1
00:00:13,500 --> 00:00:15,860
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm

2
00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:23,380
going to explain causative verbs causative

3
00:00:23,380 --> 00:00:24,300
verbs in English

4
00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:33,080
So we are going to see causative verbs in English

5
00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:40,840
and Arabic. Okay? Causativity is available in both

6
00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:45,660
languages. But what does it mean causative verb?

7
00:00:52,540 --> 00:00:58,280
We have a common structure for the causative verb

8
00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:05,330
in English. It shows somebody or something is

9
00:01:05,330 --> 00:01:07,810
indirectly responsible for an action.

10
00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:19,190
So it shows that somebody or something is

11
00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:23,470
indirectly responsible for an action is the causer

12
00:01:23,470 --> 00:01:24,790
of an action.

13
00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:36,220
So here the subject may not be responsible for the

14
00:01:36,220 --> 00:01:40,340
performance of the action itself, but causes

15
00:01:40,340 --> 00:01:43,200
someone or something else to do it.

16
00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:55,520
So we have the causative there, it refers to

17
00:01:58,310 --> 00:02:02,590
the action which is done indirectly by someone or

18
00:02:02,590 --> 00:02:09,910
something. Okay? This does not necessarily mean

19
00:02:09,910 --> 00:02:16,950
that the subject is the doer of the action. It may

20
00:02:16,950 --> 00:02:22,340
be the indirect doer of the action. Okay? We have

21
00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:25,660
active causative verbs and passive causative verbs

22
00:02:25,660 --> 00:02:30,880
like any other verbs in English or even in Arabic.

23
00:02:35,820 --> 00:02:41,040
So simply this structure is used when someone

24
00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:45,520
causes something to happen or when a person causes

25
00:02:45,520 --> 00:02:50,110
another one to take an action. For example,

26
00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:57,050
railway station security had everyone show their

27
00:02:57,050 --> 00:03:03,050
tickets. Railway station security had everyone

28
00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:08,630
show their tickets. The ticket collector is the

29
00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:11,690
person who directs, who is directly responsible

30
00:03:11,690 --> 00:03:14,990
for the action. But what about the railway station

31
00:03:14,990 --> 00:03:19,770
security? This is indirect. Once I say, for

32
00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:23,930
example, the government had

33
00:03:23,930 --> 00:03:29,390
the project done. If the government, the direct

34
00:03:29,390 --> 00:03:35,670
object, you have the tenderer and the workers who

35
00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:40,690
are responsible directly for the action. Okay? So

36
00:03:40,690 --> 00:03:44,310
once we speak about indirect doer of the action, I

37
00:03:44,310 --> 00:03:48,710
mean someone causes another one to do the action.

38
00:03:56,410 --> 00:04:01,030
Okay? Railway station security had everyone show

39
00:04:01,030 --> 00:04:10,610
their tickets. Okay? Now, we have had as a

40
00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:17,270
causative verb have this structurally takes bare

41
00:04:17,270 --> 00:04:20,510
infinitive you still remember the sensation verbs

42
00:04:20,510 --> 00:04:24,610
once we explained the infinitive and gerund we

43
00:04:24,610 --> 00:04:28,750
mentioned that the sensation verbs do not have

44
00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,370
they only take bare infinitive except help or let

45
00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:38,050
and make they take both bare infinitive and two

46
00:04:38,050 --> 00:04:42,570
infinitive you still recall that now for the

47
00:04:42,570 --> 00:04:47,110
causative verbs some of them take only bare

48
00:04:47,110 --> 00:04:51,710
infinitive and some others take two infinitive

49
00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:58,850
okay complete infinitive the

50
00:04:58,850 --> 00:05:02,410
tutor made his students do an oral interpretation

51
00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:08,840
The tutor made his students do an oral

52
00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:12,200
interpretation. Is the tutor the doer of the

53
00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,980
action? He is indirect doer of the action. The

54
00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:20,700
students are the direct doers of the actions.

