57,660
ู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ ุขุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุขุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
367
00:35:57,660 --> 00:36:02,280
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุง ุงู„ุณู‚ูุŒ ุจุทู„ุน
368
00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:05,980
ู„ู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ุŒ ุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุจู†ุฒู„ ู„ู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
369
00:36:05,980 --> 00:36:08,040
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆูƒุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุณุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
370
00:36:21,870 --> 00:36:24,670
ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุทูŠุจ
371
00:36:37,650 --> 00:36:43,170
ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ 5 ูˆูƒู„ู‡ุง
372
00:36:43,170 --> 00:36:47,270
ู…ุง ุฌุจู†ุงุด ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ
401
00:40:50,350 --> 00:40:55,170
ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ by ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุจุนุฏูƒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆ
402
00:40:55,170 --> 00:40:59,750
ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ main ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
403
00:40:59,750 --> 00:41:04,780
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ
404
00:41:04,780 --> 00:41:09,540
ุฑูˆุญุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู€ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ limit ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
405
00:41:09,540 --> 00:41:17,040
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู€ sin ฮธ ุนู„ู‰ ฮธ ู„ู…ุง ฮธ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู…ู†
406
00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:23,190
ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ู€ zero ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
407
00:41:23,190 --> 00:41:28,430
ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ and
408
00:41:28,430 --> 00:41:36,150
ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู€ sin ฮธ ุนู„ู‰ ฮธ ู„ู…ุง ฮธ ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„
409
00:41:36,150 --> 00:41:44,720
zero ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
410
00:41:44,720 --> 00:41:50,060
ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ limit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
411
00:41:50,060 --> 00:41:56,220
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„
412
00:41:56,220 --> 00:42:01,400
sin theta ุนู„ู‰ theta ู„ู…ุง theta ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero
413
00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:07,470
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ zero ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ is
414
00:42:07,470 --> 00:42:12,950
undefined ู…ุงู‡ูŠุงุด ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ sin zero ุจู€ zero ุตุงุฑ
415
00:42:12,950 --> 00:42:16,590
zero ุนู„ู‰ zero ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
416
00:42:16,590 --> 00:42:22,910
ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจู‡ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡
417
00:42:22,910 --> 00:42:29,750
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
418
00:42:29,750 --> 00:42:39,650
ุงุญุณุจ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ example find
419
00:42:39,650 --> 00:42:45,970
the following limits
420
00:42:45,970 --> 00:42:50,750
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช
421
00:42:50,750 --> 00:42:57,130
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง
422
00:42:57,130 --> 00:43:04,190
ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู„ู€ sin X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุนู„ู‰ X
423
00:43:11,440 --> 00:43:17,320
ุทู„ุน ู„ู‡ู†ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ limit sin ฮธ ุนู„ู‰ ฮธ ู„ู…ุง ฮธ
424
00:43:17,320 --> 00:43:22,640
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
425
00:43:22,640 --> 00:43:27,400
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุฑูˆ
426
00:43:28,620 --> 00:43:34,000
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ู†ุง X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูˆู‡ู†ุง X ูˆู‡ู†ุง X ุจุฏูŠ
427
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:38,240
ู‡ุฏูŠ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
428
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:42,800
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุซูŠุชุง ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุด ุซูŠุชุง
429
00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:48,880
ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูƒุงู†
430
00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:53,980
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุถุฑุจ ููŠ ู†ุต ูˆ
431
00:43:53,980 --> 00:44:02,830
ุฃู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุต ู…ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง
432
00:44:02,830 --> 00:44:09,110
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ Zero ู„
433
00:44:09,110 --> 00:44:19,100
ู†ุต sin X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุนู„ู‰ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
434
00:44:19,100 --> 00:44:24,820
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ู†ุตุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู†ุต
435
00:44:24,820 --> 00:44:31,000
ููŠ XุŒ ู†ุต ููŠ XุŒ ู†ุต ููŠ ZeroุŒ ุจู€ ZeroุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
436
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:37,920
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฑุง ู‡ูŠูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ limit ู‡ุฐูŠ
437
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:46,300
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ุต ุงู„ู€ X ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุงู„ู€ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ Zero ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
438
00:44:46,300 --> 00:44:53,630
