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ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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Hepatocellular injury ู‡ู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠู‡ุง damage
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00:00:08,670 --> 00:00:13,530
ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ALT Alanine
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Aminotransferasea transferase with enzymatic
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activity similar to AST ุดุบู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€
6
00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:29,650
AST ุฅูŠู‡ ุดุบู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ูŠู†ุฌู„ู‚ ุฃู…ูŠู† ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
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ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸConverts ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ALT ูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู†
8
00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:42,440
ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆูุงุช
9
00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,840
ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Amino Acid
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00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:52,380
ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงุฑุงุช ููŠ
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00:00:52,380 --> 00:00:57,100
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู†ุฒุน ุงู„ู€ Amino
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00:00:57,100 --> 00:01:01,630
Groupุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
13
00:01:01,630 --> 00:01:06,690
ูˆุจูŠู†ุฌู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ ฮฑูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงุฑูŠุช
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ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Pyruvate ูˆุงู„ู€
15
00:01:13,410 --> 00:01:18,670
ฮฑูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงุฑูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Glutamate
16
00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:25,130
ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ู‡ุทู„ุจูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุจุณ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ูˆ
17
00:01:25,130 --> 00:01:31,030
ู„ู„ูู‡ู…ุงู„ู€ Clinical Significance ู„ู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
18
00:01:31,030 --> 00:01:35,590
ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALT it is found in the kidneys,
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00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:39,910
heart and skeletal muscle tissue but primarily in
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00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:44,030
the liver tissue ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆูŠู†
21
00:01:44,030 --> 00:01:47,910
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
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00:01:47,910 --> 00:01:53,470
ุงู„ูƒุฏู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ุงุฑุช ูˆุงู„ุณูƒู„ุชุงู„ muscle ูˆุงู„ RBCs ุถูŠูู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
23
00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,400
ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cell ุฎู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
24
00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:02,760
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุง ุชุณูƒุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
25
00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:07,680
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุทูŠ primarily ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู€ ALT
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00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:12,600
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุท ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
27
00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:16,280
kidney ูˆุงู„ู€ heart ูˆุงู„ู€ skeletal muscle ูˆุงู„ู€ RBCs
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00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:22,080
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ liver tissue ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจ
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00:02:22,080 --> 00:02:28,040
high concentration ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„
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00:02:28,040 --> 00:02:34,220
serum ุฒูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ AST ุงู„ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง
31
00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:38,960
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ ALT ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ serum
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00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,830
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:48,910
tissueุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุซุฌุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ุงู„ู€
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test is used mainly in the diagnosis of liver
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disease and to monitor the effects of hepatotoxic
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drug ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูุญุต ุงู„ ALT ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต
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00:03:01,850 --> 00:03:06,930
ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ
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00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:13,700
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุงุจุน ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
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00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:19,260
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Drug ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชุฃุซุฑ
40
00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:24,520
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ injury
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00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:30,040
ููŠู‡ุง ูุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ
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00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:35,940
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸoften higher than AST with liver damage and
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tend to remain elevated longer ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT
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00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:48,220
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช liver damage
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00:03:48,220 --> 00:03:53,160
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช liver damageุงู„ู€
46
00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:57,720
AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุชุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุณ
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00:03:57,720 --> 00:04:02,220
ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ุงู„ู€ ALTุŸ ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
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00:04:02,220 --> 00:04:06,700
ุงู„ูƒุจุช ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
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00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:11,860
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุชุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆุงู„ู€ AST ู„ุจุฑุงุŒ
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00:04:11,860 --> 00:04:17,110
ุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆ ุงู„ู€ AST ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
51
00:04:17,110 --> 00:04:22,050
ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ ALT ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST
52
00:04:22,050 --> 00:04:28,250
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุฃุนู„ู‰
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00:04:28,250 --> 00:04:32,690
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุน ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:38,510
AST ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
55
00:04:38,510 --> 00:04:44,250
ุฃูŠุถุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡
56
00:04:44,250 --> 00:04:49,090
ุบูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
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00:04:49,090 --> 00:04:54,390
liver damage ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
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00:04:54,390 --> 00:05:02,690
ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠmore liver
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00:05:02,690 --> 00:05:07,930
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ more liver specific than AST
60
00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:13,510
ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ ALT
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00:05:13,510 --> 00:05:18,050
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ AST ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ liver