55
00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:27,100
Okay? So do is a causative verb. Okay? Sorry make,

56
00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:31,100
make is accusative verb. So it has bare infinitive

57
00:05:31,100 --> 00:05:35,580
do the tutor made his students do an oral

58
00:05:35,580 --> 00:05:41,540
interpretation I had Bill fix the van the van I

59
00:05:41,540 --> 00:05:48,120
had Bill fix the van the van so you have had as

60
00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:56,200
accusative verb it has fix as bare infinitive we

61
00:05:56,200 --> 00:06:01,060
don't have here two verbs we have only one verb

62
00:06:01,060 --> 00:06:04,500
one causative verb had the second is bare

63
00:06:04,500 --> 00:06:09,360
infinitive okay I had the van fixed this is

64
00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:15,760
passive I had Bill fix the van this is active you

65
00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:19,000
have the subject once you cross out the subject

66
00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:25,110
then and made the required changes for Passive

67
00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:28,670
requirements. You have a sentence like I had the

68
00:06:28,670 --> 00:06:35,530
van fixed. Van is an object. Okay, here it becomes

69
00:06:35,530 --> 00:06:42,690
derived subject plus the past participle of the

70
00:06:42,690 --> 00:06:45,830
verb fix. I had the van fixed.

71
00:06:52,850 --> 00:06:56,610
So we have active causative verbs and passive

72
00:06:56,610 --> 00:07:01,950
causative verbs the active causative verbs have

73
00:07:01,950 --> 00:07:08,450
specific structure subject you have overt subject

74
00:07:08,450 --> 00:07:13,110
causative verb agent يعني the doer of the action

75
00:07:13,110 --> 00:07:17,530
the real doer of the action then bare infinitive

76
00:07:17,530 --> 00:07:22,320
or too infinitive you complete the sentence with

77
00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:29,380
object complement the judge had the lawyer defend

78
00:07:29,380 --> 00:07:36,160
the suspect the judge this is subject had this

79
00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:41,420
causative verb the lawyer the lawyer this is the

80
00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:46,980
lawyer this is the agent okay the real doer of the

81
00:07:46,980 --> 00:07:53,380
action then the suspect Okay. Which is the object.

82
00:07:54,000 --> 00:08:00,200
Okay. We have the bare infinitive preceding the

83
00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:04,740
subject that is defend. So we have the subject,

84
00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:10,840
the causative verb, the agent, the bare

85
00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:17,980
infinitive, and the object. Okay. Or object

86
00:08:17,980 --> 00:08:25,770
complement. So the judge had the lawyer defend the

87
00:08:25,770 --> 00:08:31,610
suspect. The judge had the advocate defend the

88
00:08:31,610 --> 00:08:32,990
subject. The same thing.

89
00:08:36,030 --> 00:08:39,490
The English department of the university made all

90
00:08:39,490 --> 00:08:44,150
staff members attend the stylistics seminar.

91
00:08:46,770 --> 00:08:49,270
The English department of the university, this is

92
00:08:49,270 --> 00:08:54,640
direct, Subject, this is, it is subject, indirect,

93
00:08:54,960 --> 00:09:00,240
okay, made this causative verb. All staff members,

94
00:09:00,680 --> 00:09:06,780
this is the agent, attend their infinitive, the

95
00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:09,040
stylistic seminar object.

96
00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:13,500
Okay.

97
00:09:17,870 --> 00:09:22,130
So we have the agent, as you see, maybe a person

98
00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:29,710
or something, okay, to whom is caused to take an

99
00:09:29,710 --> 00:09:34,530
action. The agent is caused to do the action. The

100
00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:37,030
agent is caused to do the action.

101
00:09:40,270 --> 00:09:46,170
We have lots of causative verbs in English, okay?

102
00:09:48,180 --> 00:09:58,260
like require sorry we have convince we have have

103
00:09:58,260 --> 00:10:08,440
let and make okay these require only bare

104
00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:14,600
infinitive have let and make three causative verbs

105
00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:23,720
three causative verbs have only bare infinitive we

106
00:10:23,720 --> 00:10:27,880
have have let and make these are three causative

107
00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:34,920
verbs okay they directly take bare infinitive okay

108
00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:43,480
we have other verbs they take two infinitives such

109
00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:49,270
as convince allow, encourage, permit, employ,

110
00:10:49,650 --> 00:10:55,230
help, get, require, motivate, hire, assist,

111
00:10:55,750 --> 00:11:01,610
permit, command, force, order, remind, urge,

112
00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:06,970
enforce. These are causative verbs, but they have