ู„ู€ sin X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุนู„ู‰ X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
439
00:44:53,630 --> 00:44:59,230
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุต ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ
440
00:44:59,230 --> 00:45:04,710
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุญูˆุฑ
441
00:45:04,710 --> 00:45:09,270
ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
442
00:45:09,270 --> 00:45:10,850
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง
443
00:45:30,660 --> 00:45:33,460
ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
444
00:45:40,820 --> 00:45:46,020
ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero
445
00:45:46,020 --> 00:45:57,840
ู„ู€ tan ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุฃูˆู„
446
00:45:57,840 --> 00:46:05,720
ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฏูŠ tan ูˆู„ูŠุณุช sin ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
447
00:46:05,720 --> 00:46:13,690
ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูˆู„ุง
448
00:46:13,690 --> 00:46:17,670
ู…ุฏูŠ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุณ ุงุณู…ุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
449
00:46:17,670 --> 00:46:24,650
ุงุณู…ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ step by step ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฃู†ุง
450
00:46:24,650 --> 00:46:28,890
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠ
451
00:46:28,890 --> 00:46:33,570
ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุง ุชู„ู ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุง ูˆุจุนุฏูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ
452
00:46:33,570 --> 00:46:38,130
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆู†ู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃูŠูƒู… ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰
453
00:46:38,130 --> 00:46:43,230
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู†ู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู…ุงุญุฏุด
454
00:46:43,230 --> 00:46:48,560
ู„ู‡ ุงุนุชุฑุงุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุณู…ู‡ ูŠุง ุงุจู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
455
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:53,460
ุฃุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง
456
00:46:53,460 --> 00:46:57,460
ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
457
00:46:57,460 --> 00:47:02,740
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ limit ู‡ุงูŠ
458
00:47:02,740 --> 00:47:12,440
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู€ tan ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sin ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
459
00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:17,860
ุตุงุฑุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ูˆู‡ู†ุง cos
460
00:47:17,860 --> 00:47:25,620
ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 10 ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง sin ุนู„ู‰ cos ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ
461
00:47:25,620 --> 00:47:29,640
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฑุงุญุช
462
00:47:29,640 --> 00:47:36,300
ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุถู„ุช ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุถู„ุช ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
463
00:47:36,300 --> 00:47:43,320
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ู€ zero ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุซุงุจุชุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡
464
00:47:43,320 --> 00:47:48,660
ุดุฑูู†ุง ุจุฑุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุซุงุจุช ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
465
00:47:48,660 --> 00:47:58,130
ุงู„ู€ limitุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง sin ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง
466
00:47:58,130 --> 00:48:03,910
ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ Zero ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
467
00:48:03,910 --> 00:48:08,250
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ Zero ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุดุชุŸ
468
00:48:08,250 --> 00:48:14,470
Zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒุงูุฆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
469
00:48:14,470 --> 00:48:21,370
ู„ู„ Zero By ู„ู„ู€ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ Zero
470
00:48:21,370 --> 00:48:30,670
ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ Cos 5X ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
471
00:48:30,670 --> 00:48:34,510
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
472
00:48:34,510 --> 00:48:40,450
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุณุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
473
00:48:40,450 --> 00:48:44,950
ู‡ูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงุนุชู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง
474
00:48:44,950 --> 00:48:50,720
ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู„ูŠุณุช ููŠ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
475
00:48:50,720 --> 00:48:56,200
ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฃูƒุชุจ ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
476
00:48:56,200 --> 00:49:03,680
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูˆุถ ุชุนุฏ ู…ุงุด ุงู„ู€ cos ุตูุฑ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
477
00:49:03,680 --> 00:49:09,480
ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
478
00:49:18,340 --> 00:49:24,300
ุจุชุณู…ุนุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุจุณุท ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุนู„ู‰
479
00:49:24,300 --> 00:49:29,120
X ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุซู„ุซ ุจุฑุง ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ tan ุฎู…ุณุฉ X ุนู„ู‰ X
480
00:49:33,460 --> 00:49:38,540
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุดูŠู„ุชู‡ ูˆุตุงุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุท ูˆุงู„ุจุณุท
481
00:49:38,540 --> 00:49:42,560
ุจุณุท ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู… ู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ู„ู… ุชุฃุชูŠ ุจุฌุฏูŠุฏ
482
00:49:55,270 --> 00:50:01,370