62
00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:24,070
damage ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ ALT
63
00:05:24,070 --> 00:05:30,490
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ ASTูˆู…ุด ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT
64
00:05:30,490 --> 00:05:37,150
ุจูŠุธู„ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
65
00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:43,270
ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณุŒ ุณุช ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู€ AST ูŠุฑุฌุน ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆูŠุธู„ ุงู„ู€ ALT
66
00:05:43,270 --> 00:05:49,150
ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serumุชู…ุงู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
67
00:05:49,150 --> 00:05:57,230
ALT ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ ูุญุต
68
00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,700
ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏู…ู† ูุญุต ุงู„ ASC ุชูุงุฌู†ุง ุฅู†
69
00:06:03,700 --> 00:06:09,280
ุงู„ ASC ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุจุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏุจุญ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ุจุฑุชูุน
70
00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:14,860
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ ALT ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ remains
71
00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:20,040
normal in acute myocardial infarction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
72
00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:25,400
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฐุจุญ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ
73
00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:30,260
ู„ูŠุด ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุชุณุฃู„ูˆู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ุชุญูƒูˆู„ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ ALT
74
00:06:30,260 --> 00:06:34,880
ู‡ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด
75
00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:39,140
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏุจุญ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ
76
00:06:39,140 --> 00:06:42,200
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney ูˆ ุงู„ู€ heart ูˆ ุงู„ู€ skeletal
77
00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:48,420
muscle ูˆ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ
78
00:06:48,420 --> 00:06:52,760
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุดูˆุจ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
79
00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,680
ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:00,320
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
81
00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:05,220
SerumุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฌ
82
00:07:05,220 --> 00:07:09,020
ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Normal RangeุŒ
83
00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:15,020
ุฅุฐุง ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ
84
00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,580
ุงู„ู€ Specimen Collection ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ AST ุณูŠุฑู…
85
00:07:21,580 --> 00:07:25,140
ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Anticoagulant ุฅุฏุชุง ุฃูˆ
86
00:07:25,140 --> 00:07:30,820
ู‡ูŠุจุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€ RBCs
87
00:07:30,820 --> 00:07:35,240
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุฌู†ุจ ุฃุฌู…ุน ุนูŠู†ุฉ Hemolyse ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€
88
00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:39,660
Hemolyse ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง rejection ุฃุฑูุถู‡ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
89
00:07:39,660 --> 00:07:44,600
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุณุฑู‚ู„ู‡ุง Hemolysis ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs
90
00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:48,630
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู…ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ
91
00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:56,770
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ RBCs ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจู€ 5
92
00:07:56,770 --> 00:08:01,010
ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
93
00:08:01,010 --> 00:08:07,090
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆู„ูƒู† 5 ุฃุถุนุงูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
94
00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:13,600
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจู€ 15 ุฏุนููŠุนู†ูŠ
95
00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:19,880
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALT
96
00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:25,020
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
97
00:08:25,020 --> 00:08:31,740
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ู€ ยซSay for enzyme
98
00:08:31,740 --> 00:08:36,140
activityยป ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
99
00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:41,460
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุนุฉ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALT
100
00:08:42,350 --> 00:08:48,250
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู†ูุณ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ุด
101
00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:52,030
ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุฒู…ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ู€
102
00:08:52,030 --> 00:08:58,330
slide ุชู„ุฎูŠุตู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
103
00:08:58,330 --> 00:09:02,430
principle ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูุญุต ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ AST ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ
104
00:09:03,290 --> 00:09:07,070
ุงู„ู€ Serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ patient ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ู€
105
00:09:07,070 --> 00:09:10,490
enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุฏูŠ
106
00:09:10,490 --> 00:09:15,390
ุฃุญุณุจ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ู‡ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ concentration
107
00:09:15,390 --> 00:09:25,350
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุชุŸ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุง
108
00:09:25,350 --> 00:09:32,870
ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฅุฌู„ุชุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐูŠ substrate ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reagentู‡ู„
109
00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:35,990
ุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-ketoglutarate
110
00:09:35,990 --> 00:09:40,950
ุณุจุณุชุฑูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Reagent ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุท
111
00:09:40,950 --> 00:09:45,710
ุงู„ู€ Reagent ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ุงู„ู€ ALT
112
00:09:45,710 --> 00:09:49,670
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุจุณุชุฑูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
113
00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:53,630
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Reagent ูˆูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู€ Pyruvate
114
00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:57,930
ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-ketoglutarate ู„ู€ Glutamateุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆููŠุงุช
115
00:09:57,930 --> 00:10:02,250
ู‡ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NADH ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฐุงูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ูƒุชุงุช
116
00:10:02,250 --> 00:10:07,390
ุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุฐ ุญูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู„ูƒุชุงุช ูˆ NADH ุงู„ู€ Decrease ููŠ
117
00:10:07,390 --> 00:10:12,030
ุงู„ู€ Absorbance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ NADH ุงุชุญูˆู„ุช ู„ู€ NADH ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ุง
118
00:10:12,030 --> 00:10:15,390
reductionูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ decrease ููŠ
119
00:10:15,390 --> 00:10:20,110
ุงู„ู€absorbance ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€absorbance ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡
120
00:10:20,110 --> 00:10:24,230
ุนู„ู‰ 340 nanometer ุงู„ู€ wavelength ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
121
00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:30,550
ุงู„ู€UV ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€absorbance ู‡ูŠุนุจุฑ
122
00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:35,890
ุนู† ุงู„ู€activity ุชุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู€enzyme ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„
123
00:10:35,890 --> 00:10:41,310
procedure ู…ุด ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ุทุจุนุง
124
00:10:41,310 --> 00:10:45,700
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉูŠุง ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ AST ู„ุฃู†
125
00:10:45,700 --> 00:10:48,300
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ procedure ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
126
00:10:56,930 --> 00:11:03,430
ุงู„ู€ Normal Range ู„ู€ ALT ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† 13 ู„ 35