113
00:11:06,970 --> 00:11:10,430
two infinitives. However, we have three causative

114
00:11:10,430 --> 00:11:14,790
verbs like have, let, and make. They only take

115
00:11:15,560 --> 00:11:18,960
Their infinitive. The lawyer convinced the judge

116
00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:24,520
to reduce the fine. Convinced. So we have to

117
00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:28,000
reduce. The teacher encouraged the students to

118
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:32,300
apply for the scholarships. to apply because we

119
00:11:32,300 --> 00:11:35,920
have encouraged. The boss required new employees

120
00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:40,860
to attend training sessions twice a week to attend

121
00:11:40,860 --> 00:11:45,500
because we have required. The magazine encouraged

122
00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:49,340
all readers to submit suggestions for future

123
00:11:49,340 --> 00:11:54,460
issues. Okay, so we have encouraged and we have to

124
00:11:54,460 --> 00:12:01,080
submit. Okay, it's very simple rule. All causative

125
00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:10,660
verbs accept to infinitive except we have, let and

126
00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:11,200
make.

127
00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,420
No, no, no. They accept, have, let and make,

128
00:12:18,980 --> 00:12:22,540
except here as causative verb, as causative once

129
00:12:22,540 --> 00:12:26,660
they hold the meaning of causativity, then they

130
00:12:26,660 --> 00:12:31,990
have only bare infinitive. We are going to explain

131
00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:34,790
anyway. The active causative.

132
00:12:41,550 --> 00:12:46,350
Once we say the magazine should encourage all

133
00:12:46,350 --> 00:12:50,610
readers to submit suggestions for future issues.

134
00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:54,110
What do you call this sentence? Active or passive?

135
00:12:57,280 --> 00:12:59,960
The magazine should encourage all readers to

136
00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:04,680
submit suggestions for future issues. This is

137
00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:06,440
active. Okay?

138
00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:14,200
So you have the subject, the magazine. Should,

139
00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:19,080
this is modal auxiliary verb. Encourage, this is

140
00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:26,110
causative verb. Okay? All readers. Agent. To

141
00:13:26,110 --> 00:13:33,510
submit, we have the infinitive to infinitive,

142
00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:40,630
okay? To submit suggestions for future issues, we

143
00:13:40,630 --> 00:13:44,990
have object and object complement, okay?

144
00:13:48,370 --> 00:13:53,410
Teachers should ask students to make responses for

145
00:13:53,410 --> 00:13:59,320
every class they attend. teachers, the subject

146
00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:05,540
should model auxiliary, ask causative verb,

147
00:14:05,680 --> 00:14:11,940
students agent to make responses for every class

148
00:14:11,940 --> 00:14:16,300
they attend responses this is object for every

149
00:14:16,300 --> 00:14:19,160
class they attend this is object complement.

150
00:14:22,780 --> 00:14:26,880
So the most common causative verbs of all the

151
00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:32,160
verbs we mentioned just a minute ago are get,

152
00:14:32,460 --> 00:14:39,480
have, let, help. So you have get, have, let, help.

153
00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:45,040
These have their own rules. They have their own

154
00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:49,420
rules in English. So we have get,

155
00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:52,540
okay?

156
00:14:55,230 --> 00:15:01,270
Will get my car maintained before this winter. I 

157
00:15:01,270 --> 00:15:03,830
Will get my car maintained before this winter is

158
00:15:03,830 --> 00:15:08,090
this active or passive? Passive passive

159
00:15:08,090 --> 00:15:12,150
construction So it consists of the verb get the

160
00:15:12,150 --> 00:15:16,510
causative verb get Then we have person or thing

161
00:15:16,510 --> 00:15:23,870
then you have two plus the verb, I will get my car

162
00:15:23,870 --> 00:15:28,050
mentioned, maintained before this winter. Okay.