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠุด ุญูุธ ุงู„ู‡ูุธุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุชูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุชูˆุตู„ ู…ุณุฃู„ุชูƒ
483
00:50:01,370 --> 00:50:06,150
ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุŒ ุงุณู…ุน
484
00:50:06,150 --> 00:50:10,120
ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุงูู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ ุญูุธุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ
485
00:50:10,120 --> 00:50:14,380
ูู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ ุชูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุงุฌุชุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ูุชู†ุฉุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
486
00:50:14,380 --> 00:50:17,760
ุตุญุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ ููŠ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุตุญุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุญูุธุช
487
00:50:17,760 --> 00:50:21,280
ุญูุธุชุŒ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… X ุจุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงู…ุดูŠุŒ
488
00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:26,000
ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงุณุชูู‡ุงู… ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ู„ูƒ
489
00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:30,160
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉุŒ
490
00:50:30,160 --> 00:50:34,400
ุจุณ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุชุทูŠุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ justify
491
00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:39,240
your answer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจูŠู† ุฅุฌุงุจุชูƒ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฌุจุชู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
492
00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:42,840
ุฌุจุชู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุฏุบุฑูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญุฏ
493
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:48,620
ุฃู…ุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€ fox ุชุจุนูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
494
00:50:48,620 --> 00:50:52,560
ุงู„ุญุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน fox ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุฏุบุฑูŠุŒ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒุด
495
00:50:52,560 --> 00:50:56,850
ุฎุทูˆุงุชุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู€ radar ุฌุงุจู‡ุง ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
496
00:50:56,850 --> 00:51:00,710
ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุชููŠุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏุด
497
00:51:00,710 --> 00:51:05,570
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูŠุกุŒ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุชุฎุชุตุฑุดุŒ ูˆ
498
00:51:05,570 --> 00:51:09,270
ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญู„ ุฅูŠุงูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุชุตุฑุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฃุชุณู„ู…
499
00:51:09,270 --> 00:51:13,090
ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰
500
00:51:13,090 --> 00:51:16,610
ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎุทูˆุงุชูƒ ุตุญ ูˆุฃู†ุช
501
00:51:16,610 --> 00:51:21,450
ุบู„ุท ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุจู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ู…ุด ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู†
502
00:51:21,450 --> 00:51:26,190
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุญุทู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ
503
00:51:26,190 --> 00:51:31,550
ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุจุณุŒ ุงู‡ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
504
00:51:31,550 --> 00:51:35,710
ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฏุŒ ุฃุญู„ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ
505
00:51:35,710 --> 00:51:38,870
ุตูุญุงุช ู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุญุชุชูˆุงุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชูˆุตู„
506
00:51:38,870 --> 00:51:42,430
ู„ู‚ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทุจุตูŠุŒ ุงู„ุญู„ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุญุฉ. ูุฃู†ุช ุดูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ
507
00:51:42,430 --> 00:51:47,600
ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุจู‡ู…ู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ
508
00:51:47,600 --> 00:51:51,400
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญู„ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠ
509
00:51:51,400 --> 00:51:56,320
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุญู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ุง ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠุด
510
00:51:56,320 --> 00:52:00,920
ุจุทูŠุจ ุฏุฑุฌุชู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ
511
00:52:00,920 --> 00:52:05,840
ูŠุทู„ุน ูุงู‡ู… ู…ุด ุญุงูุธุŒ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ูุงู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŒ
512
00:52:05,840 --> 00:52:06,080
ุงู‡
513
00:52:10,830 --> 00:52:15,430
ูู‡ู…ุชุดุŸ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุตุญุŒ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุด ู„ูƒ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ
514
00:52:15,430 --> 00:52:19,010
ู„ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุชู‚ู„ุจ ุบุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ุŒ ุงุบู„ุจ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
515
00:52:19,010 --> 00:52:22,170
ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูŠุงู„ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชู†ุฒู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
516
00:52:22,170 --> 00:52:26,090
ูุทูŠุช ูˆู†ุฒู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุช ุทุจ ูˆุฃู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
517
00:52:26,090 --> 00:52:30,290
ู…ูˆุชุชุดุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุฒู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุฒู„ูŠ ู…ุน