127
00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:08,410
International Unit Per Liter ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูู…ุงู† ู…ู† 10 ู„ 30
128
00:11:08,410 --> 00:11:13,830
International Unit Per Liter High Serum Levels in
129
00:11:13,830 --> 00:11:19,790
Acute Hepatitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALTุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
130
00:11:19,790 --> 00:11:23,130
ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute
131
00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:29,090
Hepatitis ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
132
00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:35,050
ุจูŠุตู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute Hepatitis ู…ู†
133
00:11:35,050 --> 00:11:41,650
300 ู„ู€ 1000 International Unit per LiterุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุงู„ู€
134
00:11:41,650 --> 00:11:46,810
ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ุนู†ุฏ
135
00:11:46,810 --> 00:11:50,570
ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุจูŠุตู„
136
00:11:50,570 --> 00:11:56,590
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู† ู…ู† 300 ู„1000 IU per liter ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
137
00:11:56,590 --> 00:12:02,850
ู„ู‡ moderate elevationุงู„ู€ Moderate elevation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
138
00:12:02,850 --> 00:12:07,530
ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
139
00:12:07,530 --> 00:12:11,130
Alcohol Hepatitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ Hepatitis ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠ
140
00:12:11,130 --> 00:12:15,370
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ Alcohol Hepatitis ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
141
00:12:15,370 --> 00:12:20,660
ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุงุชู…ู† 100 ู„ู€ 300
142
00:12:20,660 --> 00:12:24,620
International Unit per Liter ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ููŠ
143
00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:28,220
ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Alcohol Hepatitis Minor
144
00:12:28,220 --> 00:12:33,780
elevation ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจุดูƒู„ ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
145
00:12:33,780 --> 00:12:38,900
ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ุชู„ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ู€ Hepatitis C ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
146
00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:43,320
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
147
00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:52,320
Hepatitis C ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุชู„ุชู‡ุจ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ
148
00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:57,600
ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Non-alcohol Stetohepatitis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡
149
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:04,260
NASH ุงู„ู€ Non-alcohol Stetohepatitis ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถุทุจุนุงู‹
150
00:13:04,260 --> 00:13:10,660
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุชุดู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชุดู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
151
00:13:10,660 --> 00:13:15,860
ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ liver ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ูุงุช ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰
152
00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:21,110
ุงู„ liverูˆู…ุด ุจุฏ ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูƒุญูˆู„
153
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:24,350
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู†ุง alcohol ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุตุงุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
154
00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:28,490
ู…ุง ุจูŠุดุฑุจูˆุง ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
155
00:13:28,490 --> 00:13:34,350
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… metabolic
156
00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:40,500
syndrome ูŠุนู†ูŠ opacity ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
157
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:44,560
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุถู‡ูˆู†
158
00:13:44,560 --> 00:13:51,100
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
159
00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:55,660
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Minor Innovation ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT
160
00:13:55,660 --> 00:14:00,280
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† 50 ู„ู€ 100 International Unit per Liter
161
00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,560
ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Non-alcoholistetohepatitis ู„ูˆ
162
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:09,460
ุญุจูŠุชู‡ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุฌู„ ุชุดูˆูู‡ ูˆ
163
00:14:09,460 --> 00:14:17,400
ุชุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุชู…ุงู…Levels of AST and ALT AST is
164
00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:21,960
assessed along ALT ุงู„ู€ Monitoring Liver Damage ูŠุง
165
00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:28,000
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุทู„ุจ ูƒู„ ูุญุต ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT
166
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:33,540
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุทู„ุจูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูŠุท ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
167
00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:39,610
ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุญุฏุซ liver damage or not ุชู…ุงู…ุŸThese two
168
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:44,990
values normally exist in an approximately ูˆุงุญุฏ
169
00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:51,250
ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ratio ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT
170
00:14:51,250 --> 00:14:57,030
ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูุงู„ ratio
171
00:14:57,030 --> 00:15:02,830
ู„ุฅู„ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ุจ ratio ูˆุงุญุฏ
172
00:15:02,830 --> 00:15:07,390
ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ
173
00:15:07,390 --> 00:15:13,240
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸas a rough guide ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
174
00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:19,860
ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ AST ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
175
00:15:19,860 --> 00:15:24,460
ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Alcohol Hepatitis
176
00:15:24,460 --> 00:15:28,260
ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
177
00:15:28,260 --> 00:15:33,040
Cirrhosis ุชู„ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Metastatic Cancer
178
00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:38,700
of Liver ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู†ุณุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู†ุณุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
179
00:15:39,230 --> 00:15:45,750
ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ liver ุงู„ู€ non-pilary cirrhosis
180
00:15:45,750 --> 00:15:50,670
ุชู„ูŠูุงุช ุจุชุฎุต ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ุง ุจุชุฎุต ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
181
00:15:50,670 --> 00:15:58,060
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ
182
00:15:58,060 --> 00:16:03,320
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Viral End Drug Hepatitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุฏ
183
00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:10,040
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุซุฑุช
184
00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:15,210
ุจุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุงู„ู€ Chronic Hepatitis C ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
185
00:16:15,210 --> 00:16:21,590
ุงู„ูƒุจุช ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏุฎู„
186
00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:25,690
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ chronicุŒ ู…ุฒู…ู†ุฉ ุญุงู„ุงุช
187
00:16:25,690 --> 00:16:29,590
ุงู„ู€ Hepatic Obstruction ุงู†ุซุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bile Reduct
188
00:16:29,590 --> 00:16:34,390
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุงุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ ALT
189
00:16:34,390 --> 00:16:41,190
ุจุฒูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASD ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุชุŸ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
190
00:16:41,190 --> 00:16:47,290
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุดูŠูƒ ู‡ู„ ููŠ
191
00:16:47,290 --> 00:16:52,210
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ุณุชุงุซุซ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุตุงูˆูŠ Stons ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ูุณู‡
192
00:16:52,210 --> 00:16:56,490
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Biliary
193
00:16:56,490 --> 00:17:02,010
duct ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุณูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ Stons ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุฃูˆู„ ูุญุต