163
00:15:31,690 --> 00:15:37,210
Here we have the construction means to convince

164
00:15:37,210 --> 00:15:42,370
someone to do something or to trick someone into

165
00:15:42,370 --> 00:15:46,950
doing something. Semantically, get here means

166
00:15:46,950 --> 00:15:51,370
convince okay I will get my car maintained by this

167
00:15:51,370 --> 00:15:54,990
winter okay this means that I will convince

168
00:15:54,990 --> 00:16:00,410
someone to have maintenance to my car before

169
00:16:00,410 --> 00:16:06,250
winter okay how can teachers get their students to

170
00:16:06,250 --> 00:16:11,790
read more now once you have active then you have

171
00:16:11,790 --> 00:16:16,070
the to infinitive once you have passive You have

172
00:16:16,070 --> 00:16:18,990
bare infinitive. I will get my car maintained

173
00:16:18,990 --> 00:16:25,990
before this winter. So maintained is passive. I

174
00:16:25,990 --> 00:16:29,790
will get my car maintained before this winter.

175
00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:34,350
Okay? How can teachers get their students to read

176
00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:38,410
more? This is active sentence. We have the agent.

177
00:16:39,190 --> 00:16:43,970
Al-Aqsa TV commercials are trying to get people to

178
00:16:43,970 --> 00:16:55,200
stop smoking. Active. Okay. Now, we have have. The

179
00:16:55,200 --> 00:17:01,660
causative verb have takes bare infinitive. The

180
00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:06,380
doctor had his nurse take the patient's

181
00:17:06,380 --> 00:17:09,160
temperature. Is it available to say the doctor had

182
00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:13,300
his nurse to take the patient's temperature? It's

183
00:17:13,300 --> 00:17:18,450
not accepted. okay so the verb have takes bare

184
00:17:18,450 --> 00:17:23,450
infinitive please have your secretary forward me

185
00:17:23,450 --> 00:17:29,090
the email so you have the bare infinitive forward

186
00:17:29,090 --> 00:17:34,970
I had the technician check the photography machine

187
00:17:34,970 --> 00:17:43,310
had so we have check this is bare infinitive okay

188
00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:55,900
for get I mean the causative verb get this is in

189
00:17:55,900 --> 00:18:00,800
case of active it takes two infinitives complete

190
00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:05,620
infinitive he got the mechanic to check his brakes

191
00:18:05,620 --> 00:18:09,500
at first the mechanic didn't think it was

192
00:18:09,500 --> 00:18:13,320
necessary but he convinced him to check the brakes

193
00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:17,880
get here means convince okay

194
00:18:20,380 --> 00:18:23,760
so this is active construction so you have to

195
00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:28,100
check complete infinitive I had the mechanic check

196
00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:33,760
my brakes I had the mechanic check my brakes I

197
00:18:33,760 --> 00:18:37,160
asked the mechanic to check the brakes had here

198
00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:43,380
means ask so it had only bare infinitive as I

199
00:18:43,380 --> 00:18:46,880
mentioned previously have takes bare infinitive

200
00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:53,980
only now make the causative verb make as i

201
00:18:53,980 --> 00:18:59,000
mentioned it takes only bare infinitive

223
00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:52,480
repaired after the Furqan War in Gaza last year.

224
00:20:54,740 --> 00:21:00,220
Ahmed had his house repaired, repaired by someone.

225
00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:05,020
So the agent is absent here because this is

226
00:21:05,020 --> 00:21:09,860
passive construction. Ahmed had his house repaired

227
00:21:09,860 --> 00:21:15,680
after the Furqan War in Gaza last year. So we have

228
00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:21,320
had as a causative verb, we have repaired as

229
00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:24,820
passive construction. This is the past participle.

230
00:21:26,780 --> 00:21:30,100
Okay? The action, the real doer of the action is

231
00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:33,740
absent for the requirements of passive

232
00:21:33,740 --> 00:21:37,880
construction. President Obama had his speech

233
00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,160
written by a very talented group of writers.

234
00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:46,950
President Obama had, this is causative verb, had

235
00:21:46,950 --> 00:21:51,990
his speech written. The subject is absent by a

236
00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:55,530
very talented group, written. So we have, in case

237
00:21:55,530 --> 00:21:58,470
of having passive, we change the bare infinitive

238
00:21:58,470 --> 00:22:02,930
into past participle. In both cases, the person

239
00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:06,710
Ahmed and President Obama arranged for something

240
00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:10,830
repairing a house or writing a speech to be done

241
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:12,110
by a third person.