518
00:52:30,290 --> 00:52:34,090
ุงู„ู„ุตุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุงุญุฏุด
519
00:52:34,090 --> 00:52:40,770
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุบู„ุทุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงุถุทุฑุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ
520
00:52:40,770 --> 00:52:44,850
ุฃู† ุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ xยฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
521
00:52:44,850 --> 00:52:48,470
ู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
522
00:52:48,470 --> 00:52:55,450
ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉุŸ ู„ุฃ
523
00:52:55,450 --> 00:52:59,630
ุจูƒุชุจุด ู„ูƒุŒ ุจูƒุชุจ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ู„ูŠู…ูˆุช ูˆุจุณูƒุชุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ู„ุนู„ูƒ ูˆ
524
00:52:59,630 --> 00:53:04,080
ุฃู†ุช ุชุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุชุญุทู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
525
00:53:04,080 --> 00:53:07,940
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณู‡
526
00:53:07,940 --> 00:53:12,360
ุจูุชุญู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎูŠุท ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุณู‡ .. ู„ุณู‡ .. ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
527
00:53:12,360 --> 00:53:20,940
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X
528
00:53:20,940 --> 00:53:30,680
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู€ X ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ X ููŠ cos X ุนู„ู‰ sin X ููŠ
529
00:53:30,680 --> 00:53:31,900
cos X
530
00:53:36,220 --> 00:53:43,560
ุณุคุงู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ X ุฒุงุฆุฏ X ููŠ cos X ุนู„ู‰ sin X ููŠ cos X ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ
531
00:53:43,560 --> 00:53:49,380
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู†ูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุจุณุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฎูŠุฑ ู†ุฌุฑุจ ู†ูˆุฒุน
532
00:53:49,380 --> 00:53:54,260
ู†ุดูˆู ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุจู†ูˆุตู„ุด ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
533
00:53:54,260 --> 00:54:01,660
limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero ู„ู„ X ุนู„ู‰ sin X cos
534
00:54:01,660 --> 00:54:14,550
X ุฒุงุฆุฏ X ููŠ cos X ุนู„ู‰ sin X ููŠ cos X ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุจุนุฑุญ
535
00:54:14,550 --> 00:54:20,530
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู€ limits ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ high limit ู„ู…ุง
536
00:54:20,530 --> 00:54:29,110
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero ู„ู„ X ุนู„ู‰ sin X ููŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง
537
00:54:29,110 --> 00:54:35,370
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ cos X ุฒุงุฆุฏ
538
00:54:35,370 --> 00:54:40,930
ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ุงุฎุชุตุฑู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
539
00:54:40,930 --> 00:54:49,350
ูˆุตุงุฑุช X ุนู„ู‰ sin X ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ
540
00:54:49,350 --> 00:54:53,410
ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ
541
00:54:53,410 --> 00:55:00,930
ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ cos ุตูุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
542
00:55:00,930 --> 00:55:07,150
ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ
543
00:55:07,150 --> 00:55:11,280
ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ
544
00:55:11,280 --> 00:55:14,580
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุณุท ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ
545
00:55:14,580 --> 00:55:19,320
ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุนุณุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
546
00:55:19,320 --> 00:55:33,800
ุงุซู†ูŠู† sin X cos X ุจู€ sin ุงุซู†ูŠู† X ุจู€ sin
547
00:55:33,800 --> 00:55:45,660
ุงุซู†ูŠู† X ุจู€ sin ุงุซู†ูŠู† X ุจู€ sin ุงุซู†ูŠู† X
548
00:55:45,750 --> 00:55:51,530
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูŠุญู„ ุจุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ูŠุญู„ ุจุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุณู„ูŠู…
549
00:55:51,530 --> 00:56:01,730
ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
550
00:56:01,730 --> 00:56:06,050
ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„
551
00:56:06,050 --> 00:56:14,720
ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ X ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ Zero ู„ู€ tan ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุนู„ู‰
552
00:56:14,720 --> 00:56:23,400
sin ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ X ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู†ุง
553
00:56:23,400 --> 00:56:26,760
ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุด
554
00:56:26,760 --> 00:56:35,470
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุงุŸ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ู…ุง
555
00:56:35,470 --> 00:56:40,510
ุดุจู‡ุชุด ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุญู„ู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ุช
556
00:56:40,510 --> 00:56:44,550
ุงู„ู‚ุตุงูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุตุงูŠู„ ูˆุญู„ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุช
557
00:56:44,550 --> 00:56:48,790
ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุนุฑูุด ูุงู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุนุฑูุดุŸ ุฃู†ุง
558
00:56:48,790 --> 00:56:55,140
ูƒู…ุตุญุญ ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุบู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ู„ูƒู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†
559
00:56:55,140 --> 00:56:57,940
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุด ูˆูˆุฑู‚ุชูƒ ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน
560
00:56:57,940 --> 00:57:04,340
ุบูŠุฑูŠุŒ ู…ุง ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุนู„ู‰
561
00:57:04,340 --> 00:57:08,680
ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
562
00:57:08,680 --> 00:57:12,120
ุจุนุฑูู‡ ุตุญุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ sin ูˆุชูƒูˆู† sin
563