194
00:17:02,010 --> 00:17:06,330
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ALB ุงู„ู€Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme
195
00:17:07,530 --> 00:17:12,090
Phosphatases transfer a phosphate moiety from one
196
00:17:12,090 --> 00:17:16,430
group to a second Forming an alcohol and a second
197
00:17:16,430 --> 00:17:20,330
phosphate compound ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ reaction
198
00:17:20,330 --> 00:17:26,020
ู‡ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALB ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
199
00:17:26,020 --> 00:17:31,220
at alkaline pH ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ medium media ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
200
00:17:31,220 --> 00:17:36,680
media ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ pH ู„ุงุฒู…
201
00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:42,120
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ substrate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
202
00:17:42,120 --> 00:17:44,980
ู„ู‡ substrate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู… ุงู„
203
00:17:44,980 --> 00:17:50,940
substrate ููˆุณููˆ ู…ูˆู†ูŠุณุชุฑ ููˆุณููˆ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุฅูŠุณุชุฑู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
204
00:17:50,940 --> 00:17:55,760
enzyme ุจูŠุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ substrate ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุซุฑู‡ุง ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
205
00:17:55,760 --> 00:18:01,180
ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ููˆุณูุงุช ุงูŠูˆู† ู„ู…ุง
206
00:18:01,180 --> 00:18:06,180
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ููˆุณูุฉ monoester ู…ุน
207
00:18:06,180 --> 00:18:11,830
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ ALB ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูƒุญูˆู„ ูˆ ููˆุณูุงุช ุงูŠูˆู†At
208
00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:16,770
alkaline pH The optimal reaction pH for ALP is
209
00:18:16,770 --> 00:18:22,450
between 9 ูˆ10 ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ enzyme ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุฏู‡ pH ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
210
00:18:22,450 --> 00:18:27,210
9 ู„ 10 and that is with the buffer and substrate
211
00:18:27,210 --> 00:18:32,590
ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ุจุณ ุงู„ููˆุณูุฉ ู…ู†ูŠุณุชุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ substrate ู„ู„
212
00:18:32,590 --> 00:18:36,840
enzyme ููŠู‡ substrate ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme
213
00:18:36,840 --> 00:18:40,920
require ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… as an activator ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุฏู‡
214
00:18:40,920 --> 00:18:44,380
ู…ุญูุธุŒ ุจุฏู‡ co-factor ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุฏู‡
215
00:18:44,380 --> 00:18:49,240
ู…ุญูุธ ุงู„ู…ุญูุธ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
216
00:18:51,740 --> 00:18:58,640
ุงู„ู€ Isoenzymes ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู€ ALB ALB exists as a
217
00:18:58,640 --> 00:19:03,820
number of Isoenzymes ุงู„ู€ ALB ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
218
00:19:03,820 --> 00:19:11,080
ุงู„ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ organ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ major are thus
219
00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:15,580
found ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ููŠ
220
00:19:15,580 --> 00:19:20,430
ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
221
00:19:20,430 --> 00:19:24,510
ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถุงู… ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
222
00:19:24,510 --> 00:19:30,430
placenta ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุฉ ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ูƒูŠู ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูุฑุฌ
223
00:19:30,430 --> 00:19:37,310
ูƒู„ ALB ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
224
00:19:37,310 --> 00:19:39,510
ุงู„ูƒุจุชุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
225
00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:44,870
intestine ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุธุงุฆุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู…ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุดุงุฑูƒ ู…ุน
226
00:19:44,870 --> 00:19:49,790
ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
227
00:19:49,790 --> 00:19:55,190
ุฃูุฑุฌ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ุฃูุตู„ู‡ู… ุจุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis
228
00:19:55,190 --> 00:20:00,010
ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุท ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone
229
00:20:00,010 --> 00:20:06,340
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intestineูˆุจุชุญุณุจ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ALB
230
00:20:06,340 --> 00:20:09,880
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูุฑ ุจุชู… ุญุณุงุจ
231
00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:14,260
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestine
232
00:20:14,260 --> 00:20:20,380
ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุจุญูƒูŠ ู„ู„ู€ ALBู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ
233
00:20:20,380 --> 00:20:24,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุนู„ู‰
234
00:20:24,980 --> 00:20:30,140
ุงู„ุฌู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cellulose acetate ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ูƒู†
235
00:20:30,140 --> 00:20:34,240
ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestine ููŠ ุงู„ู€
236
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:37,680
Electrophoresis ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูุตู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุฉ
237
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:44,530
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฃูˆ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูŠ
238
00:20:44,530 --> 00:20:48,810
immunochemical ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ
239
00:20:48,810 --> 00:20:53,700
ุงู„ู€ ALB Antigenุงู„ู€ Enzyme ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen
240
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:59,060
ุจุฑูˆุญ ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง Antibody ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Antigen ูุงู„ู€
241
00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:02,620
Antibody ุจุฑุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Enzyme ูˆ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Complex
242
00:21:02,620 --> 00:21:06,540
Antibody Antigen Reaction ุจุญุณุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Complex
243
00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:14,040
ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ู†ุนูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดูˆู ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ Enzyme ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุง
244
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:21,160
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจู‘ุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
245
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:26,060
serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT
246
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:33,920
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ASTู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅุฌุงู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต ูุญุตู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ
247
00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:38,220
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ูˆ ู„ุงุฌุฆุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
248
00:21:38,220 --> 00:21:44,000
ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ ุงู†ุฏูŠ damage ููŠ ุงู„ organ
249
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:49,080
ุทูŠุจ ุฃูŠ organ ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŸ ู‡ู„ ุญุฏุซ damage ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆู„ุง
250
00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:52,560
ููŠ ุงู„ bone ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ placenta ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ intestine
251
00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:58,860
ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฑููŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฅุฐุง ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALP
252
00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:04,220
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฅู†
253
00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:08,480
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ tissue damage ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
254
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:12,960
ูˆููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ organ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
255
00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,560
damageุŸ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง
256
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,700
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุงุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ intestineุŸ ู…ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
257
00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:26,430