242
00:22:16,550 --> 00:22:19,350
For the passive sentence structure, you know, it

243
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:24,390
consists of the subject, causative verb, object,

244
00:22:24,670 --> 00:22:28,130
not agent. The agent is available for making me

245
00:22:28,130 --> 00:22:33,670
active. Okay? Then the past participle, not bare

246
00:22:33,670 --> 00:22:39,510
infinitive. I had the van turned up. Okay?

247
00:22:44,020 --> 00:22:47,420
He had his home air conditioned system

248
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:54,720
He had his home air conditioning system installed a

249
00:22:54,720 --> 00:23:00,960
week ago. So we have installed past participle for

250
00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:04,640
the causative verb had or have mainly because this

251
00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:08,500
construction is active or passive? Passive. But in

252
00:23:08,500 --> 00:23:10,900
case of active, we have bare infinitive.

253
00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:18,130
Installed. Okay. I got my car washed and waxed at

254
00:23:18,130 --> 00:23:24,290
the new service station. Good. This is causative

255
00:23:24,290 --> 00:23:27,510
there. So we have the past participle washed

256
00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:32,990
because this is passive. Okay. So in passivization

257
00:23:32,990 --> 00:23:37,570
structure, we have the past participle and the

258
00:23:37,570 --> 00:23:42,640
subject is absent. However, in active, we have the

259
00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:48,400
agent or the real subject present plus the verb,

260
00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:51,540
per infinitive or to infinitive. It depends on the

261
00:23:51,540 --> 00:23:55,840
type of the causative verb. I got my car washed

262
00:23:55,840 --> 00:24:00,440
and waxed at the new service station. Although she

263
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:05,260
hates the dentist, she has had her teeth cleaned

264
00:24:05,260 --> 00:24:06,160
regularly.

265
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:13,680
has had so have here is a causative verb but it is

266
00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:17,820
passive because the agent is deleted and now we

267
00:24:17,820 --> 00:24:23,220
have the past participle cleaned you good that

268
00:24:23,220 --> 00:24:32,440
okay in

269
00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:37,300
case of need and want okay

270
00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:44,760
The verb need or want may appear in passive

271
00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:46,180
causative sentences.

272
00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:55,940
In cases

273
00:24:55,940 --> 00:25:02,740
where the causative verb have or get are deleted

274
00:25:02,740 --> 00:25:05,580
from the sentence. So they can be replaced by

275
00:25:05,580 --> 00:25:12,410
need, want I need to have the van turned up sorry

276
00:25:12,410 --> 00:25:19,230
tuned up I need the van tuned up I need okay I

277
00:25:19,230 --> 00:25:27,130
need to have or I need the van directly okay the

278
00:25:27,130 --> 00:25:29,610
modal auxiliary may be used with a causative verb

279
00:25:29,610 --> 00:25:34,370
as well okay to express suggestion by the speaker

280
00:25:34,370 --> 00:25:37,870
himself you should have your hair your hair cut

281
00:25:37,870 --> 00:25:44,130
you should have your hair cut okay I have my hair

282
00:25:44,130 --> 00:25:49,470
cut okay the subject is absent the subject is the

283
00:25:49,470 --> 00:25:56,650
stylist who cut my hair okay I had my hair cut

284
00:25:56,650 --> 00:26:01,470
this is passive since we have had then we have the

285
00:26:01,470 --> 00:26:05,130
past participle in passive. In case of active, we

286
00:26:05,130 --> 00:26:11,590
have had plus bare infinitive. Okay? So don't mix

287
00:26:11,590 --> 00:26:16,770
between the function of had or have in active and

288
00:26:16,770 --> 00:26:20,730
its function in passive. In case of active, you

289
00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:23,750
have to use bare infinitive. In case of passive,

290
00:26:24,810 --> 00:26:35,530
then past participle. Okay? So we have the

291
00:26:35,530 --> 00:26:39,170
modal auxiliary as we mentioned, can be used with

292
00:26:39,170 --> 00:26:43,310
causative sentence to express suggestions by the

293
00:26:43,310 --> 00:26:43,690
speaker.

