diff --git "a/IKITRACS_QA_data_v0.json" "b/IKITRACS_QA_data_v0.json" --- "a/IKITRACS_QA_data_v0.json" +++ "b/IKITRACS_QA_data_v0.json" @@ -1,4 +1,1348 @@ [ + { + "Alpha3": "AND", + "country": "Andorra", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", + "context": "Annex 2 schematically displays the relationship between the Strategy and this national and international regulatory framework. Descarbonisation programme Adaptation to climate change and greater resilience Programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools to achieve carbon neutrality Programme of social transition Programme of Innovation, research and systematic observation Mobility: Reduction of 50% internal emissions from mobility 20% electric vehicles (turisms) Descarbonisation Buildings: Cosnumption reductions of 40% Descarbonisation Electricity: consumption from national productioni electricity zero emissions consumption from national productionThe National Energy Strategy for the Fight against Climate Change 3 The Strategy\u2019s action programmes and activities The five (5) programmes and the seventeen (17) activities planned are as follows: Programme I. Decarbonisation to achieve carbon neutrality: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.", + "answer_start": 122 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AND", + "country": "Andorra", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/AND_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", + "context": "Descarbonisation programme Adaptation to climate change and greater resilience Programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools to achieve carbon neutrality Programme of social transition Programme of Innovation, research and systematic observation Mobility: Reduction of 50% internal emissions from mobility 20% electric vehicles (turisms) Descarbonisation Buildings: Cosnumption reductions of 40% Descarbonisation Electricity: consumption from national productioni electricity zero emissions consumption from national productionThe National Energy Strategy for the Fight against Climate Change 3 The Strategy\u2019s action programmes and activities The five (5) programmes and the seventeen (17) activities planned are as follows: Programme I. Decarbonisation to achieve carbon neutrality: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050. The concept of carbon neutrality has increased the awareness of a wide range of actors in light of the challenge of combating climate change, thus facilitating the empowerment of all the agents in this stage of the transition, a process essential for adapting to and dealing with this climate phenomenon.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Strategy seeks carbon neutrality by 2050.", + "answer_start": 106 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "ATG", + "country": "Antigua and Barbuda", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2040.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", + "context": "Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC).Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution areas of loss and damage response, gender responsive approaches in access to finance, and the just transition of the workforce. 2. Summary of the NDC The NDC targets included in this submission are based on the 1.5\u00b0C mitigation goal and adaptation goals that assume a 3.4\u00b0C increase in global temperatures (based on projections from the assessments of the INDCs). The targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040. These targets are intended to be met by using relevant technologies, policies such as land use planning and updated building codes, with financial instruments such as catastrophic insurance instruments for extreme weather events.", + "answer": { + "text": "the targets are aligned with the Government of Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s (GoAB) goal of net-zero by 2040", + "answer_start": 74 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AUS", + "country": "Australia", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Australia%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20Update%20October%202021%20WEB.pdf", + "context": "By this submission, Australia communicates its updated and enhanced first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. \u0097 Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia\u2019s national inventory. \u0097 In order to achieve net zero by 2050, Australia commits to seven low emissions technology stretch goals - ambitious but realistic goals to bring priority low emissions technologies to economic parity with existing mature technologies. \u0097 Australia reaffirms its ambitious economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse emissions to by 26 - 28% below 2005 levels by 2030, and will exceed it by up to 9 percentage points.", + "answer": { + "text": "Australia adopts a target of net zero emissions by 2050. This is an economy-wide target, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia\u2019s national inventory.", + "answer_start": 19 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AUT", + "country": "Austria", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf", + "context": "81 6.1.1 Energy and greenhouse gas scenarios 81 6.1.2 More detailed description of selected pathways 83 6.1.3 Wood value chain scenario . 89 6.2 Online consultation for a long-term climate strategy for a climate-neutral Austria in 6.3 Storylines for individual fields of action . 122 Tables . 125 Figures . 126 Abbreviations 127THE VISION \u2013 A climate-neutral Austria in 2050 A comprehensive long-term strategy needs a clear vision. The future will be what we make of it, not a given state. A long-term path requires an appealing and inspiring long-term vision. Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 \u2013 this is our vision.", + "answer": { + "text": "Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 \u2013 this is our vision", + "answer_start": 91 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AUT", + "country": "Austria", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf", + "context": "Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 \u2013 this is our vision. A strategy that includes a comprehensive transformation of both our energy supply and our consumption patterns and that includes an adapted but competitive economic system goes far beyond of merely reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It must contain all three pillars of sustainability \u2013economic, social, and environmental aspects \u2013 as this is the only way to achieve committing to far-reaching changes by the population. Resource saving, sustainable and innovative technologies and the circular economy are key elements to achieve the goal. The development of this vision, the design of the strategy, the definition, the implementation and review of concrete measures is a core task of politicians and public administration.", + "answer": { + "text": "Austria has set the goal of being climate-neutral by no later than 2050 \u2013 this is our vision", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "BLZ", + "country": "Belize", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf", + "context": "As a member of the High Ambition Coalition, Belize has committed to increasing emissions reduction ambition in this updated NDC, including through the use of nature-based solutions in the FOLU sector intended to increase removals, whilst underpinning the NDC development process with more robust and realistic data and projections in all sectors. Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050. The NDC for Belize is consistent with the overall goal of the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (GSDS) which encompasses medium-term economic development, poverty reduction, and longer-term sustainable development.", + "answer": { + "text": "Belize is committed to developing a long-term strategy aligned with achieving net zero global emissions by 2050", + "answer_start": 52 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "BTN", + "country": "Bhutan", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2030.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf", + "context": "With regards to mitigation action, Bhutan has been relatively successful in developing strategies and plans in key sectors but faces challenges in raising adequate support for implementation of the LEDS, NAMAs and other mitigation programs. 3. Summary of NDC (mitigation component) In presenting the second NDC, Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009 and reaffirmed in the first NDC. At the same time, Bhutan calls on the international community to continue and enhance the support for Bhutan\u2019s efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.", + "answer": { + "text": "Bhutan maintains the commitment to remain carbon-neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests and sinks as first pledged in 2009", + "answer_start": 46 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CPV", + "country": "Cabo Verde", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf", + "context": "The NDC firmly responds to the development objectives of Cabo Verde\u2019s Ambi\u00e7a\u0303o 2030 (Ambition Plan 2030). Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well as municipal levels; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way \u2013 covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism \u2013 enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; \u2022 The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap \u2018Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy\u2019 defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) \u2022 The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs.", + "answer": { + "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050", + "answer_start": 52 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CPV", + "country": "Cabo Verde", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf", + "context": "Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well as municipal levels; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way \u2013 covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism \u2013 enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; \u2022 The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap \u2018Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy\u2019 defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) \u2022 The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs. To ensure robust implementation in line with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) established under the Paris Agreement, Cabo Verde will enact dedicated legislation covering comprehensive monitoring, reporting and evaluation of GHG data, mitigation action as well as adaptation action, and defining a cross-institutional climate governance framework.", + "answer": { + "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050", + "answer_start": 36 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHL", + "country": "Chile", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": "Visi\u00f3n de largo plazo de Chile: Transici\u00f3n al desarrollo sustentable e inclusivo a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050 La ECLP ser\u00e1 el instrumento orientador de la pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica para ali- nearla con la visi\u00f3n y meta de largo plazo definida para Chile y propuesta en el Proyecto de Ley Marco de Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, que establece donde se debe llegar hacia mediados de siglo para ser coherentes con los esfuerzos mundiales de evitar el aumento de temperatura global tal como establece el Acuerdo de Paris. Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinaci\u00f3n y sinergia sin precedente en materia de pol\u00edtica am- biental en el pa\u00eds.", + "answer": { + "text": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050", + "answer_start": 83 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHL", + "country": "Chile", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinaci\u00f3n y sinergia sin precedente en materia de pol\u00edtica am- biental en el pa\u00eds. Esta estrategia, junto con la NDC, corresponden a los instrumentos de ges- ti\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico de mayor jerarqu\u00eda a nivel nacional, estableciendo objetivos, metas y lineamientos de mediano y largo plazo en materia de cambio clim\u00e1tico a nivel nacional, sectorial y subnacional.", + "answer": { + "text": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHN", + "country": "China", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2060.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf", + "context": "Moreover, China proposed 15 categories of policies and measures for enhanced actions on climate change. Since then, China has made significant progress in fulfilling its commitments in an active and pragmatic manner. China\u2019s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030.", + "answer": { + "text": "achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;", + "answer_start": 48 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHN", + "country": "China", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2060.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%E2%80%99s%20Achievements,%20New%20Goals%20and%20New%20Measures%20for%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contributions.pdf", + "context": "China\u2019s updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060; to lower CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by over 65% from the 2005 level, to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, to increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level, and to bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. (III) Challenges Faced by China in Attaining the New Goals China is confronted with enormous challenges and difficulties in its NDCs, which calls for great efforts.", + "answer": { + "text": "achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;", + "answer_start": 16 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "COL", + "country": "Colombia", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", + "context": "Meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de GEI Siguiendo los principios rectores de utilizar la mejor informaci\u00f3n disponible y procurar el no retroceso y la progresi\u00f3n de la ambici\u00f3n, Colombia establece su compromiso de mitigaci\u00f3n, en t\u00e9rminos de las emisiones absolutas m\u00e1ximas del pa\u00eds en el a\u00f1o 2030 (meta absoluta de emisiones para un solo a\u00f1o) como se describe a continuaci\u00f3n. Tabla 5. Resumen de la meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigaci\u00f3n Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como m\u00e1ximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducci\u00f3n del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyecci\u00f3n de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo.", + "answer": { + "text": "iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo", + "answer_start": 115 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "COL", + "country": "Colombia", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", + "context": "Resumen de la meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigaci\u00f3n Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como m\u00e1ximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducci\u00f3n del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyecci\u00f3n de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo. Establecer presupuestos de carbono para el periodo 2020-2030 a m\u00e1s tardar en 2023. Reducir las emisiones de carbono negro del 40% respecto al nivel de 2014.", + "answer": { + "text": "iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo", + "answer_start": 55 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "COL", + "country": "Colombia", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", + "context": "A partir de ahora, inicia el reto de implementar la E2050 articulando su visi\u00f3n, principios fundamental- es y apuestas a los instrumentos de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, que contribuyan a construir el camino para una nue- va Colombia carbono neutral y con amplias capaci- dades de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico. Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica socioecol\u00f3gica en Colombia al 2050 P\u00e1gina 145 \u25c6 6.2 Relaci\u00f3n entre apuestas de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 183 \u25c6 6.3 Medios de implementaci\u00f3n para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 196 \u00c1reas de acci\u00f3n para la transici\u00f3n a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambici\u00f3n e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: \u201cVientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad\u201d, historia para acercar al p\u00fablico infantil (ni\u00f1os de educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia P\u00e1gina 265 \u25c6 9.2 Relaci\u00f3n de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 245 \u25c6 7.2 Inclusi\u00f3n de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificaci\u00f3n, pol\u00edticas e instrumentos P\u00e1gina 247 \u25c6 7.3 Informaci\u00f3n, capacidades y tecnolog\u00eda para la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 249 \u25c6 7.4 Implementaci\u00f3n pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformaci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 250 \u25c6 7.5 Comunicaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de la transici\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 252 El camino a seguir para la implementaci\u00f3n y la actualizaci\u00f3n de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificaci\u00f3n nacional e inter- nacional para la acci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 53 \u25c6 3.2 El cambio clim\u00e1tico en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitaci\u00f3n a mediados del siglo XXI P\u00e1gina 56 \u25c6 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia P\u00e1gina 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, un pa\u00eds con alto riesgo por cambio clim\u00e1tico (periodo 2040- 2070) P\u00e1gina 75 \u25c6 3.5 Evaluaci\u00f3n de posibles efectos econ\u00f3micos de la transici\u00f3n hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecol\u00f3gica como fundamento para la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 101 \u25c6 4.2 Cons- trucci\u00f3n participativa de la Estrategia Clim\u00e1tica de Largo Plazo E2050 P\u00e1gina 108 \u25c6 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 111 Bases para la construcci\u00f3n de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visi\u00f3n de ColombiaMensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", + "answer": { + "text": "A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", + "answer_start": 406 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "COL", + "country": "Colombia", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", + "context": "Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica socioecol\u00f3gica en Colombia al 2050 P\u00e1gina 145 \u25c6 6.2 Relaci\u00f3n entre apuestas de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 183 \u25c6 6.3 Medios de implementaci\u00f3n para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 196 \u00c1reas de acci\u00f3n para la transici\u00f3n a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambici\u00f3n e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: \u201cVientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad\u201d, historia para acercar al p\u00fablico infantil (ni\u00f1os de educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia P\u00e1gina 265 \u25c6 9.2 Relaci\u00f3n de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 245 \u25c6 7.2 Inclusi\u00f3n de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificaci\u00f3n, pol\u00edticas e instrumentos P\u00e1gina 247 \u25c6 7.3 Informaci\u00f3n, capacidades y tecnolog\u00eda para la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 249 \u25c6 7.4 Implementaci\u00f3n pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformaci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 250 \u25c6 7.5 Comunicaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de la transici\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 252 El camino a seguir para la implementaci\u00f3n y la actualizaci\u00f3n de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificaci\u00f3n nacional e inter- nacional para la acci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 53 \u25c6 3.2 El cambio clim\u00e1tico en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitaci\u00f3n a mediados del siglo XXI P\u00e1gina 56 \u25c6 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia P\u00e1gina 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, un pa\u00eds con alto riesgo por cambio clim\u00e1tico (periodo 2040- 2070) P\u00e1gina 75 \u25c6 3.5 Evaluaci\u00f3n de posibles efectos econ\u00f3micos de la transici\u00f3n hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecol\u00f3gica como fundamento para la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 101 \u25c6 4.2 Cons- trucci\u00f3n participativa de la Estrategia Clim\u00e1tica de Largo Plazo E2050 P\u00e1gina 108 \u25c6 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 111 Bases para la construcci\u00f3n de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visi\u00f3n de ColombiaMensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores. Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la m\u00e1s reciente NDC de Colombia.", + "answer": { + "text": "A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", + "answer_start": 358 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CRI", + "country": "Costa Rica", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", + "context": "ser\u00e1 importante monitorear el cumplimiento de ambos elementos a lo largo del periodo de la NDC.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 a. C\u00f3mo la Parte considera que su NDC es justa y ambiciosa a la luz de sus circunstancias nacionales. Con la presente contribuci\u00f3n, Costa Rica aument\u00f3 su ambici\u00f3n con respecto a la primera contribuci\u00f3n presentada por Costa Rica ante la CMUCCC en el 2015. A continuaci\u00f3n se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", + "answer": { + "text": "Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", + "answer_start": 77 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CRI", + "country": "Costa Rica", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", + "context": "A continuaci\u00f3n se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C. - El pa\u00eds pas\u00f3 de tener una meta de emisiones absolutas netas m\u00e1xima al 2030 de 9.37 a 9.11 millones de toneladas de CO2e. De manera que Costa Rica se compromete a reducir 0,26 millones de toneladas de CO2e m\u00e1s para el a\u00f1o 2030. - Costa Rica incluy\u00f3 por primera vez una meta con un presupuesto m\u00e1ximo de emisiones netas para el peri\u00f3do 2021-2030.", + "answer": { + "text": "Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", + "answer_start": 11 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "DOM", + "country": "Dominican Republic", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", + "context": "El pa\u00eds mejora la contabilidad y se han introducido nuevas opciones con una mejor claridad para seguir mostrando los esfuerzos de mitigaci\u00f3n a nivel nacional, con la respectiva aplicaci\u00f3n del Sistema Nacional de MRV, con una desagregaci\u00f3n en lo sectorial a nivel de pa\u00eds.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 e. C\u00f3mo ha abordado la Parte el Art\u00edculo 4, p\u00e1rrafo 6 del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds. La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana se gu\u00eda por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7.", + "answer": { + "text": "Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050", + "answer_start": 84 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "DOM", + "country": "Dominican Republic", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", + "context": "La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana se gu\u00eda por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC para lograr el objetivo de la Convenci\u00f3n como se establece en su Art\u00edculo 2. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC a los objetivos mundiales sobre el cambio clim\u00e1tico (Convenci\u00f3n, Acuerdo de Par\u00eds y descarbonizaci\u00f3n). Acciones espec\u00edficas de mitigaci\u00f3n y movilizaci\u00f3n de recursos financieros para implementaci\u00f3n. a. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC a alcanzar el objetivo del Convenio establecido en su Art\u00edculo 2.", + "answer": { + "text": "Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050", + "answer_start": 19 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FJI", + "country": "Fiji", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf", + "context": "Through this LEDS, Fiji will continue its climate leadership which, to-date, has included serving as the President of the 23rd Conference of the Parties (COP23) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the ambitious near-term targets Fiji committed to under its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS.", + "answer": { + "text": "To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors", + "answer_start": 59 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FJI", + "country": "Fiji", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf", + "context": "As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS. To achieve this core objective, the LEDS has elaborated four possible low emission scenarios for Fiji: \u2022 A \u201cBusiness-as-Usual (BAU) Unconditional scenario,\u201d which reflects the implementation of existing and official policies, targets, and technologies that are unconditional in the sense that Fiji would implement and finance them without reliance on external or international financing.", + "answer": { + "text": "To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors", + "answer_start": 9 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FJI", + "country": "Fiji", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf", + "context": "Total Net Emissions for Fiji under four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). Figure 1. Total Net Emissions for Fiji under the four LEDS scenarios (all values in metric tonnes CO e). \u201cAs the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy\u201dFIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 I 7 6 I FIJI LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018-2050 Each of the emission reduction scenarios detailed for each sector in this LEDS is underpinned by a range of key policies and actions that must be undertaken in each sector to achieve the emission reductions. A non- exhaustive list of prioritised actions, with high-level costing and timeline, linked to the achievement of the LEDS sector scenarios is outlined in Annex A.", + "answer": { + "text": "To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors", + "answer_start": 44 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FJI", + "country": "Fiji", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf", + "context": "CCICD convened and chaired a LEDS Steering Committee composed of government ministries and major public utilities representing all relevant sectors in Fiji. CCICD then engaged members of the Steering Committee as well as numerous national and international experts and stakeholders from private sector, academia, and civil society through a participatory process to develop the LEDS (described in section 1.5 below). 1.2 FIJI\u2019S VISION Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy. This is consistent and aligns directly with Fiji\u2019s objective stated above to ensure that net zero emissions is achieved globally by 20503.", + "answer": { + "text": "To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors", + "answer_start": 65 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "National low carbon strategy - March 2020 14/176CHAPTER 2: FRANCE S PROJECT France has set targets for reducing territorial greenhouse gas emissions, in line with its international commitments15 and EU policy. These are: Achieving carbon neutrality by 205016 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 199017; In the short and medium terms, comply with the carbon budgets adopted by decree, meaning the emissions caps should not be exceeded per period of five years. In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. \u201cCarbon footprint\u201d).", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 33 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "In parallel to the reduction of territorial emissions, the national low carbon strategy aims to achieve an overall reduction in the French carbon footprint (cf. chapter 4.1.i. \u201cCarbon footprint\u201d). We must develop a new sustainable model of growth that creates jobs and wealth and improves wellbeing whilst building a circular economy for the future that is resilient to climate change. 2.1. Strategic Themes A. Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 65 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "Ambition Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is a real challenge (reducing gross emissions by a factor of at least 6) requiring very ambitious efforts in terms of energy efficiency, ambitious also in terms of sobriety, involving massive investments and a substantial transformation of our production and consumption patterns in order to develop a more circular economy, which is both resource-efficient and less waste-producing. These climate issues are global and closely linked to our consumption. Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 1 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "Thus, it is also our responsibility to control the emissions embedded in the goods and services imported to France. B. International equity France assumes its responsibility in the fight against climate change, and upholds the principle already approved at international level of an action that is proportionate to the common responsibilities of States, but is fair and thus differentiated depending on the countries, taking into account the differences in the national situations, notably in terms of their capacity and potential to reduce emissions and their historical responsibility. C. Realism The strategy is based on a prospective baseline scenario of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 (cf. chapter 2.2. \u201cThe baseline scenario\u201d). This will allow us to define one credible vision for the transition to carbon neutrality.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 99 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "This report is made public. The High Council for the Climate issues an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on this accompanying report. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy in relation to France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris climate agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. 5.3. Strategy revision Every five years, the low carbon strategy undergoes complete revision.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 59 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "It shall present an explanation for each of the objectives not achieved and the means implemented to achieve them. The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 76 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "The High Council shall issue an opinion on the national low-carbon strategy and carbon budgets as well as on the report mentioned in II of Article L. 222-1 D. It assesses the consistency of the low-carbon strategy with France s national policies and European and international commitments, in particular the Paris Climate Agreement and the objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, while taking into account the socio-economic impacts of the transition for households and businesses, sovereignty issues and environmental impacts. Article L. 132-5 of the French Environmental Code The High Council for the Climate may take up a matter on its own initiative or be referred to it by the Government, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate or the President of the Economic, Social and Environmental Council to give an opinion, within the scope of its competence, on a bill, a legislative proposal or a question relating to its field of expertise.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 57 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "In: Climate change 2014, Mitigating climate change Contribution of Working Group III to the fifth Evaluation Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change National low carbon strategy - March 2020 166/176APPENDIX 10: CARBON SINKS This appendix is a list of the strategic elements of the SNBC related to carbon sinks. Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 involves striking a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions on the national territory. Indeed, by 2050, by mobilising as much as possible the potential of each available lever to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, without, however, making technological bets, a certain level of emissions seems incompressible, particularly in the non-energy sectors (agriculture in particular).", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 51 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "chapter 2.2), the estimated total sink in the land sector (forest and agricultural land) at optimal and sustainable performance, added to an estimated capture and storage sink, would only allow us to balance these residual non-energy emissions and the residual emissions from fossil fuels retained for part of the transport sector (national air and international transport). 174 See INRA study \u201cstocker du carbone dans les sols fran\u00e7ais \u2013 quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et \u00e0 quel co\u00fbt ?\u201d (\u201cStoring carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?\u201d) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 138 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "FRA", + "country": "France", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf", + "context": "174 See INRA study \u201cstocker du carbone dans les sols fran\u00e7ais \u2013 quel potentiel au regard de l objectif 4 pour 1000 et \u00e0 quel co\u00fbt ?\u201d (\u201cStoring carbon in French soils - what potential with regard to objective 4 per 1000 and at what cost?\u201d) - July 2019 National low carbon strategy - March 2020 167/176Sinks and greenhouse gas emissions in France in 2050 according to the baseline scenario The optimised mobilisation of carbon sinks is therefore an essential lever for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. A. Sinks in the land sector The forest contributes to the underlying SNBC scenario (AMS scenario) as a carbon sink in the forest ecosystem, as a carbon sink in wood products, and through substitution effects through the production of materials and energy that can substitute for more GHG-emitting materials and energy.", + "answer": { + "text": "Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 82 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "HUN", + "country": "Hungary", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf", + "context": "According to the modeling results, GHG emissions in the BAU scenario will decrease to only 56 million tons of CO2 eq)/year, from 2019 levels. Therefore, a considerably stronger effort will be needed to achieve the 2050 climate neutrality target1 than the policies and measures currently in effect. According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century. However, the clean energy transition will vary based on different assumptions, and the generation of socioeconomic benefits will differ in their development pathways (Figure 1).", + "answer": { + "text": "According to both climate neutrality scenarios, net zero emissions will be reached by mid-century", + "answer_start": 47 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "ISL", + "country": "Iceland", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2040.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", + "context": "49On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021On the Path to Climate Neutrality October 2021 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document enfolds Iceland\u2019s first communication on its long-term strategy (LTS), to be updated when further analysis and policy documents are published on the matter. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017.", + "answer": { + "text": "Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.", + "answer_start": 56 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "ISL", + "country": "Iceland", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2040.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", + "context": "The Paris Agreement further stipulates that, to attain these objectives, it will be necessary \u2018to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases\u2019, that is net zero emissions, in the second half of this century. Recent scientific reports have further evidenced the importance of immediate and long-term climate action.1 The Paris Agreement encourages Parties to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. This document is Iceland\u2019s first communication on its long-term climate strategy. Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.", + "answer": { + "text": "Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.", + "answer_start": 83 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "ISL", + "country": "Iceland", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2040.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", + "context": "Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions. The goal of net zero emissions no later than 2040 was enacted into the Climate Act in June 2021, based on the Government Agreement from 2017. Foundation has been laid for the long-term strategy and various milestones have been reached on the path towards the long-term goal of climate neutrality. A key document is Iceland\u2019s Climate Action Plan for emissions reduction of 40% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, which was published in 2020.", + "answer": { + "text": "Iceland is committed to reducing its overall greenhouse gas emissions and reaching climate neutrality no later than 2040 and become fossil fuel free in 2050, which should set Iceland on a path to net negative emissions.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "IND", + "country": "India", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2070.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/India%20Updated%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contrib.pdf", + "context": "India\u2019s NDC is ambitious, and it is a significant contribution towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. Environmentally sustainable, low carbon initiatives are underpinning all key sectors of the Indian economy.P a g e | 3 of 3 India reaffirms its commitment to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. This update to India\u2019s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070. No change in the other sections or text or otherwise of the document containing existing first NDC is proposed at this stage. India reserves the right to provide further updates by way of additional submissions on its NDC, as and when required. *****", + "answer": { + "text": "This update to India\u2019s existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070", + "answer_start": 53 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "JPN", + "country": "Japan", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf", + "context": "With the recognition of these, it will be an urgent task for the world to pursue efforts to limit the global average temperature rise to below 1.5 \u00b0C above pre-industrial levels. As a member of the international community, Japan will contribute to the world by formulating this long-term strategy and sharing the experiences out of its implementation, thereby contributing to achieving the aforementioned target set forth in the Paris Agreement. 2. Japan\u2019s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth.", + "answer": { + "text": "Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 74 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "JPN", + "country": "Japan", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf", + "context": "Japan\u2019s Long-term Vision Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050, based on the idea that addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth and that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as its economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth. By the Act Partially Amending the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures in 204th session of the Diet (Act No. 54 of- 4 - 2021) (Hereinafter the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (Act No.", + "answer": { + "text": "Japan aims to reduce GHGs to net-zero, that is, to realize carbon neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 3 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LUX", + "country": "Luxembourg", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": ": une gouvernance efficace et la participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition (loi relative au climat, pacte climat) ; fournir les incitations n\u00e9cessaires par le biais de la politique fiscale (principe du pollueur- payeur, taxe CO2 , taxation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et des ressources) ; int\u00e9grer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l\u2019Etat et garantir des finances publiques durables (investissements dans les infrastructures cl\u00e9s, flux financiers compatibles avec un profil d\u2019\u00e9volution vers un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de GES) ; consolider le r\u00f4le pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019Etat et des communes en d\u00e9veloppant les march\u00e9s publics durables (b\u00e2timents publics durables, sains et circulaires, v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2040) ; exploiter la fonction coordinatrice intersectorielle de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement territorial et urbain (programme directeur d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, centres de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u2019attraction et d\u00e9concentration concentr\u00e9e, consultation \u00ab Luxembourg in Transition \u00bb) ; mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l\u2019innovation et la digitalisation (strat\u00e9gie nationale de la recherche et de l\u2019innovation, t\u00e9l\u00e9travail) ; favoriser l\u2019engagement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e9toffer le r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la formation (participation des citoyens et des consommateurs, transfert de connaissances et d\u00e9veloppement de comp\u00e9tences) ; ainsi que consolider le cadre UE en faveur de l\u2019action pour le climat (paquet l\u00e9gislatif \u00ab Delivering the European Green Deal \u00bb, normes de performance des v\u00e9hicules, exigences en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9coconception). En bref, la coh\u00e9rence du cadre l\u00e9gislatif et politique avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 devra \u00eatre assur\u00e9e.", + "answer": { + "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", + "answer_start": 233 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LUX", + "country": "Luxembourg", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": "En bref, la coh\u00e9rence du cadre l\u00e9gislatif et politique avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 devra \u00eatre assur\u00e9e. Ensuite, sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s les lignes directrices et les principaux champs d\u2019action et mesures strat\u00e9giques pour guider la transformation dans tous les secteurs concern\u00e9s (Entre parenth\u00e8ses est \u00e9voqu\u00e9e une s\u00e9lection des leviers et instruments d\u00e9crits dans la strat\u00e9gie.) :Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 7 / 97 1. Syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique 1. Principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (r\u00e9duction de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, m\u00e9canisme d\u2019obligations en mati\u00e8re d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique) 2. D\u00e9ploiement maximis\u00e9 des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (\u00e9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne, coop\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne) et r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable (strat\u00e9gie hydrog\u00e8ne, d\u00e9carbonisation d\u2019activit\u00e9s difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier) 3.", + "answer": { + "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", + "answer_start": 10 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LUX", + "country": "Luxembourg", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": "205 La Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 en mai 2020 la communication COM(2020) 381 final : Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab De la ferme \u00e0 la table \u00bb pour un syst\u00e8me alimentaire \u00e9quitable, sain et respectueux de l\u2019environnement. 206 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Strat\u00e9gie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en coh\u00e9rence avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050, y compris par l\u2019incitation accrue \u00e0 des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires.", + "answer": { + "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", + "answer_start": 104 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LUX", + "country": "Luxembourg", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", + "context": "206 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Strat\u00e9gie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en coh\u00e9rence avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050, y compris par l\u2019incitation accrue \u00e0 des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires. Les fonds de la PAC sont \u00e0 r\u00e9allouer vers les activit\u00e9s et mesures promouvant la transition de la production agricole.", + "answer": { + "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", + "answer_start": 69 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MLT", + "country": "Malta", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", + "context": "The LCDS is being spearheaded by the Ministry for the Environment, Climate Change and Planning (MECP) and is the result of a three-year process initiated by Government and the MECP, whereby mitigation measures have been researched and short- listed, possible abatement levels quantified through Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) modelling (i.e. the ratio of abatement potential against incremental cost of measure), and stakeholders consulted, leading to a list of realistic and cost-effective measures which are to be implemented in the years to come. The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta\u2019s contribution to EU-wide goals. Carbon neutrality is also one of Malta\u2019s pillars for economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Strategy aims to move towards climate neutrality by 2050 in line with Malta\u2019s contribution to EU-wide goals", + "answer_start": 83 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MHL", + "country": "Marshall Islands", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", + "context": "The context and long-term vision for this NDC is set out in RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors \u2022 Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) \u2022 Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018.", + "answer": { + "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", + "answer_start": 89 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MHL", + "country": "Marshall Islands", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", + "context": "A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors \u2022 Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) \u2022 Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. Fair and ambitious RMI\u2019s emissions are negligible in the global context (<0.00001% of global emissions).", + "answer": { + "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", + "answer_start": 68 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MHL", + "country": "Marshall Islands", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", + "context": "RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).", + "answer": { + "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", + "answer_start": 248 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MHL", + "country": "Marshall Islands", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", + "context": "The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). \u00be Focus in the short and medium term on RMI\u2019s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; \u00be Act to reduce RMI\u2019s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; \u00be Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; \u00be Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; \u00be Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; \u00be Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; \u00be Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; \u00be Include health considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years \u2013 including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs \u2013 at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and \u00be Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.", + "answer": { + "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", + "answer_start": 214 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MAR", + "country": "Morocco", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", + "context": "A cet effet, le Maroc a lanc\u00e9 un processus d\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une LT-LEDS qui permettra la mise en coh\u00e9rence des politiques publiques et l\u2019alignement des d\u00e9cisions de court terme avec les objectifs de long terme. L\u2019objectif de ce processus est de parvenir \u00e0 une strat\u00e9gie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, commune et partag\u00e9e par toutes les parties prenantes, \u00e9tablissant les principales orientations de l\u2019\u00e9conomie et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 marocaines entre 2020 et 2050 pour atteindre un objectif de d\u00e9carbonation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 qui soit align\u00e9 avec l\u2019Accord de Paris. L\u2019autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l\u2019ambition climatique au-del\u00e0 des objectifs de court terme affich\u00e9s dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "L\u2019autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l\u2019ambition climatique au-del\u00e0 des objectifs de court terme affich\u00e9s dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050.", + "answer_start": 84 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "MAR", + "country": "Morocco", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", + "context": "L\u2019autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l\u2019ambition climatique au-del\u00e0 des objectifs de court terme affich\u00e9s dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050. L\u2019\u00e9laboration de la LT-LEDS offrirait \u00e9galement au Maroc plusieurs opportunit\u00e9s majeures de : \u2022 \u0007 Co-construction d\u2019un cap commun et partag\u00e9 de transformation syst\u00e9mique du mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement du Maroc et inscription dans une trajectoire \u00e0 long terme d\u2019une \u00e9conomie sobre en carbone ;Strat\u00e9gie Bas Carbone \u00e0 Long Terme \u2022 \u0007 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l\u2019alignement du d\u00e9veloppement du Maroc avec les exigences des deux agendas mondiaux des Nations Unies, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019Accord de Paris et l\u2019Agenda 2030 de d\u00e9veloppement durable tout en garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Royaume ; \u2022 \u0007 Exploration des retomb\u00e9es potentielles d\u2019un mode de croissance d\u00e9carbon\u00e9e sur les plans \u00e9conomique (PIB, nouvel \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me industriel vert de TPME, cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et innovation), social (emplois verts, r\u00e9duction des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s), environnemental et des territoires ; \u2022 \u0007 Am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019attractivit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et sociale des territoires, des r\u00e9gions et des villes, tout en d\u00e9veloppant des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes et \u00e0 faible empreinte carbone ; \u2022 \u0007 Positionnement proactif dans un environnement international et r\u00e9gional en pleine mutation et porteur d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la position commerciale et d\u2019export du Maroc : \u00ab Green Deal \u00bb de l\u2019UE et \u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d\u2019un ajustement aux fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019UE du contenu en carbone des importations, initiatives sur le Bassin M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale (ZLECAF) et enjeux continentaux en Afrique\u2026 ; et \u2022 \u0007 Renforcement de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 internationale du pays, \u00e0 travers l\u2019attraction des investissements \u00e9trangers et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de nouvelles sources de financement climatique et au d\u00e9veloppement des partenariats internationaux.", + "answer": { + "text": "L\u2019autre objectif de la LT-LEDS est, in fine, de rehausser l\u2019ambition climatique au-del\u00e0 des objectifs de court terme affich\u00e9s dans les NDC et consacrer son leadership climatique au niveau mondial en se joignant aux efforts internationaux de neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "fr-FR", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "NAM", + "country": "Namibia", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", + "context": "The revised NDC allows for a robust assessment of Namibia\u2019s mitigation and adaptation actions supported by a comprehensive stakeholder-driven dialogue mechanism and enhanced data. This report provides an update on the latest policies, measures and actions that will drive significant emission reductions whilst promoting a climate-resilient Namibia. The updated NDC presents a progressive shift above the 2015 pledge to reduce emissions from 89% to 91% by 2030. Mitigation contribution Namibia s mitigation commitment is in the form of a decrease in GHG emissions compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) baseline over the 2015-2030 period. This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050", + "answer_start": 95 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "NAM", + "country": "Namibia", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", + "context": "This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050. In the energy sector, the national sustainable energy strategy of Namibia looks to introduce new emissions- reducing technologies and encourage healthier practices that are more energy efficient.1 The updated NDC includes climate-friendly and energy-efficient refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC). Low Global Warming Potential technology options, particularly technology with natural refrigerants, exist as an alternative to HFCs for almost any RAC appliance. In the AFOLU sector, the main driver of the 2030 goal is to reduce the deforestation rate. The next 10 years will see a decrease in CO2 equivalents by over 13.5 MtCO2e.", + "answer": { + "text": "This update presents an improvement in the commitment of the devotion of Namibia to meeting the Paris Agreement goal and following the road to net zero emissions by 2050", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "NRU", + "country": "Nauru", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf", + "context": "2050 Aspirational Goal Nauru aspires to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks by 2050, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. But achieving this aspirational goal will be contingent on the effective mobilization of sufficient international financial, technical and capacity building support. This ambitious mitigation effort must be pursued in tandem with urgent adaptationactions, including the full realization of the Higher Ground Initiative, along with major improvements to national food security, water security, and public health and safety.VII.", + "answer": { + "text": "This updated NDC sets the beginning of the path for Nauru to progress towards our aspiration of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.", + "answer_start": 37 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "NPL", + "country": "Nepal", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20-%202020.pdf", + "context": "To this end, the country has developed its policy and institutional framework. In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19 of the Paris Agreement, Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050. 3. Mitigation Component of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Quantified targets of NDC Type Activity-based targets and policy targets in key sectors, including emissions reduction in some sectorsThe targets in this section, unless otherwise specified, are conditional upon international support.", + "answer": { + "text": "Nepal is formulating a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy by 2021. The strategy aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050", + "answer_start": 23 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "PAN", + "country": "Panama", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", + "context": "La vulnerabilidad del pa\u00eds ante los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, tanto a nivel de sus estructuras f\u00edsicas, como de la plataforma de servicios ecosist\u00e9micos y antropog\u00e9nicos que sustenta la econom\u00eda nacional, exige un aumento en el nivel de ambici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica para garantizar la sostenibilidad y competitividad del pa\u00eds en el largo plazo, en un escenario de desarrollo que para ser sostenible tiene que ser resiliente al clima. En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050, generando benefi cios triples.", + "answer": { + "text": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050", + "answer_start": 67 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "PAN", + "country": "Panama", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", + "context": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050, generando benefi cios triples. Esto es, que producen resultados m\u00faltiples y tangibles en los \u00e1mbitos del desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, el bienestar social y la sostenibilidad ambiental, la igualdad de g\u00e9nero y empoderamiento de las mujeres, j\u00f3venes y grupos vulnerables, al minimizar el da\u00f1o causado por los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y al mismo tiempo maximizar las oportunidades que ofrece el fi nanciamiento clim\u00e1tico.", + "answer": { + "text": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "PNG", + "country": "Papua New Guinea", + "document": "2nd NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf", + "context": "The other important component of the contributions would be from climate-resilient development in the country and enhancing adaptation in the livelihood of the rural population which amounts to 75 \u2013 80 percent12 of the 8.25 million13 people in PNG. PNG\u2019s NDC in 2016 was prepared in line with the national strategies and plans. The commitments were adduced from the National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy (NCCDMP), under which PNG aspires to reduce its emission to 50 percent by 2030 and to be carbon neutral by 2050. Specific to the forest sector, PNG developed its National REDD+ Strategy which was approved by NEC in May 2017. The National REDD+ Strategy outlines the key action areas across the sectors.", + "answer": { + "text": "The commitments were adduced from the National Climate Compatible Development Management Policy (NCCDMP), under which PNG aspires to reduce its emission to 50 percent by 2030 and to be carbon neutral by 2050.", + "answer_start": 53 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SYC", + "country": "Seychelles", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", + "context": "The Republic of Seychelles is committed to reducing economy wide absolute Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 293.8 ktCO2e in 2030 (26.4%) compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario by implementing the following:a. Mitigation Contribution With its new and enhanced mitigation contributions, Seychelles seeks to achieve a substantial mitigation benefit, lowering the GHG emission to a level of 817 ktCO2eq by 2030, relatively to baseline emissions, as well as a lasting adaptation impact in terms of energy and water security for Seychelles and improved resilience across communities. The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector.", + "answer": { + "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050", + "answer_start": 108 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SYC", + "country": "Seychelles", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", + "context": "The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b.", + "answer": { + "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050", + "answer_start": 22 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SYC", + "country": "Seychelles", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", + "context": "The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b. Adaptation Contribution As a Small Island Developing State, Seychelles is inherently vulnerable to the impacts and risks associated with climate change, and thus gives high priority to climate adaptation strategies that will improve its resilience to these.", + "answer": { + "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050", + "answer_start": 22 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SVK", + "country": "Slovakia", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf", + "context": "83 TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017* \u2013 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017 \u2013 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO 85 FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK FORESTS . 86 TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 86 TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 86 ANNEX II - SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO INDIVIDUAL SECTORS . 88 LULUCF \u2013 expert approach . 90 Waste sector - expert approach. 90 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENARIOS USED IN THE LOW -CARBON STUDY 91 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS USED . 92LIST OF ACRONYMS BAT Best Available Technologies Carbon dioxide DHS District heating system MS Member State EE Energy efficiency EC European Commission ESD/ESR GHG emissions outside the EU-ETS EU ETS/ ETS European Emission Trading Scheme Gg Gigagram (=Mt) GDP Gross domestic product IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change IPPU Industrial processes and product use sector LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry sector Mt Million tonnes MW Megawatt ME SR Ministry of Economy of the SR MoE SR Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic NECP Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for 2021 - 2030 NMVOC Indirect emissions N2O Nitrous oxide OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAMs Policies and measures SEA Slovak Environment Agency WB World Bank SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SHMI Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Slovak-CGE GHG ENVISAGE-Slovakia applied general equilibrium mode Greenhouse gas UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MFF Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 WEM Scenario with existing measures WAM Scenario with additional measuresSUMMARY This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy (after the completion of the modelling of possible emission scenarios), and therefore other less ambitious emission reduction (and increase in removals) scenarios are analysed in detail: a scenario with existing WEM measures and a scenario with additional WAM measures.", + "answer": { + "text": "This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy", + "answer_start": 361 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SVN", + "country": "Slovenia", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", + "context": "92/07\u2013 official consolidated text, Assembly adopted at its session on 13 July 2021 the following R E S O L U T I O N ON SLOVENIA\u2019S LONG-TERM CLIMATE STRATEGY UNTIL 2050 (ReDPS50) With the Resolution on Slovenia\u2019s Long-Term Climate Strategy Until 2050 (hereinafter: Climate Strategy) being adopted to implement paragraph one of Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1), the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050.By setting the climate objective, the Climate Strategy is determining the goal of attaining net zero emissions by 2050 to other sectors and their sectoral policies.", + "answer": { + "text": "the Republic of Slovenia sets a clear objective, i.e. to attain net zero emissions or climate neutrality by 2050", + "answer_start": 132 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "KOR", + "country": "Republic of Korea", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf", + "context": "Implementation of the NDC The Republic of Korea is building up the following institutional arrangements and mechanisms to implement its updated NDC. First, the Republic of Korea is pushing forward policies that accelerate the achievement of its updated 2030 target and 2050 goal in accordance with the Carbon Neutrality Act. The Act was enacted in September 2021 with the aim of strengthening both mitigation and adaptation measures and addressing inequality that could arise in the societal transition to carbon neutrality. The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.", + "answer_start": 80 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "KOR", + "country": "Republic of Korea", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf", + "context": "The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030. Other key pillars of the Act include: climate impact assessment, climate-responsive budgeting, Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS), adaptation measures for the climate crisis, and designation of special areas and establishment of support centers for the just transition. The Act serves as a legislative basis for the economic and social transition that will ultimately enable the Republic of Korea to achieve its NDC. Second, the public and private sectors have joined forces to implement the NDC with the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission at the center.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "KOR", + "country": "Republic of Korea", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/211223_The%20Republic%20of%20Korea's%20Enhanced%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution_211227_editorial%20change.pdf", + "context": "First, the Republic of Korea is pushing forward policies that accelerate the achievement of its updated 2030 target and 2050 goal in accordance with the Carbon Neutrality Act. The Act was enacted in September 2021 with the aim of strengthening both mitigation and adaptation measures and addressing inequality that could arise in the societal transition to carbon neutrality. The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030. Other key pillars of the Act include: climate impact assessment, climate-responsive budgeting,Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS), adaptation measures for the climate crisis, and designation of special areas and establishment of support centers for the just transition.", + "answer": { + "text": "The Act clearly defines 2050 carbon neutrality as the Republic of Korea\u2019s national vision and stipulates the minimum level of its NDC target for 2030.", + "answer_start": 58 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "ESP", + "country": "Spain", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", + "context": "Asimismo, la disponibilidad de un sistema energ\u00e9tico menos dependiente de los combustibles f\u00f3siles, disminuir\u00e1 la exposici\u00f3n del pa\u00eds a las variaciones de los mercados internacionales de combustibles, aumentando as\u00ed su resiliencia frente a los cambios internacionales y su competitividad en el contexto global. Por ello, el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis clim\u00e1tica, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernizaci\u00f3n y competitividad de nuestra econom\u00eda y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad clim\u00e1tica en el horizonte 20501, con hitos intermedios en 2030 y 2040.", + "answer": { + "text": "el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis clim\u00e1tica, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernizaci\u00f3n y competitividad de nuestra econom\u00eda y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad clim\u00e1tica en el horizonte 2050", + "answer_start": 45 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LKA", + "country": "Sri Lanka", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2060.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", + "context": "The country focuses on building the resilience of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Health, Water, Biodiversity, Coastal and Marine, Tourism, Urban Planning and Human Settlement sectors Sri Lanka\u2019s per capita greenhouse gas emission in 2010 was 1.02 tons and its global cumulative contribution in 2019 was 0.03%. Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; \u27a2 To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 \u27a2 To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation \u27a2 No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; \u27a2 Adopting \u2018Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management\u2019 with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 \u27a2 Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer \u27a2 Promoting organic fertilizer and farming \u27a2 Banning single-use plastics \u27a2 Promoting E-mobility \u27a2 Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1.", + "answer": { + "text": "Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060", + "answer_start": 173 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "LKA", + "country": "Sri Lanka", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2060.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", + "context": "Despite this low carbon footprint and highly vulnerable status, Sri Lanka commits to increase 32% forest cover by 2030 and reduce greenhouse emissions by 14.5% for the period of 2021-2030 from Power (electricity generation), Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry, and Agriculture In order to realize this ambitious target, Sri Lanka further commits; \u27a2 To achieve 70% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030 \u27a2 To achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050 in electricity generation \u27a2 No capacity addition of Coal power plants Sri Lanka has already launched following major initiatives; \u27a2 Adopting \u2018Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management\u2019 with an ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030 \u27a2 Banning agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizer \u27a2 Promoting organic fertilizer and farming \u27a2 Banning single-use plastics \u27a2 Promoting E-mobility \u27a2 Promoting circular economy Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060Chapter 1. Introduction Sri Lanka submitted its initial NDCs in September 2016 as a country that ratified the Paris Agreement.", + "answer": { + "text": "Sri Lanka expects to achieve its Carbon Neutrality by 2060", + "answer_start": 128 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "SWE", + "country": "Sweden", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2045.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf", + "context": "This demands wide-ranging action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also demands that every sector of society plays a part in the climate transition. In 2017, the Swedish Parliament (Riksdag) adopted a climate policy framework with (1) national climate goals, (2) a Climate Act and (3) a Climate Policy Council. The climate policy framework\u2019s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions. By 2045, greenhouse gas emissions from Swedish territory are to be at least 85 per cent lower than emissions in 1990. To achieve net zero emissions, supplementary measures may be counted in line with rules decided at international level.", + "answer": { + "text": "The climate policy framework\u2019s long-term climate goal establishes that, by 2045 at the latest, Sweden is to have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions.", + "answer_start": 50 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHE", + "country": "Switzerland", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf", + "context": "eq Buildings Transport Industry Agriculture Waste Synthetic Gases International Aviation and ShippingFigure 6: Development of the greenhouse gas footprint based on Swiss final demand from 2000 to 2017, broken down by domestic and import-related emissions (emissions related to exported goods and services are not in- cluded). Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).", + "answer": { + "text": "Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).", + "answer_start": 94 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "CHE", + "country": "Switzerland", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Switzerland.pdf", + "context": "Source: FSO Air emissions accounts (2020) 4 Long-term target for 2050 In line with the scientific evidence, based on the Paris Agreement, in accordance with its highest pos- sible ambition 17 and in view of specific economic and social requirements, Switzerland has set itself the following long-term target18: Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero). Switzerland s greenhouse gas target for 2050 (net-zero target)\u2026 \u2026 means achieving equilibrium between sources of emissions and removal and covers all internation- ally governed greenhouse gases (not just CO2); \u2026 includes all sectors in the greenhouse gas inventory (energy, industrial processes and product us- age, agriculture, land use, land use changes and forestry (LULUCF), waste and others); \u2026 covers the emissions within Swiss national borders (territorial or point of sale principle); \u2026 also includes the emissions from international aviation and shipping attributable to Switzerland; \u2026 does not determine specific domestic and international shares for emission reductions; \u2026 represents an interim goal where future development after 2050 is still undecided.", + "answer": { + "text": "Switzerland should achieve balanced greenhouse gas performance by 2050 at the latest (net zero).", + "answer_start": 48 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "THA", + "country": "Thailand", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2065.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf", + "context": "Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy THAILAND Submitted under the Paris Agreementii The COP, by its decision 1/CP 21, paragraph 35, invited Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement. _____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand\u2019s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand\u2019s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand\u2019s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020.", + "answer": { + "text": "In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065", + "answer_start": 51 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "THA", + "country": "Thailand", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2065.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf", + "context": "_____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand\u2019s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand\u2019s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand\u2019s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020. 10 Figure 1-6 Share of final energy consumption by economic sectors 2020 10 Figure 1-7 The energy conservation target during the year 2010-2037 13 Figure 1-8 National GHG emissions/removals by sector 14 Figure 1-9 Total GHG emissions by sector (excluding LULUCF) 2000 and 2016 15 Figure 1-10 GHG emissions in the Energy sector in 2016 15 Figure 1-11 GHG emissions in the IPPU sector in 2016 16 Figure 1-12 GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-13 GHG emissions in the LULUCF sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-14 GHG emissions in the Waste sector in 2016 18 Figure 1-15 Structure of the National Committee on Climate Change Policy 20 Figure 1-16 The structure of domestic MRV system for GHG emissions reduction 21 Figure 2-1 Thailand\u2019s NAMAs implementation 24 Figure 2-2 GHG reduction potential in 2030 according to the NDC sectoral action plans 27 Figure 3-1 Preparation and approval process of Thailand\u2019s LEDS 30 Figure 3-2 Framework of Thailand\u2019s LEDS Development 31 Figure 3-3 Overview of the input of the AIM/EndUse model in developing Thailand\u2019s LEDS 33 Figure 3-4 An overview of the AIM/CGE Model for Thailand\u2019s LEDS 34 Figure 3-5 GHG emissions/removals by sector in 2005 \u2013 2050 in the BAU scenario 38 Figure 3-6 Thailand\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission scenario.", + "answer": { + "text": "In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065", + "answer_start": 1 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "UKR", + "country": "Ukraine", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2060.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf", + "context": "Moreover, it ensures a low greenhouse gas development that does not threaten Ukraine\u2019s food production and that the Ukrainian economy can develop in a sustainable manner. How the NDC contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. Ukraine\u2019s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.", + "answer": { + "text": "Ukraine\u2019s NDC is consistent with a trajectory to achieve net zero GHG emissions not later than 2060.", + "answer_start": 44 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "GBR", + "country": "United Kingdom", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/UK%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", + "context": "Ahead of COP26, the UK intends to publish a comprehensive Net Zero Strategy, setting out the government\u2019s vision for transitioning to a net zero economy by 2050, making the most of new growth and employment opportunities across the UK. The Net Zero Strategy will constitute the UK\u2019s revised Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy to the UNFCCC. The UK also intends to publish ambitious individual plans across key sectors of the economy, including an Energy White Paper, Transport Decarbonisation Plan, England Peat Strategy and Heat and Buildings Strategy ahead of COP26. The UK is dedicated to promoting equality and inclusion, including women\u2019s empowerment and gender equality. Public authorities must fulfil responsibilities set out under the UK\u2019s Equality Act (2010),17 which covers a range of protected characteristics.", + "answer": { + "text": "Ahead of COP26, the UK intends to publish a comprehensive Net Zero Strategy, setting out the government\u2019s vision for transitioning to a net zero economy by 2050, making the most of new growth and employment opportunities across the UK. The Net Zero Strategy will constitute the UK\u2019s revised Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy to the UNFCCC.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "USA", + "country": "United States of America", + "document": "LTS", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf", + "context": "The time is now for decisive action, and the United States is boldly tackling the climate challenge. In 2021, we rejoined the Paris Agreement, set an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 50-52% in 2030, launched the Global Methane Pledge, and have undertaken additional concrete actions to advance climate action domestically and internationally. These investments are critical to immediately accelerate our emissions reductions. This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050. Achieving net-zero emissions is how we\u2014and our fellow nations around the globe\u2014will keep a 1.5\u00b0C limit on global temperature rise within reach and prevent unacceptable climate change impacts and risks.", + "answer": { + "text": "This 2021 Long-Term Strategy represents the next step: it lays out how the United States can reach its ultimate goal of net-zero emissions no later than 2050.", + "answer_start": 68 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "BRA", + "country": "Brazil", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf", + "context": "FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL Paris Agreement NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) The government of the Federative Republic of Brazil is pleased to communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), updated in the context of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which was adopted by the Parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement during the 26th Conference of the Parties. Through this communication, Brazil confirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 by 37%, compared with 2005. Additionally, Brazil commits to reduce its emissions in 2030 by 50%, compared with 2005. Brazil\u00b4s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "Brazil\u00b4s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.", + "answer_start": 103 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "BRA", + "country": "Brazil", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf", + "context": "Brazil\u00b4s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Brazil\u2019s updated NDC is broad in scope and includes a consideration of means of implementation and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions in all economic sectors. This contribution is communicated under the assumption that the implementation of the Paris Agreement fully respects the principles and provisions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common, but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. As a developing country, Brazil\u00b4s historical contribution to the global problem of climate change has been small.", + "answer": { + "text": "Brazil\u00b4s commitments also include a long-term objective to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "en-US", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AND", + "country": "Andorra", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", + "context": "en relaci\u00f3n a las emisiones no absorbidas del escenario BAU, propuesto en el Primer BUR de Andorra al CMNUCC (diciembre 2014). Este compromiso se increment\u00f3 con la primera actualizaci\u00f3n de la NDC en 2020, concretamente con un objetivo a largo plazo de neutralidad en carbono para el a\u00f1o 2050. La actualizaci\u00f3n que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "La actualizaci\u00f3n que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.", + "answer_start": 49 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, + { + "Alpha3": "AND", + "country": "Andorra", + "document": "Updated NDC", + "parameter": "T_Netzero", + "target_type": "T_FL", + "target_year": "2050.0", + "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", + "context": "La actualizaci\u00f3n que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050. Tipo de compromiso: visi\u00f3n a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducci\u00f3n cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualizaci\u00f3n de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducci\u00f3n del 37% a una reducci\u00f3n del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza as\u00ed el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualizaci\u00f3n de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el a\u00f1o 2050.", + "answer": { + "text": "La actualizaci\u00f3n que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050.", + "answer_start": 0 + }, + "language": "es-ES", + "question": "Is carbon neutrality envisioned?" + }, { "Alpha3": "AND", "country": "Andorra", @@ -151,7 +1495,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "All analyses for the FOLU sector was carried out within this database. For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA\u2019s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference", + "context": "All analyses for the FOLU sector was carried out within this database. For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA\u2019s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The emission impacts are calculated based on 1) the 2019 multi-sector GHG inventory prepared by the National Climate Change Office, 2) the 2015 Forest Reference Level, 3) 2020 calculations from the FAO\u2019s EX-ACT estimation tool and IRENA\u2019s ReMAP model for agricultural, transport and energy sectors, and 4) 2021 calculations from the FOLU GHG inventory database developed by CfRN in conjunction with the FOLU roundtable for land-use and land-use change and forestry sector.", "answer": { "text": "The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets)", "answer_start": 151 @@ -167,7 +1511,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Belize%20Updated%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA\u2019s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The emission impacts are calculated based on 1) the 2019 multi-sector", + "context": "For actions in the energy sector, baseline emissions are estimated in line with the Baseline Energy Scenario (BES) in IRENA\u2019s ReMAP modelling framework, which is representative of policies announced up to 2015. b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information Policies, strategies and plans in place as of December 2020 were considered in the targets and actions included in the updated NDC d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets) e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The emission impacts are calculated based on 1) the 2019 multi-sector GHG inventory prepared by the National Climate Change Office, 2) the 2015 Forest Reference Level, 3) 2020 calculations from the FAO\u2019s EX-ACT estimation tool and IRENA\u2019s ReMAP model for agricultural, transport and energy sectors, and 4) 2021 calculations from the FOLU GHG inventory database developed by CfRN in conjunction with the FOLU roundtable for land-use and land-use change and forestry sector. f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Updates may reflect feedback from stakeholders provided during the validation of this document, as well as additional targets included in the long-term Low Emissions Development Strategy, which is currently being developed 2.", "answer": { "text": "The mitigation actions included in the updated NDC are estimated to result in over 5.6 MTCO2e in cumulative avoided emissions by 2030, and a reduction of 1.0 MTCO2e in annual emissions by 2030 (not including additional deforestation targets)", "answer_start": 139 @@ -199,7 +1543,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Chile's long-term vision: transition to sustainable and inclusive development by 2050 The ECLP will be the guiding instrument of climate policy to align it with the long-term vision and goal defined for Chile and proposed in the Draft Framework Law on Climate Change, which sets out where we need to go by the middle of the century to be consistent with global efforts to avoid global temperature rise as set out in the Paris Agreement.", + "context": "Visi\u00f3n de largo plazo de Chile: Transici\u00f3n al desarrollo sustentable e inclusivo a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050 La ECLP ser\u00e1 el instrumento orientador de la pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica para ali- nearla con la visi\u00f3n y meta de largo plazo definida para Chile y propuesta en el Proyecto de Ley Marco de Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, que establece donde se debe llegar hacia mediados de siglo para ser coherentes con los esfuerzos mundiales de evitar el aumento de temperatura global tal como establece el Acuerdo de Paris. Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinaci\u00f3n y sinergia sin precedente en materia de pol\u00edtica am- biental en el pa\u00eds.", "answer": { "text": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050", "answer_start": 83 @@ -215,7 +1559,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "This strategy, together with the NDC, corresponds to the highest-ranking climate change management instruments at the national level, establishing medium- and long-term climate change objectives, targets and guidelines at the national, sectoral and subnational levels.", + "context": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050, lo que requiere de un esfuerzo de coordinaci\u00f3n y sinergia sin precedente en materia de pol\u00edtica am- biental en el pa\u00eds. Esta estrategia, junto con la NDC, corresponden a los instrumentos de ges- ti\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico de mayor jerarqu\u00eda a nivel nacional, estableciendo objetivos, metas y lineamientos de mediano y largo plazo en materia de cambio clim\u00e1tico a nivel nacional, sectorial y subnacional.", "answer": { "text": "Chile se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad de emisiones de GEI y aumentar su resiliencia a m\u00e1s tardar al 2050", "answer_start": 0 @@ -263,7 +1607,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The way forward for the implementation and updating of the E2050 3.1 National and inter-national context and justification for action Page 53 \u25c6 3.2 Climate change in Colombia: expected behaviour of temperature and pre- precipitation in the middle of the 21st century Page 56 \u25c6 3.3 Greenhouse gas emissions by sector in Colombia Page 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, a country at high risk of climate change (period 2040-2070) Page 75 \u25c6 3.5 Assessment of possible economic effects of the transition to carbon neutrality Page 92 Mandate and importance of having a long-term strategy 4.1 Socio-ecological resilience as a basis for climate action Page 101 \u25c6 4.2 Participatory Cons- truction of the Long-Term E2050 Climate Strategy Page 108 \u25c6 4.3 Colombia's path towards carbon neutrality Page 111 Fundamental foundations for building a climate-resilient future in Colombia Colombia's visionStrategic messages of the E2050 Strate", + "context": "A partir de ahora, inicia el reto de implementar la E2050 articulando su visi\u00f3n, principios fundamental- es y apuestas a los instrumentos de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, que contribuyan a construir el camino para una nue- va Colombia carbono neutral y con amplias capaci- dades de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico. Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica socioecol\u00f3gica en Colombia al 2050 P\u00e1gina 145 \u25c6 6.2 Relaci\u00f3n entre apuestas de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 183 \u25c6 6.3 Medios de implementaci\u00f3n para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 196 \u00c1reas de acci\u00f3n para la transici\u00f3n a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambici\u00f3n e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: \u201cVientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad\u201d, historia para acercar al p\u00fablico infantil (ni\u00f1os de educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia P\u00e1gina 265 \u25c6 9.2 Relaci\u00f3n de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 245 \u25c6 7.2 Inclusi\u00f3n de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificaci\u00f3n, pol\u00edticas e instrumentos P\u00e1gina 247 \u25c6 7.3 Informaci\u00f3n, capacidades y tecnolog\u00eda para la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 249 \u25c6 7.4 Implementaci\u00f3n pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformaci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 250 \u25c6 7.5 Comunicaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de la transici\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 252 El camino a seguir para la implementaci\u00f3n y la actualizaci\u00f3n de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificaci\u00f3n nacional e inter- nacional para la acci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 53 \u25c6 3.2 El cambio clim\u00e1tico en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitaci\u00f3n a mediados del siglo XXI P\u00e1gina 56 \u25c6 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia P\u00e1gina 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, un pa\u00eds con alto riesgo por cambio clim\u00e1tico (periodo 2040- 2070) P\u00e1gina 75 \u25c6 3.5 Evaluaci\u00f3n de posibles efectos econ\u00f3micos de la transici\u00f3n hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecol\u00f3gica como fundamento para la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 101 \u25c6 4.2 Cons- trucci\u00f3n participativa de la Estrategia Clim\u00e1tica de Largo Plazo E2050 P\u00e1gina 108 \u25c6 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 111 Bases para la construcci\u00f3n de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visi\u00f3n de ColombiaMensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", "answer": { "text": "A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", "answer_start": 406 @@ -279,7 +1623,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Action Page 53 \u25c6 3.2 Climate change in Colombia: expected behaviour of temperature and pre- precipitation in the middle of the 21st century Page 56 \u25c6 3.3 Sectoral Greenhouse Gas Emissions Perspective (GEI) in Colombia Page 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, a country with a high risk of climate change (period 2040-2070) Page 75 \u25c6 3.5 Assessment of possible economic effects of the transition to carbon neutrality Page 92 Mandate and importance of having a long-term strategy 4.1 Socio-ecological resilience as a basis for climate action Page 101 \u25c6 4.2 Participatory Cons- truction of the Long-Term Climate Strategy E2050 Page 108 \u25c6 4.3 Colombia's path towards carbon neutrality Page 111 Basic foundations for building a climate-resilient future in Colombia Colombia's visionStrategic messages of E2050 Strategic messages of E2050 A 2050 Colombia aims to transform into a climate-resilient", + "context": "Carlos Eduardo Correa Escaf Ministro de ambiente y desarrollo sostenibleCONTENIDO Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Circunstancias nacionales 6.1 Apuestas para alcanzar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica socioecol\u00f3gica en Colombia al 2050 P\u00e1gina 145 \u25c6 6.2 Relaci\u00f3n entre apuestas de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 183 \u25c6 6.3 Medios de implementaci\u00f3n para sustentar e impulsar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 196 \u00c1reas de acci\u00f3n para la transici\u00f3n a una Colombia resiliente: referentes de ambici\u00f3n e instrumentos Literatura citada Anexos 9.1 Cuento: \u201cVientos de cambio: Una historia de carbono neutralidad\u201d, historia para acercar al p\u00fablico infantil (ni\u00f1os de educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica primaria) las transfor- maciones profundas que impulsa la E2050 para Colombia P\u00e1gina 265 \u25c6 9.2 Relaci\u00f3n de estudios de apoyo elaborados para la construcci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 266 7.1 Anclaje institucional, de monitoreo, seguimiento, y evalua- ci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 245 \u25c6 7.2 Inclusi\u00f3n de consideraciones de largo plazo en planificaci\u00f3n, pol\u00edticas e instrumentos P\u00e1gina 247 \u25c6 7.3 Informaci\u00f3n, capacidades y tecnolog\u00eda para la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 249 \u25c6 7.4 Implementaci\u00f3n pionera de apues- tas y opciones de transformaci\u00f3n de la E2050 P\u00e1gina 250 \u25c6 7.5 Comunicaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de la transici\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 252 El camino a seguir para la implementaci\u00f3n y la actualizaci\u00f3n de la E2050 3.1 Contexto y justificaci\u00f3n nacional e inter- nacional para la acci\u00f3n P\u00e1gina 53 \u25c6 3.2 El cambio clim\u00e1tico en Colombia: comporta- miento esperado de la temperatura y la pre- cipitaci\u00f3n a mediados del siglo XXI P\u00e1gina 56 \u25c6 3.3 Perfil de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) por sector en Colombia P\u00e1gina 65 \u25c6 3.4 Colombia, un pa\u00eds con alto riesgo por cambio clim\u00e1tico (periodo 2040- 2070) P\u00e1gina 75 \u25c6 3.5 Evaluaci\u00f3n de posibles efectos econ\u00f3micos de la transici\u00f3n hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 92 Mandato e importancia de tener una estrategia de largo plazo 4.1 Resiliencia socioecol\u00f3gica como fundamento para la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica P\u00e1gina 101 \u25c6 4.2 Cons- trucci\u00f3n participativa de la Estrategia Clim\u00e1tica de Largo Plazo E2050 P\u00e1gina 108 \u25c6 4.3 El camino colombiano hacia la carbono neutralidad P\u00e1gina 111 Bases para la construcci\u00f3n de un futuro resiliente al clima en Colombia fundamentales La visi\u00f3n de ColombiaMensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores. Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la m\u00e1s reciente NDC de Colombia.", "answer": { "text": "A 2050 Colombia ambiciona transformarse en una sociedad y una econom\u00eda resiliente al clima, es decir, carbono neutral y con alta capacidad adaptativa en sus territorios y sectores.", "answer_start": 358 @@ -295,7 +1639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050, it is necessary to achieve the emissions target presented in Colombia\u2019s most recent NDC. To this end, it is essential that national emissions reach their highest (peak) level by 2030 and begin a decreasing trajectory. For general actionE2050 Strategic messages of the E2050 Compared to the National Government\u2019s plan for economic rehabilitation in the face of the crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the figures for 2021 and 2022 are very similar to the expected annual loss (PAE) in the face of prioritized climate threats. Early action (from today to 5 years) is key to achieving the carbon neutrality targets by half a century.", + "context": "Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la m\u00e1s reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel m\u00e1s alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento. Para la acci\u00f3n generalE2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 En comparaci\u00f3n con el plan de rehabilitaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la p\u00e9rdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas clim\u00e1ticas priorizadas. La acci\u00f3n temprana (de hoy a 5 a\u00f1os) es clave para lograr los objetivos de carbono neutralidad hacia mitad de siglo.", "answer": { "text": "Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la m\u00e1s reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel m\u00e1s alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -311,7 +1655,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The strengthening of the bioeconomy can be presented as an excellent opportunity for this purpose.E2050 Strategic messages of the E2050 In order to meet the requirements of science (1.5 to 2\u00b0C), by 2050 Colombia needs to reduce GHG emissions in the network by 90% compared to 2015 emissions, and balance the remaining 10% with national proportional removals (10%), in order to achieve a zero net balance between emissions and removals of greenhouse gases (carbon equivalents) from the year 2050. Carbon neutrality is an effort of all sectors and territories. Electricity must play a very important role in a carbon neutral future.", + "context": "Se deben fomentar las exportaciones no tradicionales, para buscar la com- pensaci\u00f3n de la balanza comercial. El fortalecimiento de la bioeconom\u00eda puede presentarse como una excelen- te oportunidad para este prop\u00f3sito.E2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 Para cumplir con lo requerido por la ciencia (1.5 a 2 \u00b0C), al 2050 Colombia requiere reducir las emisiones GEI en al rededor del 90 % respecto de las emisiones del 2015, y balancear el 10 % restante con absorciones nacionales proporcionales (10 %), para alcanzar un balance neto cero entre emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero (carbono equivalentes) a partir del a\u00f1o 2050. La carbono neutralidad es un esfuerzo de todos los sectores y territorios. La electricidad deber\u00e1 jugar un papel muy importante en un futuro carbono neutral.", "answer": { "text": "Para cumplir con lo requerido por la ciencia (1.5 a 2 \u00b0C), al 2050 Colombia requiere reducir las emisiones GEI en al rededor del 90 % respecto de las emisiones del 2015, y balancear el 10 % restante con absorciones nacionales proporcionales (10 %), para alcanzar un balance neto cero entre emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero (carbono equivalentes) a partir del a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer_start": 36 @@ -711,7 +2055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In short, the coherence of the legislative and policy framework with the objective of climate neutrality by 2050 must be ensured.", + "context": ": une gouvernance efficace et la participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition (loi relative au climat, pacte climat) ; fournir les incitations n\u00e9cessaires par le biais de la politique fiscale (principe du pollueur- payeur, taxe CO2 , taxation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et des ressources) ; int\u00e9grer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l\u2019Etat et garantir des finances publiques durables (investissements dans les infrastructures cl\u00e9s, flux financiers compatibles avec un profil d\u2019\u00e9volution vers un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de GES) ; consolider le r\u00f4le pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019Etat et des communes en d\u00e9veloppant les march\u00e9s publics durables (b\u00e2timents publics durables, sains et circulaires, v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2040) ; exploiter la fonction coordinatrice intersectorielle de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement territorial et urbain (programme directeur d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, centres de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u2019attraction et d\u00e9concentration concentr\u00e9e, consultation \u00ab Luxembourg in Transition \u00bb) ; mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l\u2019innovation et la digitalisation (strat\u00e9gie nationale de la recherche et de l\u2019innovation, t\u00e9l\u00e9travail) ; favoriser l\u2019engagement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e9toffer le r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la formation (participation des citoyens et des consommateurs, transfert de connaissances et d\u00e9veloppement de comp\u00e9tences) ; ainsi que consolider le cadre UE en faveur de l\u2019action pour le climat (paquet l\u00e9gislatif \u00ab Delivering the European Green Deal \u00bb, normes de performance des v\u00e9hicules, exigences en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9coconception). En bref, la coh\u00e9rence du cadre l\u00e9gislatif et politique avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 devra \u00eatre assur\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", "answer_start": 233 @@ -727,7 +2071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In short, the coherence of the legislative and policy framework with the objective of climate neutrality by 2050 will have to be ensured, followed by the guidelines and the main areas of action and strategic measures to guide the transformation in all the sectors concerned (A selection of the levers and instruments described in the strategy is given in parentheses): Towards climate neutrality in 2050 7 / 97 1. Energy system 1. The principle of the primacy of energy efficiency (reduction of energy consumption, mechanism of energy efficiency obligations) 2. Maximised deployment of renewable energies (solar and wind energy, European cooperation) and the potential role of renewable hydrogen (hydrogen strategy, decarbonisation of hard-to-electrify activities) 3.", + "context": "En bref, la coh\u00e9rence du cadre l\u00e9gislatif et politique avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 devra \u00eatre assur\u00e9e. Ensuite, sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s les lignes directrices et les principaux champs d\u2019action et mesures strat\u00e9giques pour guider la transformation dans tous les secteurs concern\u00e9s (Entre parenth\u00e8ses est \u00e9voqu\u00e9e une s\u00e9lection des leviers et instruments d\u00e9crits dans la strat\u00e9gie.) :Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 7 / 97 1. Syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique 1. Principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (r\u00e9duction de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, m\u00e9canisme d\u2019obligations en mati\u00e8re d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique) 2. D\u00e9ploiement maximis\u00e9 des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (\u00e9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne, coop\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne) et r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable (strat\u00e9gie hydrog\u00e8ne, d\u00e9carbonisation d\u2019activit\u00e9s difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier) 3.", "answer": { "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", "answer_start": 10 @@ -743,7 +2087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "205 In May 2020, the European Commission published Communication COM(2020) 381 final: A \u2018From farm to table\u2019 strategy for a fair, healthy and environmentally friendly food system 206 MECDD, 2020: \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy, ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020: \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019: National Strategy Urban Farming Luxembourg, climate neutrality in 2050 79 / 97 The common agricultural policy (CAP) and its implementation at national level must support farmers in improving their environmental and climate performance in line with the objective of climate neutrality by 2050, including by increasing incentives for sustainable investments and agricultural practices and by progressively strengthening mandatory environmental standards.", + "context": "205 La Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 en mai 2020 la communication COM(2020) 381 final : Une strat\u00e9gie \u00ab De la ferme \u00e0 la table \u00bb pour un syst\u00e8me alimentaire \u00e9quitable, sain et respectueux de l\u2019environnement. 206 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Strat\u00e9gie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en coh\u00e9rence avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050, y compris par l\u2019incitation accrue \u00e0 des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires.", "answer": { "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", "answer_start": 104 @@ -759,7 +2103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "206 MECDD, 2020: Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg Strategy, resourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020: Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg Strategy, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019: National Strategy Urban Farming Luxembourg, climate neutrality in 2050 79 / 97 The common agricultural policy (CAP) and its implementation at national level must support farmers in improving their environmental and climate performance in line with the objective of climate neutrality by 2050, including through increased incentives for sustainable agricultural investments and practices and the progressive strengthening of mandatory environmental standards. CAP funds should be reallocated to activities and measures promoting the transition of agricultural production.", + "context": "206 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, ressourcen/null-offall-letzebuerg.html, p. 48 207 MECDD, 2020 : Strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb, p. 38 209 Neobuild, 2019 : Strat\u00e9gie nationale Urban Farming Luxembourg, la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 79 / 97 La politique agricole commune (PAC) et sa mise en pratique au niveau national doivent soutenir les agriculteurs \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs performances environnementales et climatiques en coh\u00e9rence avec l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050, y compris par l\u2019incitation accrue \u00e0 des investissements et pratiques agricoles durables et par le renforcement progressif des normes environnementales obligatoires. Les fonds de la PAC sont \u00e0 r\u00e9allouer vers les activit\u00e9s et mesures promouvant la transition de la production agricole.", "answer": { "text": "l\u2019objectif de la neutralit\u00e9 climatique \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", "answer_start": 69 @@ -791,7 +2135,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf", - "context": "- SF6 emissions have increased from 3.6 E-6 kt in 1990 (4.1 E-6 kt in 1995) to 5.4 E-6 kt in 2018. Distribution of GHG emissions by gas in 2018Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment Evolution of GHG emissions by gas between 1990 and 2018Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment 2.2 Objectives for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 2030 The Principality of Monaco has set itself the objective, within the framework of this National Determined Contribution, of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030.Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment 2.3 Main policies and measures In order to achieve its objectives by 2030, the Principality of Monaco has already implemented important policies and measures.", + "context": "- Les \u00e9missions de SF6 sont pass\u00e9es de 3,6 E-6 kt en 1990 (4,1 E-6 kt en 1995) \u00e0 5,4 E-6 kt en 2018. R\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions de GES par gaz en 2018Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement Evolution des \u00e9missions de GES par gaz entre 1990 et 2018Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement 2.2 Objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 2030 La Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco s\u2019est fix\u00e9e comme objectif, dans le cadre de la pr\u00e9sente Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National, de r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de 55% en 2030.Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement 2.3 Principales Politiques et Mesures Pour l\u2019atteinte de ses objectifs \u00e0 horizon 2030, la Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco a d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis en \u0153uvre d\u2019importantes politiques et mesures.", "answer": { "text": "De r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de 55% en 2030.", "answer_start": 90 @@ -807,7 +2151,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf", - "context": "Distribution of GHG emissions by gas in 2018Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment Evolution of GHG emissions by gas between 1990 and 2018Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment 2.2 Objectives for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 The Principality of Monaco has set itself the objective, within the framework of this Determined contribution at national level, of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030.Determined contribution at national level Directorate of the Environment 2.3 Main policies and measures In order to achieve its 2030 targets, the Principality of Monaco has already implemented important policies and measures, which also aim to place the territory in a trend of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050.", + "context": "R\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions de GES par gaz en 2018Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement Evolution des \u00e9missions de GES par gaz entre 1990 et 2018Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement 2.2 Objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 2030 La Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco s\u2019est fix\u00e9e comme objectif, dans le cadre de la pr\u00e9sente Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National, de r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de 55% en 2030.Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National Direction de l\u2019Environnement 2.3 Principales Politiques et Mesures Pour l\u2019atteinte de ses objectifs \u00e0 horizon 2030, la Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco a d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis en \u0153uvre d\u2019importantes politiques et mesures. Ces politiques visent \u00e9galement \u00e0 inscrire le territoire dans une tendance de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour parvenir \u00e0 la neutralit\u00e9 carbone en 2050.", "answer": { "text": "De r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de 55% en 2030.", "answer_start": 66 @@ -1031,7 +2375,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "The update now being presented responds to the previously discussed Glasgow Climate Pact, and strengthens the medium-term commitment to ensure neutrality in 2050. Type of Commitment: Medium- and Long-Term Vision The medium-term commitment for 2030, quantified as an absolute reduction in non-absorbed emissions relative to the Business as usual scenario defined in Andorra's First Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC (2014), is strengthened, moving from the previously assumed target of a 37% reduction to a 55% reduction by 2030 relative to a non-moving scenario (NMS).", + "context": "La actualizaci\u00f3n que ahora se presenta responde al Pacto por el Clima de Glasgow anteriormente comentado, y refuerza el compromiso a medio plazo para asegurar conseguir la neutralidad en el 2050. Tipo de compromiso: visi\u00f3n a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducci\u00f3n cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualizaci\u00f3n de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducci\u00f3n del 37% a una reducci\u00f3n del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza as\u00ed el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualizaci\u00f3n de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer": { "text": "pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducci\u00f3n del 37% a una reducci\u00f3n del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).", "answer_start": 82 @@ -1047,7 +2391,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "Type of commitment: medium- and long-term vision The medium-term reduction for 2030, quantified in an absolute value relative to unabsorbed emissions compared to the Business as usual scenario defined in the First Biennial Update Report of Andorra to the UNFCCC (2014), is strengthened, moving from the previously assumed target of a 37% reduction to a 55% reduction for 2030 compared to a non-moving scenario (NMS).", + "context": "Tipo de compromiso: visi\u00f3n a mediano y a largo plazo Se refuerza a mediano plazo para el 2030, la reducci\u00f3n cuantificada en un valor absoluto relativo a las emisiones no absorbidas respecto el escenario Business as usual definido en el Primer informe bianual de actualizaci\u00f3n de Andorra a la CMNUCC (2014), pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducci\u00f3n del 37% a una reducci\u00f3n del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).Se mantiene y refuerza as\u00ed el compromiso ya adquirido en la primera actualizaci\u00f3n de la NDC a largo plazo para el 2050, buscando la neutralidad en carbono, es decir el equilibrio entre las emisiones y las absorciones para el a\u00f1o 2050. As\u00ed, el per\u00edodo de implantaci\u00f3n para los objetivos de mitigaci\u00f3n se divide en dos periodos, el primero a corto y mediano plazo que comprende desde el a\u00f1o 2020 al a\u00f1o 2030, y el segundo, a largo plazo, que comprende desde el a\u00f1o 2031 al a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer": { "text": "pasando del objetivo previamente asumido de una reducci\u00f3n del 37% a una reducci\u00f3n del 55% para el 2030 respecto un escenario inmovilista (BAU).", "answer_start": 51 @@ -1111,7 +2455,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Burkina Faso, as part of its new ambitions, considered an unconditional and a conditional scenario. The country commits, in relation to its mitigation actions, to reduce its GHG emissions by 31682.3 Gg CO2eq by 2030, i.e. 29.42% compared to the Business As Usual scenario. This commitment is 21074.94 Gg CO2eq for the unconditional scenario, i.e. 19.60%, and 10557.91 Gg CO2eq for the conditional scenario, i.e. 9.82%.", + "context": "Le Burkina Faso, au titre de ses nouvelles ambitions, a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 un scenario inconditionnel et un scenario conditionnel. Le pays s\u2019engage, en rapport avec ses actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation, \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de GES de 31682,3 Gg CO2eq \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 soit 29,42% par rapport au scenario Business As Usual. Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60% et de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%. Comparativement \u00e0 la CDN de 2015 qui \u00e9tait de 18,2%, l\u2019Etat burkinab\u00e8 a rehauss\u00e9 ses ambitions de 11,22%.", "answer": { "text": "Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60%", "answer_start": 49 @@ -1127,7 +2471,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf", - "context": "National priorities, policies and programmes have been defined in terms of adaptation to climate change (UNDP Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, Preliminary NAP, etc.). b) Mitigation With regard to mitigation, Burundi had committed to a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BBS), corresponding to a 3% reduction (1,958 Gg ECO2) under its unconditional target and 20% (14,897 Gg ECO2) under its conditional target.", + "context": "Les besoins en adaptation identifi\u00e9s dans la CDN 2015 concernaient la foresterie, le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s humaines, institutionnelles, techniques et financi\u00e8res et le transfert des technologies. Des priorit\u00e9s, des politiques et des programmes nationaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis en termes d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PND Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, PNA pr\u00e9liminaire etc). b) Att\u00e9nuation Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel.", "answer": { "text": "Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2)", "answer_start": 55 @@ -1143,7 +2487,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf", - "context": "(b) Mitigation With regard to mitigation, Burundi had committed itself to a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BAU), corresponding to a 3% reduction (1,958 Gg CO2) under its unconditional target and a 20% reduction (14,897 Gg CO2) under its conditional target. According to the UNFCCC 2015, the establishment of the BAU referred to assumptions relating to the growth of the national economy (GDP), population growth and the rate of electrification contained in the above-mentioned documents. Some of these documents and many others developed served as the basis for the establishment of the BAU of the UNFCCC 2020.", + "context": "b) Att\u00e9nuation Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel. Selon la CDN 2015, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du BAU s\u2019est r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 aux hypoth\u00e8ses en rapport avec la croissance de l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale (PIB), la croissance d\u00e9mographique ainsi que le taux de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification contenu dans les documents ci-haut cit\u00e9s. Certains de ces documents et bien d\u2019autres \u00e9labor\u00e9s ont servi de base pour l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du BAU de la CDN 2020.", "answer": { "text": "Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2)", "answer_start": 2 @@ -1159,7 +2503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf", - "context": "Thus, under the trend scenario, the evolution of sequestration greenhouse gas emissions over the same horizons is 730 714 GgCO2 and 733 607 GgCO2, respectively.2 The mitigation measures taken will, under the unconditional scenario, result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 9.03% and 11.82%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline, and under the conditional scenario 14.64% and 24.28%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline.", + "context": "Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une \u00e9volution des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de s\u00e9questration sur les m\u00eames horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. La CDN de la RCA s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte dur\u00e9e de vie (PCCVD), pour \u00e9largir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.", "answer": { "text": "Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 33 @@ -1175,7 +2519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf", - "context": "Thus, under the trend scenario, the evolution of sequestration greenhouse gas emissions over the same horizons is 730 714 GgCO2 and 733 607 GgCO2, respectively.2 The mitigation measures taken will, under the unconditional scenario, result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 9.03% and 11.82%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline, and under the conditional scenario 14.64% and 24.28%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline.", + "context": "Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une \u00e9volution des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de s\u00e9questration sur les m\u00eames horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. La CDN de la RCA s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte dur\u00e9e de vie (PCCVD), pour \u00e9largir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.", "answer": { "text": "Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 33 @@ -1255,7 +2599,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "BAU - Unconditional: - 5 104 ktCO2 vs. unconditional Transport: - Unconditional: - 2300 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Unconditional: - 2600 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Mines: - Unconditional: - 1 740 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Unconditional: - 1 160 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Waste: - Unconditional: - 34 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Unconditional: - 130 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional LULUCF: Biofuels: - Unconditional: - 2248 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Unconditional: - 4480ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Deforestation: - Unconditional: - 4200 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Unconditional: - 22500 ktCO2/year vs", + "context": "R\u00e9duction conditionnelle des \u00e9missions des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario BAU et suivant l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9chets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9forestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnelNiveau d\u2019att\u00e9nuation estim\u00e9 Hors UTCAFT, la R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer": { "text": "La R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 192 @@ -1271,7 +2615,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "- 2600 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Mines: - Unconditional: - 1,740 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 1,160 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Waste: - Unconditional: - 34 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 130 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional LULUCF: Biofuels: - Unconditional: - 2248 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 4480ktCO2 vs. unconditional Deforestation: - Unconditional: - 4200 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 22500 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Restoration: - Unconditional: 451 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 17,605 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Estimated Mitigation Level Outside", + "context": "Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9chets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9forestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnelNiveau d\u2019att\u00e9nuation estim\u00e9 Hors UTCAFT, la R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030. L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer": { "text": "La R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 175 @@ -1287,7 +2631,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20de%20Honduras_%20Primera%20Actualizaci%C3%B3n.pdf", - "context": "Honduras reserves the option of using cooperative and market-based approaches, including those of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, that include the use of international transfer mitigation results to meet its NDCs. Photo: Presidency House, 2020Departure from the BaU scenario Mitigation contribution M1 ODS contribution NDC objectives Honduras commits to a 16% reduction in emissions from the business as usual (BaU) scenario by 2030 for all sectors excluding UTCUTS. Honduras\u2019 ambition in this contribution is based on an analysis of the effects of key mitigation measures to be developed to achieve the contribution target.", + "context": "Contribuci\u00f3n sin\u00e9rgica S2: Reducci\u00f3n del consumo de le\u00f1a. Honduras se reserva la opci\u00f3n de hacer uso de enfoques cooperativos y de mercado, incluidos los del art\u00edculo 6 del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, que incluyan el uso de resultados de mitigaci\u00f3n de transferencia internacional para cumplir con su NDC. Foto: Casa Presidencial, 2020Desv\u00edo del escenario BaU Contribuci\u00f3n en mitigaci\u00f3n M1 Contribuci\u00f3n ODS Objetivos NDC Honduras se compromete a una reducci\u00f3n de un 16% de las emisiones respecto al escenario \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d (BaU) para el 2030 para todos los sectores sin incluir UTCUTS. La ambici\u00f3n de Honduras en esta contribuci\u00f3n se basa en el an\u00e1lisis de los efectos de las principales medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n a desarrollar para alcanzar el objetivo de la contribuci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Honduras se compromete a una reducci\u00f3n de un 16% de las emisiones respecto al escenario \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d (BaU) para el 2030 para todos los sectores sin incluir UTCUTS.", "answer_start": 62 @@ -1399,7 +2743,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2035", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using", + "context": "RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).", "answer": { "text": "indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035", "answer_start": 230 @@ -1415,7 +2759,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2035", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using", + "context": "The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). \u00be Focus in the short and medium term on RMI\u2019s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; \u00be Act to reduce RMI\u2019s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; \u00be Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; \u00be Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; \u00be Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; \u00be Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; \u00be Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; \u00be Include health considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years \u2013 including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs \u2013 at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and \u00be Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.", "answer": { "text": "indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035", "answer_start": 196 @@ -1479,7 +2823,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150721%20RMI%20INDC%20JULY%202015%20FINAL%20SUBMITTED.pdf", - "context": "RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025. RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s", + "context": "RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025. RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country\u2019s first National Climate Change Dialogue and three rounds of stakeholder consultations.", "answer": { "text": "32% below 2010 levels by 2025", "answer_start": 16 @@ -1495,7 +2839,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/150721%20RMI%20INDC%20JULY%202015%20FINAL%20SUBMITTED.pdf", - "context": "RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country\u2019s first National Climate Change", + "context": "RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY & UNDERSTANDING Parameter Information Timeframe and/or period for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2 -e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Coverage % national emissions Sectors Energy - Electricity Generation - Transport (land and shipping) - Other (cooking and lighting) Waste [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible] Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ) Nitrous Oxide (N2 O) [Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible] Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet target No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s forthcoming Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country\u2019s first National Climate Change Dialogue and three rounds of stakeholder consultations. This process has produced genuine national ownership of the INDC and highlighted synergies with other UNFCCC-related processes, including National Communications, Biennial Update Reports, National Adaptation Planning, and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).", "answer": { "text": "32% below 2010 levels by 2025", "answer_start": 74 @@ -1511,7 +2855,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf", - "context": "For example, Mauritania\u2019s updated CDN projects a net reduction in economy-wide GHG emissions of 11% in 2030 compared to the baseline scenario with the country\u2019s own resources supported by international support comparable to that received up to 2020. With greater support, Mauritania could ensure its carbon neutrality, up to a conditional reduction of 92% compared to the OAU. The total cost of this ambition is estimated at US$ 34255 million, of which US$ 635 million is unconditional, or 1.85%.", + "context": "Ce potentiel est constitu\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9norme gisement de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre, \u00e9olienne et solaire. Ainsi, la CDN actualis\u00e9e de la Mauritanie pr\u00e9voit une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable \u00e0 celui re\u00e7u jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2020. Avec un appui plus cons\u00e9quent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralit\u00e9 carbone, allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU. Le co\u00fbt global de cette ambition est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 34255 Million US$ dont 635 Million US$ est inconditionnel soit 1,85%.", "answer": { "text": "Ainsi, la CDN actualis\u00e9e de la Mauritanie pr\u00e9voit une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable \u00e0 celui re\u00e7u jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2020.", "answer_start": 14 @@ -1543,7 +2887,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "For the 2010 base year, the base year emission level was 72,979 Gg CO2 equivalents. NA A net economy-wide reduction in GHG emissions of 18.3% in 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BSC), with the country\u2019s own resources supported by international support compared to that received up to 2020. With greater support, Morocco could achieve an emission reduction of 45.5% compared to the BSC. The quantification of the baseline indicators was based on data from the national GHG emissions inventory to be reported in the Fourth National Communication.", + "context": "Pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010, Le niveau d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e9tait de 72 979 Gg d\u2019\u00e9quivalents CO2. NA Une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CNA), avec les moyens propres du pays appuy\u00e9 par un soutien international comparatif \u00e0 celui re\u00e7u jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2020. Avec un soutien plus cons\u00e9quent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA. La quantification des indicateurs de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence a \u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019inventaire national des \u00e9missions des GES qui sera communiqu\u00e9 dans la Quatri\u00e8me Communication Nationale. Une seule ann\u00e9e d\u2019objectif : 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 20 @@ -1575,7 +2919,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "See further details on our approach to carbon market cooperation. Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global e\ufb00 ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand\u2019s fi rst NDC covers 2021\u20132030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c", + "context": "See further details on our approach to carbon market cooperation. Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global e\ufb00 ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand\u2019s fi rst NDC covers 2021\u20132030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets is strictly limited Domesti c abatement will count towards meeti ng our NDC Long-term low-emissions development strategy High-level nati onal strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to be communicated under the Paris Agreement Emissions reductions plans provide the detail Detailed policies and strategies that focus on the next 5\u201315 years The fi rst plan published at the end of 2021 with a new plan published every fi ve years from 2024 Supplements the long-term low-emissions development strategy Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 13Emissions reduction plans 4 These targets were informed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u2019s special report on the impacts of global warming at 1.5\u00b0C.", "answer": { "text": "By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030", "answer_start": 100 @@ -1591,7 +2935,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NZL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global e\ufb00 ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand\u2019s fi rst NDC covers 2021\u20132030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets", + "context": "Paris Agreement An international agreement for the global response to climate change Zero Carbon Framework A domestic framework for reducing our emissions Goals: Hold global average temperature rise to 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and pursue eff orts to limit temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Net zero emissions in the second half of the century Increase resilience and make global fi nancial fl ows consistent with low-emissions and climate-resilient development Goals: Contribute to eff orts to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5\u00b0C Transiti on Aotearoa to a low-emissions and climate-resilient economy By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards the global e\ufb00 ort Countries must communicate their contributi ons to the global response to climate change New Zealand\u2019s fi rst NDC covers 2021\u20132030 Contributi ons can be achieved through both domesti c acti on (emissions reducti ons and removals) and internati onal cooperati on (off shore miti gati on) Emissions budgets focus on cutting domestic emissions Aim to meet our domesti c and internati onal commitments To be met through domesti c emissions reducti ons and removals; access to internati onal markets is strictly limited Domesti c abatement will count towards meeti ng our NDC Long-term low-emissions development strategy High-level nati onal strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to be communicated under the Paris Agreement Emissions reductions plans provide the detail Detailed policies and strategies that focus on the next 5\u201315 years The fi rst plan published at the end of 2021 with a new plan published every fi ve years from 2024 Supplements the long-term low-emissions development strategy Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 13Emissions reduction plans 4 These targets were informed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u2019s special report on the impacts of global warming at 1.5\u00b0C. Emissions reduction plans are one of the main requirements in the Zero Carbon Framework (figure 3).", "answer": { "text": "By 2050, long-lived greenhouse gases are net zero and biogenic methane emissions are 24\u201347% below 2017 levels, and 10% below by 2030", "answer_start": 90 @@ -1639,7 +2983,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf", - "context": "\u201cBusiness as Usual scenario deviation\u201d Global target 20% reductions based on projected emissions behaviour by 2030 - Unilateral target: 10% reduction in projected emissions by 2030 - Conditional target: 10% reduction in projected emissions to the Baseline Reference point: IPCC baseline year 2000 presented in the Second National Communication Emissions projection - IPCC baseline year 2011: 140 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents (revised) - IPCC baseline year 2020: 232 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents (revised) - IPCC baseline year 2030: 416 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents (revised) Achievement Sectors: all sectors cited in the IPCC methodological guidelines for conducting greenhouse gas inventories.", + "context": "\u201cDesviaci\u00f3n del escenario de Business as Usual\u201d Meta Global 20% de reducciones en base al comportamiento de las emisiones proyectadas al 2030. - Meta Unilateral: 10% de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones proyectadas al 2030 - Meta Condicionada: 10% de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones proyectadas al L\u00ednea Base Punto de Referencia: INGEI a\u00f1o base 2000 presentado en la Segunda Comunicaci\u00f3n Nacional. Proyecci\u00f3n de emisiones - INGEI proyectado a\u00f1o base 2011: 140 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisi\u00f3n) - INGEI proyectado a\u00f1o base 2020: 232 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisi\u00f3n) - INGEI proyectado a\u00f1o base 2030: 416 Millones de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes (en revisi\u00f3n) Alcance Sectores: todos los sectores citados en las gu\u00edas metodol\u00f3gicas del IPCC para la realizaci\u00f3n de los inventarios de gases de efecto invernadero.", "answer": { "text": "Meta Unilateral: 10% de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones proyectadas al 2030", "answer_start": 23 @@ -1671,7 +3015,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "* MEMO items include emissions from aviation and electricity import Specific objectives Based on current sectoral greenhouse gas emissions and available measures and technologies, the contribution of each sector to the achievement of the overall national target, is defined through the adoption of the following sectoral GHG emissions reductions or limitations objectives to be achieved by 2050 compared to 1990: \u2022 Energy sector: -64% (excluding MEMO items) A Long-term Vision The Republic of North Macedonia is, by 2050, a prosperous, low carbon economy, following sustainable and climate resilient development pathways, enhancing competitiveness and promoting social cohesion through action to combat climate change and its impacts. A long-term objective quantifying North Macedonia\u2019s contribution to the global effort Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia\u2019s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Industrial Process and Product Use sector: \u2022 Agriculture sector: -34% \u2022 Carbon sink in forests and other land uses: \u2022", + "context": "* MEMO items include emissions from aviation and electricity import Specific objectives Based on current sectoral greenhouse gas emissions and available measures and technologies, the contribution of each sector to the achievement of the overall national target, is defined through the adoption of the following sectoral GHG emissions reductions or limitations objectives to be achieved by 2050 compared to 1990: \u2022 Energy sector: -64% (excluding MEMO items) A Long-term Vision The Republic of North Macedonia is, by 2050, a prosperous, low carbon economy, following sustainable and climate resilient development pathways, enhancing competitiveness and promoting social cohesion through action to combat climate change and its impacts. A long-term objective quantifying North Macedonia\u2019s contribution to the global effort Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia\u2019s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Industrial Process and Product Use sector: \u2022 Agriculture sector: -34% \u2022 Carbon sink in forests and other land uses: \u2022 Waste sector: -2% Reducing Republic of North Macedonia\u2019s vulnerability to climate change impacts will require the definition and implementation of measures related to nearly every aspect of policy, including sectors as diverse as human health, cultural heritage and biodiversity.", "answer": { "text": "Reduction of national net GHG emissions (including Forestry and Other Land Use and excluding MEMO items*) of 72% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels (or GHG emission reduction of 42% by 2050 compared to 1990, excluding FOLU and MEMO items) and increased resilience of North Macedonia\u2019s society, economy and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change.", "answer_start": 116 @@ -1703,7 +3047,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional reduction of emissions from a BAU scenario and beyond base year Unconditional reduction of emissions from a BAU scenario and beyond base year Base year 2010 Implementation period Covered sectors All sectors (IPCC 2006) - Energy (electricity generation, domestic fuels, energy efficiency, transportation) - Industrial processes, - Waste, - AFAT (agriculture, forestry and land use) Emission inventory methodology: IPCC 2006 Sectoral targets Energy: Unconditional target 7.6 and 10%, Conditional target 35.4 and 41.2% Agriculture Unconditional target 1.72 and 2.36% Conditional target 8.76 and 11.98 % Waste Unconditional target 10.99 and 11% Conditional target 65.28 and 65.28% Industrial processes and product use Unconditional target 0% Conditional target 4 and 8.1% Aggregation of sectoral targets Unconditional target", + "context": "R\u00e9duction inconditionnelle des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario BAU et suivant l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. R\u00e9duction conditionnelle des \u00e9missions des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario BAU et suivant l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Ann\u00e9e de base 2010 P\u00e9riode de Mise en \u0153uvre Secteurs couverts Tous les secteurs (IPCC 2006) - \u00c9nergie (production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, combustibles domestiques, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, Transport) - Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels, - D\u00e9chets, - AFAT (Agriculture, Foresterie et utilisation terres) M\u00e9thodologie d\u2019inventaire des \u00e9missions : IPCC 2006 Objectifs sectoriels \u00c9nergie : Objectif inconditionnel 7,6 et 10%, Objectif conditionnel 35,4 et 41,2% Agriculture Objectif inconditionnel 1,72 et 2,36% Objectif conditionnel 8,76 et 11,98 % D\u00e9chets Objectif inconditionnel 10,99 et 11% Objectif conditionnel 65,28 et 65,28% Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits Objectif inconditionnel 0% Objectif conditionnel 4 et 8,1% Agr\u00e9gation des objectifs sectoriels Objectif inconditionnel 5 et 7% de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030 Objectif conditionnel 23,7 et 29,5 % de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030Les \u00e9missions de GES de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de base 2010 (BAU) se r\u00e9partissent comme suit : (voir tableau 13) Tableau 13 : R\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions de GES en 2010 Secteur Niveau d\u2019\u00e9missions en Gg Pourcentage Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits 1412 8 NB : Les \u00e9missions nettes du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal en 2010 sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 3 925 Gg CO2e.", "answer": { "text": "5 et 7% de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030", "answer_start": 133 @@ -1719,7 +3063,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "Conditional reduction of emissions from a BAU scenario and beyond base year Base year 2010 Implementation period Sectors covered All sectors (IPCC 2006) - Energy (electricity generation, domestic fuels, energy efficiency, transport) - Industrial processes, - Waste, - AFAT (agriculture, forestry and land use) Emission inventory methodology: IPCC 2006 Sectoral targets Energy: Unconditional target 7.6 and 10%, Conditional target 35.4 and 41.2% Agriculture Unconditional target 1.72 and 2.36% Conditional target 8.76 and 11.98 % Waste Unconditional target 10.99 and 11% Conditional target 65.28 and 65.28% Industrial processes and Product Use Unconditional target 0% Conditional target 4 and 8.1% Aggregation of sectoral targets Unconditional target 5 and 7% GHG emission reductions respectively in 2025 and 2030 Conditional target 23.", + "context": "R\u00e9duction conditionnelle des \u00e9missions des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario BAU et suivant l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Ann\u00e9e de base 2010 P\u00e9riode de Mise en \u0153uvre Secteurs couverts Tous les secteurs (IPCC 2006) - \u00c9nergie (production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, combustibles domestiques, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, Transport) - Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels, - D\u00e9chets, - AFAT (Agriculture, Foresterie et utilisation terres) M\u00e9thodologie d\u2019inventaire des \u00e9missions : IPCC 2006 Objectifs sectoriels \u00c9nergie : Objectif inconditionnel 7,6 et 10%, Objectif conditionnel 35,4 et 41,2% Agriculture Objectif inconditionnel 1,72 et 2,36% Objectif conditionnel 8,76 et 11,98 % D\u00e9chets Objectif inconditionnel 10,99 et 11% Objectif conditionnel 65,28 et 65,28% Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits Objectif inconditionnel 0% Objectif conditionnel 4 et 8,1% Agr\u00e9gation des objectifs sectoriels Objectif inconditionnel 5 et 7% de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030 Objectif conditionnel 23,7 et 29,5 % de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030Les \u00e9missions de GES de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de base 2010 (BAU) se r\u00e9partissent comme suit : (voir tableau 13) Tableau 13 : R\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions de GES en 2010 Secteur Niveau d\u2019\u00e9missions en Gg Pourcentage Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits 1412 8 NB : Les \u00e9missions nettes du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal en 2010 sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 3 925 Gg CO2e. Figure 9 : r\u00e9partition des \u00e9missions en Gg de GES en 2010 Repartition des \u00e9missions Globales (sans Foresterie) de GES CDN en 2010 Energie Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels Dechets AgricultureLe secteur agricole repr\u00e9sente presque la moiti\u00e9 des \u00e9missions du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal en 2010.", "answer": { "text": "5 et 7% de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement en 2025 et 2030", "answer_start": 118 @@ -1751,7 +3095,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revisee%20Haiti%202022.pdf", - "context": "Indicator values may be updated in future inventory reports in the event of new data and/or methodological improvements. 2. Timelines and/or implementation deadlines a. Implementation schedule and/or period, including start and end dates, in accordance with any other relevant decision adopted by the WCA. b. Whether an annual or multi-year target, as appropriate. The target year is 2030. 3. Perimeter and coverage a. General description of the mitigation target. Reduction of 6032 ktCO2e by 2030 on a conditional basis, representing a net reduction of 32% compared to the baseline scenario. This represents an increase from the initial NCD of 31%.", + "context": "Les valeurs des indicateurs pourront \u00eatre mises \u00e0 jour dans les prochains rapports d\u2019inventaires en cas de disposition de nouvelles donn\u00e9es et/ou d\u2019am\u00e9lioration m\u00e9thodologique. 2. D\u00e9lais et/ou d\u00e9lais de mise en \u0153uvre a. Calendrier et/ou p\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre, y compris les dates de d\u00e9but et de fin, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 toute autre d\u00e9cision pertinente adopt\u00e9e par la CMA. b. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019un objectif annuel ou pluriannuel, selon le cas. L\u2019ann\u00e9e d\u2019objectif est 2030. 3. P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et couverture a. Description g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019objectif d\u2019att\u00e9nuation. R\u00e9duction de 6032 ktCO2e \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de mani\u00e8re conditionnelle, repr\u00e9sentant une r\u00e9duction nette de 32% par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Ce qui repr\u00e9sente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui \u00e9tait de 31%.", "answer": { "text": "R\u00e9duction de 6032 ktCO2e \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de mani\u00e8re conditionnelle, repr\u00e9sentant une r\u00e9duction nette de 32% par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Ce qui repr\u00e9sente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui \u00e9tait de 31%", "answer_start": 84 @@ -1879,7 +3223,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Furthermore, in order to ensure low-carbon sustainable development, Togo is committed to an ambitious climate change programme, the activities of which require sustained support from its technical and financial partners (capacity building, technology transfer and diffusion, and financial resources). \u2756 Unconditional contribution The results of the analysis of sectoral reductions indicate that Togo can commit itself to an unconditional contribution to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20.51% by 2030, i.e. 6 236.02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13; Table 11).", + "context": "Par ailleurs, afin d\u2019assurer un d\u00e9veloppement durable sobre en carbone, le Togo s\u2019est engag\u00e9 dans un ambitieux programme de lutte contre les changements climatiques dont les activit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitent un appui soutenu de ses partenaires techniques et financiers (renforcement de capacit\u00e9, transfert et diffusion de technologie, et ressources financi\u00e8res). \u2756 Contribution inconditionnelle Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9ductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s\u2019engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11).", "answer": { "text": "dans une contribution inconditionnelle de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq", "answer_start": 64 @@ -1895,7 +3239,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "\u2756 Unconditional Contribution The results of the analysis of sectoral reductions indicate that Togo can commit itself unconditionally to a reduction of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 20.51% by 2030, i.e. 6,236.02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13; Table 11). \u2756 Conditional Contribution In the proposed approach for the mitigation scenario, the Togolese State undertakes, if it receives the required support, to achieve an additional reduction of 30.06% in GHG emissions compared to the reference scenario by 2030, i.e. 9,305.59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), without jeopardising its policy of food self-sufficiency by proceeding in such a way as not to jeopardise its sustainable development.", + "context": "\u2756 Contribution inconditionnelle Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9ductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s\u2019engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11). \u2756 Contribution conditionnelle Dans l\u2019approche propos\u00e9e pour le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation, l\u2019Etat togolais s\u2019engage, s\u2019il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien requis, de r\u00e9aliser une diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de 30,06% des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire en proc\u00e9dant de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas compromettre son d\u00e9veloppement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des r\u00e9ductions globales des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u2756 Contribution globale De fa\u00e7on globale, la contribution du Togo s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9partie comme suit : \u2713 Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; \u2713 Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%.", "answer": { "text": "dans une contribution inconditionnelle de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq", "answer_start": 16 @@ -1911,7 +3255,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "Financing Requirements The implementation of the updated NCD will require the mobilisation of substantial financial resources, estimated at approximately USD 19.4 billion over the period 2021-2030, including USD 14.4 billion for mitigation, USD 4.3 billion for adaptation and USD 0.7 billion for capacity-building actions.Tunisia\u2019s updated NCD CURRENT TUNisiaN CONTRIBUTION TO MITIGATION 1.Type of objective % reduction in carbon intensity compared to base year Target year Implementation period Base year Overall objective of the NCD Tunisia\u2019s contribution to mitigation results in a 45% reduction in its carbon intensity in 2030 compared to 2010 (Figure 1) Unconditional and conditional mitigation objectives Tunisia\u2019s unconditional contribution corresponds to a 27% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to base year 2010, which is well above the first NCD or the uncondition", + "context": "Besoins de financement La mise en \u0153uvre de la CDN actualis\u00e9e n\u00e9cessitera la mobilisation d\u2019importantes ressources financi\u00e8res, estim\u00e9es \u00e0 environ 19,4 milliards USD sur la p\u00e9riode 2021-2030, dont 14,4 milliards USD pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, 4,3 milliards USD pour l\u2019adaptation et 0,7 milliards USD pour les actions de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s.CDN actualis\u00e9e de la TUNISIE \u0007LA CONTRIBUTION TUNISIENNE ACTUALIS\u00c9E EN MATI\u00c8RE D\u2019ATT\u00c9NUATION 1.Type d\u2019objectif % de baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone par rapport \u00e0 une ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Ann\u00e9e cible \u0007 P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre \u0007 Ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Objectif global de la CDN La contribution de la Tunisie en mati\u00e8re d\u2019att\u00e9nuation se mat\u00e9rialise par une baisse de 45% de son intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de 2010 (Figure 1). Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d\u2019att\u00e9nuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond \u00e0 une baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010, ce qui est tr\u00e8s largement au-dessus de la premi\u00e8re CDN ou l\u2019effort inconditionnel devait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer seulement 13% de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone.", "answer": { "text": "une baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010", "answer_start": 134 @@ -1927,7 +3271,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional and conditional mitigation targets Tunisia\u2019s unconditional contribution corresponds to a 27% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the 2010 base year, which is well above the first NDC or the unconditional effort was expected to generate only 13% reduction in carbon intensity. The conditional contribution allows for an additional 18% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the 2010 base year.", + "context": "Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d\u2019att\u00e9nuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond \u00e0 une baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010, ce qui est tr\u00e8s largement au-dessus de la premi\u00e8re CDN ou l\u2019effort inconditionnel devait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer seulement 13% de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone. La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010.", "answer": { "text": "une baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010", "answer_start": 13 @@ -1943,7 +3287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Although Uruguay contributes a very low percentage of total global greenhouse gas emissions, efforts to promote low-carbon development have always been present in the country's climate change policy and instruments and this is no exception.", + "context": "Si bien Uruguay aporta un porcentaje muy bajo al total de emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero, los esfuerzos por promover un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de carbono han estado siempre presentes en la pol\u00edtica e instrumentos de cambio clim\u00e1tico del pa\u00eds y \u00e9sta no es una excepci\u00f3n. Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos \u00faltimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producci\u00f3n de alimentos.", "answer": { "text": "Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos \u00faltimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producci\u00f3n de alimentos.", "answer_start": 49 @@ -1959,7 +3303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to contribute to the objective of limiting the increase in the global average temperature of the Paris Agreement, the Uruguay Strategy includes an aspirational scenario of CO2 neutrality by 2050 and scenarios of stability in emissions of CH4 and N2O, the latter two gases strongly linked to food production.", + "context": "Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos \u00faltimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producci\u00f3n de alimentos. Respecto a las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico, cabe destacar la importancia para Uruguay de aumentar la capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n y resiliencia de su sociedad, sistemas productivos y ecosistemas, y reducir la vulnerabilidad ante eventos clim\u00e1ticos adversos que ser\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s frecuentes.", "answer": { "text": "Para aportar al objetivo de limitar el aumento de la temperatura media global del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, la Estrategia de Uruguay incluye un escenario aspiracional de neutralidad de CO2 al 2050 y escenarios de estabilidad en la emisiones de CH4 y N2O, estos dos \u00faltimos gases fuertemente ligados a la producci\u00f3n de alimentos.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -2055,7 +3399,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/NDC%20Final_Serbia%20english.pdf", - "context": "In order to make comparisons with the first and the second NDC and changes in the greenhouse gases (hereinafter: GHG), the GHG emission is expressed compared to 1990. Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 \u2013 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f)", + "context": "In order to make comparisons with the first and the second NDC and changes in the greenhouse gases (hereinafter: GHG), the GHG emission is expressed compared to 1990. Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 \u2013 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators.", "answer": { "text": "economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990", "answer_start": 134 @@ -2071,7 +3415,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-08/NDC%20Final_Serbia%20english.pdf", - "context": "Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 \u2013 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The National GHG emissions in the base year and the reference year", + "context": "Projections reference year: 2015 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Further quantifiable information on the reference indicators are available in the National GHG Inventories (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; (A) economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990 (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National GHG inventories for the 1990 \u2013 2015 period Prepared by the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and presented in the Second Biennial update report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (f) Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators. The National GHG emissions in the base year and the reference year may be updated and recalculated due to the methodological changes and more precise calculations.", "answer": { "text": "economy-wide target - reduction of GHG emissions by 2030: - 13.2 % compared to 2010 - 33.3% compared to 1990", "answer_start": 106 @@ -2135,7 +3479,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Taking into account that Equatorial Guinea's ambition in the first NCD was to reduce emissions by 20% by 2030, with the aim of achieving 50% by 2050, with reference to 2010, Equatorial Guinea's ambition in its updated NCD has increased and has the aim of reducing emissions by 35% by 2030, with the aim of achieving 50% by 2050, with a total reduction of 379.291.54 Gg CO2eq, with reference to 2019 (446.215.38 Gg CO2eq).", + "context": "Teniendo en cuenta que la ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2010. La ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducci\u00f3n total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La pr\u00f3xima actualizaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 en el a\u00f1o 2027.", "answer": { "text": "La ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducci\u00f3n total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La pr\u00f3xima actualizaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 en el a\u00f1o 2027.", "answer_start": 39 @@ -2215,7 +3559,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "Nitrous Oxide, Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulfur hexafluoride Methodologies and tools to estimate GHG emissions and data - 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Inventory Software - Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) - Greenhouse gas Abatement Cost Model (GACMO) - Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) - IPCC SAR GWP values (Carbon Dioxide; 1, Methane; 21, Nitrous Oxide; 310) Planning process The INDC has been prepared by a participatory and transparent process through stakeholder consultations, taking into consideration the national socio-economic development plans, including the five-year strategy for national economic development Business-As- Usual scenario (BAU) DPR Korea\u2019s BAU scenario for GHG emissions was developed based on the assumption of economic growth in the absence of climate change policies. - GHG emission projections for 2020: 116.36 million tCO2 e - GHG emission projections for 2030: 187.73 million tCO2 e The BAU scenario projection will be revised to include more accurate information with preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Update.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 5 Unconditional contribution Based the on national circumstances, common but differentiated responsibility and its capability, DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.", + "context": "GHG Mitigation Component 2.1 Contribution to GHG Emissions Mitigation Type of contribution GHG emission reduction compared to the Business-As-Usual scenario (BAU) BAU scenario approach was adopted, given that DPR Korea has no obligation to reduce its emission regarding a base year under Coverage - Sectors covered: all 2006 IPCC sectors Energy Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Waste - Geographical coverage: 100 percent geographical coverage - Percentage of national emissions covered, as reflected in the most recent national GHG inventory: 100% Greenhouse gases Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulfur hexafluoride Methodologies and tools to estimate GHG emissions and data - 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Inventory Software - Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) - Greenhouse gas Abatement Cost Model (GACMO) - Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) - IPCC SAR GWP values (Carbon Dioxide; 1, Methane; 21, Nitrous Oxide; 310) Planning process The INDC has been prepared by a participatory and transparent process through stakeholder consultations, taking into consideration the national socio-economic development plans, including the five-year strategy for national economic development Business-As- Usual scenario (BAU) DPR Korea\u2019s BAU scenario for GHG emissions was developed based on the assumption of economic growth in the absence of climate change policies. - GHG emission projections for 2020: 116.36 million tCO2 e - GHG emission projections for 2030: 187.73 million tCO2 e The BAU scenario projection will be revised to include more accurate information with preparation of the National Communications and Biennial Update.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 5 Unconditional contribution Based the on national circumstances, common but differentiated responsibility and its capability, DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.", "answer": { "text": "DPR Korea will reduce GHG emissions by 8.0% compared to BAU scenario, by 2030 with domestic resources.", "answer_start": 276 @@ -2487,7 +3831,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "In a conditional manner, Mexico can increase its 2030 target to 40%, compared to its baseline in 2030, if international financing, innovation and technology transfer are scaled up, and if other countries, mainly the largest emitters, make huge efforts to meet the most ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement. Finally, the reduction target of 51% of black carbon emissions is ratified unconditionally in 2030, and 70% conditionally.", + "context": "De forma condicionada, M\u00e9xico puede aumentar su meta al 2030 hasta 40%, con respecto a su l\u00ednea base en 2030, si se escala el financiamiento internacional, la innovaci\u00f3n y transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica, y si otros pa\u00edses, principalmente los mayores emisores, realizan esfuerzos conmensurados a los objetivos m\u00e1s ambiciosos del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds. Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada. El escenario tendencial proyectado al 2030, sin intervenci\u00f3n de pol\u00edtica de mitigaci\u00f3n se cuantific\u00f3 en 991 MtCO2 e como punto de referencia para 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada.", "answer_start": 51 @@ -2551,7 +3895,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "These data confirm that, both from the perspective of fluid mobility and decarbonized mobility, mobility planning must, as a matter of priority, pursue the objective of increasing the modal shares of active mobility and public transport at the expense of the modal share of cars, while improving the multimodality150 of the mobility network. Based on the Sustainable Mobility Strategy Modu 2.0151, a national mobility plan for 2035 is being developed, which will aim to put in place the measures and infrastructure required for sustainable mobility in all regions of the country, taking into account cross-border mobility.", + "context": "Ces donn\u00e9es confirment qu\u2019aussi bien dans une perspective de mobilit\u00e9 fluide que de mobilit\u00e9 d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9e, la planification de la mobilit\u00e9 doit prioritairement poursuivre l\u2019objectif d\u2019augmenter les parts modales de la mobilit\u00e9 active et des transports en commun au d\u00e9triment de la part modale de la voiture, tout en am\u00e9liorant la multimodalit\u00e9150 du r\u00e9seau de mobilit\u00e9. Sur base de la strat\u00e9gie pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable Modu 2.0151, un plan national de mobilit\u00e9 pour 2035 est en cours d\u2019\u00e9laboration et visera \u00e0 mettre en place les mesures et les infrastructures requises pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du pays, en prenant en compte la mobilit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re. Ce plan sera actualis\u00e9 \u00e0 un rythme quinquennal.", "answer": { "text": "Sur base de la strat\u00e9gie pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable Modu 2.0151, un plan national de mobilit\u00e9 pour 2035 est en cours d\u2019\u00e9laboration et visera \u00e0 mettre en place les mesures et les infrastructures requises pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du pays, en prenant en compte la mobilit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re. Ce plan sera actualis\u00e9 \u00e0 un rythme quinquennal.", "answer_start": 55 @@ -2567,7 +3911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Promote the circular economy, waste reduction and recovery; 5. Develop sustainable and resilient agriculture and forest ecosystems and carbon sinks; Implement transport and logistics plans that promote multi-modality and massive investment in the development of new transport infrastructure; and Promote a new generation of sober and \"smart\" cities, including through the systemic integration of digital transition technologies in all socio-economic sectors.", + "context": "Stimuler l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire, la r\u00e9duction et la valorisation des d\u00e9chets ; 5. D\u00e9velopper l\u2019agriculture et les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers durables et r\u00e9silients et les puits de carbone ; Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalit\u00e9 et l\u2019investissement massif dans le d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport ; et Promouvoir une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de villes sobres et \u00ab intelligentes \u00bb, y compris par l\u2019int\u00e9gration syst\u00e9mique des technologies de la transition num\u00e9rique dans tous les secteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques.", "answer": { "text": "Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalit\u00e9 et l\u2019investissement massif dans le d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport", "answer_start": 27 @@ -2583,7 +3927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Developing sustainable and resilient agriculture and forest ecosystems and carbon sinks; Implementing transport and logistics plans promoting multi-modality and massive investment in the development of new transport infrastructures; and Promoting a new generation of sober and \u2018smart\u2019 cities, including through the systemic integration of digital transition technologies in all socio-economic sectors. To this end, it will be essential to build on and improve existing sectoral roadmaps and to follow a systemic approach based on various \u2018nexus\u2019 crucial to managing the climate challenge in Morocco: land management, water, biodiversity, mobility, industry, agriculture, energy, digitisation, etc.", + "context": "D\u00e9velopper l\u2019agriculture et les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers durables et r\u00e9silients et les puits de carbone ; Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalit\u00e9 et l\u2019investissement massif dans le d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport ; et Promouvoir une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de villes sobres et \u00ab intelligentes \u00bb, y compris par l\u2019int\u00e9gration syst\u00e9mique des technologies de la transition num\u00e9rique dans tous les secteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques. Pour cela, il sera essentiel de s\u2019appuyer sur les feuilles de route sectorielles existantes, et les am\u00e9liorer et de suivre une approche syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 partir de diff\u00e9rents \u00ab nexus \u00bb cruciaux dans la gestion de l\u2019enjeu climatique au Maroc : am\u00e9nagement du territoire, eau, biodiversit\u00e9, mobilit\u00e9, industrie, agriculture, \u00e9nergie, digitalisation, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Mettre en place des plans de transports et de logistique favorisant la multi-modalit\u00e9 et l\u2019investissement massif dans le d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles infrastructures de transport", "answer_start": 15 @@ -2615,7 +3959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles", "answer_start": 486 @@ -2631,7 +3975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles", "answer_start": 425 @@ -2663,7 +4007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "The third program consists of afforestation of marginal areas around cities to ensure the production and sustainable use of firewood through improved homes. D. Transportation: two mitigation levers contributing 27 to 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential will focus on improving urban and intercity public transportation while developing transportation master plans and promoting multimodal transportation for passengers and freight. E. Waste Management: two mitigation levers contributing 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential.", + "context": "Le troisi\u00e8me programme consiste \u00e0 boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d\u2019assurer la production et l\u2019utilisation durable de bois de chauffe \u00e0 travers les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s. D. Transport : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 27 \u00e0 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation se focaliseront sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en d\u00e9veloppant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des d\u00e9chets : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer": { "text": "d\u00e9veloppant des plans directeurs de transport", "answer_start": 64 @@ -2679,7 +4023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "Until 2010, 1,512 bio-digesters have been built, of which approximately 300-400 are in operation. Transportation: The project \u201cPromoting Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Managua Metropolitana\u201d is being implemented, as part of the priorities to reform the public transportation system in the Managua Metropolitan area, as reflected in the Integrated Transportation Plan, achieving a direct reduction of 892,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions over the next 20 years.", + "context": "Hasta el a\u00f1o 2010 se han construido 1,512 biodigestores, de los cuales entre 300 y 400 aproximadamente, se encuentran en funcionamiento. Transporte: Se est\u00e1 implementando el proyecto \u201cPromoci\u00f3n de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana\u201d, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte p\u00fablico en el \u00e1rea Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducci\u00f3n directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los pr\u00f3ximos 20 a\u00f1os.", "answer": { "text": "Transporte: Se est\u00e1 implementando el proyecto \u201cPromoci\u00f3n de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana\u201d, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte p\u00fablico en el \u00e1rea Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducci\u00f3n directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los pr\u00f3ximos 20 a\u00f1os.", "answer_start": 21 @@ -2743,7 +4087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following areas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems. This is to be accomplished by strengthening regional and national interconnectivity through the generation of multimodal efficient networks supported by the Federal Government.Greater interconnectivity will take place in a context of urban development and transportation policy that reduces travel times and distances. M3.4 To develop transport regulatory entities with understanding of national", + "context": "Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following \u00e1reas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems. This is to be accomplished by strengthening regional and national interconnectivity through the generation of multimodal efficient networks supported by the Federal Government.Greater interconnectivity will take place in a context of urban development and transportation policy that reduces travel times and distances. M3.4 To develop transport regulatory entities with understanding of national and regional demand. The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances.", "answer": { "text": "To develop transport regulatory entities with understanding of national and regional demand. The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances", "answer_start": 109 @@ -2855,7 +4199,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "Furthermore, each of the regional strategies stresses the importance of modal shift as a cornerstone for achieving the climate ambitions set, with additional benefits in terms of air quality, mobility and public space occupation. With regard to passenger transport, each region aims to limit the share of passenger cars in the modal distribution, in favour of alternative modes of transport such as active transport (train and bicycle), light electric vehicles (electric buses, speed trains, electric scooters, etc.) and shared modes of transport (public transport and shared vehicles). To this end, they emphasise the provision of quality alternative modes, adequate infrastructure and the promotion of combined mobility9.", + "context": "En outre, chacune des strat\u00e9gies r\u00e9gionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fix\u00e9es, avec des avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires en termes de qualit\u00e9 de l air, de mobilit\u00e9 et d occupation de l espace public. En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque r\u00e9gion vise \u00e0 limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la r\u00e9partition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et v\u00e9lo), les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques l\u00e9gers (v\u00e9los \u00e9lectriques, speedelecs, trottinettes \u00e9lectriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partag\u00e9s (transports en commun et v\u00e9hicules partag\u00e9s). \u00c0 cette fin, elles mettent l\u2019accent sur une offre de qualit\u00e9 de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures ad\u00e9quates et la promotion de la mobilit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e9.", "answer": { "text": "En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque r\u00e9gion vise \u00e0 limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la r\u00e9partition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et v\u00e9lo), les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques l\u00e9gers (v\u00e9los \u00e9lectriques, speedelecs, trottinettes \u00e9lectriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partag\u00e9s (transports en commun et v\u00e9hicules partag\u00e9s).", "answer_start": 41 @@ -2871,7 +4215,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "[Strategy 1: Avoid] Goal 2.1: By 2030, to have included the concept of sustainable mobility in the Strategic Environmental Assessment of TPIs and PPPs, developed from 2025 onwards, by means of specific mobility studies supporting the development of the ERA and complementing the current Road Capacity Studies.", + "context": "[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 2.1: Al 2030, haber incluido normativamente el concepto de movili- dad sostenible en la Evaluaci\u00f3n Ambiental Estrat\u00e9gica de los IPT y PROT, desarrollados a partir del a\u00f1o 2025, mediante estudios espec\u00edficos de movi- lidad que apoyen la elaboraci\u00f3n de la EAE y que complemente los actuales Estudios de Capacidad Vial. Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer": { "text": "Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer_start": 56 @@ -2887,7 +4231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Objective 3: To promote initiatives to strengthen public transport and active, efficient and sustainable modes of transport for their prioritization over the use of private vehicles. [Strategy 2: Change] Objective 3.1: By 2025, to have developed, in conjunction with MINVU, in the country's main cities (over 50 thousand inhabitants) Master Plans for Cycle-inclusive Infrastructure and with the MOP interurban networks that per- mitane connect these cities with nearby localities and other cities that belong to their functional area of influence.", + "context": "Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares. [Es- trategia 2: Cambiar] Meta 3.1: Al 2025, haber desarrollado en conjunto con MINVU, en las prin- cipales ciudades del pa\u00eds (sobre 50 mil habitantes) los Planes Maestros de Infraestructura Ciclo-inclusiva y con el MOP redes interurbanas que per- mitan conectar estas ciudades con las localidades cercanas y otras ciudades que pertenecen a su \u00e1rea de influencia funcional.", "answer": { "text": "Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -2903,7 +4247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "On the other hand, fossil fuels are a key part of the puzzle, not only because of their role in the domestic energy system, but also because of their current and projected economic importance. In this case, the future of fossil fuel industry may depend, to a large extent, on the demands and prices of the international market and on the availability and cost of CCS technologies currently under development. It was estimated that road transport will grow 2.2 times between 2015 and 2050, while decarbonised transport services will have to be provided for growing public transport systems to meet more than 70% of total road mobility demand by 2050.", + "context": "Por otro lado, los combustibles f\u00f3siles son una pieza fundamental del rompecabezas, no solo por su papel en el sistema energ\u00e9tico dom\u00e9stico, sino tambi\u00e9n por su importancia econ\u00f3mica actual y proyectada. En este caso, el futuro de la indu- stria de los combustibles f\u00f3siles puede depender, en gran medida, de las demandas y precios del mercado internacional y de la disponibilidad y costo de las tecnolog\u00edas CCS que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo. Se estim\u00f3 que el trans- porte por carretera crecer\u00e1 2.2 veces entre 2015 y 2050, mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deber\u00e1n proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico que crecen para atender m\u00e1s del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050.", "answer": { "text": "mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deber\u00e1n proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico que crecen para atender m\u00e1s del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050", "answer_start": 88 @@ -2919,7 +4263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "It is estimated that road transit will grow 2.2 times between 2015 and 2050, while decarbonized transport services will have to be provided for growing public transport systems to meet more than 70% of total road mobility demand by 2050. In addition, by 2050 64% of public transport systems will need to be powered by electricity, while the rest of the energy will be a mixture of natural gas, fossil liquids and biofuels (University of the Andes et al., 2021).", + "context": "Se estim\u00f3 que el trans- porte por carretera crecer\u00e1 2.2 veces entre 2015 y 2050, mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deber\u00e1n proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico que crecen para atender m\u00e1s del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050. Adem\u00e1s, para 2050 el 64 % de los sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico necesitar\u00e1n ser alimentados por electrici- dad, mientras que el resto de la energ\u00eda ser\u00e1 una mezcla de gas natural, l\u00edquidos f\u00f3siles y biocom- bustibles (Universidad de los Andes et al., 2021). La E2050 ha estimado que el camino hacia la carbono neutralidad se configura en la siguiente composici\u00f3n de la matriz energ\u00e9tica entre 2020 y 2050 (figura 21).", "answer": { "text": "mientras que los servicios de transporte descarbonizado deber\u00e1n proporcionarse para los sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico que crecen para atender m\u00e1s del 70 % de la demanda total de movilidad por carretera para 2050", "answer_start": 15 @@ -2935,7 +4279,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "Costa Rica's contribution to transport represents a profound transformation from a system centered on private vehicles to one centered on the well-being of people. In the thematic area of transport, Costa Rica offers the following contributions:Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION 1.1. During the period of compliance with this NDC, the Passenger Electric Railway in the Greater Metropolitan Area, powered by renewable electric energy, will enter into operation. 1.2. In 2021, concessions for public buses with decarbonization criteria will be renewed, including sectorization, electronic payment and the integration of multimodal public and active means of transport. 1.3. During the period of compliance with this NDC, the Limonense Freight Electric Railway (TELCA) will be in operation by 2022. 1.4.", + "context": "La contribuci\u00f3n de Costa Rica en transporte representa una profunda transformaci\u00f3n de un sistema centrado en veh\u00edculos particulares a uno centrado en el bienestar de las personas. En el \u00e1rea tem\u00e1tica de transporte, Costa Rica ofrece las siguientes contribuciones:Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N 1.1. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC entrar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n el Tren El\u00e9ctrico de Pasajeros en el Gran \u00c1rea Metropolitana, impulsado por energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica renovable. 1.2. En el 2021 se renovar\u00e1n las concesiones de autobuses p\u00fablicos con criterios de descarbonizaci\u00f3n, incluyendo la sectorizaci\u00f3n, el pago electr\u00f3nico y la integraci\u00f3n multimodal de medios de transporte p\u00fablico y activo. 1.3. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren El\u00e9ctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n para el a\u00f1o 2022. 1.4.", "answer": { "text": "En el 2021 se renovar\u00e1n las concesiones de autobuses p\u00fablicos con criterios de descarbonizaci\u00f3n, incluyendo la sectorizaci\u00f3n, el pago electr\u00f3nico y la integraci\u00f3n multimodal de medios de transporte p\u00fablico y activo.", "answer_start": 71 @@ -3047,7 +4391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.", + "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.", "answer": { "text": "Encouraging public transport", "answer_start": 234 @@ -3063,7 +4407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated", + "context": "Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping. | In progress: Work is well underway to implement the measure and many aspects are well under way.", "answer": { "text": "Encouraging public transport", "answer_start": 155 @@ -3127,7 +4471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf", - "context": "brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm", + "context": "Refer to Table 2 for the strategy in the energy sector. Table 2: Strategy for the energy sector Overall sectoral strategies Sectors Strategic action Milestones WEM WAM Enhance and maximize Power generation from renewable energy Power generation Development of hydropower plants Development and integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power systems Scale-up of distributed energy resources (mini- grid, off-grid isolated wind, solar, micro- hydro, and biogas) Development of policy on regional power sector integration, VRE integration, and grid flexibility Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 34 GW \u2013 Hydropower 2.1 GW \u2013 grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off-grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 50 GW \u2013 Hydropower 2.1 GW \u2013 grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off- grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Promote electrification and shift to clean technologies in the residential transportation, industrial and commercial sectors: Enhancement of clean fuel access Efficiency improvement Modal shift and e- mobility in transport Adoption of New technology in decarbonization Residential Electrification in all end-use services in urban areas Promotion of clean cooking technologies with high efficiency and low emissions in rural areas Electrification in cooking, space heating, water heating, and lighting in rural areas e emissions reduction in e reduction in per cent and 47 per cent reduction in respectively from the e emissions reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenarioOFFICIAL Promotion of efficient technologies in all end-use services REF scenario Industry Expansion of efficient and clean production technologies Electrification in process heat, boilers, and in motive power in all industries Replacement of traditional brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm machinery and water pumping Promotion of Solar PV pumping e emissions reduction in e reduction in 29 per cent and 38 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario IPPU: Nepal s emissions from industrial products and processing units are currently low.", "answer": { "text": "Promotion of electric mass passenger transport", "answer_start": 380 @@ -3143,7 +4487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NepalLTLEDS.pdf", - "context": "brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm", + "context": "Table 2: Strategy for the energy sector Overall sectoral strategies Sectors Strategic action Milestones WEM WAM Enhance and maximize Power generation from renewable energy Power generation Development of hydropower plants Development and integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power systems Scale-up of distributed energy resources (mini- grid, off-grid isolated wind, solar, micro- hydro, and biogas) Development of policy on regional power sector integration, VRE integration, and grid flexibility Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 34 GW \u2013 Hydropower 2.1 GW \u2013 grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off-grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Required power plant capacity in 2050 will be 50 GW \u2013 Hydropower 2.1 GW \u2013 grid- connected Solar PV power plants, and 1.1 GW of Off- grid and isolated renewable energy power systems Promote electrification and shift to clean technologies in the residential transportation, industrial and commercial sectors: Enhancement of clean fuel access Efficiency improvement Modal shift and e- mobility in transport Adoption of New technology in decarbonization Residential Electrification in all end-use services in urban areas Promotion of clean cooking technologies with high efficiency and low emissions in rural areas Electrification in cooking, space heating, water heating, and lighting in rural areas e emissions reduction in e reduction in per cent and 47 per cent reduction in respectively from the e emissions reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenarioOFFICIAL Promotion of efficient technologies in all end-use services REF scenario Industry Expansion of efficient and clean production technologies Electrification in process heat, boilers, and in motive power in all industries Replacement of traditional brick kilns (FCBTK) with modern improved brick kilns (zigzag kilns, and electric tunnel kilns) The intervention of CCUS in the cement industry The intervention of green fuels (electricity, waste, and hydrogen) for thermal processes in the industries Introduction of electric technology for process heat in heavy industries (metals, cement, and brick) e emissions reduction in e reduction in 43 per cent and 70 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 95 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario Transport Promotion of electric mass passenger transport Switching fuel to clean energy (electricity, fuel cells, synthetic fuels/biofuels in aviation) e reduction in e reduction in 26 per cent and 41 per cent e emission reduction in e in per cent and 97 per cent reduction inOFFICIAL Electrification in freight transport Installation and expansion of charging stations reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario respectively compared to the REF scenario Commercia l Achieve total Electrification in all commercial sector e reduction in cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario e emissions reduction in per cent reduction in compared to the REF scenario Agriculture Electrification in farm machinery and water pumping Promotion of Solar PV pumping e emissions reduction in e reduction in 29 per cent and 38 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario e emission reduction in e in per cent and 100 per cent reduction in respectively compared to the REF scenario IPPU: Nepal s emissions from industrial products and processing units are currently low. However, with the growth forecast and the recommended switch to renewable energy, it will be critical for Nepal to adopt energy-efficient technologies such as zig-zag waste related to fuel and raw materials such as limestone for the cement industry.", "answer": { "text": "Promotion of electric mass passenger transport", "answer_start": 369 @@ -3159,7 +4503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Energy consumption and GDP continue to follow historical trends. 2. Scenario of the Energy Transition Agenda (ATE): scenario based on ATE (Energy Transition Agenda) objectives2 and its consultative tables; Post-COVID-19 economic reactivation package with investments in conventional infrastructure and climate investments by NRCan, energy efficiency and electric mobility, the evolution of the public transport system is established in accordance with the Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PIMUS).", + "context": "El consumo energ\u00e9tico y PBI siguen tendencias hist\u00f3ricas. 2. Escenario de la Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de ERNC, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del pa\u00eds proviene de la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y 4.8% de la energ\u00eda solar.", "answer": { "text": "la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).", "answer_start": 52 @@ -3175,7 +4519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Stage of the Energy Transition Agenda (ATE): scenario based on ATE (Energy Transition Agenda)2 objectives and its consultative tables; Post-COVID-19 economic reactivation package with investments in conventional infrastructure and climate investments by NRCan, energy efficiency and electric mobility, the evolution of the public transport system is established in accordance with the Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PIMUS).", + "context": "Escenario de la Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de ERNC, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del pa\u00eds proviene de la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y 4.8% de la energ\u00eda solar. Cabe resaltar que debido a la crisis sanitaria que vive el mundo, se parte del supuesto que estos escenarios ponen en marcha los paquetes de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica a partir de 2022 y que la demanda de energ\u00eda comienza a desacoplarse del crecimiento econ\u00f3mico en el escenario ATE producto de las pol\u00edticas planteadas para el sector.", "answer": { "text": "la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).", "answer_start": 43 @@ -3287,7 +4631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety", "answer_start": 70 @@ -3303,7 +4647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety", "answer_start": 9 @@ -3463,7 +4807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "Reduce 84% of private vehicle travel in the Central Valley and position passenger and personal mobility vehicles as the majority. Increase public transport users to the maximum without increasing GHG emissions from 2030. Increase the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 50% and 70% of the public administration fleet. Halve emissions from domestic transport. Decarbonise the mobility sector Building Continue to promote the rehabilitation of housing to make it more efficient. Any newly constructed building from 1 January 2020 onwards must consume almost zero energy. Incorporate an energy manager before the end of 2020.", + "context": "Reducir el 84% de los desplazamientos con veh\u00edculo privado en el Valle Central y posicionar la movilidad a pue o veh\u00edculos de movilidad personal como los mayoritarios. Incrementar al m\u00e1ximo los usuarios del transporte p\u00fablico sin incrementar las emisiones de GEI a partir del 2030. Aumentar el porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 50% y del 70% de la flota de la administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica. Reducir a la mitad las emisiones derivadas del transporte interno. Descarbonizaci\u00f3n del sector de la movilidad Edificaci\u00f3n Seguir fomentando la rehabilitaci\u00f3n de las viviendas para hacerlas m\u00e1s eficientes. Cualquier edificio de nueva construcci\u00f3n a partir del 1 de enero de 2020 debe ser de consumo de energ\u00eda casi nulo. Incorporar un gestor energ\u00e9tico antes de finalizar el a\u00f1o 2020.", "answer": { "text": "Incrementar al m\u00e1ximo los usuarios del transporte p\u00fablico sin incrementar las emisiones de GEI a partir del 2030.", "answer_start": 27 @@ -3479,7 +4823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf", - "context": "Particularly, after realizing small hydro potential, mostly after 2000, the focus is shifted to solar energy and wind. Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); \u2022 A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; \u2022 Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; \u2022 Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; \u2022 Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; \u2022 National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation,", + "context": "Particularly, after realizing small hydro potential, mostly after 2000, the focus is shifted to solar energy and wind. Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); \u2022 A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; \u2022 Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; \u2022 Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; \u2022 Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; \u2022 National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation, accumulation and storage in all categories of lands through comprehensive measures.", "answer": { "text": "increased efficiency of public transport", "answer_start": 72 @@ -3495,7 +4839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20of%20Republic%20of%20Armenia%20%202021-2030.pdf", - "context": "Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); \u2022 A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; \u2022 Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; \u2022 Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; \u2022 Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; \u2022 National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation, accumulation and storage in all categories of lands through comprehensive measures. Balance achieved will be accounted for in", + "context": "Armenia is developing solar energy capacity from current 59.57 MW to 1000 MW before 2030, to increase both, green energy share and energy security (at least 15 per cent in 2030 in power generation mix); \u2022 A national Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programme 2021-2030, which will define new sectoral targets8; \u2022 Transport Strategy: increased efficiency of public transport, use of renewable energy, stimulation and support in uptake of electric vehicles; \u2022 Agriculture strategy (2020-2030)9: improved nitrogen fertilizer management and development of organic farming, sustainable intensification of animal breeding through improved species, breeds, improved irrigation system, promotion of digital agriculture and technological innovation; \u2022 Solid Waste Management System Development Strategy for 2017-203610; \u2022 National Forestry Programme (2021): increase of forest cover to 12.9 per cent of the territory of Armenia by 2030; Sectoral policy for forestry and sectoral policy 8 RA Government Decision No 650-L of 16 May 2019 envisaged development and adoption of national programme 9 RA Government Decision No 886-L of 19 December 2019 10 RA Government Protocol Decision No 49 of 08 December 2016for agriculture ensure organic carbon conservation, accumulation and storage in all categories of lands through comprehensive measures. Balance achieved will be accounted for in the NDC.", "answer": { "text": "increased efficiency of public transport", "answer_start": 54 @@ -3511,7 +4855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants", + "context": "The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 193 @@ -3527,7 +4871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 174 @@ -3543,7 +4887,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth\u2019s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 174 @@ -3559,7 +4903,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent", + "context": "This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 301 @@ -3575,7 +4919,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent", + "context": "GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 263 @@ -3607,7 +4951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Sector N0 Actions Reduction potential in 2030 (in Mt CO2e) Estimated cost (billion USD) Energy Electrify rural, peri-urban and urban areas with renewable energy sources Facilitate the use of improved homes and improve carbonisation techniques to make them more efficient Increase the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix Promote the use of LPG and electric stoves Develop industrial plantations - wood energy Ensure the development of the transport sector with an emphasis on mass transport through trams, buses, trains... Agriculture Promote agro-forestry practices and the rotation of crops and perennial crops, particularly in forest areas, including wetlands Integrate agriculture into the national land use plan Promote intensive agriculture in savannah areas to limit pressure on natural forests Sector N0 Actions Reduction potential in 2030 (in Mt", + "context": "Le tableau ci-dessous pr\u00e9sente la synth\u00e8se des principaux leviers d\u2019intervention, les \u00e9missions \u00e9vit\u00e9es et des co\u00fbts y associ\u00e9s par secteur en 2030 susceptible d\u2019atteindre la cible de r\u00e9duction vis\u00e9e. Secteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Energie \u00c9lectrifier les zones rurales, p\u00e9ri- urbaines et urbaines par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables Faciliter l\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9liorer les techniques de carbonisation pour la rendre plus efficace Accroitre la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique national Promouvoir l\u2019utilisation des GPL et cuisinni\u00e8re \u00e9lectrique D\u00e9velopper des plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie Assurer le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, \u00e0 travers le tramway, autobus, train\u2026 Agriculture Promouvoir les pratiques agro- foresti\u00e8res et la rotation des cultures et cultures p\u00e9rennes particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides Int\u00e9grer l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire Promouvoir l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturellesSecteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir l\u2019exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques et assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensifier la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en savane anthropique et en for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e, y compris en zone foresti\u00e8re (sauf dans les zones o\u00f9 la disponibilit\u00e9 des terres ne permet gu\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9viter la destruction au moins partielle de la for\u00eat) Vulgariser et diss\u00e9miner les pratiques agricoles r\u00e9silientes, et autres paquets technologiques (usage des semences climato-sensibles, gestion des sols et gestion de l\u2019eau) Am\u00e9liorer la gestion des \u00e9levages intensifs et extensifs Intensifier la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire ou primaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Promouvoir les techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelles et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats Appuyer le d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural Restaurer les zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Valoriser les outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant laSecteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appuyer les initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Renforcer la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV-FLEGT G\u00e9rer durablement l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre G\u00e9rer durablement et r\u00e9habiliter les exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res 23 Lutter contre les feux de brousse 0,11 24 Cartographier et \u00e9valuer les tourbi\u00e8res 0,52 D\u00e9chets Renforcer le cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Mettre en place un programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Promouvoir l\u2019utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9charges Promouvoir la valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CH4 des sites d enfouissement) 29 Promouvoir le compostage a\u00e9robie 0,21Secteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019engrais organiques \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets solides, eaux us\u00e9es et boues f\u00e9cales Les figures ci-apr\u00e8s illustrent les projections d\u2019\u00e9missions pour le sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence BAU du secteur Agriculture, Foresterie et autres Affectations des Terres (AFAT) et D\u00e9chets.", "answer": { "text": "Assurer le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, \u00e0 travers le tramway, autobus, train\u2026", "answer_start": 98 @@ -3623,7 +4967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Sector N0 Actions Reduction potential in 2030 (in Mt CO2e) Estimated cost (billion USD) Energy Electrify rural, peri-urban and urban areas with renewable energy sources Facilitate the use of improved homes and improve carbonisation techniques to make it more efficient Increase the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix Promote the use of LPG and electric stoves Develop industrial plantations - wood energy Ensure the development of the transport sector with an emphasis on mass transport through trams, buses, trains... Agriculture Promote agro-forestry practices and the rotation of crops and perennial crops particularly in forest areas, including wetlands Integrate agriculture into the national land use plan Promote intensive agriculture in savannah areas to limit pressure on natural forests Sector N0 Actions Reduction potential in 2030 (in Mt CO", + "context": "Secteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Energie \u00c9lectrifier les zones rurales, p\u00e9ri- urbaines et urbaines par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables Faciliter l\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9liorer les techniques de carbonisation pour la rendre plus efficace Accroitre la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique national Promouvoir l\u2019utilisation des GPL et cuisinni\u00e8re \u00e9lectrique D\u00e9velopper des plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie Assurer le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, \u00e0 travers le tramway, autobus, train\u2026 Agriculture Promouvoir les pratiques agro- foresti\u00e8res et la rotation des cultures et cultures p\u00e9rennes particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides Int\u00e9grer l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire Promouvoir l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturellesSecteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir l\u2019exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques et assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensifier la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en savane anthropique et en for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e, y compris en zone foresti\u00e8re (sauf dans les zones o\u00f9 la disponibilit\u00e9 des terres ne permet gu\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9viter la destruction au moins partielle de la for\u00eat) Vulgariser et diss\u00e9miner les pratiques agricoles r\u00e9silientes, et autres paquets technologiques (usage des semences climato-sensibles, gestion des sols et gestion de l\u2019eau) Am\u00e9liorer la gestion des \u00e9levages intensifs et extensifs Intensifier la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire ou primaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre Promouvoir les techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelles et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats Appuyer le d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural Restaurer les zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Valoriser les outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant laSecteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appuyer les initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Renforcer la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV-FLEGT G\u00e9rer durablement l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre G\u00e9rer durablement et r\u00e9habiliter les exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res 23 Lutter contre les feux de brousse 0,11 24 Cartographier et \u00e9valuer les tourbi\u00e8res 0,52 D\u00e9chets Renforcer le cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Mettre en place un programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Promouvoir l\u2019utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9charges Promouvoir la valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CH4 des sites d enfouissement) 29 Promouvoir le compostage a\u00e9robie 0,21Secteur N\u2070 Actions Potentiel de r\u00e9duction en 2030 (en Mt CO2e) Co\u00fbt estimatif (Milliards USD) Promouvoir la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019engrais organiques \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets solides, eaux us\u00e9es et boues f\u00e9cales Les figures ci-apr\u00e8s illustrent les projections d\u2019\u00e9missions pour le sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence BAU du secteur Agriculture, Foresterie et autres Affectations des Terres (AFAT) et D\u00e9chets. L\u2019analyse de la tendance historique des \u00e9missions de GES de la RDC montre que, durant la p\u00e9riode de 2000-2018, les \u00e9missions nationales sont pr\u00e9domin\u00e9es par le secteur \u00ab Foresterie et autres Affectation des Terres (FAT) \u00bb avec pr\u00e8s de 86% des \u00e9missions, suivi de loin par les secteurs D\u00e9chet, Energie et Agriculture avec respectivement 11%, 0,86% et 0,61%.", "answer": { "text": "Assurer le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur de transport avec un accent sur le transports de masse et ce, \u00e0 travers le tramway, autobus, train\u2026", "answer_start": 69 @@ -3639,7 +4983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "The third program consists of afforestation of marginal areas around cities to ensure the production and sustainable use of firewood through improved homes. D. Transportation: two mitigation levers contributing 27 to 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential will focus on improving urban and intercity public transportation while developing transportation master plans and promoting multimodal transportation for passengers and freight. E. Waste Management: two mitigation levers contributing 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential.", + "context": "Le troisi\u00e8me programme consiste \u00e0 boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d\u2019assurer la production et l\u2019utilisation durable de bois de chauffe \u00e0 travers les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s. D. Transport : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 27 \u00e0 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation se focaliseront sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en d\u00e9veloppant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des d\u00e9chets : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer": { "text": "deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 27 \u00e0 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation se focaliseront sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en d\u00e9veloppant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.", "answer_start": 33 @@ -3655,7 +4999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Urban renewable energy sources (i) For hydro from 3GW in 2020 to (ii) For wind, solar and geothermal from 2.9 MW in 2020 to 42.7 MW in 2030 (iii) 8 to 10 installed units Promotion of improved homes & improvement of carbonisation -30% efficiency (ii) 3 million households have renewable energy units Promotion of renewable energy (i) Amended Renewable Energy Act 2014 (ii) Number of homes and institutions, manufacturing industries equipped with photovoltaic solar systems 28 Estimated cost per tonne of CO2 equivalent to around USD 100 to 130 29 Improved homesSector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient burning Number of households using biogas, LPG technologies", + "context": "Le tableau 4 pr\u00e9sente la synth\u00e8se des interventions que la RDC compte mettre en \u0153uvre pour pouvoir atteindre la cible de r\u00e9duction vis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030.Tableau 4 : Synth\u00e8se des options d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des \u00e9missions des GES et co\u00fbts estimatifs associ\u00e9s. Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)", "answer_start": 271 @@ -3671,7 +5015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Improved shelters Sector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Ms Implementation period Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient cooking Number of households using biogas, LPG technologies; and briquettes based on agricultural residues or biodegradable household waste Industrial plantations - energy wood 130.000 ha of energy-intensive plantations Develop and improve urban and interurban transport Promotion of mass transport (i) In 10 urban centres (cities and towns) with: traffic management plan; (ii) New public transport system (bus, rail, etc.); (iii) Number of infrastructure road, rail (interconnection), river and lake roads constructed/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of assembly units for new low-emission vehicles locally (in terms of transfer ofS", + "context": "Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines.", "answer": { "text": "Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)", "answer_start": 231 @@ -3687,7 +5031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "Incorporate energy efficiency parameters into the National Construction Code U-4. Energy efficiency in new construction Mitigation options for GHG emission reductions in the following sectors: Energy, Transport, Industry, Agriculture and Livestock, Forests and other land uses, and Solid and Liquid Waste 62 National Strategy for Low Greenhouse Gas EmissionsSECTOR TRANSPORT Leading Ministry Priority Options Simplified Name Ministry of Communications, Infrastructure and Housing (MICIVI) T-1. Expand the AMCG public transport infrastructure by building the MetroRiel nearby train T-2. Improve the equipment of extra-urban public transport T-2. Extra-urban public transport T-3. Increase the level of service of the municipality of Guatemala's urban public transport T-3. Urban public transport T-4.", + "context": "Incorporar par\u00e1metros de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en el C\u00f3digo Nacional de Construcci\u00f3n U-4. Eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en nuevas construcciones Opciones de mitigaci\u00f3n para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI de los Sectores: Energ\u00eda, Transporte, Industria, Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda, Bosques y otros usos de la tierra y Desechos s\u00f3lidos y l\u00edquidos 62 Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR TRANSPORTE Ministerio l\u00edder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Infraestructura y Vivienda (MICIVI) T-1. Expandir la infraestructura de transporte p\u00fablico del AMCG mediante la construcci\u00f3n del tren de cercan\u00eda MetroRiel T-2. Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte p\u00fablico extraurbano. T-2. Transporte p\u00fablico extraurbano. T-3. Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte p\u00fablico urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte p\u00fablico urbano T-4.", "answer": { "text": "Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte p\u00fablico extraurbano", "answer_start": 93 @@ -3703,7 +5047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf", - "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly", + "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing) \uf09f Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Promotion of public transport", "answer_start": 145 @@ -3767,7 +5111,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "Until 2010, 1,512 bio-digesters have been built, of which approximately 300-400 are in operation. Transportation: The project \u201cPromoting Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Managua Metropolitana\u201d is being implemented, as part of the priorities to reform the public transportation system in the Managua Metropolitan area, as reflected in the Integrated Transportation Plan, achieving a direct reduction of 892,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions over the next 20 years.", + "context": "Hasta el a\u00f1o 2010 se han construido 1,512 biodigestores, de los cuales entre 300 y 400 aproximadamente, se encuentran en funcionamiento. Transporte: Se est\u00e1 implementando el proyecto \u201cPromoci\u00f3n de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana\u201d, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte p\u00fablico en el \u00e1rea Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducci\u00f3n directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los pr\u00f3ximos 20 a\u00f1os.", "answer": { "text": "Transporte: Se est\u00e1 implementando el proyecto \u201cPromoci\u00f3n de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana\u201d, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte p\u00fablico en el \u00e1rea Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducci\u00f3n directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los pr\u00f3ximos 20 a\u00f1os.", "answer_start": 21 @@ -3943,7 +5287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "As regards the use of Hydrogen, work is under way on a pilot project for lorries and long-distance buses. Primary activities 7% Electric power stations Public service 9% Own consumption 6% Commercial \u00b7 Service Public sector 2% Figure 10: CO2 emissions by sector in 2020.Also, this sector requires a broad vision from the point of view of sustainability and is in the process of drawing up the National Sustainable Urban Mobility Policy, with the vision of making it possible for all people to access the opportunities offered by urban centres, with environmentally, socially and economically sustainable alternatives to mobility, aiming at improving their quality of life.Active mobility and public transport, together with electric mobility, are key in planning sustainable mobility.", + "context": "En cuanto a la utilizaci\u00f3n de Hidr\u00f3geno, se est\u00e1 trabajando en un piloto para veh\u00edculos de carga y buses de larga distancia. Actividades primarias 7% Centrales el\u00e9ctricas servicio p\u00fablico 9% Consumo propio 6% Comercial \u00b7 Servicio Sector P\u00fablico 2% Figura 10: Emisiones de CO2 por sector en 2020.Asimismo, este sector requiere una visi\u00f3n amplia desde la sostenibilidad y est\u00e1 en proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n la Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, con la visi\u00f3n de posibilitar el acceso a todas las personas a las oportunidades que ofrecen los centros urbanos, con alternativas de movilidad ambiental, social y econ\u00f3micamente sostenibles, apuntando a la mejora de su calidad de vida. La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer": { "text": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer_start": 107 @@ -3959,7 +5303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Active mobility and public transport, together with electric mobility, are key to planning for sustainable mobility. In the process of decarbonizing the economy, the energy sector has taken important steps, remaining complex challenges in some sectors due to the still low availability of some technologies. The country will need to explore different instruments and will require different supports in order to be able to move on to a second energy transition. 5.1.1.2. Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector The Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector (IPPU) analyses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrial processes, the use of these gases in products, and the non-energy uses of carbon contained in fossil fuels.", + "context": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible. En el proceso de descarbonizaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda, el sector energ\u00eda ha dado importantes pasos quedando desaf\u00edos complejos en algunos sectores por la a\u00fan escasa disponibilidad de algunas tecnolog\u00edas. El pa\u00eds deber\u00e1 explorar distintos instrumentos y requerir\u00e1 de diversos apoyos para poder dar paso a una segunda transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica. 5.1.1.2. Sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos En el sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos (IPPU, por su sigla en ingl\u00e9s) se analizan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provocadas por los procesos industriales, por el uso de estos gases en los productos y por los usos no energ\u00e9ticos del carbono contenido en los combustibles f\u00f3siles.", "answer": { "text": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -3991,7 +5335,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf", - "context": "Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in", + "context": "Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.", "answer": { "text": "Shifting from private to public means of transport", "answer_start": 100 @@ -4167,7 +5511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-third session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", + "context": "Apuesta por las opciones de energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica, solar y/o mareomotriz para las islas remotas del pa\u00eds (Annob\u00f3n, Corisco y otras) Al menos generar 5 MW de energ\u00eda renovable en la isla de Annob\u00f3n al a\u00f1o 2030 1.5. Adoptar la normativa internacional de l\u00edmites de emisiones de veh\u00edculos en ITV y que permita la importaci\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos de menos de 7 a\u00f1os Un decreto presidencial promulgado MIE 50.000 0 1.6. Crear mecanismo de precios al carbono: Asignaci\u00f3n de un valor a la combusti\u00f3n de la tonelada de CO2, producto de la imposici\u00f3n de un impuesto con el que se gravan los combustibles l\u00edquidos Un decreto presidencial promulgado MAGBOMA 50.000 0 1.7. Adquisici\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones debidas a la proliferaci\u00f3n de transporte individual.", "answer": { "text": "Adquisici\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones debidas a la proliferaci\u00f3n de transporte individual.", "answer_start": 110 @@ -4183,7 +5527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above-mentioned measures, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan has adopted a number of other measures aimed at improving the living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Kazakhstan.", + "context": "Adquisici\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones debidas a la proliferaci\u00f3n de transporte individual. Al menos adquirir 100 autobuses el\u00e9ctricos para el \u00e1mbito nacional Al menos 8 estaciones de cargas de bater\u00edas y otros usos construidos 1.8. Aplicar la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica e inteligente en el pa\u00eds Para el a\u00f1o 2050, se ha instalado el 100% de la iluminaci\u00f3n LED en todos los edificios administrativos, sedes de empresas privadas y alumbrado p\u00fablico de todo el pa\u00eds. 1.9. Promover reuniones virtuales para evitar desplazamientos y uso de taxis y viajes a\u00e9reos Al menos 500 reuniones virtuales institucionales al a\u00f1o en todos los sectores 1.10.", "answer": { "text": "Adquisici\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n del uso de autobuses y estaciones del transporte colectivo urbano e interurbano para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones debidas a la proliferaci\u00f3n de transporte individual.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -4327,7 +5671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "Our NDC contains an expanded ambition in the transport sector, following the commitments made at COP 26 in Glasgow, where Mexico will accelerate efforts, in coordination with the private sector and the country's cities, for electric mobility.", + "context": "Nuestro NDC contiene una ambici\u00f3n ampliada en el sector transporte, tras los compromisos establecidos en la COP 26, en Glasgow, en la que M\u00e9xico acelerar\u00e1 esfuerzos, en coordinaci\u00f3n con el sector privado y las ciudades del pa\u00eds, para la movilidad el\u00e9ctrica. En ese sentido, M\u00e9xico trabaja en la consolidaci\u00f3n de una Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad El\u00e9ctrica para lograr estos objetivos y para implementar mecanismos justos y seguros, adem\u00e1s de promover primordialmente la transformaci\u00f3n en el transporte p\u00fablico, puesto que es el sector con mayor impacto social.", "answer": { "text": "promover primordialmente la transformaci\u00f3n en el transporte p\u00fablico", "answer_start": 69 @@ -4343,7 +5687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "In addition, our government has decreed lithium as a strategic mineral, and has established the decentralized public body called Lithium for Mexico, whose objective is the exploration, exploitation, profit and exploitation of lithium, located on national territory, as well as the administration and control of the economic value chains of this mineral.", + "context": "En ese sentido, M\u00e9xico trabaja en la consolidaci\u00f3n de una Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad El\u00e9ctrica para lograr estos objetivos y para implementar mecanismos justos y seguros, adem\u00e1s de promover primordialmente la transformaci\u00f3n en el transporte p\u00fablico, puesto que es el sector con mayor impacto social. En adici\u00f3n, nuestro gobierno ha decretado el litio como un mineral estrat\u00e9gico, y ha establecido el organismo p\u00fablico descentralizado denominado Litio para M\u00e9xico, cuyo objetivo es la exploraci\u00f3n, explotaci\u00f3n, beneficio y aprovechamiento del litio, ubicado en territorio nacional, as\u00ed como la administraci\u00f3n y control de las cadenas de valor econ\u00f3mico de dicho mineral. Con ello se busca garantizar la soberan\u00eda energ\u00e9tica de la Naci\u00f3n sobre el litio y dem\u00e1s minerales que resulten estrat\u00e9gicos y necesarios para la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica, la innovaci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y el desarrollo nacional.", "answer": { "text": "promover primordialmente la transformaci\u00f3n en el transporte p\u00fablico", "answer_start": 28 @@ -4359,7 +5703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Appropriate financing schemes to promote Ecosystems and all species are conserved or used sustainably. Natural resources are economically valued and adequately managed Sufficient infrastructure exists for a sustainable and efficient water management Efficient use of water resources helps restoring ecological and physical functions of water bodies. Improving its natural capital enhances the economic and social development of the Water balance is ensured through sustainable and efficient use Conservation and sustainable ecosystems management improve climate resilience Local levels of resilience are adequate.Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy sustainable landscape planning are in place Technologies for local adaptation are used Mexico has zero percent rate of carbon loss in original ecosystems. country. Energy Clean technologies are deployed and start advancing the energy transition, with a goal of 35% of clean energy in the power sector Specific schemes are developed to in", + "context": "Appropriate financing schemes to promote Ecosystems and all species are conserved or used sustainably. Natural resources are economically valued and adequately managed Sufficient infrastructure exists for a sustainable and efficient water management Efficient use of water resources helps restoring ecological and physical functions of water bodies. Improving its natural capital enhances the economic and social development of the Water balance is ensured through sustainable and efficient use Conservation and sustainable ecosystems management improve climate resilience Local levels of resilience are adequate.Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy sustainable landscape planning are in place Technologies for local adaptation are used Mexico has zero percent rate of carbon loss in original ecosystems. country. Energy Clean technologies are deployed and start advancing the energy transition, with a goal of 35% of clean energy in the power sector Specific schemes are developed to incentivize clean energy, energy efficiency and saving, and sustainable public transportation, reducing our use of fossil fuels. At least 40% of electric power generation comes from clean energy resources. Power generation through clean sources creates jobs, including jobs for the vulnerable population.", "answer": { "text": "Specific schemes are developed to incentivize clean energy, energy efficiency and saving, and sustainable public transportation, reducing our use of fossil fuels.", "answer_start": 132 @@ -4647,7 +5991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the challenge is therefore to reverse this trend and to make every effort to decarbonise the mobility system. The efforts to be made will be very substantial, but will also bring important additional benefits such as better air quality, a reduction in road congestion, noise nuisance and the number of accidents, or a reduction or even elimination of storage capacities for petroleum products, thereby generating health benefits and improvements in the quality of life of citizens.", + "context": "Pour parvenir \u00e0 la neutralit\u00e9 climatique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, le d\u00e9fi consiste donc \u00e0 inverser cette tendance et \u00e0 tout mettre en \u0153uvre pour d\u00e9carboniser le syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9. Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer": { "text": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air,", "answer_start": 29 @@ -4663,7 +6007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Although it is imperative that prices reflect the real costs147 of the various modes of transport, in particular through an appropriate fiscal policy, including taxation of fuels and vehicles, the development and implementation of solutions that encourage users to change their habits in terms of mobility are paramount.", + "context": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu\u2019il soit imp\u00e9ratif que les prix refl\u00e8tent les co\u00fbts r\u00e9els147 des diff\u00e9rents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d\u2019une politique fiscale appropri\u00e9e, incluant la taxation des carburants et des v\u00e9hicules, le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions incitant les usagers \u00e0 modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilit\u00e9 sont primordiaux.", "answer": { "text": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air,", "answer_start": 0 @@ -4711,7 +6055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Transport Unconditional Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey Regional Economic Corridor Project (LON).xiii Annex 3: List of potential socio-economic benefits in the implementation of actions under the different sectors of the CDN SECTOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS Transport/Infrastructure creation of temporary and permanent jobs; reduction in the number of road accidents; saving of travel time for economic or leisure activities; reduction in the number of flood victims; improvement of the living environment of the population; long-term reduction in freight costs through the resulting reduction in transport costs; reduction of GHG emissions in the long-term transport sector, leading to an improvement in the health of the population (reduced pollution-related diseases); Waste increasing the energy supply; improving the living conditions of the population; achieving savings", + "context": "Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans l habitat urbain et rural. 1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet r\u00e9gional de Corridor \u00e9conomique Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-\u00e9conomiques potentiels dans la mise en \u0153uvre des actions relevant des diff\u00e9rents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d\u2019accidents de la route ; l\u2019\u00e9conomie de temps des voyages au profit des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse \u00e0 long terme des co\u00fbts des marchandises \u00e0 travers la baisse occasionn\u00e9e du co\u00fbt du transport ; la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites) ; D\u00e9chets l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019offre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019\u00e9conomies sur l\u2019importation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de fuel ; l\u2019utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l\u2019utilisation du compost ; la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane pour une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable des \u00e9missions d\u2019un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux intrants agricoles de qualit\u00e9, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l\u2019accroissement de la productivit\u00e9, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois verts ; l\u2019accroissement des revenus pour les femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de projets ; l\u2019accroissement de la r\u00e9silience des populations b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de pollution des sources d\u2019eau et de la biodiversit\u00e9 par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigu\u00e9s par goutte \u00e0 goutte ; l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s ; l\u2019accroissement des superficies des terres exploit\u00e9es par l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des bas-fonds et la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources foresti\u00e8res et contribution des fili\u00e8res foresti\u00e8res au PIB ; la couverture des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, par une extension des am\u00e9nagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et le transfert de comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ; le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce multirisque et \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures d\u2019adaptation concr\u00e8tes ; la gestion durable des terres et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des m\u00e9nages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution \u00e0 la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution \u00e0 l\u2019atteindre de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal en vue de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des populations vuln\u00e9rables et la contribution \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone ; l\u2019appui au d\u00e9veloppement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re et environnementale en augmentant la r\u00e9silience au changement climatique et en pr\u00e9servant les ressources foresti\u00e8res ; \u00c9levage l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du b\u00e9tail ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces de p\u00e2ture ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l\u2019augmentation des superficies r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la r\u00e9duction de la coupe du bois ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de d\u00e9gradation des terres et de conflits ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de sant\u00e9 animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la s\u00e9curisation des activit\u00e9s pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : R\u00e9pertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d\u2019\u00e9quipement install\u00e9 (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances install\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites)", "answer_start": 114 @@ -4727,7 +6071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Unconditional transport Regional Economic Corridor project Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annex 3: List of potential socio-economic benefits in the implementation of actions under the different sectors of the CDN SECTOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS Transport/Infrastructure creation of temporary and permanent jobs; reduction of the number of road accidents; saving of travel time for economic or leisure activities; reduction of the number of flood victims; improvement of the living environment of the population; long-term reduction of freight costs through the resulting reduction of transport costs; reduction of GHG emissions in the transport sector in the long term, leading to an improvement in the health of the population (reduced pollution-related diseases); Waste increase in energy supply; improvement of the living conditions of the population; realization of", + "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet r\u00e9gional de Corridor \u00e9conomique Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-\u00e9conomiques potentiels dans la mise en \u0153uvre des actions relevant des diff\u00e9rents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d\u2019accidents de la route ; l\u2019\u00e9conomie de temps des voyages au profit des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse \u00e0 long terme des co\u00fbts des marchandises \u00e0 travers la baisse occasionn\u00e9e du co\u00fbt du transport ; la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites) ; D\u00e9chets l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019offre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019\u00e9conomies sur l\u2019importation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de fuel ; l\u2019utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l\u2019utilisation du compost ; la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane pour une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable des \u00e9missions d\u2019un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux intrants agricoles de qualit\u00e9, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l\u2019accroissement de la productivit\u00e9, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois verts ; l\u2019accroissement des revenus pour les femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de projets ; l\u2019accroissement de la r\u00e9silience des populations b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de pollution des sources d\u2019eau et de la biodiversit\u00e9 par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigu\u00e9s par goutte \u00e0 goutte ; l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s ; l\u2019accroissement des superficies des terres exploit\u00e9es par l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des bas-fonds et la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources foresti\u00e8res et contribution des fili\u00e8res foresti\u00e8res au PIB ; la couverture des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, par une extension des am\u00e9nagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et le transfert de comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ; le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce multirisque et \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures d\u2019adaptation concr\u00e8tes ; la gestion durable des terres et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des m\u00e9nages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution \u00e0 la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution \u00e0 l\u2019atteindre de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal en vue de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des populations vuln\u00e9rables et la contribution \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone ; l\u2019appui au d\u00e9veloppement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re et environnementale en augmentant la r\u00e9silience au changement climatique et en pr\u00e9servant les ressources foresti\u00e8res ; \u00c9levage l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du b\u00e9tail ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces de p\u00e2ture ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l\u2019augmentation des superficies r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la r\u00e9duction de la coupe du bois ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de d\u00e9gradation des terres et de conflits ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de sant\u00e9 animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la s\u00e9curisation des activit\u00e9s pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : R\u00e9pertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d\u2019\u00e9quipement install\u00e9 (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances install\u00e9es. Infrastructures Taux d\u2019ex\u00e9cution physique/financier (%) ; Proportion/lin\u00e9aire de voiries am\u00e9nag\u00e9es ; Proportion/lin\u00e9aire de caniveaux am\u00e9nag\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites)", "answer_start": 106 @@ -4743,7 +6087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Jordan%20INDCs%20Final.pdf", - "context": "listed 24 proposed adaptation projects that fall under seven main categories as follows: - Regulatory/legislative; - Capacity building; - Public education and communication; - Surveillance and monitoring; - Medical intervention; - Infrastructure development; and - Research and further information. The proposed adaptation measures and projects are: \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Strengthening the preparedness and resilience of the health sector and increasing emergency rooms (ER) capacities; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Building the needed capacities to conduct health vulnerability assessments; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Educating and informing the public of the needed measures to protect health from the adverse impacts of climate change; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Establishing an early warning system to trigger prompt public health intervention when certain variables exceed a defined threshold; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Developing climate-informed disease control programs and surveillance systems using meteorological services to target vector control in time and space; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Introducing new indicators that are useful for protecting health, such as Air Quality Index, UV index, in cooperation with the relevant institutions; and \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Utilizing effective tools (e.g.", + "context": "The health sector\u00e2\u0080\u0099s adaptation to climate change focuses on the adequate intervention measures required to reduce the impact of climate change on six climate-sensitive health issues, namely: o Heat waves (health impacts of temperature related events); o Water and food-borne diseases; o Vector-borne diseases; o Air-borne and respiratory diseases; o Nutrition and food security; and o Occupational health The Action Plan (2013-2017) listed 24 proposed adaptation projects that fall under seven main categories as follows: - Regulatory/legislative; - Capacity building; - Public education and communication; - Surveillance and monitoring; - Medical intervention; - Infrastructure development; and - Research and further information. The proposed adaptation measures and projects are: \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Strengthening the preparedness and resilience of the health sector and increasing emergency rooms (ER) capacities; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Building the needed capacities to conduct health vulnerability assessments; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Educating and informing the public of the needed measures to protect health from the adverse impacts of climate change; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Establishing an early warning system to trigger prompt public health intervention when certain variables exceed a defined threshold; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Developing climate-informed disease control programs and surveillance systems using meteorological services to target vector control in time and space; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change; \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Introducing new indicators that are useful for protecting health, such as Air Quality Index, UV index, in cooperation with the relevant institutions; and \u00e2\u0080\u0094 Utilizing effective tools (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Adopting more effective and rapid electronic exchange of surveillance data for rapid intervention, and establish, with the relevant ministry(ies), access to real-time air quality monitoring data to establish the link between respiratory diseases and air pollution and climate change", "answer_start": 194 @@ -4967,7 +6311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At the European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity.", + "context": "; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer": { "text": "Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer_start": 96 @@ -4983,7 +6327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity. Given the international nature of these sectors, solutions need to be developed at European and even global level. In order to include negative externalities in the prices of these modes of transport and to force technological innovation to significantly reduce the carbon and environmental footprint (notably through the development of renewable hydrogen or synthetic renewable fuels), it is important to ensure adequate emission pricing.", + "context": "6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s. Vu le caract\u00e8re international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne voire mondiale. Afin d\u2019inclure les externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives dans les prix de ces modes de transport et de forcer l\u2019innovation technologique pour r\u00e9duire significativement l\u2019empreinte carbone et environnementale (notamment par le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable ou de carburants synth\u00e9tiques renouvelables), il importe d\u2019assurer une tarification ad\u00e9quate des \u00e9missions.", "answer": { "text": "Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer_start": 5 @@ -4999,7 +6343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "Among the necessary measures, in addition to new electrical technologies and regulations, Mexico contemplates the expansion and rehabilitation of the national railway network.", + "context": "Entre las medidas necesarias, en adici\u00f3n a las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas el\u00e9ctricas y la normativa, M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energ\u00e9tica al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| P\u00c1G. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.", "answer": { "text": "Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19", "answer_start": 58 @@ -5015,7 +6359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year a Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) The reference year used in Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s updated NDC is 2006 b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in 2006 were estimated to be 1060.25 GgCO2e. c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: \u25cf 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 \u25cf 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data", + "context": "Quantified information on the reference point, including, as appropriate, a base year a Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) The reference year used in Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s updated NDC is 2006 b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in 2006 were estimated to be 1060.25 GgCO2e. c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: \u25cf 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 \u25cf 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015 \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s First Biennial Update \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Third National f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Antigua and Barbuda may update the base year data based on the continuous methodological improvement and data availability.", "answer": { "text": "100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030", "answer_start": 173 @@ -5031,7 +6375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: \u25cf 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 \u25cf 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015 \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s First Biennial Update \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Third National f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Antigua and Barbuda may update the base year data based on the continuous methodological improvement and data availability. Any updated information will be included in the Biennial Update Report or Biennial", + "context": "c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction As electricity generation and transport are the biggest contributor to the total GHG emissions, Antigua and Barbuda has mitigation sector targets for the energy sector: \u25cf 86% renewable energy generation in the electricity sector by 2030 \u25cf 100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030 e. Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s) The sources of data used in quantifying the reference points are as follows: \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2015 \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s First Biennial Update \u25cf Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Third National f. Information on the circumstances under which the Party may update the values of the reference indicators Antigua and Barbuda may update the base year data based on the continuous methodological improvement and data availability. Any updated information will be included in the Biennial Update Report or Biennial Transparency Report.", "answer": { "text": "100% all new vehicle sales to be electric vehicles by 2030", "answer_start": 94 @@ -5047,7 +6391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.", + "context": "Explore potential for emissions reductions in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector Indicative actions supporting implementation of mitigation targets 1. Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.", "answer": { "text": "Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector", "answer_start": 271 @@ -5063,7 +6407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "(for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.", + "context": "Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.", "answer": { "text": "Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector", "answer_start": 248 @@ -5287,7 +6631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf", - "context": "Installation of 50 000 photovoltaic or wind turbine lighting systems Installation of 5000 solar PV systems for pumping water for domestic, community or public use in isolated (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) areas, including agricultural irrigation and livestock watering Powering of 5000 glaciers for domestic use, through photovoltaic technology or with wind turbines, in homes in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Replacement of 2,500,000 incandescent lamps with efficient lamps in all domestic consumers in the country Productive use of energy - construction of 8 centres for fish conservation Construction of 450 MW thermal power plant based on natural gas: Technological Action Plan for Combined Cycle Natural Gas Technology Massification of LPG - Increasing the number of people with access to cooking gas to around 309.02% compared to today Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, \u2022 Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses \u2022 Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas. \u2022 Conversion of 1000 cars to NG Repair of 150 NG buses for public transport Urban", + "context": "Installation of 50 000 photovoltaic or wind turbine lighting systems Installation of 5000 solar PV systems for pumping water for domestic, community or public use in isolated (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) areas, including agricultural irrigation and livestock watering Powering of 5000 glaciers for domestic use, through photovoltaic technology or with wind turbines, in homes in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Replacement of 2,500,000 incandescent lamps with efficient lamps in all domestic consumers in the country Productive use of energy - construction of 8 centres for fish conservation Construction of 450 MW thermal power plant based on natural gas: Technological Action Plan for Combined Cycle Natural Gas Technology Massification of LPG - Increasing the number of people with access to cooking gas to around 309.02% compared to today Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, \u2022 Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses \u2022 Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas. \u2022 Conversion of 1000 cars to NG Repair of 150 NG buses for public transport Urban areas, in districts - nationwide Mozambique, in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE) Areas isolated from the grid (SIE) or mixed (SILE/SIE) Residences in areas isolated from the national electricity grid (SIE).", "answer": { "text": "Massification of Natural Gas Use: o Construction of ten (10) Compressed Natural Gas Supply Stations, \u2022 Importation of one hundred and fifty (150) CNG Buses \u2022 Import of one thousand (1000) kits and respective conversion Cylinders for Natural Gas. \u2022 Conversion of 1000 cars to NG", "answer_start": 145 @@ -5751,7 +7095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf", - "context": "Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to", + "context": "Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to better understand the threats and begin longer-term planning for adaptation as depicted in the table below.", "answer": { "text": "30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030", "answer_start": 98 @@ -5783,7 +7127,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf", - "context": "Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to", + "context": "Table 1: Estimate (lower bound) of the cost of mitigation Sector/sub-sector Mitigation action Cost (million USD) 90 MW of solar PV (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance cost over lifetime 1 As per the Energy Policy 2010, the target of 15% renewable electricity in 2030 is met predominantly using solar PV 2 The capital cost of 1 MW installed of solar PV has been assumed to be USD 1.75 million, while the operation & maintenance cost has been taken as 19,000 USD/MW/yr.Waste management Retrofitting the old landfill (Providence 1) with landfill gas capture and flaring equipment3 Land transport 30% of private vehicles are electric by 20304 15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles (capital expenditure, and operation & maintenance costs) Cost of priority Adaptation Actions The threats caused by climate change will have significant impacts on Seychelles in the short, medium and longer term on infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy and water security, biodiversity, waste management and on human health and well-being. Although the exact impacts are not known, and more research is needed to better understand the implications of a change global climate on the islands, it is that Seychelles take measures to better understand the threats and begin longer-term planning for adaptation as depicted in the table below.", "answer": { "text": "15.8 MW of solar PV for meeting the energy demand of electric vehicles", "answer_start": 106 @@ -5815,7 +7159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf", - "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030,", + "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector\u2019s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency", "answer_start": 1 @@ -5847,7 +7191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf", - "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030,", + "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector\u2019s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel", "answer_start": 52 @@ -5879,7 +7223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Vanuatu%E2%80%99s%20First%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20(NDC)%20(Updated%20Submission%202020).pdf", - "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030,", + "context": "Transport By 2030, 10% improvement in transport (land and marine) energy efficiency Electric Vehicles (e-Mobility): by 2030, (a) Introduce Electric Vehicles (e-buses) for public transportation (10% of total Public Buses); (b) Introduce Electric Cars (e-Cars) in Vanuatu (10% of government fleet); and (c) 1000 Electric Two wheelers (e-bikes) /Three Wheelers (e- rickshaw) By 2030, 20 % Bio-diesel (bio-fuel) Blending in Diesel By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles Other Sectors - Commercial, Institutional and Residential By 2030, (a) 100% electricity access by households in off-grid areas; (b) 100% electricity access by public institutions (on- and off-grid); (c) 13% electricity sector end-use efficiency; (d) 14% improve biomass end use (improved cook stoves and drying) efficiency; (e) 65% renewable electricity use by rural tourism bungalows. By 2030, installation of 1000 numbers of Biogas Plants for Commercial and Residential Use By 2030, Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Sector, (a) 5% increase in Energy Efficiency in Commercial andResidential Sector; and (b) 10 Numbers of Energy Efficient Building (Green Building) By 2030, Increase Ecotourism Supported by Local Communities These three energy sub-sector targets collectively can reduce GHG emissions approximately 78.786 Gg CO2e from energy sector in comparison to BAU scenario in 2030, which is around 40% reduction in comparison to energy sector\u2019s GHG emissions from the BAU scenario.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, Milage and Emission Standards for Vehicles", "answer_start": 61 @@ -6023,7 +7367,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf", - "context": "The NDC firmly responds to the development objectives of Cabo Verde\u2019s Ambi\u00e7a\u0303o 2030 (Ambition Plan 2030). Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well", + "context": "The NDC firmly responds to the development objectives of Cabo Verde\u2019s Ambi\u00e7a\u0303o 2030 (Ambition Plan 2030). Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well as municipal levels; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way \u2013 covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism \u2013 enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; \u2022 The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap \u2018Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy\u2019 defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) \u2022 The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs.", "answer": { "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050", "answer_start": 52 @@ -6039,7 +7383,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf", - "context": "Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well as municipal levels; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a", + "context": "Cabo Verde\u2019s flagship contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 18% below business-as-usual (BAU) and to increase this target to 24% on the condition of adequate international support; \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including by building a pumped storage and other energy storage capacities; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon public transport, including active modes and international maritime transport; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reverse the trend of habitat degradation, substantially improve biodiversity, water retention, strengthen soils and restore forests and coastal wetlands; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) for water supply mobilisation and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to provide sewage systems to all households and provides safe wastewater treatment, including the use of RE and the recovery of nutrients and energy from wastewater; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to establish comprehensive and coherent planning tools \u2013 adaptation, spatial, urban, disaster response \u2013 at the central as well as municipal levels; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to design and develop its ocean-based economy in a low-carbon way \u2013 covering transport, fishing, coastal infrastructure and coastal energy, tourism \u2013 enhancing nature-based solutions (NbS), conserving and restoring natural habitats; \u2022 The 2025 commitment a specific Roadmap \u2018Responsible Tourism in the Circular Economy\u2019 defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector; \u2022 The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) \u2022 The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs. To ensure robust implementation in line with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) established under the Paris Agreement, Cabo Verde will enact dedicated legislation covering comprehensive monitoring, reporting and evaluation of GHG data, mitigation action as well as adaptation action, and defining a cross-institutional climate governance framework.", "answer": { "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonised economy by 2050", "answer_start": 36 @@ -6087,7 +7431,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "GHG mitigation target Following the guiding principles of using the best available information and striving for non-regression and progress in the ambition, Colombia sets out its mitigation commitment, in terms of the country's maximum absolute emissions in 2030 (an absolute emissions target for a single year) as described below.", + "context": "Meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de GEI Siguiendo los principios rectores de utilizar la mejor informaci\u00f3n disponible y procurar el no retroceso y la progresi\u00f3n de la ambici\u00f3n, Colombia establece su compromiso de mitigaci\u00f3n, en t\u00e9rminos de las emisiones absolutas m\u00e1ximas del pa\u00eds en el a\u00f1o 2030 (meta absoluta de emisiones para un solo a\u00f1o) como se describe a continuaci\u00f3n. Tabla 5. Resumen de la meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigaci\u00f3n Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como m\u00e1ximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducci\u00f3n del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyecci\u00f3n de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo.", "answer": { "text": "iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo", "answer_start": 115 @@ -6103,7 +7447,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Summary of GEI's mitigation target Commitment As part of its mitigation target, Colombia commits to: emit a maximum of 169.44 million t CO2 eq in 2030 (equivalent to a 51% reduction in emissions compared to the 2030 emissions projection in the baseline scenario), initiating a decline in emissions between 2027 and 2030 towards carbon-neutrality by mid-century. Establish carbon budgets for the period 2020-2030 by 2023 at the latest. Reduce black carbon emissions by 40% from 2014 levels.", + "context": "Resumen de la meta de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI Compromiso Como parte de su meta de mitigaci\u00f3n Colombia se compromete a: Emitir como m\u00e1ximo 169.44 millones de t CO2 eq en 2030 (equivalente a una reducci\u00f3n del 51% de las emisiones respecto a la proyecci\u00f3n de emisiones en 2030 en el escenario de referencia), iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo. Establecer presupuestos de carbono para el periodo 2020-2030 a m\u00e1s tardar en 2023. Reducir las emisiones de carbono negro del 40% respecto al nivel de 2014.", "answer": { "text": "iniciando un decrecimiento en las emisiones entre 2027 y 2030 tendiente hacia la carbono-neutralidad a mediados de siglo", "answer_start": 55 @@ -6119,7 +7463,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "The Party is also requested to submit its ozone-depleting substance data for the year 2005, in accordance with Article 7 of the Protocol, in order to enable the Committee to assess the Party's compliance with the Protocol's control measures for the controlled substance in Annex A, group I, (carbon tetrachloride) (carbon tetrachloride).", + "context": "ser\u00e1 importante monitorear el cumplimiento de ambos elementos a lo largo del periodo de la NDC.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 a. C\u00f3mo la Parte considera que su NDC es justa y ambiciosa a la luz de sus circunstancias nacionales. Con la presente contribuci\u00f3n, Costa Rica aument\u00f3 su ambici\u00f3n con respecto a la primera contribuci\u00f3n presentada por Costa Rica ante la CMUCCC en el 2015. A continuaci\u00f3n se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", "answer": { "text": "Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", "answer_start": 77 @@ -6135,7 +7479,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "The following are the main aspects that demonstrate this: - The mitigation targets are aligned with the trajectory of Costa Rica's Long-Term Strategy, the National Plan for Decarbonization, presented by Costa Rica in 2019 and which seeks zero net emissions in 2050 and is consistent with the trajectory of 1.5\u00b0C. - The country has moved from a maximum net emissions target in 2030 from 9.37 to 9.11 million tonnes of CO2e, so that Costa Rica is committed to reducing an additional 0.26 million tonnes of CO2e by 2030. - Costa Rica included for the first time a target with a maximum net emissions budget for the period 2021-2030.", + "context": "A continuaci\u00f3n se describen los principales aspectos que lo evidencian: - Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C. - El pa\u00eds pas\u00f3 de tener una meta de emisiones absolutas netas m\u00e1xima al 2030 de 9.37 a 9.11 millones de toneladas de CO2e. De manera que Costa Rica se compromete a reducir 0,26 millones de toneladas de CO2e m\u00e1s para el a\u00f1o 2030. - Costa Rica incluy\u00f3 por primera vez una meta con un presupuesto m\u00e1ximo de emisiones netas para el peri\u00f3do 2021-2030.", "answer": { "text": "Las metas de mitigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n alineadas con la trayectoria de la Estrategia de Largo Plazo de Costa Rica, el Plan Nacional de Descarbonizaci\u00f3n, presentada por Costa Rica en 2019 y que busca emisiones netas cero en 2050 y es consistente con la trayectoria 1.5 \u00b0C.", "answer_start": 11 @@ -6151,7 +7495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Dominican Republic is guided by the National Development Strategy (Ley 1-2012) and the Climate Change Compatible Development Plan (Plan DECCC-2011) to prepare and communicate sectoral strategies, plans and measures for low-carbon development that reflect its special circumstances in 2030 and its carbon neutrality aspirations in 2050.", + "context": "El pa\u00eds mejora la contabilidad y se han introducido nuevas opciones con una mejor claridad para seguir mostrando los esfuerzos de mitigaci\u00f3n a nivel nacional, con la respectiva aplicaci\u00f3n del Sistema Nacional de MRV, con una desagregaci\u00f3n en lo sectorial a nivel de pa\u00eds.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 e. C\u00f3mo ha abordado la Parte el Art\u00edculo 4, p\u00e1rrafo 6 del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds. La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana se gu\u00eda por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7.", "answer": { "text": "Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050", "answer_start": 84 @@ -6167,7 +7511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Dominican Republic is guided by the National Development Strategy (Ley 1-2012) and the Climate Change Compatible Development Plan (Plan DECCC-2011) to prepare and communicate sectoral strategies, plans and measures for low-carbon development that reflect its special circumstances in 2030 and its aspiration for carbon neutrality in 2050. 7. How the NDC contributes to achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2. How the NDC contributes to the global climate change objectives (Convention, Paris Agreement and decarbonization). Specific mitigation actions and mobilization of financial resources for implementation. a. How the NDC contributes to achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2.", + "context": "La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana se gu\u00eda por la Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo (Ley 1-2012) y por el Plan de Desarrollo Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050. 7. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC para lograr el objetivo de la Convenci\u00f3n como se establece en su Art\u00edculo 2. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC a los objetivos mundiales sobre el cambio clim\u00e1tico (Convenci\u00f3n, Acuerdo de Par\u00eds y descarbonizaci\u00f3n). Acciones espec\u00edficas de mitigaci\u00f3n y movilizaci\u00f3n de recursos financieros para implementaci\u00f3n. a. C\u00f3mo contribuye la NDC a alcanzar el objetivo del Convenio establecido en su Art\u00edculo 2.", "answer": { "text": "Compatible con el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (Plan DECCC-2011) para preparar y comunicar estrategias sectoriales, planes y medidas para un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que reflejen sus circunstancias especiales al 2030 y su aspiraci\u00f3n de carbono neutralidad al 2050", "answer_start": 19 @@ -6215,7 +7559,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "The context and long-term vision for this NDC is set out in RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in", + "context": "The context and long-term vision for this NDC is set out in RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors \u2022 Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) \u2022 Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018.", "answer": { "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", "answer_start": 89 @@ -6231,7 +7575,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025", + "context": "A copy of that strategy is annexed.Nationally Determined Contribution In the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, the Republic of the Marshall Islands: \u2022 commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at \u2022 communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least \u2022 reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest; \u2022 commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; \u2022 commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; \u2022 commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC- related planning, programming and implementation; and \u2022 commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines in the future.Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Parameter Information Timeframe / periods for implementation Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Start year: 2025 End year: 2030 Type of commitment Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF) Reference point or base year 2010 base year (~185 Gg CO2-e) Estimated quantified impact on GHG emissions Commitment to reduce GHG emissions to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025 and to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 Indicative target to reduce GHG emissions by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035 and an aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest Coverage % National emissions Sectors \u2022 Energy - Electricity Generation - Domestic Transportation - Other (Cooking and Lighting) \u2022 Waste (Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible) Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) (Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible) Geographical boundaries Whole of country Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets No Land sector accounting approach N/A Metrics and methodology Consistent with methodologies used in RMI\u2019s Second National Communication (1996 IPCC Guidelines).Parameter Information Planning process RMI\u2019s updated NDC was developed as part of the process to produce and adopt RMI\u2019s Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy, September 2018. Fair and ambitious RMI\u2019s emissions are negligible in the global context (<0.00001% of global emissions).", "answer": { "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", "answer_start": 68 @@ -6247,7 +7591,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).", + "context": "RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. 9. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006).", "answer": { "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", "answer_start": 248 @@ -6263,7 +7607,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20181122%20Marshall%20Islands%20NDC%20to%20UNFCCC%2022%20November%202018%20FINAL.pdf", - "context": "by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). \u00be Focus in the", + "context": "The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy \u2013 which is RMI\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.Section 1 \u2013 Executive Summary Key Recommendations In order to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions by 2050 and 100% renewable energy, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change and achieve resilience in a way that ensures future protection and prosperity of RMI, this 2050 Strategy makes the following recommendations: \u00be Submit, by 2020 at the latest, a new NDC in which, in the context of the necessary means of implementation being available, RMI: x revises its quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 32% below 2010 levels by 2025; x commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of GHGs to at least 45% below 2010 levels by 2030; x communicates an indicative target to reduce its emissions of GHGs by at least 58% below 2010 levels by 2035; x reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest, x commits to producing a National Adaptation Plan by the end of 2019 at the latest that sets out short, medium and long-term milestones to adapt to the impacts of climate change and transition to climate resilience, suggests implementation measures and includes a plan to generate the necessary financing; x commits to submitting an Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC by 2020 at the latest; x commits to a gender-responsive and human rights-based approach in all NDC-related planning, programming and implementation; and x commits to using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines (currently 2006). \u00be Focus in the short and medium term on RMI\u2019s electricity sector to implement GHG reductions consistent with achieving its NDC targets; \u00be Act to reduce RMI\u2019s growing waste problem by minimizing organic material in collected waste and consider possibilities to generate energyfrom waste; \u00be Develop polices to encourage a greater use of public transport, cycling and walking, and the increased uptake of electric vehicles; \u00be Explore options to reduce GHG emissions from domestic ocean-based transport, including improved regulatory control; \u00be Continue efforts to phase out the use of kerosene for lighting and strengthen existing institutional arrangements to reduce GHGs from cooking and lighting; \u00be Establish a long-term finance strategy to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; and identify and consider options for a more coordinated and centralized approach to applying for, and monitor, related overseas aid and investment; \u00be Ensure due diligence is fulfilled before making significant investments to implement this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Prioritize capacity building in all areas relevant for the implementation of this 2050 Strategy and its recommendations; \u00be Mainstream gender and human rights, including in relation to developing, adopting, reviewing and implementing laws, policies and projects related to climate change, and commission further analysis with a view to putting in place a strategy to improve related data collection, monitoring and evaluation; \u00be Include health considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Include education, training & public awareness considerations as part of RMI\u2019s forthcoming National Adaptation Plan; \u00be Review and update, as necessary, this 2050 Strategy as a minimum every five years \u2013 including to recommend targets for inclusion in future NDCs \u2013 at least one year before RMI submits future NDCs; and \u00be Establish a domestic process to oversee reviews and updates to this 2050 Strategy, as well as to monitor its implementation.Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.", "answer": { "text": "reaffirms its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest", "answer_start": 214 @@ -6311,7 +7655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "The vulnerability of the country to the effects of climate change, both at the level of its physical structures, as well as of the platform of ecosystem and anthropogenic services that sustains the national economy, requires an increase in the level of climate ambition in order to guarantee the sustainability and competitiveness of the country in the long term, in a development scenario that, in order to be sustainable, must be climate resilient.", + "context": "La vulnerabilidad del pa\u00eds ante los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, tanto a nivel de sus estructuras f\u00edsicas, como de la plataforma de servicios ecosist\u00e9micos y antropog\u00e9nicos que sustenta la econom\u00eda nacional, exige un aumento en el nivel de ambici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica para garantizar la sostenibilidad y competitividad del pa\u00eds en el largo plazo, en un escenario de desarrollo que para ser sostenible tiene que ser resiliente al clima. En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050, generando benefi cios triples.", "answer": { "text": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050", "answer_start": 67 @@ -6327,7 +7671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Following up on the commitments made by the country under the Paris Agreement (PA), the updating of Panama's first National Determined Contribution (NDC1) is innovative, fair and ambitious, as it is based on an integrated approach, in which actions for adaptation and mitigation complement each other to build resilience and move the country towards carbon neutrality by 2050, generating triple benefits, i.e., producing multiple and tangible results in the areas of economic development, social welfare and environmental sustainability, gender equality and empowerment of women, young people and vulnerable groups, minimizing the damage caused by the impacts of climate change and at the same time maximizing the opportunities offered by climate change.", + "context": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050, generando benefi cios triples. Esto es, que producen resultados m\u00faltiples y tangibles en los \u00e1mbitos del desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, el bienestar social y la sostenibilidad ambiental, la igualdad de g\u00e9nero y empoderamiento de las mujeres, j\u00f3venes y grupos vulnerables, al minimizar el da\u00f1o causado por los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y al mismo tiempo maximizar las oportunidades que ofrece el fi nanciamiento clim\u00e1tico.", "answer": { "text": "En seguimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por el pa\u00eds en el marco del Acuerdo de Paris (AP), la actualizaci\u00f3n de la primera Contribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional de Panam\u00e1 (CDN1) es innovadora, justa y ambiciosa, toda vez que se fundamenta en un enfoque integrado, en el cual las acciones para la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n se complementan para la construcci\u00f3n de resiliencia y avanzar hacia la neutralidad en carbono del pa\u00eds al 2050", "answer_start": 0 @@ -6343,7 +7687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", - "context": "The Republic of Seychelles is committed to reducing economy wide absolute Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 293.8 ktCO2e in 2030 (26.4%) compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario by implementing the following:a. Mitigation Contribution With its new and enhanced mitigation contributions, Seychelles seeks to achieve a substantial mitigation benefit, lowering the GHG emission to a level of 817 ktCO2eq by 2030, relatively to baseline emissions, as well as a lasting adaptation impact in terms of energy and water security for Seychelles and improved resilience across communities. The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure", + "context": "The Republic of Seychelles is committed to reducing economy wide absolute Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 293.8 ktCO2e in 2030 (26.4%) compared to business as usual (BAU) scenario by implementing the following:a. Mitigation Contribution With its new and enhanced mitigation contributions, Seychelles seeks to achieve a substantial mitigation benefit, lowering the GHG emission to a level of 817 ktCO2eq by 2030, relatively to baseline emissions, as well as a lasting adaptation impact in terms of energy and water security for Seychelles and improved resilience across communities. The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector.", "answer": { "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050", "answer_start": 108 @@ -6375,7 +7719,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", - "context": "The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b. Adaptation Contribution As a Small Island Developing State, Seychelles is inherently vulnerable to the impacts and risks associated with climate change, and thus gives high priority to climate adaptation strategies that will improve its", + "context": "The enhanced mitigation contributions include: \u2022 The 2030 commitment to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.4% below business-as-usual (BAU); \u2022 The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050 and to boost electricity generation from renewable energies, including marine energy technologies, bio- energies, such as biomass and waste-to-energy, and the use of environment friendly intermittent energy storage technologies; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to shift progressively to low carbon transport, including active modes and international maritime transport, starting with public transportation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to use renewable energy (RE) by modernizing the entire electricity sector, increased electricity generation from renewable sources, improved energy efficiency across sectors, and to secure a sustainable and resilient water management system through water supply mobilisation; \u2022 The 2030 commitment to ensure that sewage systems and wastewater treatment facilities include nutrients and energy recover; \u2022 The commitment to ensure \u201cResponsible Tourism\u201d in a circular economy, defining a 2030 target of reducing GHG emissions from the sector. b. Adaptation Contribution As a Small Island Developing State, Seychelles is inherently vulnerable to the impacts and risks associated with climate change, and thus gives high priority to climate adaptation strategies that will improve its resilience to these.", "answer": { "text": "The long-term commitment to achieve a decarbonized net-zero emissions economy by 2050", "answer_start": 22 @@ -6391,7 +7735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf", - "context": "European Emission Trading Scheme Gg Gigagram (=Mt) GDP Gross domestic product IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change IPPU Industrial processes and product use sector LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry sector Mt Million tonnes MW Megawatt ME SR Ministry of Economy of the SR MoE SR Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic NECP Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for 2021 - 2030 NMVOC Indirect emissions N2O Nitrous oxide OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAMs Policies and measures SEA Slovak Environment Agency WB World Bank SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SHMI Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Slovak-CGE GHG ENVISAGE-Slovakia applied general equilibrium mode Greenhouse gas UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MFF Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 WEM Scenario with existing measures WAM Scenario with additional measuresSUMMARY This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy (after the completion of the modelling of possible emission scenarios), and therefore other less ambitious emission reduction (and increase in removals) scenarios are analysed in detail: a scenario with existing WEM measures and a scenario with additional WAM measures.", + "context": "83 TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017* \u2013 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017 \u2013 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 84 TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO 85 FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK FORESTS . 86 TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO . 86 TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO . 86 ANNEX II - SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO INDIVIDUAL SECTORS . 88 LULUCF \u2013 expert approach . 90 Waste sector - expert approach. 90 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENARIOS USED IN THE LOW -CARBON STUDY 91 A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS USED . 92LIST OF ACRONYMS BAT Best Available Technologies Carbon dioxide DHS District heating system MS Member State EE Energy efficiency EC European Commission ESD/ESR GHG emissions outside the EU-ETS EU ETS/ ETS European Emission Trading Scheme Gg Gigagram (=Mt) GDP Gross domestic product IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change IPPU Industrial processes and product use sector LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry sector Mt Million tonnes MW Megawatt ME SR Ministry of Economy of the SR MoE SR Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic NECP Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for 2021 - 2030 NMVOC Indirect emissions N2O Nitrous oxide OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PAMs Policies and measures SEA Slovak Environment Agency WB World Bank SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SHMI Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Slovak-CGE GHG ENVISAGE-Slovakia applied general equilibrium mode Greenhouse gas UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change MFF Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 WEM Scenario with existing measures WAM Scenario with additional measuresSUMMARY This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy (after the completion of the modelling of possible emission scenarios), and therefore other less ambitious emission reduction (and increase in removals) scenarios are analysed in detail: a scenario with existing WEM measures and a scenario with additional WAM measures.", "answer": { "text": "This Strategy aims to identify measures, including additional measures, to achieve climate neutrality in Slovakia by 2050. This ambitious target was formally defined only at the last stage of preparation for this Strategy", "answer_start": 361 @@ -6439,7 +7783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "Furthermore, the availability of an energy system less dependent on fossil fuels will reduce the country's exposure to the variations of the international fuel markets, thereby increasing its resilience to international changes and its competitiveness in the global context. Therefore, the objective of this Long-Term Strategy (hereinafter referred to as the ELP or Strategy) is to articulate a coherent and integrated response to the climate crisis, which will take advantage of the opportunities for the modernisation and competitiveness of our economy and be socially just and inclusive. It is a roadmap to move towards climate neutrality by 20501, with intermediate milestones in 2030 and 2040.", + "context": "Asimismo, la disponibilidad de un sistema energ\u00e9tico menos dependiente de los combustibles f\u00f3siles, disminuir\u00e1 la exposici\u00f3n del pa\u00eds a las variaciones de los mercados internacionales de combustibles, aumentando as\u00ed su resiliencia frente a los cambios internacionales y su competitividad en el contexto global. Por ello, el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis clim\u00e1tica, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernizaci\u00f3n y competitividad de nuestra econom\u00eda y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad clim\u00e1tica en el horizonte 20501, con hitos intermedios en 2030 y 2040.", "answer": { "text": "el objetivo de esta Estrategia a Largo Plazo (en adelante ELP o Estrategia) es articular una respuesta coherente e integrada frente a la crisis clim\u00e1tica, que aproveche las oportunidades para la modernizaci\u00f3n y competitividad de nuestra econom\u00eda y sea socialmente justa e inclusiva. Se trata de una hoja de ruta para avanzar hacia la neutralidad clim\u00e1tica en el horizonte 2050", "answer_start": 45 @@ -6695,7 +8039,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Within this perspective, Equatorial Guinea has carried out the present Update of its CFCs since 2019, being able to paralyse the process by the COVID19 pandemic; resuming the process in 2021 with 9 consultations and validation meetings.", + "context": "Dentro de esta perspectiva, Guinea Ecuatorial ha realizado la presente Actualizaci\u00f3n de sus CDN desde el a\u00f1o 2019, pudiendo paralizar el proceso por la pandemia COVID19; reanudando el proceso en el a\u00f1o 2021 con 9 consultor\u00edas y reuniones de validaci\u00f3n. El resultado del INGEI, elaborado de abril del 2021 a marzo del 2021, fue un aumento de las emisiones de GEI de forma progresiva. Teniendo en cuenta que la ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2010.", "answer": { "text": "con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050,", "answer_start": 88 @@ -6711,7 +8055,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Taking into account that Equatorial Guinea's ambition in the first NCD was to reduce emissions by 20% by 2030, with the aim of achieving 50% by 2050, with reference to 2010, Equatorial Guinea's ambition in its updated NCD has increased and has the aim of reducing emissions by 35% by 2030, with the aim of achieving 50% by 2050, with a total reduction of 379.291.54 Gg CO2eq, with reference to 2019 (446.215.38 Gg CO2eq).", + "context": "Teniendo en cuenta que la ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en la primera CDN fue reducir las emisiones en un 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2010. La ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial en su CDN actualizada se ha aumentado y tiene el objetivo de reducir las emisiones en un 35% para el a\u00f1o 2030, con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050, con una reducci\u00f3n total de 379.291,54 Gg CO2eq, con referencia al a\u00f1o 2019 (446.215,38 Gg CO2eq). La pr\u00f3xima actualizaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 en el a\u00f1o 2027.", "answer": { "text": "con la meta de alcanzar el 50% para el 2050,", "answer_start": 24 @@ -6727,7 +8071,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Guinea%20Ecuatorial_INDC.pdf", - "context": "The Government of Equatorial Guinea has adopted the National Plan for Economic and Social Development (PNDES) to Horizon 2020, which is perfectly in line with the Millennium Development Goals and the ambitions for the reduction of CO2 emissions; since it is committed to the diversification of the economy, with an approach to the green economy (tourism, forestry, business, etc.). Based on the above, Equatorial Guinea's ambition is to reduce its emissions by 20% by 2030, compared to 2010 levels; in order to achieve a 50% reduction by 2050.", + "context": "En el a\u00f1o 2007, el Gobierno adopt\u00f3 el Plan Nacional para el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3mico y Social (PNDES) al Horizonte 2020, el cual encaja perfectamente con los Objetivos del Milenio para el Desarrollo y las ambiciones para la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de CO2 ; puesto que se apuesta por la diversificaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda, con un enfoque de la econom\u00eda verde (el turismo, silvicultura, negocios, etc.). En base a lo se\u00f1alado anteriormente, la ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el a\u00f1o 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducci\u00f3n de 50% para el a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer": { "text": "La ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el a\u00f1o 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducci\u00f3n de 50% para el a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer_start": 72 @@ -6743,7 +8087,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Guinea%20Ecuatorial_INDC.pdf", - "context": "In the light of the above, Equatorial Guinea's ambition is to reduce its emissions by 20% by 2030, compared to 2010 levels, with a view to achieving a 50% reduction by 2050, provided that support is favourable, predictable and that climate finance mechanisms are made viable and distortions in existing market mechanisms are corrected.", + "context": "En base a lo se\u00f1alado anteriormente, la ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el a\u00f1o 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducci\u00f3n de 50% para el a\u00f1o 2050. Eso, condicionado a que el apoyo sea favorable, previsible y, que se viabilice los mecanismos de financiamiento clim\u00e1tico y se corrijan las distorsiones de los mecanismos de mercado existentes. Es necesario el apoyo t\u00e9cnico favorable y financiero favorable tanto del gobierno nacional como de la comunidad internacional. 5.", "answer": { "text": "La ambici\u00f3n de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el a\u00f1o 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducci\u00f3n de 50% para el a\u00f1o 2050.", "answer_start": 6 @@ -6855,7 +8199,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.", + "context": "Explore potential for emissions reductions in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector Indicative actions supporting implementation of mitigation targets 1. Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5.", "answer": { "text": "Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector", "answer_start": 271 @@ -6871,7 +8215,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/ATG%20-%20UNFCCC%20NDC%20-%202021-09-02%20-%20Final.pdf", - "context": "(for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.", + "context": "Energy Sector a) Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development None 2015 Unconditional b) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all appliances 2020 2015 Conditional c) Dedicated technical and other support aimed at de-risking investments in greenhouse gas reduction by MSMEs in Antigua and Barbuda d) A legal and technical framework is established as an enabling environment to support the raising of necessary resources for the low greenhouse gas emissions, climate resilient transition from international support providers, private sector (community, national, and international levels), and social investors a) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity available to the grid 2030 2015 (Updated in Conditional b) 50 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by farmers who can sell electricity to off-takers c) 100 MW of renewable energy generation capacity owned by social investment entities for (for e.g., Social Security Board, Medical BenefitAntigua and Barbuda\u2019s 2021 update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution Scheme, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, community-based organization, taxi associations, bus associations, and other businesses registered as social investors) d) 20 MW of wind-powered energy generation 2030 e) 100% renewable energy generation for all government operations 2030 f) 100% of fixtures and appliances in government buildings will be energy efficient g) Elimination of the fuel surcharge tax on electricity bills 2030 h) Finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant a) Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector b) Ban on the importation of new internal combustion engine vehicles (with an indicative start year of 2025) c) 100% of government vehicles will be electric vehicles 2035 d) Establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles 2020 2015 Conditional a) Circular economy policy and regulations agreed on 2025 2021 Conditional 5. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use a) All remaining wetlands, watershed areas, and seagrass bed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks (Updated in Conditional Adaptation2 6.", "answer": { "text": "Change fiscal policies on fossil fuel by 2025 to enable the transition to 100% renewable energy generation in the transportation sector", "answer_start": 248 @@ -6903,7 +8247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "Finally, the Walloon and Flemish strategies recognise the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation and maritime transport, in particular by using climate-friendly alternative fuels. Among other things, the federal level will ensure an efficient rail network with sufficient interconnections with neighbouring countries to allow an increase in the share of rail in the transport of people and goods. Furthermore, it can support the transition to alternative modes of transport and zero-emission vehicles, thanks to its expertise in taxation and product standardisation.", + "context": "Enfin, les strat\u00e9gies wallonne et flamande reconnaissent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre provenant de l aviation et du transport maritime internationaux, notamment par des carburants alternatifs respectueux du climat. Le niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assurera, entre autres, un r\u00e9seau ferroviaire performant disposant d\u2019interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises. En outre il peut soutenir, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles.", "answer": { "text": "il peut soutenir, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles.", "answer_start": 73 @@ -6919,7 +8263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "In addition, it can support the transition to alternative modes of transport and zero-emission vehicles through its expertise in taxation and standardisation of products, provided that the modal shift to alternatives to passenger cars has taken place and that the electricity used for transport is of renewable origin. 9 This means that a single journey is made with several modes of transport, the user using the most appropriate means of transport for each part of the journey and can easily switch from one mode to another.", + "context": "En outre il peut soutenir, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles. transports d ici 2050, \u00e0 condition que le transfert modal vers des alternatives \u00e0 la voiture particuli\u00e8re ait eu lieu et que l \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour les transports soit d origine renouvelable. 9 Ceci signifie qu un seul voyage est effectu\u00e9 avec plusieurs modes de transport, l utilisateur utilisant le moyen de transport le plus appropri\u00e9 pour chaque partie du voyage et pouvant facilement passer d un mode \u00e0 l autre.", "answer": { "text": "il peut soutenir, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -7031,7 +8375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies to improve performance, increase the use of vehicles (intermodality, taxis, VTCs, carpooling, self-sharing), and the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline price policy); and the taking into account of household budgetary constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Les deux suivantes portent plut\u00f4t sur les impacts des strat\u00e9gies de transports bas carbone, d\u2019une part sur les enjeux et fili\u00e8res industrielles, et d\u2019autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des m\u00e9nages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement.", "answer": { "text": "Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence)", "answer_start": 110 @@ -7047,7 +8391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies for improving performance, increasing vehicle use (intermodality, taxis, VTC, carpooling, self-sharing), the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline pricing policy); and the taking into account of household budget constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales.", "answer": { "text": "Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence)", "answer_start": 75 @@ -7063,7 +8407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "The balances found between these different solutions will have important consequences for the materials industries and for those producing building components and equipment. Similarly, the transport and associated network choices will have major impacts both on the structural materials industries for infrastructure (steel, concrete) and on the manufacturing industries for assembly, parts production and, ultimately, zero-emission vehicles (electrical and even hydrogen). Whether in building or transport, the life-cycle perspective must be adopted for the development of suitable solutions, from a \"circular economy\" perspective, the key times of which can be presented as a 3R: reduce-reduce-recycle approach. Source: CEREMA, TRANUS model sheet.", + "context": "Les \u00e9quilibres trouv\u00e9s entre ces diff\u00e9rentes solutions auront des cons\u00e9quences importantes pour les industries de mat\u00e9riaux et pour celles produisant des composants et \u00e9quipements du b\u00e2timent. De m\u00eame, les choix en mati\u00e8re de transports et de r\u00e9seaux associ\u00e9s auront des impacts majeurs \u00e0 la fois sur les industries de mat\u00e9riaux structurels pour les infrastructures (acier, b\u00e9ton) et sur les industries manufacturi\u00e8res pour l\u2019assemblage, la production des pi\u00e8ces et, in fine, celle des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions (\u00e9lectriques, voire hydrog\u00e8ne). Que ce soit dans le b\u00e2timent ou les transports, la perspective du cycle de vie doit \u00eatre adopt\u00e9e pour le d\u00e9veloppement de solutions adapt\u00e9es, dans une perspective \u00ab d\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire \u00bb, dont les temps-cl\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme une approche 3R : Reduce-Reuse-Recycle. Source : CEREMA, fiche mod\u00e8le TRANUS.", "answer": { "text": "Que ce soit dans le b\u00e2timent ou les transports, la perspective du cycle de vie doit \u00eatre adopt\u00e9e pour le d\u00e9veloppement de solutions adapt\u00e9es, dans une perspective \u00ab d\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire \u00bb, dont les temps-cl\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme une approche 3R : Reduce-Reuse-Recycle", "answer_start": 78 @@ -7127,7 +8471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs;", "answer_start": 116 @@ -7143,7 +8487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation:", "answer_start": 255 @@ -7159,7 +8503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions", + "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.", "answer": { "text": "change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation:", "answer_start": 112 @@ -7303,7 +8647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuci%C3%B3n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture Measure Name Implementer Target 2030 Code Description Sustainable mobility (electro-mobility and biofuels) Energy matrix change MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE of tonnes of CO 80% of electricity generation comes from clean energy sources for This measure seeks to address a program to renew the private vehicle fleet towards more efficient alternatives. It will combine regulatory measures (vehicle gas regulation) with incentives (tax credits or other tax measures) for the purchase and replacement of more efficient vehicles (hybrid and electric), as well as the establishment of the infrastructure necessary for their operation. It also considers the implementation of a program to promote the use of advanced ethanol in gasoline in Guatemala. This program will combine regulatory measures such as a new law to reduce emissions in car", + "context": "Agricultura Nombre de la medida Implementador Meta al 2030 C\u00f3digo Descripci\u00f3n Movilidad sostenible (electro- movilidad y biocombustibles) Cambio en la matriz energ\u00e9tica MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE de toneladas de CO 80 % de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica proviene de energ\u00edas limpias para Esta medida trata de abordar un programa de renovaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas m\u00e1s eficientes. Combinar\u00e1 medidas regulatorias (reglamento de gases vehiculares) con incentivos (cr\u00e9ditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales) para la compra y reemplazo por veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s eficientes (h\u00edbridos y el\u00e9ctricos), adem\u00e1s del establecimiento de la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento. Tambi\u00e9n considera la puesta en marcha de un programa para promover el uso del etanol avanzado en la gasolina en Guatemala. Ese programa combinar\u00e1 medidas regulatorias como una nueva ley para disminuir emisiones en los carros que usan gasolina.", "answer": { "text": "con incentivos (cr\u00e9ditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales)", "answer_start": 73 @@ -7319,7 +8663,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2022-06/NDC%20-%20Guatemala%202021.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture Measure Name Implementer Target 2030 Code Description Sustainable mobility (electro-mobility and biofuels) Energy matrix change MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE of tonnes of CO 80% of electricity generation comes from clean energy sources for This measure seeks to address a program to renew the private vehicle fleet towards more efficient alternatives. It will combine regulatory measures (vehicle gas regulation) with incentives (tax credits or other tax measures) for the purchase and replacement of more efficient vehicles (hybrid and electric), as well as the establishment of the infrastructure necessary for their operation. It also considers the implementation of a program to promote the use of advanced ethanol in gasoline in Guatemala. This program will combine regulatory measures such as a new law to reduce emissions in car", + "context": "Agricultura Nombre de la medida Implementador Meta al 2030 C\u00f3digo Descripci\u00f3n Movilidad sostenible (electro- movilidad y biocombustibles) Cambio en la matriz energ\u00e9tica MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE de toneladas de CO 80 % de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica proviene de energ\u00edas limpias para Esta medida trata de abordar un programa de renovaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas m\u00e1s eficientes. Combinar\u00e1 medidas regulatorias (reglamento de gases vehiculares) con incentivos (cr\u00e9ditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales) para la compra y reemplazo por veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s eficientes (h\u00edbridos y el\u00e9ctricos), adem\u00e1s del establecimiento de la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento. Tambi\u00e9n considera la puesta en marcha de un programa para promover el uso del etanol avanzado en la gasolina en Guatemala. Ese programa combinar\u00e1 medidas regulatorias como una nueva ley para disminuir emisiones en los carros que usan gasolina.", "answer": { "text": "con incentivos (cr\u00e9ditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales)", "answer_start": 73 @@ -7447,7 +8791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050, it is necessary to achieve the emissions target presented in Colombia\u2019s most recent NDC. To this end, it is essential that national emissions reach their highest (peak) level by 2030 and begin a decreasing trajectory. For general actionE2050 Strategic messages of the E2050 Compared to the National Government\u2019s plan for economic rehabilitation in the face of the crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the figures for 2021 and 2022 are very similar to the expected annual loss (PAE) in the face of prioritized climate threats. Early action (from today to 5 years) is key to achieving the carbon neutrality targets by half a century.", + "context": "Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la m\u00e1s reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel m\u00e1s alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento. Para la acci\u00f3n generalE2050 Mensajes estrat\u00e9gicos de la E2050 En comparaci\u00f3n con el plan de rehabilitaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la p\u00e9rdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas clim\u00e1ticas priorizadas. La acci\u00f3n temprana (de hoy a 5 a\u00f1os) es clave para lograr los objetivos de carbono neutralidad hacia mitad de siglo.", "answer": { "text": "En comparaci\u00f3n con el plan de rehabilitaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la p\u00e9rdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas clim\u00e1ticas priorizadas.", "answer_start": 54 @@ -7479,7 +8823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of ATE 2020-2030 will result in a reduction in air pollution, leading to fewer Panamanians suffering from respiratory diseases, higher quality of life especially in the post-COVID period19 and lower costs to the health system, resulting in accumulated savings of B/.43 million by 2030 and B/.195 million by 2050.", + "context": "La implementaci\u00f3n de la ATE 2020-2030 generar\u00e1 una disminuci\u00f3n de la contaminaci\u00f3n del aire, conllevando a que menos paname\u00f1os padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, m\u00e1s calidad de vida especialmente en \u00e9poca post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas econ\u00f3micas que traer\u00eda el realizar inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de esta \u00edndole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso pa\u00eds.", "answer": { "text": "La implementaci\u00f3n de la ATE 2020-2030 generar\u00e1 una disminuci\u00f3n de la contaminaci\u00f3n del aire, conllevando a que menos paname\u00f1os padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, m\u00e1s calidad de vida especialmente en \u00e9poca post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas econ\u00f3micas que traer\u00eda el realizar inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de esta \u00edndole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso pa\u00eds.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -7495,7 +8839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "The following table lists the adaptation measures adopted by sector.Table 2. Adaptation measures by vulnerable sectors Sector Adaptation measures Agriculture and livestock Development of a climate-resilient and intelligent agricultural policy Development of agropastoral irrigation Establishment of an effective early warning and response system throughout the territory in the event of the emergence of new bovine or caprine diseases Biodiversity and forestry Extension of the area with protected area status Extension of the area reforested Fisheries and coastal and marine ecosystems Monitoring and restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems Awareness and safety of fishermen in the face of climate hazards Water resources Public access to an improved water source Dissemination and adoption of the principle of integrated water resources management Health Development of a sustainable strategy to combat malaria and new emerging diseases such as COVID", + "context": "Le tableau ci- dessous recense les actions d\u2019adaptations fix\u00e9es par secteur.Tableau 2. Actions d\u2019adaptation par secteurs vuln\u00e9rables Secteur Actions d\u2019adaptation Agriculture et \u00e9levage D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une politique agricole r\u00e9siliente et intelligente au climat D\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversit\u00e9 et for\u00eat Extension de la superficie disposant d\u2019un statut d\u2019aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e Extension de la superficie rebois\u00e9e P\u00eache et \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers et marins Suivi et restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins et c\u00f4tiers Sensibilisation et s\u00e9curisation des p\u00eacheurs face aux al\u00e9as climatiques Ressources en eau Acc\u00e8s de la population \u00e0 une source d\u2019eau am\u00e9lior\u00e9e Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des ressources en eau Sant\u00e9 D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies \u00e9mergentes comme la COVID-19 D\u00e9veloppement et mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies \u00e9mergentes comme la COVID-19", "answer_start": 124 @@ -7511,7 +8855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "Adaptation measures by vulnerable sectors Sector Adaptation measures Agriculture and livestock Development of a climate-resilient and intelligent agricultural policy Development of agropastoral irrigation Implementation of an effective early warning and response system throughout the territory in the event of the emergence of new bovine or caprine diseases Biodiversity and forestry Extension of protected area status Extension of reforested area Fisheries and coastal and marine ecosystems Monitoring and restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems Awareness and safety of fishermen in the face of climate hazards Water resources Public access to an improved water source Dissemination and adoption of the principle of integrated water resources management Health Development of a sustainable strategy to combat malaria and new emerging diseases such as COVID-19 Development and implementation of an effective early warning and response system throughout the territory in the event of the emergence", + "context": "Actions d\u2019adaptation par secteurs vuln\u00e9rables Secteur Actions d\u2019adaptation Agriculture et \u00e9levage D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une politique agricole r\u00e9siliente et intelligente au climat D\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversit\u00e9 et for\u00eat Extension de la superficie disposant d\u2019un statut d\u2019aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e Extension de la superficie rebois\u00e9e P\u00eache et \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers et marins Suivi et restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins et c\u00f4tiers Sensibilisation et s\u00e9curisation des p\u00eacheurs face aux al\u00e9as climatiques Ressources en eau Acc\u00e8s de la population \u00e0 une source d\u2019eau am\u00e9lior\u00e9e Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des ressources en eau Sant\u00e9 D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies \u00e9mergentes comme la COVID-19 D\u00e9veloppement et mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies. Infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales D\u00e9veloppement et mis en \u0153uvre de plans d\u2019am\u00e9nagement/d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales int\u00e9grant le changement climatique R\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures routi\u00e8res actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vuln\u00e9rables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies \u00e9mergentes comme la COVID-19", "answer_start": 112 @@ -7559,7 +8903,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Niger_R%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_2021.pdf", - "context": "The review of the UNCCD puts Niger on a low-carbon development path to ensure the resilience of populations, ecosystems, productive bases and its development infrastructure. Niger continues, despite this period of pandemic at COVID-19 and decades of insecurity in the Sahara and Sahel and displacement of populations, to implement measures to adapt and combat the adverse effects of climate change. This situation negates the efforts of the Government and slows down socio-economic activities in the country.II.", + "context": "La r\u00e9vision de la CDN met le Niger sur une trajectoire de d\u00e9veloppement sobre en carbone pour assurer la r\u00e9silience des populations, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, des bases productives et de ses infrastructures de d\u00e9veloppement. Le Niger continue, malgr\u00e9 cette p\u00e9riode de pand\u00e9mie \u00e0 COVID-19 et ces d\u00e9cennies marqu\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le d\u00e9placement des populations, d\u2019appliquer les mesures pour s\u2019adapter et lutter contre les effets n\u00e9fastes du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activit\u00e9s socio\u00e9conomiques dans le pays.II.", "answer": { "text": "Le Niger continue, malgr\u00e9 cette p\u00e9riode de pand\u00e9mie \u00e0 COVID-19 et ces d\u00e9cennies marqu\u00e9es par l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le d\u00e9placement des populations, d\u2019appliquer les mesures pour s\u2019adapter et lutter contre les effets n\u00e9fastes du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activit\u00e9s socio\u00e9conomiques dans le pays.", "answer_start": 33 @@ -7623,7 +8967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The incidence of poverty calculated on this new basis is 45.5% at the national level. Togo\u2019s Human Development Index (HDI) rose from 0.426 in 2000 to 0.484 in 2014 and then to 0.484 in 2015, placing the country now 162nd out of 188 countries with comparable data. Placing the emergence at the heart of its ambition, Togo has made remarkable progress over the past 10 years and has set itself high targets for economic growth and social and human development for the years to come. The global pandemic caused by Covid-19 is an unprecedented shock that will have important repercussions for Africa and particularly for Togo.", + "context": "L\u2019incidence de pauvret\u00e9 calcul\u00e9e sur cette nouvelle base est de 45,5% au niveau national. L\u2019Indice de d\u00e9veloppement humain (IDH) du Togo est pass\u00e9 de 0,426 en 2000 \u00e0 0,484 en 2014 puis 0,484 en 2015, ce qui place aujourd hui le pays au 162\u00e8me rang, sur les 188 pays disposant de donn\u00e9es comparables. Pla\u00e7ant l \u00e9mergence au c\u0153ur de son ambition, le Togo a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es remarquables lors des 10 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et s est fix\u00e9 des objectifs de croissance \u00e9conomique et de d\u00e9veloppement social et humain \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. La pandd\u00e9mie mondiale due \u00e0 la Covid-19 est un choc sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent qui aura des r\u00e9percussions importantes pour l\u2019Afrique et particuli\u00e8rement pour le Togo.", "answer": { "text": "La pandd\u00e9mie mondiale due \u00e0 la Covid-19 est un choc sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent qui aura des r\u00e9percussions importantes pour l\u2019Afrique et particuli\u00e8rement pour le Togo.", "answer_start": 94 @@ -7639,7 +8983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The global pandemic caused by Covid-19 is an unprecedented shock that will have a significant impact on Africa and particularly on Togo. However, Togo wants to give a new impetus to its economy and society in the form of a concrete strategic plan.", + "context": "La pandd\u00e9mie mondiale due \u00e0 la Covid-19 est un choc sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent qui aura des r\u00e9percussions importantes pour l\u2019Afrique et particuli\u00e8rement pour le Togo. Toutefois, le Togo souhaite donner une impulsion nouvelle \u00e0 son \u00e9conomie et \u00e0 sa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sous la forme d\u2019un plan strat\u00e9gique concret. Aussi, le gouvernement s\u2019est-il d\u00e9fini une feuille de route lanc\u00e9e en octobre 2020 pour l\u2019horlizon 2025.", "answer": { "text": "La pandd\u00e9mie mondiale due \u00e0 la Covid-19 est un choc sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent qui aura des r\u00e9percussions importantes pour l\u2019Afrique et particuli\u00e8rement pour le Togo.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -7671,7 +9015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf", - "context": "COYUNTURA - COVID 19 To the national situation generated by the illegal application of the MCU, are added the effects produced by the health crisis of the pandemic of COVID-19, which call for the immediate adoption of measures for the protection of the Venezuelan people.", + "context": "COYUNTURA - COVID 19 A la situaci\u00f3n nacional generada por la aplicaci\u00f3n ilegal de las MCU, se suman los efectos producidos por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia de la COVID-19, que demandan la adopci\u00f3n inmediata de medidas para la protecci\u00f3n del pueblo venezolano. Como ha sido reconocido por la CEPAL (Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe) la pandemia visibiliz\u00f3 los problemas estructurales del sistema del modelo econ\u00f3mico, y las carencias del sistema de protecci\u00f3n social en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe.", "answer": { "text": "A la situaci\u00f3n nacional generada por la aplicaci\u00f3n ilegal de las MCU, se suman los efectos producidos por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia de la COVID-19, que demandan la adopci\u00f3n inmediata de medidas para la protecci\u00f3n del pueblo venezolano. Como ha sido reconocido por la CEPAL (Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe) la pandemia visibiliz\u00f3 los problemas estructurales del sistema del modelo econ\u00f3mico, y las carencias del sistema de protecci\u00f3n social en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe.", "answer_start": 4 @@ -7847,7 +9191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Cabo%20Verde_NDC%20Update%202021.pdf", - "context": "and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation. Encourage the international community to bring ocean transport decarbonisation technologies to scale; \u2022 By 2023, finalise a policy and targets on reducing GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport (passenger-, cargo- and tourist- vessels, ports, fuel storage, supply chains, logistics), based on a detailed feasibility assessment; \u2022 Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, so as to make this mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs; \u2022 By 2050, fully replace all residual thermal vehicles (gasoline/diesel) for Electric Vehicles (EV); \u2022 Implement the NAMA \u201cPromotion of EV in Cabo Verde\" and the Electric Mobility Action Plan involving: \u2022 By 2025, establish the procurement rules for the acquisition of 100% EV by institutional entities and have at least 50% of EV in the new acquisition of urban collective transport (see table 5 below); \u2022 Gradually install of a wide-reaching network of recharging stations, with priority to public, collective, grouped charging stations at bus/taxi/company stations benefiting the greatest number of users,Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first", + "context": "and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation. Encourage the international community to bring ocean transport decarbonisation technologies to scale; \u2022 By 2023, finalise a policy and targets on reducing GHG emissions in domestic maritime transport (passenger-, cargo- and tourist- vessels, ports, fuel storage, supply chains, logistics), based on a detailed feasibility assessment; \u2022 Electrify the vehicles fleet with a priority for public, collective, high-passenger load, duty and commercial vehicles over private, individual, low-passenger load vehicles, so as to make this mobility shift socially inclusive and create public adherence and local jobs; \u2022 By 2050, fully replace all residual thermal vehicles (gasoline/diesel) for Electric Vehicles (EV); \u2022 Implement the NAMA \u201cPromotion of EV in Cabo Verde\" and the Electric Mobility Action Plan involving: \u2022 By 2025, establish the procurement rules for the acquisition of 100% EV by institutional entities and have at least 50% of EV in the new acquisition of urban collective transport (see table 5 below); \u2022 Gradually install of a wide-reaching network of recharging stations, with priority to public, collective, grouped charging stations at bus/taxi/company stations benefiting the greatest number of users,Cabo Verde: 2020 Update to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) complemented by private stations; starting in the main urban centers of Cabo Verde and along strategic road corridors; \u2022 By 2030, the national public recharge infrastructure is fully implemented; \u2022 By 2030, the public administration\u2019s vehicle fleet is fully electrified.", "answer": { "text": "develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation. Encourage the international community to bring ocean transport decarbonisation technologies to scale", "answer_start": 1 @@ -7975,7 +9319,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "While recognising that, in the light of current knowledge and available technologies, electric mobility powered solely by renewable energies is not necessarily the solution for all types of vehicle, Luxembourg is pursuing an ambitious roadmap which envisages electrification of almost half of the car fleet by 2030. Indeed, the target set in the PNEC corresponds to a share of 49% of electric vehicles (all electric and hybrid rechargeable) in the car fleet by 2030.156 The diffusion of electric vehicles in Luxembourg naturally depends on the more or less rapid evolution of the international car market, but also on national measures to promote and put in place adequate recharging infrastructure.", + "context": "Tout en reconnaissant qu\u2019au vu des connaissances actuelles et des technologies disponibles l\u2019\u00e9lectromobilit\u00e9 aliment\u00e9e par les seules \u00e9nergies renouvelables n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment la solution pour tous les types de v\u00e9hicules, le Luxembourg poursuit une feuille de route ambitieuse qui table sur une \u00e9lectrification de pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 du parc automobile d\u2019ici 2030. En effet, l\u2019objectif retenu dans le PNEC correspond \u00e0 une part de 49% de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques (tout \u00e9lectrique et hybride rechargeable) du parc automobile en 2030156. La diffusion des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques au Luxembourg d\u00e9pend bien entendu de l\u2019\u00e9volution plus ou moins rapide du march\u00e9 automobile international, mais aussi de mesures nationales de promotion et de mise en place de l\u2019infrastructure de recharge ad\u00e9quate.", "answer": { "text": "En effet, l\u2019objectif retenu dans le PNEC correspond \u00e0 une part de 49% de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques (tout \u00e9lectrique et hybride rechargeable) du parc automobile en 2030", "answer_start": 53 @@ -8055,7 +9399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU\u2019s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar", + "context": "Let us build back better. Aaron Farrugia Minister for the Environment, Climate Change and PlanningMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy List of AbbreviationsMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy AD Anaerobic Digestor Bln Billion CC Climate Change CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbines CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon Dioxide CO eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CPD Civil Protection Department DR Discount Rate EC European Commission EE Energy Efficiency/ Efficient EfW Energy-from-Waste ERA Environment and Resource Authority ETS Emission Trading Schemes EU European Union EV Electric Vehicle EWA Energy and Water Agency FDI Foreign Direct Investment GHG Greenhouse Gas GHGE Greenhouse Gas Emission GwH Gigawatt Hour HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons ICE Internal Combustion Engine IM Infrastructure Malta Kt Kiloton Ktoe Kilotonnes of Oil Equivalent kWh Kilowatt-hourMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU\u2019s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar Water Heaters SWHP Solar Water Heat Pumps TM Transport Malta ton A short ton, equal to 2,000 U.S. pounds tonne A metric ton, equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 pounds) UM University of Malta UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change US United States W Watts WCMP 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan for the Maltese Islands Wp Watt PeakTemporary spacer page Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyExecutive SummaryMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Climate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon which is posing enormous and growing threats and challenges on a daily basis, especially on small island states like Malta1.", "answer": { "text": "National Energy and Climate Plan", "answer_start": 219 @@ -8071,7 +9415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU\u2019s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar", + "context": "Aaron Farrugia Minister for the Environment, Climate Change and PlanningMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy List of AbbreviationsMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy AD Anaerobic Digestor Bln Billion CC Climate Change CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbines CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon Dioxide CO eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CPD Civil Protection Department DR Discount Rate EC European Commission EE Energy Efficiency/ Efficient EfW Energy-from-Waste ERA Environment and Resource Authority ETS Emission Trading Schemes EU European Union EV Electric Vehicle EWA Energy and Water Agency FDI Foreign Direct Investment GHG Greenhouse Gas GHGE Greenhouse Gas Emission GwH Gigawatt Hour HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons ICE Internal Combustion Engine IM Infrastructure Malta Kt Kiloton Ktoe Kilotonnes of Oil Equivalent kWh Kilowatt-hourMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDV Low Carbon Development Vision (2017) LED Light-emitting diode LTRS Long Term Renovation Strategy LULUCF Agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve MCST Malta Council for Science and Technology MECP Ministry for Environment, Climate Change and Planning (previously Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change) MFF The EU\u2019s Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 MFH Ministry for Health Mln Million MS Member States MT Million Tons MTIP Ministry for Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects MW Megawatts MW(e) Megawatt electrical, a unit of electric power MWh Megawatt hour NECP National Energy and Climate Plan(s) NFRP National Flood Relief Project Nm Nautical Miles NPV Net Present Value NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan NSO National Statistics Office OFW Offshore floating wind turbines OFSPV Offshore floating solar PVs OHS Occupational Health and SafetyMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy OHSA Occupational Health & Safety Authority pa Per annum PV Photovoltaic R&D Research & Development R&I Research and Innovation RDD Rural Development Department, Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food and Animal Rights RDI Research, Development & Innovation RE/ RES Renewable Energy/ RE sources REWS Regulator for Energy and Water Services SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SWH Solar Water Heaters SWHP Solar Water Heat Pumps TM Transport Malta ton A short ton, equal to 2,000 U.S. pounds tonne A metric ton, equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 pounds) UM University of Malta UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change US United States W Watts WCMP 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan for the Maltese Islands Wp Watt PeakTemporary spacer page Malta Low Carbon Development StrategyExecutive SummaryMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Climate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon which is posing enormous and growing threats and challenges on a daily basis, especially on small island states like Malta1. It is no longer a matter of \u2018if\u2019 CC will happen, but rather of \u2018when\u2019, \u2018at which intensity\u2019 and \u2018where it will hit worst\u2019.", "answer": { "text": "National Energy and Climate Plan", "answer_start": 214 @@ -8423,7 +9767,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf", - "context": "activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial", + "context": "The MED has coordinative oversight of the NCCC and the implementation of the NCCPF. Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5\u00b0C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)\u201d.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives.", "answer": { "text": "National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors", "answer_start": 208 @@ -8439,7 +9783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf", - "context": "activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial", + "context": "Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5\u00b0C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)\u201d.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives. To accompany all of these actions, GOB is also taking steps to put systems and processes in place to institutionalise a formal monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system to track national emissions and the impact of specific mitigation actions.", "answer": { "text": "National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors", "answer_start": 194 @@ -8775,7 +10119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf", - "context": "It is one of the most developed networks in Latin America. The density of roads is highest in the central-northern region of the country, where the majority of the population is concentrated. Currently, transport activities are under the competence of the Ministry of Popular Power for Transport, an institution oriented to the optimization of the service of land, air, water transport, road infrastructure and its related services.", + "context": "Es una de las redes m\u00e1s desarrolladas de Am\u00e9rica Latina. La densidad de la vialidad es m\u00e1s alta en la regi\u00f3n centro-norte del pa\u00eds, donde se concentra la mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n. Actualmente, las actividades de transporte est\u00e1n bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, instituci\u00f3n orientada a la optimizaci\u00f3n del servicio de transporte terrestre, a\u00e9reo, acu\u00e1tico, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creaci\u00f3n, en el a\u00f1o 2014, de la Misi\u00f3n Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.", "answer": { "text": "Actualmente, las actividades de transporte est\u00e1n bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, instituci\u00f3n orientada a la optimizaci\u00f3n del servicio de transporte terrestre, a\u00e9reo, acu\u00e1tico, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creaci\u00f3n, en el a\u00f1o 2014, de la Misi\u00f3n Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.", "answer_start": 32 @@ -8791,7 +10135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf", - "context": "Sector Transporte Terrestre - Troleb\u00fas M\u00e9rida, C.A. -Tromerca Public Policy Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convert Venezuela into a socially, economically and politically powerful country within the great emerging power of Latin America and the Caribbean, which guarantees the formation of an area of peace in our America.This plan frames the connectivity of mobility at local, regional and national level, with emphasis on reducing the environmental impact, using clean technologies and ensuring their optimization and maintenance.", + "context": "Sector Transporte Terrestre - Troleb\u00fas M\u00e9rida, C.A. -Tromerca Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un pa\u00eds potencia en lo social, lo econ\u00f3mico y lo pol\u00edtico dentro de la gran potencia naciente de Am\u00e9rica latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformaci\u00f3n de una zona de paz en nuestra Am\u00e9rica. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con \u00e9nfasis en la reducci\u00f3n del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnolog\u00edas limpias y garantizando la optimizaci\u00f3n y su mantenimiento.", "answer": { "text": "Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un pa\u00eds potencia en lo social, lo econ\u00f3mico y lo pol\u00edtico dentro de la gran potencia naciente de Am\u00e9rica latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformaci\u00f3n de una zona de paz en nuestra Am\u00e9rica. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con \u00e9nfasis en la reducci\u00f3n del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnolog\u00edas limpias y garantizando la optimizaci\u00f3n y su mantenimiento.", "answer_start": 10 @@ -8903,7 +10247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Submission_Republic_of_Macedonia_20150805144001_135181.pdf", - "context": "In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics: - Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for", + "context": "In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics: - Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for development of mitigation scenarios with existing and with additional measuresEquity and ambition (comparison with other European countries) emissions per GDP Year OECD Europe Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom \u041cacedonia WOM \u041cacedonia WEM \u041c\u0430cedonia WAM Emissions kg CO2 emissions per GDP of the Republic of Macedonia are similar to the figures of Bulgaria and Estonia.", "answer": { "text": "Transport Sector Strategy", "answer_start": 52 @@ -9063,7 +10407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf", - "context": "the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment.", + "context": "In turn, the approach of changing the lifestyle includes solutions primarily focusing on changing the lifestyle and indirect reductions of GHG emissions by implementing: o extensive measures for informing and educating the public to ensure the awareness and interest of each inhabitant in the advancement towards climate neutrality; o greening of the tax system by adapting the whole tax system so that the general long-term direction of the State would be clear both to the inhabitants and merchants (i.e., so that tax policy would not give contradictory signals), and economic stimuli to choose more environmentally friendly habits and technologies would be created for everyone. \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment.", "answer": { "text": "ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles", "answer_start": 236 @@ -9079,7 +10423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf", - "context": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and", + "context": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation \u00c2\u00a9 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment. More detailed description of action directions is provided further in the text (see Chapter 6).", "answer": { "text": "ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles", "answer_start": 132 @@ -9095,7 +10439,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf", - "context": "A major impediment to more effective action on energy efficiency and on low-carbon transport has been the lack of baseline data on historical and current energy use, and this will be one of the first steps Nauru will take towards establishing greater energy efficiency. Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency\u2022 Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund \u2022 Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru \u2022 Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data \u2022 Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff \u2022 Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products \u2022 Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits \u2022 Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters \u2022 Increased economic resilience and diversification \u2022 Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities \u2022 Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy \u2022 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions \u2022", + "context": "A major impediment to more effective action on energy efficiency and on low-carbon transport has been the lack of baseline data on historical and current energy use, and this will be one of the first steps Nauru will take towards establishing greater energy efficiency. Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency\u2022 Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund \u2022 Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru \u2022 Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data \u2022 Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff \u2022 Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products \u2022 Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits \u2022 Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters \u2022 Increased economic resilience and diversification \u2022 Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities \u2022 Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy \u2022 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions \u2022 Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport \u2022 Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru\u2019s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru\u2019s energy sector.", "answer": { "text": "Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government", "answer_start": 133 @@ -9111,7 +10455,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf", - "context": "Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency\u2022 Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund \u2022 Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru \u2022 Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data \u2022 Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff \u2022 Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products \u2022 Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits \u2022 Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters \u2022 Increased economic resilience and diversification \u2022 Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities \u2022 Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy \u2022 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions \u2022 Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport \u2022 Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru\u2019s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women", + "context": "Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency\u2022 Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund \u2022 Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru \u2022 Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data \u2022 Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff \u2022 Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products \u2022 Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits \u2022 Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters \u2022 Increased economic resilience and diversification \u2022 Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities \u2022 Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy \u2022 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions \u2022 Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport \u2022 Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru\u2019s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru\u2019s energy sector. Increased access to affordable and clean energy through the uptake of energy efficient practices and greater deployment of renewable energy.", "answer": { "text": "Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government", "answer_start": 89 @@ -9239,7 +10583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", + "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations", "answer_start": 101 @@ -9255,7 +10599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).", "answer": { "text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations", "answer_start": 1 @@ -9271,7 +10615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.", "answer": { "text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations", "answer_start": 1 @@ -9287,7 +10631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf", - "context": "The transition scenario is intended to serve as a basis for further discussions at the national level. The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong \u201csector coupling\u201d in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing", + "context": "The transition scenario is intended to serve as a basis for further discussions at the national level. The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong \u201csector coupling\u201d in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria).", "answer": { "text": "A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,", "answer_start": 65 @@ -9303,7 +10647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf", - "context": "The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong \u201csector coupling\u201d in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes", + "context": "The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong \u201csector coupling\u201d in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria). Key results of the 2019 transition scenario The 2017 transition scenario was updated in 2019.", "answer": { "text": "A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,", "answer_start": 48 @@ -9447,7 +10791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf", - "context": "Monaco\u2019s service centre (hotels, sports facilities, education) attracts a large number of visitors per day (neighbourhood visitors). Thus, the Principality pursues two axes of action with regard to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, namely the reduction of traffic and the decarbonisation of means of transport. The priority for action lies in the absolute reduction of kilometres travelled in individual motorised transport, to the benefit of active modes and public transport.", + "context": "Le p\u00f4le de services de Monaco (h\u00f4tels, \u00e9quipements sportifs, enseignement.) entra\u00eene une fr\u00e9quentation importante de visiteurs \u00e0 la journ\u00e9e (visiteurs de proximit\u00e9). Ainsi, la Principaut\u00e9 poursuit deux axes d\u2019action en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre du transport routier, que sont la r\u00e9duction du trafic et la d\u00e9carbonation des moyens de transport. La priorit\u00e9 d\u2019action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilom\u00e8tres parcourus en transports individuels motoris\u00e9s, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des modes actifs et des transports publics.", "answer": { "text": "La priorit\u00e9 d\u2019action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilom\u00e8tres parcourus en transports individuels motoris\u00e9s, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des modes actifs et des transports publics.", "answer_start": 57 @@ -9463,7 +10807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf", - "context": "The priority for action is to achieve an absolute reduction in the number of kilometres travelled by private motorised transport, in favour of active modes and public transport. Structural actions will include the creation of cross-border parking facilities and the multiplicity of alternative mobility solutions (coaches, support for walking and cycling by strengthening equipment and e-services). Public transport will be gradually replaced to achieve zero CO2 emissions by 2030. In addition, the Government supports the replacement of thermal vehicles with electric vehicles.", + "context": "La priorit\u00e9 d\u2019action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilom\u00e8tres parcourus en transports individuels motoris\u00e9s, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des modes actifs et des transports publics. Les actions structurantes consisteront notamment en la cr\u00e9ation de parkings relais aux fronti\u00e8res et \u00e0 la multiplicit\u00e9 des solutions alternatives de mobilit\u00e9 (t\u00e9l\u00e9cabines, soutien \u00e0 la marche \u00e0 pied et \u00e0 la pratique du v\u00e9lo par le renforcement des \u00e9quipements et des offres de e-services). Les transports publics seront progressivement remplac\u00e9s pour atteindre 0 \u00e9mission de CO2 en 2030. En compl\u00e9ment, le Gouvernement soutient la substitution des v\u00e9hicules thermiques par des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques.", "answer": { "text": "La priorit\u00e9 d\u2019action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilom\u00e8tres parcourus en transports individuels motoris\u00e9s, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des modes actifs et des transports publics.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -9479,7 +10823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies to improve performance, increase the use of vehicles (intermodality, taxis, VTCs, carpooling, self-sharing), and the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline price policy); and the taking into account of household budgetary constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Les deux suivantes portent plut\u00f4t sur les impacts des strat\u00e9gies de transports bas carbone, d\u2019une part sur les enjeux et fili\u00e8res industrielles, et d\u2019autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des m\u00e9nages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 70 @@ -9495,7 +10839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies for improving performance, increasing vehicle use (intermodality, taxis, VTC, carpooling, self-sharing), the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline pricing policy); and the taking into account of household budget constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 35 @@ -9655,7 +10999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Avoid the need to travel", "answer_start": 20 @@ -9719,7 +11063,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "25 % share of non-hydro renewable energies in the electricity mix in 2035\" Guidelines in relation to the NDS 30 Mitigation actions selected Reduction options selected 4) Control of system energy consumption through a proactive energy efficiency policy - Promotion of energy efficiency; - Establishment of energy efficiency (EE) regulations; - Creation and operationalisation of the Agency for the Promotion and Rationalisation of Energy Use (APRUE); - Development of economic incentives to promote and remove barriers to investment in EE; - Promotion of the purchase of clean vehicles and scrapping of vehicles - Efficient lighting with compact fluorescent lamps; - Efficient lighting with LEDs; - Efficient lighting with LEDs replacing compact fluorescent lamps; - Energy efficiency in industry; - Efficient office lighting with compact fluorescent lamps: - Efficient office lighting with", + "context": "2) Intensification d une production agricole, animale et halieutique respectueuse de l environnement et permettant de limiter la d\u00e9forestation / d\u00e9gradation - Am\u00e9lioration durable de la productivit\u00e9 agricole et gestion durable de la production animale et halieutique ; - Adaptation des calendriers culturaux, et des techniques de production ; - Limitation des \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane de la riziculture en r\u00e9duisant au maximum la submersion ; -Renforcement des partenariats et collaborations pour am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9\u0301 des sols, la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019innovations agricoles ; d\u00e9velopper l\u2019agriculture raisonn\u00e9e, conservatoire ou durable R\u00e9duction du CH4 des cultures de riz 3) Promotion des pratiques permettant d am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s de production agricole et valoriser les ressources du milieu - Utilisation des inhibiteurs de nitrification ; - Suppl\u00e9mentation en mati\u00e8res grasses dans l alimentation des ruminants (% de mati\u00e8res grasses DM ajout\u00e9es)R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 Energie/D\u00e9chets \uf0d8 Grands enjeux de l \u00e9nergie: (i) Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s des populations et des industries \u00e0 l \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en quadruplant la capacit\u00e9 de production \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2035 pour passer \u00e0 6 GW ; (ii) accroitre l utilisation des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production d \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, surtout dans les zones difficilement raccordables au r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique et (iii) faire de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique une priorit\u00e9 nationale. \uf0d8 Grands enjeux des d\u00e9chets : Am\u00e9liorer la salubrit\u00e9 urbaine notamment en faisant des d\u00e9chets une ressource pour la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie \uf0d8 MESSAGE CLE : \u00ab Porter \u00e0 25 % la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet \u00e9lectrique en 2035 \u00bb Orientations par rapport \u00e0 la SND 30 Actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation retenues Options de r\u00e9duction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des syst\u00e8mes par une politique d efficacit\u00e9\u0301 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique volontariste - Promotion de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique; - Mise en place d une r\u00e8glementation sur l efficacit\u00e9\u0301 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (EE); - Cr\u00e9ation et op\u00e9rationnalisation l\u2019Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l\u2019utilisation des \u00e9nergies (APRUE); - D\u00e9veloppement des incitations \u00e9conomiques pour promouvoir et lever les barri\u00e8res \u00e0 l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de v\u00e9hicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des v\u00e9hicules - \u00c9clairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - \u00c9clairage efficace avec LED; - \u00c9clairage efficace avec LED rempla\u00e7ant les fluo compactes; - Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans l industrie; - \u00c9clairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - \u00c9clairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - \u00c9clairage public efficace; - Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de service ; - R\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectrique efficaces ; - Mini hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 hors r\u00e9seau ;R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission carbone.", "answer": { "text": "Promotion des modes de transport \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission carbone.", "answer_start": 425 @@ -9735,7 +11079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "promoting and removing barriers to investment in EE; - promoting the purchase of clean vehicles and scrapping vehicles - efficient lighting with compact fluorescent lamps; - efficient lighting with LEDs; - efficient lighting with LEDs replacing compact fluorescent lamps; - energy efficiency in industry; - efficient office lighting with compact fluorescent lamps: - efficient office lighting with LEDs; - efficient public lighting; - service energy efficiency; - efficient electrical networks; - mini-off-grid hydropower;Republic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 more polluting through standards, incentives or obligations; - promoting low-carbon modes of transport; - Express bus services 5) Efficient valorisation of resources to move towards a circular economy - sustainable and efficient waste management, - strengthening waste management policies (by 2035, all major cities should have landfills", + "context": "\uf0d8 Grands enjeux des d\u00e9chets : Am\u00e9liorer la salubrit\u00e9 urbaine notamment en faisant des d\u00e9chets une ressource pour la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie \uf0d8 MESSAGE CLE : \u00ab Porter \u00e0 25 % la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet \u00e9lectrique en 2035 \u00bb Orientations par rapport \u00e0 la SND 30 Actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation retenues Options de r\u00e9duction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des syst\u00e8mes par une politique d efficacit\u00e9\u0301 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique volontariste - Promotion de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique; - Mise en place d une r\u00e8glementation sur l efficacit\u00e9\u0301 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (EE); - Cr\u00e9ation et op\u00e9rationnalisation l\u2019Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l\u2019utilisation des \u00e9nergies (APRUE); - D\u00e9veloppement des incitations \u00e9conomiques pour promouvoir et lever les barri\u00e8res \u00e0 l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de v\u00e9hicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des v\u00e9hicules - \u00c9clairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - \u00c9clairage efficace avec LED; - \u00c9clairage efficace avec LED rempla\u00e7ant les fluo compactes; - Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans l industrie; - \u00c9clairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - \u00c9clairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - \u00c9clairage public efficace; - Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de service ; - R\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectrique efficaces ; - Mini hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 hors r\u00e9seau ;R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission carbone. - Services d\u2019autobus Express 5) Valorisation efficiente des ressources pour tendre vers une \u00e9conomie circulaire - Gestion durable et efficace des d\u00e9chets, - Renforcement des politiques de gestion des d\u00e9chets (d\u2019ici \u00e0 2035, toutes les grandes villes devraient avoir des d\u00e9charges am\u00e9nag\u00e9es avec au moins 70 % de captage de m\u00e9thane) ; - Promotion du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une \u00e9conomie circulaire ; - R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration / utilisation des d\u00e9chets agricoles et forestiers ; compostage ; - Valorisation / traitement des autres d\u00e9chets (station d\u2019\u00e9puration, boues de vidange.", "answer": { "text": "Promotion des modes de transport \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission carbone.", "answer_start": 219 @@ -9751,7 +11095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf", - "context": "- Development and promotion of a market of Energy Management Companies (ESCOs). - Energy Efficiency Program - Optimization of Electric Generation and Energy Efficiency (OGE&EE) - Reduction of associated gas fire in anchorage - Use of gas associated with oil for the generation of electricity and production of LPG. (Program Expansion). Renewable Energy - Block of Non-conventional Renewable Projects. - Geothermal Energy. - Hydropower: Santiago I, II NAMA of freight and passenger transport - Actions to reduce GHG emissions in freight transport. - Actions to reduce GHG emissions in passenger transport in Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca. - Energy Efficiency in the Hydrocarbons Sector - Engine Replacement of the Transecuatorian Oil Pipeline System (SOTE). - Combined Cycle", + "context": "- Desarrollo y promoci\u00f3n de un mercado de Empresas de Gesti\u00f3n de la Energ\u00eda (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energ\u00e9tica - Optimizaci\u00f3n de Generaci\u00f3n El\u00e9ctrica y Eficiencia Energ\u00e9tica (OGE&EE) - Reducci\u00f3n de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilizaci\u00f3n del gas asociado al petr\u00f3leo para la generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica y producci\u00f3n de GLP. (Ampliaci\u00f3n del Programa). Energ\u00edas Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energ\u00eda Geotermia. - Hidroenerg\u00eda: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refiner\u00eda.", "answer": { "text": "Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca", "answer_start": 96 @@ -9799,7 +11143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all", "answer_start": 196 @@ -9815,7 +11159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all", "answer_start": 19 @@ -9863,7 +11207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "Figure 2: Future trajectories of GHG emission reductions due to energy efficiency (by sector) Evolution of GHG avoided emissions due to EE by sector Figure 3: Future trajectories of GHG emission reductions due to renewables by technology Evolution of GHG avoided emissions by technologies Updated TUNISIAN ERCDN Secondary catalyst The reduction of GHG emissions due to energy efficiency over the period 2021-2030 would firstly result from the policy of rational use of energy in industry (38%). The transport sector is just behind (37%), mainly due to the organisation of urban travel in large cities and the introduction of electric vehicles. The building sector contributes to a quarter of the emission reductions due to energy efficiency.", + "context": "Figure 2: Trajectoires futures des r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions des GES dues \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (par secteur) Evolution des \u00e9missions \u00e9vit\u00e9es de GES due \u00e0 l EE selon les secteurs Figure 3: Trajectoires futures des r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions des GES dues au renouvelable par technologie Evolution des \u00e9missions \u00e9vit\u00e9es de GES selon les technologies ERCDN actualis\u00e9e de la TUNISIE Catalyseur secondaire Les r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions dues \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sur la p\u00e9riode 2021-2030 d\u00e9couleraient tout d\u2019abord de la politique d\u2019utilisation rationnelle de l\u2019\u00e9nergie dans l\u2019industrie (38%). Le secteur des transports vient tout juste apr\u00e8s (37%), principalement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019organisation des d\u00e9placements urbains dans les grandes villes ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019introduction des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques. Le secteur des b\u00e2timents contribue, lui, \u00e0 hauteur du quart des r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.", "answer": { "text": "Le secteur des transports vient tout juste apr\u00e8s (37%), principalement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019organisation des d\u00e9placements urbains dans les grandes villes ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019introduction des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques.", "answer_start": 84 @@ -10039,7 +11383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce fuel-based carbon tax", "answer_start": 510 @@ -10055,7 +11399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce fuel-based carbon tax", "answer_start": 449 @@ -10471,7 +11815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "Furthermore, each of the regional strategies stresses the importance of modal shift as a cornerstone for achieving the climate ambitions set, with additional benefits in terms of air quality, mobility and public space occupation. With regard to passenger transport, each region aims to limit the share of passenger cars in the modal distribution, in favour of alternative modes of transport such as active transport (train and bicycle), light electric vehicles (electric buses, speed trains, electric scooters, etc.) and shared modes of transport (public transport and shared vehicles). To this end, they emphasise the provision of quality alternative modes, adequate infrastructure and the promotion of combined mobility9.", + "context": "En outre, chacune des strat\u00e9gies r\u00e9gionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fix\u00e9es, avec des avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires en termes de qualit\u00e9 de l air, de mobilit\u00e9 et d occupation de l espace public. En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque r\u00e9gion vise \u00e0 limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la r\u00e9partition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et v\u00e9lo), les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques l\u00e9gers (v\u00e9los \u00e9lectriques, speedelecs, trottinettes \u00e9lectriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partag\u00e9s (transports en commun et v\u00e9hicules partag\u00e9s). \u00c0 cette fin, elles mettent l\u2019accent sur une offre de qualit\u00e9 de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures ad\u00e9quates et la promotion de la mobilit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e9.", "answer": { "text": "En ce qui concerne le transport de personnes, chaque r\u00e9gion vise \u00e0 limiter la part de la voiture individuelle dans la r\u00e9partition modale, en faveur de modes de transport alternatifs tels que le transport actif (marche et v\u00e9lo), les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques l\u00e9gers (v\u00e9los \u00e9lectriques, speedelecs, trottinettes \u00e9lectriques, etc.) et les modes de transport partag\u00e9s (transports en commun et v\u00e9hicules partag\u00e9s).", "answer_start": 41 @@ -10519,7 +11863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "[Strategy 1: Avoid] Goal 2.1: By 2030, to have included the concept of sustainable mobility in the Strategic Environmental Assessment of TPIs and PPPs, developed from 2025 onwards, by means of specific mobility studies supporting the development of the ERA and complementing the current Road Capacity Studies.", + "context": "[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 2.1: Al 2030, haber incluido normativamente el concepto de movili- dad sostenible en la Evaluaci\u00f3n Ambiental Estrat\u00e9gica de los IPT y PROT, desarrollados a partir del a\u00f1o 2025, mediante estudios espec\u00edficos de movi- lidad que apoyen la elaboraci\u00f3n de la EAE y que complemente los actuales Estudios de Capacidad Vial. Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer": { "text": "Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer_start": 56 @@ -10535,7 +11879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Objective 3: To promote initiatives to strengthen public transport and active, efficient and sustainable modes of transport for their prioritization over the use of private vehicles. [Strategy 2: Change] Objective 3.1: By 2025, to have developed, in conjunction with MINVU, in the country's main cities (over 50 thousand inhabitants) Master Plans for Cycle-inclusive Infrastructure and with the MOP interurban networks that per- mitane connect these cities with nearby localities and other cities that belong to their functional area of influence.", + "context": "Objetivo 3: Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares. [Es- trategia 2: Cambiar] Meta 3.1: Al 2025, haber desarrollado en conjunto con MINVU, en las prin- cipales ciudades del pa\u00eds (sobre 50 mil habitantes) los Planes Maestros de Infraestructura Ciclo-inclusiva y con el MOP redes interurbanas que per- mitan conectar estas ciudades con las localidades cercanas y otras ciudades que pertenecen a su \u00e1rea de influencia funcional.", "answer": { "text": "Promover iniciativas de fortalecimiento del transporte p\u00fablico y modos de transporte activo, eficientes y sostenibles para su priorizaci\u00f3n por sobre el uso de veh\u00edculos particulares.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -10663,7 +12007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the", + "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.", "answer": { "text": "Infrastructure for active mobility", "answer_start": 33 @@ -10695,7 +12039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf", - "context": "Figure 25 The Image of \u201cComfortable and Walkable\u201d Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with", + "context": "Figure 25 The Image of \u201cComfortable and Walkable\u201d Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with \ufffc systems, expanding the area of their services while consolidating them, extending their service life, and improving their disaster prevention functions.", "answer": { "text": "the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel", "answer_start": 34 @@ -10839,7 +12183,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 152 @@ -10855,7 +12199,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 131 @@ -10871,7 +12215,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 163 @@ -10887,7 +12231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 149 @@ -10903,7 +12247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional", + "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 119 @@ -10919,7 +12263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional", + "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.", "answer": { "text": "Construct NMT and bicycle lanes", "answer_start": 92 @@ -10967,7 +12311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)", "answer_start": 162 @@ -10983,7 +12327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)", "answer_start": 139 @@ -10999,7 +12343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)", "answer_start": 139 @@ -11015,7 +12359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)", "answer_start": 492 @@ -11031,7 +12375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters)", "answer_start": 475 @@ -11079,7 +12423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "As regards the use of Hydrogen, work is under way on a pilot project for lorries and long-distance buses. Primary activities 7% Electric power stations Public service 9% Own consumption 6% Commercial \u00b7 Service Public sector 2% Figure 10: CO2 emissions by sector in 2020.Also, this sector requires a broad vision from the point of view of sustainability and is in the process of drawing up the National Sustainable Urban Mobility Policy, with the vision of making it possible for all people to access the opportunities offered by urban centres, with environmentally, socially and economically sustainable alternatives to mobility, aiming at improving their quality of life.Active mobility and public transport, together with electric mobility, are key in planning sustainable mobility.", + "context": "En cuanto a la utilizaci\u00f3n de Hidr\u00f3geno, se est\u00e1 trabajando en un piloto para veh\u00edculos de carga y buses de larga distancia. Actividades primarias 7% Centrales el\u00e9ctricas servicio p\u00fablico 9% Consumo propio 6% Comercial \u00b7 Servicio Sector P\u00fablico 2% Figura 10: Emisiones de CO2 por sector en 2020.Asimismo, este sector requiere una visi\u00f3n amplia desde la sostenibilidad y est\u00e1 en proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n la Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, con la visi\u00f3n de posibilitar el acceso a todas las personas a las oportunidades que ofrecen los centros urbanos, con alternativas de movilidad ambiental, social y econ\u00f3micamente sostenibles, apuntando a la mejora de su calidad de vida. La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer": { "text": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer_start": 107 @@ -11095,7 +12439,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Active mobility and public transport, together with electric mobility, are key to planning for sustainable mobility. In the process of decarbonizing the economy, the energy sector has taken important steps, remaining complex challenges in some sectors due to the still low availability of some technologies. The country will need to explore different instruments and will require different supports in order to be able to move on to a second energy transition. 5.1.1.2. Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector The Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector (IPPU) analyses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrial processes, the use of these gases in products, and the non-energy uses of carbon contained in fossil fuels.", + "context": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible. En el proceso de descarbonizaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda, el sector energ\u00eda ha dado importantes pasos quedando desaf\u00edos complejos en algunos sectores por la a\u00fan escasa disponibilidad de algunas tecnolog\u00edas. El pa\u00eds deber\u00e1 explorar distintos instrumentos y requerir\u00e1 de diversos apoyos para poder dar paso a una segunda transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica. 5.1.1.2. Sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos En el sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos (IPPU, por su sigla en ingl\u00e9s) se analizan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provocadas por los procesos industriales, por el uso de estos gases en los productos y por los usos no energ\u00e9ticos del carbono contenido en los combustibles f\u00f3siles.", "answer": { "text": "La movilidad activa y el transporte p\u00fablico, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificaci\u00f3n de la movilidad sostenible.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -11239,7 +12583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "To this end, they emphasise the quality of alternative modes of transport, adequate infrastructure and the promotion of combined mobility.9 The concept of Mobility-as-a-Service is also recognised as an important lever for achieving the objective of combined mobility and increasing vehicle occupancy (which translates into a reduction in the number of kilometres driven per vehicle). As regards freight transport, the Walloon and Flemish strategies both aim at a shift from road to rail and inland waterways. Finally, as a final element in the transport sector, the regional strategies provide for a shift to zero-emission vehicles and energy vehicles.", + "context": "\u00c0 cette fin, elles mettent l\u2019accent sur une offre de qualit\u00e9 de modes alternatifs, des infrastructures ad\u00e9quates et la promotion de la mobilit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e9. Le concept de Mobility-as-a-Service est \u00e9galement reconnu comme levier important pour atteindre l\u2019objectif de la mobilit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e et pour augmenter le taux d occupation des v\u00e9hicules (ce qui se traduit par une r\u00e9duction du nombre de kilom\u00e8tres parcourus par v\u00e9hicule). En ce qui concerne le transport de marchandises, les strat\u00e9gies wallonne et flamande visent toutes deux un transfert de la route vers le rail et les voies navigables. Enfin, comme dernier \u00e9l\u00e9ment dans le secteur des transports, les strat\u00e9gies r\u00e9gionales pr\u00e9voient un passage \u00e0 des v\u00e9hicules et des vecteurs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u00e0 \u00e9missions z\u00e9ro.", "answer": { "text": "En ce qui concerne le transport de marchandises, les strat\u00e9gies wallonne et flamande visent toutes deux un transfert de la route vers le rail et les voies navigables.", "answer_start": 64 @@ -11271,7 +12615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "0.01 Mt CO2 eq Transportation 21) Programme of Modernization of Automotive Cargo Transportation in vehicles of more than 10.5 tonnes of gross vehicle weight and more than 20 years of age 57,000 vehicles renewed between 1.03 Mt CO2 eq Transportation 22) Change to the mode of carriage of cargo to Fluvial - Magdalena River: dredging activities of the Magdalena River to maintain navigability along the river.", + "context": "0,01 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 21) Programa de Modernizaci\u00f3n de Transporte Automotor de Carga en veh\u00edculos de m\u00e1s de 10.5 toneladas de peso bruto vehicular y m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os de antig\u00fcedad. 57.000 veh\u00edculos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - R\u00edo Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del R\u00edo Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del r\u00edo.", "answer": { "text": "Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - R\u00edo Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del R\u00edo Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del r\u00edo.", "answer_start": 42 @@ -11287,7 +12631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "57,000 vehicles renewed between 1.03 Mt CO2 eq Transport 22) Change to truckload transport mode to Fluvial - Magdalena River: Dredging activities of the Magdalena River to maintain navigability along the river Transport of 8 million tonnes of cargo annually 0.20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Active Transport and Demand Management (TAnDem): Increase the modal participation of bicycles in all cities subject to NAMA by means of eight (8) direct mitigation measures based on the Push-Pull Focus (some measures encourage active transport -Pull-, others discourage the use of the individual car -Push-).", + "context": "57.000 veh\u00edculos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - R\u00edo Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del R\u00edo Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del r\u00edo. Transporte de 8 millones de toneladas de carga anuales 0,20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Transporte Activo y gesti\u00f3n de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participaci\u00f3n modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull (algunas medidas incentivan el transporte activo -Pull-, otras desincentivan el uso del autom\u00f3vil individual -Push-). Incremento en la participaci\u00f3n modal de la bicicleta en un 5,5% en las ciudades participantes: Bogot\u00e1, Cali, Medell\u00edn, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Soledad, Bucaramanga, Soacha, Pereira, Santa Marta, Valledupar, Pasto, Monter\u00eda, Neiva, Armenia, Sincelejo, Popay\u00e1n.", "answer": { "text": "Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - R\u00edo Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del R\u00edo Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del r\u00edo.", "answer_start": 10 @@ -11447,7 +12791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "With regard to urban transport infrastructure, an obligatory crossing point seems to lie in enhanced cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Transport and local authorities. The strategy for deploying BHNS and tramways is also essential: to be attractive, public transport must be comfortable and safe. For long-distance transport, the rail network must ensure the development of TGVs, intercity trains and freight. For equipment performance, the short-term priority is to improve the performance of vehicles placed on the market by regulation. But in the medium term, a strategy for electrification of all types of vehicles must be developed: scooters, cars, light commercial vehicles and buses.", + "context": "En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales. La strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9ploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour \u00eatre attractifs, les transports en commun doivent \u00eatre confortables et s\u00fbrs. Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret. Pour les performances des \u00e9quipements, la priorit\u00e9 de court terme est celle de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances des v\u00e9hicules mis sur le march\u00e9 par la r\u00e9glementation. Mais \u00e0 moyen terme, il convient d\u2019\u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019\u00e9lectrification de tous les types de v\u00e9hicules : scooters, automobiles, v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers, bus.", "answer": { "text": "Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret", "answer_start": 55 @@ -11623,7 +12967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.", + "context": "GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.", "answer": { "text": "Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train", "answer_start": 211 @@ -11655,7 +12999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical", + "context": "Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.", "answer": { "text": "Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train", "answer_start": 29 @@ -11671,7 +13015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s", + "context": "innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).", "answer": { "text": "Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train", "answer_start": 15 @@ -11703,7 +13047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer", + "context": "31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2.", "answer": { "text": "Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train", "answer_start": 36 @@ -11751,7 +13095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.", + "context": "MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.", "answer": { "text": "Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train", "answer_start": 204 @@ -11783,7 +13127,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 239 @@ -11799,7 +13143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 220 @@ -11815,7 +13159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth\u2019s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 220 @@ -11831,7 +13175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater", + "context": "This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 347 @@ -11847,7 +13191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater", + "context": "GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 309 @@ -11911,7 +13255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf", - "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly", + "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing) \uf09f Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.", "answer": { "text": "modal shift to railway", "answer_start": 149 @@ -11959,7 +13303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources \u2022 Hydro Power Plants \u2022 Wind Power Plants \u2022 Solar Power Plants \u2022 Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production \u2022 Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses \u2022 Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) \u2022 Improve the efficiency of power plants \u2022 Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: \u2022 Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel \u2022 Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation \u2022 Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: \u2022 Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city \u2022 Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: \u2022 Regulate and reduce the livestock number \u2022 Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): \u2022 Use waste heat from cement plants \u2022 Use fly ash in cement production \u2022 Use coal bed methaneWaste: \u2022 Reduce the waste volume", + "context": "ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources \u2022 Hydro Power Plants \u2022 Wind Power Plants \u2022 Solar Power Plants \u2022 Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production \u2022 Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses \u2022 Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) \u2022 Improve the efficiency of power plants \u2022 Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: \u2022 Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel \u2022 Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation \u2022 Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: \u2022 Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city \u2022 Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: \u2022 Regulate and reduce the livestock number \u2022 Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): \u2022 Use waste heat from cement plants \u2022 Use fly ash in cement production \u2022 Use coal bed methaneWaste: \u2022 Reduce the waste volume for landfill through the improved waste treatment and recycling process \u2022 Increase the share of the population with access to improved sanitation and hygiene facilities Total GHG emission reduction from the non-energy sector 5,623.5 Total GHG emission reduction 16,888.1 D. Adaptation Targets Goals Targets Animal husbandry and pastureland Increase the productivity of the animal husbandry sector while ensuring the sustainable development of the sector and reducing the impacts and risks associated with climate change.", "answer": { "text": "Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation", "answer_start": 91 @@ -11975,7 +13319,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "Replacement of used fossil fuels (oil coke) with olive seeds. Replacement of part of clinker with fly ash in a mixture to produce cement with desired characteristics and contribute to reducing GHG emissions by reducing clinker production. Transportation of phosphate by slurry pipeline to replace trains. Thermal power plants and heat recovery systems. Solar farms. Replacement of No. 2 fuel used for phosphate drying with solar energy. Capture and enhancement of process-related CO2 emissions. between 2010 and 2020.", + "context": "Remplacement des combustibles fossiles utilis\u00e9s (coke de p\u00e9trole) par des grignons d\u2019olive. Substitution d\u2019une partie du clinker par les cendres volantes dans un m\u00e9lange permettant d\u2019obtenir du ciment aux caract\u00e9ristiques d\u00e9sir\u00e9es et contribuer a\u0300 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES par la r\u00e9duction de la production du clinker. Transport du phosphate par slurry pipeline en remplacement des trains. Centrales thermiques et syst\u00e8mes de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de chaleur. Fermes solaires. Remplacement du fioul n\u00b0 2 utilis\u00e9 pour le s\u00e9chage du phosphate par de l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire. Captage et valorisation des \u00e9missions de CO2 li\u00e9es au processus. entre 2010 et 2020. Programme d\u2019installation de 40 millions de lampes fluocompactes (LFC) et 40 millions de lampes \u00e0 diodes \u00e9lectroluminescentes (DEL) entre 2010 et 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Transport du phosphate par slurry pipeline en remplacement des trains.", "answer_start": 48 @@ -12071,7 +13415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Goal 5.6: By 2050, to have established a participatory, robust and inclusive public-private mobility ecosystem and to have promoted, communicated and practiced innovation and sustainable technological solutions appropriate to the different territorial realities.Goal 5.7: By 2050, to have optimised the operation of road networks in major cities, to have improved travel conditions and the efficiency of the road infrastructure, by integrating the traffic light network into transit control centres.", + "context": "Meta 5.6: Al 2050, haber configurado un ecosistema de movilidad p\u00fabli- co-privado participativo, robusto e inclusivo y haber promovido, comunida- des de pr\u00e1ctica que fomenten la innovaci\u00f3n y las soluciones tecnol\u00f3gicas sostenibles y apropiadas a las diferentes realizades territoriales. Meta 5.7: Al 2050, haber optimizado la operaci\u00f3n de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integraci\u00f3n de la red de sem\u00e1foros a centros de control de tr\u00e1nsito.CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 153 CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Objetivo 6: Aumentar el uso de tecnolog\u00edas limpias (baja o cero emisi\u00f3n de carbono) en el trans- porte p\u00fablico urbano, transporte privado, transporte interurbano de pasajeros y transporte de carga urbano e interurbano.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2050, haber optimizado la operaci\u00f3n de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integraci\u00f3n de la red de sem\u00e1foros a centros de control de tr\u00e1nsito.", "answer_start": 41 @@ -12087,7 +13431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Goal 5.7: By 2050, to optimize the operation of road networks in major cities, to improve travel conditions and the efficiency of road infrastructure, by integrating the traffic light network into transit control centres.", + "context": "Meta 5.7: Al 2050, haber optimizado la operaci\u00f3n de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integraci\u00f3n de la red de sem\u00e1foros a centros de control de tr\u00e1nsito.CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 153 CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Objetivo 6: Aumentar el uso de tecnolog\u00edas limpias (baja o cero emisi\u00f3n de carbono) en el trans- porte p\u00fablico urbano, transporte privado, transporte interurbano de pasajeros y transporte de carga urbano e interurbano. [Estrategia 3: Mejorar] Meta 6.1: Al 2030, haber dado inicio a un programa de cambio a tecnolog\u00edas limpias en la Log\u00edstica Urbana, mediante experiencias piloto en electromo- vilidad e hidr\u00f3geno verde, certificaci\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos, campa\u00f1as de promo- ci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n, gesti\u00f3n y difusi\u00f3n de datos y coordinaci\u00f3n internacional Holanda y H2 /Chile para el Hidr\u00f3geno Verde.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2050, haber optimizado la operaci\u00f3n de las redes viales en las ciudades principales, haber mejorado las condiciones de desplazamiento y la eficiencia de la infraestructura vial, mediante la integraci\u00f3n de la red de sem\u00e1foros a centros de control de tr\u00e1nsito.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -12151,7 +13495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Improve traffic and traffic light management", "answer_start": 35 @@ -12215,7 +13559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Urban renewable energy sources (i) For hydro from 3GW in 2020 to (ii) For wind, solar and geothermal from 2.9 MW in 2020 to 42.7 MW in 2030 (iii) 8 to 10 installed units Promotion of improved homes & improvement of carbonisation -30% efficiency (ii) 3 million households have renewable energy units Promotion of renewable energy (i) Amended Renewable Energy Act 2014 (ii) Number of homes and institutions, manufacturing industries equipped with photovoltaic solar systems 28 Estimated cost per tonne of CO2 equivalent to around USD 100 to 130 29 Improved homesSector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient burning Number of households using biogas, LPG technologies", + "context": "Le tableau 4 pr\u00e9sente la synth\u00e8se des interventions que la RDC compte mettre en \u0153uvre pour pouvoir atteindre la cible de r\u00e9duction vis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030.Tableau 4 : Synth\u00e8se des options d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des \u00e9missions des GES et co\u00fbts estimatifs associ\u00e9s. Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation", "answer_start": 255 @@ -12231,7 +13575,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "tonne CO2 equivalent to around 100 to 130 USD 29 Improved housing Sector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Ms Implementation period Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient coal burning Number of households using biogas, LPG technologies; and briquettes based on agricultural residues or biodegradable household waste Industrial plantations - energy wood 130.000 ha of energy-intensive plantations Develop and improve urban and interurban transport Promotion of mass transport (i) In 10 urban centres (cities and towns) with: traffic management plan; (ii) New public transport system (bus, rail, etc.); (iii) Number of road, rail (interconnection), river and lake infrastructure built/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of new low-emission vehicle assembly units", + "context": "Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines.", "answer": { "text": "Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation", "answer_start": 215 @@ -12247,7 +13591,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/El%20Salvador%20NDC-%20Updated%20Dic.2021.pdf", - "context": "As well as those related to the scope of national climate change mitigation and adaptation and sustainable development targets for the energy sector adopted in international conventions and treaties.2.9.1. Implementation of sustainable modes: mass public transport, use of bicycles, walking, restricted speed zones and traffic management; taking into account road safety and promotion of public spaces Climate change threat facing: Manifestations: temperature increase, extreme hydrometeorological events related to intense storms and cyclones Effects: floods, surface water overflows, landslides, landslides and mudslides Risk reduction (climate change impacts and their associated variability) Accidents and incidents with damage, material and human losses; health effects due to term and water stress in passengers.", + "context": "As\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n, los relacionados al alcance de las metas nacionales de mitigaci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico y desarrollo sostenible correspondientes al sector energ\u00e9tico adoptadas en convenios y tratados internacionales.2.9.1. Implementaci\u00f3n de modos sostenibles: transporte p\u00fablico masivo, uso de bicicleta, caminata, zonas de velocidad restringida y gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico; en consideraci\u00f3n de la seguridad vial y promoci\u00f3n de los espacios p\u00fablicos Amenaza del cambio clim\u00e1tico ante la cual se act\u00faa: Manifestaciones: aumento de la temperatura, eventos hidrometeorol\u00f3gicos extremos relacionados con tormentas intensas y ciclones. Efectos: inundaciones, desbordamientos de aguas superficiales, deslizamientos, derrumbes y encharcamientos. Reducci\u00f3n del riesgo de (impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y su variabilidad asociada) Accidentes e incidentes con da\u00f1os, p\u00e9rdidas materiales y humanas; afectaciones a la salud por estr\u00e9s t\u00e9rmino e h\u00eddrico en pasajeros.", "answer": { "text": "gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico; en consideraci\u00f3n de la seguridad vial y promoci\u00f3n de los espacios p\u00fablicos", "answer_start": 47 @@ -12263,7 +13607,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The total of the above measures would amount to a total of 2 300 kTCO2 /year avoided compared to the BAU scenario. Other unquantified measures are also important steps to reduce emissions in the sector: - Modernisation and rationalisation of roads - Strengthening of technical control and inventory of vehicle fleets, mobile controls and anti-pollution deterrents. Study, experiment and disseminate innovative solutions for sustainable mobility: promoting imports and encouraging electric mobility, conversion to gas, biofuel (ethanol) Conditional objective Implementation of the ban on cars over 8 years old (ECOWAS standard) by 2022, i.e. 500 000 Implementation of the integrated Conakry PDU scenario: - A 33.5 km long Le Prince Kaloum / Sonfonya BRT line.", + "context": "L\u2019ensemble des mesures ci-dessus repr\u00e9senterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an \u00e9vit\u00e9es par rapport au scenario BAU. D\u2019autres mesures non chiffr\u00e9es sont \u00e9galement des \u00e9tapes importantes pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions du secteur : - Modernisation et rationalisation des voies de circulation - Renforcement du contr\u00f4le technique et du recensement du parc de v\u00e9hicules, des moyens de contr\u00f4le mobiles et des mesures dissuasives antipollution. \u00c9tudier, exp\u00e9rimenter et faire conna\u00eetre les solutions innovantes de mobilit\u00e9 durable: promouvoir l\u2019importation et encourager la mobilit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique, la conversion au gaz, biocarburant (\u00e9thanol) Objectif conditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction des voitures de plus de 8 ans (norme CEDEAO) d\u00e8s 2022 soit 500 000 Mise en \u0153uvre du sc\u00e9nario int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du PDU de Conakry : - Une ligne BRT Le Prince Kaloum / Sonfonya par corniche de 33,5km.", "answer": { "text": "Modernisation et rationalisation des voies de circulation", "answer_start": 34 @@ -12279,7 +13623,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf", - "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly", + "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing) \uf09f Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.", "answer": { "text": "traffic flow improvement", "answer_start": 143 @@ -12615,7 +13959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Multimodal mobility, in conjunction with intelligent mobility management systems, plays an increasingly important role in moving towards decarbonised mobility. Making this possible through digitisation, increasingly connected and automated intelligent mobility management in all modes of transport can make mobility more fluid and cleaner. It is therefore important to support the digitisation of mobility and to create a favourable framework for the development and implementation of innovative mobility-as-a-service services, such as digital applications (including a digital platform bringing together all modes/services of transport with real-time information), car-sharing (electric) and bicycle-sharing services or car-pooling155.", + "context": "La mobilit\u00e9 multimodale, conjointement avec les syst\u00e8mes de gestion de la mobilit\u00e9 intelligents, jouent un r\u00f4le de plus en plus important pour progresser vers une mobilit\u00e9 d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9e. Rendue possible par la num\u00e9risation, une gestion intelligente de la mobilit\u00e9 de plus en plus connect\u00e9e et automatis\u00e9e dans tous les modes de transport sait rendre la mobilit\u00e9 plus fluide et plus propre. Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er un cadre propice pour le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de services de mobilit\u00e9 innovants (\u00ab mobility-as-a-service \u00bb), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps r\u00e9el), des services de partage de voitures (\u00e9lectriques) et v\u00e9los ou encore le covoiturage155.", "answer": { "text": "Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er un cadre propice pour le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de services de mobilit\u00e9 innovants (\u00ab mobility-as-a-service \u00bb), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps r\u00e9el), des services de partage de voitures (\u00e9lectriques) et v\u00e9los ou encore le covoiturage", "answer_start": 60 @@ -12631,7 +13975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "It is therefore important to support the digitisation of mobility and to create a favourable framework for the development and implementation of innovative mobility-as-a-service services, such as digital applications (including a digital platform bringing together all modes/services of transport with real-time information), car-sharing (electric) and bicycle-sharing services or car-pooling155. 6.4.2 Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles The decarbonisation of the mobility system also requires low-emission vehicles and ultimately depends on the large-scale or complete deployment of zero-emission vehicles.", + "context": "Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er un cadre propice pour le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de services de mobilit\u00e9 innovants (\u00ab mobility-as-a-service \u00bb), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps r\u00e9el), des services de partage de voitures (\u00e9lectriques) et v\u00e9los ou encore le covoiturage155. 6.4.2 D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions La d\u00e9carbonisation du syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9 passe \u00e9galement par des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions et elle est finalement tributaire d\u2019un d\u00e9ploiement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle voire complet de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles.", "answer": { "text": "Il importe donc de soutenir la digitalisation de la mobilit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er un cadre propice pour le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de services de mobilit\u00e9 innovants (\u00ab mobility-as-a-service \u00bb), comme des applications digitales (notamment une plateforme digitale regroupant tous les modes/services de transport avec des informations en temps r\u00e9el), des services de partage de voitures (\u00e9lectriques) et v\u00e9los ou encore le covoiturage", "answer_start": 0 @@ -12647,7 +13991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Strategic planning incorporating these roadmaps would provide a solid basis for better managing investments and improving policy effectiveness, particularly in promoting intermodality. At present, the predominance of solutions based on the use of conventional fossil-fuel vehicles, whether for the transport of people or goods, is still to be seen. The issue of controlling needs and their dynamics is rarely addressed as such. From this perspective, digital transformation, because it reduces travel needs and optimises transport systems, is conducive to greater overall system efficiency.", + "context": "Une planification strat\u00e9gique int\u00e9grant ces feuilles de route fournirait une base solide pour mieux g\u00e9rer les investissements et pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des politiques, tout particuli\u00e8rement pour la promotion de l\u2019intermodalit\u00e9. Pour l\u2019heure, on doit toujours constater la pr\u00e9dominance des solutions fond\u00e9es sur l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules conventionnels \u00e0 \u00e9nergies fossiles, que ce soit pour le transport de personnes ou de marchandises. La question de la ma\u00eetrise des besoins et de leur dynamique reste rarement abord\u00e9e en tant que telle. Dans cette perspective, la transformation digitale, parce qu\u2019elle permet de r\u00e9duire les besoins de d\u00e9placement et d\u2019optimiser les syst\u00e8mes de transport, est porteuse d\u2019une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 globale du syst\u00e8me.", "answer": { "text": "la transformation digitale, parce qu\u2019elle permet de r\u00e9duire les besoins de d\u00e9placement et d\u2019optimiser les syst\u00e8mes de transport, est porteuse d\u2019une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 globale du syst\u00e8me", "answer_start": 81 @@ -12663,7 +14007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "From this perspective, digital transformation, because it reduces travel requirements and optimises transport systems, is conducive to greater overall system efficiency. The development of new technological solutions \u2013 electric vehicles (airplanes, scooters, cars) and beyond hydrogen vehicles \u2013 requires rigorous and articulated programming over the different time horizons, short, medium and long term, which must be detailed in the roadmaps: pilot operations on captive fleets, progressive development of recharging/distribution infrastructure, development of industrial capacities, large-scale deployment. Five strategic issues The confrontation of the international roadmaps and the situation in Morocco leads to the identification of five key themes.", + "context": "Dans cette perspective, la transformation digitale, parce qu\u2019elle permet de r\u00e9duire les besoins de d\u00e9placement et d\u2019optimiser les syst\u00e8mes de transport, est porteuse d\u2019une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 globale du syst\u00e8me. Le d\u00e9veloppement des nouvelles solutions technologiques \u2013 v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques (v\u00e9los, scooters, automobiles) et au-del\u00e0 v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne \u2013 appelle une programmation rigoureuse et articul\u00e9e sur les diff\u00e9rents horizons de temps, court, moyen et long terme qui doit \u00eatre d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans les feuilles de route : op\u00e9rations pilotes sur flottes captives, d\u00e9veloppement progressif des infrastructures de recharge/distribution, d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s industrielles, d\u00e9ploiement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Cinq probl\u00e9matiques strat\u00e9giques La confrontation des feuilles de route internationales et de l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux au Maroc conduit \u00e0 identifier cinq th\u00e9matiques cl\u00e9s.", "answer": { "text": "la transformation digitale, parce qu\u2019elle permet de r\u00e9duire les besoins de d\u00e9placement et d\u2019optimiser les syst\u00e8mes de transport, est porteuse d\u2019une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 globale du syst\u00e8me", "answer_start": 3 @@ -12775,7 +14119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia's%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources \u2022 Hydro Power Plants \u2022 Wind Power Plants \u2022 Solar Power Plants \u2022 Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production \u2022 Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses \u2022 Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) \u2022 Improve the efficiency of power plants \u2022 Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: \u2022 Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel \u2022 Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation \u2022 Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: \u2022 Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city \u2022 Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: \u2022 Regulate and reduce the livestock number \u2022 Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): \u2022 Use waste heat from cement plants \u2022 Use fly ash in cement production \u2022 Use coal bed methaneWaste: \u2022 Reduce the waste volume", + "context": "ENERGY SECTOR 1.1 Energy sector (production) Use of renewable energy sources \u2022 Hydro Power Plants \u2022 Wind Power Plants \u2022 Solar Power Plants \u2022 Heat pumps for heating utilities Improved efficiency of energy production \u2022 Reduce electricity and heat transmission and distribution grid losses \u2022 Reduce the internal use of combined heat and power plants (CHPP) \u2022 Improve the efficiency of power plants \u2022 Improve the heat supply in cities and towns (improving the efficiency of heat only boilers) 1.2 Energy sector (consumption) Transportation: \u2022 Switch to Euro-5 standard fuel \u2022 Switch the coal export transportation to rail transport from auto transportation \u2022 Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating Construction: \u2022 Insulate old precast panel buildings in Ulaanbaatar city \u2022 Limit the use of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city and switch to the use of improved fuel Industry: Energy saving measures Total GHG emission reduction from the energy sector 11,264.6 Two. NON-ENERGY SECTOR Agriculture: \u2022 Regulate and reduce the livestock number \u2022 Improve the livestock manure management Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): \u2022 Use waste heat from cement plants \u2022 Use fly ash in cement production \u2022 Use coal bed methaneWaste: \u2022 Reduce the waste volume for landfill through the improved waste treatment and recycling process \u2022 Increase the share of the population with access to improved sanitation and hygiene facilities Total GHG emission reduction from the non-energy sector 5,623.5 Total GHG emission reduction 16,888.1 D. Adaptation Targets Goals Targets Animal husbandry and pastureland Increase the productivity of the animal husbandry sector while ensuring the sustainable development of the sector and reducing the impacts and risks associated with climate change.", "answer": { "text": "Switch the heating of passenger train to electric heating", "answer_start": 103 @@ -13111,7 +14455,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "(legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;", "answer_start": 226 @@ -13127,7 +14471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions", + "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.", "answer": { "text": "actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;", "answer_start": 83 @@ -13143,7 +14487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways", "answer_start": 173 @@ -13159,7 +14503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways", "answer_start": 112 @@ -13175,7 +14519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.", + "context": "Building Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Industrial System \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new path of industrialization, developing a circular economy, optimizing the industrial structure, revising the guidance catalogue of the adjustment of industrial structure, strictly controlling the total expansion of industries with extensive energy consumption and emissions, accelerating the elimination of outdated production capacity and promoting the development of service industry and strategic emerging industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of value added from strategic emerging industries reaching 15% of the total GDP by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote low-carbon development of industrial sectors, implementing Action Plan of Industries Addressing Climate Change (2012-2020) and formulating carbon emission control target and action plans in key industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To research and formulate greenhouse gas emission standards for key industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To effectively control emissions from key sectors including power, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, building materials and chemical industries through energy conservation and efficiency improvement; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen the management of carbon emissions for new projects and to actively control greenhouse gas emissions originating from the industrial production process; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To construct a recycling-based industrial system, promoting recycling restructure in industrial parks, increasing the recycling and utilization of renewable resources and improving the production rate of resource; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To phase down the production and consumption of HCFC-22 for controlled uses, with its production to be reduced by 35% from the 2010 level by 2020, and by 67.5% by 2025 and to achieve effective control on emissions of HFC-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the low-carbon development in agriculture, making efforts to achieve zero growth of fertilizer and pesticide utilization by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To control methane emissions from rice fields and nitrous oxide emissions from farmland; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To construct a recyclable agriculture system, promoting comprehensive utilization of straw, reutilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and comprehensive utilization of animal waste; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote low-carbon development of service industry, actively developing low-carbon business, tourism and foodservice and vigorously promoting service industries to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings\u00e2\u0080\u0099 life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.", "answer": { "text": "Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities", "answer_start": 575 @@ -13191,7 +14535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To", + "context": "E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings\u00e2\u0080\u0099 life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands and to increase carbon storage capacity of wetlands; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To continue to restore grassland from grazing land, to promote mechanism of maintaining the balance between grass stock and livestock, to prevent grassland degradation, to restore vegetation of grassland, to enhance grasslanddisaster prevention and farmland protection and to improve carbon storage of soil.", "answer": { "text": "Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities", "answer_start": 244 @@ -13239,7 +14583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "accessible pedestrian routes", "answer_start": 224 @@ -13255,7 +14599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "accessible pedestrian routes", "answer_start": 47 @@ -13335,7 +14679,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "12 to carry out their work in this way. Remote work or teleworking contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, as well as of other atmospheric pollutants, which strengthens climate change and air quality policies. Finally, the strategy for the transport sector involves an improvement in the linking of urban planning with climate change criteria and the recovery of public space for pedestrians, considering an order oriented towards efficient public transport systems and alternative and non-motorised transport systems. All these actions support the fulfilment of the GHG target and are essential also for the black carbon target.", + "context": "12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad. El trabajo remoto o teletrabajo contribuye a reducir la huella de carbono, as\u00ed como de otros contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos, lo que fortalece las pol\u00edticas de cambio clim\u00e1tico y tambi\u00e9n las de calidad del aire. Finalmente, la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculaci\u00f3n de la planeaci\u00f3n urbana con criterios de cambio clim\u00e1tico y de recuperaci\u00f3n del espacio p\u00fablico para el peat\u00f3n, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados. Todas estas acciones apoyan el cumplimiento de la meta de GEI y son esenciales tambi\u00e9n para la meta de carbono negro.", "answer": { "text": "recuperaci\u00f3n del espacio p\u00fablico para el peat\u00f3n, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados", "answer_start": 64 @@ -13351,7 +14695,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf", - "context": "It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized", + "context": "It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center.", "answer": { "text": "Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls", "answer_start": 147 @@ -13367,7 +14711,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf", - "context": "Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center. Industry Programme of action Actions Description and targets Adaptation benefits Baseline scenario Mitigation scenario and private sector development resource efficiency to reduce energy demand in agro processing industries Industrial emissions are mainly resulting from non efficient technologies that are being used by plants during the production process. As Rwanda pursues industrialization and development,unde r the BUA scenario, the industrial sector is expected to be the fastest growing sources of GHG emissions. Under the mitigation scenario, Rwanda is committed to achieve energy efficiency by starting with agro- processing industries", + "context": "Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center. Industry Programme of action Actions Description and targets Adaptation benefits Baseline scenario Mitigation scenario and private sector development resource efficiency to reduce energy demand in agro processing industries Industrial emissions are mainly resulting from non efficient technologies that are being used by plants during the production process. As Rwanda pursues industrialization and development,unde r the BUA scenario, the industrial sector is expected to be the fastest growing sources of GHG emissions. Under the mitigation scenario, Rwanda is committed to achieve energy efficiency by starting with agro- processing industries as large consumers of wood fuels. By intends to avoid total GHG emission reductions of from Tea and Coffee industries.", "answer": { "text": "Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls", "answer_start": 44 @@ -13479,7 +14823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "57,000 vehicles renewed between 1.03 Mt CO2 eq Transport 22) Change to truckload transport mode to Fluvial - Magdalena River: Dredging activities of the Magdalena River to maintain navigability along the river Transport of 8 million tonnes of cargo annually 0.20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Active Transport and Demand Management (TAnDem): Increase the modal participation of bicycles in all cities subject to NAMA by means of eight (8) direct mitigation measures based on the Push-Pull Focus (some measures encourage active transport -Pull-, others discourage the use of the individual car -Push-).", + "context": "57.000 veh\u00edculos renovados entre 1,03 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 22) Cambio a modo transporte de carga carretero a Fluvial - R\u00edo Magdalena: Actividades de dragado del R\u00edo Magdalena para mantener la navegabilidad a lo largo del r\u00edo. Transporte de 8 millones de toneladas de carga anuales 0,20 Mt CO2 eq Transportexliii 23) NAMA Transporte Activo y gesti\u00f3n de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participaci\u00f3n modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull (algunas medidas incentivan el transporte activo -Pull-, otras desincentivan el uso del autom\u00f3vil individual -Push-). Incremento en la participaci\u00f3n modal de la bicicleta en un 5,5% en las ciudades participantes: Bogot\u00e1, Cali, Medell\u00edn, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Soledad, Bucaramanga, Soacha, Pereira, Santa Marta, Valledupar, Pasto, Monter\u00eda, Neiva, Armenia, Sincelejo, Popay\u00e1n.", "answer": { "text": "NAMA Transporte Activo y gesti\u00f3n de la Demanda (TAnDem): Incrementar la participaci\u00f3n modal de la bicicleta en todas las ciudades sujetas a la NAMA mediante ocho (8) medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n directa con base en el Enfoque Push-Pull", "answer_start": 52 @@ -13527,7 +14871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos. Modernization of the public vehicle fleet by electric and hybrid units. 22. Design and implementation of the feeder bus network, in addition to mass transport and the main bus network. New natural gas units. 23. Adequacy of a safe and efficient school transport service with electric buses. 24. Introduction of enabling frameworks for the modernization of the private vehicle fleet (replacement by hybrid vehicles and 100% electric vehicles). 25. Adequacy of the cycle route network with the implementation of bicycles in large cities. 26. Creation of express bus lines for large cities (express routes). (Coalition) 27.", + "context": "Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos. Modernizaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular p\u00fablico por unidades el\u00e9ctricas e h\u00edbridas. 22. Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuaci\u00f3n de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses el\u00e9ctricos. 24. Introducci\u00f3n de marcos habilitantes para la modernizaci\u00f3n del parque de veh\u00edculos privados (sustituci\u00f3n por veh\u00edculos h\u00edbridos y 100 % el\u00e9ctricos). 25. Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.", "answer": { "text": "Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades", "answer_start": 84 @@ -13543,7 +14887,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Actions required for their adaptation to what was established under the Paris Agreement Promote the use of mass modes of terrestrial mobility as opposed to individualised modes, to achieve more efficient use of available road infrastructure and reduce congestion in cities Support financial mechanisms for the private sector for the possibility of acquiring 100% electric and hybrid cars from enabling frameworks that make investments more flexible for private owners and prioritise studies for the establishment of a system for measuring GHG emissions generated from electric/hybrid cars, based on the issuance of Decree 541-20 establishing the National Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System Nationally Determined Contribution 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Option title: Adequacy of cycling network with the implementation of bicycles in large cities.", + "context": "Acciones requeridas para su adecuaci\u00f3n a lo establecido bajo el Acuerdo de Par\u00eds Promover el uso de modos masivos de movilidad terrestre frente a modos individualizados, para lograr un uso m\u00e1s eficiente de la infraestructura vial disponible y reducir los taponamientos en las ciudades. Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% el\u00e9ctricos e h\u00edbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios privados y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medici\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos el\u00e9ctricos/h\u00edbridos, a partir de la emisi\u00f3n del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medici\u00f3n, Reporte y Verificaci\u00f3n (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades.", "answer": { "text": "Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades", "answer_start": 132 @@ -13559,7 +14903,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "It is necessary to support financial mechanisms for the private sector for the possibility of acquiring 100% electric and hybrid cars from enabling frameworks that make investments more flexible for private owners and to prioritize studies for the establishment of a system for measuring the emissions of GHGs generated from electric/hybrid cars, based on the issuance of Decree 541-20 establishing the National Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System.", + "context": "Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% el\u00e9ctricos e h\u00edbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios privados y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medici\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos el\u00e9ctricos/h\u00edbridos, a partir de la emisi\u00f3n del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medici\u00f3n, Reporte y Verificaci\u00f3n (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero.Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. Objetivo Reducci\u00f3n de GEI en el sector transporte e inversiones para implementar ciclo v\u00edas en las ciudades que los carriles lo permitan.", "answer": { "text": "Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades", "answer_start": 88 @@ -13687,7 +15031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf", - "context": "Figure 25 The Image of \u201cComfortable and Walkable\u201d Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with", + "context": "Figure 25 The Image of \u201cComfortable and Walkable\u201d Area (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In conjunction with efforts to make cities more compact and to promote the use of public transportation, the Government will promote the development of spaces and environments that are safe, comfortable, and attractive for people to travel on foot or by bicycle, thereby increasing the percentage of travel by foot or bicycle and reducing CO2 emissions from travel. In addition, in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.- 59 - Figure 26 The Image of compact city (Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) In terms of the existing infrastructures such as public facilities regarding water supply, sewerage systems, and waste disposal facilities, and transportation and energy infrastructures, the Government will promote energy conservation and make the infrastructures play the role of local energy centers to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, in combination with \ufffc systems, expanding the area of their services while consolidating them, extending their service life, and improving their disaster prevention functions.", "answer": { "text": "in order to promote bicycle use, the Government will promote activities to support the formulation of the Bicycle Use Promotion Plans by local governments, the development of bicycle traffic space networks, the improvement of bicycle parking lots, and the use of bicycle sharing in coordination with safety measures, thereby contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions.", "answer_start": 77 @@ -13831,7 +15175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "(legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;", "answer_start": 226 @@ -13847,7 +15191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions", + "context": "): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact. Efficient public passenger mobility will be implemented by modern means of transport.", "answer": { "text": "actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles;", "answer_start": 83 @@ -13863,7 +15207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Promote the use of bicycles", "answer_start": 166 @@ -13879,7 +15223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Promote the use of bicycles", "answer_start": 105 @@ -13911,7 +15255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.", + "context": "Building Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Industrial System \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new path of industrialization, developing a circular economy, optimizing the industrial structure, revising the guidance catalogue of the adjustment of industrial structure, strictly controlling the total expansion of industries with extensive energy consumption and emissions, accelerating the elimination of outdated production capacity and promoting the development of service industry and strategic emerging industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of value added from strategic emerging industries reaching 15% of the total GDP by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote low-carbon development of industrial sectors, implementing Action Plan of Industries Addressing Climate Change (2012-2020) and formulating carbon emission control target and action plans in key industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To research and formulate greenhouse gas emission standards for key industries; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To effectively control emissions from key sectors including power, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, building materials and chemical industries through energy conservation and efficiency improvement; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen the management of carbon emissions for new projects and to actively control greenhouse gas emissions originating from the industrial production process; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To construct a recycling-based industrial system, promoting recycling restructure in industrial parks, increasing the recycling and utilization of renewable resources and improving the production rate of resource; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To phase down the production and consumption of HCFC-22 for controlled uses, with its production to be reduced by 35% from the 2010 level by 2020, and by 67.5% by 2025 and to achieve effective control on emissions of HFC-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the low-carbon development in agriculture, making efforts to achieve zero growth of fertilizer and pesticide utilization by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To control methane emissions from rice fields and nitrous oxide emissions from farmland; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To construct a recyclable agriculture system, promoting comprehensive utilization of straw, reutilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and comprehensive utilization of animal waste; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote low-carbon development of service industry, actively developing low-carbon business, tourism and foodservice and vigorously promoting service industries to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings\u00e2\u0080\u0099 life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport.", "answer": { "text": "Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities", "answer_start": 575 @@ -13927,7 +15271,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/China%27s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To", + "context": "E. Controlling Emissions from Building and Transportation Sectors \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To embark on a new pattern of urbanization, optimizing the urban system and space layout, integrating the low-carbon development concept in the entire process of urban planning, construction and management and promoting the urban form that integrates industries into cities; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To enhance low-carbonized urbanization, improving energy efficiency of building and the quality of building construction, extending buildings\u00e2\u0080\u0099 life spans, intensifying energy conservation transformation for existing buildings, building energy-saving and low-carbon infrastructures, promoting the reutilization of building wastes and intensifying the recovery and utilization of methane from landfills; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To develop a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimizing means of transportation, properly allocating public transport resources in cities, giving priority to the development of public transportation and encouraging the development and use of low-carbon and environment-friendly means of transport, such as new energy vehicle and vessel; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To improve the quality of gasoline and to promote new types of alternative fuels; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the share of public transport in motorized travel in big-and- medium-sized cities reaching 30% by 2020; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities and to advocate green travel; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To accelerate the development of smart transport and green freight transport. F. Increasing Carbon Sinks \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions; \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands and to increase carbon storage capacity of wetlands; and \u00e2\u0080\u00a2 To continue to restore grassland from grazing land, to promote mechanism of maintaining the balance between grass stock and livestock, to prevent grassland degradation, to restore vegetation of grassland, to enhance grasslanddisaster prevention and farmland protection and to improve carbon storage of soil.", "answer": { "text": "Promote the development of dedicated transport system for pedestrians and bicycles in cities", "answer_start": 244 @@ -14007,7 +15351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Promote a well-developed cycling path network,", "answer_start": 218 @@ -14023,7 +15367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Promote a well-developed cycling path network,", "answer_start": 41 @@ -14295,7 +15639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies to improve performance, increase the use of vehicles (intermodality, taxis, VTCs, carpooling, self-sharing), and the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline price policy); and the taking into account of household budgetary constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Les deux suivantes portent plut\u00f4t sur les impacts des strat\u00e9gies de transports bas carbone, d\u2019une part sur les enjeux et fili\u00e8res industrielles, et d\u2019autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des m\u00e9nages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 70 @@ -14311,7 +15655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies for improving performance, increasing vehicle use (intermodality, taxis, VTC, carpooling, self-sharing), the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline pricing policy); and the taking into account of household budget constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 35 @@ -14439,7 +15783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf", - "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed", + "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.", "answer": { "text": "Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.", "answer_start": 77 @@ -14535,7 +15879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);", "answer_start": 80 @@ -14615,7 +15959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of", + "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.", "answer": { "text": "Shared electric micro mobility", "answer_start": 141 @@ -14631,7 +15975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can", + "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.", "answer": { "text": "Shared electric micro mobility", "answer_start": 121 @@ -14839,7 +16183,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To encourage new economic and financial mechanisms, including NAMAs and possible emissions markets, in order to incentivize mitigation actions. To define energy prices according to a life cycle analysis that considers externalities, including the cost of greenhouse emissions. To redefine the current energy and water subsidies structure in order to increase efficiency both in power and water consumption. To gradually adjust residential electricity and water prices to more accurate prices, compensating the vulnerable groups through targeted measures. To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.", + "context": "\u2022 To encourage new economic and financial mechanisms, including NAMAs and possible emissions markets, in order to incentivize mitigation actions. \u2022 To define energy prices according to a life cycle analysis that considers externalities, including the cost of greenhouse emissions. \u2022 To redefine the current energy and water subsidies structure in order to increase efficiency both in power and water consumption. \u2022 To gradually adjust residential electricity and water prices to more accurate prices, compensating the vulnerable groups through targeted measures. \u2022 To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.", "answer": { "text": "To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.", "answer_start": 82 @@ -14855,7 +16199,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others. To guarantee the incorporation of climate change criteria in development bank guidelines for favoring projects that involve renewable and clean energies, and that promote the transition towards less carbon-intensive technologies. To encourage a mechanism to promote voluntary carbon markets, including forest carbon offset credits. To identify, strengthen or create specific economic and financial instruments that incentivize the restoration, conservation, sustainable use, and resilience of ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.", + "context": "\u2022 To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others. \u2022 To guarantee the incorporation of climate change criteria in development bank guidelines for favoring projects that involve renewable and clean energies, and that promote the transition towards less carbon-intensive technologies. \u2022 To encourage a mechanism to promote voluntary carbon markets, including forest carbon offset credits. \u2022 To identify, strengthen or create specific economic and financial instruments that incentivize the restoration, conservation, sustainable use, and resilience of ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.", "answer": { "text": "To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.", "answer_start": 1 @@ -14999,7 +16343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Reduce commuting distances and travel time", "answer_start": 27 @@ -15191,7 +16535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Maximised deployment of renewable energies (solar and wind energy, European cooperation) and the potential role of renewable hydrogen (hydrogen strategy, decarbonisation of hard to electrify activities) 3. Energy storage options (flexibility and storage options), intelligent electricity grid (integration of renewable energies) and synergies by sectoral coupling (electrification) 1. New decarbonised, sustainable, circular, resilient and intelligent buildings (holistic approach, buildings with near zero energy consumption, heat pumps) 2. Deep and sustainable energy renovations (long-term renovation strategy, building renovation roadmaps, heating networks) 3. Positive, sustainable and dense energy neighbourhoods (development of green neighbourhoods, energy communities, densification of housing stock) 3. Mobility (territorial and", + "context": "D\u00e9ploiement maximis\u00e9 des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (\u00e9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne, coop\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne) et r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable (strat\u00e9gie hydrog\u00e8ne, d\u00e9carbonisation d\u2019activit\u00e9s difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier) 3. Options de stockage de l\u2019\u00e9nergie (options de flexibilit\u00e9 et stockage), r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique intelligent (int\u00e9gration des \u00e9nergies renouvelables) et synergies par couplage sectoriel (\u00e9lectrification) 1. Nouvelles constructions d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9es, durables, circulaires, r\u00e9silientes et intelligentes (approche holistique, b\u00e2timents \u00e0 consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie quasi nulle, pompes \u00e0 chaleur) 2. R\u00e9novations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques profondes et durables (strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9novation \u00e0 long terme, feuilles de route de r\u00e9novation de b\u00e2timents, r\u00e9seaux de chaleur) 3. Quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive, durables et denses (am\u00e9nagement d\u2019\u00e9co-quartiers, communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, densification du parc immobilier) 3. Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1.", "answer": { "text": "planification territoriale et urbaine", "answer_start": 109 @@ -15207,7 +16551,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Mobility (territorial and urban planning, reduction of fuel price differentials with neighbouring countries) 1. Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility (national mobility plan, dedicated cycle paths, attractiveness of public transport, trans-European rail network with appropriate connection) 2. Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles (vehicle fleet electrification, refuelling infrastructure) 3. Decarbonisation of freight transport and the logistics sector (logistics sector decarbonisation strategy) 4. Air and maritime sector (European and global solutions, emissions trading schemes) 4. Economy (industry decarbonisation strategy, EU emissions trading scheme, energy efficiency, electrification, hydrogen) 1. Circular economy (Luxembourg Circular Economy Strategy, \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy) 2.", + "context": "Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active (plan national de mobilit\u00e9, pistes cyclables d\u00e9di\u00e9es, attractivit\u00e9 des transports publics, r\u00e9seau ferroviaire transeurop\u00e9en avec connexion appropri\u00e9e) 2. D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions (\u00e9lectrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. D\u00e9carbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur a\u00e9rien et maritime (solutions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne et mondiale, syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission) 4. Economie (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019industrie, syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019UE, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e9lectrification, hydrog\u00e8ne) 1. Economie circulaire (strat\u00e9gie pour une \u00e9conomie circulaire Luxembourg, strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb) 2.", "answer": { "text": "planification territoriale et urbaine", "answer_start": 2 @@ -15223,7 +16567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Although it is imperative that prices reflect the real costs147 of the various modes of transport, in particular through appropriate fiscal policy, including taxation of fuel and vehicles, the development and implementation of solutions that encourage users to change their mobility habits is of paramount importance. First, the decarbonisation of the mobility system must be supported by territorial and urban planning that succeeds in reducing mobility needs despite projected population growth.", + "context": "Bien qu\u2019il soit imp\u00e9ratif que les prix refl\u00e8tent les co\u00fbts r\u00e9els147 des diff\u00e9rents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d\u2019une politique fiscale appropri\u00e9e, incluant la taxation des carburants et des v\u00e9hicules, le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions incitant les usagers \u00e0 modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilit\u00e9 sont primordiaux. Tout d\u2019abord, la d\u00e9carbonisation du syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre support\u00e9e par une planification territoriale et urbaine qui r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les besoins en mobilit\u00e9 en d\u00e9pit de la croissance d\u00e9mographique projet\u00e9e. Un rapprochement judicieux des fonctions de logement, de travail, d\u2019approvisionnement et de loisirs permet aux citoyens de raccourcir leurs d\u00e9placements148. La digitalisation progressive de l\u2019\u00e9conomie donne \u00e0 un nombre croissant de travailleurs et d\u2019organisations la possibilit\u00e9 de recourir au t\u00e9l\u00e9travail149.", "answer": { "text": "planification territoriale et urbaine", "answer_start": 67 @@ -15415,7 +16759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following areas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transport", + "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following \u00e1reas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.", "answer": { "text": "To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits", "answer_start": 7 @@ -15495,7 +16839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy", "answer_start": 220 @@ -15511,7 +16855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy", "answer_start": 159 @@ -15527,7 +16871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of", + "context": "- Law on Environment Protection, Law on Environment Impact Assessment, Law on Air Pollution Protection - Law on Wastes Disposal, Law on Sewer - Law on Energy Management, Law on Coal, Law on Electric Power, Law on Residential Fuel, Law on Medium and Small Power Plant, Law on Crude Oil, Law on Renewable Energy - Law on Forest, Law on Land, Law on Land Use Planning, Land on Landscape, Law on Nature Reserve - Law on Science and Technology, Law on City Management - National Energy Strategy - Strategy for Agriculture Development - National Strategy for Science and Technology DevelopmentIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 7 2.4 Measures to achieve the GHG emissions mitigation targets of the INDC DPR Korea will exert efforts in implementing the following measures to achieve the target of the INDC. 1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth\u2019s Forest and Children\u2019s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change.", "answer": { "text": "Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval", "answer_start": 291 @@ -15543,7 +16887,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power", + "context": "1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth\u2019s Forest and Children\u2019s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off \u2013shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.", "answer": { "text": "Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval", "answer_start": 151 @@ -15735,7 +17079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "Costa Rica's contribution to transport represents a profound transformation from a system centered on private vehicles to one centered on the well-being of people. In the thematic area of transport, Costa Rica offers the following contributions:Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION 1.1. During the period of compliance with this NDC, the Passenger Electric Railway in the Greater Metropolitan Area, powered by renewable electric energy, will enter into operation. 1.2. In 2021, concessions for public buses with decarbonization criteria will be renewed, including sectorization, electronic payment and the integration of multimodal public and active means of transport. 1.3. During the period of compliance with this NDC, the Limonense Freight Electric Railway (TELCA) will be in operation by 2022. 1.4.", + "context": "La contribuci\u00f3n de Costa Rica en transporte representa una profunda transformaci\u00f3n de un sistema centrado en veh\u00edculos particulares a uno centrado en el bienestar de las personas. En el \u00e1rea tem\u00e1tica de transporte, Costa Rica ofrece las siguientes contribuciones:Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N 1.1. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC entrar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n el Tren El\u00e9ctrico de Pasajeros en el Gran \u00c1rea Metropolitana, impulsado por energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica renovable. 1.2. En el 2021 se renovar\u00e1n las concesiones de autobuses p\u00fablicos con criterios de descarbonizaci\u00f3n, incluyendo la sectorizaci\u00f3n, el pago electr\u00f3nico y la integraci\u00f3n multimodal de medios de transporte p\u00fablico y activo. 1.3. Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren El\u00e9ctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n para el a\u00f1o 2022. 1.4.", "answer": { "text": "En el 2021 se renovar\u00e1n las concesiones de autobuses p\u00fablicos con criterios de descarbonizaci\u00f3n, incluyendo la sectorizaci\u00f3n, el pago electr\u00f3nico y la integraci\u00f3n multimodal de medios de transporte p\u00fablico y activo.", "answer_start": 71 @@ -15751,7 +17095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Investment in the conversion of efficient transformers for the electrical system. 14. Introduction of energy efficiency standards in new buildings. 15. Program for the destruction of high PCG (HFC) gases in low-efficiency refrigeration and air conditioning equipment according to the protocol of the Kigali Amendment. (Coalition) 16. Identification of possible banks for the storage of electrical energy. (Coalition) Trucking: 17. New and additional lines of the Santo Domingo Metro. 18. New cable car line. 19. Creation and adaptation of the BRT system in the major cities (Santo Domingo and Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovation of the fleet of diesel buses by 100% electric units. 21. Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos.", + "context": "Inversi\u00f3n en la reconversi\u00f3n de transformadores eficientes para el sistema el\u00e9ctrico. 14. Introducci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucci\u00f3n de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeraci\u00f3n y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia seg\u00fan protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificaci\u00f3n de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. L\u00edneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva l\u00ednea de telef\u00e9rico. 19. Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovaci\u00f3n del parque de autobuses de di\u00e9sel por unidades el\u00e9ctricas 100 %. 21. Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos.", "answer": { "text": "L\u00edneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo.", "answer_start": 65 @@ -15767,7 +17111,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Investment in the conversion of efficient transformers for the electrical system. 14. Introduction of energy efficiency standards in new buildings. 15. Program for the destruction of high PCG (HFC) gases in low-efficiency refrigeration and air conditioning equipment according to the protocol of the Kigali Amendment. (Coalition) 16. Identification of possible banks for the storage of electrical energy. (Coalition) Trucking: 17. New and additional lines of the Santo Domingo Metro. 18. New cable car line. 19. Creation and adaptation of the BRT system in the major cities (Santo Domingo and Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovation of the fleet of diesel buses by 100% electric units. 21. Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos.", + "context": "Inversi\u00f3n en la reconversi\u00f3n de transformadores eficientes para el sistema el\u00e9ctrico. 14. Introducci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucci\u00f3n de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeraci\u00f3n y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia seg\u00fan protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificaci\u00f3n de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. L\u00edneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva l\u00ednea de telef\u00e9rico. 19. Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovaci\u00f3n del parque de autobuses de di\u00e9sel por unidades el\u00e9ctricas 100 %. 21. Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos.", "answer": { "text": "Nueva l\u00ednea de telef\u00e9rico.", "answer_start": 75 @@ -15783,7 +17127,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos. Modernization of the public vehicle fleet by electric and hybrid units. 22. Design and implementation of the feeder bus network, in addition to mass transport and the main bus network. New natural gas units. 23. Adequacy of a safe and efficient school transport service with electric buses. 24. Introduction of enabling frameworks for the modernization of the private vehicle fleet (replacement by hybrid vehicles and 100% electric vehicles). 25. Adequacy of the cycle route network with the implementation of bicycles in large cities. 26. Creation of express bus lines for large cities (express routes). (Coalition) 27.", + "context": "Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos. Modernizaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular p\u00fablico por unidades el\u00e9ctricas e h\u00edbridas. 22. Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuaci\u00f3n de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses el\u00e9ctricos. 24. Introducci\u00f3n de marcos habilitantes para la modernizaci\u00f3n del parque de veh\u00edculos privados (sustituci\u00f3n por veh\u00edculos h\u00edbridos y 100 % el\u00e9ctricos). 25. Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.", "answer": { "text": "Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal", "answer_start": 23 @@ -15799,7 +17143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "It is necessary to support financial mechanisms for the private sector for the possibility of acquiring 100% electric and hybrid cars from enabling frameworks that make investments more flexible for owners and to prioritize studies for the establishment of the system for measuring the emissions of GHGs generated, which come from electric/hybrid cars, from the issuance of Decree 541-20 establishing the National System for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of Greenhouse Gases.", + "context": "Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector privado para la posibilidad adquirir autos 100% el\u00e9ctricos e h\u00edbridos a partir de marcos habilitantes que flexibilicen las inversiones a los propietarios y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema de medici\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI generada, que provienen de autos el\u00e9ctricos/h\u00edbridos, a partir de la emisi\u00f3n del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medici\u00f3n, Reporte y Verificaci\u00f3n (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero. T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de Bus Alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a Gas Natural.", "answer": { "text": "Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal", "answer_start": 81 @@ -15815,7 +17159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Title of the option: Design and implementation of the Bus Feeder network, in addition to the mass transport and the main bus network. New Natural Gas units. Objective GHG reduction in the transport sector, with a pilot design and investment in a fleet of natural gas buses. Responsible entity (Institution that monitors, reports and verifies the option) Type of Instrument (GHG Measure, Non-GHG Target and Enabling Framework) Status (Planned, approved, in progress) Sector and Categories by (Identify specific sectors and categories) Gases (GHG) (Reported Direct and Indirect Gases) Estimated Financing (Expressed in USD) INTRANT Emissions reduction 175.83 Gg CO2eq. Planned investments in 130 buses based on natural gas.", + "context": "T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de Bus Alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a Gas Natural. Objetivo Reducci\u00f3n de GEI en el sector transporte, con un dise\u00f1o e inversi\u00f3n piloto en un parque de autobuses a gas natural. Entidad Responsable (Instituci\u00f3n que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opci\u00f3n) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificaci\u00f3n, aprobado, en ejecuci\u00f3n) Sector y Categor\u00edas seg\u00fan (Identificar sector y categor\u00edas especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD) INTRANT Reducci\u00f3n de emisiones 175.83 Gg CO2eq. Inversiones previstas en 130 autobuses a base de gas natural. Ejecuci\u00f3n Prevista (2023- Sector Energ\u00eda, Categor\u00eda: carretero. La opci\u00f3n sustituye combustibles en las subcategor\u00edas de Buses y Camiones.", "answer": { "text": "Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal", "answer_start": 4 @@ -15863,7 +17207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "151 Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, 2018: Model 2.0 \u2013 Strategy for mobilityTowards climate neutrality in 2050 64 / 97 Complete centralisation followed at the end of 2020, while extensions are planned for 2023/2024. As regards the RGTR152 bus network serving all the municipalities of the country and connecting localities in the 3 neighbouring countries with urban centres in Luxembourg, a complete reorganization is being gradually implemented until 2021 on the basis of close cooperation with the municipalities and citizens. It should be noted that the RGTR concession contracts contain incentives and requirements at the level of operation (management and optimisation of consumption or training in eco-driving) and rolling stock.", + "context": "151 Minist\u00e8re du D\u00e9veloppement durable et des Infrastructures, 2018: Modu 2.0 \u2013 Strat\u00e9gie pour une mobilit\u00e9Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 64 / 97 centrale compl\u00e8te a suivi fin 2020, tandis que les extensions sont pr\u00e9vues pour 2023/2024. En ce qui concerne le r\u00e9seau de bus RGTR152 desservant toutes les communes du pays et reliant des localit\u00e9s des 3 pays voisins avec des centres urbains luxembourgeois, une r\u00e9organisation compl\u00e8te est progressivement mise en place jusqu\u2019en 2021 sur base d\u2019une \u00e9troite collaboration avec les communes et les citoyens. A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l\u2019exploitation (ma\u00eetrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9co-conduite) et du mat\u00e9riel roulant.", "answer": { "text": "En ce qui concerne le r\u00e9seau de bus RGTR152 desservant toutes les communes du pays et reliant des localit\u00e9s des 3 pays voisins avec des centres urbains luxembourgeois, une r\u00e9organisation compl\u00e8te est progressivement mise en place jusqu\u2019en 2021 sur base d\u2019une \u00e9troite collaboration avec les communes et les citoyens. A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l\u2019exploitation (ma\u00eetrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9co-conduite) et du mat\u00e9riel roulant.", "answer_start": 38 @@ -15879,7 +17223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "On the basis of these achievements, the efforts for multimodal, quantitative and qualitative development of the mobility network must be continued or even intensified in the medium and long term within the framework of the abovementioned national mobility plan.", + "context": "S\u2019appuyant sur ces accomplissements, les efforts d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement multimodal, quantitatif et qualitatif du r\u00e9seau de mobilit\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre poursuivis voire intensifi\u00e9s \u00e0 moyen et long terme dans le cadre du plan national de mobilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cit\u00e9. A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019une optimisation continue du r\u00e9seau ferroviaire, des extensions suppl\u00e9mentaires du r\u00e9seau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-del\u00e0 (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l\u2019organisation et des infrastructures du r\u00e9seau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l\u2019\u00e9change intermodal sont \u00e0 viser.", "answer": { "text": "des extensions suppl\u00e9mentaires du r\u00e9seau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-del\u00e0 (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l\u2019organisation et des infrastructures du r\u00e9seau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l\u2019\u00e9change intermodal sont \u00e0 viser", "answer_start": 43 @@ -15895,7 +17239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Alongside continuous optimisation of the railway network, further extensions of the tram network in the City of Luxembourg and beyond (e.g. express tram between Luxembourg City and Esch-sur-Alzette), improvements in the organisation and infrastructure of the bus network and greater facilitation of intermodal exchange are to be pursued. Furthermore, enhanced cross-border/European cooperation is needed to achieve a trans-European network that would make high-speed rail a real alternative to car or air travel in Europe, with an appropriate connection from Luxembourg to this network. Multimodal mobility, in conjunction with intelligent mobility management systems, plays an increasingly important role in moving towards decarbonised mobility.", + "context": "A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019une optimisation continue du r\u00e9seau ferroviaire, des extensions suppl\u00e9mentaires du r\u00e9seau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-del\u00e0 (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l\u2019organisation et des infrastructures du r\u00e9seau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l\u2019\u00e9change intermodal sont \u00e0 viser. Une coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re/europ\u00e9enne amplifi\u00e9e est par ailleurs n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9aliser un r\u00e9seau transeurop\u00e9en qui permettrait de faire du train \u00e0 grande vitesse une v\u00e9ritable solution de substitution de la voiture ou de l\u2019avion pour les d\u00e9placements en Europe, avec une connexion appropri\u00e9e du Luxembourg \u00e0 ce r\u00e9seau. La mobilit\u00e9 multimodale, conjointement avec les syst\u00e8mes de gestion de la mobilit\u00e9 intelligents, jouent un r\u00f4le de plus en plus important pour progresser vers une mobilit\u00e9 d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "des extensions suppl\u00e9mentaires du r\u00e9seau de tram dans la Ville de Luxembourg et au-del\u00e0 (par exemple tram express entre Luxembourg-Ville et Esch-sur-Alzette), un perfectionnement au niveau de l\u2019organisation et des infrastructures du r\u00e9seau de bus ainsi que la facilitation accrue de l\u2019\u00e9change intermodal sont \u00e0 viser", "answer_start": 8 @@ -16007,7 +17351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);", "answer_start": 80 @@ -16023,7 +17367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city", "answer_start": 149 @@ -16039,7 +17383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city", "answer_start": 88 @@ -16055,7 +17399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes", "answer_start": 265 @@ -16071,7 +17415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes", "answer_start": 204 @@ -16167,7 +17511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration", + "context": "GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 0.2 e/year MoE Cement sector Waste _MSW 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) (Small size (2-3-4m3) MAFF Building residential Agriculture land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Medium size(6-8-10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to 2000) Large size(>10m3) MAFF Energy generation Agriculture land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e from 2021-2030at an average of e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings e /year NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories MoE Other IndustryCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter for emission to the air to 90 factories.", "answer": { "text": "Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities", "answer_start": 51 @@ -16183,7 +17527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "ReducingCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance", + "context": "ReducingCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution the toxicity and amount of emission pollutants coming from brick kilns is also an expected benefit to implementing energy efficient technology. 3: Sustainable energy practices in food & beverage Industry 3.1: Replacing inefficient boilers in the F&B industry Improving energy productivity, reducing ambient temperatures through ventilation and cooling optimization and decreasing fugitive heat losses from steam and compressed air delivery systems 4: RECP practices in the manufacturing industries 4.1: Replace an LPG fired boiler consuming about 704,428 L/year with a biomass- residues fired boiler in a Food Import and Export company 4.2: Replace a diesel-fired dynamo with grid electricity at a milling factory; the diesel dynamo is consuming 12 liters/hour operating for 8 hours/day, 20 days/month 4.3: Improve operations at a noodles manufacturing unit to reduce the usage of one boiler from existing four-boiler system 4.4: Install a system to collect and re-use waste steam and hot water from meat steamer, resulting in about 524 m3/year of fuel wood savingCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Transport Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) MPWT 1.", "answer": { "text": "Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities", "answer_start": 190 @@ -16295,7 +17639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building", + "context": "MoE Cement sector Waste -MSWNo Mitigation Projects/Activities Lead Ministry Sector GHG ER from RDF + anaerobic digestion up to 200 e/year 13 Implementation of National 3R strategy MoE Waste -MSW 14 Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle (Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles) 30 vehicle inspection centres in operation by 2030 MPWT Passenger transport 15 Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities MPWT Passenger transport 16 Reducing GHG emission though off grid street lightening of rural municipality 10 Sangkat of Senmonorom municipality, Kep municipality, and Preah municipality integration of climate change into financial management, institutional arrangement and policy reform by 2028. NCDD Building commercial Building residential 17 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Building residential Agricultural land related 18 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related 19 Bio-digesters construction (85% reduction compared to MAFF Energy generation Agricultural land related Waste -MSW 20 Centralized recycling facility for industrial waste from the garment sector e/at an average of 10,847 tCO2 e/year MISTI Waste -MSW 21 Climate-friendly cooling of public sector buildings NCSD Building commercial 22 Toward Battambang city to green city 5 Sangkat of Battambang municipality integration of green city by 2025 NCDD Building commercial & Residential 23 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Freight Transport 24 Emission management from factories Monitor air quality at 105 factories annually and provide permit letter on air emission to 90 factories.", "answer": { "text": "Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities", "answer_start": 56 @@ -16343,7 +17687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "Incorporate energy efficiency parameters into the National Construction Code U-4. Energy efficiency in new construction Mitigation options for GHG emission reductions in the following sectors: Energy, Transport, Industry, Agriculture and Livestock, Forests and other land uses, and Solid and Liquid Waste 62 National Strategy for Low Greenhouse Gas EmissionsSECTOR TRANSPORT Leading Ministry Priority Options Simplified Name Ministry of Communications, Infrastructure and Housing (MICIVI) T-1. Expand the AMCG public transport infrastructure by building the MetroRiel nearby train T-2. Improve the equipment of extra-urban public transport T-2. Extra-urban public transport T-3. Increase the level of service of the municipality of Guatemala's urban public transport T-3. Urban public transport T-4.", + "context": "Incorporar par\u00e1metros de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en el C\u00f3digo Nacional de Construcci\u00f3n U-4. Eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en nuevas construcciones Opciones de mitigaci\u00f3n para la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI de los Sectores: Energ\u00eda, Transporte, Industria, Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda, Bosques y otros usos de la tierra y Desechos s\u00f3lidos y l\u00edquidos 62 Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR TRANSPORTE Ministerio l\u00edder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Infraestructura y Vivienda (MICIVI) T-1. Expandir la infraestructura de transporte p\u00fablico del AMCG mediante la construcci\u00f3n del tren de cercan\u00eda MetroRiel T-2. Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte p\u00fablico extraurbano. T-2. Transporte p\u00fablico extraurbano. T-3. Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte p\u00fablico urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte p\u00fablico urbano T-4.", "answer": { "text": "Expandir la infraestructura de transporte p\u00fablico del AMCG mediante la construcci\u00f3n del tren de cercan\u00eda MetroRiel", "answer_start": 76 @@ -16359,7 +17703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Transport Commitment Improving the efficiency of the national transport system Background and description of the commitment Modernisation of the vehicle fleet is under way with the ban on the import of vehicles older than 13 years from 2021. Very significant margins of progress remain to control and reduce transport emissions. It is also a question of modernising and developing public and private public transit, studying and promoting experiments for sustainable mobility and developing rail transport of people and goods. Many railway projects for the transport of minerals are under study or under development.", + "context": "L\u2019ensemble des mesures ci-dessus repr\u00e9senterait au total 1 160 kTCO2eq /an \u00e9vit\u00e9es en 2030 rapport au scenario inconditionnel. Transports Engagement Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de transports national Contexte et description de l\u2019engagement La modernisation du parc de v\u00e9hicules est en cours avec l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 13 ans depuis 2021. Des marges de progression tr\u00e8s importantes subsistent pour contr\u00f4ler et r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions du transport. Il s\u2019agit aussi de moderniser et d\u00e9velopper les transports en commun publics et priv\u00e9s, d\u2019\u00e9tudier et promouvoir les exp\u00e9rimentations pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable et de d\u00e9velopper le transport ferroviaire de personnes et marchandises. De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.", "answer": { "text": "Il s\u2019agit aussi de moderniser et d\u00e9velopper les transports en commun publics et priv\u00e9s", "answer_start": 68 @@ -16375,7 +17719,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the Conakry Urban Development Plan, including a BRT bus line and a railway line, is an essential asset not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for improving the living conditions of millions of people in the capital. Unconditional objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation).", + "context": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).", "answer": { "text": "Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.", "answer_start": 19 @@ -16407,7 +17751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf", - "context": "Acquired funding National energy efficiency promotion programme (household appliances, lighting, etc.) Updating of regulations on clean energy production (ongoing) Installation of two 200 MW and 300 MW gas-fired power stations Programme to connect 25 isolated networks to the national electricity grid Minigrid/UNDP/Green Fund Two OMVS projects under study (Koukoutamba and Gourbassi) -CONNECTION DENTERMINEE TO NATIONAL LEVEL CDN MAURITANIE Sectors / Sub-sectors Contributions to total mitigation efforts Challenges / Constraints Recommended measures of which 5.21% unconditional Transport 92.65 Gg Eq- soit \u25aa Fleet aging \u25aa Low coverage of public transport \u25aa Lack of promotion of \"clean\" vehicles \u2022 Completion of Nouakchott tramway project Under study (concept note) Comple", + "context": "Financement acquis \u2022 Programme national de promotion de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (\u00e9quipements domestiques, \u00e9clairage, etc.) \u2022 Mise \u00e0 jour de la r\u00e9glementation sur la production de l\u2019\u00e9nergie propre (en cours) \u2022 Mise en place de deux centrales \u00e0 gaz de 200 MW et 300 MW \u2022 Programme de connexion de 25 r\u00e9seaux isol\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique national. Minigrid/PNUD/Fonds Vert \u2022 Deux projets OMVS \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude (Koukoutamba et Gourbassi) -CONTRIBUTION DENTERMINEE AU NIVEAU NATIONAL CDN MAURITANIE Secteurs / Sous-Secteurs Contributions aux efforts d\u2019att\u00e9nuation totale D\u00e9fis / Contraintes Mesures pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es dont 5,21% inconditionnel Transport 92,65 Gg Eq- soit \u25aa V\u00e9tust\u00e9 du parc automobile \u25aa Faible couverture du transport public \u25aa Absence de promotion des v\u00e9hicules \u00ab propres \u00bb \u2022 R\u00e9alisation du projet de tramway de Nouakchott. En phase \u00e9tude (concept note) \u2022 R\u00e9alisation du projet du train de Sahel, G5 Sahel, tron\u00e7on Nouakchott \u2013 S\u00e9libabi-Kayes.", "answer": { "text": "R\u00e9alisation du projet de tramway de Nouakchott. En phase \u00e9tude", "answer_start": 116 @@ -16423,7 +17767,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "Invest and modernize the core business and 4. Refine the institution. \u2022 Provide large cities with high-capacity public transportation using renewable energy; \u2022 Establish a taxi fleet renewal program; \u2022 Establish a US$200 million urban transportation roadside fund; \u2022 Freeze HFC consumption in 2024 and start the first phase of reduction from 2029; and \u2022 Act early on HFC reduction and introduce climate-friendly solutions.", + "context": "Investir et moderniser le c\u0153ur de m\u00e9tier et 4. Refonder l\u2019institution. \u2022 \u0007 Doter les grandes agglom\u00e9rations de moyens de transport public de grande capacit\u00e9 utilisant les \u00e9nergies renouvelables ; \u2022 Mettre sur pied un programme de renouvellement du parc des taxis ; \u2022 \u0007 Mettre sur pied un fonds d\u2019accompagnement routier de transport urbain, capitalise\u0301 a\u0300 hauteur de 200 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains. \u2022 \u0007 Geler la consommation des HFC en 2024 et d\u00e9marrage de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de r\u00e9duction \u00e0 partir de 2029 ; \u2022 \u0007 Agir de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9coce sur la r\u00e9duction des HFC et introduire des solutions respectueuses du climat.", "answer": { "text": "Doter les grandes agglom\u00e9rations de moyens de transport public de grande capacit\u00e9 utilisant les \u00e9nergies renouvelables", "answer_start": 13 @@ -16487,7 +17831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 186 @@ -16503,7 +17847,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 9 @@ -16519,7 +17863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 212 @@ -16535,7 +17879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 35 @@ -16551,7 +17895,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030:", + "context": "Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).", "answer": { "text": "increase the network security and expand the network coverage", "answer_start": 47 @@ -16567,7 +17911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government", + "context": "The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Some of these have already been received and put into use \u2022 Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "increase the network security and expand the network coverage", "answer_start": 20 @@ -16711,7 +18055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale", + "context": "- Law on Environment Protection, Law on Environment Impact Assessment, Law on Air Pollution Protection - Law on Wastes Disposal, Law on Sewer - Law on Energy Management, Law on Coal, Law on Electric Power, Law on Residential Fuel, Law on Medium and Small Power Plant, Law on Crude Oil, Law on Renewable Energy - Law on Forest, Law on Land, Law on Land Use Planning, Land on Landscape, Law on Nature Reserve - Law on Science and Technology, Law on City Management - National Energy Strategy - Strategy for Agriculture Development - National Strategy for Science and Technology DevelopmentIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 7 2.4 Measures to achieve the GHG emissions mitigation targets of the INDC DPR Korea will exert efforts in implementing the following measures to achieve the target of the INDC. 1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth\u2019s Forest and Children\u2019s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change.", "answer": { "text": "Expand and encourage public transport facilities", "answer_start": 315 @@ -16727,7 +18071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power", + "context": "1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth\u2019s Forest and Children\u2019s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off \u2013shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.", "answer": { "text": "Expand and encourage public transport facilities", "answer_start": 175 @@ -16983,7 +18327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "44 6.2.2 Maximizing the deployment of renewable energies. 45 6.2.3 On the potential role of renewable hydrogen 48 6.2.4 Energy storage options to facilitate the expansion of renewable energies 49 6.2.5 Intelligent electricity network: the backbone of energy supply. 51 6.2.6 Exploiting synergies through sectoral linkages. 52 6.3.1 New decarbonised, sustainable, circular, resilient and intelligent buildings 6.3.2 Deep and sustainable energy renovations 57 6.3.3 Positive, sustainable and dense energy districts. 60Towards climate neutrality in 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility 63 6.4.2 Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles. 64 6.4.3 Decarbonising freight transport and logistics. 67 6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors 68 6.5.1 Circular economy", + "context": "Strat\u00e9gie nationale \u00e0 long terme en mati\u00e8re d\u2019action climat \u00ab Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 \u00bbVers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 2 / 97 Table des mati\u00e8res 2.1 Contexte international et europ\u00e9en . 9 2.2 Contexte national 11 3 Relev\u00e9 de la situation nationale 15 3.1 Evolution des \u00e9missions sectorielles de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 19 4 Elaboration et mises \u00e0 jour ult\u00e9rieures de la strat\u00e9gie . 21 5 Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 . 23 5.1 Vision strat\u00e9gique . 23 5.3 Principes directeurs 24 6 Agir pour la neutralit\u00e9 climatique . 25 6.1 Cadre facilitateur pour la transition vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique . 25 6.1.1 Gouvernance et participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition 25 6.1.2 Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations n\u00e9cessaires 27 6.1.3 Finances publiques durables : int\u00e9grer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l\u2019Etat 6.1.4 March\u00e9s publics durables : consolider le r\u00f4le pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019Etat et des communes 30 6.1.5 Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement territorial et urbain 32 6.1.6 Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l\u2019innovation et la digitalisation . 35 6.1.7 Favoriser l\u2019engagement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e9toffer le r\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la formation 6.1.8 Renforcer le cadre UE en faveur de l\u2019action pour le climat 42 6.2 Syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique 44 6.2.1 Principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique . 44 6.2.2 Maximiser le d\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9nergies renouvelables . 45 6.2.3 Au sujet du r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable 48 6.2.4 Options de stockage de l\u2019\u00e9nergie facilitant l\u2019expansion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables 49 6.2.5 R\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique intelligent : \u00e9pine dorsale de l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique . 51 6.2.6 Exploiter des synergies par couplage sectoriel . 52 6.3.1 Nouvelles constructions d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9es, durables, circulaires, r\u00e9silientes et intelligentes 6.3.2 R\u00e9novations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques profondes et durables 57 6.3.3 Quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive, durables et denses . 60Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active 63 6.4.2 D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions . 64 6.4.3 D\u00e9carboniser le transport de marchandises et le secteur logistique . 67 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime 68 6.5.1 Economie circulaire . 72 6.5.2 Eco-innovation et \u00e9cotechnologies . 74 6.5.3 Mod\u00e8les d\u2019entreprise 76 6.6 Alimentation et agriculture . 78 6.7 Sylviculture et puits de carbone . 82 6.8 Finances durables . 84 6.8.1 Mobilisation du capital priv\u00e9 et r\u00e9orientation des flux financiers 84 6.8.2 Financement climatique international : solidarit\u00e9 internationale 86 7 Adaptation au changement climatique 88 8 Financement de la transition vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique 91 9 Garantir une transition juste . 94 Liste des abr\u00e9viations 97Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 4 / 97 Les constats du Groupe d experts Intergouvernemental sur l Evolution du Climat (GIEC) sont univoques1.", "answer": { "text": "Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active", "answer_start": 310 @@ -16999,7 +18343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "44 6.2.2 Maximizing the deployment of renewable energies. 45 6.2.3 On the potential role of renewable hydrogen 48 6.2.4 Energy storage options to facilitate the expansion of renewable energies 49 6.2.5 Intelligent electricity network: the backbone of energy supply. 51 6.2.6 Exploiting synergies through sectoral linkages. 52 6.3.1 New decarbonised, sustainable, circular, resilient and intelligent buildings 6.3.2 Deep and sustainable energy renovations 57 6.3.3 Positive, sustainable and dense energy districts. 60Towards climate neutrality in 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility 63 6.4.2 Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles. 64 6.4.3 Decarbonising freight transport and logistics. 67 6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors 68 6.5.1 Circular economy", + "context": "Strat\u00e9gie nationale \u00e0 long terme en mati\u00e8re d\u2019action climat \u00ab Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 \u00bbVers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 2 / 97 Table des mati\u00e8res 2.1 Contexte international et europ\u00e9en . 9 2.2 Contexte national 11 3 Relev\u00e9 de la situation nationale 15 3.1 Evolution des \u00e9missions sectorielles de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 19 4 Elaboration et mises \u00e0 jour ult\u00e9rieures de la strat\u00e9gie . 21 5 Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 . 23 5.1 Vision strat\u00e9gique . 23 5.3 Principes directeurs 24 6 Agir pour la neutralit\u00e9 climatique . 25 6.1 Cadre facilitateur pour la transition vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique . 25 6.1.1 Gouvernance et participation active de tous les acteurs de la transition 25 6.1.2 Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations n\u00e9cessaires 27 6.1.3 Finances publiques durables : int\u00e9grer les aspects climatiques dans le budget de l\u2019Etat 6.1.4 March\u00e9s publics durables : consolider le r\u00f4le pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019Etat et des communes 30 6.1.5 Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement territorial et urbain 32 6.1.6 Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l\u2019innovation et la digitalisation . 35 6.1.7 Favoriser l\u2019engagement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e9toffer le r\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la formation 6.1.8 Renforcer le cadre UE en faveur de l\u2019action pour le climat 42 6.2 Syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique 44 6.2.1 Principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique . 44 6.2.2 Maximiser le d\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9nergies renouvelables . 45 6.2.3 Au sujet du r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable 48 6.2.4 Options de stockage de l\u2019\u00e9nergie facilitant l\u2019expansion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables 49 6.2.5 R\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique intelligent : \u00e9pine dorsale de l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique . 51 6.2.6 Exploiter des synergies par couplage sectoriel . 52 6.3.1 Nouvelles constructions d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9es, durables, circulaires, r\u00e9silientes et intelligentes 6.3.2 R\u00e9novations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques profondes et durables 57 6.3.3 Quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive, durables et denses . 60Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 3 / 97 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active 63 6.4.2 D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions . 64 6.4.3 D\u00e9carboniser le transport de marchandises et le secteur logistique . 67 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime 68 6.5.1 Economie circulaire . 72 6.5.2 Eco-innovation et \u00e9cotechnologies . 74 6.5.3 Mod\u00e8les d\u2019entreprise 76 6.6 Alimentation et agriculture . 78 6.7 Sylviculture et puits de carbone . 82 6.8 Finances durables . 84 6.8.1 Mobilisation du capital priv\u00e9 et r\u00e9orientation des flux financiers 84 6.8.2 Financement climatique international : solidarit\u00e9 internationale 86 7 Adaptation au changement climatique 88 8 Financement de la transition vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique 91 9 Garantir une transition juste . 94 Liste des abr\u00e9viations 97Vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 4 / 97 Les constats du Groupe d experts Intergouvernemental sur l Evolution du Climat (GIEC) sont univoques1. Le changement climatique caus\u00e9 par les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) est en train de transformer notre environnement \u00e0 une vitesse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.", "answer": { "text": "Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active", "answer_start": 310 @@ -17015,7 +18359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Mobility (territorial and urban planning, reduction of fuel price differentials with neighbouring countries) 1. Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility (national mobility plan, dedicated cycle paths, attractiveness of public transport, trans-European rail network with appropriate connection) 2. Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles (vehicle fleet electrification, refuelling infrastructure) 3. Decarbonisation of freight transport and the logistics sector (logistics sector decarbonisation strategy) 4. Air and maritime sector (European and global solutions, emissions trading schemes) 4. Economy (industry decarbonisation strategy, EU emissions trading scheme, energy efficiency, electrification, hydrogen) 1. Circular economy (Luxembourg Circular Economy Strategy, \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy) 2.", + "context": "Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active (plan national de mobilit\u00e9, pistes cyclables d\u00e9di\u00e9es, attractivit\u00e9 des transports publics, r\u00e9seau ferroviaire transeurop\u00e9en avec connexion appropri\u00e9e) 2. D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions (\u00e9lectrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. D\u00e9carbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur a\u00e9rien et maritime (solutions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne et mondiale, syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission) 4. Economie (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019industrie, syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019UE, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e9lectrification, hydrog\u00e8ne) 1. Economie circulaire (strat\u00e9gie pour une \u00e9conomie circulaire Luxembourg, strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb) 2.", "answer": { "text": "Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active", "answer_start": 17 @@ -17031,7 +18375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Towards climate neutrality in 2050 63 / 97 In order to eliminate GHG emissions resulting from mobility needs, the modal shares of active mobility and public transport must both be increased through appropriate mobility planning and the deployment of zero-emission vehicles accelerated. 