ููŠู‡ู… ALP ู…ุงุจู†ุนุฑูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ
258
00:22:26,430 --> 00:22:31,910
ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุจุชุฑูˆุญู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู
259
00:22:31,910 --> 00:22:36,990
ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
260
00:22:36,990 --> 00:22:40,070
ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB
261
00:22:40,070 --> 00:22:44,410
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestine ู…ูŠู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
262
00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:49,920
ุทุจุนุง ูู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ Densitometerุจุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
263
00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:54,180
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ ูุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
264
00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:58,700
ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุดุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุญุต ุงู„
265
00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:04,780
ALP ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถุงู…ุŒ
266
00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:09,520
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุงุŒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ู‡
267
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:15,030
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุงู„ู€ Clinical Significance ุจุฏู†ุง
268
00:23:15,030 --> 00:23:20,650
ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALB ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต
269
00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:25,010
alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the
270
00:23:25,010 --> 00:23:29,440
liver pan placenta intestine and kidneysุงู„ู€ ALB
271
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:33,800
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tissue ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
272
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,320
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงู† ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intestine ูˆ ุงู„ู€
273
00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:40,680
kidneys ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฃุชู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
274
00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:44,520
ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ organ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
275
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:49,580
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠู‡ุง ALB ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง
276
00:23:49,580 --> 00:23:55,410
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงA
277
00:23:55,410 --> 00:24:00,610
primarily in the cells lining the biliary tract
278
00:24:00,610 --> 00:24:06,570
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
279
00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:11,230
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ biliary tract ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ุฏูŠ
280
00:24:11,230 --> 00:24:16,690
ุงูƒู… ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
281
00:24:16,690 --> 00:24:20,590
ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€Intestine ู‚ู†ุงุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
282
00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,470
ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€Biliary Duct ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุชุญุชู‡ุง ููŠ
283
00:24:25,470 --> 00:24:30,270
ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุตูุฑูŠุฉุŒ Biliary Duct ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ
284
00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:34,990
ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Biliary Duct ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ
285
00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:40,030
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง
286
00:24:40,030 --> 00:24:51,350
ุงู„ู€ALBุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
287
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:57,410
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ stones ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
288
00:24:57,410 --> 00:25:03,010
ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุฏู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ
289
00:25:03,010 --> 00:25:10,530
ALB ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชูุถู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
290
00:25:10,530 --> 00:25:17,010
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ
291
00:25:17,010 --> 00:25:21,190
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
292
00:25:21,190 --> 00:25:27,210
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชูุฑุฒ ALP ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ
293
00:25:27,210 --> 00:25:31,850
ุงู„ุฏู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู…ุคุดุฑ
294
00:25:31,850 --> 00:25:38,170
ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุงุณุฒ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ุฅุฐู†
295
00:25:38,170 --> 00:25:42,610
ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏู…ุด
296
00:25:42,610 --> 00:25:47,310
ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงุถุฏู…ุฑุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€
297
00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:52,260
ALP ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูุฑุฒ ALB ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
298
00:25:52,260 --> 00:25:57,400
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„
299
00:25:57,400 --> 00:26:02,720
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุญุตุงูˆูŠ
300
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:07,040
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
301
00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:11,700
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
302
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:18,700
ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ALB ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
303
00:26:18,700 --> 00:26:24,860
ุงู„ู€ ALB ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Osteoplast ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
304
00:26:24,860 --> 00:26:30,340
ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ involved in the formation of
305
00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:34,310
a new bone ุงู„ุฌุซุฉ ุงู„ุนุถุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุจู†ูŠุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู€
306
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:39,690
Osteoplast ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู†ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฑุถู‡
307
00:26:39,690 --> 00:26:47,190
ุจุชูุฑุฐ ALB ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ููŠ ALB ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุงู„ู€ ALB is normally
308
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:53,030
executed from the liver in the bile ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALB
309
00:26:53,030 --> 00:27:00,190
ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ executionู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
310
00:27:00,190 --> 00:27:08,790
ุงู„ู€ Biliary Duct ู„ู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
311
00:27:08,790 --> 00:27:16,370
ุงู„ู€ ALP ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุดุงุฆุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€
312
00:27:16,370 --> 00:27:20,790
Bonne Growth ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Children ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
313
00:27:20,790 --> 00:27:24,870
ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู…ุด ุจู†ุญูƒูŠุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ู„ู„ุนุถู…
314
00:27:24,870 --> 00:27:29,390
ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Osteoplast ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ
315
00:27:29,390 --> 00:27:34,070
ุชุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฐ
316
00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:39,390
ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฅุธุงู…ุŒ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฐ ุงู„ู€ ALB ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
317
00:27:39,390 --> 00:27:44,660
ALBุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ALP ุญุงู„ุฉ
318
00:27:44,660 --> 00:27:49,260
ุฌูŠู‡ ุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุนุงู„ู‰ ู„ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู‰
319
00:27:49,260 --> 00:27:53,240
ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ osteoblast ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุฉ
320
00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:57,020
ุชุญุช ุงู„ุนุถู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุดุบู„ู‡ุง
321
00:27:57,020 --> 00:28:01,520
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ release ู„ู„ ALP ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ ALP ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…
322
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:07,100
ูˆูŠุฑุชูุน ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช liver
323
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:11,180
disease ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุท ุตุญ
324
00:28:11,180 --> 00:28:15,140
ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูุฃูŠ ุฏู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุท ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ
325
00:28:15,140 --> 00:28:19,460
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ ALP ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ binary
326
00:28:19,460 --> 00:28:25,120
obstruction ุงู†ุณุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
327
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:29,610
stones ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุญุตุงูˆูŠ
328
00:28:29,610 --> 00:28:35,870
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆู†ุช ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ALB ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
329
00:28:35,870 --> 00:28:40,830
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง ูˆูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูุฑุฒ
330
00:28:40,830 --> 00:28:47,640
ALB ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฃุฐู† ุชู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
331
00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:52,700
ALP ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ stones ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
332
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:56,820
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ growth ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„
333
00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:02,780
ุทุจูŠุนูŠSerum ALB Activity Primarily Reflects
334
00:29:02,780 --> 00:29:06,740
ุงู„ู€Changes ููŠ ุงู„ู€Bone ูˆLiver Function ุทุจุนุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
335
00:29:06,740 --> 00:29:12,400
ุงู„ู€ ALB ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ ALB ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุฑ
336
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:17,340
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุท ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุท
337
00:29:17,340 --> 00:29:22,100
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ูุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ liver ุฃูˆ ููŠ
338
00:29:22,100 --> 00:29:27,100
ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ ALBุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
339
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:31,880
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ALP ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡
340
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:40,270
ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุนู„ู‰
341
00:29:40,270 --> 00:29:44,110
ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ุชูุงุฌู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ tissue
342
00:29:44,110 --> 00:29:49,030
ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ organ ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€
343
00:29:49,030 --> 00:29:54,530
ALB ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„
344
00:29:54,530 --> 00:29:57,910
bone ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ ALB ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„
345
00:29:57,910 --> 00:30:02,350
bone ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ organ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
346
00:30:02,350 --> 00:30:08,780
ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸSpecimen collection ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ a blood
347
00:30:08,780 --> 00:30:12,720
should be drawn after a fast of at least 8 hours
348
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:18,140
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ ALP ูŠูุถู„ ูŠูุถู„ ุฃู† ู†ุตูˆู… 8
349
00:30:18,140 --> 00:30:22,980
ุณุงุนุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุณูŠุฑู… ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
350
00:30:22,980 --> 00:30:29,480
anticoagulant ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ูู‚ุท ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑูŠู† slight
351
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:35,440
hemolysis isTolerable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู†ุช
352
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,220
ุดุงูŠูุฉ ููŠู‡ Hemolysis ุดุงูŠูุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ููŠ
353
00:30:38,220 --> 00:30:42,060
ุงู„ุงุฑุจูŠุณูŠุฒ ูˆู„ูƒู† slight ุจุณูŠุท ุฃูˆ ุฎููŠู ุจู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง
354
00:30:42,060 --> 00:30:46,200
tolerable ุชู…ุงู… but gross Hemolysis ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุชู†ูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ
355
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:52,560
ุงู„ุงุฑุจูŠุณูŠุฒ ุฃุบู„ุจู‡ุง ู…ูƒุณุฑ ุงุฌุฑุณ Hemolysis ุงุฌุฑุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
356
00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,360
Hemolysis ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ should be avoided
357
00:30:56,360 --> 00:31:03,190
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุฑูุถ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุฅุฐู† ุจูู‡ู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
358
00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:07,190
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌูˆู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู…ุชูุงุฌู†ุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
359
00:31:07,190 --> 00:31:10,590
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
360
00:31:10,590 --> 00:31:15,570
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ point ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู†
361
00:31:15,570 --> 00:31:20,190
ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ point ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ it is
362
00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:24,630
best to analyze ุงู„ ALB specimens the same day they
363
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:29,290
are drawn ูŠูุถู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุฎุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง
364
00:31:29,290 --> 00:31:32,510
ุฃุฎุฒู† ุงู„ serum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ูุฑูŠุฒุฑ
365
00:31:32,510 --> 00:31:36,310
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ ALB ูˆูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฌู…ุน ููŠู‡
366
00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:41,830
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูุญุต ุงู„ enzyme ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุงู„ู€ ALB is
367
00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:46,650
inhibited bymetal-complexing anticoagulant ุฅูŠุด
368
00:31:46,650 --> 00:31:51,730
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏูŠุชุง ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงู„ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
369
00:31:51,730 --> 00:31:56,670
anticoagulant ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฃุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฏูŠุชุงุŒ
370
00:31:56,670 --> 00:32:01,410
ุฃุฌุฒุงู„ุงุชุŒ ุณุชุฑุงุช ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฃุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ู… ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
371
00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:07,250
anticoagulant ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ูƒู€ chelating agent ุจุชุดุชุบู„
372
00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:12,830
ูุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุงุชูุงุฌู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
373
00:32:12,830 --> 00:32:18,930
Co-Factor ู„ู€ ALB ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ู†ุดุงุท ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALB
374
00:32:18,930 --> 00:32:23,690
ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุนูŠู†ุช ุงู„ุฏู…
375
00:32:23,690 --> 00:32:28,010
ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠุชุง ุฃูˆ ุฃุฌุฒุงู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฑูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Anticoagulant
376
00:32:28,010 --> 00:32:31,920
ุชุดุชุบู„ Calculating Agent ุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
377
00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:35,120
ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
378
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:39,440
substrate ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ cofactor ุชู… ุณุญุจู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
379
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:44,180
ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ anticoagulant ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibit ู„ู„
380
00:32:44,180 --> 00:32:50,080
enzyme ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู„ ALB ูƒูŠู ุจุชุซุจุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุณุญุจ
381
00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:55,420
ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
382
00:32:55,420 --> 00:33:01,500
anticoagulantassay for enzyme activity ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู
383
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:06,740
ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ ALP almost all
384
00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:11,520
assays for ALP employ P-Nitrophenyl Phosphate as
385
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:16,660
the substrate ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุชุงู„ู€
386
00:33:16,660 --> 00:33:20,820
Reagent ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Substrate ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
387