294
00:26:50,010 --> 00:26:53,330
so the construction is subject modal auxiliary

295
00:26:53,330 --> 00:26:57,950
verb causative verb object or past participle you

296
00:26:57,950 --> 00:27:03,910
should have his pants ironed okay this means that

297
00:27:03,910 --> 00:27:08,510
the person who is going to iron the pants, the

298
00:27:08,510 --> 00:27:13,770
pants is absent. Someone, he should have his pants

299
00:27:13,770 --> 00:27:17,450
ironed. So we have have plus the past participle,

300
00:27:17,670 --> 00:27:23,410
this is passive, and we can normally use or we can

301
00:27:23,410 --> 00:27:28,710
easily use the modal auxiliary should or would in

302
00:27:28,710 --> 00:27:30,430
this sentence, okay?

303
00:27:34,050 --> 00:27:41,150
Now, we have causativity in Arabic, okay? So, to

304
00:27:41,150 --> 00:27:45,070
sum up this story, the story of causativity, we

305
00:27:45,070 --> 00:27:48,860
have lots of causative verbs they all together

306
00:27:48,860 --> 00:27:53,660
take two infinitives in case of active past

307
00:27:53,660 --> 00:27:57,900
participle in case of passive the agent must be

308
00:27:57,900 --> 00:28:02,880
present in case of active the agent is absent in

309
00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:07,480
case of passive still we have some irregular

310
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:10,600
causative verbs which only take bare infinitive

311
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:19,000
they are let have and make okay Now, do you have

312
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:22,240
this construction available in Arabic? Yes, we

313
00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:24,000
have. Okay?

314
00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:35,140
We have the causativity in Arabic caused by what

315
00:28:35,140 --> 00:28:40,300
was called a blout or gemination. يعني التشديد

316
00:28:40,300 --> 00:28:43,380
الشدّة يعني doubling. Okay?

317
00:28:46,340 --> 00:28:46,960
The verb

318
00:28:51,530 --> 00:29:01,390
We have here the verb هدمة it changed to هدمة. We

319
00:29:01,390 --> 00:29:06,790
have the short vowel فتحة instead of كسرة هدمة

320
00:29:06,790 --> 00:29:12,580
becomes هدمة Hadama here is a causative verb,

321
00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:18,940
okay? Available or done by having what is called a

322
00:29:18,940 --> 00:29:24,640
plout. The plout construction is the use of the

323
00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:30,620
case, the causative case instead of genitive case.

324
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:39,980
When I say hadima, this is Genitive case then we

325
00:29:39,980 --> 00:29:50,400
have the accusative case in having hadama Okay So

326
00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:54,640
we have The

327
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,940
stem hadima itself cannot configure it a

328
00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:00,780
meaningful sentence Okay

329
00:30:02,890 --> 00:30:07,150
but in case of being changed to هدمة by having

330
00:30:07,150 --> 00:30:10,250
accusative case instead of genitive then we have a

331
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:16,330
meaning okay so

332
00:30:16,330 --> 00:30:21,190
the second sound has

333
00:30:21,190 --> 00:30:28,130
the accusative case هدمة when I say هدمة I can't

334
00:30:28,130 --> 00:30:33,240
say هدمة العدو المنزلة But I say هدم العدو المنزلة

335
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:45,260
Okay هدم العدو المنزلة هدم is a causative verb We

336
00:30:45,260 --> 00:30:53,080
have حَزِنَة Be sad حَزَنَة This is make sad

337
00:30:53,080 --> 00:31:05,000
خَرِبَ Be destroyed خَرَبَ this is destroy hazina,

338
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:11,200
be ridiculed hazia, sorry hazia, be ridiculed

339
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:18,520
hazia, ridiculed najiza,

340
00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:28,620
be implemented najiza, implement okay khafia

341
00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:38,980
Be hidden خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

342
00:31:38,980 --> 00:31:40,920
خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

343
00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:41,140
خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

344
00:31:41,140 --> 00:31:41,220
خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

345
00:31:41,220 --> 00:31:44,640
خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

346
00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:52,340
خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة

347
00:31:52,340 --> 00:32:00,100
خَفَة خَفَة

348
00:32:00,100 --> 00:32:07,830
خَ Okay So the second verbs are the causative

349
00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:16,930
verbs when I say for example These