6.4.1 Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility According to the 2017 Luxmobil survey, 69% of journeys were made by private car, 17% by public transport, 12% by walking and 2% by bicycle.", + "context": "148 Voir le chapitre \u00ab Exploiter la fonction coordinatrice de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement territorial et urbain \u00bb 149 Voir le chapitre \u00ab Mobiliser la recherche et favoriser l\u2019innovation et la digitalisation \u00bbVers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 63 / 97 Afin d\u2019\u00e9liminer les \u00e9missions de GES r\u00e9sultant des besoins en mobilit\u00e9, il faut \u00e0 la fois accro\u00eetre les parts modales de la mobilit\u00e9 active et des transports en commun par une planification de la mobilit\u00e9 appropri\u00e9e et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9ploiement de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions. 6.4.1 Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019enqu\u00eate Luxmobil de 2017, 69% des trajets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faits en voiture particuli\u00e8re, 17% en transport en commun, 12% en marche \u00e0 pied et 2% en v\u00e9lo.", "answer": { "text": "Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active", "answer_start": 84 @@ -17047,7 +18391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.1 Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility According to the 2017 Luxmobil survey, 69% of journeys were made by private car, 17% by public transport, 12% by walking and 2% by bicycle.", + "context": "6.4.1 Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019enqu\u00eate Luxmobil de 2017, 69% des trajets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faits en voiture particuli\u00e8re, 17% en transport en commun, 12% en marche \u00e0 pied et 2% en v\u00e9lo. Ces donn\u00e9es confirment qu\u2019aussi bien dans une perspective de mobilit\u00e9 fluide que de mobilit\u00e9 d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9e, la planification de la mobilit\u00e9 doit prioritairement poursuivre l\u2019objectif d\u2019augmenter les parts modales de la mobilit\u00e9 active et des transports en commun au d\u00e9triment de la part modale de la voiture, tout en am\u00e9liorant la multimodalit\u00e9150 du r\u00e9seau de mobilit\u00e9.", "answer": { "text": "Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active", "answer_start": 1 @@ -17063,7 +18407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Renewable gases and the integration of sectors can provide important advantages, such as renewable hydrogen, an important energy vector to contribute to decarbonisation. \u25b6 Digitisation and innovation will enable better use to be made of all energy resources. \u25b6 Urban planning must be integrated with the transport sector.", + "context": "\u25b6 Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidr\u00f3geno renovable, importante vector energ\u00e9tico para contribuir a la descarbonizaci\u00f3n. \u25b6 La digitalizaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n permitir\u00e1 un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energ\u00e9ticos. \u25b6 La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte.", "answer": { "text": "La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte.", "answer_start": 40 @@ -17079,7 +18423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Urban planning must be integrated with the transport sector.In 2030, as a result of measures envisaged in the IPCC, such as changing mobility patterns, increasing electrification and renewable fuels, it is planned to achieve a 28% share of renewable energy in transport-mobility, as well as a reduction in emissions of more than 30% in the same decade.The construction sector comprises the residential, commercial and institutional subsectors (for more details, see ANEXO C paragraph C.3. Sustainable building).", + "context": "\u25b6 La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el a\u00f1o 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificaci\u00f3n y los combustibles renovables, se prev\u00e9 alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energ\u00eda renovable en el transporte-movilidad, as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de m\u00e1s de un 30% en esa misma d\u00e9cada.El sector de la edificaci\u00f3n comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para m\u00e1s detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificaci\u00f3n sostenible). Siguiendo el principio \u201cprimero, la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica\u201d la Comisi\u00f3n Europea propone la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en la edificaci\u00f3n como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.", "answer": { "text": "La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte.", "answer_start": 1 @@ -17143,7 +18487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", "answer_start": 174 @@ -17159,7 +18503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", "answer_start": 153 @@ -17175,7 +18519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", "answer_start": 185 @@ -17191,7 +18535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", "answer_start": 171 @@ -17335,7 +18679,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Wherever relevant, introduce the principle of \u201cfree, prior, and informed consent\u201d.Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy To implement intersectoral mitigation and adaptation actions through the coordination and cooperation between federal institutions, public actors, and private actors To guarantee the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation criteria in political instruments such as: the evaluation of environmental impacts; general, state, and municipal land-use planning; ecological marine planning, and land-use planning for tourism and urban development To align land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, housing, energy, transport, mobility, green areas, coastlines, comprehensive waste management, and water policies, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies", + "context": "Wherever relevant, introduce the principle of \u201cfree, prior, and informed consent\u201d.Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy \u2022 To implement intersectoral mitigation and adaptation actions through the coordination and cooperation between federal institutions, public actors, and private actors. \u2022 To guarantee the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation criteria in political instruments such as: the evaluation of environmental impacts; general, state, and municipal land-use planning; ecological marine planning, and land-use planning for tourism and urban development. \u2022 To align land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, housing, energy, transport, mobility, green areas, coastlines, comprehensive waste management, and water policies, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements. \u2022 To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies.", "answer": { "text": "To align land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, housing, energy, transport, mobility, green areas, coastlines, comprehensive waste management, and water policies, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements", "answer_start": 76 @@ -17479,7 +18823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours", "answer_start": 383 @@ -17495,7 +18839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours", "answer_start": 322 @@ -17511,7 +18855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The government roadmap Togo 2025 from the NDP sets out the following objectives: o increase the share of electric vehicles in the purchase of new vehicles to 3% by 2025; 2 Brief overview of the transport sector in Togo 2016 3 Sustainable energy for all (se4all) Sustainable energy for all 2030 (SE4ALL-20 national action programme, Octobero extend the rural road network by building 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential in order to connect farmers to the market; o build the Unity motorway by accelerating the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the town of Lom\u00e9 and the autonomous port.", + "context": "La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 ; 2 Bref aper\u00e7u du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 \u00e9nergie durable pour tous (se4all) \u00e9nergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d\u2019action national, octobreo \u00e9tendre le r\u00e9seau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9, o construire l\u2019autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 par l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port autonome. La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.", "answer": { "text": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.", "answer_start": 117 @@ -17527,7 +18871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the national energy efficiency in transport programme, mandatory technical inspection and eco-driving training are measures that contribute to achieving the objectives of the CBD. Table 8: Total investment costs of the transport subsector Revised CBD actions Investment costs Conditional Conditional Investment cost Total % Costs % Costs Implementation cost Green mobility programme Improvement of road infrastructure to reduce congestion in urban centres Source: CBD Support Project, September 2021 The total financial requirements in the transport subsector are estimated to result in a cumulative emission reduction of 9,960.04 Gg CO2-eq over the period 2020-2030 compared to a business as usual scenario through the projects listed in the annex. 5.1.1.3. Residential subsector Residential and commercial locations contribute to GHG emissions due to the level of energy consumption.", + "context": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Co\u00fbts d\u2019investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es Co\u00fbts d\u2019investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissem ent Total % Co\u00fbts % Co\u00fbts Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est \u00e9valu\u00e9 engendrer une r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030 par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario \u00ab business as usual \u00bb \u00e0 travers les projets d\u00e9clin\u00e9s en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur r\u00e9sidentiel Les lieux de r\u00e9sidence et de commerce contribuent aux \u00e9missions des GES \u00e0 cause du niveau de consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie.", "answer": { "text": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -17703,7 +19047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the challenge is therefore to reverse this trend and to make every effort to decarbonise the mobility system. The efforts to be made will be very substantial, but will also bring important additional benefits such as better air quality, a reduction in road congestion, noise nuisance and the number of accidents, or a reduction or even elimination of storage capacities for petroleum products, thereby generating health benefits and improvements in the quality of life of citizens.", + "context": "Pour parvenir \u00e0 la neutralit\u00e9 climatique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, le d\u00e9fi consiste donc \u00e0 inverser cette tendance et \u00e0 tout mettre en \u0153uvre pour d\u00e9carboniser le syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9. Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer": { "text": "g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer_start": 75 @@ -17719,7 +19063,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Although it is imperative that prices reflect the real costs147 of the various modes of transport, in particular through an appropriate fiscal policy, including taxation of fuels and vehicles, the development and implementation of solutions that encourage users to change their habits in terms of mobility are paramount.", + "context": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu\u2019il soit imp\u00e9ratif que les prix refl\u00e8tent les co\u00fbts r\u00e9els147 des diff\u00e9rents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d\u2019une politique fiscale appropri\u00e9e, incluant la taxation des carburants et des v\u00e9hicules, le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions incitant les usagers \u00e0 modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilit\u00e9 sont primordiaux.", "answer": { "text": "g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer_start": 46 @@ -17735,7 +19079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "constraints \u0084 Potential disincentive for households to sort recyclable waste at source (from semi-mixed waste separation measure) Economic \u0084 Higher administrative burden on Local Councils \u0084 Higher cost of collection \u0084 Administrative burden \u0084 Change in demand for printing houses \u0084 Macroeconomic impacts from household behavior changes (e.g. purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility", + "context": "Increased awareness in homes enables food cost savings \u0084 Improved public health \u0084 Improved security for incinerator workers & neighborhoods \u0084 Better job conditions for EfW plant workers \u0084 Lower nuisance effects on individuals residing near the EfW facility Economic \u0084 Cost savings for commercial businesses and more customer profile insights for tailored offerings \u0084 Potential reduction in costs, capacity issues and adverse externalities experienced in the sector \u0084 Economic efficiency and resiliency gains from a more circular economy \u0084 Creation of additional raw material input into secondary economic markets \u0084 R&I in connection with change in biogas use and development of efficient waste sorting management processes \u0084 Indirect contribution to lowering food insecurity and malnutrition goals \u0084 Positive impacts on reaching national recycling targets Social \u0084 Change in household behavior requires more attention and effort, against time and space constraints \u0084 Potential disincentive for households to sort recyclable waste at source (from semi-mixed waste separation measure) Economic \u0084 Higher administrative burden on Local Councils \u0084 Higher cost of collection \u0084 Administrative burden \u0084 Change in demand for printing houses \u0084 Macroeconomic impacts from household behavior changes (e.g. purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) \u0084 Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW \u0084 Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide.", "answer": { "text": "Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising", "answer_start": 224 @@ -17751,7 +19095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security", + "context": "purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) \u0084 Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW \u0084 Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide. Economic \u0084 Business costs in connection with EV transition adjustments \u0084 Potentially lower market competition in EV market and competitive distortions from public transport subsidisation \u0084 Negative knock-on effects on economic activity and employment in traditional personal car travel sectors \u0084 Additional tax/ charges burden on businesses and individuals, which can result to be of a regressive nature \u0084 Administrative requirements for management of any mechanism to disincentivise undesirable usage \u0084 Free public transport may disincentivise innovation/ competition in this market \u0084 Negative/ displacement effects on commercial activity of any location-specific disincentive scheme Table 26: Impact Assessment for the Transport sectorAnnexesMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy 6.1.", "answer": { "text": "Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising", "answer_start": 36 @@ -17895,7 +19239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "However, it devotes a chapter to the reduction of fluorinated gases and refers in general terms to \"initiatives for the development of decarbonised production models, towards a circular and regenerative economy...\". 8 The Walloon strategy talks of complete decarbonisation, the Flemish zero emissions strategy for transport and the Brussels strategy also considers that it is possible to decarbonise transport extensively. Each strategy focuses mainly on the management/rationalisation of transport demand, with an emphasis on digitisation, efficient spatial planning and a circular economy with shorter local value chains, which reduces the need for freight transport.", + "context": "Elle consacre toutefois un chapitre \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des gaz fluor\u00e9s et fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux aux \u00ab initiatives d\u00e9veloppant des mod\u00e8les de production d\u00e9carbon\u00e9s, vers l \u00e9conomie circulaire et r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative \u2026\u00bb. 8 La strat\u00e9gie wallonne parle de d\u00e9carbonation compl\u00e8te, la strat\u00e9gie flamande de z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission pour les transports et la strat\u00e9gie bruxelloise consid\u00e8re \u00e9galement qu il est possible de d\u00e9carboner largement les \u0017\u001a\u0004 \u0001\u0002\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\u0006\u0007\u0007\u0003 \u0003 \u000e\u000e\u000f\u0003\u0010\u0011 \u0003\u0012\u0013\u0003\u0004\u0004\u0006\u0007\u0006\u0007\u0007\u0003\u0014\u0007\u0007\u0002\u0015\u0007\u0016\u0017\u0007\u0018\u0007\u0007\u0004\u0019Chaque strat\u00e9gie se focalise principalement sur la gestion/rationalisation de la demande de transport, en mettant l accent sur la num\u00e9risation, l am\u00e9nagement efficace du territoire et une \u00e9conomie circulaire avec des cha\u00eenes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui r\u00e9duit le besoin de transport de marchandises.", "answer": { "text": "une \u00e9conomie circulaire avec des cha\u00eenes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui r\u00e9duit le besoin de transport de marchandises.", "answer_start": 94 @@ -17911,7 +19255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "8 The Walloon strategy refers to complete decarbonisation, the Flemish zero-emission strategy for transport and the Brussels strategy also considers that it is possible to achieve large-scale decarbonisation. Each strategy focuses mainly on the management/rationalisation of transport demand, with an emphasis on digitisation, efficient spatial planning and a circular economy with shorter local value chains, thus reducing the need for freight transport. Furthermore, each of the regional strategies stresses the importance of modal shift as a cornerstone for achieving the climate ambitions set, with additional benefits in terms of air quality, mobility and the use of public space.", + "context": "8 La strat\u00e9gie wallonne parle de d\u00e9carbonation compl\u00e8te, la strat\u00e9gie flamande de z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission pour les transports et la strat\u00e9gie bruxelloise consid\u00e8re \u00e9galement qu il est possible de d\u00e9carboner largement les \u0017\u001a\u0004 \u0001\u0002\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\u0006\u0007\u0007\u0003 \u0003 \u000e\u000e\u000f\u0003\u0010\u0011 \u0003\u0012\u0013\u0003\u0004\u0004\u0006\u0007\u0006\u0007\u0007\u0003\u0014\u0007\u0007\u0002\u0015\u0007\u0016\u0017\u0007\u0018\u0007\u0007\u0004\u0019Chaque strat\u00e9gie se focalise principalement sur la gestion/rationalisation de la demande de transport, en mettant l accent sur la num\u00e9risation, l am\u00e9nagement efficace du territoire et une \u00e9conomie circulaire avec des cha\u00eenes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui r\u00e9duit le besoin de transport de marchandises. En outre, chacune des strat\u00e9gies r\u00e9gionales souligne l importance du transfert modal comme pierre angulaire pour atteindre les ambitions climatiques fix\u00e9es, avec des avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires en termes de qualit\u00e9 de l air, de mobilit\u00e9 et d occupation de l espace public.", "answer": { "text": "une \u00e9conomie circulaire avec des cha\u00eenes de valeur locales plus courtes, ce qui r\u00e9duit le besoin de transport de marchandises.", "answer_start": 61 @@ -18007,7 +19351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "eq Industrial 17) Sustainable production processes in the cement sector: Energy efficiency management and increased co-processing to reduce the emission intensity indicator per unit of production through the optimization of processes related to thermal energy, the exploitation of materials with energy valorization, the reuse of some components in the manufacture of the Clinker, and the use of the plant's installed capacity to increase the level of co-processing.", + "context": "0,60 Mt CO2 eq Industrial 17) Procesos de producci\u00f3n sostenible en el sector cemento: Gesti\u00f3n en eficiencia energ\u00e9tica e incremento del coprocesamiento para reducir el indicador de intensidad de emisiones por unidad productiva mediante la optimizaci\u00f3n de procesos relacionados con energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica, el aprovechamiento de materiales con valorizaci\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica, el re\u00faso de algunos componentes en la fabricaci\u00f3n del Clinker, y el uso de la capacidad instalada de la planta para elevar el nivel de coprocesamiento. Incremento del coprocesamiento (con residuos, materiales y subproductos) que permite la sustituci\u00f3n de demanda de energ\u00e9ticos f\u00f3siles en un 15% del valor total de consumo de las plantas.xlii 18) Gesti\u00f3n de proyectos para mejora de las operaciones log\u00edsticas y manejo de producto en centros de abastecimiento: Gesti\u00f3n de una l\u00ednea estrat\u00e9gica de log\u00edstica sostenible para el diagn\u00f3stico, asistencia t\u00e9cnica, identificaci\u00f3n y estructuraci\u00f3n de proyectos y posterior apoyo a la implementaci\u00f3n, para fomentar en las empresas el mejoramiento de operaciones log\u00edsticas y de procesos relacionados con el manejo de productos con impacto en productividad y en sostenibilidad ambiental Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (veh\u00edculos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimizaci\u00f3n de la log\u00edstica, con impacto en la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones y en la reducci\u00f3n de consumo de combustibles.", "answer": { "text": "Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (veh\u00edculos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimizaci\u00f3n de la log\u00edstica, con impacto en la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones y en la reducci\u00f3n de consumo de combustibles", "answer_start": 172 @@ -18023,7 +19367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Increase of coprocessing (with waste, materials and by-products) that allows the substitution of demand for fossil energy in 15% of the total value of plant consumption.xlii 18) Project management to improve logistics operations and product management in supply centres: Management of a strategic line of sustainable logistics for diagnosis, technical assistance, identification and structuring of projects and subsequent implementation support, to encourage companies to improve logistics operations and processes related to product management with an impact on productivity and environmental sustainability Reduce the activity of cargo transport (light vehicles) through logistics optimization strategies, with an impact on emissions reduction and fuel consumption reduction.", + "context": "Incremento del coprocesamiento (con residuos, materiales y subproductos) que permite la sustituci\u00f3n de demanda de energ\u00e9ticos f\u00f3siles en un 15% del valor total de consumo de las plantas.xlii 18) Gesti\u00f3n de proyectos para mejora de las operaciones log\u00edsticas y manejo de producto en centros de abastecimiento: Gesti\u00f3n de una l\u00ednea estrat\u00e9gica de log\u00edstica sostenible para el diagn\u00f3stico, asistencia t\u00e9cnica, identificaci\u00f3n y estructuraci\u00f3n de proyectos y posterior apoyo a la implementaci\u00f3n, para fomentar en las empresas el mejoramiento de operaciones log\u00edsticas y de procesos relacionados con el manejo de productos con impacto en productividad y en sostenibilidad ambiental Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (veh\u00edculos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimizaci\u00f3n de la log\u00edstica, con impacto en la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones y en la reducci\u00f3n de consumo de combustibles. Por ejemplo: Reducci\u00f3n del consumo de combustibles de un 7% por optimizaci\u00f3n de carga/ruta.", "answer": { "text": "Reducir la actividad del transporte de carga (veh\u00edculos livianos) mediante estrategias de optimizaci\u00f3n de la log\u00edstica, con impacto en la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones y en la reducci\u00f3n de consumo de combustibles", "answer_start": 97 @@ -18039,7 +19383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Transport system not dependent on fossil fuels (mainly electricity), to ensure the complete mobility of the city, as well as of the goods needed for economic development a. The energy intensity of passenger carriage (MJ/pkm) will be halved in 2050 compared to 2015 due to modal shift and electrification. b. The energy consumption of the passenger carriage sector will increase by 40% in 2050 compared to 2015. c. Construction of public grid of urban and interurban electricity charging stations. In 2050 interurban corridors a. Adoption of new zero- and very low-emission technologies for freight trucks. b. The energy intensity of freight transport will be reduced between 30% and 45% in 2050 compared to 2015.", + "context": "Sistema de transporte no dependiente de combustibles f\u00f3siles (mayoritar- iamente el\u00e9ctrico), para asegurar la completa movilidad de los ciudada- nos, as\u00ed como de los bienes necesa- rios para el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico a. La intensidad energ\u00e9tica del transporte carretero de pasajeros (MJ/pkm) se redu- cir\u00eda a la mitad en 2050 comparado con 2015 por el cambio modal y la electrificaci\u00f3n. b. El consumo energ\u00e9tico del sector transporte carretero de pasajeros aumen- tar\u00e1 40 % en 2050respecto a 2015. c. Conformaci\u00f3n de red p\u00fablica de esta- ciones de carga el\u00e9ctrica urbana e interur- bana. En el 2050 los corredores interurbanos a. Adopci\u00f3n de nuevas tecnolog\u00edas de cero y muy bajas emisiones para camiones de carga. b. La intensidad energ\u00e9tica del trans- porte de carga se reducir\u00e1 entre el 30 % y 45 % en 2050, comparado con 2015.", "answer": { "text": "Adopci\u00f3n de nuevas tecnolog\u00edas de cero y muy bajas emisiones para camiones de carga", "answer_start": 99 @@ -18247,7 +19591,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the", + "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.", "answer": { "text": "Energy transition in heavy transport", "answer_start": 59 @@ -18311,7 +19655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "169 In particular the Cluster for Logistics: climate neutrality in 2050 68 / 97 carbon intensity such as rail and inland waterways and continue to strengthen multimodal freight transport, by enhancing and developing the multimodal terminal in Bettembourg/Dudelange and the three-modal port site in Mertert, and in a European context which will have to facilitate more efficient management and an increase in the capacity of rail and inland waterways; deploy the necessary refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels (electricity, hydrogen,...) in line with technological developments in heavy goods vehicles; etc.; take advantage of digitisation to increase the use of intelligent supply chain management systems; promote and develop programmes to encourage companies and the logistics sector to reduce their carbon footprint, for example the \"Lean & Green\" programme170; adapt charges and taxes to take into account", + "context": "169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensit\u00e9 de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer \u00e0 renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et d\u00e9veloppant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution technologique des v\u00e9hicules utilitaires lourds, d\u00e9ployer l\u2019infrastructure de ravitaillement n\u00e9cessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, hydrog\u00e8ne, \u2026) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer": { "text": "promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb", "answer_start": 117 @@ -18327,7 +19671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At the European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity.", + "context": "; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer": { "text": "promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb", "answer_start": 19 @@ -18343,7 +19687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Mobility (territorial and urban planning, reduction of fuel price differentials with neighbouring countries) 1. Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility (national mobility plan, dedicated cycle paths, attractiveness of public transport, trans-European rail network with appropriate connection) 2. Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles (vehicle fleet electrification, refuelling infrastructure) 3. Decarbonisation of freight transport and the logistics sector (logistics sector decarbonisation strategy) 4. Air and maritime sector (European and global solutions, emissions trading schemes) 4. Economy (industry decarbonisation strategy, EU emissions trading scheme, energy efficiency, electrification, hydrogen) 1. Circular economy (Luxembourg Circular Economy Strategy, \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy) 2.", + "context": "Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active (plan national de mobilit\u00e9, pistes cyclables d\u00e9di\u00e9es, attractivit\u00e9 des transports publics, r\u00e9seau ferroviaire transeurop\u00e9en avec connexion appropri\u00e9e) 2. D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions (\u00e9lectrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. D\u00e9carbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur a\u00e9rien et maritime (solutions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne et mondiale, syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission) 4. Economie (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019industrie, syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019UE, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e9lectrification, hydrog\u00e8ne) 1. Economie circulaire (strat\u00e9gie pour une \u00e9conomie circulaire Luxembourg, strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb) 2.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9carbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation du secteur logistique)", "answer_start": 62 @@ -18407,7 +19751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf", - "context": "- Development and promotion of a market of Energy Management Companies (ESCOs). - Energy Efficiency Program - Optimization of Electric Generation and Energy Efficiency (OGE&EE) - Reduction of associated gas fire in anchorage - Use of gas associated with oil for the generation of electricity and production of LPG. (Program Expansion). Renewable Energy - Block of Non-conventional Renewable Projects. - Geothermal Energy. - Hydropower: Santiago I, II NAMA of freight and passenger transport - Actions to reduce GHG emissions in freight transport. - Actions to reduce GHG emissions in passenger transport in Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca. - Energy Efficiency in the Hydrocarbons Sector - Engine Replacement of the Transecuatorian Oil Pipeline System (SOTE). - Combined Cycle", + "context": "- Desarrollo y promoci\u00f3n de un mercado de Empresas de Gesti\u00f3n de la Energ\u00eda (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energ\u00e9tica - Optimizaci\u00f3n de Generaci\u00f3n El\u00e9ctrica y Eficiencia Energ\u00e9tica (OGE&EE) - Reducci\u00f3n de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilizaci\u00f3n del gas asociado al petr\u00f3leo para la generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica y producci\u00f3n de GLP. (Ampliaci\u00f3n del Programa). Energ\u00edas Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energ\u00eda Geotermia. - Hidroenerg\u00eda: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refiner\u00eda.", "answer": { "text": "Acciones de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga.", "answer_start": 84 @@ -18471,7 +19815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20150717_Japan%27s%20INDC.pdf", - "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly", + "context": "Residential sector 122 201 (180) \uf09f Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing \uf09f Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater) \uf09f Introduction of high-efficient light \uf09f Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc.\uf09f Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters \uf09f Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor) \uf09f Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240) \uf09f Improvement of fuel efficiency \uf09f Promotion of next-generation automobiles \uf09f Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing) \uf09f Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures \uf09f Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Optimization of truck transport", "answer_start": 172 @@ -18567,7 +19911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Viet%20Nam_NDC_2020_Eng.pdf", - "context": "Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in", + "context": "Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.", "answer": { "text": "Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market;", "answer_start": 91 @@ -18615,7 +19959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "M5.3 To accelerate the penetration of low global warming potential refrigerants in different sectors including: air conditioning, refrigeration, and foaming agents. This will be accompanied by the reduction of leaks, HFCs management and adequate disposal. M5.4 To strengthen best practice programs for refrigeration, recovery and final disposal of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). M5.5 To strengthen regulation and programs for preventing and controlling forest fires, prescribed fires, and slash and burn practices. M5.6 To implement sustainable resource recovery programs for forest biomass and agriculture waste. M5.7 To implement clean transportation systems in freight corridors. M5.8 To encourage the implementation of emission re", + "context": "M5.3 To accelerate the penetration of low global warming potential refrigerants in different sectors including: air conditioning, refrigeration, and foaming agents. This will be accompanied by the reduction of leaks, HFCs management and adequate disposal. M5.4 To strengthen best practice programs for refrigeration, recovery and final disposal of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). M5.5 To strengthen regulation and programs for preventing and controlling forest fires, prescribed fires, and slash and burn practices. M5.6 To implement sustainable resource recovery programs for forest biomass and agriculture waste. M5.7 To implement clean transportation systems in freight corridors. M5.8 To encourage the implementation of emission reduction and operational efficiency programs focused on operational, administrative, technological, and financial characteristics within the freight sector.", "answer": { "text": "To implement clean transportation systems in freight corridors", "answer_start": 88 @@ -18647,7 +19991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2020-02-19_lts_be_fr.pdf", - "context": "Finally, the Walloon and Flemish strategies recognise the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation and maritime transport, in particular by using climate-friendly alternative fuels. Among other things, the federal level will ensure an efficient rail network with sufficient interconnections with neighbouring countries to allow an increase in the share of rail in the transport of people and goods. Furthermore, it can support the transition to alternative modes of transport and zero-emission vehicles, thanks to its expertise in taxation and product standardisation.", + "context": "Enfin, les strat\u00e9gies wallonne et flamande reconnaissent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre provenant de l aviation et du transport maritime internationaux, notamment par des carburants alternatifs respectueux du climat. Le niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assurera, entre autres, un r\u00e9seau ferroviaire performant disposant d\u2019interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises. En outre il peut soutenir, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de normalisation des produits, la transition vers des modes de transport alternatifs et vers des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 \u00e9missions nulles.", "answer": { "text": "Le niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assurera, entre autres, un r\u00e9seau ferroviaire performant disposant d\u2019interconnexions suffisantes avec les pays voisins afin de permettre une augmentation de la part du rail dans le transport de personnes et de marchandises.", "answer_start": 36 @@ -18663,7 +20007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "0.13 Mt CO2 eq Transport 24) NAMA Development Oriented to Transport (DOT): Consolidation and conservation of dense cities, with mixtures in land uses, high circulation of pedestrians and cyclists, full coverage of collective or mass public transport services and with a strong cemented social fabric in the vicinity, the notion of neighbourhood and accessibility to urban goods and services at a human scale and speed.", + "context": "0,13 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 24) NAMA Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte (DOT): Consolidaci\u00f3n y conservaci\u00f3n de ciudades densas, con mezclas en usos del suelo, alta circulaci\u00f3n de peatones y ciclistas, cobertura plena de servicios de transporte p\u00fablico colectivo o masivo y con un fuerte tejido social cimentado en la cercan\u00eda, la noci\u00f3n de vecindad y la accesibilidad a bienes y servicios urbanos a escala y velocidad humana. Meta ajustada para cada ciudad: Pasto, Manizales, Cali, Bogot\u00e1 0,16 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 25) Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del corredor f\u00e9rreo La Dorada - Chiriguan\u00e1 - Santa Marta: rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones t\u00e9cnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.", "answer": { "text": "Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del corredor f\u00e9rreo La Dorada - Chiriguan\u00e1 - Santa Marta: rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones t\u00e9cnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.", "answer_start": 82 @@ -18679,7 +20023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "In addition, the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (MOEDS) has developed a plan for the rehabilitation of the La Dorada - Chiriguan\u00e1 - Santa Marta railway corridor in order to improve its technical, operational, commercial viability and environmental and social sustainability.", + "context": "Meta ajustada para cada ciudad: Pasto, Manizales, Cali, Bogot\u00e1 0,16 Mt CO2 eq Transporte 25) Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del corredor f\u00e9rreo La Dorada - Chiriguan\u00e1 - Santa Marta: rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones t\u00e9cnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social. Transporte de 4,2 millones de toneladas de carga al a\u00f1o 0,11 Mt CO2 eq Transporte Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible 26) Restauraci\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica: Iniciativa para la masificaci\u00f3n de la restauraci\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica, que busca comenzar o acelerar procesos de restablecimiento de un \u00e1rea de ecosistema boscoso degradada, da\u00f1ada o destruida con relaci\u00f3n a su funci\u00f3n, estructura y composici\u00f3n, en l\u00ednea con el Plan Nacional de Restauraci\u00f3n. Restauraci\u00f3n de 962.615 hect\u00e1reas (2015-2030).", "answer": { "text": "Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del corredor f\u00e9rreo La Dorada - Chiriguan\u00e1 - Santa Marta: rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la infraestructura existente para mejorar sus condiciones t\u00e9cnicas, operacionales, de viabilidad comercial y sostenibilidad ambiental y social.", "answer_start": 15 @@ -18759,7 +20103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "avoid waste innovative methods for waste collection and transport (e.g. electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g.", + "context": "Sector Innovative technologies and solutions Energy renewable energy: bioenergy, geothermic energy (mainly for heat generation) waste to energy decarbonized hydrogen and synthetic fuel nuclear energy innovation innovative and clean power plant technologies digitalization technologies and solutions / smart grid, smart measurement and demand side response (DSR), digital power plant and network operation energy storage technologies (seasonal energy storage, P2G solutions) efficient and green district heating systems fuel cell solutions allowing hydrogen and natural gas blending CCUS energy efficiency Water management technologies for efficient water supply modern water resource management technologies smart water supply systems digitalization, monitoring systems artificial intelligence bio-, nano- and photo technology precision irrigation systems efficient water cleaning technologies Waste management Focused on establishing a circular economy: introduction of innovative production processes that apply less material and mainly use recycled raw material in order to avoid waste innovative methods for waste collection and transport (e.g. electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "innovative pavement technologies", "answer_start": 291 @@ -18775,7 +20119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_1_Hungary_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g. electrochromic glass, thermochromic glass) innovative (also clean and efficient) heating", + "context": "electric waste-collecting vehicles, line optimization); innovative and green product planning that manufactures long-life, easily reparable products that can be better reused and recycled after becoming waste promoting waste recycling with establishing smart ecological systems (better harmonization of material and energy flows so that the waste generated by one production phase can become input for another) environmentally friendly management of non-recoverable waste (besides pyrolysis and gasification, plasma technology could be a new solution) Wastewater management Innovative wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly utilization options of sewage sludge improvement of wastewater cleaning and treatment technologies technologies promoting recycling product manufacturing and energy generation from sewage sludge innovation of remediation technologies Transport e-mobility (electric vehicles, e-charging, smart charging) hydrogen, fuel cell, hydrogen fueling stations second-generation (advanced) biofuels fuel efficiency technologies and solutions that make the operation of public transport systems more efficient new composite material for vehicle manufacturing innovative pavement technologies Industry alternative energy use and raw materials (innovative building, insulation and covering materials) utilization of industrial process heat material and process efficiency energy efficiency CCUS digitalization Building sector innovative material technology (building material, insulation and covering material) and material efficiency glass technology (e.g. electrochromic glass, thermochromic glass) innovative (also clean and efficient) heating and cooling solutions (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "innovative pavement technologies", "answer_start": 144 @@ -18871,7 +20215,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "It should be noted that, since 1 March 2020, public transport (train, tram, bus) has been free of charge throughout the territory of Luxembourg. Extensive investment programmes in rail transport, exceeding EUR 4.5 billion and being among the most ambitious in relative terms in Europe, are being implemented. EUR 4 billion committed for the period 2013 to 2025 is invested in the extension and modernisation of infrastructure (new lines, additional tracks, additional docks, etc.) and the purchase of rolling stock, thereby increasing the capacity of the rail network. This programme also contributes to the financing of infrastructure or operational projects in the neighbouring territories to improve cross-border mobility for the benefit of many border workers.", + "context": "A relever que, depuis le 1er mars 2020, les transports publics (train, tram, bus) sont gratuits sur tout le territoire du Luxembourg. De vastes programmes d\u2019investissement dans le transport ferroviaire, d\u00e9passant les 4,5 milliards d\u2019euros et comptant en termes relatifs parmi les plus ambitieux en Europe, sont en cours d\u2019ex\u00e9cution. 4 milliards d\u2019euros engag\u00e9s pour la p\u00e9riode de 2013 \u00e0 2025 sont investis dans l\u2019extension et la modernisation des infrastructures (nouvelles lignes, voies suppl\u00e9mentaires, quais additionnels, etc.) et l\u2019achat de mat\u00e9riel roulant, augmentant ainsi la capacit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ferroviaire. Ce programme contribue \u00e9galement au financement de projets d\u2019infrastructures ou d\u2019exploitation sur les territoires limitrophes pour am\u00e9liorer la mobilit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re en faveur des nombreux travailleurs frontaliers.", "answer": { "text": "4 milliards d\u2019euros engag\u00e9s pour la p\u00e9riode de 2013 \u00e0 2025 sont investis dans l\u2019extension et la modernisation des infrastructures (nouvelles lignes, voies suppl\u00e9mentaires, quais additionnels, etc.) et l\u2019achat de mat\u00e9riel roulant, augmentant ainsi la capacit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ferroviaire.", "answer_start": 50 @@ -18887,7 +20231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies to improve performance, increase the use of vehicles (intermodality, taxis, VTCs, carpooling, self-sharing), and the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline price policy); and the taking into account of household budgetary constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Les deux suivantes portent plut\u00f4t sur les impacts des strat\u00e9gies de transports bas carbone, d\u2019une part sur les enjeux et fili\u00e8res industrielles, et d\u2019autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des m\u00e9nages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement.", "answer": { "text": "Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux", "answer_start": 55 @@ -18903,7 +20247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies for improving performance, increasing vehicle use (intermodality, taxis, VTC, carpooling, self-sharing), the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline pricing policy); and the taking into account of household budget constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales.", "answer": { "text": "Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux", "answer_start": 20 @@ -18919,7 +20263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "With regard to urban transport infrastructure, an obligatory crossing point seems to lie in enhanced cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Transport and local authorities. The strategy for deploying BHNS and tramways is also essential: to be attractive, public transport must be comfortable and safe. For long-distance transport, the rail network must ensure the development of TGVs, intercity trains and freight. For equipment performance, the short-term priority is to improve the performance of vehicles placed on the market by regulation. But in the medium term, a strategy for electrification of all types of vehicles must be developed: scooters, cars, light commercial vehicles and buses.", + "context": "En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales. La strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9ploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour \u00eatre attractifs, les transports en commun doivent \u00eatre confortables et s\u00fbrs. Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret. Pour les performances des \u00e9quipements, la priorit\u00e9 de court terme est celle de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances des v\u00e9hicules mis sur le march\u00e9 par la r\u00e9glementation. Mais \u00e0 moyen terme, il convient d\u2019\u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019\u00e9lectrification de tous les types de v\u00e9hicules : scooters, automobiles, v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers, bus.", "answer": { "text": "Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret", "answer_start": 55 @@ -19031,7 +20375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Energy efficiency measures and changes in mobility patterns and needs. \u25b6 The modal shift from individually more polluting and energy-consuming modes of transport to collectives, other more respectful individual modes such as bicycles or electric vehicles, and walking will continue to be encouraged. \u25b6 Electrification will continue to be a key technology in the road sector for light vehicles. \u25b6 Renewable fuels will be particularly important for heavy goods transport by road, aviation and shipping. \u25b6 Renewable gases and sector coupling can provide important benefits such as renewable hydrogen, an important energy vector to contribute to decarbonisation.", + "context": "\u25b6 Las medidas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y cambios en los modelos y necesidades de movilidad. Se continuar\u00e1 fomentando el cambio modal de los medios de transporte individuales m\u00e1s contaminantes y consumidores de energ\u00eda hacia los colectivos, otros individuales m\u00e1s respetuosos, como la bicicleta o los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, y la movilidad a pie. \u25b6 La electrificaci\u00f3n continuar\u00e1 siendo una tecnolog\u00eda clave en el sector por carretera para veh\u00edculos ligeros. \u25b6 Los combustibles renovables ser\u00e1n especialmente importantes para el transporte pesado de mercanc\u00edas por carretera, la aviaci\u00f3n y la navegaci\u00f3n. \u25b6 Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidr\u00f3geno renovable, importante vector energ\u00e9tico para contribuir a la descarbonizaci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Las medidas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y cambios en los modelos y necesidades de movilidad. Se continuar\u00e1 fomentando el cambio modal de los medios de transporte individuales m\u00e1s contaminantes y consumidores de energ\u00eda hacia los colectivos, otros individuales m\u00e1s respetuosos, como la bicicleta o los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, y la movilidad a pie.", "answer_start": 1 @@ -19063,7 +20407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)", "answer_start": 51 @@ -19079,7 +20423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety", "answer_start": 83 @@ -19095,7 +20439,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety", "answer_start": 22 @@ -19127,7 +20471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway", "answer_start": 226 @@ -19159,7 +20503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional", + "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.", "answer": { "text": "Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway", "answer_start": 138 @@ -19175,7 +20519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional", + "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.", "answer": { "text": "Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway", "answer_start": 111 @@ -19191,7 +20535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Project for the construction of 3 solar photovoltaic power plants with a cumulative capacity of 300 MWc, of which 150 MWc in a first phase (Kaya 1 and Koup\u00e9la 2). Project for the deployment of fifty thousand (50 000) Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) type solar kits (60 Wc) for the benefit of households in Burkina Faso. Project for the construction of a biomass-waste thermal power plant of 10 MW in Ouagadougou.v Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Transport Unconditional Project to support the modernisation of the transport sector (PAMOSET-FC) component \" Implementation of a system for the permanent renewal of the park\". Project for the completion of the railway interconnection Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditional Project for the rehabilitation of the railway line Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te", + "context": "Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovolta\u00efques \u00e0 vocation r\u00e9gionale d\u2019une puissance cumul\u00e9e de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une premi\u00e8re phase (Kaya 1 et Koup\u00e9la 2). Projet de d\u00e9ploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des m\u00e9nages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d\u2019une centrale thermique \u00e0 biomasse- d\u00e9chets de 10 MW \u00e0 Ouagadougou.v Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui \u00e0 la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante \" Mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de renouvellement p\u00e9renne du parc\". Projet de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya.", "answer_start": 107 @@ -19207,7 +20551,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical", + "context": "Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.", "answer": { "text": "Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation", "answer_start": 18 @@ -19223,7 +20567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s", + "context": "innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).", "answer": { "text": "Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation", "answer_start": 4 @@ -19255,7 +20599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer", + "context": "31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No. Mitigation action Sector Ministry Government priority GHG mitigation potential Baseline and targets Co-benefits(adaptation, environmental, social) Finance costs (USD) Finance benefits Technology availability Gender Conditional/ Unconditional Youth Private sector SDGs 35 Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA 10 provinces Reduce of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvement USD 2.6 million Reduce production cost and pollution from chemical fertilizer, sustainable land management Composting, bio-digester, manure management Encourage the participation of women 36 Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by- products technology to support cattle production Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 1year/1ha/province Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals\u2019 production and household income; USD 625,000 Reduce cost of feed and medicine input fodder manual is available Women participation were encouraged to take care it 37 Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) NSDP 2019-2023; ASDP Planning Framework for NA 25 provinces and cities Increase GAHP \u201cGood Animals Health Practice\u201d enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household USD 21.25 million reduce environment pollution from Farms and slaughterhouses and household Compost technology is available Women participation were encouraged 38 Seedlings distribute to public and local community Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) indicators, JMI (2020), National arbor day seedling Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Long term USD 1 /seedling; medium plan USD 0.5/seedling ; Fast growing USD 0,3/ per seedling Revenue is referred to social, environmental and promoted people livelihood Simple guide for tree plantation, Nursery management Women participation were encouraged management of forest conservation areas, such as protected areas and flooded and mangrove conservation areas - Promote forest land tenure security through forest land classification, zoning, demarcation, and registration 2.", "answer": { "text": "Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation", "answer_start": 17 @@ -19479,7 +20823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030:", + "context": "Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).", "answer": { "text": "invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d", "answer_start": 36 @@ -19495,7 +20839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government", + "context": "The measure includes: \u2022 implement raising awareness campaigns \u2022 invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d \u2022 increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 JSC Macedonian Railway Transport \u2022 End-users \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Some of these have already been received and put into use \u2022 Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "invest in stations and improve the \u201caccess to the stations\u201d", "answer_start": 9 @@ -19511,7 +20855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "They will enable: - A comprehensive and sustainable improvement in the conditions for the movement of people; - A better contribution of the sub-sector to the growth and productivity of the national economy; - A significant reduction in pollution and its negative impact on economic growth; - A diversification of modes of transport with the use of rail and sea transport. CDN/CDN+ Strategic Actions - Diversification of sustainable public transport (Bus Rapide Transit, Regional Train Express) - Promotion of hybrid cars Waste Sector Sector Context The waste sector is cross-cutting and in line with the PES.", + "context": "Elles permettront : - Une am\u00e9lioration globale et durable des conditions de d\u00e9placement des populations ; - Une meilleure contribution du sous-secteur \u00e0 la croissance et \u00e0 la productivit\u00e9 de l \u00e9conomie nationale ; - Une baisse sensible de la pollution et de l impact n\u00e9gatif de celle-ci sur la croissance \u00e9conomique ; - Une diversification des modes de transport avec le recours au transport ferroviaire et maritime. Actions strat\u00e9giques de la CDN/CDN+ - D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des d\u00e9chets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des d\u00e9chets est transversal et en ad\u00e9quation avec le PSE.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional)", "answer_start": 74 @@ -19527,7 +20871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "CND/CDN+ Strategic Actions - Expansion of Sustainable Public Transit (Bus Rapide Transit, Regional Train Express) - Promotion of Hybrid Cars Waste Sector Sector Context The waste sector is cross-cutting and in line with the PES. The government has made tremendous efforts that have resulted in: (1) reorganization of the sector, through the development of appropriate regulations, (2) implementation of the National Solid Waste Management Program, (3) implementation of solid and liquid waste management infrastructure, and (4) adoption of an awareness, training and capacity building program.", + "context": "Actions strat\u00e9giques de la CDN/CDN+ - D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des d\u00e9chets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des d\u00e9chets est transversal et en ad\u00e9quation avec le PSE. Le gouvernement a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9normes efforts qui ont abouti \u00e0 : (1) la r\u00e9organisation du secteur, \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u00e9laboration de texte r\u00e8glementaires ad\u00e9quats, (2) la mise en \u0153uvre du Programme National de Gestion des D\u00e9chets solides, (3) la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019infrastructures de gestion des d\u00e9chets solides et liquides, et (4) l\u2019adoption d\u2019un programme de sensibilisation, de formation et de renforcement de capacit\u00e9.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional)", "answer_start": 6 @@ -19815,7 +21159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", + "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Upgrading and modernization of rail services", "answer_start": 177 @@ -19831,7 +21175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).", "answer": { "text": "Upgrading and modernization of rail services", "answer_start": 77 @@ -19847,7 +21191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.", "answer": { "text": "Upgrading and modernization of rail services", "answer_start": 77 @@ -19863,7 +21207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/benin_long-term_strategy.pdf", - "context": "This energy sector is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Energy, Water and Mines, which provides technical supervision of the sector, defines the country\u2019s energy policy, coordinates and monitors all activities in the sector. With a view to solving the various problems in the sector, a number of strategy documents have been prepared. The strategic development options selected in the Strategic Development Plan for the energy sector are as follows: - Increasing production capacities, means of transport and distribution of electricity and promoting rural electrification; and - Development of the renewable energy and biofuels sub-sector.", + "context": "Ce secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est plac\u00e9 sous la responsabilit\u00e9 du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9nergie de l Eau et des Mines assure la tutelle technique du secteur, d\u00e9finit la politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du pays, coordonne et assure le suivi de l ensemble des activit\u00e9s du secteur. Dans la perspective de r\u00e9soudre les diff\u00e9rents probl\u00e8mes pos\u00e9s dans le secteur, plusieurs documents de strat\u00e9gie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9s. Les options strat\u00e9giques de d\u00e9veloppement retenues dans le Plan de d\u00e9veloppement strat\u00e9gique du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie sont les suivants : - L\u2019accroissement des capacit\u00e9s de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et la promotion de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ; et - Le d\u00e9veloppement du sous-secteur des \u00e9nergies renouvelables ainsi que celui des biocarburants.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019accroissement des capacit\u00e9s de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et la promotion de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ;", "answer_start": 82 @@ -19879,7 +21223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/benin_long-term_strategy.pdf", - "context": "The strategic development options identified in the Strategic Development Plan for the Energy Sector are as follows: - Increasing the production capacity, transmission and distribution of electricity and promoting rural electrification; and - Development of the renewable energy and biofuels sub-sector. A review of the prospects set out in the Strategic Development Plan for the Energy Sector shows that the electricity mix in 2025 will comprise for a demand of 724 MW: 24% hydroelectricity; 34% thermal generation, 15% biomass, 0.23% solar, 4% wind and 23% imports. 3.2.2.", + "context": "Les options strat\u00e9giques de d\u00e9veloppement retenues dans le Plan de d\u00e9veloppement strat\u00e9gique du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie sont les suivants : - L\u2019accroissement des capacit\u00e9s de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et la promotion de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ; et - Le d\u00e9veloppement du sous-secteur des \u00e9nergies renouvelables ainsi que celui des biocarburants. L\u2019examen des perspectives pr\u00e9vues dans le Plan de d\u00e9veloppement strat\u00e9gique du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie montre que le mix \u00e9lectrique en 2025 comportera pour une demande de 724 MW: 24 % d\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ; 34% de production thermique, 15% de biomasse, 0,23% de solaire, 4% d\u2019\u00e9olienne et 23% d\u2019importations. 3.2.2.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019accroissement des capacit\u00e9s de production, des moyens de transport et de distribution de l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et la promotion de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ;", "answer_start": 21 @@ -19895,7 +21239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) are implemented in various economic sectors. carbon sinks. Sustainable forest management stops deforestation Sustainable management practices in extractive, agricultural and livestock and forestry sectors increase productivity, reduce vulnerability and conserves land. are climate resilient. Private sector The climate concern is considered in production planning Industry reports GHG emissions in the National Emissions Registry. Companies reduce their gas and compound emissions, and take advantage of opportunities in energy efficiency, power saving, and use of clean and renewable energy. Companies adopt advance waste- management practices Production and sustainable consumption schemes are implemented. Companies have sustainable production cycles. Mobility Both public and private sectors adopt sustainable mobility systems. Socioeconomic schemes encourage the use of sustainable transportation. Common", + "context": "NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) are implemented in various economic sectors. carbon sinks. Sustainable forest management stops deforestation Sustainable management practices in extractive, agricultural and livestock and forestry sectors increase productivity, reduce vulnerability and conserves land. are climate resilient. Private sector The climate concern is considered in production planning Industry reports GHG emissions in the National Emissions Registry. Companies reduce their gas and compound emissions, and take advantage of opportunities in energy efficiency, power saving, and use of clean and renewable energy. Companies adopt advance waste- management practices Production and sustainable consumption schemes are implemented. Companies have sustainable production cycles. Mobility Both public and private sectors adopt sustainable mobility systems. Socioeconomic schemes encourage the use of sustainable transportation. Common use of electric vehicles in public transportation. Freight transportation is multimodal, efficient and low emissions Cargo transportation is multimodal, efficient, and low- emission.", "answer": { "text": "Both public and private sectors adopt sustainable mobility systems.", "answer_start": 101 @@ -19911,7 +21255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Freight transportation is multimodal, efficient and low emissions Cargo transportation is multimodal, efficient, and low- emission. Common use of trains and electric vehicles Table 1 Milestones of the Strategy for the next 10, 20 and 40 years Source: (SEMARNAT, 2013a)Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Cross-cutting policies Inter-institutional collaboration Climate change is identified as a crosscutting challenge because of the variety of stakeholders from the public and private sectors that interact, make decisions, and ultimately drive climate change mitigation and adaptation in the country. The country envisioned by the Strategy considers that society sectors such as non-governmental organizations or interest-based groups, together with private sector and the institutions and organizations from three levels of government play a role. Thus, the fight against", + "context": "Freight transportation is multimodal, efficient and low emissions Cargo transportation is multimodal, efficient, and low- emission. Common use of trains and electric vehicles Table 1 Milestones of the Strategy for the next 10, 20 and 40 years Source: (SEMARNAT, 2013a)Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Cross-cutting policies Inter-institutional collaboration Climate change is identified as a crosscutting challenge because of the variety of stakeholders from the public and private sectors that interact, make decisions, and ultimately drive climate change mitigation and adaptation in the country. The country envisioned by the Strategy considers that society sectors such as non-governmental organizations or interest-based groups, together with private sector and the institutions and organizations from three levels of government play a role. Thus, the fight against climate change implies and requires dialogue, information generation and dissemination, and decision-making.", "answer": { "text": "Common use of trains and electric vehicles", "answer_start": 16 @@ -19975,7 +21319,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Seychelles%20-%20NDC_Jul30th%202021%20_Final.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Building early warning systems that enable early action to reduce impacts of climate hazards on health and wellbeing \u2022 Ensuring that climate-related vulnerability assessments and actions take into account sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence risks and protective measures and are informed by disaggregated population data. \u2022 Ensuring that adaptation measures anticipate and meet the health and gender needs of those impacted, displaced and at risk of climate crises, including through humanitarian response and strengthening assistance/social protection programmes for women and vulnerable groups who have lost their livelihoods to climate-related disasters 7.3 Cost of implementation Mitigation Sectors Main action Cost / million USD Energy Energy Strategy 191.7 37.4MW solar PV for meeting demand of electric vehicles 70.48 30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030 66.70 Actions in RAC sector 0.80 Transport Develop electrical charging stations infrastructure $0.7236 Waste management Gas management and rehabilitation works $1.137 The costs for the implementation of key climate change adaptation actions are based on a mixture of costs derived from national sectoral strategies that have actions that contribute to addressing climate change impacts, as well as costs from on-going initiatives, and costs from projects with similar objectives funded by the Green Climate", + "context": "\u2022 Building early warning systems that enable early action to reduce impacts of climate hazards on health and wellbeing \u2022 Ensuring that climate-related vulnerability assessments and actions take into account sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence risks and protective measures and are informed by disaggregated population data. \u2022 Ensuring that adaptation measures anticipate and meet the health and gender needs of those impacted, displaced and at risk of climate crises, including through humanitarian response and strengthening assistance/social protection programmes for women and vulnerable groups who have lost their livelihoods to climate-related disasters 7.3 Cost of implementation Mitigation Sectors Main action Cost / million USD Energy Energy Strategy 191.7 37.4MW solar PV for meeting demand of electric vehicles 70.48 30% of private vehicles are electric by 2030 66.70 Actions in RAC sector 0.80 Transport Develop electrical charging stations infrastructure $0.7236 Waste management Gas management and rehabilitation works $1.137 The costs for the implementation of key climate change adaptation actions are based on a mixture of costs derived from national sectoral strategies that have actions that contribute to addressing climate change impacts, as well as costs from on-going initiatives, and costs from projects with similar objectives funded by the Green Climate Funds.", "answer": { "text": "0.72", "answer_start": 140 @@ -20039,7 +21383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris", + "context": "Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment. Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro!", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 567 @@ -20055,7 +21399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris", + "context": "Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador n\u00e3o definido.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 330 @@ -20071,7 +21415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris", + "context": "Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador n\u00e3o definido. Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 330 @@ -20135,7 +21479,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table", + "context": "Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 \u2013 Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 \u2013 Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 54 @@ -20151,7 +21495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9", + "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 \u2013 Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 \u2013 Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 39 @@ -21079,7 +22423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) \u2013 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line", + "context": "In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) \u2013 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 24 @@ -21143,7 +22487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Conditional contributions Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) \u2013 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets \u2013 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting \u2013 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In", + "context": "Conditional contributions Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) \u2013 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets \u2013 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting \u2013 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In this scenario, 4 additional measures were considered compared to the previous one.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 88 @@ -21399,7 +22743,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve", + "context": "Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 54 @@ -21415,7 +22759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number", + "context": "Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 13 @@ -21431,7 +22775,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on", + "context": "The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 56 @@ -21447,7 +22791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in", + "context": "Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 181 @@ -21671,7 +23015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration", + "context": "In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 64 @@ -21687,7 +23031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined", + "context": "Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 6 @@ -21831,7 +23175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy", + "context": "Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 79 @@ -21847,7 +23191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.", + "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2. The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW).", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 71 @@ -21879,7 +23223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry", + "context": "For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 47 @@ -21895,7 +23239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions", + "context": "For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario. For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 22 @@ -21991,7 +23335,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment.", + "context": "The Government of Angola appreciates the exceptional availability and commitment of all those identified below and who contributed to the update of this NDC. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 245 @@ -22007,7 +23351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment. Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office", + "context": "Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (MCTA) National Directorate of Culture and Arts National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP) National Directorate of Studies and Planning National Directorate for Economy, Competitiveness and Innovation Population Policy Office Cabinet for Public-Private Partnerships National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Energy and Water (MINEA) National Directorate of Electric Energy National Directorate of Rural and Local Electrification National Directorate for Renewable Energies National Directorate of Water National Institute of Water Resources Office for the Administration of the Cunene, Kubango and Cuvelai River Basins (GABHIC) Regulatory Institute for the Electricity and Water Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MINAGRIP) National Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Department of Food Security National Directorate of Forests Agrarian Land Management Office Agrarian Development Institute Forest Development Institute National Fisheries Research Institute Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MINDCOM) Industrial Licensing Office National Directorate of Industry Monitoring Department, Environment Promotion and Safety in Industry Industrial Development Institute of Angola Angolan Institute for Standardization and Quality National Directorate of Foreign TradeNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas (MIREMPET) National Directorate of Security, Emergencies and Environment. Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro!", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 221 @@ -22023,7 +23367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese)", + "context": "Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador n\u00e3o definido.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 300 @@ -22039,7 +23383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese)", + "context": "Department of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transports (MINTRANS) National Institute of Road Transport Angola Maritime and Port Institute National Institute of Civil Aviation National Institute of Railways of Angola Institute of Hydrography and Maritime Signaling of Angola National Council of Porters Ministry of Telecommunications, Information Technologies and Social Communication (MINTTICS) National Directorate of the Information and Meteorological Society Angolan Communications Institute National Centre for Information Technologies National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Telecommunications Institute Ministry of Interior (MININT) National Civil Protection and Fire Service Office of the Secretary of State for Civil Protection (Office of the Secretary of State for the Interior) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MIREX) Directorate for Multilateral Affairs Directorate for Legal Affairs, Treaties and Litigation Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Office of the Secretary of State for Cooperation SADC Office Minister of Public Works and Territory Planning (MINOPOT) National Directorate for Spatial Planning National Directorate of Urban Infrastructure National Directorate of Housing National Institute for Spatial Planning and Urban Development Geographical and Cadastral Institute of Angola National Institute of Public Works and Construction Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI) National Directorate of Graduated Training National Directorate of Advanced Training and Scientific Research National Directorate for Access, Vocational Guidance and Student Support National Directorate for Management and Training of Higher Education Staff Ministry of Finance (MINFIN) International Studies and Relations Office National Directorate of State Budget National Directorate of Public Investments Ministry of Health (MINSA) National Directorate of Public Health National Institute for Health Research National Institute of Medical Emergencies of Angola Center for Disease Prevention and Control Health Research Center of Angola Ministry of Education (MED) National Institute for Education Research and Development \u2013 INIDE United Nations Agencies United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Photos Eduardo GriloNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU Business-as-Usual Carbon dioxide e Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of Parties ENAC National Strategy for Climate Change 2020-2035 (acronym in Portuguese) GACMO Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model GEF Global Investment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential INC Initial National Communication iNDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry MCTA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment (acronym in Portuguese) MINEA Ministry of Energy and Water (acronym in Portuguese) MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (acronym in Portuguese) MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification MW Megawatts NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NDC Nationally Determined Contribution PA Paris Agreement SDG Sustainable Development Goals t Tonne UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollarNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . Erro! Indicador n\u00e3o definido. Acknowledges 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Table of Contents. 5 Figures . 7 Tables . 7 Executive summary 9 1.2.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 300 @@ -22103,7 +23447,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table", + "context": "Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 \u2013 Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 \u2013 Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 26 @@ -22119,7 +23463,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9", + "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Angola\u2019s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 \u2013 Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 \u2013 Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 \u2013 Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 \u2013 Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 \u2013 Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 \u2013 Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 \u2013 Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 \u2013 Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 11 @@ -24087,7 +25431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) \u2013 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line", + "context": "In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenario the country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 39,7 million tCO2 e in that year.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 11 \u2013 Unconditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 1,23% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (solar villages) \u2013 100 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 2,76 < 0,1% 13 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,98% 130 Waste Municipal Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 500 ton/day 2 068,39 13,13% 7 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 8 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 23 @@ -24167,7 +25511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Conditional contributions Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) \u2013 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets \u2013 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting \u2013 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In", + "context": "Conditional contributions Table 12 \u2013 Conditional Mitigation Contributions Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 104 MW 159,58 0,60% 156 Installation of small-scale solar panels (solar villages) \u2013 187 MW 258,25 0,97% 1 209 Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 2 MW 5,52 < 0,1% 26 Installation of small-scale solar panels (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets \u2013 2000 lamps 1,55 < 0,1% 3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 100 MW 154,71 0,58% 130 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 2000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting \u2013 2000 lamps 1,36 < 0,1% 2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 2000 buses 6,59 < 0,1% 3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 1 000 ton/day 4 136,78 15,58% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use 10 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Assumptions In this scenario, 4 additional measures were considered compared to the previous one.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 4 @@ -24583,7 +25927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve", + "context": "Finally, Angola needs to work towards a low-carbon WASH sector by improving water and energy efficiency and ensuring, where possible, the use of renewable energy for water and sanitation operations to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy generation from waste. Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 63 @@ -24599,7 +25943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number", + "context": "Several adaptation measures were identified and analyzed, being selected for Unconditional (Table 13) and Conditional Contribution (Table 14).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Unconditional contributions Table 13 - Adaptation Measures \u2013 Unconditional Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct studies on the impact of climate change on fishing productivity and coastal economies Acidification of the sea and fresh water; Rising water temperature and increased salinization Develop community and school gardens Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Apply the national collection of local seeds in programs to improve and create adapted local varieties Change / Loss of biodiversity 7,50 Coastal Zone Assess the defense capacity of existing protection structures in risk areas, including the analysis of the feasibility of new investments for the construction of protection structures against sea level rise Sea level rise 2,00 Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop forest fire prevention actions Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Improve the management of existing conservation areas and continue the process of creating new areas Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,80 Water Resources Develop characterization studies of hydrographic basins and groundwater Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric stations to improve monitoring of rainfall and watersheds Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Implement a water collection and storage system in drought-prone areas to ensure continuity of human supply and watering of livestock Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity 13 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 22 @@ -24615,7 +25959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on", + "context": "The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Unconditional Contributions Impact response Cost Human Health Improve existing wastewater collection and treatment systems and build new systems in underserved areas focusing on urban areas with a high concentration of population Health risks and disease transmission 13,82 Infrastructures Map human settlements at risk of flooding and erosion. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 17 @@ -24631,7 +25975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas.", + "context": "Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Conditional contributions Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Agriculture and Fisheries Conduct a study on the impact of changing the geographical distribution of animal diseases (infectious and parasitic) and the availability of water on the country s animal production levels Health risks and disease transmission 7,50 Replicate the project \u201cPromotion of sustainable charcoal in Angola through a Value Chain Approach\u201d in the Luanda-U\u00edge corridor Change / Loss of biodiversity 17,88 Coastal Zone Reinforce inspection in order to condition the occupation of territory located in areas at high risk of flooding coastal areas Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Develop models to analyze the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems based on national and regional climate change scenarios Change / Loss of biodiversity 5,10 Actions to preserve forest perimeters in Huambo province, in line with the Government s efforts to elevate the province to the ecological capital of Angola Change / Loss of biodiversity 3,00 14 The budget figures presented correspond to estimates based on a benchmark exercise with similar actions developed in comparable countries. The implementation of the measures presented requires the determination of a real budget.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Conditional Contributions Impact response Cost Water Resources Create water drainage systems in high-risk areas.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 219 @@ -24743,7 +26087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "It is also proposed to establish two Committees, the Executive Committee and the Technical Committee in order to guarantee a more operational character and greater efficiency in the Commission s results, particularly with regard to the articulation between the different sectors. The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate", + "context": "It is also proposed to establish two Committees, the Executive Committee and the Technical Committee in order to guarantee a more operational character and greater efficiency in the Commission s results, particularly with regard to the articulation between the different sectors. The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate the integration of climate change policies in the various sectors of the economy and at the provincial level; Prepare an opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Prepare a recommendation opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Develop guidelines for planning and preparing NDC progress assessment reports; Promote public discussion on climate change; Establish an NDC monitoring secretariat.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 62 @@ -24759,7 +26103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate the integration of climate change policies in the various sectors of the economy and at the provincial level; Prepare an opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Prepare a recommendation", + "context": "The proposed redefinition of the National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity is presented in Table 15.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition Assignments (proposed new assignments) Concert the Initiatives and harmonize policies for the implementation of the national strategy on climate change and the strategy for the preservation of biodiversity; Create the necessary conditions for the execution and implementation of NDC; Coordinate and articulate the different sectors in the implementation of the Initiatives defined in this NDC; Create a national investment plan that integrates the mitigation and adaptation initiatives foreseen in NDC, articulated with the future Angolan Fund for Climate Change (PAAC); Create centers of excellence to carry out studies of disasters and systematic observations and observation of the climate; Formulate proposals on national mitigation and adaptation policies for climate change; Identify legislative needs on the matter; Coordinate the integration of climate change policies in the various sectors of the economy and at the provincial level; Prepare an opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Prepare a recommendation opinion on climate policy documents developed by the Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment for submission to UNFCCC; Develop guidelines for planning and preparing NDC progress assessment reports; Promote public discussion on climate change; Establish an NDC monitoring secretariat. Composition Executive Committee, composed of the Minister of the relevant Ministerial Departments, to meet at least quarterly.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 21 @@ -24887,7 +26231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "The National Strategy for Climate Change identifies capacity needs to succeed the targets of each mitigation and adaptation measure. Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change", + "context": "The National Strategy for Climate Change identifies capacity needs to succeed the targets of each mitigation and adaptation measure. Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change education in schools and university, as education is an essential component and a facilitator for responding to global climate change.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 164 @@ -24903,7 +26247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change education in schools and university, as education is an essential component and a facilitator for responding to global climate", + "context": "Specific national needs related to mitigation and adaptation to climate change include: Better knowledge on new and more efficient technologies among the different sectors and public and private entities Increase qualified human resources for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions Build national capacity for the development of low carbon technologies Expand knowledge and access to financing mechanisms by public and private entities Create a robust national data collection system In this context, the Government of Angola plans to: Promote information sessions for private investors on the regulation of renewables in the country Awareness raising and communication campaigns about: o renewable energy and energy efficiency o good maintenance of own vehicles o use of public transportation o waste management: waste collection, recycling, circular economy o health impacts of climate change Strengthen the climate modelling capacity of agricultural production systemsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Create early warning systems in order to support communities and reinforce contingency and emergency plans Besides that, there are other two thematic areas where the government intends to act, which are institutional and climate change education in schools and university, as education is an essential component and a facilitator for responding to global climate change. Angola\u2019s goals related to capacity building training and education are presented in the table below.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 145 @@ -25463,7 +26807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration", + "context": "In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 27 @@ -25479,7 +26823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.", + "context": "Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 203 @@ -25607,7 +26951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Gaps and Barriers Angola faces several barriers in addressing climate change issues, mainly related to: \u2022 Absence or unavailability of basic scientific information, with appropriate details (spatial and/or temporal); \u2022 Absence or unavailability of diagnostic and characterization exercises that include the inclusion of modelling/projections, as well as their implementation in risk mapping and vulnerability analysis; \u2022 Disarticulation of the update and/or review processes; \u2022 Procedural delay and high costs associated with updating and/or reviewing processes; \u2022 Gaps in the level of technical knowledge in the entities responsible for preparing and approving projects, plans and programs; \u2022 Gaps in the processes of early involvement of key players and in the development of communication and public mobilization strategies aimed at the various social and economic agents, with consequent resistance to changing behaviors; \u2022 Budgetary constraints, leading to dilution of priorities over time; \u2022 Limited budgets from the State to create an enabling environment for resource mobilization to encourage private sector investment; \u2022 Lack of binding administrative tools that allow intervention in certain areas. Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets According to the Marrakesh Call for Climate Action, agreed at the Ministerial Dialogue of the SeventhNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020", + "context": "Gaps and Barriers Angola faces several barriers in addressing climate change issues, mainly related to: \u2022 Absence or unavailability of basic scientific information, with appropriate details (spatial and/or temporal); \u2022 Absence or unavailability of diagnostic and characterization exercises that include the inclusion of modelling/projections, as well as their implementation in risk mapping and vulnerability analysis; \u2022 Disarticulation of the update and/or review processes; \u2022 Procedural delay and high costs associated with updating and/or reviewing processes; \u2022 Gaps in the level of technical knowledge in the entities responsible for preparing and approving projects, plans and programs; \u2022 Gaps in the processes of early involvement of key players and in the development of communication and public mobilization strategies aimed at the various social and economic agents, with consequent resistance to changing behaviors; \u2022 Budgetary constraints, leading to dilution of priorities over time; \u2022 Limited budgets from the State to create an enabling environment for resource mobilization to encourage private sector investment; \u2022 Lack of binding administrative tools that allow intervention in certain areas. Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets According to the Marrakesh Call for Climate Action, agreed at the Ministerial Dialogue of the SeventhNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 African Forum of Carbon, in April 2015, Angola recognizes the experience gained from the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and want to be supported by market mechanisms with high environmental integrity, contributing to sustainable development and establishing strong incentives to harness the power of private sector.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 199 @@ -25783,7 +27127,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy", + "context": "Link: Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 ANNEX 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 5 @@ -25799,7 +27143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2.", + "context": "Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation General Population (million) GDP (million USD) GHG Emissions BAU GHG Emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Current GHG emissions e) Energy Waste AFOLU Industry TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures e) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Mitigation from NDC measures (% change from BAU) Unconditional Conditional TOTAL Finance Internal TOTAL External TOTALNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Unconditional Contributions e reduction potential % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 329 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 200 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 Installation of wind farms \u2013 203 MW 546,18 2,341% 263,9 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste\u2013 1000 ton/day 4 136,78 17,732% 8,1 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land UseNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Assumptions Biomass and hydroelectric values remained under the same assumptions as in the unconditional 2025 scenario, where for biomass the assumption is in ENAC (500 MW) and for hydroelectric the potential projects identified in the Angolan Renewable Energy Atlas are considered, in this case Cambambe 2. The mini-hydro has remained under the same assumption as conditional 2025 scenario (150 MW).", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 64 @@ -25831,7 +27175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry", + "context": "For solar energy, additionally to the Waku Kungo II and Lubango projects, considered in the unconditional 2025 scenario, it was also considered the Capanda project. For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 16 @@ -25847,7 +27191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Angola.pdf", - "context": "For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions", + "context": "For wind energy the projects of Quitobia and T\u00f4mbwa were considered.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Energy Renewable Energy Installation of large-scale solar power plants (PV) \u2013 419 MW 642,94 1,619% 628,5 Installation of small-scale solar panels (PV) (for example: solar villages) \u2013 187 MW Installation of small-scale solar panels in the industry \u2013 6 MW 8,29 < 0,1% 39 Solar PVs, small isolated grid, 100% solar to replace Diesel (NAMA Program) \u2013 15 MW Installation of solar lamps on the streets\u2013 4000 lamps 3,11 < 0,1% 6,3 Installation of wind farms \u2013 409 MW 632,75 1,593% 532 Energy Efficiency Installation of efficient LED lamps in public buildings \u2013 4000 lamps Installation of efficient LED lamps in public lighting - 4000 lamps 2,71 < 0,1% 3,2 Road Transport Natural gas buses \u2013 4000 buses 13,18 < 0,1% 6,3 Waste Waste Composting of municipal solid waste \u2013 2000 ton/day 8 273,56 20,831% 16,3 Agriculture, Forestry andNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Sector Area Conditional Contributions e reduction potential (kt/ano) % contribution for target Cost (Million USD) Other Land Use Assumptions Since the ambition is extremely high, we have increased the values of all measures except for reforestation and mini-hydro, where the values remain the same as the unconditional 2030 scenario. For biomass, hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants, potential projects were considered from projects identified in the Renewable Energy Atlas of Angola.", "answer": { "text": "2", "answer_start": 15 @@ -25927,7 +27271,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "570", "answer_start": 125 @@ -25943,7 +27287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "570", "answer_start": 104 @@ -25959,7 +27303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "570", "answer_start": 125 @@ -25975,7 +27319,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "570", "answer_start": 111 @@ -26007,7 +27351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional", + "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.", "answer": { "text": "1000", "answer_start": 127 @@ -26023,7 +27367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional", + "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.", "answer": { "text": "1000", "answer_start": 100 @@ -26039,7 +27383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional", + "context": "Energy Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 6. Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7.", "answer": { "text": "10000", "answer_start": 163 @@ -26055,7 +27399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional", + "context": "Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.", "answer": { "text": "10000", "answer_start": 136 @@ -26071,7 +27415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20ACTUALISEE%20DU%20TCHAD.pdf", - "context": "This CDN provides for the cumulative reduction of GHG emissions by 2030 to 88,350 kt CO2 eq (unconditional and conditional measures) with an overall mitigation target of 19.3% compared to the baseline scenario. The investment required to implement the CDN mitigation actions is estimated at USD 670.2 million. Thus, financing requirements to address the high level of climate risk expected in Chad could amount to more than USD 375 million as of 2021 (based on an estimate of 3% of gross domestic product) to reach an annual cost of USD 645 million by 2030. On this basis, projections for the period 2021-2030 could amount to more than USD 5,002 billion.", + "context": "La pr\u00e9sente CDN pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9duction cumul\u00e9e des \u00e9missions des GES d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 \u00e0 88 350 kt CO2 eq (mesures inconditionnelles et conditionnelles) avec un objectif d\u2019att\u00e9nuation global de 19,3 % par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. L\u2019investissement n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de la CDN est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 6 700,2 M USD. Ainsi, les besoins en financement pour r\u00e9pondre au niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 des risques climatiques attendus au Tchad pourraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 plus de 375 millions d\u2019USD d\u00e8s 2021 (soit sur la base d\u2019estimation de 3% du Produit int\u00e9rieur brut) pour atteindre le co\u00fbt annuel de 645 millions d\u2019USD \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030. Sur cette base, les projections pour la p\u00e9riode 2021-2030 pourraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 plus de 5 002 milliards d\u2019USD.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019investissement n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de la CDN est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 6 700,2 M USD.", "answer_start": 38 @@ -26087,7 +27431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20ACTUALISEE%20DU%20TCHAD.pdf", - "context": "On this basis, the projections for the period 2021-2030 could amount to more than USD 5 002 billion. Without neglecting the importance of domestic and private sources of financing, the international financial contributions of the Technical and Financial Partners will have to play a very significant role. The international priority contributions for adaptation are estimated to be in the order of 75% of the financing needs, and are expected to amount to more than USD 281 million / year by 2021 to reach more than USD 483 million / year by 2030. It should be noted that the Green Climate Fund Country Programme has an estimated budget of USD 2 280 billion for eleven (11) adaptation projects by 2030, and that the programme addresses only part of the priority sectors identified by this updated NCD.", + "context": "Sur cette base, les projections pour la p\u00e9riode 2021-2030 pourraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 plus de 5 002 milliards d\u2019USD. Sans n\u00e9gliger l\u2019importance des sources de financement domestiques et priv\u00e9es, les apports financiers internationaux des Partenaires Techniques et Financiers devront jouer un r\u00f4le tr\u00e8s significatif. Les apports prioritaires internationaux pour l\u2019adaptation sont estim\u00e9s de l\u2019ordre de 75 % des besoins en financement, et devraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 plus de 281 millions USD / an d\u00e8s 2021 pour atteindre plus de 483 millions USD / an d\u00e8s 2030. Il est \u00e0 noter que le Programme Pays Fonds Vert Climat a un budget estim\u00e9 de 2 280 milliards US$ pour onze (11) projets d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, et que le programme n\u2019adresse qu\u2019une partie des secteurs prioritaires identifi\u00e9e par cette CDN actualis\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "Les apports prioritaires internationaux pour l\u2019adaptation sont estim\u00e9s de l\u2019ordre de 75 % des besoins en financement, et devraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 plus de 281 millions USD / an d\u00e8s 2021 pour atteindre plus de 483 millions USD / an d\u00e8s 2030.", "answer_start": 43 @@ -26103,7 +27447,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the National Assembly, the Senate and the National Assembly, as well as to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human", + "context": "Para hacer frente a la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, el pa\u00eds requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n prioritarias, tales como: z Modernizaci\u00f3n de los servicios hidrometereol\u00f3gicos del pa\u00eds, que permitan mantener pron\u00f3sti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernizaci\u00f3n en sistemas de observaci\u00f3n, asimilaci\u00f3n y pron\u00f3sticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- g\u00edas, as\u00ed como la formaci\u00f3n de recursos humanos calificados. En el a\u00f1o 2021 se har\u00e1 efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnol\u00f3gico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pac\u00edfico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital.", "answer": { "text": "450", "answer_start": 120 @@ -26119,7 +27463,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly and the National Assembly, for appropriate consideration and further action.", + "context": "El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital. z Desarrollar un programa nacional de captaci\u00f3n de agua y promoci\u00f3n de sistemas de riego en el corredor seco de Nicaragua, por un monto en inversi\u00f3n de aproximadamente 800 millones de d\u00f3lares. z Incrementar la eficacia en la protecci\u00f3n de las reservas de biosfera mediante un programa de ordenamiento de tierras e impulso a la reforestaci\u00f3n, por un monto de inversi\u00f3n de aproximada- mente 400 millones de d\u00f3lares. z Cooperaci\u00f3n para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades en finanzas clim\u00e1ticas. z Desarrollo de infraestructura de agua potable y saneamiento y programas de resiliencia de los sistemas de agua potable urbano.", "answer": { "text": "450", "answer_start": 8 @@ -26295,7 +27639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation &", + "context": "In January 2020, the draft NDC2 was subjected to additional consultations and it was accepted in the version which incorporated suggestions received from the central and local governmental authorities and the civil society in a gender-responsive manner. National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority \u2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment.", "answer": { "text": "70", "answer_start": 262 @@ -26311,7 +27655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation &", + "context": "National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority \u2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment. Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No.", "answer": { "text": "70", "answer_start": 225 @@ -26327,7 +27671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities;", + "context": "Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country\u2019s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova.", "answer": { "text": "70", "answer_start": 157 @@ -26487,7 +27831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova\u2019s Economy\u2019s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US", + "context": "Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova\u2019s Economy\u2019s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US $).", "answer": { "text": "70", "answer_start": 109 @@ -26567,7 +27911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "The component is built upon the experience gained from the implementation of the first cycle of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP-1) (2014-2017) that is presented in the document, and from the planning perspectives of the NAP-2 that is to be implemented in two tracks: a) National Adaption Plan, covering Water Resources, Human Health, Forestry, Energy and Transport; b) Agriculture Sectoral Adaptation Plan (Ag.SAP). In support to climate action, the adaptation component incorporates cross-sectorial and sector-specific adaptation actions and measures to be implemented, along with identified adaptation investment priorities based on the review of national and sectorial development policies and plans, and the outcomes of an extensive consultation process, including stakeholders from all sectors and levels of governance, in particular, Central Public Authorities and Local Public Authorities, climate-related institutions and agencies, along with private sector, civil society, academia and women associations and youth NGOs representatives.The Republic of Moldova\u2019s medium- and long-term adaptation goal is to reach a sustainable social and economic development resilient to the impact of climate change by establishing a strong enabling environment for a coherent and effective adaptive action with mitigation benefits, integrating climate risk into investment decision- making and business planning, while remaining socially inclusive and sensitive", + "context": "The component is built upon the experience gained from the implementation of the first cycle of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP-1) (2014-2017) that is presented in the document, and from the planning perspectives of the NAP-2 that is to be implemented in two tracks: a) National Adaption Plan, covering Water Resources, Human Health, Forestry, Energy and Transport; b) Agriculture Sectoral Adaptation Plan (Ag.SAP). In support to climate action, the adaptation component incorporates cross-sectorial and sector-specific adaptation actions and measures to be implemented, along with identified adaptation investment priorities based on the review of national and sectorial development policies and plans, and the outcomes of an extensive consultation process, including stakeholders from all sectors and levels of governance, in particular, Central Public Authorities and Local Public Authorities, climate-related institutions and agencies, along with private sector, civil society, academia and women associations and youth NGOs representatives.The Republic of Moldova\u2019s medium- and long-term adaptation goal is to reach a sustainable social and economic development resilient to the impact of climate change by establishing a strong enabling environment for a coherent and effective adaptive action with mitigation benefits, integrating climate risk into investment decision- making and business planning, while remaining socially inclusive and sensitive to gender impacts of climate change.", "answer": { "text": "14", "answer_start": 22 @@ -26583,7 +27927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "In January 2020, the draft NDC2 was subjected to additional consultations and it was accepted in the version which incorporated suggestions received from the central and local governmental authorities and the civil society in a gender-responsive manner. National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG", + "context": "In January 2020, the draft NDC2 was subjected to additional consultations and it was accepted in the version which incorporated suggestions received from the central and local governmental authorities and the civil society in a gender-responsive manner. National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority \u2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment.", "answer": { "text": "14", "answer_start": 49 @@ -26599,7 +27943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013", + "context": "National Circumstances: Land Area \u2013 33,846 km2; Population (with ATULBD) - 3.146 million (2019), of them rural residents represents 55 per cent and urban residents 45 per cent; women represent 52.7 and men 47.3 per cent; Geography \u2013 the country is located in central part of Europe in the northeastern Balkans, between Romania and Ukraine; Climate - temperate continental, characterized by relatively mild winters and little snow, with long, warm summers and low humidity; the average annual air temperature varies within 8 to 10\u00b0C across the country; the maximum temperature is 42\u00b0C and the minimum temperature reaches -35\u00b0C; the probability of winds with speeds above 10 m/s is 6-10 per cent; the warm period comprises about 190 days; Key Climate Risks - droughts and floods, increasing annual average temperature, uneven rainfall distribution; Vulnerable Sectors - agriculture, human health, water resources, forestry, transport and energy; GHG Emissions Profile - 3.8 t CO2 equivalent / capita (2016); the share of the Republic of Moldova\u2019s GHG emissions in total global emissions is 0.026 per cent; Key EmitterUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova Sectors - energy \u2013 68.1 per cent of the total national GHG emissions, including 31.0 per cent \u2013 energy industries and 16.3 per cent - transport; agriculture \u2013 16.7 per cent; waste \u2013 10.0 per cent; Economy \u2013 GDP per capita: US$ 7,703 (PPP, 2019) and US$ 3,300 (nominal, 2019); the average annual economic growth in the most recent years was 4.5 per cent; within global competitiveness ranking, the Republic of Moldova ranked 89 out of 137 countries in 2017-2018, lower than most countries in the region and CIS countries; Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines (% of population) \u2013 9.6 per cent (2015); Gender \u2013 on the average women are still earning 12 per cent less than men; the largest gender pay gap was recorded in the following sectors: information & communication (-23 per cent), industry (-18.3 per cent), art, recreation & leisure (-15.1 per cent); the national legal framework on equality between women and men is in line with international gender standards; National Designated Authority \u2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment. Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No.", "answer": { "text": "14", "answer_start": 12 @@ -26615,7 +27959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities;", + "context": "Best practices and experience in NDC development: - The experience gained during the elaboration and approval of NDC1 served as a main support in the development and promotion of NDC2; - NDC2 formulation was done under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, with the financial support of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Regional Project EU4Climate, implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); - The draft NDC2 was posted for comments on and it was discussed and validated during the national consultation workshop organized on 28 January 2020, with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including representatives of the central and local public authorities, academia, civil society organizations, private entities, business associations; - The NDC2 targets are planned to be achieved through the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation, approved through the GD No. 1470 as of 30.12.2016 (it will be updated by the end of 2020 to incorporate more ambitious reduction commitments from NDC2); - The NDC2 unconditional target is foreseen to be reached by implementing the efficient incentives, redirecting public investments to less emission intensive activities; - In respect to NDC2 conditional target, financial support is envisaged from relevant donors, mostly from Green Climate Fund (GCF); currently, the Country Programme of the Republic of Moldova for engagement with GCF for the 2020-2024 years is under consideration for approval; a comprehensive assessment of country\u2019s capacity, financial and technology needs is conducted to implement a pipeline of measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change; - Taking into account existing gaps and barriers in engaging the private sector in climate investment, a set of measures are to be developed to provide capacity building and technical assistance to the private sector of Moldova.", "answer": { "text": "14", "answer_start": 156 @@ -27479,7 +28823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova\u2019s Economy\u2019s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US", + "context": "Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Table 3.4-2: High Priority Investments in Moldova\u2019s Economy\u2019s Sectors through 2040 (million US$) Sector Investment Investment period Cost Indicated Rate of Return Uncertainty Poverty impact Gender impact Agriculture Water Management Rehabilitate/modernize centralized irrigation systems Medium Medium Medium Rehabilitation/modernization of drainage infrastructure in irrigated areas Medium Medium Medium Institutional reforms/capacity building 2017 to 140 n/a Medium High High Forestry Ecological reconstruction of forests 2020 to Medium High High Ecological reconstruction of forest belts 2020 to Medium High High Health Heat health warning system 2017+ 0.445 BCR: 3.1- High Medium Medium Water Supply Improving municipal & industrial water system efficiency by 10% reduction in loss BCR: 61-70 Low Medium Medium Water storage in Lower Dniester (100 MCM) 2030+? 18.4 BCR: 2.6- Low Medium Medium Water storage in Reut (1 MCM) 2020 0.3 BCR: 20-59 Low Low Medium Flood Prevention Structural measures 2020-2040 360.8 BCR: 2,1 Medium Unknown Unknown Non-Structural measures 2020-2040 13.6 BCR: 5.6 Medium Unknown Unknown WSS Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new WSS infrastructure Medium High Medium Disaster Response Management Improved training facilities; Create N&S Emergency Command Centers; Improved emergency response capabilities Medium Medium Medium Note: * - assessed by the World Bank (million US $).", "answer": { "text": "14", "answer_start": 56 @@ -27703,7 +29047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "600", "answer_start": 998 @@ -27719,7 +29063,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "600", "answer_start": 718 @@ -27735,7 +29079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "600", "answer_start": 718 @@ -27799,7 +29143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda\u2019s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure", + "context": "Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda\u2019s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST.", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 188 @@ -27815,7 +29159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted", + "context": "Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted biennially through Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs).", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 146 @@ -28279,7 +29623,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals.", + "context": "PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019). The policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals.", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 324 @@ -28295,7 +29639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "The policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation", + "context": "The policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals. With the entry into force of the Paris Agreement in November 2016, the INDC became Rwanda\u2019s first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 194 @@ -28663,7 +30007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with", + "context": "It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.)", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 53 @@ -28679,7 +30023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 4 @@ -28775,7 +30119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for", + "context": "Together we will build a green Rwanda and protect the planet. Dr. Jeanne d\u2019Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU \u2018Business as usual\u2019 BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 415 @@ -28791,7 +30135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for", + "context": "Dr. Jeanne d\u2019Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU \u2018Business as usual\u2019 BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030. The contributions described in this submission build upon Rwanda\u2019s existing NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets, and the prioritization of interventions to support these two areas.