00:33:20,820 --> 00:33:25,840
SubstrateุŸ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ B-Nitro Phenyl Phosphate ู‡ุฐู‡
388
00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:32,030
ุงู„ู€ Substrate ุชุจุน ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALB ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ู„ุฌูŠุชุŒ
389
00:33:32,030 --> 00:33:35,330
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุชุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€Reaction ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒูŠู
390
00:33:35,330 --> 00:33:40,570
ุงู„ู€Reaction ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ALB ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Enzyme ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
391
00:33:40,570 --> 00:33:43,650
ุงู„ู€Patient Serum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€Patient Plasma ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
392
00:33:43,650 --> 00:33:48,190
ุฃู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€Activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€Reagent ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
393
00:33:48,190 --> 00:33:52,830
ุงู„ู€CAT ุงู„ู€Reagent ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€CAT ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ
394
00:33:52,830 --> 00:33:57,610
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€Reagent ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Substrate ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€B
395
00:33:57,610 --> 00:34:02,910
-Nitrophenyl Phosphateูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Substrate colorless
396
00:34:02,910 --> 00:34:09,030
ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ู„ูˆู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ู€ pH ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ reagent ู‡ูŠ
397
00:34:09,030 --> 00:34:12,810
alkaline media ู„ุฃู† ุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
398
00:34:12,810 --> 00:34:18,150
alkaline media ุนุดุฑุฉ point ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ pH ู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู…ุง
399
00:34:18,150 --> 00:34:21,990
ุชุฎู„ุท ุงู„ู€ reagent ุงุฏุฑูŠู‡ ูˆุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ serum ุชุจุน ุงู„
400
00:34:21,990 --> 00:34:26,640
patientุŸุงู„ู€AlB ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒุณู‘ุฑ
401
00:34:26,640 --> 00:34:30,240
ุงู„ู€substrate ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€reagent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€B
402
00:34:30,240 --> 00:34:37,080
-Nitrophenyl Phosphate ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
403
00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:44,400
ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€B-Nitrophenol-Phosphate-Ion ุงู„ู€B
404
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:50,760
-Nitrophenol ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
405
00:34:50,760 --> 00:34:57,080
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุงู†ุชุตุงุต ุนู„ู‰ 405 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ุจุชู… ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
406
00:34:57,080 --> 00:35:01,810
ุงู„ู€ Spectrophotometerูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
407
00:35:01,810 --> 00:35:06,470
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„
408
00:35:06,470 --> 00:35:11,810
ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูุญุต ูุญุต ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ุงู†
409
00:35:11,810 --> 00:35:16,350
ุฃูˆ ุฏู‡ูˆู† colorometric reaction ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ASC ูˆ ุงู„ู€
410
00:35:16,350 --> 00:35:20,770
ALT ุงู„ู€ ASC ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… procedure ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€
411
00:35:20,770 --> 00:35:26,950
ALP ู„ุฃ colorometric ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงู„ู€ ALB
412
00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:30,850
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Reagent ุงู„ู€
413
00:35:30,850 --> 00:35:35,150
Reagent ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ B-Nitrophenylfosfate
414
00:35:35,150 --> 00:35:39,310
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme
415
00:35:39,310 --> 00:35:45,610
ูˆูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุงู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฅุนุทุงุก ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€B
416
00:35:45,610 --> 00:35:50,370
-Nitrophenol ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญุท ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰
417
00:35:50,370 --> 00:35:55,350
ุงู„ู€Reagent ุชุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ู€Reaction ู„ูˆู† ุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ
418
00:35:55,350 --> 00:36:00,250
ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชุฑุถูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€Activity ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†
419
00:36:00,250 --> 00:36:05,330
ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชุฑุถูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€Activity ุชุจุน
420
00:36:05,330 --> 00:36:09,930
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฅุฐุงู‹ Calorimetric reaction ุนุงุฏูŠ
421
00:36:09,930 --> 00:36:15,670
ุฌุฏุงู‹ุงู„ู€ Normal Range ู„ู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู…
422
00:36:15,670 --> 00:36:21,630
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† 40 ู„125 International Unit per Liter
423
00:36:21,630 --> 00:36:27,930
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Glutamyl
424
00:36:27,930 --> 00:36:32,950
Transferase ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ GGT Gamma Glutamyl
425
00:36:32,950 --> 00:36:37,150
Transferase ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
426
00:36:37,150 --> 00:36:42,930
ALB ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุดูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ู„ ููŠู‡ ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุงุณุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
427
00:36:42,930 --> 00:36:46,430
Biliary Tract ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
428
00:36:46,430 --> 00:36:50,400
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ reaction
429
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:56,060
ุชุจุนู‡ุŸ ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู†ุญูุธู‡ ุจุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ Transfers ุงู„ู€
430
00:36:56,060 --> 00:37:00,340
Gamma Glutamyl Residue from Gamma Glutamyl Peptide
431
00:37:00,340 --> 00:37:04,940
usually Glutathione to Amino Acid H2O and other
432
00:37:04,940 --> 00:37:09,840
small peptides Glutathione serves as the Gamma
433
00:37:09,840 --> 00:37:15,080
Glutamyl donor ุฅูŠู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุฏู‡ุŸ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
434
00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:19,800
ุงู„ู€ Glutathione ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญู…ุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ุฉุงู„ู€ ยซGamma
435
00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:22,940
Glutamyl Transferaseยป ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
436
00:37:22,940 --> 00:37:27,920
ุจู†ุฌู„ ุงู„ู€ ยซGamma Glutamyl Residueยป ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
437
00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:33,320
ยซGlutathioneยป ูˆุจูŠูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฃุณุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูˆ
438
00:37:33,320 --> 00:37:37,100
ุฃุณุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cysteine
439
00:37:37,100 --> 00:37:42,420
ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู„ู€ ยซGlutathioneยป ู‡ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ยซGlutamyl
440
00:37:42,420 --> 00:37:49,090
PeptideยปูˆูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ cysteine glycine
441
00:37:50,630 --> 00:37:55,550
ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุฌู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Glutamyl
442
00:37:55,550 --> 00:38:01,430
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Glutathione ู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฃุณุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒู€
443
00:38:01,430 --> 00:38:07,110
donor ูƒู…ุนุทูŠ ู„ู€ Gamma Glutamyl ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€
444
00:38:07,110 --> 00:38:12,190
Glutathione ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒู€ donor ูƒู…ุนุทูŠ ู„ู€ group ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ
445
00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:16,820
ุงู„ู€ groupุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Glutamylุงู„ู€ GGT ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ
446
00:38:16,820 --> 00:38:20,880
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver is a high
447
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,600
concentration in liver tissue ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ
448
00:38:24,600 --> 00:38:28,760
ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
449
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:33,260
ุงู„ู€ pancreas ูˆุถูŠููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
450
00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:39,880
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆู†ุช ุงู„ bilary tract ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
451
00:38:39,880 --> 00:38:46,680
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู„ู€
452
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:50,520