00:57:12,610 --> 00:57:19,750
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„
564
00:57:19,750 --> 00:57:32,210
sin 3x ุนู„ู‰ sin 8x ููŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰ cos 3x ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tan
565
00:57:32,210 --> 00:57:37,770
ูˆุญุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู€ limit ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
566
00:57:37,770 --> 00:57:45,290
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ 0 ู„
567
00:57:45,290 --> 00:5
601
01:01:30,110 --> 01:01:34,290
ุฌุฑุงุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู…ุฑ ุฌุฑุงุฏุฉ ู„ู… ุชุฃุชู ุจุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฃู†ุช ู‚ุฑุฑุช ู…ุง
602
01:01:34,290 --> 01:01:38,910
ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุนุดูŠ ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ุช ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆู„ู… ุชุฃุชู
603
01:01:38,910 --> 01:01:44,210
ุจุฃูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ูŠุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ
604
01:01:44,210 --> 01:01:49,650
ู„ู… ุชุฎุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุงุณุชูˆุนุจุช ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุจุณุฃู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
605
01:01:49,650 --> 01:01:52,710
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒุฑุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
606
01:02:04,540 --> 01:02:11,150
ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ
607
01:02:11,150 --> 01:02:14,830
ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ Zero
608
01:02:14,830 --> 01:02:19,970
ุจู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด Zero ุทุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
609
01:02:19,970 --> 01:02:25,810
ู„ู€ Zero ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ
610
01:02:25,810 --> 01:02:31,890
ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ู€ X ู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ุฎุฐุชู‡ุง
611
01:02:31,890 --> 01:02:37,130
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู‚ู„ ุณุคุงู„ูƒ ุฃุชุฑุญุจุŸ ุงู‡
612
01:02:42,990 --> 01:02:48,470
ุชุนุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุจุดูˆู ู„ุง
613
01:02:48,470 --> 01:02:52,970
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุณ ูƒุฏู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู…ุงุฎุฐูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ ุชูุถู„ ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุง
614
01:02:52,970 --> 01:02:56,990
ู…ุด ุดุงูŠู ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุฃุด ูƒุชุจ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠู† ุฌุงู…ุจ
615
01:02:56,990 --> 01:03:01,690
ุจูˆุฒ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎุงุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
616
01:03:01,690 --> 01:03:04,710
x ุนู„ู‰ x ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ x ุนู„ู‰
617
01:03:04,710 --> 01:03:08,290
x ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ x ุนู„ู‰ x ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
618
01:03:08,290 --> 01:03:11,690
ุฏุบุฑูŠ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ
619
01:03:13,950 --> 01:03:18,750
ู…ุง ููŠุด ุชุทู„ุน ุฅุฌุงุจุชูƒ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… sound
620
01:03:18,750 --> 01:03:21,810
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ x ุนู„ู‰ x ุตูˆุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง
621
01:03:21,810 --> 01:03:25,970
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ู†ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
622
01:03:25,970 --> 01:03:29,910
ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุบู„ุท ุฃู†ุช ูุงู‡ู… ุบู„ุท
623
01:03:29,910 --> 01:03:35,750
ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทุจ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุง
624
01:03:35,750 --> 01:03:39,550
ุงุจู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏู‘ูŠุด ุชุญูุธ ุญูุธ ู…ุง ุจุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู… ูุฑู‚
625
01:03:39,550 --> 01:03:42,730
ู…ุง ุจุชูู‡ู…ุด ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุง ุจุชูู‡ู…ุด ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุง ุจุชูู‡ู…ุด
626
01:03:46,370 --> 01:03:51,490
x ุนู„ู‰ x ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุงูƒุฑ
627
01:03:51,490 --> 01:03:57,410
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุงูƒุฑ
628
01:03:57,410 --> 01:04:01,510
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ x ุนู„ู‰ x ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ูŠู†
629
01:04:01,510 --> 01:04:03,810
ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงุจุช
630
01:04:03,810 --> 01:04:07,910
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฏูˆุด ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ
631
01:04:20,520 --> 01:04:25,460
ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ุชูˆู‘ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุตุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ
632
01:04:25,460 --> 01:04:29,080
ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ุฎุทุฃุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุญุทู‡ุŒ ุจุญุท ู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡
633
01:04:29,080 --> 01:04:33,880
ุณูุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุญุชุŒ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†
634
01:04:33,880 --> 01:04:39,620
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุดูˆู ูŠุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ุง ู†ุณุฎู„
635
01:04:39,620 --> 01:04:44,200
ุนู‚ู„ูŠุชูƒ ูˆ ู†ูู‡ู…ูƒ ุชูู‡ู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจุฏู‘ูŠุด
636
01:04:44,200 --> 01:04:49,940
ูŠุงูƒ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงู…ูŠู… ุจุฏู‘ูŠูƒ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูุงู‡ู… ุญุชู‰ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน
637
01:04:49,940 --> 01:04:54,240
ุณู†ูŠู† ุชูˆู‚ู ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูŠุฏ ูˆ ุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง
638
01:04:54,240 --> 01:04:57,620