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 404 @@ -28951,7 +30295,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda\u2019s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure", + "context": "Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda\u2019s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 78 @@ -28967,7 +30311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted", + "context": "Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST. This reporting framework is conducted biennially through Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs).", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 36 @@ -29607,7 +30951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019). The policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate", + "context": "PoA Area 1 Sustainable intensification of small scale farming 2 Agricultural diversity for local and export markets 3 Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning 4 Sustainable Land Use Management and Planning 5 Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid 6 Sustainable small-scale energy installations in rural areas 7 Green industry and private sector investment 8 Climate compatible mining 9 Efficient resilient transport systems 10 Low carbon urban settlements 11 Ecotourism, Conservation and PES Promotion 12 Sustainable forestry, agro-forestry and biomass energy 13 Disaster Management and Disease Prevention 14 Climate data and projections Source: GoR, 2011UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Most recently, the National Environment and Climate Change Policy was enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and healthy environment (MoE, 2019). The policy\u2019s objectives include (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).20 GREEN RWANDA 04 NDC Revision Process Rwanda submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC in September 2015, setting out its adaptation and mitigation goals.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 17 @@ -30519,7 +31863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "The strategy has 14 Programmes of Action (PoA) of which the following programmes that include adaptation to climate change in the following programmes: \u2022 PoA 1: Sustainable intensification of agriculture \u2022 PoA 2: Agriculture diversity in local and export markets \u2022 PoA 3:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and planning \u2022 PoA 4: Integrated Land Use and Management \u2022 PoA 9: Efficient resilient transport systems \u2022 PoA 11: Ecotourism, Conservation and Payment of Ecosystem Services \u2022 PoA 12: Sustainable Forest and Agroforestry \u2022 PoA 13: Disaster and Diseases prevention \u2022 PoA 14: Climate data and projections A recent review of the strategy indicated that it is still valid and relevant to Rwanda\u2019s Vision 2050 as well as strategic plans - such as the National Strategy for Transformation (NST) for the period between 2018 and 2024 (MoE, 2018). Furthermore, in 2019, a new Environment and Climate Change Policy was adopted with the following relevant objectives (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production", + "context": "The strategy has 14 Programmes of Action (PoA) of which the following programmes that include adaptation to climate change in the following programmes: \u2022 PoA 1: Sustainable intensification of agriculture \u2022 PoA 2: Agriculture diversity in local and export markets \u2022 PoA 3:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and planning \u2022 PoA 4: Integrated Land Use and Management \u2022 PoA 9: Efficient resilient transport systems \u2022 PoA 11: Ecotourism, Conservation and Payment of Ecosystem Services \u2022 PoA 12: Sustainable Forest and Agroforestry \u2022 PoA 13: Disaster and Diseases prevention \u2022 PoA 14: Climate data and projections A recent review of the strategy indicated that it is still valid and relevant to Rwanda\u2019s Vision 2050 as well as strategic plans - such as the National Strategy for Transformation (NST) for the period between 2018 and 2024 (MoE, 2018). Furthermore, in 2019, a new Environment and Climate Change Policy was adopted with the following relevant objectives (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).48 GREEN RWANDA This is a demonstration of the progressive policy relevance of climate change to Rwanda\u2019s economic growth and development that lends the momentum to address climate change in general and adaptation/resilience in particular as an integral component to national development priorities.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 42 @@ -30535,7 +31879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).48 GREEN RWANDA This is a demonstration of the progressive policy relevance of climate change to Rwanda\u2019s economic growth and development that lends the momentum to address climate change in general and adaptation/resilience in particular as an integral component to national development priorities. These strategic and policy relevant areas have outlined priorities for the NDC adaptation analytical framework and will continually inform planning, resources mobilization and implementation of NDC in the medium (2025) to long term in 2030 as well as influence the achievement of climate action relevant to SDGs.", + "context": "Furthermore, in 2019, a new Environment and Climate Change Policy was adopted with the following relevant objectives (MoE, 2019): \u2022 Greening economic transformation (resource efficiency, low carbon, climate resiliency, circular economy, green technology and procurement, green urbanization and settlements, and green mobility); \u2022 Strengthening meteorological and early warning services (climate and weather services production and mainstreaming into all sectors of Rwanda\u2019s socio-economic development, production and access of meteorological, climate and weather services for better planning in all sectors of economy; \u2022 Promoting climate change adaptation, mitigation and response (strengthen mitigation and adaptation in both planning and implementation); \u2022 Strengthening environment and climate change governance (mainstreaming of environment and climate change into all sector policies, national coordination for the management of critical ecosystems, inclusive decision-making and interventions for environment and climate change management, education & awareness of Rwandan society on environment, weather and climate change, and strengthen the institutional framework and coordination mechanisms); and \u2022 Promoting green foreign and domestic direct investment and other capital inflows (strengthening environment & climate financial mechanisms for more efficiency, effectiveness and impact and strengthening climate proofing capital inflow in national economic planning).48 GREEN RWANDA This is a demonstration of the progressive policy relevance of climate change to Rwanda\u2019s economic growth and development that lends the momentum to address climate change in general and adaptation/resilience in particular as an integral component to national development priorities. These strategic and policy relevant areas have outlined priorities for the NDC adaptation analytical framework and will continually inform planning, resources mobilization and implementation of NDC in the medium (2025) to long term in 2030 as well as influence the achievement of climate action relevant to SDGs.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 264 @@ -30631,7 +31975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with", + "context": "It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.)", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 16 @@ -30647,7 +31991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 57 @@ -30663,7 +32007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 8 @@ -30679,7 +32023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 8 @@ -30711,7 +32055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 18 @@ -30727,7 +32071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 9 @@ -30775,7 +32119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.)", + "context": "\u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.)", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 327 @@ -30791,7 +32135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR,", + "context": "RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC).", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 27 @@ -30807,7 +32151,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE,", + "context": "Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC MINISANTE Change of malaria hazards; RBC MINAGRI, MINALOC, MINEMA, Meteo Rwanda, civil society MINECOFIN Specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management (SDG 13.B.1).", "answer": { "text": "3", "answer_start": 110 @@ -31063,7 +32407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to", + "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.", "answer": { "text": "15", "answer_start": 47 @@ -31415,7 +32759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901\u20132016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from", + "context": "NDC SECTOR LINKAGES WITH IPCC4 Second Nationally Determined Contribution 7.1 Agriculture, livestock and fisheries 70 7.2 Infrastructure (construction and 7.4 Biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 89 7.8 Tourism and recreation 108 7.9 Mining and quarrying 112 7.12 Petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 123 7.14 Disaster risk management 128 8.1 The policy environment 131 8.3 Institutional framework for NDC 9. CAPACITY-BUILDING AND TECHNOLOGY 11. NDC FINANCING REQUIREMENTS 151 11.1 Proposed finance required 151 11.2 Financial instruments for NDCTABLES Table 1: Leading causes of death in South Sudan 41 Table 2: SCP-HAT parameters 46 Table 7: Circular opportunities for South Sudan 57 Table 8: Scores for sector prioritization 62 Table 9: NDC prioritization matrix 65 Table 10: Mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector 72 Table 11: Adaptation strategies for agriculture and fisheries 74 Table 12: Mitigation strategies for the infrastructure sector 81 Table 13: Adaptation strategies for the infrastructure sector 82 Table 14: Mitigation strategies for the forestry sector 85 Table 15: Adaptation strategies for the forestry sector 88 Table 16: Mitigation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 90 Table 17: Adaptation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 91 Table 18: Mitigation strategies for the electricity sector 97 Table 19: Mitigation strategies for the water sector 100 Table 20: Adaptation strategies for the water sector 101 Table 21: Mitigation strategies for the waste sector 105 Table 22: Adaptation strategies for the waste sector 107 Table 23: Mitigation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 110 Table 24: Adaptation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 111 Table 25: Mitigation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 26: Adaptation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 27: Mitigation strategies for the transport sector 118 Table 28: Mitigation strategies for the industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901\u20132016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from domestic production in the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132015 70 Table 33: Adaptation strategies for the disaster risk management sector 129 Table 34: Climate change strategies outlined in the Fisheries Policy 134 Table 35: Major administrative bodies for climate change 135 Table 36: Stakeholders active in climate change 139 Table 37: NDC implementing entities 140 Table 38: Implementing entities across sectors 141 Table 39: Strategies for gender inclusion in the NDC 149 Table 40: Financing requirements for NDC adaptation strategies 152 Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies 154 Table 42: Climate funds supporting sub-Saharan Africa 157Figure 20: GHG emissions from domestic production in the fishing sector, 2012\u20132015 71 Figure 21: Emission reduction scenarios for the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132030 71 Figure 22: Employment in the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132015 78 Figure 23: Employment in the fishing sector, 2012\u20132015 78 Figure 24: GHG emissions consumption footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012\u20132015 79 Figure 25: GHG emissions domestic footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012\u20132015 79 Figure 26: GHG emission scenarios for the infrastructure sector, 2016\u20132030 80 Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, 2012\u20132015 83 Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 83 Figure 29: GHG emission sequestration scenarios for the forestry sector, 2018\u20132030 84 Figure 30: Installed electricity generation capacity (MW) in South Sudan, 2018 95 Figure 31: GHG emissions from domestic production of electricity, gas and water, 2012\u20132015 95 Figure 32: GHG emission scenarios for electricity generation, 2018\u20132030 95 Figure 33: Employment in the electricity, gas and water sectors, 2012\u20132015 99 Figure 34: Composition of municipal solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 35: Sources of solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 36: GHG emissions from the waste sector, 2012\u20132015 103 Figure 37: Domestic production of GHG emissions from recycling, 2012\u20132015 104 Figure 38: GHG emission scenarios for the waste sector, 2012\u20132030 104 Figure 40: Hotel and restaurant sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 109 Figure 41: GHG emission reduction scenarios for the hotel and restaurant sector, 2010\u20132030 109 Figure 42: Employment in hotels and restaurants, 2012\u20132015 111 Figure 43: Mining and quarrying sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 113 Figure 44: Employment in the mining and quarrying sector, 2012\u20132015 115 Figure 45: GHG emissions from the transport sector, 2012\u20132015 116 Figure 46: GHG emission scenarios for the transport sector, 2012\u20132030 117 Figure 47: Employment in the transport sector, 2012\u20132015 119 Figure 48: GHG emissions of the industrial sector from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 120 Figure 49: Share of industry sub-sectors to GHG emissions from domestic production, Figure 50: Employment in the industrial sector, 2012\u20132015 122 Figure 51: GHG emissions in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products sector from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 123 Figure 52: Employment in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products Figure 53: Institutional framework for NDC implementation 1388 Second Nationally Determined ContributionFOREWORD This document presents South Sudan\u2019s second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC); it updates the first NDC to include the country\u2019s changing climate and its development considerations.", "answer": { "text": "200", "answer_start": 396 @@ -31431,7 +32775,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901\u20132016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from", + "context": "NDC FINANCING REQUIREMENTS 151 11.1 Proposed finance required 151 11.2 Financial instruments for NDCTABLES Table 1: Leading causes of death in South Sudan 41 Table 2: SCP-HAT parameters 46 Table 7: Circular opportunities for South Sudan 57 Table 8: Scores for sector prioritization 62 Table 9: NDC prioritization matrix 65 Table 10: Mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector 72 Table 11: Adaptation strategies for agriculture and fisheries 74 Table 12: Mitigation strategies for the infrastructure sector 81 Table 13: Adaptation strategies for the infrastructure sector 82 Table 14: Mitigation strategies for the forestry sector 85 Table 15: Adaptation strategies for the forestry sector 88 Table 16: Mitigation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 90 Table 17: Adaptation strategies for biodiversity, ecosystem and sustainable wetland management 91 Table 18: Mitigation strategies for the electricity sector 97 Table 19: Mitigation strategies for the water sector 100 Table 20: Adaptation strategies for the water sector 101 Table 21: Mitigation strategies for the waste sector 105 Table 22: Adaptation strategies for the waste sector 107 Table 23: Mitigation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 110 Table 24: Adaptation strategies for the tourism and recreation sector 111 Table 25: Mitigation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 26: Adaptation strategies for the mining and quarrying sector 114 Table 27: Mitigation strategies for the transport sector 118 Table 28: Mitigation strategies for the industrial sector 121 Table 29: Mitigation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 124 Table 30: Adaptation strategies for petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products 125 Table 31: Status of the health sector in South Sudan 126 Table 32: Adaptation strategies for the health sector 1276 Second Nationally Determined Contribution FIGURES Figure 1: Map of South Sudan 34 Figure 2: Average monthly temperature and rainfall in South Sudan, 1901\u20132016 35 Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 36 Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 37 Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 37 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, 2017 38 Figure 7: Population growth of South Sudan 40 Figure 8: Sector briefs 47 Figure 9: Social, economic and environmental parameters 48 Figure 10: Material use decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 11: GHG emissions decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 12: Land use and biodiversity loss decoupling trend, 2012\u20132015 49 Figure 13: Resource consumption in South Sudan 50 Figure 14: Resource consumption by sector, 2015 51 Figure 16: GHG emissions by sector, 2015 53 Figure 17: Resource flows, stocks and outputs 55 Figure 18: The DISRUPT framework 56 Figure 19: GHG emissions from domestic production in the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132015 70 Table 33: Adaptation strategies for the disaster risk management sector 129 Table 34: Climate change strategies outlined in the Fisheries Policy 134 Table 35: Major administrative bodies for climate change 135 Table 36: Stakeholders active in climate change 139 Table 37: NDC implementing entities 140 Table 38: Implementing entities across sectors 141 Table 39: Strategies for gender inclusion in the NDC 149 Table 40: Financing requirements for NDC adaptation strategies 152 Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies 154 Table 42: Climate funds supporting sub-Saharan Africa 157Figure 20: GHG emissions from domestic production in the fishing sector, 2012\u20132015 71 Figure 21: Emission reduction scenarios for the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132030 71 Figure 22: Employment in the agriculture sector, 2012\u20132015 78 Figure 23: Employment in the fishing sector, 2012\u20132015 78 Figure 24: GHG emissions consumption footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012\u20132015 79 Figure 25: GHG emissions domestic footprint for the infrastructure sector, 2012\u20132015 79 Figure 26: GHG emission scenarios for the infrastructure sector, 2016\u20132030 80 Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, 2012\u20132015 83 Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 83 Figure 29: GHG emission sequestration scenarios for the forestry sector, 2018\u20132030 84 Figure 30: Installed electricity generation capacity (MW) in South Sudan, 2018 95 Figure 31: GHG emissions from domestic production of electricity, gas and water, 2012\u20132015 95 Figure 32: GHG emission scenarios for electricity generation, 2018\u20132030 95 Figure 33: Employment in the electricity, gas and water sectors, 2012\u20132015 99 Figure 34: Composition of municipal solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 35: Sources of solid waste in Juba 103 Figure 36: GHG emissions from the waste sector, 2012\u20132015 103 Figure 37: Domestic production of GHG emissions from recycling, 2012\u20132015 104 Figure 38: GHG emission scenarios for the waste sector, 2012\u20132030 104 Figure 40: Hotel and restaurant sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 109 Figure 41: GHG emission reduction scenarios for the hotel and restaurant sector, 2010\u20132030 109 Figure 42: Employment in hotels and restaurants, 2012\u20132015 111 Figure 43: Mining and quarrying sector GHG emissions from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 113 Figure 44: Employment in the mining and quarrying sector, 2012\u20132015 115 Figure 45: GHG emissions from the transport sector, 2012\u20132015 116 Figure 46: GHG emission scenarios for the transport sector, 2012\u20132030 117 Figure 47: Employment in the transport sector, 2012\u20132015 119 Figure 48: GHG emissions of the industrial sector from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 120 Figure 49: Share of industry sub-sectors to GHG emissions from domestic production, Figure 50: Employment in the industrial sector, 2012\u20132015 122 Figure 51: GHG emissions in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products sector from domestic production, 2012\u20132015 123 Figure 52: Employment in the petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products Figure 53: Institutional framework for NDC implementation 1388 Second Nationally Determined ContributionFOREWORD This document presents South Sudan\u2019s second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC); it updates the first NDC to include the country\u2019s changing climate and its development considerations. South Sudan has come a long way since it published its first NDC with the development of its detailed greenhouse gas inventory (published in its National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), the establishment of its National Adaptation Programme of Action, and the development of other climate-related sectoral plans and policies.", "answer": { "text": "200", "answer_start": 331 @@ -31447,7 +32791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "domestic product GHG greenhouse gas JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LULUCF land use, land use change and forestry m2 square metre MW megawatt N O nitrous oxide NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NATCOM Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDS National Development Strategy \u00b0C degree Celsius Ramsar Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SCP-HAT Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool SDG Sustainable Development Goal t tonne (metric ton) tCO e tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization $ United States dollar % percent14 Second Nationally Determined Contribution SUMMARYExecutive summary 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of South Sudan became a new nation after more than 50 years of civil war that took over 3 million lives and displaced over a million people. South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement and became the 55th country in Africa.", + "context": "Joseph Africano Bartel Undersecretary of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of South SudanAbbreviations and acronyms 13 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank CAMP Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan CH methane CO carbon dioxide ER emission reduction ESIA environmental and social impact assessment EV electric vehicle FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FY financial year GDP gross domestic product GHG greenhouse gas JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LULUCF land use, land use change and forestry m2 square metre MW megawatt N O nitrous oxide NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NATCOM Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDS National Development Strategy \u00b0C degree Celsius Ramsar Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SCP-HAT Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool SDG Sustainable Development Goal t tonne (metric ton) tCO e tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization $ United States dollar % percent14 Second Nationally Determined Contribution SUMMARYExecutive summary 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of South Sudan became a new nation after more than 50 years of civil war that took over 3 million lives and displaced over a million people. South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement and became the 55th country in Africa.", "answer": { "text": "200", "answer_start": 248 @@ -31511,7 +32855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "Most of the agriculture in South Sudan is rainfed and therefore depends on seasonal rainfall for optimal crop production, making the sector vulnerable to climate variability. Extended dry seasons (droughts) and increasing precipitation variability negatively impact the economy and the nutrition status Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA JONGLEI LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL +50 mm to -50 mm 50 mm to -100 mm decrease 100 mm to 150 mm decrease 150 mm or more decrease Legend Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 Source: UNEP, 2018aNational circumstances 37 LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL ABYEI REGION JONGLEI Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA < +0.7\u00b0 C < +0.9\u00b0 C < +1.1\u00b0 C < +1.3\u00b0 C Legend Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 Source: UNEP, 2018a Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 Source: Global Forest Watch, 2020 Thousands per hectare38 Second Nationally Determined Contribution of residents who rely on agriculture for", + "context": "Most of the agriculture in South Sudan is rainfed and therefore depends on seasonal rainfall for optimal crop production, making the sector vulnerable to climate variability. Extended dry seasons (droughts) and increasing precipitation variability negatively impact the economy and the nutrition status Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA JONGLEI LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL +50 mm to -50 mm 50 mm to -100 mm decrease 100 mm to 150 mm decrease 150 mm or more decrease Legend Figure 3: Projected change in precipitation in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 Source: UNEP, 2018aNational circumstances 37 LAKES UPPER NILE UNITY WARRAP WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL CENTRAL EQUATORIA NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL ABYEI REGION JONGLEI Juba SUDAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA KENYA UGANDA < +0.7\u00b0 C < +0.9\u00b0 C < +1.1\u00b0 C < +1.3\u00b0 C Legend Figure 4: Projected change in temperature in South Sudan, 1960\u20132039 Source: UNEP, 2018a Figure 5: Reduction in tree cover, 2001\u20132009 Source: Global Forest Watch, 2020 Thousands per hectare38 Second Nationally Determined Contribution of residents who rely on agriculture for their livelihoods.", "answer": { "text": "200", "answer_start": 180 @@ -32167,7 +33511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Investment in the conversion of efficient transformers for the electrical system. 14. Introduction of energy efficiency standards in new buildings. 15. Program for the destruction of high PCG (HFC) gases in low-efficiency refrigeration and air conditioning equipment according to the protocol of the Kigali Amendment. (Coalition) 16. Identification of possible banks for the storage of electrical energy. (Coalition) Trucking: 17. New and additional lines of the Santo Domingo Metro. 18. New cable car line. 19. Creation and adaptation of the BRT system in the major cities (Santo Domingo and Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovation of the fleet of diesel buses by 100% electric units. 21. Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos.", + "context": "Inversi\u00f3n en la reconversi\u00f3n de transformadores eficientes para el sistema el\u00e9ctrico. 14. Introducci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en nuevas construcciones. 15. Programa de destrucci\u00f3n de gases con alto PCG (HFC) en equipo de refrigeraci\u00f3n y acondicionamiento de aire de baja eficiencia seg\u00fan protocolo de la Enmienda de Kigali. (Cualitativa) 16. Identificaci\u00f3n de posibles bancos para el almacenamiento de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. (Cualitativa) Transporte carretero: 17. L\u00edneas nuevas y adicionales del Metro de Santo Domingo. 18. Nueva l\u00ednea de telef\u00e9rico. 19. Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) 20. Renovaci\u00f3n del parque de autobuses de di\u00e9sel por unidades el\u00e9ctricas 100 %. 21. Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)", "answer_start": 80 @@ -32183,7 +33527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "It is necessary to support financial mechanisms for the public sector in new lines for the cable car based on technologies matured in the market and to prioritize studies for the establishment of the system to measure the emissions of GHGs generated from the installations of the Santo Domingo metro, based on the issuance of Decree 541-20 establishing the National System for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of Greenhouse Gases.", + "context": "Se requiere el apoyo de mecanismos financieros para el sector p\u00fablico en nuevas l\u00edneas para el telef\u00e9rico a partir de tecnolog\u00edas maduras en el mercado y priorizar estudios para el establecimiento del sistema para medir las emisiones de GEI generada que provienen de las instalaciones del metro de Santo Domingo, a partir de la emisi\u00f3n del Decreto 541-20 que establece el Sistema Nacional de Medici\u00f3n, Reporte y Verificaci\u00f3n (MRV) de Gases de Efecto Invernadero. T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) Objetivo Reducci\u00f3n de GEI en el sector transporte e inversi\u00f3n en nuevo Sistema de BRT para ciudades de alta demanda de pasajeros.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)", "answer_start": 78 @@ -32199,7 +33543,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Responsible entity (Institution that monitors, reports and verifies the option) Type of instrument (IPCC-2006 GHG Measure, Non-GHG Measure and Enabling Framework) Status (Planned, approved, in progress) Sector and Categories (Identify specific sectors and categories) Gases (GHG) (Reported Direct and Indirect Gases) Estimated funding (expressed in USD) Nationally Determined Contribution 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT Emissions Reduction 2816.11 Gg CO2eq.", + "context": "T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros) Objetivo Reducci\u00f3n de GEI en el sector transporte e inversi\u00f3n en nuevo Sistema de BRT para ciudades de alta demanda de pasajeros. Entidad Responsable (Instituci\u00f3n que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opci\u00f3n) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificaci\u00f3n, aprobado, en ejecuci\u00f3n) Sector y Categor\u00edas seg\u00fan IPCC-2006 (Identificar sector y categor\u00edas especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD)Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT Reducci\u00f3n de emisiones 2816.11 Gg CO2eq. Inversiones previstas en un nuevo sistema de BRT. Ejecuci\u00f3n Prevista Sector Energ\u00eda, Categor\u00eda: 1.A.3b Transporte carretero. La opci\u00f3n sustituye combustibles en las subcategor\u00edas de Buses y Camiones.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n y adecuaci\u00f3n del sistema BRT en las grandes ciudades (Santo Domingo y Santiago de los Caballeros)", "answer_start": 4 @@ -32215,7 +33559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "With regard to urban transport infrastructure, an obligatory crossing point seems to lie in enhanced cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Transport and local authorities. The strategy for deploying BHNS and tramways is also essential: to be attractive, public transport must be comfortable and safe. For long-distance transport, the rail network must ensure the development of TGVs, intercity trains and freight. For equipment performance, the short-term priority is to improve the performance of vehicles placed on the market by regulation. But in the medium term, a strategy for electrification of all types of vehicles must be developed: scooters, cars, light commercial vehicles and buses.", + "context": "En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales. La strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9ploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour \u00eatre attractifs, les transports en commun doivent \u00eatre confortables et s\u00fbrs. Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret. Pour les performances des \u00e9quipements, la priorit\u00e9 de court terme est celle de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances des v\u00e9hicules mis sur le march\u00e9 par la r\u00e9glementation. Mais \u00e0 moyen terme, il convient d\u2019\u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019\u00e9lectrification de tous les types de v\u00e9hicules : scooters, automobiles, v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers, bus.", "answer": { "text": "La strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9ploiement des BHNS et des tramways est aussi essentielle : pour \u00eatre attractifs, les transports en commun doivent \u00eatre confortables et s\u00fbrs. Pour l\u2019interurbain, le r\u00e9seau ferr\u00e9 doit assurer le d\u00e9veloppement des TGV, des trains intercit\u00e9s et du fret", "answer_start": 30 @@ -32231,7 +33575,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the Conakry Urban Development Plan, including a BRT bus line and a railway line, is an essential asset not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for improving the living conditions of millions of people in the capital. Unconditional objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation).", + "context": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).", "answer": { "text": "Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.", "answer_start": 19 @@ -32343,7 +33687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "They will enable: - A comprehensive and sustainable improvement in the conditions for the movement of people; - A better contribution of the sub-sector to the growth and productivity of the national economy; - A significant reduction in pollution and its negative impact on economic growth; - A diversification of modes of transport with the use of rail and sea transport. CDN/CDN+ Strategic Actions - Diversification of sustainable public transport (Bus Rapide Transit, Regional Train Express) - Promotion of hybrid cars Waste Sector Sector Context The waste sector is cross-cutting and in line with the PES.", + "context": "Elles permettront : - Une am\u00e9lioration globale et durable des conditions de d\u00e9placement des populations ; - Une meilleure contribution du sous-secteur \u00e0 la croissance et \u00e0 la productivit\u00e9 de l \u00e9conomie nationale ; - Une baisse sensible de la pollution et de l impact n\u00e9gatif de celle-ci sur la croissance \u00e9conomique ; - Une diversification des modes de transport avec le recours au transport ferroviaire et maritime. Actions strat\u00e9giques de la CDN/CDN+ - D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des d\u00e9chets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des d\u00e9chets est transversal et en ad\u00e9quation avec le PSE.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional)", "answer_start": 74 @@ -32359,7 +33703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDNSenegal%20approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf", - "context": "CND/CDN+ Strategic Actions - Expansion of Sustainable Public Transit (Bus Rapide Transit, Regional Train Express) - Promotion of Hybrid Cars Waste Sector Sector Context The waste sector is cross-cutting and in line with the PES. The government has made tremendous efforts that have resulted in: (1) reorganization of the sector, through the development of appropriate regulations, (2) implementation of the National Solid Waste Management Program, (3) implementation of solid and liquid waste management infrastructure, and (4) adoption of an awareness, training and capacity building program.", + "context": "Actions strat\u00e9giques de la CDN/CDN+ - D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des d\u00e9chets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des d\u00e9chets est transversal et en ad\u00e9quation avec le PSE. Le gouvernement a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9normes efforts qui ont abouti \u00e0 : (1) la r\u00e9organisation du secteur, \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u00e9laboration de texte r\u00e8glementaires ad\u00e9quats, (2) la mise en \u0153uvre du Programme National de Gestion des D\u00e9chets solides, (3) la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019infrastructures de gestion des d\u00e9chets solides et liquides, et (4) l\u2019adoption d\u2019un programme de sensibilisation, de formation et de renforcement de capacit\u00e9.", "answer": { "text": "D\u00e9multiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express R\u00e9gional)", "answer_start": 6 @@ -32471,7 +33815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.", + "context": "1) Strengthen the national framework on climate change - Strengthen laws and regulations on climate change - Formulate and implement the national strategy on climate change - Integrate climate-change-related objectives into the national economic and social development plans - Develop the national GHG inventory system - Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities - Formulate long-term, low GHG emissions development strategy 2) Improve energy use efficiency and reduce energy consumption - Encourage the use of energy efficient appliances in the residential sector - Conserve firewood in residential sector - Reduce electric power consumption for irrigation water pumping by effective water resource management plans - Improve the energy efficiency of technologies and processes in industrial sector - Establish and improve standards on energy consumption of major technologies and products - Improve the fuel-economics of the vehicles - Restrict excessive use of the private transportation by the permitting system of car service by day of the week and a day\u2019s interval - Expand and encourage public transport facilities 3) Improve energy efficiency and encourage the use of alternative energy in electric power industry - Increase electric power generating efficiency in the existing coal-fired power plants - Construct eco-friendly large, medium and small scale hydro power station, and improve electric power generating efficiency in hydro power stations - Strengthen the national integrated electric power management system - Complete the flexible electric power transmission system - Introduce ultra-high tension transmission technologiesIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 8 - Build nuclear power stations 4) Scale up the utilization of renewable energy development - Build and scale up the power plants based on renewable energy resources - Generalize off-grid power generating system based on the renewable energy - Disseminate the technologies for zero-energy, zero carbon architecture 5) Manage and develop forest in the sustainable manner - Modernize nurseries with the object of scientification, industrializing, intensifying, automatizing, mechanizing the production of young trees - Introduce advanced technologies for afforestation and reforestation - Introduce and scale up the technologies and methodologies for sustainable forest management including agroforestry 6) Introduce advanced technologies and methodologies for sustainable agricultural development - Conduct scientific research for and develop methodologies of GHG emission reduction in agriculture and livestock breeding - Widely introduce recycling technologies of agricultural residuals for the production of biogas and organic fertilizer 7) Introduce sustainable waste management system - Prepare waste management plans - Promote the reduction and recycling of waste - Building capacity for waste management and introduce technologies for the advanced waste management - Introduce methane recovery and destruction technologies from industrial waste 8) Raise public awareness and accelerate participatory process for responding climate change - Intensify the all-inclusive mass movement for planting trees such as the period of the spring and autumn general mobilization for land management and the Reforestation Day - Strengthen activities for energy conservation such as the May and October Electricity Saving Months - Reinforce afforestation activities of the Youth\u2019s Forest and Children\u2019s Union ForestIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 9 - Strengthen propagation campaign for public awareness and education of climate change mitigation - Encourage participation in mitigation of climate change 9) Enhance international cooperation for mitigation of climate change - Strengthen international cooperation for preparing and implementing climate policies and strategies - Reinforce joint research, sci-tech knowledge exchange and demonstration activities among scientific research institutions, within the framework of international technical mechanism, for the purpose of promoting climate-related technology dissemination - Intensify international cooperation for capacity building and knowledge experience of the experts in the fields of responding climate change 10) Increase financial support for mitigation measures - To further increase budgetary support to mitigation measures - To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development Particularly, a high priority is attached to the following measures with great mitigation potential in implementing conditional contributions to the mitigation of climate change. \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off \u2013shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3.", "answer": { "text": "To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities", "answer_start": 913 @@ -32487,7 +33831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/DPRK-INDC%20by%202030.pdf", - "context": "Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3. Adaptation Component Annual mean temperature in DPR Korea rose by 1.9oC over the 20th century.", + "context": "\u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 1 To reduce power transmission and distribution losses to 6% 2 To build 2 000MW nuclear power station 3 To install a total of 1 000MW grid connected solar PV systems To build a total of 500MW West Sea off \u2013shore wind farms at the Korean West Sea 5 To build a total of 500MW on-shore wind farms To use energy-efficient air conditioners and heat pumps instead of coal-fired space heating at households and offices To use biogas from livestock manure and domestic sewage instead of coal or firewood for cooking 8 To replace coal use for hot water with solar hot water system at households To replace conventional wood stoves for cooking with efficient wood stoves at rural householdsIntended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 10 \u2116 Mitigation measures prioritized for conditional contribution 10 To build the rice husk cogeneration plants To building centralized compositing facilities to collect and treat municipal solid waste To replace the old subcritical coal power stations with ultra-supercritical coal power stations To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement 14 To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households To reduce 25% of energy consumption in industry through technical modernization by 2030 17 To replace tunnel brick kilns with vertical shaft brick kilns 18 To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities 19 To scale up agroforestry and sustainable forest management 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in the National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea Page 11 3. Adaptation Component Annual mean temperature in DPR Korea rose by 1.9oC over the 20th century.", "answer": { "text": "To introduce the Bus Rapid Transit systems in large cities", "answer_start": 242 @@ -32695,7 +34039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Dominican Republic, through the referenced articles, improves and updates its NDC with respect to the Paris Agreement, including the achievement of its most ambitious target of reducing emissions by 27% with respect to the BAU 2030 scenario, expressing more clearly its ambition in terms of climate investments to comply with the global agreement and its indicators.", + "context": "La Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, a trav\u00e9s de los art\u00edculos referenciados, mejora y actualiza su NDC con respecto a lo planteado en el Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, incluido el logro de su objetivo m\u00e1s ambicioso de reducir el 27 % de las emisiones con respecto al escenario BAU 2030, expresando con mejor claridad su ambici\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos de inversiones clim\u00e1ticas para cumplir con el acuerdo global y sus indicadores. En el Sector de Energ\u00eda, seg\u00fan las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia t\u00e9cnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energ\u00edas Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generaci\u00f3n de electricidad, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducci\u00f3n a las emisiones al 2030.", "answer": { "text": "En el Sector de Energ\u00eda, seg\u00fan las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia t\u00e9cnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energ\u00edas Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generaci\u00f3n de electricidad, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducci\u00f3n a las emisiones al 2030", "answer_start": 66 @@ -32711,7 +34055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "In the Energy Sector, according to the options identified and evaluated, based on technical assistance from the World Bank, UN Environment, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the subsectors of electricity generation, energy efficiency and road transport, where USD$ 4,316,950,000.00 is needed to mobilize, were worked to reduce 5.778.85 GgCO2eq corresponding to 11.33 % reduction in emissions by 2030.", + "context": "En el Sector de Energ\u00eda, seg\u00fan las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia t\u00e9cnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energ\u00edas Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generaci\u00f3n de electricidad, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducci\u00f3n a las emisiones al 2030. Adicionalmente para el Sector de Energ\u00eda, seg\u00fan el \u201cREMAP, IRENA-2016\u201d, con la participaci\u00f3n de la Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Energ\u00eda, se pronostican escenarios en REMAP con un potencial estimado en parques e\u00f3licos de 2,304 MWp y para la instalaci\u00f3n de paneles solares en espacios residenciales, de servicios y granjas solares un potencialContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 estimado de 1761 MWp en todo el territorio nacional.", "answer": { "text": "En el Sector de Energ\u00eda, seg\u00fan las opciones identificadas y evaluadas, a partir de la asistencia t\u00e9cnica del Banco Mundial, ONU Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Internacional de Energ\u00edas Renovables (IRENA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), se trabajaron los subsectores de generaci\u00f3n de electricidad, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y transporte por carretera, donde se necesita movilizar USD$ 4,316,950,000.00, para reducir 5,778.85 GgCO2eq lo que corresponde al 11.33 % de reducci\u00f3n a las emisiones al 2030", "answer_start": 0 @@ -32967,7 +34311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Project for the construction of 3 solar photovoltaic power plants with a cumulative capacity of 300 MWc, of which 150 MWc in a first phase (Kaya 1 and Koup\u00e9la 2). Project for the deployment of fifty thousand (50 000) Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) type solar kits (60 Wc) for the benefit of households in Burkina Faso. Project for the construction of a biomass-waste thermal power plant of 10 MW in Ouagadougou.v Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Transport Unconditional Project to support the modernisation of the transport sector (PAMOSET-FC) component \" Implementation of a system for the permanent renewal of the park\". Project for the completion of the railway interconnection Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditional Project for the rehabilitation of the railway line Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te", + "context": "Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovolta\u00efques \u00e0 vocation r\u00e9gionale d\u2019une puissance cumul\u00e9e de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une premi\u00e8re phase (Kaya 1 et Koup\u00e9la 2). Projet de d\u00e9ploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des m\u00e9nages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d\u2019une centrale thermique \u00e0 biomasse- d\u00e9chets de 10 MW \u00e0 Ouagadougou.v Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui \u00e0 la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante \" Mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de renouvellement p\u00e9renne du parc\". Projet de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya.", "answer_start": 107 @@ -32983,7 +34327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Project for the construction of 3 solar photovoltaic power plants with a cumulative capacity of 300 MWc, of which 150 MWc in a first phase (Kaya 1 and Koup\u00e9la 2). Project for the deployment of fifty thousand (50 000) Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) type solar kits (60 Wc) for the benefit of households in Burkina Faso. Project for the construction of a biomass-waste thermal power plant of 10 MW in Ouagadougou.v Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Transport Unconditional Project to support the modernisation of the transport sector (PAMOSET-FC) component \" Implementation of a system for the permanent renewal of the park\". Project for the completion of the railway interconnection Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditional Project for the rehabilitation of the railway line Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te", + "context": "Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovolta\u00efques \u00e0 vocation r\u00e9gionale d\u2019une puissance cumul\u00e9e de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une premi\u00e8re phase (Kaya 1 et Koup\u00e9la 2). Projet de d\u00e9ploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des m\u00e9nages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d\u2019une centrale thermique \u00e0 biomasse- d\u00e9chets de 10 MW \u00e0 Ouagadougou.v Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui \u00e0 la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante \" Mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de renouvellement p\u00e9renne du parc\". Projet de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer_start": 117 @@ -32999,7 +34343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger railway construction project. 402 460 7.00 59.00 223.00 Urban and peri-urban heavy rail service to Ouagadougou from the existing line. Waste Conditional Methane recovery project from wastewater treatment at Kossodo STEP. Methane recovery project from CTVD waste landfill. Biogas sludge recovery project of 200 000 m3.vi Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Wastewater treatment plant construction and expansion project.", + "context": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante. D\u00e9chets Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir du traitement des eaux us\u00e9es de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane issu de l enfouissement des d\u00e9chets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Projet de construction et d\u2019extension des stations de traitement des eaux us\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -33015,7 +34359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger railway construction project. 402 460 7.00 59.00 223.00 Urban and peri-urban heavy rail service to Ouagadougou from the existing line. Waste Conditional Methane recovery project from wastewater treatment at Kossodo STEP. Methane recovery project from CTVD waste landfill. Biogas sludge recovery project of 200 000 m3.vi Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Wastewater treatment plant construction and expansion project.", + "context": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante. D\u00e9chets Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir du traitement des eaux us\u00e9es de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane issu de l enfouissement des d\u00e9chets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Projet de construction et d\u2019extension des stations de traitement des eaux us\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante.", "answer_start": 14 @@ -33031,7 +34375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "NDC PROJECTS Areas of intervention by agro-ecological zone (AEZ) COUTS (Mds FCFA) COUTS (Mds US $ ) AGRICULTURE, FARMING, FISHERIES 904.6 1,8092 Project 1: promotion and development of intelligent and resilient agriculture to the effects of climate change taking into account the agricultural value chain All AEZs 537.1 1.0742 Project 2: reduction of the vulnerability of livestock to the effects of climate change Sahelian AEZ, high savannahs and high plateaus Project 3: reduction of the effects of climate change on the fisheries sector (Littoral, North and Far North) All AEZs 142.5 0.285 ENERGY/INDUSTRIE AND WASTE 2567.5 5.135 Project 4: diversification of energy supply and enhancement of energy efficiency in the context of climate change All AEZs 2152.5 4.305 Project 5", + "context": "PROJETS DE LA CDN Zones d\u2019interventions par zone agro \u00e9cologique (ZAE) COUTS (Mds de FCFA) COUTS (Mds $ US ) AGRICULTURE, ELEVAGE, PECHE 904,6 1,8092 Projet 1 : promotion et d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une agriculture intelligente et r\u00e9siliente face aux effets des CC prenant en compte la chaine de valeur agricole Toutes les ZAEs 537,1 1,0742 Projet 2 : R\u00e9duction de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9levage aux effets des changements climatiques ZAE sah\u00e9lienne, hautes savanes et hauts plateaux Projet 3 : R\u00e9duction des effets des changements climatiques sur le secteur halieutique (Littoral, Nord et Extr\u00eame-Nord) Toutes les ZAEs 142,5 0,285 \u00c9NERGIE/INDUSTRIE ET DECHETS 2567.5 5,135 Projet 4 : Diversification de l\u2019offre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et renforcement de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en contexte de changement climatique Toutes les ZAEs 2152,5 4,305 Projet 5 : Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e et valorisation des d\u00e9chets puis promotion des initiatives d\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire Toutes les ZAEs 150 0,3 Projet 6 : Promotion des technologies \u00e0 bas carbone dans les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels et les activit\u00e9s touristiques et artisanales. Toutes les ZAEs 265 0,53 INFRASTRUCTURES & ASSAINISSEMENT 3487,7 6,9754 Projet 7 : Construire des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes au climat et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes et des corridors de transport nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux.", "answer": { "text": "Construire des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes au climat et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes et des corridors de transport nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux.", "answer_start": 176 @@ -33047,7 +34391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "All ESA 265 0.53 INFRASTRUCTURE & REMEDIATION 3487.7 6.9754 Project 7: Building climate-resilient infrastructure and strengthening the resilience of national and regional transport systems and corridors All ESA 3187.7 6.3754 Project 8: Integrated water resources management and development of climate-resilient remediation systems All ESA 300 0.6 Project 9: Reduction of forest damage Forest, coastal and high savannah ESAs Project 10: Promotion of reforestation and restoration of degraded forest landscapes All ESA 415 0.83Republic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 TERRITORY THREATS / RISK MANAGEMENT 774 1.548 Project 11: Upgrading national systems for hydrometeorological data collection, analysis, forecasting, information, early warning and capacity building All ESA 300 0.6 Project 12:", + "context": "Toutes les ZAEs 265 0,53 INFRASTRUCTURES & ASSAINISSEMENT 3487,7 6,9754 Projet 7 : Construire des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes au climat et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes et des corridors de transport nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux. Toutes les ZAEs 3187,7 6,3754 Projet 8 : Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des ressources en eau et \u00e9laboration des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019assainissement r\u00e9silients au changement climatique Toutes les ZAEs 300 0,6 Projet 9 : R\u00e9duction des atteintes \u00e0 la for\u00eat ZAEs foresti\u00e8re, c\u00f4ti\u00e8re et hautes savanes Projet 10 : Promotion du reboisement et de la restauration des paysages forestiers d\u00e9grad\u00e9s Toutes les ZAEs 415 0,83R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE / GESTION DES RISQUES 774 1,548 Projet 11 : Mise \u00e0 niveau les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de collecte de donn\u00e9es hydro m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, d\u2019analyse, de pr\u00e9vision, d information, d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce, et renforcement des capacit\u00e9s Toutes les ZAEs 300 0,6 Projet 12 : Elaboration des plans ORSEC dans toutes les r\u00e9gions et op\u00e9rationnalisation des fonds d\u2019urgence en cas de catastrophe.", "answer": { "text": "Construire des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes au climat et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes et des corridors de transport nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux.", "answer_start": 13 @@ -33063,7 +34407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "f. Means of implementation Cost estimates and assumptions used (a detailed investment plan will be implemented in 2021) Actions Costs Source and assumptions Energy Put the dams of Souapiti, Amaria and Koukoutamba into operation for USD 2 177 million Ministry of installed hydraulic capacity of 1050 MW before Put at least 2500 MW of additional SWRs into operation by 2030 ensuring universal access to electricity USD 6 to 10 billion The cost of the electricity mix varies according to the production technologies (solar, hydro, biomass, wind) and their scales (solar kits and other pico- solutions, platforms, mini-grids, large power plants). Source: according to IRENA Transport Development of railway transport of people and goods: at least 650 km of railway Simandou - Matakang Private financing Mining development in Simandou enables the \"", + "context": "f. Moyens de mise en \u0153uvre Estimations des co\u00fbts et hypoth\u00e8ses utilis\u00e9es (un plan d\u2019investissement d\u00e9taill\u00e9 sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021) Actions Co\u00fbts Source et hypoth\u00e8ses Energie Mettre en service les barrages de Souapiti, Amaria et Koukoutamba pour une 2 177 millions USD Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019hydrauliquepuissance install\u00e9e de 1050 MW avant Mettre en service au moins 2500 MW suppl\u00e9mentaires d\u2019ENRs \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 garantissant un acc\u00e8s universel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 6 \u00e0 10 Mds USD Le co\u00fbt du mix \u00e9lectrique varie selon les technologies de production (solaire, hydro, biomasse, \u00e9olien) et leurs \u00e9chelles (kits solaires et autres pico- solutions, plateformes, mini r\u00e9seaux, grandes centrales). Source : d\u2019apr\u00e8s IRENA Transports D\u00e9veloppement du transport de personnes et marchandises par rail : au moins 650 km de voie ferr\u00e9e Simandou - Matakang Financement priv\u00e9 Le d\u00e9veloppement minier de Simandou permet au \u201ctransguin\u00e9en\u201d de voir le jour Co\u00fbt mise en \u0153uvre Plan de d\u00e9placement urbain de Conakry 496 millions USD d\u2019ici PDU Conakry D\u00e9chets Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissement du projet de collecte et de valorisation des d\u00e9chets \u00e0 Conakry Environ 95 millions USD Co\u00fbt de la gestion annuelle de la fili\u00e8re d\u00e9chets 11 \u00e0 17 millions USD / an (entre 90 et 140 USD/tonne) UTCAFT Promotion et diffusion des technologies efficaces de carbonisation: au moins 5000 unit\u00e9s de production Entre 8 \u00e0 20 millions USD N\u00e9cessite du transfert Sud-Sud de technologies de carbonisation plus avanc\u00e9es pour compl\u00e9ter la meule casaman\u00e7aise Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de fili\u00e8res locales permettant la diffusion de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s domestiques aupr\u00e8s de 50% des m\u00e9nages guin\u00e9ens en 2030 Au moins 10 millions USD Les op\u00e9rateurs internationaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 accompagner la Guin\u00e9e dans un changement d\u2019\u00e9chelle Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de fili\u00e8res locales pour la diffusion de technologies \u00e9conomes en bois de feu ou renouvelables dans les secteurs les plus \u00e9nergivores (conservation des p\u00eaches, autres processus post r\u00e9colte et micro-industriels: riz, huile de palme, sel, briques, chaux, pain, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Co\u00fbt mise en \u0153uvre Plan de d\u00e9placement urbain de Conakry", "answer_start": 141 @@ -33079,7 +34423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Source: according to IRENA Transport Development of passenger and freight transport by rail: at least 650 km of railway Simandou - Matakang Private financing Mining development in Simandou enables the \"trans-Guinean\" to emerge Implementation cost Conakry urban mobility plan USD 496 million by PDU Conakry Waste Capital cost of the waste collection and recovery project in Conakry Approximately USD 95 million Cost of annual management of the waste stream USD 11-17 million / year (between USD 90 and 140/tonne) UTCAFT Promotion and dissemination of efficient carbonization technologies: at least 5000 production units USD 8-20 million Need for South-South transfer of more advanced carbonization technologies to complement the Casamance mill Source: authors\u2019 estimate Construction of local channels for the dissemination of improved households to 50% of Guinean households by 2030", + "context": "Source : d\u2019apr\u00e8s IRENA Transports D\u00e9veloppement du transport de personnes et marchandises par rail : au moins 650 km de voie ferr\u00e9e Simandou - Matakang Financement priv\u00e9 Le d\u00e9veloppement minier de Simandou permet au \u201ctransguin\u00e9en\u201d de voir le jour Co\u00fbt mise en \u0153uvre Plan de d\u00e9placement urbain de Conakry 496 millions USD d\u2019ici PDU Conakry D\u00e9chets Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissement du projet de collecte et de valorisation des d\u00e9chets \u00e0 Conakry Environ 95 millions USD Co\u00fbt de la gestion annuelle de la fili\u00e8re d\u00e9chets 11 \u00e0 17 millions USD / an (entre 90 et 140 USD/tonne) UTCAFT Promotion et diffusion des technologies efficaces de carbonisation: au moins 5000 unit\u00e9s de production Entre 8 \u00e0 20 millions USD N\u00e9cessite du transfert Sud-Sud de technologies de carbonisation plus avanc\u00e9es pour compl\u00e9ter la meule casaman\u00e7aise Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de fili\u00e8res locales permettant la diffusion de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s domestiques aupr\u00e8s de 50% des m\u00e9nages guin\u00e9ens en 2030 Au moins 10 millions USD Les op\u00e9rateurs internationaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 accompagner la Guin\u00e9e dans un changement d\u2019\u00e9chelle Source : estimation des auteurs Structuration de fili\u00e8res locales pour la diffusion de technologies \u00e9conomes en bois de feu ou renouvelables dans les secteurs les plus \u00e9nergivores (conservation des p\u00eaches, autres processus post r\u00e9colte et micro-industriels: riz, huile de palme, sel, briques, chaux, pain, etc. ; restauration collective) 1-5 millions USD par fili\u00e8re Les op\u00e9rateurs internationaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 accompagner la Guin\u00e9e dans un changement d\u2019\u00e9chelle Source : estimation des auteursEncouragement des plantations \u00e9nergie \u00e0 finalit\u00e9s domestiques et commerciales 20 millions USD (sur Les cultures et sylviculture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques entrent dans les priorit\u00e9s du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019agriculture Appui \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de fili\u00e8res locales de biocombustibles renouvelables (briquettes, b\u00fbchettes, pellets, agrod\u00e9chets, \u00e9thanol, solaire thermique, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Co\u00fbt mise en \u0153uvre Plan de d\u00e9placement urbain de Conakry", "answer_start": 39 @@ -33127,7 +34471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the National Assembly, the Senate and the National Assembly, as well as to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human", + "context": "Para hacer frente a la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, el pa\u00eds requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n prioritarias, tales como: z Modernizaci\u00f3n de los servicios hidrometereol\u00f3gicos del pa\u00eds, que permitan mantener pron\u00f3sti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernizaci\u00f3n en sistemas de observaci\u00f3n, asimilaci\u00f3n y pron\u00f3sticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- g\u00edas, as\u00ed como la formaci\u00f3n de recursos humanos calificados. En el a\u00f1o 2021 se har\u00e1 efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnol\u00f3gico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pac\u00edfico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital.", "answer": { "text": "Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pac\u00edfico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital.", "answer_start": 85 @@ -33591,7 +34935,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 135 @@ -33607,7 +34951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 112 @@ -33623,7 +34967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 112 @@ -33639,7 +34983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 431 @@ -33655,7 +34999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 414 @@ -33671,7 +35015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 189 @@ -33687,7 +35031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 177 @@ -33703,7 +35047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "(ktoe) in 2030: 18.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: \u2022 Promotion of ISO 50001 standards completed \u2022 Training on implementation of energy management in industry organized \u2022 Certificates for energy auditors issued \u2022 USAID project for energy management in industry realized in 17 companies \u2022 UNIDO/GEF Project in which one of the activities is Program for energy management in industrial companies according to ISO 50001 standard and the UNIDO Methodology. Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies \u2022 Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) \u2022 Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries.", + "context": "This will enable prevention of defects, better process control and quicker response times in manufacturing using advanced data analysis and predictive technologies Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Energy Regulatory Commission \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 15.7 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 18.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: \u2022 Promotion of ISO 50001 standards completed \u2022 Training on implementation of energy management in industry organized \u2022 Certificates for energy auditors issued \u2022 USAID project for energy management in industry realized in 17 companies \u2022 UNIDO/GEF Project in which one of the activities is Program for energy management in industrial companies according to ISO 50001 standard and the UNIDO Methodology. Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies \u2022 Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) \u2022 Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 267 @@ -33719,7 +35063,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies \u2022 Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) \u2022 Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries. This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Energy Regulatory Commission \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used", + "context": "Initial results achieved in 12 companies and additionally Program for replications of the energy management systems realized in 5 companies \u2022 Continuation of the implementation of ISO 50001 standard in more industrial companies (manufacturing industries) \u2022 Implementation of obligatory energy audits Assumptions/ General comments: Improvement of the systems efficiency in manufacturing industries at annual rate of A-M-25: Introduction of efficient electric motorsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Main objective: Increase the competitiveness of the industrial products through improvement of the efficiency in the production process and reducing the resources Description: Electric motors are responsible for a high share of the total electricity consumption in industries. This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Energy Regulatory Commission \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies \u2022 Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of efficient electric motors", "answer_start": 57 @@ -33735,7 +35079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 140 @@ -33751,7 +35095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 117 @@ -33767,7 +35111,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 117 @@ -33783,7 +35127,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment", + "context": "Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3).", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 146 @@ -33799,7 +35143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps,", + "context": "General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3). Having in mind that most of the emissions are coming from the Energy sector, the reduction of 72% in the total net GHG emissions can be achieved if the emissions in the Energy sector are reduced by 64% in 2050, compared to 1990 level.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 99 @@ -33879,7 +35223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 443 @@ -33895,7 +35239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 426 @@ -33911,7 +35255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 87 @@ -33927,7 +35271,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 75 @@ -33943,7 +35287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Energy Regulatory Commission \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies \u2022 Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits.", + "context": "This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Energy Regulatory Commission \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies \u2022 Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 216 @@ -33959,7 +35303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits. In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in", + "context": "Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits. In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 \u2022 Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 \u2022 Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 \u2022 Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 \u2022 Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) \u2022 Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) \u2022 Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR.", "answer": { "text": "Introduction of more advanced technologies", "answer_start": 31 @@ -33975,7 +35319,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 145 @@ -33991,7 +35335,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 122 @@ -34007,7 +35351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 122 @@ -34023,7 +35367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector,", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 457 @@ -34039,7 +35383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector,", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 440 @@ -34055,7 +35399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 242 @@ -34071,7 +35415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 230 @@ -34087,7 +35431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 \u2022 Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 \u2022 Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 \u2022 Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 \u2022 Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) \u2022 Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) \u2022 Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measure Assumptions/ General comments: The share of more advanced technologies by 2040 is 60% from all technologies A-M-27: Increased use of the railway Main objective: Improve the energy efficiency in the transport sector using cheap and efficient railway transport Description: Although the rail transport is cheap, official statistical data show that in the last three years there is a downward trend.", + "context": "In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 \u2022 Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 \u2022 Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia \u2022 Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 \u2022 Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 \u2022 Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) \u2022 Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) \u2022 Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measure Assumptions/ General comments: The share of more advanced technologies by 2040 is 60% from all technologies A-M-27: Increased use of the railway Main objective: Improve the energy efficiency in the transport sector using cheap and efficient railway transport Description: Although the rail transport is cheap, official statistical data show that in the last three years there is a downward trend.", "answer": { "text": "Increased use of the railway", "answer_start": 273 @@ -34119,7 +35463,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 150 @@ -34135,7 +35479,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 127 @@ -34151,7 +35495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 127 @@ -34167,7 +35511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 466 @@ -34183,7 +35527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 449 @@ -34199,7 +35543,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 270 @@ -34215,7 +35559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of the national car fleet", "answer_start": 258 @@ -34263,7 +35607,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 156 @@ -34279,7 +35623,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 133 @@ -34295,7 +35639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 133 @@ -34311,7 +35655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 482 @@ -34327,7 +35671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 465 @@ -34343,7 +35687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 50 @@ -34359,7 +35703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 38 @@ -34375,7 +35719,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In addition, advanced technologies such as diesel and gasoline HEV will be used with a share of 35% in the total passenger km from cars by 2040. A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy", + "context": "In addition, advanced technologies such as diesel and gasoline HEV will be used with a share of 35% in the total passenger km from cars by 2040. A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted \u2022 Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 28 @@ -34391,7 +35735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax by-laws to", + "context": "A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted \u2022 Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area. People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Local self-government \u2022 End-users Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented \u2022 Systems for bicycles renting implemented \u2022 Bicycles tracks constructed \u2022 Zonal parking implemented \u2022 New multi-level car parks constructed \u2022 Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles \u2022 Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 \u2022 Tender for the second phase is announced \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 \u2022 Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M\u20ac (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the \u201cStudy on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures\u201d should be implemented: \u2022 Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 \u2022 Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted \u2022 Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles \u2022 Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid.", "answer": { "text": "Renewing of other national road fleet", "answer_start": 1 @@ -34407,7 +35751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 169 @@ -34423,7 +35767,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 146 @@ -34439,7 +35783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 146 @@ -34455,7 +35799,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 512 @@ -34471,7 +35815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 495 @@ -34487,7 +35831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 214 @@ -34503,7 +35847,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 202 @@ -34519,7 +35863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 178 @@ -34535,7 +35879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 155 @@ -34551,7 +35895,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 155 @@ -34567,7 +35911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment", + "context": "Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3).", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 181 @@ -34583,7 +35927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps,", + "context": "General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on \u2018Current Policy\u2019 scenario of WEO Based on \u2018Sustainable development\u2019 scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3). Having in mind that most of the emissions are coming from the Energy sector, the reduction of 72% in the total net GHG emissions can be achieved if the emissions in the Energy sector are reduced by 64% in 2050, compared to 1990 level.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 134 @@ -34631,7 +35975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019,", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 532 @@ -34647,7 +35991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019,", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 515 @@ -34679,7 +36023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 32 @@ -34695,7 +36039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 20 @@ -34711,7 +36055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Tender for the second phase is announced \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 \u2022 Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M\u20ac (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the \u201cStudy on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures\u201d should be implemented: \u2022 Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 \u2022 Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive", + "context": "A-M-29: Renewing of other national road fleet Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: This measure anticipates introduction of a regulation that will enable renewal of the vehicle fleet of light duty and heavy goods vehicles and buses Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatoryLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Private companies Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax by-laws to be adopted \u2022 Successive implementation of EURO standards (EU new standard is a EURO 6, while in RN Macedonia is EURO 4) for import of new EE vehicles Finance: Budget: 2.300 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is assumed that only new advanced vehicles such as HEVs that meet EU standards for exhaust fumes will be sold A-M-30: Advanced mobility Main objective: Reduction of the local air pollution Description: The measure includes conducting campaigns/providing subsidies and systems for use of new or rented bicycles, electric scooters, promoting walking, and introduction of parking policies that would reduce the use of cars in the city area. People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Local self-government \u2022 End-users Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented \u2022 Systems for bicycles renting implemented \u2022 Bicycles tracks constructed \u2022 Zonal parking implemented \u2022 New multi-level car parks constructed \u2022 Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles \u2022 Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 \u2022 Tender for the second phase is announced \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 \u2022 Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M\u20ac (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the \u201cStudy on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures\u201d should be implemented: \u2022 Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 \u2022 Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted \u2022 Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles \u2022 Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 879 @@ -34727,7 +36071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Tender for the second phase is announced \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 \u2022 Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M\u20ac (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the \u201cStudy on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures\u201d should be implemented: \u2022 Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 \u2022 Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive", + "context": "People, especially in smaller towns where a lot of them use cars for short distances, would increase the use of bicycles/electric scooters or walking Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, regulatory Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Decisions made by municipalities to subsidize buying of new bicycles Implementing entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy AgencyLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Local self-government \u2022 End-users Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Local self-government GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 1.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Subsidies and campaigns for buying new bicycles/electric scooters implemented \u2022 Systems for bicycles renting implemented \u2022 Bicycles tracks constructed \u2022 Zonal parking implemented \u2022 New multi-level car parks constructed \u2022 Continue the implementation of the campaigns and subsidies for buying new bicycles and renting bicycles \u2022 Continue the construction of new bicycles tracks Finance: Budget: Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040, 3% of short distance passenger kilometres will be replaced by walking, using bicycles or electric scooters A-M-31: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Main objective: Connecting the RN Macedonia with the Republic of Bulgaria and extending the export to external markets, not just in the neighbouring countries but in the Southeast Europe and Turkey region, using the railway transport Description: Construction of the railway to Republic of Bulgaria Implementation period: 2023 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical, policy Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 Work Program of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 National Transport Strategy Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Transport and CommunicationsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 10.2 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 8.2 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) is under construction, 67% constructed at the end of 2019 \u2022 Tender for the second phase is announced \u2022 First phase (Kumanovo - Beljakovce) to be finished by the end of 2020 \u2022 Tender for the third phase to be announced Finance: Budget: 720 M\u20ac (infrastructure + trains) Source of finance: Central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: By 2040 up to 5% of the tonne kilometres (to the Republic of Bulgaria) of the heavy goods vehicles will be replaced by the railroad transport A-M-32: Electrification of the transport Main objective: Transition from society based on fossil fuels to low carbon society, where the renewable energy and electrification of the transport will play the most important role Description: At least the following measures recommended in the \u201cStudy on the transport sector, analysis of policies and measures\u201d should be implemented: \u2022 Direct subsidizing of electric vehicles, 5000 EUR in the period 2020-2023 \u2022 Obligation to place fast chargers at all gas stations on motorways (at every 100 km by 2020) Implementation period: 2020 \u2013 2040 Type of policy instrument: Regulatory, policy, information Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: \u2022 National Transport Strategy \u2022 Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 \u2022 Law on vehicles \u2022 Law on vehicle tax Implementing entity: \u2022 Government of the Republic of North Macedonia \u2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency Monitoring entity: \u2022 Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency \u2022 Ministry of interior GHG(s) affected (if applicable):Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 30.5 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 20.9 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: \u2022 Chargers installed at specific locations in the City of Skopje \u2022 Law on vehicles adopted (August 2019) \u2022 Law on vehicle tax and by-laws adopted \u2022 Exemption from paying excise duty for electric vehicles \u2022 Development of studies for determining the best locations for installation of electric vehicles chargers from the aspect of the power grid. \u2022 Money from the budget should be allocated for the realization of the Program for subsidizing new vehicles Finance: Budget: 5058.5 M\u20ac Source of finance: Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy strategy up to 2040, NECP; 3rd BUR Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that by 2040 the share of electric vehicles and \u201cplug-in\u201d hybrid electric vehicles in the total passenger km from cars will be 45% A-M-33: Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Main objective: Decrease level of CH4 emission from enteric fermentation in highly productive dairy cows Description: By modification of the feed composition and nutrition practice in dairy cows, the emission of CH4 due to enteric fermentation can be reduced by 20%.", "answer": { "text": "Electrification of the transport", "answer_start": 549 @@ -34743,7 +36087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response)", "answer_start": 304 @@ -34759,7 +36103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response)", "answer_start": 282 @@ -34775,7 +36119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity development", "answer_start": 326 @@ -34791,7 +36135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity development", "answer_start": 304 @@ -34823,7 +36167,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to", + "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.", "answer": { "text": "Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet", "answer_start": 90 @@ -34951,7 +36295,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: \u2022 Fulla (1800 MW) \u2022 Shukoli (3.5 MW) \u2022 Beden (400 MW) \u2022 Lakki (210 MW) \u2022 Sue (12 MW) \u2022 Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project \u2013 Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) \u2013 Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves \u2013 Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles \u2013 Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) \u2013 Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation \u2013 10 Conserve forests", + "context": "The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: \u2022 Fulla (1800 MW) \u2022 Shukoli (3.5 MW) \u2022 Beden (400 MW) \u2022 Lakki (210 MW) \u2022 Sue (12 MW) \u2022 Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project \u2013 Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) \u2013 Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves \u2013 Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles \u2013 Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) \u2013 Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation \u2013 10 Conserve forests through implementation of REDD+ programme and promote alternate livelihoods \u2013 Reforestation (in degraded areas and outside forest areas) \u2013 9 Data provided by the Government of South SudanNDC financing requirements 155 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Forestry Awareness raising and capacity- building on forest conservation and REDD+ \u2013 Review Forest Policy \u2013 Conduct forestry research (identification and development of fast-growing tree species, information dissemination) \u2013 Promote agroforestry \u2013 8 Biodiversity, ecosystem and wetland management Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands for improved carbon sequestration Wetland survey and mapping 10 Create buffer zones along wetland areas Financing for additional mitigation strategies (estimated using marginal abatement cost curves) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries Efficient soil and livestock management 18% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2017 levels Waste Landfill gas recovery, composting of organic waste and engineered wastewater management 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Tourism and recreation Composting of organic waste, promotion of sustainable food and EVs in the sector 66% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Marginal abatement cost curves showcase the marginal costs of achieving a cumulative level of emission abatement in order, from least to most expensive mitigation technology or measures (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).", "answer": { "text": "Establish emissions standards for vehicles", "answer_start": 122 @@ -34983,7 +36327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/South%20Sudan's%20Second%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf", - "context": "The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: \u2022 Fulla (1800 MW) \u2022 Shukoli (3.5 MW) \u2022 Beden (400 MW) \u2022 Lakki (210 MW) \u2022 Sue (12 MW) \u2022 Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project \u2013 Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) \u2013 Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves \u2013 Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles \u2013 Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) \u2013 Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation \u2013 10 Conserve forests", + "context": "The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: \u2022 Fulla (1800 MW) \u2022 Shukoli (3.5 MW) \u2022 Beden (400 MW) \u2022 Lakki (210 MW) \u2022 Sue (12 MW) \u2022 Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project \u2013 Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) \u2013 Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves \u2013 Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles \u2013 Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) \u2013 Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation \u2013 10 Conserve forests through implementation of REDD+ programme and promote alternate livelihoods \u2013 Reforestation (in degraded areas and outside forest areas) \u2013 9 Data provided by the Government of South SudanNDC financing requirements 155 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Forestry Awareness raising and capacity- building on forest conservation and REDD+ \u2013 Review Forest Policy \u2013 Conduct forestry research (identification and development of fast-growing tree species, information dissemination) \u2013 Promote agroforestry \u2013 8 Biodiversity, ecosystem and wetland management Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands for improved carbon sequestration Wetland survey and mapping 10 Create buffer zones along wetland areas Financing for additional mitigation strategies (estimated using marginal abatement cost curves) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries Efficient soil and livestock management 18% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2017 levels Waste Landfill gas recovery, composting of organic waste and engineered wastewater management 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Tourism and recreation Composting of organic waste, promotion of sustainable food and EVs in the sector 66% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Marginal abatement cost curves showcase the marginal costs of achieving a cumulative level of emission abatement in order, from least to most expensive mitigation technology or measures (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).", "answer": { "text": "Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars)", "answer_start": 128 @@ -34999,7 +36343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "At the national level, the various adaptation measures will mainly contribute to the operationalization of the National Development Plan; they are also part of the dynamics of the Government\u2019s Roadmap 2025 and will contribute as a priority to Project 35 (response to major climate risks) and Project 36 (green mobility programme).", + "context": "Par ailleurs des mesures identifi\u00e9es contribueront \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des cadres visant \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019adaptation au niveau national et international. Au niveau national, les diff\u00e9rentes mesures d\u2019adaptation, contribueront essentiellement \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation du Plan national de d\u00e9veloppement. Elles s\u2019inscrivent \u00e9galement dans la dynamique de la feuille de route 2025 du Gouvernement et contribueront prioritairement au projet 35 (r\u00e9ponse aux principaux risques climatiques) et au projet 36 (programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte).", "answer": { "text": "Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte", "answer_start": 68 @@ -35015,7 +36359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "They are also part of the dynamics of the Government\u2019s Roadmap 2025 and will contribute as a priority to Project 35 (response to major climate risks) and Project 36 (green mobility programme), and in this Roadmap they also target Projects 2 and 3 (establishment of the single social register, establishment of universal health coverage), Project 5 (continuation of the electrification policy for all), Project 6 (increased access to drinking water and sanitation), Projects 12, 13, 14 and 15 (improvement of agricultural yields, extension of the rural road network, acceleration of the MIFA, expansion of the Kara agro-industrial complex in partnership with the private sector).", + "context": "Elles s\u2019inscrivent \u00e9galement dans la dynamique de la feuille de route 2025 du Gouvernement et contribueront prioritairement au projet 35 (r\u00e9ponse aux principaux risques climatiques) et au projet 36 (programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte). Elles ciblent \u00e9galement dans cette feuille de route les projets 2 et 3 (mise en place du registre social unique, mise en place de la couverture sant\u00e9 universelle), le projet 5 (poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous), le projet 6 (augmentation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement), les projets 12, 13, 14 et 15 (am\u00e9lioration des rendements agricoles, extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural, acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du MIFA, agrandissement de l\u2019agropole de Kara en partenariat avec le priv\u00e9).", "answer": { "text": "Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte", "answer_start": 30 @@ -35031,7 +36375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the national energy efficiency in transport programme, mandatory technical inspection and eco-driving training are measures that contribute to achieving the objectives of the CBD. Table 8: Total investment costs of the transport subsector Revised CBD actions Investment costs Conditional Conditional Investment cost Total % Costs % Costs Implementation cost Green mobility programme Improvement of road infrastructure to reduce congestion in urban centres Source: CBD Support Project, September 2021 The total financial requirements in the transport subsector are estimated to result in a cumulative emission reduction of 9,960.04 Gg CO2-eq over the period 2020-2030 compared to a business as usual scenario through the projects listed in the annex. 5.1.1.3. Residential subsector Residential and commercial locations contribute to GHG emissions due to the level of energy consumption.", + "context": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Co\u00fbts d\u2019investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es Co\u00fbts d\u2019investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissem ent Total % Co\u00fbts % Co\u00fbts Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est \u00e9valu\u00e9 engendrer une r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030 par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario \u00ab business as usual \u00bb \u00e0 travers les projets d\u00e9clin\u00e9s en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur r\u00e9sidentiel Les lieux de r\u00e9sidence et de commerce contribuent aux \u00e9missions des GES \u00e0 cause du niveau de consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie.", "answer": { "text": "Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte", "answer_start": 62 @@ -35047,7 +36391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the national energy efficiency in transport programme, mandatory technical inspection and eco-driving training are measures that contribute to achieving the objectives of the CBD. Table 8: Total investment costs of the transport subsector Revised CBD actions Investment costs Conditional Conditional Investment cost Total % Costs % Costs Implementation cost Green mobility programme Improvement of road infrastructure to reduce congestion in urban centres Source: CBD Support Project, September 2021 The total financial requirements in the transport subsector are estimated to result in a cumulative emission reduction of 9,960.04 Gg CO2-eq over the period 2020-2030 compared to a business as usual scenario through the projects listed in the annex. 5.1.1.3. Residential subsector Residential and commercial locations contribute to GHG emissions due to the level of energy consumption.", + "context": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Co\u00fbts d\u2019investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es Co\u00fbts d\u2019investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissem ent Total % Co\u00fbts % Co\u00fbts Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est \u00e9valu\u00e9 engendrer une r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030 par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario \u00ab business as usual \u00bb \u00e0 travers les projets d\u00e9clin\u00e9s en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur r\u00e9sidentiel Les lieux de r\u00e9sidence et de commerce contribuent aux \u00e9missions des GES \u00e0 cause du niveau de consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 66 @@ -35063,7 +36407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs identified in this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydropower Plant (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydropower Plant (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Urban Congestion Reduction Road Infrastructure Improvement (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (BTSD) Technology Action Plan Road Transportation Standards Implementation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IAPS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan (OATP) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 Water", + "context": "\u00af Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable, 2) r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 111 @@ -35079,7 +36423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs arising from this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydroelectric Generating Station (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydroelectric Generating Station (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Improvement of Urban Congestion-Free Road Infrastructure (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (DTCB) Technology Action Plan Implementation of Standards for Road Transportation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IPAS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan 26,442 3,9663 30", + "context": "Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d\u2019inflation et de co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre, ce montant sera major\u00e9 de 15% du capital.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 84 @@ -35255,7 +36599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In 2050, between 70% and 90% of households report carrying out activities to have more sustainable housing. 4. Promoting sustainable mobility a. Promoting alternatives to sustainable mobility (public transport, bicycles, electric vehicles) and ensuring the infrastructure necessary for citizens to adopt sustainable mobility (efficient public transport, cycle lanes, electric charging stations for vehicles). In 2050, between 40% and 50% of the population of capital cities are mobilising in inclusive and alternative means of transport to work or study. 5.", + "context": "En 2050, entre el 70 % y 90 % de los hogares reporta llevar a cabo actividades para tener una vivienda m\u00e1s sostenible. 4. Promoci\u00f3n de una movilidad sostenible a. Promover alternativas de movilidad sostenible (transporte p\u00fablico, bicicleta, ve- h\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos) as\u00ed como asegurar la infrae- structura necesaria para que los ciudadanos puedan adoptar una movilidad sostenible (transporte p\u00fablico eficiente, ciclorutas, esta- ciones de carga el\u00e9ctrica para veh\u00edculos). En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la poblaci\u00f3n de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5.", "answer": { "text": "En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la poblaci\u00f3n de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio", "answer_start": 68 @@ -35271,7 +36615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In 2050, between 40% and 50% of the population of capital cities will use inclusive and alternative means of transport to travel to work or study sites. 5. Promoting sustainable consumption habits a. Developing information and awareness programmes for consumers on sustainability criteria for the consumption of goods and services and their importance, as well as options for consumption habits (community choices, consumption of necessities and criteria in line with the circular economy, among others). In 2050, the number of Colombians who report taking sustainability criteria into account when consuming has increased between 40% and 60% compared to the baseline of 2020. 6.", + "context": "En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la poblaci\u00f3n de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5. Promoci\u00f3n de h\u00e1bitos de consumo sostenibles a. Desarrollar programas de informaci\u00f3n y sensibilizaci\u00f3n para consumidores sobre crite- rios de sostenibilidad en el consumo de bienes y servicios y su importancia, as\u00ed como las op- ciones en los h\u00e1bitos de consumo (bienes com- partidos, consumir lo necesario y criterios en l\u00ednea con la econom\u00eda circular, entre otros). En 2050, el n\u00famero de colombianos que reporta tener en cuenta criterios de sostenibilidad al momento de consumir ha aumentado entre el 40 % y 60 % respecto a l\u00ednea base de 2020. 6.", "answer": { "text": "En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la poblaci\u00f3n de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio", "answer_start": 0 @@ -35287,7 +36631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "1.4. In 2030, at least 8% of the country's public transportation fleet will be zero emissions. Carbon black Carbon black Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Nationally Determined Contribution of Costa Rica 2020 Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition1.6. By 2025, the country will have adopted standards to migrate to a zero-emission motorcycle fleet and stabilize the growth of the motorcycle fleet. 1.7. In 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8.", + "context": "Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren El\u00e9ctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n para el a\u00f1o 2022. 1.4. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte p\u00fablico del pa\u00eds ser\u00e1 cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa1.6. Para el a\u00f1o 2025, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 adoptado est\u00e1ndares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilizaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte p\u00fablico del pa\u00eds ser\u00e1 cero emisiones.", "answer_start": 23 @@ -35303,7 +36647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "In the year 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014 private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8. In the year 2025, the establishment of sustainable logistics models will be initiated in the main ports, urban areas and logistics consolidation centres of the country, in accordance with the National Strategic Plan Costa Rica 2050.", + "context": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8. En el a\u00f1o 2025 se habr\u00e1 iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de log\u00edstica sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica del pa\u00eds, en consonancia con el Plan Estrat\u00e9gico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el a\u00f1o 2030, se habr\u00e1 ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, se habr\u00e1 ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual.", "answer_start": 90 @@ -35319,7 +36663,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "1.4. In 2030, at least 8% of the country's public transportation fleet will be zero emissions. Carbon black Carbon black Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Nationally Determined Contribution of Costa Rica 2020 Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition1.6. By 2025, the country will have adopted standards to migrate to a zero-emission motorcycle fleet and stabilize the growth of the motorcycle fleet. 1.7. In 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8.", + "context": "Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren El\u00e9ctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n para el a\u00f1o 2022. 1.4. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte p\u00fablico del pa\u00eds ser\u00e1 cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa1.6. Para el a\u00f1o 2025, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 adoptado est\u00e1ndares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilizaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8.", "answer": { "text": "Para el a\u00f1o 2025, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 adoptado est\u00e1ndares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilizaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas.", "answer_start": 78 @@ -35335,7 +36679,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "1.4. In 2030, at least 8% of the country's public transportation fleet will be zero emissions. Carbon black Carbon black Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Nationally Determined Contribution of Costa Rica 2020 Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition Carbon black Fair Transition1.6. By 2025, the country will have adopted standards to migrate to a zero-emission motorcycle fleet and stabilize the growth of the motorcycle fleet. 1.7. In 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8.", + "context": "Durante el periodo de cumplimiento de esta NDC, el Tren El\u00e9ctrico Limonense de Carga (TELCA) estar\u00e1 en operaci\u00f3n para el a\u00f1o 2022. 1.4. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de transporte p\u00fablico del pa\u00eds ser\u00e1 cero emisiones. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa1.6. Para el a\u00f1o 2025, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 adoptado est\u00e1ndares para migrar hacia una flota de motocicletas cero emisiones y la estabilizaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de flota de motocicletas. 1.7. En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica.", "answer_start": 106 @@ -35351,7 +36695,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "In the year 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014 private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8. In the year 2025, the establishment of sustainable logistics models will be initiated in the main ports, urban areas and logistics consolidation centres of the country, in accordance with the National Strategic Plan Costa Rica 2050.", + "context": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8. En el a\u00f1o 2025 se habr\u00e1 iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de log\u00edstica sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica del pa\u00eds, en consonancia con el Plan Estrat\u00e9gico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el a\u00f1o 2030, se habr\u00e1 ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -35367,7 +36711,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "In the year 2030, at least 8% of the fleet of light vehicles \u2014 private and institutional \u2014 will be electric. 1.8. In the year 2025, the establishment of sustainable logistics models will be initiated in the main ports, urban areas and logistics consolidation centres of the country, in accordance with the National Strategic Plan Costa Rica 2050.", + "context": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, al menos el 8% de la flota de veh\u00edculos ligeros \u2014privados e institucionales\u2014 ser\u00e1 el\u00e9ctrica. 1.8. En el a\u00f1o 2025 se habr\u00e1 iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de log\u00edstica sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica del pa\u00eds, en consonancia con el Plan Estrat\u00e9gico Nacional Costa Rica 2050. PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 1.5. En el a\u00f1o 2030, se habr\u00e1 ampliado y mejorado la infraestructura para aumentar en al menos un 5% los viajes en movilidad no motorizada (incluyendo movilidad peatonal y en bicicleta) con respecto a la trayectoria actual. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2025 se habr\u00e1 iniciado el establecimiento de modelos de log\u00edstica sostenible en los principales puertos, zonas urbanas y centros de consolidaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica del pa\u00eds, en consonancia con el Plan Estrat\u00e9gico Nacional Costa Rica 2050.", "answer_start": 20 @@ -35383,7 +36727,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "This will be an enabler to close social and economic gaps through digital practices such as teleworking, electronic commerce and virtual tourism (which reduce the need for travel), increasing national economic efficiency and dynamism.", + "context": "Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Carbono negro Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Carbono negro 1.9. Al a\u00f1o 2030, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 reducido significativamente su brecha digital y tecnol\u00f3gica, con particular \u00e9nfasis en poblaciones social y econ\u00f3micamente vulnerables, mediante un modelo solidario, contemplando aspectos como conectividad a Internet, equipamiento y apropiaci\u00f3n digital. Esto ser\u00e1 un habilitador para cerrar las brechas sociales y econ\u00f3micas mediante pr\u00e1cticas digitales como teletrabajo, comercio electr\u00f3nico y turismo virtual (que reducen la necesidad de desplazamientos), aumentando la eficiencia y el dinamismo econ\u00f3mico nacional. Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada y ordenamiento territorial Costa Rica se compromete a impulsar un ordenamiento espacial del territorio que contribuya decididamente a reducir el riesgo clim\u00e1tico en las diferentes regiones del pa\u00eds, comprendiendo que los diversos territorios presentan condiciones dis\u00edmiles entre s\u00ed, y que adem\u00e1s contribuya a catalizar un desarrollo territorial basado en la descarbonizaci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Al a\u00f1o 2030, el pa\u00eds habr\u00e1 reducido significativamente su brecha digital y tecnol\u00f3gica, con particular \u00e9nfasis en poblaciones social y econ\u00f3micamente vulnerables, mediante un modelo solidario, contemplando aspectos como conectividad a Internet, equipamiento y apropiaci\u00f3n digital. Esto ser\u00e1 un habilitador para cerrar las brechas sociales y econ\u00f3micas mediante pr\u00e1cticas digitales como teletrabajo, comercio electr\u00f3nico y turismo virtual (que reducen la necesidad de desplazamientos), aumentando la eficiencia y el dinamismo econ\u00f3mico nacional.", "answer_start": 22 @@ -35399,7 +36743,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "In this regard, the Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to prohibit corporal punishment of children in the family, in schools and in institutions, and to ensure that corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings, including in the home.", + "context": "Carbono negro Carbono negro Carbono negro ENMIENDA DE kigali Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa3.5. Para el a\u00f1o 2022 Costa Rica habr\u00e1 desarrollado una estrategia para el desarrollo y promoci\u00f3n del hidr\u00f3geno verde en el pa\u00eds. 3.6. Durante el per\u00edodo de implementaci\u00f3n de esta contribuci\u00f3n, Costa Rica impulsar\u00e1 que se eleve a rango de ley la moratoria de exploraci\u00f3n y explotaci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos en el territorio nacional. Carbono negro Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 3.4. Para el a\u00f1o 2030, las medidas de sustituci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducir\u00e1n las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.", "answer": { "text": "Para el a\u00f1o 2030, las medidas de sustituci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducir\u00e1n las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.", "answer_start": 109 @@ -35415,7 +36759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "By 2030, technological replacement and energy efficiency measures in the passenger, freight and industrial transport sectors will reduce black carbon emissions by 20% compared to 2018 emissions.Black carbon Impact on well-being CONTRIBUTION Fair transition Fair transition Fair transition Convention on Biological Diversity OPPORTUNITIES COMMUNITIES AFRONationally Determined Contribution Nationally Determined Contribution Costa Rica is committed to transforming its infrastructure system into a resilient, sustainable one with high efficiency standards and low emission processes, incorporating solutions based on nature and favouring the circular economy.", + "context": "Para el a\u00f1o 2030, las medidas de sustituci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducir\u00e1n las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018. Carbono negro Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa Convenio Diversidad biol\u00f3gica PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFROContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada Costa Rica est\u00e1 comprometida con transformar su sistema de infraestructura hacia uno resiliente, sostenible con est\u00e1ndares de alta eficiencia y procesos bajos en emisiones, que incorpore soluciones basadas en la naturaleza y privilegie la econom\u00eda circular.", "answer": { "text": "Para el a\u00f1o 2030, las medidas de sustituci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en los sectores de transporte de pasajeros, de carga e industrial reducir\u00e1n las emisiones de carbono negro un 20% con respecto a las emisiones del 2018.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -35511,7 +36855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS_Finland_Oct2020.pdf", - "context": "The low-emission scenarios were assigned a number of energy and climate policy targets for 2030, including: a 39% GHG emission reduction target for the effort sharing sector compared to 2005 emission levels; phasing out the use of coal for energy by 2029; cutting back the use of peat at least by half by 2030; share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth); a 10% bioliquid blending obligation for light fuel oil used in building-specific heating and for diesel oil used in mobile machinery, with linear growth between 2020 and 2030; the number of electric vehicles at least 250,000 (full electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, plug-in hybrids) and, correspondingly, that of gas-powered vehicles at least 50,000 a 38% minimum share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020 and, correspondingly, a 50% minimum target for renewable energy in 2030; a 55% self-sufficiency target for energy supply in 2030 and halving the use of imported oil for energy purposes. More detailed assumptions for the scenarios are presented in Chapter 4 of a Finnish-language research report entitled \u2018Carbon neutral Finland 2035 \u2013 Scenarios and impact assessments\u2019.2.3 Estimated", + "context": "The low-emission scenarios were assigned a number of energy and climate policy targets for 2030, including: a 39% GHG emission reduction target for the effort sharing sector compared to 2005 emission levels; phasing out the use of coal for energy by 2029; cutting back the use of peat at least by half by 2030; share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth); a 10% bioliquid blending obligation for light fuel oil used in building-specific heating and for diesel oil used in mobile machinery, with linear growth between 2020 and 2030; the number of electric vehicles at least 250,000 (full electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, plug-in hybrids) and, correspondingly, that of gas-powered vehicles at least 50,000 a 38% minimum share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020 and, correspondingly, a 50% minimum target for renewable energy in 2030; a 55% self-sufficiency target for energy supply in 2030 and halving the use of imported oil for energy purposes. More detailed assumptions for the scenarios are presented in Chapter 4 of a Finnish-language research report entitled \u2018Carbon neutral Finland 2035 \u2013 Scenarios and impact assessments\u2019.2.3 Estimated trends in emissions and removals by 2050 Figure 1 presents the trends in Finland\u2019s GHG emissions by main source under the basic scenario (WEM) and under the two low-emission scenarios (excluding LULUCF).", "answer": { "text": "share of biofuels in road transport energy consumption at 13.5% of the energy content part in 2020 and at 30% in 2030 (linear growth)", "answer_start": 54 @@ -35527,7 +36871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "The dissemination of electric vehicles in Luxembourg depends, of course, on the more or less rapid development of the international car market, but also on national measures to promote and put in place the appropriate charging infrastructure. The aim is to achieve a complete decarbonisation of the national car fleet by 2050. Luxembourg has opted for the development of a common national infrastructure of public charging points for electric vehicles.157 The expected increase in these vehicles must be accompanied continuously by an increasingly dense network of public charging points, because the success of electromobility also depends on the comfort of recharging an electric vehicle.", + "context": "La diffusion des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques au Luxembourg d\u00e9pend bien entendu de l\u2019\u00e9volution plus ou moins rapide du march\u00e9 automobile international, mais aussi de mesures nationales de promotion et de mise en place de l\u2019infrastructure de recharge ad\u00e9quate. La mission consiste \u00e0 parvenir une d\u00e9carbonisation compl\u00e8te du parc automobile national \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050. Le Luxembourg a opt\u00e9 pour l\u2019am\u00e9nagement d\u2019une infrastructure nationale commune de bornes de charge publiques pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques157. La hausse escompt\u00e9e de ces v\u00e9hicules doit \u00eatre continuellement accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de plus en plus dense de points de charge publics, car le succ\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00e9lectromobilit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend aussi de l\u2019aisance de la recharge d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique.", "answer": { "text": "La mission consiste \u00e0 parvenir une d\u00e9carbonisation compl\u00e8te du parc automobile national \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050", "answer_start": 37 @@ -35543,7 +36887,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "It should be noted that the RGTR concession contracts contain incentives and requirements at the operational level (consumption management and optimisation or training in eco-driving) and for rolling stock. Following positive feedback with electric buses153, the coalition agreement provides for the objective of achieving zero emissions on the RGTR network by 2030.154 In this context, it should be noted that the rail network is almost completely electrified and operators exclusively renewable electricity is supplied. Building on these achievements, efforts to develop the mobility network in a multimodal, quantitative and qualitative way must be continued or even intensified in the medium and long term within the framework of the abovementioned national mobility plan.", + "context": "A noter que les contrats de concession du RGTR contiennent des incitations et exigences au niveau de l\u2019exploitation (ma\u00eetrise et optimisation des consommations ou formation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9co-conduite) et du mat\u00e9riel roulant. Suite \u00e0 des retours positifs avec des autobus \u00e9lectriques153, l\u2019accord de coalition pr\u00e9voit l\u2019objectif d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission sur le r\u00e9seau RGTR d\u2019ici 2030154. Dans ce contexte, il y a lieu de relever que le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire est quasi int\u00e9gralement \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9 et que les op\u00e9rateurs s\u2019approvisionnent exclusivement en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue de sources renouvelables. S\u2019appuyant sur ces accomplissements, les efforts d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement multimodal, quantitatif et qualitatif du r\u00e9seau de mobilit\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre poursuivis voire intensifi\u00e9s \u00e0 moyen et long terme dans le cadre du plan national de mobilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cit\u00e9.", "answer": { "text": "l\u2019objectif d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission sur le r\u00e9seau RGTR d\u2019ici 2030", "answer_start": 44 @@ -35559,7 +36903,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", - "context": "SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration -", + "context": "SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2).", "answer": { "text": "Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population)", "answer_start": 122 @@ -35575,7 +36919,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", - "context": "Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001", + "context": "Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2). More effort and investment are being put in place by Namibia to achieve this goal in Namibia\u2019s forest areas.", "answer": { "text": "Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population)", "answer_start": 113 @@ -35591,7 +36935,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", - "context": "SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration -", + "context": "SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM ALL MEASURES. Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2).", "answer": { "text": "Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20%", "answer_start": 149 @@ -35607,7 +36951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Namibia's%20Updated%20NDC_%20FINAL%2025%20July%202021.pdf", - "context": "Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001", + "context": "Measure Mitigation % of BAU scenario in 2030 Energy Electricity generation: 1) Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (REFIT) 70 MW PV - replacing imports plus Ruacana 0.246 1.12 2) Solar Rooftop systems (45 MW PV) - replacing imports 0.016 0.07 3) Embedded generation - 13 MW PV replacing imports 0.005 0.02 4) Solar power - Omburu 20 MW PV - replacing imports & 20 MW Solar IPP Power Plant 0.014 0.06 5) Wind power - Luderitz Wind 40 MW replacing imports & 50 MW Wind IPP Power Plant 0.022 0.05 6) Biomass Energy plant 40MW - replacing imports 0.007 0.11 8) Solar Thermal Road Map - 20 000 Solar Water heaters (SWH) Transport: 9) Promote passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards (in 80 % of total passenger vehicle population) 11) Fuel switching to low-carbon fuels - Hydrogen replacing diesel 0.946 3.59 12) Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20% 0.684 3.11 IPPU including RAC Industry: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Climate-friendly and energy-efficient alternatives): 14) Split residential air conditioners \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) 0.015 0.07 15) Car air conditioning \u2013 safe disposal of old car ACs 0.0002 0.00116) Domestic refrigeration - R600a (isobutane) and safe disposal of old refrigerators 0.001 17) Commercial refrigeration (Stand-alone equipment) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.003 18) Commercial refrigeration (Condensing units) \u2013 switch to R290 (propane) and R744 (CO2) and safe disposal of old equipment 0.011 AFOLU 22) Plant 10,000 ha of trees per year under Agroforestry 0.358 1.63 23) Plant 5,000 ha of trees under Urban Forestry 1.056 4.80 Waste 24) Transform 70% MSW to electricity and compost 0.0197 0.07 25) Increase Recycling of plastic waste and e-waste by 70% 0.0016 0.01 26) Zero waste by 2050 through re-use and recycling (75% of target achieved by 2030) Approximately 8.9% or about 7,290,000 ha of Namibia is forested and reducing the deforestation rate by 75% from 0.9% per year to below 0.25% will be the major drive to achieving the 2030 target (Figure 2.2). More effort and investment are being put in place by Namibia to achieve this goal in Namibia\u2019s forest areas.", "answer": { "text": "Light-duty vehicles (LDV) \u2013 reducing fuel use by 20%", "answer_start": 140 @@ -35687,7 +37031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Urban planning must be integrated with the transport sector.In 2030, as a result of measures envisaged in the IPCC, such as changing mobility patterns, increasing electrification and renewable fuels, it is planned to achieve a 28% share of renewable energy in transport-mobility, as well as a reduction in emissions of more than 30% in the same decade.The construction sector comprises the residential, commercial and institutional subsectors (for more details, see ANEXO C paragraph C.3. Sustainable building).", + "context": "\u25b6 La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el a\u00f1o 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificaci\u00f3n y los combustibles renovables, se prev\u00e9 alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energ\u00eda renovable en el transporte-movilidad, as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de m\u00e1s de un 30% en esa misma d\u00e9cada.El sector de la edificaci\u00f3n comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para m\u00e1s detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificaci\u00f3n sostenible). Siguiendo el principio \u201cprimero, la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica\u201d la Comisi\u00f3n Europea propone la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en la edificaci\u00f3n como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificaci\u00f3n y los combustibles renovables, se prev\u00e9 alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energ\u00eda renovable en el transporte-movilidad, as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de m\u00e1s de un 30% en esa misma d\u00e9cada", "answer_start": 11 @@ -36151,7 +37495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "More specifically, in the fuel combustion subsector, for road transport the reduction set is 50% of GHG emissions produced by inland transport. To this end, among some of the actions planned, it is established through Law 21/2018, of 13 September, to boost the energy transition and climate change, the reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20% by 2030.", + "context": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y del cambio clim\u00e1tico, la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030. En cuanto al sector de la edificaci\u00f3n, cualquier nueva construcci\u00f3n se dise\u00f1a y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energ\u00e9tico casi nulo, tal y como tambi\u00e9n queda regulado per la Ley anteriormente referida.", "answer": { "text": "la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030.", "answer_start": 62 @@ -36167,7 +37511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "Finally, it is planned to draw up an action plan in order to lay the foundations for the implementation of an energy-efficient model in the general administration and related entities. More specifically, in the fuel combustion subsector, for road transport, the reduction set is 50% of GHG emissions produced by domestic transport. To this end, among some of the actions planned, it is established through Law 21/2018, of 13 September, on the promotion of energy transition and climate change, the reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20% by 2030.", + "context": "Por \u00faltimo, se prev\u00e9 la elaboraci\u00f3n de un plan de actuaci\u00f3n con el fin de sentar las bases que permitan la implantaci\u00f3n de un modelo energ\u00e9ticamente sobre en la Administraci\u00f3n general y entidades relacionadas. M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y del cambio clim\u00e1tico, la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030.", "answer": { "text": "la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030.", "answer_start": 96 @@ -36183,7 +37527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "In order to promote this change and to give impetus to the exemplary role of the administration, the obligation has been defined by law that any public administration or dependent entity when acquiring a new vehicle, or has to replace the existing ones, is carried out with zero-emission vehicles (Z) and ECO (E), only in very specific cases, where the needs justify it, and after an assessment by the ministries responsible for the acquisition of vehicles from the national car fleet and the Office of Energy and Climate Change, other types of vehicles can be acquired.", + "context": "Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y del cambio clim\u00e1tico, la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030. Para promover este cambio y dar impulso al rol ejemplar de la administraci\u00f3n se ha definido normativamente la obligaci\u00f3n de que cualquier Administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica o entidad dependiente cuando adquiera un nuevo veh\u00edculos, o deba reponer los existentes, se realice con veh\u00edculos cero emisiones (Z) y ECO (E), s\u00f3lo en casos muy concretos, en los que las necesidades lo justifiquen, y previa valoraci\u00f3n de los ministeriosresponsables en materia de adquisici\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos del parque m\u00f3vil y de la Oficina de la Energ\u00eda y del Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, pueden adquirirse otras tipolog\u00edas de veh\u00edculos.", "answer": { "text": "la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030.", "answer_start": 30 @@ -36199,7 +37543,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "In particular, in the fuel combustion subsector, for road transport, the reduction is not fixed in the long term, but will continue with an increase in the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet of up to 50%.", + "context": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuar\u00e1 con el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. En cuanto al sector de la edificaci\u00f3n, cualquier nueva construcci\u00f3n se dise\u00f1a y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energ\u00e9tico casi nulo o positivo.", "answer": { "text": "para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuar\u00e1 con el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. E", "answer_start": 11 @@ -36215,7 +37559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "In the long term (2050) Energy intensity will be reduced by at least 30%, with an increase in national electricity production (which will be more than 85% from renewable sources) of 50% of electricity demand.", + "context": "A largo plazo (2050) Se reducir\u00e1 la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 30%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 85% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 50% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica. M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuar\u00e1 con el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. En cuanto al sector de la edificaci\u00f3n, cualquier nueva construcci\u00f3n se dise\u00f1a y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energ\u00e9tico casi nulo o positivo.", "answer": { "text": "para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n no se fija a largo plazo, pero se continuar\u00e1 con el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 50%. E", "answer_start": 50 @@ -36295,7 +37639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", + "context": "The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", "answer": { "text": "CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050", "answer_start": 245 @@ -36311,7 +37655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.", "answer": { "text": "CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050", "answer_start": 226 @@ -36327,7 +37671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth\u2019s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.", "answer": { "text": "CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050", "answer_start": 226 @@ -36343,7 +37687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15", + "context": "This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.", "answer": { "text": "CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050", "answer_start": 353 @@ -36359,7 +37703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15", + "context": "GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.", "answer": { "text": "CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050", "answer_start": 315 @@ -36375,7 +37719,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants", + "context": "The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 193 @@ -36391,7 +37735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 174 @@ -36407,7 +37751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth\u2019s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 174 @@ -36423,7 +37767,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent", + "context": "This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 301 @@ -36439,7 +37783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2050", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent", + "context": "GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.", "answer": { "text": "More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050", "answer_start": 263 @@ -36503,7 +37847,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the Conakry Urban Development Plan, including a BRT bus line and a railway line, is an essential asset not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for improving the living conditions of millions of people in the capital. Unconditional objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation).", + "context": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).", "answer": { "text": "Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO)", "answer_start": 66 @@ -36519,7 +37863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional Objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation). 500 000 more efficient cars by 2025Construction by 2025 of 910 km of railway for the transport of minerals, of which 650 km for Trans-Guinea as a substitute for road transport. Addition of 390 km between 2025 and 2030.", + "context": "Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020). Soit 500 000 voitures plus efficaces entre 2025Construction \u00e0 horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferr\u00e9e pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguin\u00e9en en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030. L\u2019ensemble des mesures ci-dessus repr\u00e9senterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an \u00e9vit\u00e9es par rapport au scenario BAU.", "answer": { "text": "Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO)", "answer_start": 2 @@ -36535,7 +37879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional Objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation). 500 000 more efficient cars by 2025Construction by 2025 of 910 km of railway for the transport of minerals, of which 650 km for Trans-Guinea as a substitute for road transport. Addition of 390 km between 2025 and 2030.", + "context": "Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020). Soit 500 000 voitures plus efficaces entre 2025Construction \u00e0 horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferr\u00e9e pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguin\u00e9en en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030. L\u2019ensemble des mesures ci-dessus repr\u00e9senterait au total 2 300 kTCO2 /an \u00e9vit\u00e9es par rapport au scenario BAU.", "answer": { "text": "Construction \u00e0 horizon 2025 de 910 km de voie ferr\u00e9e pour le transport de minerais dont 650 km pour le Transguin\u00e9en en substitution au transport routier. Ajout de 390 km entre 2025 et 2030", "answer_start": 52 @@ -36647,7 +37991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2032", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2022-06/NDC%20-%20Guatemala%202021.pdf", - "context": "Emissions of GHGs (million tons of CO ) Inventory + BAU projection Mitigation Measures NDCTo reduce emissions from the land transport category, Guatemala will implement the Sustainable Mobility (ENE- 2) measure, which is based on the promotion of the use of electric vehicles (electromobility) and the replacement of fossil fuels with biofuels.", + "context": "Emisiones de GEI (millones de toneladas de CO ) Inventario + proyecci\u00f3n BAU Medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n NDCPara reducir las emisiones de la categor\u00eda de Transporte terrestre, Guatemala implementar\u00e1 la medida de Movilidad sostenible (ENE- 2), la cual se basa en la promoci\u00f3n del uso de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos (electromovilidad) y la sustituci\u00f3n de combustibles f\u00f3siles por biocombustibles. Para ello, se propone implementar un programa de renovaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas m\u00e1s eficientes, con lo cual se sustituir\u00e1 el 24.3 % de los veh\u00edculos de gasolina por el\u00e9ctricos al 2032 (Henr\u00edquez, 2021). Esta medida reducir\u00e1 el consumo de gasolina y, por ende, las emisiones de GEI derivadas de esta actividad.", "answer": { "text": "Para ello, se propone implementar un programa de renovaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas m\u00e1s eficientes, con lo cual se sustituir\u00e1 el 24.3 % de los veh\u00edculos de gasolina por el\u00e9ctricos al 2032 (Henr\u00edquez, 2021).", "answer_start": 56 @@ -36663,7 +38007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The quantification of the level of GHG emissions in the 2030 mitigation scenario is based on the following assumptions: In the transport category, the improvement and expansion of road infrastructure (ongoing and planned in the Government Roadmap 2025) and the promotion of low-emission public transport will reduce final energy intensity by 10% for motorcycles and 20% for cars and trucks; In Phase 1 of the HCFC Disposal Management Plan (EHMP) project, 26% of refrigeration technicians were trained; thus the directions of Phase 2 of this project are similar to the directions of Phase 1; 79% of refrigeration technicians will be trained by 2030; In Phase 1 of the HCFC Disposal Management Plan (EHMP) project, 3.4% of refrigeration technicians received recovery equipment; thus the directions of Phase 2 of this project are similar to the directions of Phase", + "context": "(ii) Projets, mesures et activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour contribuer aux co- b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent \u00e9galement des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs cl\u00e9s, tels que l \u00e9nergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9tablissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification \u00e9conomique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l \u00e9nergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la p\u00eache Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s pour atteindre 100% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet) ; - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 ; - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en 2020 \u00e0 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 4% en 2025 et \u00e0 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 des techniciens du froid afin de r\u00e9duire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la fili\u00e8re de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluor\u00e9s - Promotion de l\u2019importation des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilis\u00e9s pour les cong\u00e9lateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de cr\u00e8me glac\u00e9e ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des \u00e9difices priv\u00e9s et publics avec des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolants thermiques - Exon\u00e9ration de taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs Secteur AFAT - D\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du secteur agricole \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultiv\u00e9es ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des cha\u00eenes de valeurs : Organiser les fili\u00e8res pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 travers l\u2019augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 des \u00e9levages au-del\u00e0 de la croissance et du d\u00e9veloppement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unit\u00e9s de transformation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les performances de l\u2019\u00e9levage des bovins, l\u2019introduction des g\u00e9niteurs am\u00e9liorateurs dans le syst\u00e8me traditionnel, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019embouche et le renforcement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour la commercialisation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement \u00e0 vocation de fourrage avec l\u2019introduction d\u2019arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualit\u00e9 ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants \u00e0 travers la promotion de la restauration des for\u00eats naturelles, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, en privil\u00e9giant l\u2019appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9s (Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, for\u00eats communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacr\u00e9s), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le pi\u00e9geage du carbone au travers des \u00abplans de d\u00e9veloppement de massif\u00bb promus par la for\u00eat priv\u00e9e ou for\u00eats communautaires ou des \u00abchartes foresti\u00e8res de territoire\u00bb ou des p\u00f4les d\u2019excellence rurale ; - D\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie urbaine \u00e0 travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la cr\u00e9ation des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour lesproduits forestiers transform\u00e9s ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en r\u00e9duisant le taux actuel de d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019impact des feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, source d\u2019\u00e9missions de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re Secteur des d\u00e9chets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : am\u00e9nagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) \u00e0 Lom\u00e9 et am\u00e9nagement de d\u00e9charges finales, mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de collecte des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (OM), valorisation des d\u00e9chets, construction de latrines, extension du r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau potable dans les villes Ts\u00e9vi\u00e9, Atakpam\u00e9 Sokod\u00e9, Kara et Dapaong Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les \u00e9missions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les absorptions: a) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre correspondant \u00e0 la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national de la Partie, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 31 de la d\u00e9cision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adopt\u00e9es par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilis\u00e9 ses \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l \u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Suppl\u00e9ment de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s\u2019est aussi appuy\u00e9 sur les : \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour rendre compte de la mise en \u0153uvre des politiques et mesures ou strat\u00e9gies dans la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national La quantification du niveau d \u00e9missions de GES dans le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, est bas\u00e9e sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes : \u2022 Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid \u00e9taient form\u00e9s ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront form\u00e9s d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont re\u00e7u des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant \u00e0 base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les m\u00eames orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l\u2019importation des HFCs de 5% /an \u00e0 travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ; \u2022 Au Togo ; des \u00e9quipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont c\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d\u2019une fili\u00e8re de recyclage d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d\u2019en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 50%/an ; \u2022 La construction d\u2019au moins 100 b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9duira d\u2019au moins de 2% le taux d\u2019importation des gaz-F. \u2022 La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en mati\u00e8re de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture foresti\u00e8re de 24,24% \u00e0 30% soit un une augmentation d\u2019environ 5 % de la superficie foresti\u00e8re et des terres rebois\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et les mesures de protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 5% des superficies des formations v\u00e9g\u00e9tales br\u00fbl\u00e9es ; \u2022 Les efforts de protection des formations foresti\u00e8res et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la limitation de la conversion des terres foresti\u00e8res en terres agricoles ou en d\u2019autres formes d\u2019utilisations des terres ; \u2022 La promotion des sources alternatives d\u2019\u00e9nergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s permettra la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019utilisation du bois \u00e9nergie et les \u00e9missions de CO2 et autres GES li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette forme d\u2019\u00e9nergie ; \u2022 Dans le sous-secteur de l\u2019agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des r\u00e9sidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la r\u00e9duction de 3 % de l\u2019utilisation des engrais chimiques et l\u2019intensification de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019engrais organique ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des nouvelles orientations strat\u00e9giques dans le secteur de la production des produits c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 3% de la superficie des rizi\u00e8res irrigu\u00e9es pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 12% des d\u00e9chets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d\u2019enfouissement de Lom\u00e9, par an en \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique pour les besoins du site ; \u2022 R\u00e9duire de 80% la quantit\u00e9 des d\u00e9chets destin\u00e9s au br\u00fblage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la collecte des d\u00e9chets et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; \u2022 Valoriser 5% des eaux us\u00e9es domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d\u2019ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques \u00e0 biogaz L\u2019approche m\u00e9thodologique utilis\u00e9e est celle du LEAP-IBC.", "answer": { "text": "Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ;", "answer_start": 1182 @@ -36679,7 +38023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Togo also relied on the following: IPCC Good Practice and Uncertainty Management Recommendations for National Inventories (GPG 2000) IPCC Good Practice Recommendations for LULUCF (GPG LULUCF b) Assumptions and methodological approaches used to account for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the nationally determined contribution The quantification of the level of GHG emissions in the 2030 mitigation scenario is based on the following assumptions: In the transport category, the improvement and expansion of road infrastructure (ongoing and foreseen in the Government Roadmap 2025) and the promotion of low-emission public transport will reduce final energy intensity by 10% for motor vehicles and 20% for cars and trucks; In Phase 1 of the HCFC Elimination Management Plan (EHMP) project, 26% of refrigeration technicians were trained;", + "context": "Le Togo s\u2019est aussi appuy\u00e9 sur les : \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour rendre compte de la mise en \u0153uvre des politiques et mesures ou strat\u00e9gies dans la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national La quantification du niveau d \u00e9missions de GES dans le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, est bas\u00e9e sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes : \u2022 Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid \u00e9taient form\u00e9s ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront form\u00e9s d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont re\u00e7u des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant \u00e0 base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les m\u00eames orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l\u2019importation des HFCs de 5% /an \u00e0 travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ; \u2022 Au Togo ; des \u00e9quipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont c\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d\u2019une fili\u00e8re de recyclage d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d\u2019en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 50%/an ; \u2022 La construction d\u2019au moins 100 b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9duira d\u2019au moins de 2% le taux d\u2019importation des gaz-F. \u2022 La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en mati\u00e8re de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture foresti\u00e8re de 24,24% \u00e0 30% soit un une augmentation d\u2019environ 5 % de la superficie foresti\u00e8re et des terres rebois\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et les mesures de protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 5% des superficies des formations v\u00e9g\u00e9tales br\u00fbl\u00e9es ; \u2022 Les efforts de protection des formations foresti\u00e8res et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la limitation de la conversion des terres foresti\u00e8res en terres agricoles ou en d\u2019autres formes d\u2019utilisations des terres ; \u2022 La promotion des sources alternatives d\u2019\u00e9nergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s permettra la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019utilisation du bois \u00e9nergie et les \u00e9missions de CO2 et autres GES li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette forme d\u2019\u00e9nergie ; \u2022 Dans le sous-secteur de l\u2019agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des r\u00e9sidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la r\u00e9duction de 3 % de l\u2019utilisation des engrais chimiques et l\u2019intensification de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019engrais organique ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des nouvelles orientations strat\u00e9giques dans le secteur de la production des produits c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 3% de la superficie des rizi\u00e8res irrigu\u00e9es pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 12% des d\u00e9chets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d\u2019enfouissement de Lom\u00e9, par an en \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique pour les besoins du site ; \u2022 R\u00e9duire de 80% la quantit\u00e9 des d\u00e9chets destin\u00e9s au br\u00fblage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la collecte des d\u00e9chets et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; \u2022 Valoriser 5% des eaux us\u00e9es domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d\u2019ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques \u00e0 biogaz L\u2019approche m\u00e9thodologique utilis\u00e9e est celle du LEAP-IBC. c) Le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, des informations sur la mani\u00e8re dont la Partie tiendra compte des m\u00e9thodes et des orientations existantes au titre de la Convention pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 14 de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant Conform\u00e9ment aux paragraphes 13 et 14 de l\u2019article 4 de l\u2019Accord de Paris, le Togo a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 un QA/QC des donn\u00e9es d\u2019entr\u00e9e pour s\u2019assurer qu\u2019il n\u2019y ait ni omission, ni double comptage.", "answer": { "text": "Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ;", "answer_start": 93 @@ -36695,7 +38039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "- Increase the capacity of electricity production, transmission and distribution \u2013 Development of sustainable and reliable production capacities, particularly in solar and hydroelectric power, and corresponding strengthening of the transmission and distribution network (in synergy with the extension of the internet network); - Increase the share of renewable energies in energy production to 50% by 2025 - Increase the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles to 3% by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network \u2013 Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential to connect farmers to the market; - Construction of the Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the Lom\u00e9 agglomeration and the port - Exemption of taxes on new vehicles - Increase the use rate of improved homes by 40% - Increase the share", + "context": "La pr\u00e9paration des CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es \u00e9tait conforme aux recommandations de l Appel \u00e0 l Action de Talanoa et de la Coalition Haute Ambition, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales.c) Chaque Partie ayant une contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national au titre de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris qui consiste en des mesures d adaptation et / ou des plans de diversification \u00e9conomique aboutissant \u00e0 des avantages connexes d att\u00e9nuation conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l article 4, paragraphe 7, de l Accord de Paris \u00e0 soumettre des informations sur: (i) Comment les cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques et sociales des mesures de riposte ont-elles \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte dans l \u00e9laboration de la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national Les consultations nationales et r\u00e9gionales des parties prenantes ont permis de prendre en compte les impacts sociaux, \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux des mesures d att\u00e9nuation nationales en int\u00e9grant les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es dans les outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation lors de l \u00e9laboration des CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es. (ii) Projets, mesures et activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour contribuer aux co- b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent \u00e9galement des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs cl\u00e9s, tels que l \u00e9nergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9tablissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification \u00e9conomique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l \u00e9nergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la p\u00eache Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s pour atteindre 100% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet) ; - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 ; - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en 2020 \u00e0 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 4% en 2025 et \u00e0 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 des techniciens du froid afin de r\u00e9duire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la fili\u00e8re de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluor\u00e9s - Promotion de l\u2019importation des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilis\u00e9s pour les cong\u00e9lateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de cr\u00e8me glac\u00e9e ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des \u00e9difices priv\u00e9s et publics avec des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolants thermiques - Exon\u00e9ration de taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs Secteur AFAT - D\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du secteur agricole \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultiv\u00e9es ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des cha\u00eenes de valeurs : Organiser les fili\u00e8res pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 travers l\u2019augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 des \u00e9levages au-del\u00e0 de la croissance et du d\u00e9veloppement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unit\u00e9s de transformation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les performances de l\u2019\u00e9levage des bovins, l\u2019introduction des g\u00e9niteurs am\u00e9liorateurs dans le syst\u00e8me traditionnel, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019embouche et le renforcement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour la commercialisation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement \u00e0 vocation de fourrage avec l\u2019introduction d\u2019arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualit\u00e9 ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants \u00e0 travers la promotion de la restauration des for\u00eats naturelles, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, en privil\u00e9giant l\u2019appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9s (Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, for\u00eats communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacr\u00e9s), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le pi\u00e9geage du carbone au travers des \u00abplans de d\u00e9veloppement de massif\u00bb promus par la for\u00eat priv\u00e9e ou for\u00eats communautaires ou des \u00abchartes foresti\u00e8res de territoire\u00bb ou des p\u00f4les d\u2019excellence rurale ; - D\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie urbaine \u00e0 travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la cr\u00e9ation des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour lesproduits forestiers transform\u00e9s ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en r\u00e9duisant le taux actuel de d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019impact des feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, source d\u2019\u00e9missions de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re Secteur des d\u00e9chets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : am\u00e9nagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) \u00e0 Lom\u00e9 et am\u00e9nagement de d\u00e9charges finales, mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de collecte des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (OM), valorisation des d\u00e9chets, construction de latrines, extension du r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau potable dans les villes Ts\u00e9vi\u00e9, Atakpam\u00e9 Sokod\u00e9, Kara et Dapaong Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les \u00e9missions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les absorptions: a) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre correspondant \u00e0 la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national de la Partie, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 31 de la d\u00e9cision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adopt\u00e9es par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilis\u00e9 ses \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l \u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Suppl\u00e9ment de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour les zones humides.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 375 @@ -36711,7 +38055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "- Increase the capacity of electricity production, transmission and distribution \u2013 Development of sustainable and reliable production capacities, particularly in solar and hydroelectric power, and corresponding strengthening of the transmission and distribution network (in synergy with the extension of the internet network); - Increase the share of renewable energies in energy production to 50% by 2025 - Increase the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles to 3% by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network \u2013 Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential to connect farmers to the market; - Construction of the Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the Lom\u00e9 agglomeration and the port - Exemption of taxes on new vehicles - Increase the use rate of improved homes by 40% - Increase the share", + "context": "(ii) Projets, mesures et activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour contribuer aux co- b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent \u00e9galement des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs cl\u00e9s, tels que l \u00e9nergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9tablissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification \u00e9conomique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l \u00e9nergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la p\u00eache Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s pour atteindre 100% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet) ; - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 ; - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en 2020 \u00e0 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 4% en 2025 et \u00e0 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 des techniciens du froid afin de r\u00e9duire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la fili\u00e8re de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluor\u00e9s - Promotion de l\u2019importation des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilis\u00e9s pour les cong\u00e9lateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de cr\u00e8me glac\u00e9e ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des \u00e9difices priv\u00e9s et publics avec des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolants thermiques - Exon\u00e9ration de taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs Secteur AFAT - D\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du secteur agricole \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultiv\u00e9es ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des cha\u00eenes de valeurs : Organiser les fili\u00e8res pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 travers l\u2019augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 des \u00e9levages au-del\u00e0 de la croissance et du d\u00e9veloppement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unit\u00e9s de transformation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les performances de l\u2019\u00e9levage des bovins, l\u2019introduction des g\u00e9niteurs am\u00e9liorateurs dans le syst\u00e8me traditionnel, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019embouche et le renforcement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour la commercialisation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement \u00e0 vocation de fourrage avec l\u2019introduction d\u2019arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualit\u00e9 ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants \u00e0 travers la promotion de la restauration des for\u00eats naturelles, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, en privil\u00e9giant l\u2019appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9s (Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, for\u00eats communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacr\u00e9s), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le pi\u00e9geage du carbone au travers des \u00abplans de d\u00e9veloppement de massif\u00bb promus par la for\u00eat priv\u00e9e ou for\u00eats communautaires ou des \u00abchartes foresti\u00e8res de territoire\u00bb ou des p\u00f4les d\u2019excellence rurale ; - D\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie urbaine \u00e0 travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la cr\u00e9ation des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour lesproduits forestiers transform\u00e9s ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en r\u00e9duisant le taux actuel de d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019impact des feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, source d\u2019\u00e9missions de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re Secteur des d\u00e9chets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : am\u00e9nagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) \u00e0 Lom\u00e9 et am\u00e9nagement de d\u00e9charges finales, mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de collecte des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (OM), valorisation des d\u00e9chets, construction de latrines, extension du r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau potable dans les villes Ts\u00e9vi\u00e9, Atakpam\u00e9 Sokod\u00e9, Kara et Dapaong Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les \u00e9missions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les absorptions: a) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre correspondant \u00e0 la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national de la Partie, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 31 de la d\u00e9cision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adopt\u00e9es par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilis\u00e9 ses \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l \u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Suppl\u00e9ment de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s\u2019est aussi appuy\u00e9 sur les : \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour rendre compte de la mise en \u0153uvre des politiques et mesures ou strat\u00e9gies dans la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national La quantification du niveau d \u00e9missions de GES dans le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, est bas\u00e9e sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes : \u2022 Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid \u00e9taient form\u00e9s ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront form\u00e9s d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont re\u00e7u des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant \u00e0 base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les m\u00eames orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l\u2019importation des HFCs de 5% /an \u00e0 travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ; \u2022 Au Togo ; des \u00e9quipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont c\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d\u2019une fili\u00e8re de recyclage d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d\u2019en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 50%/an ; \u2022 La construction d\u2019au moins 100 b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9duira d\u2019au moins de 2% le taux d\u2019importation des gaz-F. \u2022 La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en mati\u00e8re de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture foresti\u00e8re de 24,24% \u00e0 30% soit un une augmentation d\u2019environ 5 % de la superficie foresti\u00e8re et des terres rebois\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et les mesures de protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 5% des superficies des formations v\u00e9g\u00e9tales br\u00fbl\u00e9es ; \u2022 Les efforts de protection des formations foresti\u00e8res et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la limitation de la conversion des terres foresti\u00e8res en terres agricoles ou en d\u2019autres formes d\u2019utilisations des terres ; \u2022 La promotion des sources alternatives d\u2019\u00e9nergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s permettra la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019utilisation du bois \u00e9nergie et les \u00e9missions de CO2 et autres GES li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette forme d\u2019\u00e9nergie ; \u2022 Dans le sous-secteur de l\u2019agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des r\u00e9sidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la r\u00e9duction de 3 % de l\u2019utilisation des engrais chimiques et l\u2019intensification de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019engrais organique ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des nouvelles orientations strat\u00e9giques dans le secteur de la production des produits c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 3% de la superficie des rizi\u00e8res irrigu\u00e9es pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 12% des d\u00e9chets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d\u2019enfouissement de Lom\u00e9, par an en \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique pour les besoins du site ; \u2022 R\u00e9duire de 80% la quantit\u00e9 des d\u00e9chets destin\u00e9s au br\u00fblage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la collecte des d\u00e9chets et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; \u2022 Valoriser 5% des eaux us\u00e9es domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d\u2019ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques \u00e0 biogaz L\u2019approche m\u00e9thodologique utilis\u00e9e est celle du LEAP-IBC.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 220 @@ -36727,7 +38071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "In the same vein, the NDP intends to develop all modes of transport and to position Togo as a reference platform in the subregion and on the continental level. The Togo 2025 government roadmap resulting from the NDP sets the following objectives: o increase the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles to 3% by 2025; 2 Brief overview of the transport sector in Togo 2016 3 Sustainable energy for all (se4all) Sustainable energy for all 2030 (SE4ALL-20 national action programme, Octobero extend the rural road network by building 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential in order to connect farmers to the market; o build the Unity motorway by accelerating the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the Lom\u00e9 agglomeration and the autonomous port.", + "context": "Dans la m\u00eame veine, le PND entend d\u00e9velopper tous les modes de transport et positionner le Togo comme une plateforme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la sous-r\u00e9gion et sur le plan continental. La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 ; 2 Bref aper\u00e7u du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 \u00e9nergie durable pour tous (se4all) \u00e9nergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d\u2019action national, octobreo \u00e9tendre le r\u00e9seau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9, o construire l\u2019autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 par l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port autonome.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 46 @@ -36743,7 +38087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The government roadmap Togo 2025 from the NDP sets out the following objectives: o increase the share of electric vehicles in the purchase of new vehicles to 3% by 2025; 2 Brief overview of the transport sector in Togo 2016 3 Sustainable energy for all (se4all) Sustainable energy for all 2030 (SE4ALL-20 national action programme, Octobero extend the rural road network by building 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential in order to connect farmers to the market; o build the Unity motorway by accelerating the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the town of Lom\u00e9 and the autonomous port.", + "context": "La feuille de route gouvernementale Togo 2025 issue du PND fixe les objectifs suivants : o porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 ; 2 Bref aper\u00e7u du secteur des transports au Togo 2016 3 \u00e9nergie durable pour tous (se4all) \u00e9nergie durable pour tous d ici 2030 (SE4ALL-20programme d\u2019action national, octobreo \u00e9tendre le r\u00e9seau routier rural par la construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9, o construire l\u2019autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 par l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port autonome. La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 16 @@ -36759,7 +38103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "and deployment of decentralised systems (e.g. individual solar panels) to achieve 75% electrification, supported by the establishment of the Electricity for All Fund - Increase of electricity generation, transmission and distribution capacity \u2013 Development of sustainable and reliable generation capacities, particularly in the solar and hydroelectric sectors, and corresponding strengthening of the transmission and distribution network (in synergy with the expansion of the internet network - Increase to 50% the share of renewable energies in energy production by 2025- Increase to 3% the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network \u2013 Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential to connect farmers to the market - Construction of the Unity Highway \u2013 Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the Lom\u00e9", + "context": "Programme de Renforcement des Capacit\u00e9s pour la Gestion de l\u2019Environnement, Octobre 2010 Strat\u00e9gie nationale de R\u00e9duction des \u00c9missions dues \u00e0 la D\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats (REDD+) 2020-2029, Version finale, Octobre 2019Annexes Annexe 1 : Mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 long terme Secteur Mesures et priorit\u00e9s Description Energie Cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Agence Togolaise de l\u2019Electrification Rurale et des Energie Renouvelables par D\u00e9cret N\u00b0 2016-064/PR (AT2ER). Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables et de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ao\u00fbt 2018 assortie de 8 textes d\u2019application Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo Feuille de route - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s (e.g., panneaux solaires individuels) pour atteindre 75% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025- Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification du Togo - Porter \u00e0 100% le taux de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification en 2030 - i) d\u00e9ployer plus de 300 mini-grids d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030, soit environ une capacit\u00e9 install\u00e9e de 9 MW; (ii) \u00e9lectrifier 555 000 m\u00e9nages par Kits Solaires d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 soit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 85 MW de capacit\u00e9 de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration solaire install\u00e9e en 2030 ; et (iii) \u00e9tendre et densifier le r\u00e9seau pour atteindre environ 670 000 connexions d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030, soit environ 108 MW de capacit\u00e9 additionnelle Plan quinquennal 2019- - Installer une capacit\u00e9 compl\u00e9mentaire de 88,2 MW d\u2019ici 2023 pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 99 MW de solaire raccorder au r\u00e9seau d\u2019ici - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 4 MW de mini-grid solaire en 2023 - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 11,71 MW de kits solaires en 2023 Plan d\u2019Actions National de la Bio\u00e9nergie - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% en 2020(PANBE) en instance d\u2019adoption - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquette \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici PIUP Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F R\u00e9duire la consommation des substances appauvrissant la couche d\u2019ozone (SAO) et \u00e9viter leur rel\u00e2chement important dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e0 la fin du cycle de vie des \u00e9quipements les contenant, par cons\u00e9quent diminuer les \u00e9missions des GES.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 192 @@ -36775,7 +38119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Promotion of renewable energy and rural electrification August 2018 with 8 implementing texts Promotion of electricity production from renewable energy sources in Togo Roadmap - Continuation of the electrification for all policy - Extension of the grid and deployment of decentralised systems (e.g. individual solar panels) to achieve 75% electrification, supported by the establishment of the Electricity for All Fund - Increase of electricity generation, transmission and distribution capacity - Development of sustainable and reliable production capacities, particularly in solar and hydroelectric power, and corresponding strengthening of the transmission and distribution network (in synergy with the extension of the internet network - Increase of the share of renewable energy in energy production to 50% by 2025 - Increase of the share of electric vehicles in the purchase of new vehicles to 3% by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network - Construction of 4000 km of rural", + "context": "Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables et de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale ao\u00fbt 2018 assortie de 8 textes d\u2019application Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo Feuille de route - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s (e.g., panneaux solaires individuels) pour atteindre 75% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025- Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification du Togo - Porter \u00e0 100% le taux de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification en 2030 - i) d\u00e9ployer plus de 300 mini-grids d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030, soit environ une capacit\u00e9 install\u00e9e de 9 MW; (ii) \u00e9lectrifier 555 000 m\u00e9nages par Kits Solaires d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 soit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 85 MW de capacit\u00e9 de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration solaire install\u00e9e en 2030 ; et (iii) \u00e9tendre et densifier le r\u00e9seau pour atteindre environ 670 000 connexions d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030, soit environ 108 MW de capacit\u00e9 additionnelle Plan quinquennal 2019- - Installer une capacit\u00e9 compl\u00e9mentaire de 88,2 MW d\u2019ici 2023 pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 99 MW de solaire raccorder au r\u00e9seau d\u2019ici - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 4 MW de mini-grid solaire en 2023 - Installer une capacit\u00e9 de 11,71 MW de kits solaires en 2023 Plan d\u2019Actions National de la Bio\u00e9nergie - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% en 2020(PANBE) en instance d\u2019adoption - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquette \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici PIUP Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F R\u00e9duire la consommation des substances appauvrissant la couche d\u2019ozone (SAO) et \u00e9viter leur rel\u00e2chement important dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re \u00e0 la fin du cycle de vie des \u00e9quipements les contenant, par cons\u00e9quent diminuer les \u00e9missions des GES. Renforcer la capacit\u00e9 des agents de douane Lutter contre le commerce illicite des SAO donc \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur consommation, par cons\u00e9quent diminuer les \u00e9missions des GES.A travers ce projet 150 agents de douane sont form\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025", "answer_start": 128 @@ -37271,7 +38615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Downstream, the associated appliances for household appliances or the comfort of the environment (heating and air conditioning) will have to meet high energy performance standards as quickly as possible (5). Low-carbon urban development involves taking into account forms of urbanisation: by favouring the densification of existing fabrics during urban renewal operations, by modulating the density according to public transport services, by optimising the use of land, by introducing compact but enjoyable urban forms and by promoting urban mixture and limiting the creation of single-purpose areas. Green trams should also be encouraged by preserving green spaces, landscapes and sensitive natural areas, by encouraging the construction of vegetated roofs, green facades, urban agriculture, etc.", + "context": "\u2022 \u0007 En aval, les \u00e9quipements associ\u00e9s pour l\u2019\u00e9lectrom\u00e9nager ou le confort d\u2019ambiance (chauffage- climatisation) devront le plus rapidement possible r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des normes Haute Performance \u00c9nerg\u00e9tique (5). Un d\u00e9veloppement urbain bas carbone suppose la prise en compte des formes d\u2019urbanisation : en privil\u00e9giant la densification des tissus existants lors des op\u00e9rations de renouvellement urbain, en modulant la densit\u00e9 en fonction de la desserte en transports en commun, en optimisant l\u2019utilisation du foncier, en introduisant des formes urbaines compactes mais agr\u00e9ables \u00e0 vivre et en promouvant la mixit\u00e9 urbaine et limitant la cr\u00e9ation de zones monofonctionnelles. Il convient \u00e9galement de favoriser les trames vertes en pr\u00e9servant les espaces verts, les paysages et les zones naturelles sensibles, en encourageant la r\u00e9alisation de toitures v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9es, les fa\u00e7ades vertes, l\u2019agriculture urbaine, etc.", "answer": { "text": "en privil\u00e9giant la densification des tissus existants lors des op\u00e9rations de renouvellement urbain, en modulant la densit\u00e9 en fonction de la desserte en transports en commun", "answer_start": 42 @@ -37303,7 +38647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "These measures include the following: \uf0a1 Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns; \uf0a1 Encourage the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment; \uf0a1 Encourage sustainable substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels; \uf0a1 Monitor vehicle fleet-weighted fuel and CO2 efficiency; \uf0a1 Eliminate high emission vehicles; \uf0a1 Establish low carbon fuel standards; \uf0a1 Encourage the introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles Potential Energy Measures Achieving Energy Industries Sub-sector Targets The above targets are fully in line with existing national policy and strategy documents as well as industry action plans. Key strategies linked to these targets and central to their achievement include: \uf0a1 National Energy Policy 2017 - 2027 \uf0a1 The National Electrification Roll-Out Plan \uf0a1 PNG Power 15 Year Power Development Plan \uf0a1 The Medium-Term Development Plan III Key Result Area 2: Goal 2.1 \uf0a1 Papua New Guinea\u2019s Sustainable Development Goal 13 Roadmap: The four key energy actions: 1) Carbon neutral gas and minerals sector 2) Renewable-based rural electrification 3) Resilient, reliable and efficient electricity grids 4) Energy-efficient government and private sector Priority renewable energy projects for investment set out in PNG\u2019s Country Programme for Green Climate Fund finance Several major programs are already being implemented that will contribute to achieving the targets,", + "context": "These measures include the following: \uf0a1 Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns; \uf0a1 Encourage the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment; \uf0a1 Encourage sustainable substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels; \uf0a1 Monitor vehicle fleet-weighted fuel and CO2 efficiency; \uf0a1 Eliminate high emission vehicles; \uf0a1 Establish low carbon fuel standards; \uf0a1 Encourage the introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles Potential Energy Measures Achieving Energy Industries Sub-sector Targets The above targets are fully in line with existing national policy and strategy documents as well as industry action plans. Key strategies linked to these targets and central to their achievement include: \uf0a1 National Energy Policy 2017 - 2027 \uf0a1 The National Electrification Roll-Out Plan \uf0a1 PNG Power 15 Year Power Development Plan \uf0a1 The Medium-Term Development Plan III Key Result Area 2: Goal 2.1 \uf0a1 Papua New Guinea\u2019s Sustainable Development Goal 13 Roadmap: The four key energy actions: 1) Carbon neutral gas and minerals sector 2) Renewable-based rural electrification 3) Resilient, reliable and efficient electricity grids 4) Energy-efficient government and private sector Priority renewable energy projects for investment set out in PNG\u2019s Country Programme for Green Climate Fund finance Several major programs are already being implemented that will contribute to achieving the targets, and they include: \uf0a1 PNG Electrification Programme \uf0a1 Pawarim Komuniti \u2013 PNG Off-grid Electrification Program \uf0a1 Town Electrification National Program (TEP) \uf0a1 Rural On-grid Electrification Program (ROGEP) The Climate Change (Management) Act 2015 is being reviewed to provide a stronger link between the energy sector and emissions reductions and to create a framework for improving energy data collection.", "answer": { "text": "Reduce vehicle-miles through more compact development patterns", "answer_start": 6 @@ -37367,7 +38711,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following areas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transport", + "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following \u00e1reas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.", "answer": { "text": "To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits", "answer_start": 7 @@ -37495,7 +38839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following areas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transport", + "context": "Lines of action: Sustainable urban development M3.1 To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits. Buildings M3.2 To promote strengthening, adoption, and application of regulations, standards, and legislations which boost efficient technologies for new and existing buildings in the following \u00e1reas: water, energy, gas, thermal isolation, renewable energy, and carbon capture practices (for example: green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban orchards).Mexico\u2019s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy Mobility M3.3 To encourage the evolution towards safe, clean, low-emission, accessible, and comfortable public transportation systems.", "answer": { "text": "To increase planned and efficient land-use by diminishing urban sprawl and guaranteeing access to intra-urban land; to promote mixed-use development and vertical buildings; to incentivize densification instead of greenfield development; to connect urban forests; and to define urban growth limits", "answer_start": 7 @@ -37559,7 +38903,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "The progressive digitisation of the economy gives an increasing number of workers and organisations the opportunity to use telework.149 The aim is therefore to extend this mode of work optimally and thus to take advantage of the potential for a considerable reduction in commuting and professional traffic. Similarly, the establishment of coworking spaces, particularly in border areas, makes it possible to shorten the journeys of workers. 144 Approximately 67% of total non-ETS GHG emissions 145 Distributed to vehicles registered abroad. 146 See the chapter \"Tax policy: providing the necessary incentives\". 147 By internalising costs related to the environment, health, etc.", + "context": "La digitalisation progressive de l\u2019\u00e9conomie donne \u00e0 un nombre croissant de travailleurs et d\u2019organisations la possibilit\u00e9 de recourir au t\u00e9l\u00e9travail149. Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019\u00e9tendre ce mode de travail de fa\u00e7on optimale et de profiter ainsi des potentiels de r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rables du trafic pendulaire et professionnel. De m\u00eame, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019espaces de travail partag\u00e9 (\u00ab coworking spaces \u00bb), notamment dans les zones frontali\u00e8res, permet de raccourcir les trajets des travailleurs. 144 Environ 67% des \u00e9missions totales de GES hors ETS 145 Vendus \u00e0 des v\u00e9hicules immatricul\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. 146 Voir le chapitre \u00ab Politique fiscale : fournir les incitations n\u00e9cessaires \u00bb 147 Par l\u2019internalisation des co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019environnement, la sant\u00e9, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019\u00e9tendre ce mode de travail de fa\u00e7on optimale et de profiter ainsi des potentiels de r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rables du trafic pendulaire et professionnel. De m\u00eame, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019espaces de travail partag\u00e9 (\u00ab coworking spaces \u00bb), notamment dans les zones frontali\u00e8res, permet de raccourcir les trajets des travailleurs.", "answer_start": 20 @@ -37639,7 +38983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "Among the necessary measures, in addition to new electrical technologies and regulations, Mexico contemplates the expansion and rehabilitation of the national railway network.", + "context": "Entre las medidas necesarias, en adici\u00f3n a las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas el\u00e9ctricas y la normativa, M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energ\u00e9tica al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| P\u00c1G. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.", "answer": { "text": "Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19", "answer_start": 58 @@ -37687,7 +39031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "The success of these measures depends on the coordination and co-operation of multiple public and private actors, promoting a culture of mobility based on education, governance, participation and environmental science.CAPTITLE 5/8 | DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT | 2021 149 CAPTITLE 5/8 | DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT | 2021 The following are long-term sectoral objectives and targets and their contribution to the ODS: TRANSPORT SECTOR ODS Objective 1: To guide decisions on mobility and urban and territorial development, in order to prioritize the most sustainable and efficient modes of travel, both urban and rural, using integrated, multimodal mobility systems geared to social well-being and quality of life, placing users at the centre and addressing the social dimension of mobility.", + "context": "El \u00e9xito de estas medidas depende de la coordinaci\u00f3n y correspon- sabilidad de m\u00faltiples actores p\u00fablicos y privados, que promuevan una cultura de movilidad basada en la educaci\u00f3n, la gobernanza, la participaci\u00f3n y con- ciencia ambiental.CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 149 CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 A continuaci\u00f3n, se presentan objetivos y metas sectoriales de largo plazo y su contribuci\u00f3n a los ODS: SECTOR TRANSPORTES ODS Objetivo 1: Orientar las decisiones en materia de movilidad y desarrollo urbano y territorial, a fin de priorizar los modos de desplazamiento m\u00e1s sustentables y eficientes tanto urbanos como interur- banos, utilizando para ello sistemas de movilidad integrados, multimodales y orientados al bien- estar social y la calidad de vida, poniendo en el centro a los usuarios/as y atendiendo la dimensi\u00f3n social de la movilidad. [Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 1.1: Al 2021, contar con una metodolog\u00eda y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2021, contar con una metodolog\u00eda y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario", "answer_start": 144 @@ -37703,7 +39047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "[Strategy 1: Avoid] Goal 1.1: By 2021, to have a methodology and processes for measuring the Carbon Footprint of rail transport. Goal 1.2: By 2023, to ensure that sustainable mobility is standardized and methodologically included in territorial planning, as well as in the formulation of infrastructure and territorial planning plans. Goal 1.3: By 2025, to build communities of inter-institutional and collaborative practices for promoting low- or zero-emission mobility, among national governments, local governments, regional governments, civil society, academia and private institutions.", + "context": "[Estrategia 1: Evitar] Meta 1.1: Al 2021, contar con una metodolog\u00eda y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario. Meta 1.2: Al a\u00f1o 2023, lograr incluir normativa y metodol\u00f3gicamente la di- mensi\u00f3n de movilidad sostenible en la planificaci\u00f3n territorial, as\u00ed como en la formulaci\u00f3n de los planes de infraestructura y de ordenamiento te- rritorial. Meta 1.3: Al 2025, construir comunidades de pr\u00e1cticas interinstitucionales y colaborativas para el fomento de la movilidad de baja o nula emisi\u00f3n, entre el gobierno nacional, los gobiernos locales, gobiernos regionales, sociedad civil, academia e instituciones privadas.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2021, contar con una metodolog\u00eda y procesos para medir la Huella de Carbono del Transporte Ferroviario", "answer_start": 5 @@ -37799,7 +39143,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues", "answer_start": 438 @@ -37815,7 +39159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues", "answer_start": 377 @@ -37895,7 +39239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Goal 3.4: By 2030, reduce the modal split of fossil fuel-powered private transport in all regions, compared to base year 2017. Goal 3.5: By 2030, have generated and implemented Pedestrian Mobility Plans in cities and neighbourhoods that present the greatest constraints and barriers to the pedestrian mode.", + "context": "Meta 3.4: Al 2030, reducir la partici\u00f3n modal del transporte privado pro- pulsado por combustibles f\u00f3siles en todas las regiones, con relaci\u00f3n al a\u00f1o base 2017. Meta 3.5: Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peat\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peat\u00f3n.", "answer_start": 28 @@ -37911,7 +39255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "The Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, in cooperation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),", + "context": "Meta 3.5: Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peat\u00f3n. Meta 3.6: Al 2030, lograr que todas las ciudades del pa\u00eds dispongan de una red vial apropiada para el desplazamiento de peatones y ciclos con niveles de seguridad, calidad y confort de acuerdo con est\u00e1ndares normativos, ca- nalizando las iniciativas a trav\u00e9s los Planes de Infraestructura de Movilidad y Espacio P\u00fablico desarrollados a nivel comunal.CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 151 CAP\u00cdTULO 5/8 | MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE | 2021 Meta 3.7: Al 2040, haber desarrollado y mantener actualizados los Planes Maestros de Movilidad en las 35 ciudades de m\u00e1s de 80.000 habitantes, concebidos bajo enfoque de movilidad sostenible y con metas espec\u00edfi- cas de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones y haber desarrollado y actualizado Planes de Gesti\u00f3n de Tr\u00e1nsito en 25 ciudades intermedias menores a 80.000 ha- bitantes, concebidos bajo enfoque de movilidad sostenible y con metas espec\u00edficas de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2030, haber generado e implementado Planes de Movilidad Peatonal en las ciudades y barrios que presenten las mayores limitantes y barreras al modo peat\u00f3n.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -37927,7 +39271,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Energy consumption and GDP continue to follow historical trends. 2. Scenario of the Energy Transition Agenda (ATE): scenario based on ATE (Energy Transition Agenda) objectives2 and its consultative tables; Post-COVID-19 economic reactivation package with investments in conventional infrastructure and climate investments by NRCan, energy efficiency and electric mobility, the evolution of the public transport system is established in accordance with the Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PIMUS).", + "context": "El consumo energ\u00e9tico y PBI siguen tendencias hist\u00f3ricas. 2. Escenario de la Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de ERNC, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del pa\u00eds proviene de la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y 4.8% de la energ\u00eda solar.", "answer": { "text": "la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).", "answer_start": 52 @@ -37943,7 +39287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Stage of the Energy Transition Agenda (ATE): scenario based on ATE (Energy Transition Agenda)2 objectives and its consultative tables; Post-COVID-19 economic reactivation package with investments in conventional infrastructure and climate investments by NRCan, energy efficiency and electric mobility, the evolution of the public transport system is established in accordance with the Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PIMUS).", + "context": "Escenario de la Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica (ATE): escenario basado en objetivos de ATE (Agenda de Transici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica)2 y sus mesas consultivas; Paquete de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica Post COVID-19 con inversiones en infraestructura convencional e inversiones clim\u00e1ticas de ERNC, eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).El 6% de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del pa\u00eds proviene de la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y 4.8% de la energ\u00eda solar. Cabe resaltar que debido a la crisis sanitaria que vive el mundo, se parte del supuesto que estos escenarios ponen en marcha los paquetes de reactivaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica a partir de 2022 y que la demanda de energ\u00eda comienza a desacoplarse del crecimiento econ\u00f3mico en el escenario ATE producto de las pol\u00edticas planteadas para el sector.", "answer": { "text": "la evoluci\u00f3n del sistema de transporte p\u00fablico se establece de acuerdo al Plan Integrado de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PIMUS).", "answer_start": 43 @@ -38007,7 +39351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "Increase the level of service of urban public transport in the municipality of Guatemala T-3. Urban public transport T-4. Improvement of the country's road infrastructure in the districts of Chimaltenango and Barberena T-4. Districts of Chimaltenango and Barberena T-5. Renovation of the private car fleet towards more efficient alternatives T-5. Electric vehicles T-6. Promoting the use of ethanol in gasoline in Guatemala T-6. Use of ethanol in gasoline U-1. Planning a model of Territorial Urban Structure with low emissions in the National Urban Development Policy U-1. National Urban Development Policy U-2. Sustainable Metropolitan Mobility Plan of the City of Guatemala U-2. Sustainable Metropolitan Mobility National Development Strategy with Low Emissions of Greenhouse GasesSECTOR INDUSTRY Leading Ministry Priority Options Simplified Name Ministry", + "context": "Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte p\u00fablico urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte p\u00fablico urbano T-4. Mejoramiento de la infraestructura vial del pa\u00eds en los libra- mientos de Chimaltenango y Barberena. T-4. Libramientos de Chimaltenango y Barberena. T-5. Renovaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular privado autom\u00f3vil hacia alternativas m\u00e1s eficientes T-5. Veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos T-6. Promover el uso del etanol en la gasolina en Guatemala T-6. Uso del etanol en la gasolina U-1. Plantear un modelo de Estructura Urbana Territorial con ba- jas emisiones en la Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano U-1. Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano U-2. Plan de movilidad metropolitana sostenible de la ciudad de Guatemala U-2. Movilidad metropolitana sostenible Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR INDUSTRIA Ministerio l\u00edder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Econom\u00eda (MINECO) I-1.", "answer": { "text": "Plan de movilidad metropolitana sostenible de la ciudad de Guatemala", "answer_start": 99 @@ -38023,7 +39367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the Conakry Urban Development Plan, including a BRT bus line and a railway line, is an essential asset not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for improving the living conditions of millions of people in the capital. Unconditional objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation).", + "context": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).", "answer": { "text": "Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale.", "answer_start": 19 @@ -38071,7 +39415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "12 to carry out their work in this way. Remote work or teleworking contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, as well as of other atmospheric pollutants, which strengthens climate change and air quality policies. Finally, the strategy for the transport sector involves an improvement in the linking of urban planning with climate change criteria and the recovery of public space for pedestrians, considering an order oriented towards efficient public transport systems and alternative and non-motorised transport systems. All these actions support the fulfilment of the GHG target and are essential also for the black carbon target.", + "context": "12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad. El trabajo remoto o teletrabajo contribuye a reducir la huella de carbono, as\u00ed como de otros contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos, lo que fortalece las pol\u00edticas de cambio clim\u00e1tico y tambi\u00e9n las de calidad del aire. Finalmente, la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculaci\u00f3n de la planeaci\u00f3n urbana con criterios de cambio clim\u00e1tico y de recuperaci\u00f3n del espacio p\u00fablico para el peat\u00f3n, considerando un ordenamiento orientado a sistemas de transporte p\u00fablico eficiente y a sistemas de transporte alternativos y no motorizados. Todas estas acciones apoyan el cumplimiento de la meta de GEI y son esenciales tambi\u00e9n para la meta de carbono negro.", "answer": { "text": "la estrategia para el sector transporte conlleva una mejora en la vinculaci\u00f3n de la planeaci\u00f3n urbana con criterios de cambio clim\u00e1tico", "answer_start": 41 @@ -38087,7 +39431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CHL_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Goal 6.7: By 2050, achieve a conversion rate of 71% of lorries based on zero-emission vehicles. Goal 7: Incorporate active and effective citizen participation in decision-making and planning, strengthening local identities and values, strengthening decentralization and multi-level articulation, in order to advance in a coherent and synergistic development of our territory. Goal 7.1: By 2025, implement programmes and projects aimed at non-profit organizations of civil society, which facilitate, promote and accompany the modal shift towards low- or zero-emission mobility, encouraging active and effective citizen participation.", + "context": "Meta 6.7: Al 2050, alcanzar un porcentaje de reconversi\u00f3n de un 71% de los veh\u00edculos de carga en base a veh\u00edculos cero emisi\u00f3n. Objetivo 7: Incorporar en las decisiones y en la planificaci\u00f3n una participaci\u00f3n activa y efectiva de la ciudadan\u00eda, reforzando las identidades y valores locales, fortaleciendo la descentralizaci\u00f3n y la articulaci\u00f3n multinivel, para avanzar en un desarrollo coherente y sin\u00e9rgico de nuestro territorio. Meta 7.1: Al 2025, implementar programas y proyectos dirigidos a organi- zaciones sin fines de lucro de la sociedad civil, que faciliten, promuevan y acompa\u00f1en el cambio modal hacia la movilidad de baja o cero emisiones, incentivando la participaci\u00f3n activa y efectiva de la ciudadan\u00eda.", "answer": { "text": "Incorporar en las decisiones y en la planificaci\u00f3n una participaci\u00f3n activa y efectiva de la ciudadan\u00eda, reforzando las identidades y valores locales, fortaleciendo la descentralizaci\u00f3n y la articulaci\u00f3n multinivel, para avanzar en un desarrollo coherente y sin\u00e9rgico de nuestro territorio.", "answer_start": 25 @@ -38119,7 +39463,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity. Given the international nature of these sectors, solutions need to be developed at European and even global level. In order to include negative externalities in the prices of these modes of transport and to force technological innovation to significantly reduce the carbon and environmental footprint (notably through the development of renewable hydrogen or synthetic renewable fuels), it is important to ensure adequate emission pricing.", + "context": "6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s. Vu le caract\u00e8re international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne voire mondiale. Afin d\u2019inclure les externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives dans les prix de ces modes de transport et de forcer l\u2019innovation technologique pour r\u00e9duire significativement l\u2019empreinte carbone et environnementale (notamment par le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable ou de carburants synth\u00e9tiques renouvelables), il importe d\u2019assurer une tarification ad\u00e9quate des \u00e9missions.", "answer": { "text": "Vu le caract\u00e8re international de ces secteurs, des solutions doivent \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne voire mondiale", "answer_start": 35 @@ -38135,7 +39479,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "167 Economic and Social Council, 2019: freight transport and the logistics sector in Luxembourg \u2013 medium- and long-term sectoral economic prospects from a sustainability perspective (p. 168 In the context of the Last Mile Delivery project launched in 2014, it was found that last mile logistics was responsible for 20% of traffic in the urban areas of Luxembourg City and Esch-sur-Alzette, whereas in recent years there has been a sustained growth in e-commerce. 169 In particular the Cluster for Logistics: climate neutrality in 2050 68 / 97 carbon intensity such as rail and inland waterways and continue to strengthen multimodal freight transport, by enhancing and developing the multimodal terminal in Bettembourg/Dudelange and the three-modal site of the port of Mertert, and in a European context that will have to facilitate more efficient management and an increase in the capacity of", + "context": "167 Conseil \u00e9conomique et social, 2019 : Le transport de marchandises et le secteur de la logistique au Luxembourg \u2013 perspectives \u00e9conomiques sectorielles \u00e0 moyen et long termes dans une optique de durabilit\u00e9 (p. 168 Dans le cadre du projet \u00ab Last Mile Delivery \u00bb lanc\u00e9 en 2014 il fut constat\u00e9 que la logistique du dernier kilom\u00e8tre (\u00ab last mile \u00bb) \u00e9tait responsable pour 20% du trafic dans les zones urbaines de Luxembourg-Ville et d\u2019Esch-sur-Alzette, alors que ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es on a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 une croissance soutenue du commerce \u00e9lectronique. 169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensit\u00e9 de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer \u00e0 renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et d\u00e9veloppant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution technologique des v\u00e9hicules utilitaires lourds, d\u00e9ployer l\u2019infrastructure de ravitaillement n\u00e9cessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, hydrog\u00e8ne, \u2026) ; etc.", "answer": { "text": "et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales", "answer_start": 141 @@ -38151,7 +39495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "169 In particular the Cluster for Logistics: climate neutrality in 2050 68 / 97 carbon intensity such as rail and inland waterways and continue to strengthen multimodal freight transport, by enhancing and developing the multimodal terminal in Bettembourg/Dudelange and the three-modal port site in Mertert, and in a European context which will have to facilitate more efficient management and an increase in the capacity of rail and inland waterways; deploy the necessary refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels (electricity, hydrogen,...) in line with technological developments in heavy goods vehicles; etc.; take advantage of digitisation to increase the use of intelligent supply chain management systems; promote and develop programmes to encourage companies and the logistics sector to reduce their carbon footprint, for example the \"Lean & Green\" programme170; adapt charges and taxes to take into account", + "context": "169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensit\u00e9 de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer \u00e0 renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et d\u00e9veloppant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution technologique des v\u00e9hicules utilitaires lourds, d\u00e9ployer l\u2019infrastructure de ravitaillement n\u00e9cessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, hydrog\u00e8ne, \u2026) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer": { "text": "et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales", "answer_start": 51 @@ -38311,7 +39655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "As a long-term planning instrument, the ECLP will facilitate the elaboration and implementation of medium- and short-term objectives and actions that will be included in the successive CDNs of Uruguay, in a process such as that outlined in Figure 01.", + "context": "Para este sector se plantean escenarios ambiciosos de minimizaci\u00f3n del enterramiento de residuos s\u00f3lidos en la senda hacia el 2050. Como instrumento de planificaci\u00f3n en el largo plazo, la ECLP facilitar\u00e1 la elaboraci\u00f3n e implementaci\u00f3n de objetivos y acciones de mediano y corto plazo que se incluir\u00e1n en las sucesivas CDN de Uruguay, en un proceso como el que se esquematiza en la figura 01. El proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinaci\u00f3n (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en Uruguay.", "answer": { "text": "El proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinaci\u00f3n (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en Uruguay", "answer_start": 65 @@ -38503,7 +39847,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf", - "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed", + "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.", "answer": { "text": "Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station;", "answer_start": 23 @@ -38519,7 +39863,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots", "answer_start": 131 @@ -38535,7 +39879,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots", "answer_start": 70 @@ -38551,7 +39895,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network", "answer_start": 296 @@ -38567,7 +39911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network", "answer_start": 235 @@ -38599,7 +39943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality", "answer_start": 141 @@ -38615,7 +39959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality", "answer_start": 120 @@ -38631,7 +39975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality", "answer_start": 152 @@ -38647,7 +39991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality", "answer_start": 138 @@ -38663,7 +40007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Project for the construction of 3 solar photovoltaic power plants with a cumulative capacity of 300 MWc, of which 150 MWc in a first phase (Kaya 1 and Koup\u00e9la 2). Project for the deployment of fifty thousand (50 000) Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) type solar kits (60 Wc) for the benefit of households in Burkina Faso. Project for the construction of a biomass-waste thermal power plant of 10 MW in Ouagadougou.v Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Transport Unconditional Project to support the modernisation of the transport sector (PAMOSET-FC) component \" Implementation of a system for the permanent renewal of the park\". Project for the completion of the railway interconnection Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditional Project for the rehabilitation of the railway line Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te", + "context": "Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovolta\u00efques \u00e0 vocation r\u00e9gionale d\u2019une puissance cumul\u00e9e de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une premi\u00e8re phase (Kaya 1 et Koup\u00e9la 2). Projet de d\u00e9ploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des m\u00e9nages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d\u2019une centrale thermique \u00e0 biomasse- d\u00e9chets de 10 MW \u00e0 Ouagadougou.v Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui \u00e0 la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante \" Mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de renouvellement p\u00e9renne du parc\". Projet de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Fronti\u00e8re C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer_start": 117 @@ -38679,7 +40023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger railway construction project. 402 460 7.00 59.00 223.00 Urban and peri-urban heavy rail service to Ouagadougou from the existing line. Waste Conditional Methane recovery project from wastewater treatment at Kossodo STEP. Methane recovery project from CTVD waste landfill. Biogas sludge recovery project of 200 000 m3.vi Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Wastewater treatment plant construction and expansion project.", + "context": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante. D\u00e9chets Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir du traitement des eaux us\u00e9es de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane issu de l enfouissement des d\u00e9chets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Projet de construction et d\u2019extension des stations de traitement des eaux us\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -38695,7 +40039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger railway construction project. 402 460 7.00 59.00 223.00 Urban and peri-urban heavy rail service to Ouagadougou from the existing line. Waste Conditional Methane recovery project from wastewater treatment at Kossodo STEP. Methane recovery project from CTVD waste landfill. Biogas sludge recovery project of 200 000 m3.vi Sector Scenario Action/Project Cost(USD) Wastewater treatment plant construction and expansion project.", + "context": "Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Fronti\u00e8re Niger. 402 460 7,00 59,00 223,00 Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante. D\u00e9chets Conditionnel Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir du traitement des eaux us\u00e9es de la STEP de Kossodo. Projet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane issu de l enfouissement des d\u00e9chets du CTVD. Projet de valorisation de 200 000 m3 de boue de vidange en biogaz.vi Secteur Sc\u00e9nario Action/Projet Co\u00fbt(USD) Projet de construction et d\u2019extension des stations de traitement des eaux us\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "Projet de mise en place d\u2019une desserte ferroviaire urbaine et p\u00e9riurbaine lourde de la ville d\u2019Ouagadougou \u00e0 partir de la ligne existante.", "answer_start": 14 @@ -38711,7 +40055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 239 @@ -38727,7 +40071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 220 @@ -38743,7 +40087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment", + "context": "Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth\u2019s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 220 @@ -38759,7 +40103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater", + "context": "This can be achieved by improving waste collection rates; implementing reduce, reuse, and recycle principles; producing biogas and compost from organic waste; eliminating open burning; extracting landfill gas and producing refuse derived fuel; and improving treatment of wastewater. GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 347 @@ -38775,7 +40119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KHM_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater", + "context": "GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture \u2022 Less methane-intensive rice cultivars \u2022 Direct seeding practices \u2022 Alternate wetting and drying practices \u2022 Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology \u2022 Feed additives for cattle \u2022 Improved fodder management \u2022 Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses \u2022 Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in \u2022 Stopping deforestation by 2045 \u2022 Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration \u2022 Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation \u2022 Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy \u2022 No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects \u2022 Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel \u2022 Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure \u2022 Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar \u2022 Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage \u2022 Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry \u2022 Fuel switching to electricity for cooking \u2022 Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation \u2022 More use of public transportation \u2013 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 \u2022 Moderate penetration of electric vehicles \u2013 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 \u2022 Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles \u2022 Rail for freight and passengers \u2022 CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use \u2022 Clinker substitution in cement production \u2022 Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns \u2022 Use of recycled aggregate concrete \u2022 Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential \u2022 Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste \u2022 Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 \u2022 Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy \u2022 Landfill gas management \u2022 Organic composting \u2022 Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia\u2019s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.", "answer": { "text": "Rail for freight and passengers", "answer_start": 309 @@ -38791,7 +40135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient cooking Number of households using biogas, LPG, and biodegradable agricultural waste or household waste-based briquettes Industrial plantations - energy wood 130.000 ha of energy-intensive plantations Develop and improve urban and interurban transport Promotion of mass transport (i) In 10 urban centres (cities and towns) with: traffic management plan; (ii) New public transport system (bus, rail, etc.); (iii) Number of road, rail (interconnection), river and lake infrastructure built/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of assembly units for new low-emission vehicles locally (in terms of sector transfer Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDOs technologies) Agriculture Sedent", + "context": "Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines.", "answer": { "text": "Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es", "answer_start": 241 @@ -38807,7 +40151,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "(iii) Number of road, rail (interconnection), river and lake infrastructures constructed/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of assembly units for new low-emission vehicles locally (in terms of transfer from sector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDS technologies) Agriculture Sedentising agriculture Promotion of technical routes aimed at the sedentisation of farmers, particularly in forest areas, including wetlands (i) 1 million ha of irrigated areas managed and equipped (ii) Approximately 150 established farmers\u2019 organisations and farmers\u2019 cooperatives; (iii) Number of farmers using the guide to good agricultural practice for the management of summerfallow and the use of natural fertilisers; (iv) Number of agricultural awareness and extension campaign", + "context": "; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines. Production d\u2019\u00e9nergie et engrais organique \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets solides, eaux us\u00e9es et boues f\u00e9cales5 Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation 6.1.", "answer": { "text": "Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es", "answer_start": 2 @@ -38839,7 +40183,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Transport Commitment Improving the efficiency of the national transport system Background and description of the commitment Modernisation of the vehicle fleet is under way with the ban on the import of vehicles older than 13 years from 2021. Very significant margins of progress remain to control and reduce transport emissions. It is also a question of modernising and developing public and private public transit, studying and promoting experiments for sustainable mobility and developing rail transport of people and goods. Many railway projects for the transport of minerals are under study or under development.", + "context": "L\u2019ensemble des mesures ci-dessus repr\u00e9senterait au total 1 160 kTCO2eq /an \u00e9vit\u00e9es en 2030 rapport au scenario inconditionnel. Transports Engagement Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de transports national Contexte et description de l\u2019engagement La modernisation du parc de v\u00e9hicules est en cours avec l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 13 ans depuis 2021. Des marges de progression tr\u00e8s importantes subsistent pour contr\u00f4ler et r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions du transport. Il s\u2019agit aussi de moderniser et d\u00e9velopper les transports en commun publics et priv\u00e9s, d\u2019\u00e9tudier et promouvoir les exp\u00e9rimentations pour une mobilit\u00e9 durable et de d\u00e9velopper le transport ferroviaire de personnes et marchandises. De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.", "answer": { "text": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.", "answer_start": 101 @@ -38855,7 +40199,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the Conakry Urban Development Plan, including a BRT bus line and a railway line, is an essential asset not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for improving the living conditions of millions of people in the capital. Unconditional objective Implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 8 years old by 2025 (ECOWAS standard); implementation of the ban on the import of vehicles over 5 years old by 2030 (ECOWAS Commission 2020 recommendation).", + "context": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Le d\u00e9ploiement du Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Urbain de Conakry avec notamment une ligne de bus BRT et une ligne de train est un atout essentiel pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de CO2 mais aussi am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie des millions de personnes de la capitale. Objectif inconditionnel Application de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 8 ans \u00e0 horizon 2025 (norme CEDEAO) ; mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019importation de v\u00e9hicules de plus de 5 ans (pr\u00e9conisation de la Commission de la CEDEAO de 2020).", "answer": { "text": "De nombreux projet de lignes ferroviaires pour le transport de minerais sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -38967,7 +40311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure", + "context": "The estimated carbon sinks for 2050 are on level very close to the reported sinks of the FOLU sector in the year 2016. Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 169 @@ -38983,7 +40327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 146 @@ -38999,7 +40343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from", + "context": "Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of \u20ac16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) \u2013 Total system costs \u2013 Energy (Bill.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 146 @@ -39015,7 +40359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry", + "context": "Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 512 @@ -39031,7 +40375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry", + "context": "EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises PE \u2018National forests\u2019, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil. EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 495 @@ -39047,7 +40391,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", + "context": "Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 214 @@ -39063,7 +40407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MKD_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", + "context": "EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.", "answer": { "text": "Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria", "answer_start": 202 @@ -39191,7 +40535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/URY_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "Transport Sector For the transport subsectors - river, sea and air - no measures are considered so their fuel demand remains constant and equal to that of the base year for the whole study period and for both scenarios.For the railway sector the introduction of the central railway is considered, considering that it will operate at full capacity in the year 2035.Cargo Transport The motor vehicle fleet used as the basis for carrying out the projections is the one published for the years 2017-2020 by MIEM which uses, as the main data source, that of the Unique Vehicle Income Collection System (Sucive).The methodology used for the elaboration of this fleet can be seen next to the fleet at the same link.", + "context": "Sector Transporte Para los subsectores del transporte - fluvial, mar\u00edtimo y a\u00e9reo - no se consideran medidas por lo que su demanda de combustibles se mantiene constante e igual a la del a\u00f1o base para todo el periodo de estudio y para los dos escenarios. Para el sector ferroviario se considera la introducci\u00f3n del ferrocarril central, considerando que operar\u00e1 a capacidad plena en el a\u00f1o 2035.Transporte carretero El parque automotor utilizado como base para realizar las proyecciones es el publicado para los a\u00f1os 2017-2020 por el MIEM que utiliza, como fuente principal de datos, la del Sistema \u00danico de Cobro de Ingresos Vehiculares (Sucive). La metodolog\u00eda utilizada para la elaboraci\u00f3n de dicho parque se puede ver junto al parque en el mismo enlace.", "answer": { "text": "Para el sector ferroviario se considera la introducci\u00f3n del ferrocarril central, considerando que operar\u00e1 a capacidad plena en el a\u00f1o 2035.", "answer_start": 45 @@ -39255,7 +40599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Improvement of management At least 3 laws and 3 Decrees of Implementation of MAV & MTCT 100.000 100.000of air, land and maritime traffic, including the regulations necessary for the effective management of the subsector and taking into account the provisions of the MARPOL Convention the laws promulgated by 2050, which include aspects of GHG emission reduction 1.11. Continuation of the modernization of airport infrastructures, road traffic and port infrastructures Production of at least: 1 annual report on the GHG emission mitigation plan of civil aviation, 1 annual report on the GHG emission mitigation plan of land transport 1 annual report on the GHG emission mitigation plan of maritime transport MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12.", + "context": "Mejora de la gesti\u00f3n Al menos 3 leyes y 3 Decretos de Aplicaci\u00f3n de MAV & MTCT 100.000 100.000del tr\u00e1fico a\u00e9reo, terrestre y mar\u00edtimo, con inclusi\u00f3n de las reglamentaciones necesarias para la eficaz gesti\u00f3n del subsector y teniendo en cuenta lo estipulado en el Convenio de MARPOL las leyes promulgados al a\u00f1o 2050, que incluyen aspectos de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI. 1.11. Continuaci\u00f3n de la modernizaci\u00f3n de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tr\u00e1fico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias Producci\u00f3n de al menos: 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI de aviaci\u00f3n civil, 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI del transporte terrestre 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI del transporte mar\u00edtimo MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12.", "answer": { "text": "Continuaci\u00f3n de la modernizaci\u00f3n de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tr\u00e1fico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias", "answer_start": 62 @@ -39271,7 +40615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/CND-GuineaEcuatorial-Version2022-Actualizada.pdf", - "context": "Continuing the modernization of airport infrastructure, road traffic and port infrastructure Production of at least: 1 annual report on the civil aviation GHG emission mitigation plan, 1 annual report on the land transport GHG emission mitigation plan 1 annual report on the maritime transport GHG emission mitigation plan MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12.", + "context": "Continuaci\u00f3n de la modernizaci\u00f3n de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tr\u00e1fico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias Producci\u00f3n de al menos: 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI de aviaci\u00f3n civil, 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI del transporte terrestre 1 informe anual sobre el plan de mitigaci\u00f3n de emisiones GEI del transporte mar\u00edtimo MAV & MTCT 2.600.000 2.000.000 1.12. Elaboraci\u00f3n de los Reglamentos de la Ley de Hidrocarburos y la Ley de Minas 2 reglamentos de Aplicaci\u00f3n de las dos leyes promulgados, que integran la reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI. 1.13.", "answer": { "text": "Continuaci\u00f3n de la modernizaci\u00f3n de las infraestructuras aeroportuarias, del tr\u00e1fico rodado y las infraestructuras portuarias", "answer_start": 0 @@ -39287,7 +40631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "In this way, the energy sovereignty of the nation over lithium and other minerals that are strategic and necessary for energy transition, technological innovation and national development will be guaranteed, in full compliance with environmental protection and the rights of indigenous peoples, indigenous communities and Afro-Mexicans.", + "context": "Con ello se busca garantizar la soberan\u00eda energ\u00e9tica de la Naci\u00f3n sobre el litio y dem\u00e1s minerales que resulten estrat\u00e9gicos y necesarios para la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica, la innovaci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica y el desarrollo nacional. Todo ello en pleno cumplimiento en materia de protecci\u00f3n al medio ambiente y de derechos de los pueblos originarios, comunidades ind\u00edgenas y afromexicanas. Adem\u00e1s del impulso a la electromovilidad se fortalecer\u00e1 la normatividad referente a la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica vehicular, tanto de veh\u00edculos ligeros como de pesados, para disminuir la huella de carbono del parque vehicular, y fomentar la transici\u00f3n hacia veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s eficientes, as\u00ed como el fomento de programas de transporte limpio. Entre las medidas necesarias, en adici\u00f3n a las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas el\u00e9ctricas y la normativa, M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional.", "answer": { "text": "M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional.", "answer_start": 119 @@ -39303,7 +40647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "Among the necessary measures, in addition to new electrical technologies and regulations, Mexico contemplates the expansion and rehabilitation of the national railway network.", + "context": "Entre las medidas necesarias, en adici\u00f3n a las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas el\u00e9ctricas y la normativa, M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional. El fomento al transporte ferroviario permite reducir emisiones GEI, debido a su mayor eficiencia energ\u00e9tica al transportar bienes y/o personas. Otra medida innovadora que se incluye en nuestro NDC se refiere a una Estrategia Nacional de Trabajo Remoto que se impulsa de forma colaborativa con industrias y autoridades para, capitalizando los aprendizajes del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID 19, se apoye a los trabajadores para| P\u00c1G. 12 realizar sus labores en esta modalidad.", "answer": { "text": "M\u00e9xico contempla la expansi\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la red ferroviaria nacional.", "answer_start": 14 @@ -39447,7 +40791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies to improve performance, increase the use of vehicles (intermodality, taxis, VTCs, carpooling, self-sharing), and the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline price policy); and the taking into account of household budgetary constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Les deux suivantes portent plut\u00f4t sur les impacts des strat\u00e9gies de transports bas carbone, d\u2019une part sur les enjeux et fili\u00e8res industrielles, et d\u2019autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des m\u00e9nages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 70 @@ -39463,7 +40807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to encourage behaviour and investment in support of low-carbon transport, five conditions seem to be necessary: the development of urban infrastructure conducive to good accessibility to public and commercial services; policies for improving performance, increasing vehicle use (intermodality, taxis, VTC, carpooling, self-sharing), the dissemination of zero-emission vehicles; the construction of industrial capacities for the production of vehicles of the future and their components; incentive systems combining information-awareness and economic incentives (gasoline pricing policy); and the taking into account of household budget constraints and the implementation of measures to reduce the investment effort.", + "context": "Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir \u00eatre retenues : Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures urbaines propices \u00e0 une bonne accessibilit\u00e9 aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des v\u00e9hicules z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission ; La construction des capacit\u00e9s industrielles pour la production des v\u00e9hicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations \u00e9conomiques (politique de prix de l\u2019essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budg\u00e9taires des m\u00e9nages et la mise en \u0153uvre de dispositifs permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019effort d\u2019investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage oblig\u00e9 semble r\u00e9sider dans une coop\u00e9ration renforc\u00e9e entre Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, Minist\u00e8re des transports et collectivit\u00e9s locales.", "answer": { "text": "Des politiques pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des performances, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019usage des v\u00e9hicules (intermodalit\u00e9, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)", "answer_start": 35 @@ -39479,7 +40823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf", - "context": "The location of activities and in particular of tertiary premises, to which an increasing number of jobs will be assigned, will also be very important for transport flows, in particular daily pendulum flows. In order to control transport flows, all transport networks must be developed in an integrated \"transport \u2013 land use\" logic at different territorial scales. This is a condition for controlling the growth of demand on the one hand, and for giving full place to \"active\" and \"collective\" modes, within the framework of multimodal approaches. An example of an integrated approach is given in the functional diagram of the TRANUS model. 4.8.3.", + "context": "La localisation des activit\u00e9s et en particulier des locaux tertiaires, auxquels seront attach\u00e9s un nombre croissant d\u2019emplois, sera aussi tr\u00e8s importante pour les flux de transport, en particulier les flux quotidiens pendulaires. Afin que les flux de transport soient ma\u00eetris\u00e9s, tous les r\u00e9seaux de transport doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans une logique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00ab transports \u2013 usages des sols \u00bb et ce aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles territoriales. C\u2019est une condition pour, d\u2019une part, contr\u00f4ler la croissance de la demande, et d\u2019autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes \u00ab actifs \u00bb et \u00ab collectifs \u00bb, dans le cadre d\u2019approches multimodales. Un exemple d\u2019approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e est donn\u00e9 dans le sch\u00e9ma fonctionnel du mod\u00e8le TRANUS. 