350
00:32:16,930 --> 00:32:21,250
are causative verbs causing caused by what is

351
00:32:21,250 --> 00:32:24,950
called a blout construction the blout construction

352
00:32:24,950 --> 00:32:30,630
means the change of the short vowel from kasra

353
00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:37,250
genitive to fatha in the second letter okay on the

354
00:32:37,250 --> 00:32:42,610
second consonant sound no no gemination is another

355
00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:47,270
thing this

356
00:32:47,270 --> 00:32:51,850
is called doubling or what is called gemination so

357
00:32:51,850 --> 00:32:54,490
another way for causing causatives in Arabic

358
00:32:58,290 --> 00:33:04,570
we can say hazana okay you we have two ways for

359
00:33:04,570 --> 00:33:07,570
making causatives in arabic either by using a play

360
00:33:07,570 --> 00:33:11,150
out for some verbs or by using gemination

361
00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:15,530
gemination cannot be available for all verbs and

362
00:33:15,530 --> 00:33:18,410
also a play out construction cannot be applicable

363
00:33:18,410 --> 00:33:22,270
for all verbs in arabic okay and we have two

364
00:33:22,270 --> 00:33:26,990
categories of causative verbs in arabic some of

365
00:33:26,990 --> 00:33:31,600
them are available with allowed construction and

366
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,880
some others only accept gemination to be

367
00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,460
constructed or to give the meaning of causativity

368
00:33:38,460 --> 00:33:48,500
in Arabic okay so gemination حَزِنَ حَزَّنَ okay

369
00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:56,680
طيب

370
00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:04,160
حَزَّنَ فُقْدَانُ الْإِبْنِ أُمَّهُ Hazzana

371
00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:08,000
Fuqdanu Al-Ibni Ummahu هَدِّمَ

372
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,100
هَدَّمَ

373
00:34:11,100 --> 00:34:14,760
Haddama Haddama العدو المنزلَ العدو المنزلَ The

374
00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:19,520
enemy destroyed the house هدّمَ هدّمَ is causative

375
00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:19,940
there

376
00:34:26,850 --> 00:34:36,690
خرِبَ خَرَّبَ نَجِزَ نَجَّزَ سَمِنَ

377
00:34:36,690 --> 00:34:43,290
سَمَّنَ نَشِطَ

378
00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:50,290
نَشَّطَ ضحكَ

379
00:34:50,290 --> 00:34:56,090
ضحكَ نَمَ نَوَّمَ

380
00:34:58,070 --> 00:35:12,730
عطسة عطسة عطسة okay بكى بكى okay فهمه فهمه okay

381
00:35:12,730 --> 00:35:23,730
درسه درسه okay as I said فهمه فهمه make understand

382
00:35:23,730 --> 00:35:33,990
علمه علمه Shariba, sharaba. Hamala, hammala. Okay,

383
00:35:34,490 --> 00:35:40,430
so we have these are considered as causative verbs

384
00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:46,010
in Arabic, but you have them taking the same

385
00:35:46,010 --> 00:35:49,530
constructions as English. Is there any sort of

386
00:35:49,530 --> 00:35:53,050
similarity between English causativity and Arabic

387
00:35:53,050 --> 00:35:58,250
causativity here? They are highly divergent. Both

388
00:35:58,250 --> 00:36:01,490
languages are different in this construction. We

389
00:36:01,490 --> 00:36:04,910
don't have gymnasium in English. We don't have a

390
00:36:04,910 --> 00:36:09,250
blout construction in English. Okay? In Arabic, we

391
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:12,930
don't have also bare infinitive or two

392
00:36:12,930 --> 00:36:16,390
infinitives. Okay? So both languages are

393
00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:19,510
different. This means that any mistake committed

394
00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:23,550
in this regard is interlingual or interlingual.

395
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,840
Intralingual. It is not caused by Arabic. It is

396
00:36:28,840 --> 00:36:33,120
caused by the difficulty of English. Is that

397
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:38,160
clear? Very good. Okay, that's it for today. Now

398
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:40,940
we are going to shift to discussion or

399
00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:43,840
presentations about the previous subject. Okay.