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‘ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠู‘ุงู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ุจุฏู‘ูŠุด ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงูุธ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู…ุดูŠ
639
01:04:57,620 --> 01:05:04,000
ูˆ ุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู…ุดูŠุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุง ุนู… ุชูุถู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู…ู†
640
01:05:04,000 --> 01:05:07,840
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุนุฌุงู„
641
01:05:07,840 --> 01:05:14,160
ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŸ ูƒู„ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุตุงุฑุช
642
01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:18,840
ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุชุนูˆูŠุŒ ุชู†ุนูˆุถุŒ ุชุจุช x ูˆ y
643
01:05:30,210 --> 01:05:34,610
ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณ ุชุชุนูˆุฏ ูˆ ุชุดูŠู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฏู‘ู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
644
01:05:34,610 --> 01:05:39,150
ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฃูŠู‘ ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุฃู†ุง
645
01:05:39,150 --> 01:05:43,870
ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ูŠุธู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุงู†ุช x
646
01:05:43,870 --> 01:05:48,490
ูƒุงู†ุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ x ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุงู‚ุต x ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
647
01:05:48,490 --> 01:05:54,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฏูŠ ุฑุจู‘ุน ู„ูƒ ุงู‡
648
01:05:54,030 --> 01:05:57,870
ูƒู„ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠูƒุชุจ ุตุญ ู…ุด ูŠูƒุชุจ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
649
01:05:57,870 --> 01:06:01,990
ูƒุงุชุจ ุฌุจู„ ูˆุงู„ุฏ ุชุณูˆูŠ n ู…ุง ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ูƒ ุชูƒุชุจ
650
01:06:01,990 --> 01:06:05,910
limit ุจุฏูˆู† limit ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ ุทุจ
651
01:06:05,910 --> 01:06:12,650
ุบู„ุทุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† limit ุบู„ุทุŒ ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุช ุจุฏู‘ูƒ ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุดุŒ ูŠุง
652
01:06:12,650 --> 01:06:17,290
ุงุจู†ูŠ ุฃูู„ูƒ ุชุนู„ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ุจุดุฃู† ุจูƒุฑุง ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
653
01:06:17,290 --> 01:06:27,040
ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุŒ ุจุจู†ู‰ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x
654
01:06:27,040 --> 01:06:35,020
ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ู€ sign x ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ x ุชุฑุจูŠุน
655
01:06:35,020 --> 01:06:44,300
zx ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡
656
01:06:44,300 --> 01:06:52,060
ุดู‡ุฏ ูŠุง ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุฏู‡ุŸ ุญุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠ
657
01:06:52,060 --> 01:06:57,050
ู…ุซู„ุชูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ x ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ polynomial ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
658
01:06:57,050 --> 01:07:02,150
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ x ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠุด ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
659
01:07:02,150 --> 01:07:07,490
ุฃุตู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ x ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ x ู†ู‚ุต
660
01:07:07,490 --> 01:07:12,070
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ู†ุง x ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู†ุง x
661
01:07:12,070 --> 01:07:17,580
ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุจุตูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุถูŠู ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
662
01:07:17,580 --> 01:07:22,200
ู†ุงุจู‚ูˆุง ู†ุฎู„ู‚ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุญู„ู‘ุฉ ู†ุงุจู‚ูˆุง ู†ุฎู„ู‚ู†ุง x ู†ุงู‚ุต
663
01:07:22,200 --> 01:07:27,120
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูุฑุฌู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‘ู‡
664
01:07:27,120 --> 01:07:32,840
ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ limit x ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ zero
665
01:07:32,840 --> 01:07:41,180
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ sign x ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญู„ู„ู‡ุง | ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† | x ูˆ
666
01:07:41,180 --> 01:07:46,160
| x ูˆ | ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ | ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
667
01:07:46,160 --> 01:07:52,060
ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ู†ุง
668
01:07:52,060 --> 01:07:57,980
ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฌุฒูŠุกู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ limit
669
01:07:57,980 --> 01:08:04,800
ู„ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุฏู„ูŠู„ t ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ู† x
670
01:08:04,800 --> 01:08:11,320
ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู„ู€ sine x ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
671
01:08:12,560 --> 01:08:17,800
ุจุนุฏ max ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ุถุงู„
672
01:08:17,800 --> 01:08:24,340
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ x ุฒูŠุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุช x ุจุฏู‡ุง
673
01:08:24,340 --> 01:08:28,360
ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู„ max ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ูŠุจู‚ู‰ x
674
01:08:28,360 --> 01:08:32,920
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุฒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ limit ุฅู„ู‰ two
675
01:08:32,920 --> 01:08:38,890
limits ุณุคุงู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
676
01:08:38,890 --> 01:08:42,450
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุง ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏู‘ู„ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