Diagnostic Significance ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGT
453
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,880
Increased plasma GGT is associated with
454
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:59,980
hepatopilary disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ GGT ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน
455
00:38:59,980 --> 00:39:06,260
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ damage ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆุงู„ู€ Stones ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ
456
00:39:06,260 --> 00:39:10,100
ุงู„ู€ Biliary Tract ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
457
00:39:10,100 --> 00:39:14,300
ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
458
00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:20,020
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ash ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ GGT ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ
459
00:39:20,020 --> 00:39:26,160
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸHighest seen in the bilary obstruction ููŠ
460
00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:31,460
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
461
00:39:31,460 --> 00:39:35,680
Estones ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
462
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:39,380
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Alcohol cirrhosis ุชู„ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
463
00:39:39,380 --> 00:39:44,020
ุณุจุจู‡ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ GGT ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
464
00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:50,500
ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGT used with ALB ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
465
00:39:50,500 --> 00:39:54,760
ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ to differentiate between liver and
466
00:39:54,760 --> 00:39:59,420
bone disease ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆู„ุง
467
00:39:59,420 --> 00:40:02,580
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุนุดุงู†
468
00:40:02,580 --> 00:40:07,660
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
469
00:40:07,660 --> 00:40:13,390
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ GGT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ุจุณ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
470
00:40:13,390 --> 00:40:17,570
ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฅูŠุฌุงู†ูŠ
471
00:40:17,570 --> 00:40:22,530
ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ ALB ูˆ GGT ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุทู„ุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
472
00:40:22,530 --> 00:40:28,250
ุนู„ูŠูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุช ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
473
00:40:28,250 --> 00:40:31,430
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณูุฑูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
474
00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:36,190
ุนู„ูŠูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุฌุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
475
00:40:36,190 --> 00:40:41,940
ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ ALB ูˆ ุงู„ GGTุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALB ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€
476
00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:48,820
GGT normal ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ
477
00:40:48,820 --> 00:40:53,040
ุงู„ุจุงู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ GGT ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุทู„ุนุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
478
00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:57,960
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูุฑูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
479
00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:03,060
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงุฑุชูุน ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฏุง indication
480
00:41:03,060 --> 00:41:07,230
ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงู†ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
481
00:41:07,230 --> 00:41:12,550
ู…ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู‡ุงุด ุงู„ู€ GGT ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ูุญุตูŠู†
482
00:41:12,550 --> 00:41:16,690
ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนุงู„ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
483
00:41:16,690 --> 00:41:20,890
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ูุญุตูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
484
00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:26,630
ูˆุงู„ู€ ALB ูƒุงู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู€ GGT ูƒุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
485
00:41:26,630 --> 00:41:30,490
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
486
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:35,900
ุงู„ู€ ยซSay for enzyme activityยป ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
487
00:41:35,900 --> 00:41:39,940
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ูƒุชุงุชู†ุง
488
00:41:39,940 --> 00:41:46,440
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGT ุจุฑุถู‡ colorimetric reaction ุฒูŠ ูˆ
489
00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:50,100
ุฒูŠ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALB ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
490
00:41:50,100 --> 00:41:54,980
ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ูŠุง ALP ูŠุง GGTุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
491
00:41:54,980 --> 00:41:59,280
ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง
492
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,400
ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุฃู† ู†ุดูˆู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ
493
00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:06,200
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ู„ุฌุช ุงู„ู€ Serum ุชุจุน ุงู„
494
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:09,940
patient ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ GGTุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ
495
00:42:09,940 --> 00:42:14,280
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุญุต ุงู„ activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ู€
496
00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:19,440
reaction ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ substrate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
497
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:25,200
enzyme ุงู„ู€ substrate ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ L-Gamma-Glutamyl-B
498
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:32,640
-Nitro-Analyte ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู„ู€Glycyl-Glycineู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
499
00:42:32,640 --> 00:42:37,140
substrate ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reagent ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
500
00:42:37,140 --> 00:42:41,680
enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
501
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:48,280
ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ B-Nitroaniline ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Gamma
502
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:55,350
Glutamyl Glycylglycineุฅุฐุง ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงุนุทุงุก ู…ุงุฏุฉ
503
00:42:55,350 --> 00:43:01,470
ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ B-Nitroaniline ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง
504
00:43:01,470 --> 00:43:06,790
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชุฑุถูŠ ู…ุน ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€
505
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:12,030
enzyme ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ B-Nitroaniline ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง
506
00:43:12,030 --> 00:43:18,020
ุนู„ู‰ wavelength 405 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑุงู„ู€ Reference Range ุนู†ุฏ
507
00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:23,120
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† 6 ู„ู€ 45 International Unit Per Liter ุนู†ุฏ
508
00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:28,260
ุงู„ูู…ุงู„ ู…ู† 5 ู„ 30 International Unit Per Liter ุฅุฐุง
509
00:43:28,260 --> 00:43:31,540
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู†
510
00:43:31,540 --> 00:43:35,640
ูˆุงู„ู€reagent ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€substrateู„ู…ุง ุจุญุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
511
00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:39,620
enzyme ู‡ูŠูƒุณู‘ุฑ ุงู„ substrate ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
512
00:43:39,620 --> 00:43:43,940
ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ wavelength ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
513
00:43:43,940 --> 00:43:48,160
ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู‡ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชุฑุฏูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ activity ุชุจุนุช
514
00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:54,240
ุงู„ enzyme ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter liver function
515
00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:55,940
test ูˆูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