677
01:08:42,450 --> 01:08:47,330
ุฃู†ุง ุดูŠู„ุช x ู†ุงู‚ุตู‡ุง ูˆ ุญุงุทูŠุช ููุฏุงู„ู‡ุง y ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ y y y
678
01:08:47,330 --> 01:08:51,030
ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
679
01:08:51,030 --> 01:08:55,090
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุบู„ ุชุญุท ุงู„ู€ x ุชุญุท ุงู„ู€ y
680
01:08:55,090 --> 01:08:58,930
ุชุญุท ุงู„ู€ z ุชุญุท ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุญุท ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฌูˆุง
681
01:08:58,930 --> 01:09:02,630
ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุงุฒุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
682
01:09:02,630 --> 01:09:08,670
ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู†
683
01:09:08,670 --> 01:09:15,030
ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุซุงุจุช ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
684
01:09:15,030 --> 01:09:20,850
ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃุชูุฑุฌ
685
01:09:20,850 --> 01:09:25,170
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุชุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
686
01:09:25,170 --> 01:09:32,010
ู†ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู†ูŽุจู‚ู‰ ุณุชุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ 6 ุจุงู„ู€
687
01:09:32,010 --> 01:09:41,310
delimit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ sin ูˆุงุญุฏ
688
01:09:41,310 --> 01:09:48,410
ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ x ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง
689
01:09:48,410 --> 01:09:54,850
ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ุทุงู„ุน
690
01:09:54,850 --> 01:10:00,440
ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ limit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
691
01:10:00,440 --> 01:10:05,860
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ sign ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
692
01:10:05,860 --> 01:10:10,820
ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ sign ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
693
01:10:10,820 --> 01:10:16,380
ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ูˆ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
694
01:10:16,380 --> 01:10:20,680
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine x ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู†ุณู…ุน
695
01:10:31,970 --> 01:10:35,830
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุต ูƒูˆุณูŠู† ูˆุฌุณู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุต
696
01:10:35,830 --> 01:10:41,370
ูƒูˆุณูŠู† ู…ุง ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุชุฑุญ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
697
01:10:41,370 --> 01:10:46,050
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ limit ู„ู…ุง
698
01:10:46,050 --> 01:10:52,090
ุงู„ู€ x ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู€ sine ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x
699
01:10:52,090 --> 01:10:58,070
ุนู„ู‰ x ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine
700
01:10:58,070 --> 01:11:03,770
ุงู„ู€ x ูˆ ุฃุฌุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ
701
01:11:03,770 --> 01:11:09,300
ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุทูŠุจ
702
01:11:09,300 --> 01:11:13,280
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ limit
703
01:11:13,280 --> 01:11:18,920
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃูŠู‘ sine ูˆุงุญุฏ
704
01:11:18,920 --> 01:11:29,130
ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูƒูˆ ุตูŠู† ุงู„ู€ x ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูˆ
705
01:11:29,130 --> 01:11:36,490
ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุถู„ู‘ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถู„ู‘ ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ x ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต
706
01:11:36,490 --> 01:11:45,150
ูƒูˆ ุตูŠู† ุงู„ู€ x ูƒู„ ุบุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ x ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
707
01:11:45,150 --> 01:11:50,710
ุจุฏู‘ู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
708
01:11:50,710 --> 01:11:56,530
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
709
01:11:56,530 --> 01:12:02,230
ุดูˆู ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ Zero
710
01:12:02,230 --> 01:12:09,750
ุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ cosine ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€
711
01:12:09,750 --> 01:12:16,130
cosine ุงู„ู€ Zero ู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด cosine ุงู„ู€ ZeroุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ
712
01:12:16,130 --> 01:12:20,820
cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ
713
01:12:20,820 --> 01:12:26,960
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุถูŠู ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ cosine ุงู„ู€ x
714
01:12:26,960 --> 01:12:29,320
ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
715
01:12:34,370 --> 01:12:41,190
ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine
716
01:12:41,190 --> 01:12:47,930
ุงู„ู€ x ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ Zero ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ Zero ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง
717
01:12:47,930 --> 01:12:53,570
ุงู„ู€ x ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ Zero ุจูŠูƒุงูุฆู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x
718
01:12:53,570 --> 01:12:59,820
ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ zero ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ limit ู„ู…ุง
719
01:12:59,820 --> 01:13:05,620
ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู€ sin ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x
720
01:13:05,620 --> 01:13:11,040
ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ููŠ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x
721
01:13:11,040 --> 01:13:18,920
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุทูŠุจ
722
01:13:18,920 --> 01:13:25,280
ู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ high
723
01:13:25,280 --> 01:13:31,840
limit ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃุณุชุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุจู…ูŠู† ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x
724
01:13:31,840 --> 01:13:38,100
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู„ู€ sine ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€
725
01:13:38,100 --> 01:13:44,150
x ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช
726
01:13:44,150 --> 01:13:48,810
ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฏู‘ุด ุชุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ูŠุงุจุงู† ุฌูˆุณูŠู†ุฉ ุชุญุทู‡ุง ุซูŠุชุง ุชุญุทู‡ุง
727
01:13:48,810 --> 01:13:52,690
ูˆุงูŠ ุชุญุทู‡ุง ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
728
01:13:52,690 --> 01:13:56,250
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู†ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
729
01:13:56,250 --> 01:14:02,450
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูƒู…ู„ high limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏุฃ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero
730
01:14:02,450 --> 01:14:07,870
ุงู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ู€ zero ุนู„ู‰ zero ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
731
01:14:07,870 --> 01:14:14,570
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฏุจู‘ุฑ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
732
01:14:14,570 --> 01:14:21,210
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุจู†ูุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ bus
733
01:14:21,210 --> 01:14:25,430
ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‘ูŠ
734
01:14:25,430 --> 01:14:27,110
ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช
735
01:14:34,470 --> 01:14:39,250
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠูุฌุฑ ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุดูŠู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุต ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
736
01:14:39,250 --> 01:14:41,350
cosine ุชุฑุจูŠุน x ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
737
01:14:46,490 --> 01:14:51,950
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุงู„ู€ bus
738
01:14:51,950 --> 01:14:55,670
ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุงู„ู€ x ูˆ ูƒุชุจู†ุง
739
01:14:55,670 --> 01:14:59,930
ุจุฏู„ู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน x ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู„ุงู… ุณู„ูŠู…
740
01:14:59,930 --> 01:15:03,870
100% ูˆู…ุง ุญุฏุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบู„ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุดููƒุชูŠู†
741
01:15:03,870 --> 01:15:10,330
ุตุญ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุดูŠู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine
742
01:15:10,330 --> 01:15:15,050
ุงู„ู€ x ูˆุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน x ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
743
01:15:15,050 --> 01:15:20,050
ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุณุท ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ
744
01:15:20,050 --> 01:15:25,370
ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ cosine ุงู„ู€ x ุชุญุจ ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ูˆ
745
01:15:25,370 --> 01:15:32,350
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ high
746
01:15:32,350 --> 01:15:39,470
limit ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine x ุนู„ู‰ x ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
747
01:15:39,470 --> 01:15:46,190
cosine x ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ cosine x ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
748
01:15:46,190 --> 01:15:52,080
ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู†
749
01:15:52,080 --> 01:15:57,620
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ุงู„ุจุณุท ูุฑู‚
750
01:15:57,620 --> 01:16:03,860
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู€ x ุนู„ู‰
751
01:16:03,860 --> 01:16:12,250
x ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ cosine ุงู„ู€ x ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‘ู‡
752
01:16:12,250 --> 01:16:17,890
ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ุจุฏู‘ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุจุนุช
753
01:16:17,890 --> 01:16:22,070
ุงู„ุจุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุงู‚ุต cosine ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒูˆุณูŠู†
754
01:16:22,070 --> 01:16:29,350
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ limit ู„ู„ู€ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู€ x ุนู„ู‰ x ููŠ limit
755
01:16:29,350 --> 01:16:35,970
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ cosine
756
01:16:35,970 --> 01:16:46,030
ุงู„ู€ x ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ
757
01:16:46,030 --> 01:16:53,350
ู„ู€ zero ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุงุฎุฐ sin x ุนู„ู‰ x ููŠ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
758
01:16:53,350 --> 01:16:59,590
x ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู€ sin x ููŠ limit ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ x ุจุฏู‡ุง
759
01:16:59,590 --> 01:17:07,070
ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ zero ู„ู€ 1 ุนู„ู‰ 1 ุฒุงุฏ cosine x ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู‚ุฏู‘ุงุดุŸ
760
01:17:07,820 --> 01:17:15,800
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
761
01:17:15,800 --> 01:17:21,520
ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
762
01:17:21,520 --> 01:17:27,160
limit ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ function ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
763
01:17:27,160 --> 01:17:33,220
ุงู„ู€ section ูˆุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆู„ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ููŠ
764
01:17:33,220 --> 01:17:41,860
ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ exercises ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
765
01:17:41,860 --> 01:17:50,400
exercises ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
766
01:17:50,400 --> 01:17:54,580
ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ
767
01:17:54,580 --> 01:18:02,