4.8.3.", "answer": { "text": "C\u2019est une condition pour, d\u2019une part, contr\u00f4ler la croissance de la demande, et d\u2019autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes \u00ab actifs \u00bb et \u00ab collectifs \u00bb, dans le cadre d\u2019approches multimodales. Un exemple d\u2019approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e est donn\u00e9 dans le sch\u00e9ma fonctionnel du mod\u00e8le TRANUS.", "answer_start": 65 @@ -39591,7 +40935,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "The third program consists of afforestation of marginal areas around cities to ensure the production and sustainable use of firewood through improved homes. D. Transportation: two mitigation levers contributing 27 to 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential will focus on improving urban and intercity public transportation while developing transportation master plans and promoting multimodal transportation for passengers and freight. E. Waste Management: two mitigation levers contributing 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) to the total mitigation potential.", + "context": "Le troisi\u00e8me programme consiste \u00e0 boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d\u2019assurer la production et l\u2019utilisation durable de bois de chauffe \u00e0 travers les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s. D. Transport : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 27 \u00e0 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation se focaliseront sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en d\u00e9veloppant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des d\u00e9chets : deux leviers d\u2019att\u00e9nuation contribuant \u00e0 hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer": { "text": "promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.", "answer_start": 72 @@ -39607,7 +40951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "Alignment with SDOs Transition to energy-efficient cooking Number of households using biogas, LPG, and biodegradable agricultural waste or household waste-based briquettes Industrial plantations - energy wood 130.000 ha of energy-intensive plantations Develop and improve urban and interurban transport Promotion of mass transport (i) In 10 urban centres (cities and towns) with: traffic management plan; (ii) New public transport system (bus, rail, etc.); (iii) Number of road, rail (interconnection), river and lake infrastructure built/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of assembly units for new low-emission vehicles locally (in terms of sector transfer Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDOs technologies) Agriculture Sedent", + "context": "Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie R\u00e9duire la demande en bois \u00e9nergie et faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00c9lectrification rurale, p\u00e9ri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Pour l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 3GW en 2020 \u00e0 (ii) Pour \u00e9olien, solaire et g\u00e9othermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 \u00e0 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 \u00e0 10 unit\u00e9s install\u00e9es Promotion des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s & am\u00e9lioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de m\u00e9nages disposent des unit\u00e9s de Promotion des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables modifi\u00e9e (ii) Nombre des r\u00e9sidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturi\u00e8res \u00e9quip\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques 28 Co\u00fbt estimatif de la tonne CO2 \u00e9quivalant autour de 100 \u00e0 130 USD 29 Foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9sSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission \u00e9co\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Nombre des m\u00e9nages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes \u00e0 base des r\u00e9sidus agricoles ou des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers biod\u00e9gradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-\u00e9nergie 130.000 ha de plantations \u00e0 but \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique D\u00e9velopper et am\u00e9liorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cit\u00e9s et villes) dot\u00e9s de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau syst\u00e8me de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.) ; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines.", "answer": { "text": "Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es", "answer_start": 241 @@ -39623,7 +40967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20RDC.pdf", - "context": "(iii) Number of road, rail (interconnection), river and lake infrastructures constructed/rehabilitated; (iv) Number of assembly units for new low-emission vehicles locally (in terms of transfer from sector Objective Actions Indicators Reduction potential Co-benefits of adaptation Estimated cost (Mds Implementation period Alignment with SDS technologies) Agriculture Sedentising agriculture Promotion of technical routes aimed at the sedentisation of farmers, particularly in forest areas, including wetlands (i) 1 million ha of irrigated areas managed and equipped (ii) Approximately 150 established farmers\u2019 organisations and farmers\u2019 cooperatives; (iii) Number of farmers using the guide to good agricultural practice for the management of summerfallow and the use of natural fertilisers; (iv) Number of agricultural awareness and extension campaign", + "context": "; (iii) Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es ; (iv) Nombre d\u2019unit\u00e9s de montage de v\u00e9hicules neufs \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions localement (en termes de transfert deSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD technologies) Agriculture S\u00e9dentariser l\u2019agriculture Promotion des itin\u00e9raires techniques visant la s\u00e9dentarisation des agriculteurs particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones foresti\u00e8res, y compris les zones humides (i) 1 million d\u2019ha des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s am\u00e9nag\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s (ii) Environ 150 organisations des agriculteurs et coop\u00e9ratives paysannes \u00e9tablies ; (iii) Nombre d\u2019agriculteurs utilisant le guide de bonnes pratiques agricole pour la gestion des jach\u00e8res, et l\u2019utilisation des fertilisants naturels ; (iv) Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation agricole par an e Int\u00e9gration de l\u2019agriculture dans le plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de la Existence de : - la politique d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire ; - un plan national d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoireSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD strat\u00e9gie REDD+ Promotion de l\u2019agriculture intensive dans les zones savanicoles en vue de limiter la pression sur les for\u00eats naturelles (i) 1,6 millions d\u2019ha de terres \u00e0 usage agricole intensif am\u00e9nag\u00e9s (ii) Nombre des m\u00e9nages agricoles utilisant les des d\u00e9chets et des sous-produits de l\u2019\u00e9levage sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisants naturels Promotion d\u2019une exploitation rationnelle et durable des espaces de production agricole pour pr\u00e9server les conditions agro\u00e9cologiques en vue d\u2019assurer la stabilit\u00e9 du couvert forestier Intensification de la production agricole vivri\u00e8re (glucides, ol\u00e9agineux, l\u00e9gumineuses) en zone savanicole et enSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD for\u00eat d\u00e9grad\u00e9e Intensification de la production agricole de rente en for\u00eat secondaire et en savane, mais avec des syst\u00e8mes durables agroforestiers (cacao, caf\u00e9, bananier, cultures sp\u00e9ciales) permettant de valoriser les avantages comparatifs de la paysannerie pour ces cultures Nombre de nouvelles plantations des cultures p\u00e9rennes et agroforesterie en savanes arbustives ou mosa\u00efques savanes- for\u00eats Vulgarisation et sensibilisation sur les bonnes pratiques - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation sur les bonnes pratiques agricole par an D\u00e9veloppement de l \u00e9levage intensif - Nombre de fermes et syst\u00e8mes agrosylvopastoraux,Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Foresterie et autres Affectations de Terre R\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats Promotion des techniques d\u2019afforestation et reforestation traditionnelle et moderne en vue de pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats - 760 milles ha de for\u00eats restaur\u00e9s - 15% de 7 millions d\u2019ha d\u2019aires marginales rebois\u00e9es e (soit Appui au d\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie communautaire comme outil de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de lutte contre la perte du couvert forestier en milieu rural - Nombre de campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) 1,5 Restauration des zones humides, notamment les tourbi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en agriculture et en \u00e9levage Superficie des zones humides mis en d\u00e9fens et/ou restaur\u00e9e Valorisation des outils MEOR (M\u00e9thodologie pour l \u00c9valuation des Opportunit\u00e9s de Nombre de campagnes de formations, sensibilisation et vulgarisationSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Restauration) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale en y int\u00e9grant la valorisation des connaissances traditionnelles dans la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 autour des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es Appui aux initiatives permettant la mise en place de la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats et des paysages Textes juridiques mettant en place la plate-forme sur la restauration des for\u00eats Renforcement de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re, notamment la lutte contre l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre et autres ressources foresti\u00e8res en Existence de dispositif de surveillance et de r\u00e9pression de la fraudeSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD tenant compte des \u00e9tudes, analyses et outils produits dans la mise en \u0153uvre des diff\u00e9rents processus forestiers pertinents tels que les APV- FLEGT Renforcer le stock de carbone Gestion durable de l\u2019exploitation de bois d \u0153uvre Gestion durable et r\u00e9habilitation des exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res Superficie des anciennes exploitations mini\u00e8res et p\u00e9troli\u00e8res r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es/restaur\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment au Plan de gestion Environnementale (PGE) Lutte contre les feux de brousse - Superficie mise en d\u00e9fens ; - Existence de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et de plan de gestion des feux de broussesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Cartographie et \u00e9valuation des tourbi\u00e8res Existence de carte de location de zones de tourbi\u00e8res D\u00e9chets Am\u00e9liorer l acc\u00e8s aux services de gestion des d\u00e9chets Renforcement du cadre institutionnel et l\u00e9gal pour la gestion de d\u00e9chets Existence de textes l\u00e9gaux r\u00e8glementant la gestion de d\u00e9chets e Programme de gestion rationnelle des d\u00e9chets Valoriser les d\u00e9chets valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des d\u00e9chets (r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de des sites d enfouissement) - Nombre de Kwh produit issus de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz de d\u00e9charge - Nombre des m\u00e9nages ayant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cette technologie Utilisation des gaz de d\u00e9chargesSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de r\u00e9duction Co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d adaptation Co\u00fbt estimatif (Mds P\u00e9riode de mise en \u0153uvre Alignement avec les ODD Compostage a\u00e9robie - Nombre des digesteurs disponibles ; - Nombre d usines de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d \u00e9nergie et autres que le gaz de d\u00e9charges dans diff\u00e9rentes zones urbaines. Production d\u2019\u00e9nergie et engrais organique \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets solides, eaux us\u00e9es et boues f\u00e9cales5 Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation 6.1.", "answer": { "text": "Nombre de infrastructures voies de communication routi\u00e8re, ferroviaire (interconnexion), fluviales et lacustres construites/r\u00e9habilit\u00e9es", "answer_start": 2 @@ -39671,7 +41015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf", - "context": "Paraguay is a country that has expressed its desire to contribute with positive actions to reduce the adverse effects of climate change, and this plan includes strategic aspects linked to climate change both for mitigation and adaptation.", + "context": "Las contribuciones del Paraguay est\u00e1n ajustadas a las circunstancias nacionales presentes y los objetivos a largo plazo fijados en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, as\u00ed como el apoyo en el financiamiento y la cooperaci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica internacional. Paraguay es un pa\u00eds que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estrat\u00e9gicos vinculados a cambio clim\u00e1tico en tanto para la mitigaci\u00f3n y la adaptaci\u00f3n.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo econ\u00f3mico, social y ambiental y los que est\u00e1n vinculados al cambio clim\u00e1tico son los siguientes; \uf0d8 Transporte multimodal eficiente \uf0d8 Control efectivo de la deforestaci\u00f3n \uf0d8 Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono \uf0d8 Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual.", "answer": { "text": "transporte multimodal eficiente", "answer_start": 107 @@ -39687,7 +41031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Documento%20INDC%20Paraguay%2001-10-15.pdf", - "context": "Paraguay is a country that has expressed its desire to contribute with positive actions to reduce the adverse effects of climate change, and this plan includes strategic aspects linked to climate change both for mitigation and adaptation.", + "context": "Paraguay es un pa\u00eds que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estrat\u00e9gicos vinculados a cambio clim\u00e1tico en tanto para la mitigaci\u00f3n y la adaptaci\u00f3n.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo econ\u00f3mico, social y ambiental y los que est\u00e1n vinculados al cambio clim\u00e1tico son los siguientes; \uf0d8 Transporte multimodal eficiente \uf0d8 Control efectivo de la deforestaci\u00f3n \uf0d8 Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono \uf0d8 Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual. \uf0d8 Aumentar los ingresos nacionales por la venta de servicios ambientales (cr\u00e9ditos por sumideros de carbono). \uf0d8 Aumentar la cobertura de \u00e1reas forestales y biomasa protegida (% de cobertura forestal y % ponderado por biomasas globales).", "answer": { "text": "transporte multimodal eficiente", "answer_start": 71 @@ -39815,7 +41159,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "169 In particular the Cluster for Logistics: climate neutrality in 2050 68 / 97 carbon intensity such as rail and inland waterways and continue to strengthen multimodal freight transport, by enhancing and developing the multimodal terminal in Bettembourg/Dudelange and the three-modal port site in Mertert, and in a European context which will have to facilitate more efficient management and an increase in the capacity of rail and inland waterways; deploy the necessary refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels (electricity, hydrogen,...) in line with technological developments in heavy goods vehicles; etc.; take advantage of digitisation to increase the use of intelligent supply chain management systems; promote and develop programmes to encourage companies and the logistics sector to reduce their carbon footprint, for example the \"Lean & Green\" programme170; adapt charges and taxes to take into account", + "context": "169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensit\u00e9 de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer \u00e0 renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et d\u00e9veloppant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution technologique des v\u00e9hicules utilitaires lourds, d\u00e9ployer l\u2019infrastructure de ravitaillement n\u00e9cessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, hydrog\u00e8ne, \u2026) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer": { "text": "Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ;", "answer_start": 99 @@ -39831,7 +41175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At the European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity.", + "context": "; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer": { "text": "Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ;", "answer_start": 1 @@ -39847,7 +41191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Renewable gases and the integration of sectors can provide important advantages, such as renewable hydrogen, an important energy vector to contribute to decarbonisation. \u25b6 Digitisation and innovation will enable better use to be made of all energy resources. \u25b6 Urban planning must be integrated with the transport sector.", + "context": "\u25b6 Los gases renovables y el acoplamiento de sectores pueden proporcionar importantes ventajas, como el hidr\u00f3geno renovable, importante vector energ\u00e9tico para contribuir a la descarbonizaci\u00f3n. \u25b6 La digitalizaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n permitir\u00e1 un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energ\u00e9ticos. \u25b6 La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte.", "answer": { "text": "La digitalizaci\u00f3n e innovaci\u00f3n permitir\u00e1 un mejor aprovechamiento de todos los recursos energ\u00e9ticos.", "answer_start": 26 @@ -39879,7 +41223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Introduce intelligent transport management systems", "answer_start": 44 @@ -39895,7 +41239,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service", "answer_start": 200 @@ -39911,7 +41255,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service", "answer_start": 179 @@ -39927,7 +41271,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service", "answer_start": 211 @@ -39943,7 +41287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service", "answer_start": 197 @@ -40039,7 +41383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Interactive web application for adaptation information in the industrial sector that promotes the strengthening of a business working network around adaptation. X Software Web tool visible to the different actors MinTransPort Carretero Georeferencing third-party road network Georeferencing as a fundamental aspect for the analysis of geospatial data, the basis for the correct localization of map information and the appropriate fusion and comparison of data from different sensors in different spatial and temporal locations x x x x x To be defined Satellite image processing for the analysis, intervention and monitoring of the sections where projects with adaptation actions and/or risk management are implemented MinTransPort Fluvial Georeferencing fluvial network x x x x To be defined MinTransPort F\u00e9rreo Georeferencing fertile network x x x x To be defined MinTransPort Carretero Mobile application development Mobile applications designed to be", + "context": "Aplicativo web interactivo en informaci\u00f3n de adaptaci\u00f3n del sector industria que favorezca el fortalecimiento de una red de trabajo empresarial en torno a la adaptaci\u00f3n. X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red vial terciaria Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes satelitales para el an\u00e1lisis, intervenci\u00f3n y seguimiento de los tramos donde se est\u00e1n implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y/o gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red f\u00e9rrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevenci\u00f3n, en la construcci\u00f3n de hist\u00f3ricos y la generaci\u00f3n de variables para el c\u00e1lculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales", "answer_start": 41 @@ -40055,7 +41399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "X Software Web tool visible to the different actors MinTrans porte Carretero Georeferencing third-party road network Georeferencing as a fundamental aspect for the analysis of geospatial data, a basis for the correct location of map information and appropriate fusion and comparison of data from different sensors in different spatial and temporal locations x x x x To be defined Satellite image processing for the analysis, intervention and monitoring of the sections where projects with adaptation and/or risk management are implemented MinTransporte Fluvial Georeferencing river network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georeferencing irrigation network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte Carretero Mobile application development Mobile applications designed to be run on phones, tablets and other mobile devices, which allow road managers and Territorial Directorates to provide information related to variables previously established for risk management and", + "context": "X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red vial terciaria Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes satelitales para el an\u00e1lisis, intervenci\u00f3n y seguimiento de los tramos donde se est\u00e1n implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y/o gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red f\u00e9rrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevenci\u00f3n, en la construcci\u00f3n de hist\u00f3ricos y la generaci\u00f3n de variables para el c\u00e1lculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n Mejorar el repositorio de informaci\u00f3n de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento r\u00e1pido y un buen desempe\u00f1o para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.", "answer": { "text": "Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales", "answer_start": 16 @@ -40071,7 +41415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Donation NO SI Creation of financial and non-financial instruments for the evaluation of opportunities in terms of financial resources granted to companies for climate adaptation MinTransporte Third-party freight, river and railway Geo-referencing program and data capture from the source Implementation of the GIS program and data capture in a central repository Donation SI SI A geographical information system (GIS) will be obtained to describe and categorize the transport infrastructure charged with respect to its geographical location with the aim of visualizing and analysing the interventions carried out, the results of adaptation actions and comparing the variables used with threat maps carried out in the country.", + "context": "Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Creaci\u00f3n de instrumentos financieros y no financieros para la valuaci\u00f3n de oportunidades en materia de recursos pecuniarios otorgados a las empresas para adaptabilidad clim\u00e1tica. MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y f\u00e9rreo Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donaci\u00f3n SI SI Se obtendr\u00e1 un sistema de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el pa\u00eds.", "answer": { "text": "Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente", "answer_start": 33 @@ -40087,7 +41431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero Terciario, fluvial y ferreo Program of Georeferencing and data capture from the source Implementation of the program of GIS and data capture in a central repository Donation IF IF A geographic information system (GIS) will be obtained to describe and categorize the transport infrastructure according to its geographical location with the aim of visualizing and analyzing the interventions carried out, the results of the adaptation actions and comparing the variables used with the threat maps carried out in the country MinTransporte Carretero, rail, river, air Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the transport sector Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the sector on issues of GRD and ACC Donation NO IF By means of the implementation of the program of capacity of the sector will be achieved better results in analyses of information related to vulnerability and risk", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y f\u00e9rreo Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donaci\u00f3n SI SI Se obtendr\u00e1 un sistema de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el pa\u00eds. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos.", "answer": { "text": "Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente", "answer_start": 6 @@ -40103,7 +41447,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "e. Between 80 % and 100 % of investment and thought centres, public and private, are strengthened for the generation of knowledge on climate change at national and regional level. Increase in knowledge to support climate change risk management and thus reduce damage and losses to vital infrastructures (housing, residential and hospital buildings), basic services (water and energy), telecommunications and energy and transport infrastructures. a. Climate monitoring systems and early warning systems with the participation and leadership of local communities and operating between 80 % and 100 % of municipalities in the country. b. Consolidation of information systems that articulate knowledge about the risk of different sectors, people and territories (e.g., SIIVRA).", + "context": "e. Entre el 80 % y 100 % de los centros de investi- gaci\u00f3n y pensamiento, p\u00fablicos y privados, est\u00e1n fortalecidos para la generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento sobre cambio clim\u00e1tico a nivel nacional y regional. Aumento en el conocimiento para apoyar la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo por cam- bio clim\u00e1tico y as\u00ed reducir los da\u00f1os y p\u00e9rdidas en las infraestructuras vitales (viviendas, edificaciones es- colares y hospitalarias), en los ser- vicios b\u00e1sicos (agua y energ\u00eda), las telecomunicaciones y en las infrae- structuras de energ\u00eda y transporte a. Sistemas de monitoreo clim\u00e1tico y alertas tempranas con participaci\u00f3n y liderazgo de las comunidades locales y funcionando entre el 80 % y 100 % de los municipios del pa\u00eds. b. Consolidaci\u00f3n de sistemas de infor- maci\u00f3n que articulen el conocimiento en- torno al riesgo de los diferentes sectores, personas y territorios (ejemplo, SIIVRA).", "answer": { "text": "Sistemas de monitoreo clim\u00e1tico y alertas tempranas con participaci\u00f3n", "answer_start": 85 @@ -40167,7 +41511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Disaster risk monitoring", "answer_start": 1069 @@ -40183,7 +41527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "Disaster risk monitoring", "answer_start": 789 @@ -40199,7 +41543,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "Disaster risk monitoring", "answer_start": 789 @@ -40215,7 +41559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "Disaster risk monitoring", "answer_start": 321 @@ -40231,7 +41575,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "Disaster risk monitoring", "answer_start": 299 @@ -40279,7 +41623,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Interactive web application for adaptation information in the industrial sector that promotes the strengthening of a business working network around adaptation. X Software Web tool visible to the different actors MinTransPort Carretero Georeferencing third-party road network Georeferencing as a fundamental aspect for the analysis of geospatial data, the basis for the correct localization of map information and the appropriate fusion and comparison of data from different sensors in different spatial and temporal locations x x x x x To be defined Satellite image processing for the analysis, intervention and monitoring of the sections where projects with adaptation actions and/or risk management are implemented MinTransPort Fluvial Georeferencing fluvial network x x x x To be defined MinTransPort F\u00e9rreo Georeferencing fertile network x x x x To be defined MinTransPort Carretero Mobile application development Mobile applications designed to be", + "context": "Aplicativo web interactivo en informaci\u00f3n de adaptaci\u00f3n del sector industria que favorezca el fortalecimiento de una red de trabajo empresarial en torno a la adaptaci\u00f3n. X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red vial terciaria Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes satelitales para el an\u00e1lisis, intervenci\u00f3n y seguimiento de los tramos donde se est\u00e1n implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y/o gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red f\u00e9rrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevenci\u00f3n, en la construcci\u00f3n de hist\u00f3ricos y la generaci\u00f3n de variables para el c\u00e1lculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre", "answer_start": 138 @@ -40295,7 +41639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "X Software Web tool visible to the different actors MinTrans porte Carretero Georeferencing third-party road network Georeferencing as a fundamental aspect for the analysis of geospatial data, a basis for the correct location of map information and appropriate fusion and comparison of data from different sensors in different spatial and temporal locations x x x x To be defined Satellite image processing for the analysis, intervention and monitoring of the sections where projects with adaptation and/or risk management are implemented MinTransporte Fluvial Georeferencing river network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georeferencing irrigation network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte Carretero Mobile application development Mobile applications designed to be run on phones, tablets and other mobile devices, which allow road managers and Territorial Directorates to provide information related to variables previously established for risk management and", + "context": "X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red vial terciaria Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes satelitales para el an\u00e1lisis, intervenci\u00f3n y seguimiento de los tramos donde se est\u00e1n implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y/o gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red f\u00e9rrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevenci\u00f3n, en la construcci\u00f3n de hist\u00f3ricos y la generaci\u00f3n de variables para el c\u00e1lculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n Mejorar el repositorio de informaci\u00f3n de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento r\u00e1pido y un buen desempe\u00f1o para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.", "answer": { "text": "Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre", "answer_start": 113 @@ -40311,7 +41655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Data from different sensors at different spatial and temporal locations x x x x x To be defined Processing of satellite images for analysis, intervention and monitoring of the sections where projects with adaptation actions and/or risk management are implemented MinTransporte Fluvial Georeferencing river network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georeferencing irrigation network x x x x To be defined MinTransporte Carretero Mobile application development Mobile applications designed to be run on phones, tablets and other mobile devices, which allow road managers and Territorial Directorates to provide information related to variables previously established to manage risk and enable adaptation actions to Climate Change, with the lowest uncertainty index x x Android and IOS software Mobile application development for emergency registration and prevention requirements, in the construction of histories and the generation of variables for risk calculation and/", + "context": "X Software Herramienta web visible a los diferentes actores MinTrans porte Carretero Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red vial terciaria Georreferenciaci\u00f3n como aspecto fundamental para el an\u00e1lisis de datos geoespaciales, base para la correcta localizaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n de mapa y adecuada fusi\u00f3n y comparaci\u00f3n de datos procedentes de diferentes sensores en diferentes localizaciones espaciales y temporales x x x x Por definir Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes satelitales para el an\u00e1lisis, intervenci\u00f3n y seguimiento de los tramos donde se est\u00e1n implementado los proyectos con acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y/o gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Fluvial Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red fluvial x x x x Por definir MinTransporte F\u00e9rreo Georreferenciaci\u00f3n red f\u00e9rrea x x x x Por definir MinTransporte Carretero Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles dise\u00f1ados para ser ejecutados en tel\u00e9fonos, tabletas y otros dispositivos m\u00f3viles, que permiten a los administradores viales y Direcciones Territoriales suministrar informaci\u00f3n relacionada con variables previamente establecidas para gestionar el riesgo y posibilitar acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, con el menor \u00edndice de incertidumbre x x Software Android e IOS Desarrollo aplicativo m\u00f3vil para registro de emergencias y requerimientos de prevenci\u00f3n, en la construcci\u00f3n de hist\u00f3ricos y la generaci\u00f3n de variables para el c\u00e1lculo del riesgo y/o seguimiento a los resultados en las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n. MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n Mejorar el repositorio de informaci\u00f3n de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento r\u00e1pido y un buen desempe\u00f1o para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario.", "answer": { "text": "Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n", "answer_start": 206 @@ -40327,7 +41671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo Web development for information retrieval Improve the information repository so that, although in the background, it has an impeccable appearance, fast operation and good performance to allow the best user experience. x x Android and IOS software Access data and information to interested value groups.", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n Mejorar el repositorio de informaci\u00f3n de manera que, aunque en segundo plano, tenga una apariencia impecable, un funcionamiento r\u00e1pido y un buen desempe\u00f1o para permitir la mejor experiencia de usuario. x x Software Android y IOS Consulta de datos y de informaci\u00f3n a grupos de valor interesados.", "answer": { "text": "Desarrollo web para consulta de informaci\u00f3n", "answer_start": 4 @@ -40343,7 +41687,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Increase the participation of companies in priority sectors implementing strategies, actions or projects for adaptation to climate change.Update NDC COLOMBIA - 2020 17 Objective and sector Related ODS Objective Alignment with the Sendai Framework TCNCC Transport dimension implemented to improve the Geographic Information Systems of transport infrastructure for risk management. Strengthen the governance (efficiency, quality, good orientation in sector interventions) of disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in transport sector institutions at central and territorial level according to their competences, including the improvement of the Geographic Information Systems of transport infrastructure. Transport 13.", + "context": "Este porcentaje debe ser evaluado en funci\u00f3n del resultado de la Encuesta Ambiental Industrial. Aumentar la participaci\u00f3n de empresas en los sectores priorizados que implementan estrategias, acciones o proyectos de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico.ACTUALIZACI\u00d3N NDC COLOMBIA - 2020 17 Meta y sector Objetivo ODS relacionados Alineaci\u00f3n con Marco de Sendai Dimensi\u00f3n de la TCNCC Transporte implementadas para mejorar los sistemas de Informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la infraestructura de transporte para la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo. Fortalecer la gobernanza (eficacia, calidad, buena orientaci\u00f3n en las intervenciones del sector) de la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres y la adaptaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico en las instituciones del sector transporte a nivel central y territorial seg\u00fan sus competencias, incluyendo la mejora de los sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la infraestructura de transporte. Transporte 13.", "answer": { "text": "la mejora de los sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la infraestructura de transporte", "answer_start": 113 @@ -40359,7 +41703,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Strengthen the governance (efficiency, quality, good orientation in sector interventions) of disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in transport sector institutions at central and territorial level according to their competences, including the improvement of the geographic information systems of the transport infrastructure. Transport 13. Two (2) documents of technical guidelines developed for carrying out risk studies for the transport infrastructure. Expand the knowledge of the territory, the factors of risk and climate change affecting the different modes of transport. Transport 14. Policy for Disaster Risk Management - GRD and Climate Change Adaptation - ACC formulated for the sector. Include disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in the planning and development instruments of the transport sector.", + "context": "Fortalecer la gobernanza (eficacia, calidad, buena orientaci\u00f3n en las intervenciones del sector) de la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres y la adaptaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico en las instituciones del sector transporte a nivel central y territorial seg\u00fan sus competencias, incluyendo la mejora de los sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la infraestructura de transporte. Transporte 13. Dos (2) documentos de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos elaborados para realizar estudios de riesgo para la infraestructura de transporte. Ampliar el conocimiento del territorio, los factores del riesgo y del cambio clim\u00e1tico que inciden en los diferentes modos de transporte. Transporte 14. Pol\u00edtica para la Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico - ACC formulada para el sector. Incluir la gesti\u00f3n del riesgo de desastres y la adaptaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico en los instrumentos de planificaci\u00f3n y desarrollo del sector transporte.", "answer": { "text": "la mejora de los sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la infraestructura de transporte", "answer_start": 40 @@ -40375,7 +41719,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "During the period of implementation of this contribution, the country will incorporate climate change adaptation criteria into standards and guidelines for public investment, so as to ensure its robustness against climate impacts. 4.4. By 2030, applications of guidelines with adaptation criteria, institutional linkage efforts and improvements in response capacity, among others, will have been developed to ensure the protection of infrastructure and the continuity of vital public services (health, education, water and sanitation, energy, transport) from extreme hydrometeorological events.", + "context": "Durante el per\u00edodo de implementaci\u00f3n de esta contribuci\u00f3n, el pa\u00eds incorporar\u00e1 criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico en normas y lineamientos para la inversi\u00f3n p\u00fablica, de manera que se asegure su robustez ante impactos clim\u00e1ticos. 4.4. Al 2030, se habr\u00e1n desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n, esfuerzos de articulaci\u00f3n institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios p\u00fablicos vitales (salud, educaci\u00f3n, agua y saneamiento, energ\u00eda, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorol\u00f3gicos extremos.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2030, se habr\u00e1n desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n, esfuerzos de articulaci\u00f3n institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios p\u00fablicos vitales (salud, educaci\u00f3n, agua y saneamiento, energ\u00eda, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorol\u00f3gicos extremos", "answer_start": 36 @@ -40391,7 +41735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribucio%CC%81n%20Nacionalmente%20Determinada%20de%20Costa%20Rica%202020%20-%20Versio%CC%81n%20Completa.pdf", - "context": "By 2030, applications of approaches with adaptation criteria, institutional linkage efforts and improvements in response capacity, among others, will have been developed to ensure the protection of infrastructure and the continuity of vital public services (health, education, water and sanitation, energy, transport) from extreme hydro-meteorological events. NATURAL-BASED SOLUTIONS COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION COUNTRIES WITH DISCRIMINATION", + "context": "Al 2030, se habr\u00e1n desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n, esfuerzos de articulaci\u00f3n institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios p\u00fablicos vitales (salud, educaci\u00f3n, agua y saneamiento, energ\u00eda, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorol\u00f3gicos extremos. SOLUCIONES BASADAS EN LA NATURALEza PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS COMUNIDADES AFRO Carbono negro marco de sendai COMUNIDADES AFRO marco de sendai PUEBLOS IND\u00cdGENAS Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Impacto sobre el bienestar CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada de Costa Rica 2020 Convenio Diversidad biol\u00f3gica convenio contra LA desertificaci\u00f3n Transici\u00f3n justa Transici\u00f3n justa marco de sendai Transici\u00f3n justaContribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada Costa Rica se compromete a apoyar la evoluci\u00f3n de los modelos econ\u00f3micos de sus sectores productivos a modelos m\u00e1s eficientes, bajos o cero emisiones, circulares, resilientes y sostenibles.", "answer": { "text": "Al 2030, se habr\u00e1n desarrollado aplicaciones de lineamientos con criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n, esfuerzos de articulaci\u00f3n institucional y mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta, entre otros, que permitan garantizar la protecci\u00f3n de la infraestructura y la continuidad de los servicios p\u00fablicos vitales (salud, educaci\u00f3n, agua y saneamiento, energ\u00eda, transporte) ante eventos hidrometeorol\u00f3gicos extremos", "answer_start": 0 @@ -40455,7 +41799,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Design and implement tools and incentives to bring climate change to the centre of business decision-making MinTransport Road, River, Fairway, Air Early Warning Strengthening \u2013 Knowledge Generation Have GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for mass movement and flood risk analysis (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPACITY CREATION/strengthening NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, program or project) Description of the program/project; Expected timeframe Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransport Road,", + "context": "Dise\u00f1ar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio clim\u00e1tico al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica.", "answer": { "text": "Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento", "answer_start": 26 @@ -40471,7 +41815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Strengthening of early warning \u2013 Knowledge generation Having GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with the transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for risk analysis by mass movements and flooding (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CREATION/FORTALECIMIENT OF CAPACITY NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, programme or project) Description of the programme/project; Expected time period Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransporte Carretero, A\u00e9reo", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica. Los procesos de cocreaci\u00f3n de las metodolog\u00edas a trav\u00e9s de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitar\u00e1 contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificaci\u00f3n de impactos y su posterior aplicaci\u00f3n y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.", "answer": { "text": "Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento", "answer_start": 5 @@ -40551,7 +41895,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Establish an integrated early warning system", "answer_start": 1114 @@ -40567,7 +41911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "Establish an integrated early warning system", "answer_start": 834 @@ -40583,7 +41927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "Establish an integrated early warning system", "answer_start": 834 @@ -40599,7 +41943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "Establish an integrated early warning system", "answer_start": 311 @@ -40615,7 +41959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "Establish an integrated early warning system", "answer_start": 289 @@ -40727,7 +42071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Design and implement tools and incentives to bring climate change to the centre of business decision-making MinTransport Road, River, Fairway, Air Early Warning Strengthening \u2013 Knowledge Generation Have GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for mass movement and flood risk analysis (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPACITY CREATION/strengthening NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, program or project) Description of the program/project; Expected timeframe Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransport Road,", + "context": "Dise\u00f1ar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio clim\u00e1tico al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica.", "answer": { "text": "Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 172 @@ -40743,7 +42087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Strengthening of early warning \u2013 Knowledge generation Having GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with the transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for risk analysis by mass movements and flooding (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CREATION/FORTALECIMIENT OF CAPACITY NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, programme or project) Description of the programme/project; Expected time period Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransporte Carretero, A\u00e9reo", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica. Los procesos de cocreaci\u00f3n de las metodolog\u00edas a trav\u00e9s de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitar\u00e1 contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificaci\u00f3n de impactos y su posterior aplicaci\u00f3n y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.", "answer": { "text": "Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 151 @@ -40759,7 +42103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero Terciario, fluvial y ferreo Program of Georeferencing and data capture from the source Implementation of the program of GIS and data capture in a central repository Donation IF IF A geographic information system (GIS) will be obtained to describe and categorize the transport infrastructure according to its geographical location with the aim of visualizing and analyzing the interventions carried out, the results of the adaptation actions and comparing the variables used with the threat maps carried out in the country MinTransporte Carretero, rail, river, air Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the transport sector Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the sector on issues of GRD and ACC Donation NO IF By means of the implementation of the program of capacity of the sector will be achieved better results in analyses of information related to vulnerability and risk", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y f\u00e9rreo Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donaci\u00f3n SI SI Se obtendr\u00e1 un sistema de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el pa\u00eds. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos.", "answer": { "text": "Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 175 @@ -40775,7 +42119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Transport Sector Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector on GRD and ACC Issues Donation NO SI By means of the implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector it will be possible to obtain better results in the analysis of information related to vulnerability and risk for the sector, which contributes to contribute with inputs for decision-making in the sector as regards climate change and risk management MinTransporte Carretero Methodological guide with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Development of the methodology with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Donation SI SI The methodology to be developed will make it possible to establish technical priorities for intervention with a lower degree of uncerta", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la construcci\u00f3n de la Pol\u00edtica para la Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico - ACC del sector.", "answer": { "text": "Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 90 @@ -40791,7 +42135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Design and implement tools and incentives to bring climate change to the centre of business decision-making MinTransport Road, River, Fairway, Air Early Warning Strengthening \u2013 Knowledge Generation Have GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for mass movement and flood risk analysis (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPACITY CREATION/strengthening NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, program or project) Description of the program/project; Expected timeframe Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransport Road,", + "context": "Dise\u00f1ar e implementar herramientas e incentivos para llevar el cambio clim\u00e1tico al centro de la toma de decisiones de las empresas. MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica.", "answer": { "text": "Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 153 @@ -40807,7 +42151,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Strengthening of early warning \u2013 Knowledge generation Having GIS-trained personnel to support IDEAM, in order to improve knowledge of hydrometeorological conditions associated with the transport infrastructure With GIS-trained personnel supporting IDEAM, the transport sector will be able to have information on a better scale (more local scale) to provide climatic variables required to incorporate into developing methodologies for risk analysis by mass movements and flooding (detonating variables associated with climate variations)xix SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CREATION/FORTALECIMIENT OF CAPACITY NDC Target Number Sector Subsector Title (of the activity, programme or project) Description of the programme/project; Expected time period Planned use, impact and expected results MinTransporte Carretero, A\u00e9reo", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, Fluvial, F\u00e9rreo, A\u00e9reo Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n del conocimiento Disponer de personal capacitado en SIG para apoyar al IDEAM, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte Con el personal especializado en SIG que apoye al IDEAM, el sector Transporte podr\u00e1 disponer de informaci\u00f3n a mejor escala (escala m\u00e1s local) para proporcionar variables climatol\u00f3gicas requeridas para incorporar a las metodolog\u00edas en desarrollo para an\u00e1lisis del Riesgo por movimientos en masa e inundaci\u00f3n (variables detonantes asociadas a las variaciones del clima)xix NECESIDADES DE APOYO PARA LA CREACI\u00d3N/FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES N\u00famero de Meta de la NDC Sector Subsector T\u00edtulo (de la actividad, programa o proyecto) Descripci\u00f3n del programa/proyecto; Periodo de tiempo esperado Uso previsto, impacto y resultados esperados MinTransporte Carretero, a\u00e9reo Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la elaboraci\u00f3n de lineamientos aplicable a diversos grupos de valor interesados: municipios, departamentos, concesionarios a cargo de este tipo de infraestructura Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la estructuraci\u00f3n de una metodol\u00f3gica a partir de los avances obtenidos y concretando la visi\u00f3n hol\u00edstica que exige la tem\u00e1tica. Los procesos de cocreaci\u00f3n de las metodolog\u00edas a trav\u00e9s de procesos de fortalecimiento institucional posibilitar\u00e1 contar con personal con los conocimientos necesarios para entender los procesos de identificaci\u00f3n de impactos y su posterior aplicaci\u00f3n y seguimiento para los proyectos que se desarrollen en el sector.", "answer": { "text": "Generaci\u00f3n de lineamientos t\u00e9cnicos para realizar estudios de riesgo en la infraestructura de transporte (carretero y a\u00e9reo) y una Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera", "answer_start": 132 @@ -40919,7 +42263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf", - "context": "Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of", + "context": "HEALTH BIODIVERSITY FORESTS Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on major surface Promotion of low water consumption systems and waste reduction 4.6.1.2.1.8 Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on the main surface watercourses and small dams which are easy to maintain for irrigation and animal watering (rehabilitation, construction and maintenance of dams and water reservoirs) 4.6.1.2.6 Promotion of low water consumption systems and reduction of existing waste in the urban water distribution network (Adoption of lower water consumption irrigation technologies) 4.6.1.2.1.8 Reducing people s vulnerability to climate change disease Rehabilitation of deforested areas for pasture creation, agriculture practice, forest resources exploitation 4.6.2.3.3.1 Applying management practices that increase the adaptive capacity of ecosystems - 4.6.1.6.1.5; (linked to the national biodiversity strategy, target 10: By 2035, place at least 20% of ecosystems critically affected by climate change under adaptive ecosystem management) Identification and replication of lessons and good practices on mitigation and adaptation (Target 10.3 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Establishment of cross-border conservation areas to maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss Promotion of the survey of knowledge on the contribution of biodiversity to the increase in the carbon stock, with a view to mitigating and adapting to climate change (based on Target 15 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Planning and management of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems 4.6.2.3. Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise)", "answer_start": 403 @@ -40935,7 +42279,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf", - "context": "Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes", + "context": "Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g. energy and waste) Updating climate scenarios and downscaling the results to cover the Mozambican territoryUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE It is understood that there is no base year and that the results will be compared with the BAU emissions scenarios of the implemented measures, considering two years to reach the target one from 2020 to 2025, made based on the last GHG Inventory provided in PBURM.", "answer": { "text": "Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise)", "answer_start": 175 @@ -40983,7 +42327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways,", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure", "answer_start": 79 @@ -40999,7 +42343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure", "answer_start": 35 @@ -41015,7 +42359,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "Measure 2: rehabilitation and protection against erosion (area between Ras Blat and the commercial port in Bizerte, area between Chatt Mami, area between Sousse Sud and Skanes in Monastir, area between Aghir in Djerba, area between Nabeul and Hammamet, area between Gammarth-Carthage,.). Measure 3: strengthening financing mechanisms through innovative economic instruments Measure 4: protection of coastal areas from the risk of marine intrusion Measure 5: extension, rehabilitation and protection of fishing ports in accordance with the results of the port management plan and taking into account the impacts of climate change 1.5 ECONOMIC RESILIENCE \u2013 RECO Priority 1: modernising information management, facilitating access to and sharing of knowledge and predicting risks related to climate change Measure 1: undertake, in consultation with stakeholders, forward-looking studies", + "context": "Priorit\u00e9 3 : Programme pour l am\u00e9nagement, la protection et la r\u00e9habilitation des paysages et \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers et marin \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 1 : \u0007 Prot\u00e9ger et pr\u00e9server les biens et services des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers et marins vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la pollution et autres effets du changement climatique \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 2 : \u0007 R\u00e9habilitation et protection contre l \u00e9rosion (zone entre Ras Blat et le port de commerce \u00e0 Bizerte, zone de Chatt Mami, zone entre Sousse Sud et Skanes \u00e0 Monastir, zone de Aghir \u00e0 Djerba, zone entre Nabeul et Hammamet, zone entre Gammarth-Carthage,.). \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 3 : \u0007 Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de financement par des instruments \u00e9conomiques novateurs \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 4 : \u0007 Protection des nappes littorales des risques d intrusion marine \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 5 : \u0007 Extension, r\u00e9habilitation et protection des ports de p\u00eache en ad\u00e9quation avec les r\u00e9sultats du plan directeur des ports et en prenant en consid\u00e9ration les impacts du changement climatique 1.5 R\u00c9SILIENCE \u00c9CONOMIQUE \u2013 RECO Priorit\u00e9 1 : Moderniser la gestion de l information, faciliter l acc\u00e8s et le partage des connaissances et pr\u00e9voir les risques en lien avec le changement climatique \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 1 : \u0007 Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des \u00e9tudes prospectives sur les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, les co\u00fbts de l\u2019inaction et les pistes d\u2019adaptation des principales fili\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques vuln\u00e9rables (tourisme, b\u00e2timents/constructions, banques et finances, transports, \u00e9nergie, num\u00e9rique, etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des \u00e9tudes prospectives sur les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, les co\u00fbts de l\u2019inaction et les pistes d\u2019adaptation des principales fili\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques vuln\u00e9rables (tourisme, b\u00e2timents/constructions, banques et finances, transports, \u00e9nergie, num\u00e9rique, etc.)", "answer_start": 198 @@ -41031,7 +42375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Measure 3: Strengthen financing mechanisms through innovative economic instruments Measure 4: Protect coastal areas from the risk of marine intrusion Measure 5: Expansion, rehabilitation and protection of fishing ports in line with the results of the port management plan and taking into account the impacts of climate change 1.5 ECONOMIC RESILIENCE \u2013 RECO Priority 1: Modernise information management, facilitate access and sharing of knowledge and anticipate risks related to climate change Measure 1: Undertake, in consultation with stakeholders, forward-looking studies on vulnerabilities, the costs of inaction and adaptation pathways of key vulnerable economic sectors (tourism, buildings/construction, banking and finance, transport, energy, digital, etc.) Measure 2: Define a framework for assessing the impacts of climate change on the profitability of economic projects and decision support criteria to guide", + "context": "\u2022 \u0007 Mesure 3 : \u0007 Renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de financement par des instruments \u00e9conomiques novateurs \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 4 : \u0007 Protection des nappes littorales des risques d intrusion marine \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 5 : \u0007 Extension, r\u00e9habilitation et protection des ports de p\u00eache en ad\u00e9quation avec les r\u00e9sultats du plan directeur des ports et en prenant en consid\u00e9ration les impacts du changement climatique 1.5 R\u00c9SILIENCE \u00c9CONOMIQUE \u2013 RECO Priorit\u00e9 1 : Moderniser la gestion de l information, faciliter l acc\u00e8s et le partage des connaissances et pr\u00e9voir les risques en lien avec le changement climatique \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 1 : \u0007 Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des \u00e9tudes prospectives sur les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, les co\u00fbts de l\u2019inaction et les pistes d\u2019adaptation des principales fili\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques vuln\u00e9rables (tourisme, b\u00e2timents/constructions, banques et finances, transports, \u00e9nergie, num\u00e9rique, etc.) \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 2 : \u0007 D\u00e9finir un cadre d\u2019\u00e9valuation des impacts du changement climatique sur la rentabilit\u00e9 des projets \u00e9conomiques et des crit\u00e8res d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision pour orienter les investissements \u2022 \u0007 Mesure 3 : \u0007 Actualiser la digitalisation des potentialit\u00e9s touristiques littorales et \u00e9tendre l exercice aux autres potentialit\u00e9s naturelles, sociales, patrimoniales, culturelles, \u2026 des territoires de l int\u00e9rieur du pays.", "answer": { "text": "Engager, en concertation avec les parties prenantes, des \u00e9tudes prospectives sur les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, les co\u00fbts de l\u2019inaction et les pistes d\u2019adaptation des principales fili\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques vuln\u00e9rables (tourisme, b\u00e2timents/constructions, banques et finances, transports, \u00e9nergie, num\u00e9rique, etc.)", "answer_start": 103 @@ -41063,7 +42407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero Terciario, fluvial y ferreo Program of Georeferencing and data capture from the source Implementation of the program of GIS and data capture in a central repository Donation IF IF A geographic information system (GIS) will be obtained to describe and categorize the transport infrastructure according to its geographical location with the aim of visualizing and analyzing the interventions carried out, the results of the adaptation actions and comparing the variables used with the threat maps carried out in the country MinTransporte Carretero, rail, river, air Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the transport sector Implementation of the program of capacity-building of the sector on issues of GRD and ACC Donation NO IF By means of the implementation of the program of capacity of the sector will be achieved better results in analyses of information related to vulnerability and risk", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y f\u00e9rreo Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donaci\u00f3n SI SI Se obtendr\u00e1 un sistema de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el pa\u00eds. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos.", "answer": { "text": "Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte", "answer_start": 90 @@ -41079,7 +42423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Transport Sector Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector on GRD and ACC Issues Donation NO SI By means of the implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector it will be possible to obtain better results in the analysis of information related to vulnerability and risk for the sector, which contributes to contribute with inputs for decision-making in the sector as regards climate change and risk management MinTransporte Carretero Methodological guide with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Development of the methodology with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Donation SI SI The methodology to be developed will make it possible to establish technical priorities for intervention with a lower degree of uncerta", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la construcci\u00f3n de la Pol\u00edtica para la Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico - ACC del sector.", "answer": { "text": "Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte", "answer_start": 5 @@ -41095,7 +42439,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "Transport sector Implementation of the sector capacity-building programme on GRD and ACC issues Donation NO SI Through the implementation of the sector capacity-building programme, better results will be obtained in the analysis of information related to vulnerability and risk for the sector, which contributes to contributing with inputs to decision-making in the sector on climate change and risk management MinTransporte Carretero Methodological guide with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of risk in road infrastructure Development of the methodology with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of risk in road infrastructure Donation SI SI The methodology to be developed will make it possible to establish technical priorities for intervention with a lower degree of uncertainty and adaptation actions based on physical, social and environmental variables in the territory in contribution to the sustainable development of the country MinTransporte Carretero Strengthening of early warnings \u2013", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero terciario, fluvial y f\u00e9rreo Programa de Georreferenciaci\u00f3n y captura de datos desde la fuente Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de SIG y captura de datos en un repositorio central Donaci\u00f3n SI SI Se obtendr\u00e1 un sistema de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica (SIG), para describir y categorizar la infraestructura de transporte a cargo respecto a su ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica con el objetivo de visualizar y analizar las intervenciones realizadas, los resultados de las acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n y comparar las variables empleadas con mapas de amenazas realizadas en el pa\u00eds. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos.", "answer": { "text": "Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento", "answer_start": 252 @@ -41111,7 +42455,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20actualizada%20de%20Colombia.pdf", - "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Transport Sector Implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector on GRD and ACC Issues Donation NO SI By means of the implementation of the Capacity Building Program of the Sector it will be possible to obtain better results in the analysis of information related to vulnerability and risk for the sector, which contributes to contribute with inputs for decision-making in the sector as regards climate change and risk management MinTransporte Carretero Methodological guide with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Development of the methodology with a multi-hazard approach for the quantitative calculation of the Risk in the road infrastructure Donation SI SI The methodology to be developed will make it possible to establish technical priorities for intervention with a lower degree of uncerta", + "context": "MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector transporte Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de creaci\u00f3n de capacidades del sector en temas de GRD y ACC Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Por medio de la implementaci\u00f3n del programa de capacidades del sector se lograr\u00e1 obtener mejores resultados en los an\u00e1lisis de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la vulnerabilidad y riesgo para el sector, lo cual aporta a contribuir con insumos para la toma de decisiones en el sector en cuanto a cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n del riesgo MinTransporte Carretero Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Elaboraci\u00f3n de la metodolog\u00eda con enfoque multiamenaza para el c\u00e1lculo cuantitativo del Riesgo en la infraestructura carretera Donaci\u00f3n SI SI La metodolog\u00eda a desarrollar posibilitar\u00e1 el establecimiento de priorizaciones t\u00e9cnicas de intervenci\u00f3n con menor grado de incertidumbre y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n a partir de variables f\u00edsicas, sociales yxxvii ambientales en el territorio en contribuci\u00f3n con el desarrollo sostenible del pa\u00eds MinTransporte Carretero Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento Personal capacitado en SIG, para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones hidrometeorol\u00f3gicas asociadas a la infraestructura de Transporte carretero Donaci\u00f3n NO SI Personal capacitado que permita mejorar el suministro y la escala de informaci\u00f3n de los temas clim\u00e1ticos. MinTransporte Carretero, f\u00e9rreo, fluvial, A\u00e9reo Asistencia t\u00e9cnica para la construcci\u00f3n de la Pol\u00edtica para la Gesti\u00f3n de Riesgo de Desastres - GRD y la Adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico - ACC del sector.", "answer": { "text": "Fortalecimiento de alertas tempranas \u2013 Generaci\u00f3n de conocimiento", "answer_start": 167 @@ -41127,7 +42471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways,", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts", "answer_start": 64 @@ -41143,7 +42487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts", "answer_start": 20 @@ -41159,7 +42503,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways,", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.", "answer_start": 113 @@ -41175,7 +42519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.", "answer_start": 69 @@ -41191,7 +42535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation", "answer_start": 1145 @@ -41207,7 +42551,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation", "answer_start": 865 @@ -41223,7 +42567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation", "answer_start": 865 @@ -41239,7 +42583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation", "answer_start": 329 @@ -41255,7 +42599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation", "answer_start": 307 @@ -41383,7 +42727,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "In 2050, between 70% and 90% of households report carrying out activities to have more sustainable housing. 4. Promoting sustainable mobility a. Promoting alternatives to sustainable mobility (public transport, bicycles, electric vehicles) and ensuring the infrastructure necessary for citizens to adopt sustainable mobility (efficient public transport, cycle lanes, electric charging stations for vehicles). In 2050, between 40% and 50% of the population of capital cities are mobilising in inclusive and alternative means of transport to work or study. 5.", + "context": "En 2050, entre el 70 % y 90 % de los hogares reporta llevar a cabo actividades para tener una vivienda m\u00e1s sostenible. 4. Promoci\u00f3n de una movilidad sostenible a. Promover alternativas de movilidad sostenible (transporte p\u00fablico, bicicleta, ve- h\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos) as\u00ed como asegurar la infrae- structura necesaria para que los ciudadanos puedan adoptar una movilidad sostenible (transporte p\u00fablico eficiente, ciclorutas, esta- ciones de carga el\u00e9ctrica para veh\u00edculos). En 2050, entre el 40 % y 50 % de la poblaci\u00f3n de las ciudades capitales se moviliza en medios de transportes inclusivos y alternativos para desplazarse a sitios de trabajo o estudio. 5.", "answer": { "text": "ciclorutas", "answer_start": 60 @@ -41399,7 +42743,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Definition and implementation of a policy for the renewal of taxis and condos. Modernization of the public vehicle fleet by electric and hybrid units. 22. Design and implementation of the feeder bus network, in addition to mass transport and the main bus network. New natural gas units. 23. Adequacy of a safe and efficient school transport service with electric buses. 24. Introduction of enabling frameworks for the modernization of the private vehicle fleet (replacement by hybrid vehicles and 100% electric vehicles). 25. Adequacy of the cycle route network with the implementation of bicycles in large cities. 26. Creation of express bus lines for large cities (express routes). (Coalition) 27.", + "context": "Definici\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n de una pol\u00edtica de renovaci\u00f3n de taxis y conchos. Modernizaci\u00f3n del parque vehicular p\u00fablico por unidades el\u00e9ctricas e h\u00edbridas. 22. Dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n de la red de bus alimentadores, en complemento del transporte masivo y la red de bus principal. Nuevas unidades a gas natural. 23. Adecuaci\u00f3n de un servicio de transporte escolar seguro y eficiente con buses el\u00e9ctricos. 24. Introducci\u00f3n de marcos habilitantes para la modernizaci\u00f3n del parque de veh\u00edculos privados (sustituci\u00f3n por veh\u00edculos h\u00edbridos y 100 % el\u00e9ctricos). 25. Adecuaci\u00f3n de red para ciclo v\u00edas con la implementaci\u00f3n de las bicicletas en las grandes ciudades. 26. Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)", "answer_start": 101 @@ -41415,7 +42759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Establishment of express bus lines for large cities (express lines). (Coalition) 27. Implementation of the technical inspection program for all vehicles in circulation (measurement of parameters). (Coalition) INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESS USES SECTOR (IPPU). 4 mitigation options:Nationally Determined Contribution 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Cement Production: 28. Use of alternative fuels (including biomass) as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels (coal/pet coke etc.). 29. Operation of an optimized cement plant with renewable energy. 30. Additional reduction of clinker content in Dominican cement. 31. Increase reforestation of quarries and planting of endemic trees in dam areas in Dominican cement plants.", + "context": "Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) 27. Implementaci\u00f3n del programa de inspecciones t\u00e9cnicas a todos los veh\u00edculos en circulaci\u00f3n (medici\u00f3n de par\u00e1metros). (Cualitativa) SECTOR USO DE PRODUCTOS y PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES (IPPU). 4 opciones de mitigaci\u00f3n:Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 Producci\u00f3n de cementos: 28. Uso de combustibles alternativos (incluye biomasa) como sustituto de los combustibles f\u00f3siles convencionales (carb\u00f3n/pet coke etc.). 29. Operaci\u00f3n de planta de cemento optimizada con energ\u00eda renovable. 30. Reducci\u00f3n adicional del contenido de cl\u00ednker en el cemento dominicano. 31. Incremento reforestaci\u00f3n de canteras y siembra de \u00e1rboles end\u00e9micos en \u00e1reas de amortiguamiento en cementeras dominicanas. SECTOR AFOLU.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)", "answer_start": 0 @@ -41431,7 +42775,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "Title of the option: Creation of Bus Express Lines for Large Cities (Express Lines) (Coalition) Objective Reduction of GHGs in the transport sector, with a pilot design and investment in a Bus Express Line Responsible Entity (Institution that monitors, reports and verifies the option) Type of Instrument (GHG Measure, Non-GHG Target and Enabling Framework) Status (Planned, Approved, Implemented) Sector and Categories by (Identify specific sectors and categories) Gases (GHGs) (Reported Direct and Indirect Gases) Estimated Financing (Expressed in USD) Nationally Determined Contribution 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT N/A Planning (2021-2023) Planned Implementation N/A Energy Sector, Category: Truck.", + "context": "T\u00edtulo de la opci\u00f3n: Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de Bus Express para grandes ciudades (Carriles expresos). (Cualitativa) Objetivo Reducci\u00f3n de GEI en el sector transporte, con un dise\u00f1o e inversi\u00f3n de un piloto en una l\u00ednea de Bus Express. Entidad Responsable (Instituci\u00f3n que monitorea, reporta y verifica la opci\u00f3n) Tipo de Instrumento (Meta GEI, Meta No GEI y Marco Habilitante) Estado (En planificaci\u00f3n, aprobado, en ejecuci\u00f3n) Sector y Categor\u00edas seg\u00fan (Identificar sector y categor\u00edas especificas) Gases (GEI) (Gases Directos e Indirectos reportados) Financiamiento estimado (Expresado en USD)Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada 2020 - NDC-RD 2020 INTRANT N/D Planificaci\u00f3n (2021-2023) Ejecuci\u00f3n Prevista N/D Sector Energ\u00eda, Categor\u00eda: carretero. O N/D Breve descripci\u00f3n de la opci\u00f3n Se pretende crear l\u00edneas de buses expresos en otras ciudades de la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana para promover el transporte p\u00fablico m\u00e1s eficiente con mejor calidad de vida.", "answer": { "text": "Creaci\u00f3n de l\u00edneas de bus express para grandes ciudades (carriles expresos). (Cualitativa)", "answer_start": 4 @@ -41463,7 +42807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SingaporeLongtermlowemissionsdevelopmentstrategy.pdf", - "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed", + "context": "We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: \u2022 Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; \u2022 Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times; and \u2022 Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.", "answer": { "text": "Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers\u2019 commute times", "answer_start": 51 @@ -41495,7 +42839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_SLOVENIA_EN.pdf", - "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling", + "context": "To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik\u2013Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana\u2013Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper\u2013Ljubljana (new Koper\u2013Diva\u010da line, upgrade of the Diva\u010da\u2013Ljubljana section), Maribor\u2013\u0160entilj, Pragersko\u2013Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most\u2013 Pragersko, Ljubljana\u2013Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society\u2019s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.", "answer": { "text": "further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);", "answer_start": 80 @@ -41639,7 +42983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/COL_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "The energy intensity of freight transport will be reduced between 30% and 45% in 2050, compared to 2015. Air transport and airports with technologies that reduce climate change risks, noise and GHG emissions (as in Colombia) are developing with productivity increases and constant price improvements a. Restriction of the operation of aircraft that exceed CO emissions to a defined limit in accordance with technological surveillance. b. 100% of the country's air and airport infrastructure reduces climate risk.", + "context": "La intensidad energ\u00e9tica del trans- porte de carga se reducir\u00e1 entre el 30 % y 45 % en 2050, comparado con 2015. Transporte a\u00e9reo y aeropuertos con tecnolog\u00edas que reduzcan el ries- go por cambio clim\u00e1tico, el ruido y las emisiones GEI (en lo que corre- sponda a Colombia) desarroll\u00e1ndose con aumentos de productividad y mejora constante de precios a. Restricci\u00f3n de operaci\u00f3n de aviones que superen emisiones de CO respecto a un l\u00edmite definido acorde con la vigilancia tecnol\u00f3gica. b. El 100 % de la infraestructura aeron\u00e1utica y aeroportuaria del pa\u00eds reduce el riesgo clim\u00e1tico. Pico de gasolina y di\u00e9sel para el a\u00f1o 2040 y fin del ingreso de nue- vos veh\u00edculos con motores mov- idos por esos combustibles a.", "answer": { "text": "El 100 % de la infraestructura aeron\u00e1utica y aeroportuaria del pa\u00eds reduce el riesgo clim\u00e1tic", "answer_start": 81 @@ -41655,7 +42999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above-mentioned measures, a number of other measures have been adopted, such as the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establish", + "context": "- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la poblaci\u00f3n; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento seg\u00fan los est\u00e1ndares ecol\u00f3gicos; sistemas de prevenci\u00f3n, alerta temprana, gesti\u00f3n y superaci\u00f3n del impacto de eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos (olas de fr\u00edo y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero.", "answer": { "text": "infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos", "answer_start": 56 @@ -41671,7 +43015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Council of Ministers, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", + "context": "- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero. - Energ\u00eda: promover la interacci\u00f3n agua-energ\u00eda-tierra con fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables; protecci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura del sistema energ\u00e9tico; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energ\u00e9tica en cualquier condici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, introducir mejores est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en equipos e inmuebles.", "answer": { "text": "infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos", "answer_start": 2 @@ -41687,7 +43031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above-mentioned measures, a number of other measures have been adopted, such as the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establish", + "context": "- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la poblaci\u00f3n; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento seg\u00fan los est\u00e1ndares ecol\u00f3gicos; sistemas de prevenci\u00f3n, alerta temprana, gesti\u00f3n y superaci\u00f3n del impacto de eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos (olas de fr\u00edo y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero.", "answer": { "text": "aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas)", "answer_start": 67 @@ -41703,7 +43047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Council of Ministers, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", + "context": "- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero. - Energ\u00eda: promover la interacci\u00f3n agua-energ\u00eda-tierra con fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables; protecci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura del sistema energ\u00e9tico; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energ\u00e9tica en cualquier condici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, introducir mejores est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en equipos e inmuebles.", "answer": { "text": "aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas)", "answer_start": 13 @@ -41719,7 +43063,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above-mentioned measures, a number of other measures have been adopted, such as the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establishment of the National Commission for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, the establish", + "context": "- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la poblaci\u00f3n; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento seg\u00fan los est\u00e1ndares ecol\u00f3gicos; sistemas de prevenci\u00f3n, alerta temprana, gesti\u00f3n y superaci\u00f3n del impacto de eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos (olas de fr\u00edo y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero.", "answer": { "text": "el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero", "answer_start": 89 @@ -41735,7 +43079,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Council of Ministers, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", + "context": "- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposici\u00f3n a los riesgos clim\u00e1ticos; aumentar la resiliencia clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, v\u00edas); adopci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos y est\u00e1ndares de resiliencia clim\u00e1tica; el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero. - Energ\u00eda: promover la interacci\u00f3n agua-energ\u00eda-tierra con fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables; protecci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica de la infraestructura del sistema energ\u00e9tico; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energ\u00e9tica en cualquier condici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, introducir mejores est\u00e1ndares de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en equipos e inmuebles.", "answer": { "text": "el acceso de la poblaci\u00f3n rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de g\u00e9nero", "answer_start": 35 @@ -42007,7 +43351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "Thus, Cameroonians, especially women, children and vulnerable persons, and the country\u2019s economic sectors will acquire greater resilience and capacity to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. Republic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 6.1 Priorities for adaptation and resilience in Cameroon Table 2: Adaptation priorities by sector and corresponding SDO Sector SDO Priorities Corresponding Agriculture - Promote climate-smart agriculture to strengthen resilience and improve investments in adaptation and strengthen the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Strengthen the value chain in agriculture Energy - Ensure sustainable energy supply and undertake certification of the climate resilience of energy infrastructure - Ensure energy security Infrastructure - Build climate-resistant infrastructure, including rail systems, airports and", + "context": "Ainsi les Camerounais particuli\u00e8rement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vuln\u00e9rables et les secteurs \u00e9conomiques du pays vont acqu\u00e9rir une plus grande r\u00e9silience et une plus grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation aux impacts n\u00e9gatifs des changements climatiques.R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.1 Les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019adaptation et la r\u00e9silience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorit\u00e9s ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience et am\u00e9liorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la cha\u00eene de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique durable et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la certification de la r\u00e9silience climatique des infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques - Garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des syst\u00e8mes ferroviaires, des a\u00e9roports et des ports maritimes, qui r\u00e9sistent au climat gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l int\u00e9gration de mesures d adaptation et de r\u00e9silience pour am\u00e9liorer la durabilit\u00e9. - Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux", "answer_start": 188 @@ -42023,7 +43367,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "- Supporting regional infrastructure and improving trade and Strengthening the resilience of regional transport corridors - Ensuring the resilience of urban and rural transport systemsRepublic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 Population resilience - Strengthening the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Developing human skills sensitive to climate change issues - Strengthening social solidarity - Establishing a mechanism for monitoring adaptation to climate change specific to local vulnerabilities - Contributing to the eradication of extreme poverty Economy and development - Strengthening the business environment to increase investment in the transition to resilient development - Strengthening the mobilization of resources necessary for financing adaptation - Supporting the promotion of circular economy initiatives and supporting job creation in the waste recycling sector ODD 8 & ODD", + "context": "- Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e. Projet 1 : Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019observation, de gestion des informations et d\u2019alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et op\u00e9rationnalisation du fonds d\u2019urgence ; Projet 3 : \u00c9laboration de Plan d\u2019Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des d\u00e9cideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures \u00e0 prendre ; Projet 5 : R\u00e9silience des infrastructures et des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9veloppement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.", "answer": { "text": "Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux", "answer_start": 10 @@ -42039,7 +43383,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "Food storage - Strengthening the value chain in agriculture Energy - Ensuring sustainable energy supply and certifying the climate resilience of energy infrastructure - Ensuring energy security Infrastructure - Building climate resilient infrastructure, including rail systems, airports and seaports, through the integration of adaptation and resilience measures to improve sustainability - Supporting regional infrastructure and improving trade and strengthening the resilience of regional transport corridors - Ensuring the resilience of urban and rural transport systemsRepublic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 Population resilience - Strengthening the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Developing human skills sensitive to climate change issues - Strengthening social solidarity - Establishing a mechanism for monitoring adaptation to climate change specific to local vulnerabilities - Contribu", + "context": "Ainsi les Camerounais particuli\u00e8rement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vuln\u00e9rables et les secteurs \u00e9conomiques du pays vont acqu\u00e9rir une plus grande r\u00e9silience et une plus grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation aux impacts n\u00e9gatifs des changements climatiques.R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.1 Les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019adaptation et la r\u00e9silience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorit\u00e9s ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience et am\u00e9liorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la cha\u00eene de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique durable et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la certification de la r\u00e9silience climatique des infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques - Garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des syst\u00e8mes ferroviaires, des a\u00e9roports et des ports maritimes, qui r\u00e9sistent au climat gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l int\u00e9gration de mesures d adaptation et de r\u00e9silience pour am\u00e9liorer la durabilit\u00e9. - Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et rural", "answer_start": 197 @@ -42055,7 +43399,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "- Supporting regional infrastructure and improving trade and Strengthening the resilience of regional transport corridors - Ensuring the resilience of urban and rural transport systemsRepublic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 Population resilience - Strengthening the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Developing human skills sensitive to climate change issues - Strengthening social solidarity - Establishing a mechanism for monitoring adaptation to climate change specific to local vulnerabilities - Contributing to the eradication of extreme poverty Economy and development - Strengthening the business environment to increase investment in the transition to resilient development - Strengthening the mobilization of resources necessary for financing adaptation - Supporting the promotion of circular economy initiatives and supporting job creation in the waste recycling sector ODD 8 & ODD", + "context": "- Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e. Projet 1 : Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019observation, de gestion des informations et d\u2019alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et op\u00e9rationnalisation du fonds d\u2019urgence ; Projet 3 : \u00c9laboration de Plan d\u2019Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des d\u00e9cideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures \u00e0 prendre ; Projet 5 : R\u00e9silience des infrastructures et des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9veloppement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.", "answer": { "text": "Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et rural", "answer_start": 19 @@ -42071,7 +43415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "Adaptation measures by vulnerable sectors Sector Adaptation measures Agriculture and livestock Development of a climate-resilient and intelligent agricultural policy Development of agropastoral irrigation Implementation of an effective early warning and response system throughout the territory in the event of the emergence of new bovine or caprine diseases Biodiversity and forestry Extension of protected area status Extension of reforested area Fisheries and coastal and marine ecosystems Monitoring and restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems Awareness and safety of fishermen in the face of climate hazards Water resources Public access to an improved water source Dissemination and adoption of the principle of integrated water resources management Health Development of a sustainable strategy to combat malaria and new emerging diseases such as COVID-19 Development and implementation of an effective early warning and response system throughout the territory in the event of the emergence", + "context": "Actions d\u2019adaptation par secteurs vuln\u00e9rables Secteur Actions d\u2019adaptation Agriculture et \u00e9levage D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une politique agricole r\u00e9siliente et intelligente au climat D\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversit\u00e9 et for\u00eat Extension de la superficie disposant d\u2019un statut d\u2019aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e Extension de la superficie rebois\u00e9e P\u00eache et \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers et marins Suivi et restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins et c\u00f4tiers Sensibilisation et s\u00e9curisation des p\u00eacheurs face aux al\u00e9as climatiques Ressources en eau Acc\u00e8s de la population \u00e0 une source d\u2019eau am\u00e9lior\u00e9e Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des ressources en eau Sant\u00e9 D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies \u00e9mergentes comme la COVID-19 D\u00e9veloppement et mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce et d\u2019intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouvelles maladies. Infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales D\u00e9veloppement et mis en \u0153uvre de plans d\u2019am\u00e9nagement/d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales int\u00e9grant le changement climatique R\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures routi\u00e8res actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vuln\u00e9rables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles.", "answer": { "text": "R\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures routi\u00e8res actuelles", "answer_start": 172 @@ -42087,7 +43431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "Economic and social infrastructure Development and implementation of development plans/development of economic and social infrastructure integrating climate change Rehabilitation of existing road infrastructure RRC Identification and mapping of areas vulnerable to natural disaster risks Implementation of a system of building standards that takes disaster risks into account Integration and awareness-raising Awareness-raising of the impacts of the JRC Capacity-building at all levels on the definition and implementation of adaptation measures at the JRC Specific short- and medium-term actions and project ideas are identified for each sector in an annexed implementation plan, with a prioritisation of these actions and a cost estimate given for each action/project idea.4.", + "context": "Infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales D\u00e9veloppement et mis en \u0153uvre de plans d\u2019am\u00e9nagement/d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures \u00e9conomiques et sociales int\u00e9grant le changement climatique R\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures routi\u00e8res actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vuln\u00e9rables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles. Mise en application d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de normes de construction qui prend en compte les risques de catastrophe Int\u00e9gration et sensibilisation Sensibilisation aux impacts du CC Renforcement de capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les niveaux sur la d\u00e9finition et la mise en \u0153uvre des mesures d\u2019adaptation au CC Des actions sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 court et moyen termes et des id\u00e9es de projet sont identifi\u00e9es pour chaque secteur dans un plan de mise en \u0153uvre annexe, avec une priorisation de ces actions et une estimation des co\u00fbts, donn\u00e9e pour chaque action / id\u00e9es de projet.4.", "answer": { "text": "R\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures routi\u00e8res actuelles", "answer_start": 21 @@ -42151,7 +43495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf", - "context": "of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the", + "context": "HEALTH BIODIVERSITY FORESTS Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on major surface Promotion of low water consumption systems and waste reduction 4.6.1.2.1.8 Construction of agro-hydraulic infrastructure on the main surface watercourses and small dams which are easy to maintain for irrigation and animal watering (rehabilitation, construction and maintenance of dams and water reservoirs) 4.6.1.2.6 Promotion of low water consumption systems and reduction of existing waste in the urban water distribution network (Adoption of lower water consumption irrigation technologies) 4.6.1.2.1.8 Reducing people s vulnerability to climate change disease Rehabilitation of deforested areas for pasture creation, agriculture practice, forest resources exploitation 4.6.2.3.3.1 Applying management practices that increase the adaptive capacity of ecosystems - 4.6.1.6.1.5; (linked to the national biodiversity strategy, target 10: By 2035, place at least 20% of ecosystems critically affected by climate change under adaptive ecosystem management) Identification and replication of lessons and good practices on mitigation and adaptation (Target 10.3 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Establishment of cross-border conservation areas to maintain ecosystem functions and allow wildlife migrations - 4.6.1.6.1.3 Reclassification and re-dimensioning of conservation areas, identifying areas at risk of biodiversity loss Promotion of the survey of knowledge on the contribution of biodiversity to the increase in the carbon stock, with a view to mitigating and adapting to climate change (based on Target 15 of the National Biodiversity Strategy) Planning and management of biodiversity and coastal ecosystems 4.6.2.3. Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient", "answer_start": 424 @@ -42167,7 +43511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_EN_Final.pdf", - "context": "of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the", + "context": "Ensuring the protection of biodiversity (4.6.1.6.1 Reducing the rate of deforestation and uncontrolled Establishment and increased adoption of integrated agroforestry systems (agro-silvo-pastoral); use of multiple-use forest species: shade/nitrogen fixing/forage (REDD+, MozBIO, FIP, Sustenta, Payment for Carbon Credits in Zambezia) - new Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and grasslands through landscape rehabilitation (REDD+, MozFIP) - newUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Increasing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable Developing resilience mechanisms for urban areas and other Suitability of tourist areas and coastal zones development to reduce climate change impacts 4.6.1.8.2 Develop and implement approaches for community-based adaptation through Local Adaptation Plans 4.6.1.4.1.1 Strengthening basic social protection MEASURES in relation to climate change so that it contributes to the resilience of vulnerable populations 4.6.1.4.1.2 Strengthening the capacity for targeting and orientation of the Productive Social Action programme to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups 4.6.1.4.1.3 Strengthening links between the social protection system and the natural disaster response system, including linkage with early warning systems 4.6.1.4.1.4 Drafting and updating climate-robust planning and spatial planning instruments and strengthening their implementation 4.6.1.8.1.1 Mapping of vulnerable infrastructure or infrastructure at risk according to the type of climatic phenomenon (floods, cyclones, sea level rise) 4.6.1.8.1.2 Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient 4.6.1.8.1.3 Ensuring that investments, particularly public, in risk areas are climate-proofed 4.6.1.8.1.4 Promoting the design and implementation of potential climate risk insurance mechanisms in the built heritage 4.6.1.8.1.5 Strengthening the resilience of the cities of Quelimane and Nacala in relation to flood and erosion control 4.6.1.8.1.6 Mapping of regions prone to soil erosion and landslides 4.6.1.8.1.7 Drawing up projects for the construction of water supply infrastructures taking into account the occurrence of the main natural phenomena 4.6.1.8.1.8 Adoption of resilient measures to natural hazards during the implementation of water supply infrastructures (abstraction, storage, transport and distribution) 4.6.1.8.1.9 Assessment of the main climatic risks for resources and areas of interest to tourism 4.6.1.8.2.1 Advising operators on appropriate building codes 4.6.1.8.2.2 Promoting good practices among operators and tourists, through public-private partnerships, aimed at the resilience of the sector and the conservation of ecosystems 4.6.1.8.2.3 Development of conservation and coastal protection practices 4.6.1.8.2.4 Promoting the adoption of climate insurance for tourism activities and infrastructures 4.6.1.8.2.5 Implementation of the Technological Action Plan and Project Ideas for Coastal Zone and Infrastructure Implementation of the communication and awareness raising plan for climate change adaptation and mitigation Mainstreaming climate change issues and curriculum development in school curricula from grade 1 to 11 Formulation and implementation of a technical-institutional capacity-building plan for NDC implementation under the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) of the Paris Agreement Promoting studies and research on climate change aimed at reducing climate risk and potential for low-carbon development SOCIAL SECURITY COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS-RAISING (TRANSVERSAL ACTIONS) INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN AREAS, SETTLEMENTS AND TOURIST AND COASTAL ZONESUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE Mainstreaming climate change issues and programmatic content development at the technical staff training institute Establishment of infrastructure and human resources to support laboratories dedicated to research, monitoring and verification of climate change adaptation and mitigation projects Maintenance and feeding of the NDC transparency portalDC Institutionalising the GIIMC, the CGCMC and the Climate Change Network and strengthening them with a view to their sustainability National Climate Change Conference to be held every two years Development of at least 2 national emission factors to achieve the use of TIER 2 in priority sectors (e.g. energy and waste) Updating climate scenarios and downscaling the results to cover the Mozambican territoryUpdate of the First NDC MOZAMBIQUE It is understood that there is no base year and that the results will be compared with the BAU emissions scenarios of the implemented measures, considering two years to reach the target one from 2020 to 2025, made based on the last GHG Inventory provided in PBURM.", "answer": { "text": "Reformulation of building codes for transport, telecommunications, energy distribution, buildings, water and wastewater treatment infrastructures to make them climate resilient", "answer_start": 196 @@ -42183,7 +43527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "\u0083 Transport: The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure with the support of various financial institutions (IDB, World Bank and Nordic Development Fund) is implementing a set of measures to reduce the vulnerability of the road network to climate change.", + "context": "\u0083 Transporte: El Ministerio de Transportes e Infraestructuras con el apoyo de diversas instituciones financieras (BID, el Banco Mundial y el Fondo N\u00f3rdico para el Desarrollo) est\u00e1 implementado un conjunto de medidas para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la red de carreteras ante el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Este es otro hito en el intento del MTI de integrar la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico desde la planificaci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Transporte: El Ministerio de Transportes e Infraestructuras con el apoyo de diversas instituciones financieras (BID, el Banco Mundial y el Fondo N\u00f3rdico para el Desarrollo) est\u00e1 implementado un conjunto de medidas para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la red de carreteras ante el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Este es otro hito en el intento del MTI de integrar la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico desde la planificaci\u00f3n.", "answer_start": 1 @@ -42199,7 +43543,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Contribuciones_Nacionales_Determinadas_Nicaragua.pdf", - "context": "The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure the full implementation of the present recommendations, inter alia, by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly, the National Assembly, the Senate and the National Assembly, as well as to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human", + "context": "Para hacer frente a la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, el pa\u00eds requiere apoyo financiero para desarrollar medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n prioritarias, tales como: z Modernizaci\u00f3n de los servicios hidrometereol\u00f3gicos del pa\u00eds, que permitan mantener pron\u00f3sti- cos precisos y sistemas de alerta temprana para una repuesta eficaz y eficiente, lo que incluye modernizaci\u00f3n en sistemas de observaci\u00f3n, asimilaci\u00f3n y pron\u00f3sticos, acceso a sensores y tecnolo- g\u00edas, as\u00ed como la formaci\u00f3n de recursos humanos calificados. En el a\u00f1o 2021 se har\u00e1 efectivo el proceso de fortalecimiento tecnol\u00f3gico. z Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pac\u00edfico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital.", "answer": { "text": "Medidas para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y sistemas de drenaje en la ciudad capital y otras ciudades del pac\u00edfico de Nicaragua que son altamente vulnerables a inundaciones. El costo de estas inversiones es de aproximadamente 450 millones de d\u00f3lares para la ciudad capital.", "answer_start": 85 @@ -42295,7 +43639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste", + "context": "106,048,000 Finance, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Domestic/local energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption, mainly for commercial and industrial application Finance, technology, capacity building Energy imports Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 16,250,000 Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 21,200,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Energy (Gaza Strip) Total energy imports Additional supply of energy from neighbouring countries 10,000,000 finance, technology Total domestic energy production Enhancing the equipment and efficiency of the Gaza Power Plant (GPP) 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total energy imports Use of renewable energy, such as solar, to reduce imported energy. 50,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total domestic energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 100,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food (West Bank) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 227,500,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 25,000,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction of large-scale cold storage 33,000,000 Finance, capacity building Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need prices on the international markets are low Food (Gaza Strip) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 121,250,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 12,500,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction large-scale cold storage 15,000,000 Finance, capacitybuilding Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when prices on the international markets are low Finance, technology, capacity building Gender (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,200,000 Finance, capacity building Gender (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water and sanitation Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 3,200,000 Finance, capacity building Employment and gender Supporting improvements in efficient use of water in women s private small-scale agricultural projects 3,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food security and gender Encouraging women to use their house gardens to produce food Health (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,680,000 Finance, capacity building Health (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 850,000 Finance, capacity building Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (West Bank) Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 29,400,000 Finance, capacity building Value of raw materials imported Replace imported raw materials with local materials whenever possible Finance, technology, capacity building Infrastructure Improve water supply through wastewater collection and treatment systems Finance, technology, capacity building Energy demand Reducing energy consumption through introduction of modern production technologies Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Energy supply Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 25,400,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (Gaza Strip) Value of raw materials exported Improve handling, fumigation, packaging, and storage techniques for raw materials intended for export 1,000,000 Finance, capacity building Employment Capacity building to enable industries to adapt to climate change Finance, technology, capacity building Value of industrial products exported Rehabilitation of industrial facilities 30,000,000 Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Energy demand Conducting energy audits in order to increase industries use of energy efficiency measures Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Value of industrial products exported Provision of suitable storage facilities for industrial products intended for export Energy demand Rehabilitation and maintenance of industrial equipment Finance, capacity building Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Terrestrial ecosystems (West Bank) Habitat connectivity National network of protected areas, including 50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 2,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Water (West Bank) Condition of infrastructure Rehabilitate water sources: wells, canals and springs Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Control of leakage from distribution systems 16,500,000 Finance, capacity building Groundwater supply Allocate transboundary water resources equitably and reasonably between Israel and the State of Palestine Groundwater supply Enhance the use of additional and alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and 20,800,000 FinanceTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need drainage infrastructure Water (Gaza Strip) Groundwater supply Increase share of imported water 1,000,000 Finance Groundwater supply Enhance the use of alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Groundwater quality and supply Build a large desalination plant for Gaza 510,000,000 Finance, capacity building Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and drainage infrastructureFurther to Table 9,additional conditional adaptation actions have been identified since the publication of the NAP and have not been included in the cost estimates above.", "answer": { "text": "Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure", "answer_start": 867 @@ -42311,7 +43655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/State%20of%20Palestine%20First%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste", + "context": "50,000,000 Finance, capacity building Total domestic energy production Implement energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption and hence imported energy Finance, technology, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Electricity grid upgrading 100,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food (West Bank) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 227,500,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 25,000,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction of large-scale cold storage 33,000,000 Finance, capacity building Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need prices on the international markets are low Food (Gaza Strip) Domestic food prices Enhancing agricultural value chain and improving infrastructure for livestock-production 121,250,000 Finance, capacity building Domestic food prices Greenhouse management 12,500,000 Finance Domestic food prices Construction large-scale cold storage 15,000,000 Finance, capacitybuilding Imported food prices Construct large-scale steel silos for grain to enable import and storage during periods when prices on the international markets are low Finance, technology, capacity building Gender (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,200,000 Finance, capacity building Gender (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water and sanitation Increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas of measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 3,200,000 Finance, capacity building Employment and gender Supporting improvements in efficient use of water in women s private small-scale agricultural projects 3,000,000 Finance, capacity building Food security and gender Encouraging women to use their house gardens to produce food Health (West Bank) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 2,680,000 Finance, capacity building Health (Gaza Strip) Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Training health professionals and increasing the awareness of people, particularly women, in water-poor areas about measures they can take to help prevent major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food 850,000 Finance, capacity building Major diseases related to water, sanitation, and food Development of water, food and sanitation monitoring and safety systems using high technology Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (West Bank) Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 29,400,000 Finance, capacity building Value of raw materials imported Replace imported raw materials with local materials whenever possible Finance, technology, capacity building Infrastructure Improve water supply through wastewater collection and treatment systems Finance, technology, capacity building Energy demand Reducing energy consumption through introduction of modern production technologies Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Energy supply Building fossil-fuel storage facilities 25,400,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Industry (Gaza Strip) Value of raw materials exported Improve handling, fumigation, packaging, and storage techniques for raw materials intended for export 1,000,000 Finance, capacity building Employment Capacity building to enable industries to adapt to climate change Finance, technology, capacity building Value of industrial products exported Rehabilitation of industrial facilities 30,000,000 Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Energy demand Conducting energy audits in order to increase industries use of energy efficiency measures Finance, capacity building Finance, Capacity Building Value of industrial products exported Provision of suitable storage facilities for industrial products intended for export Energy demand Rehabilitation and maintenance of industrial equipment Finance, capacity building Energy supply Providing reliable electricity supply 10,000,000 Finance, capacity building Terrestrial ecosystems (West Bank) Habitat connectivity National network of protected areas, including 50 protected areas and 51 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Terrestrial ecosystems (Gaza Strip) Habitat connectivity in Wadi Gaza National network of protected areas, including Wadi Gaza and 3 biodiversity hotspots Finance, technology, capacity building Tourism (West Bank) Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for cultural heritage sites, where appropriate Condition of cultural heritage Identify, design and implement flood management schemes for eco-tourist attractions, where appropriate Urban and infrastructure (West Bank) Urbanization Promoting green buildings 10,000,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure Urban and infrastructure (Gaza Strip) Building conditions Promoting green buildings 12,600,000 Finance Urbanization Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure 10,000,000 Finance Waste and wastewater (West Bank) Waste management Improving waste collection system 34,250,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity buildingTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 8,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste and wastewater (Gaza Strip) Waste management Improving waste collection system 12,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Improve management of leachate from landfill sites Finance, technology, capacity building Waste management Reduce, re-use, recycle 2,000,000 Finance, technology, capacity building Water (West Bank) Condition of infrastructure Rehabilitate water sources: wells, canals and springs Finance, capacity building Condition of infrastructure Control of leakage from distribution systems 16,500,000 Finance, capacity building Groundwater supply Allocate transboundary water resources equitably and reasonably between Israel and the State of Palestine Groundwater supply Enhance the use of additional and alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and 20,800,000 FinanceTheme/sector Highly vulnerable issue Adaptation action Cost (US$) Type of support need drainage infrastructure Water (Gaza Strip) Groundwater supply Increase share of imported water 1,000,000 Finance Groundwater supply Enhance the use of alternative water resources for non-domestic purposes Groundwater quality and supply Build a large desalination plant for Gaza 510,000,000 Finance, capacity building Flood management Develop and improve storm-water systems and drainage infrastructureFurther to Table 9,additional conditional adaptation actions have been identified since the publication of the NAP and have not been included in the cost estimates above. These are presented in Table 10 below: Table 10: Additional conditional adaptation actions, identified since the publication of the NAP Sector Action Urban and infrastructure Support for dangerous cliffs through retaining walls and trenches.", "answer": { "text": "Rehabilitation of resilient road infrastructure", "answer_start": 744 @@ -42407,7 +43751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer_start": 203 @@ -42423,7 +43767,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer_start": 159 @@ -42439,7 +43783,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc", "answer_start": 226 @@ -42487,7 +43831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways,", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure", "answer_start": 32 @@ -42567,7 +43911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "Improved transport infrastructure and services", "answer_start": 973 @@ -42583,7 +43927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "Improved transport infrastructure and services", "answer_start": 693 @@ -42599,7 +43943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "Improved transport infrastructure and services", "answer_start": 693 @@ -42615,7 +43959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "Improved transport infrastructure and services", "answer_start": 291 @@ -42631,7 +43975,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "Improved transport infrastructure and services", "answer_start": 269 @@ -42647,7 +43991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the", + "context": "In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies \u25cf Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems \u25cf Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding \u25cf Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources \u25cf Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities \u25cf Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture \u25cf Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems \u25cf Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops \u25cf Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism \u25cf Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion \u25cf Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.", "answer": { "text": "Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas", "answer_start": 152 @@ -42663,7 +44007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and", + "context": "Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies \u25cf Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems \u25cf Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding \u25cf Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources \u25cf Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities \u25cf Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture \u25cf Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems \u25cf Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops \u25cf Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism \u25cf Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion \u25cf Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. An Adaptation Sub-Committee of the National Climate Change Committee has been established to facilitate this process and is comprised of key implementing agencies from the public sector as well as relevant civil society organizations and private sector representatives.", "answer": { "text": "Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas", "answer_start": 116 @@ -42679,7 +44023,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the", + "context": "In addition to the above priority programs of action, more recent stakeholder engagement has identified priority adaptation actions for the key sectors and cross-cutting areas that complement actions identified in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies \u25cf Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems \u25cf Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding \u25cf Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources \u25cf Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities \u25cf Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture \u25cf Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems \u25cf Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops \u25cf Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism \u25cf Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion \u25cf Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.", "answer": { "text": "Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology", "answer_start": 162 @@ -42695,7 +44039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and", + "context": "Table 1 details additional adaptation measures not included in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy but identified in 2021 stakeholder consultations and included in the St. Kitts and Nevis Third National Communication to the UNFCCC.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 6 Table 1: Key Sectors/Areas and Priority Adaptation Actions identified in 2021 Consultations Sector/Area Priority Adaptation Actions National Readiness \u25cf Integrate adaptation into relevant national legislation \u25cf Provide training and guidance on mainstreaming adaptation into sectoral governance and management \u25cf Improve capacities for sectoral, evidence-based adaptation planning \u25cf Monitor and evaluate implemented adaptation \u25cf Public Education and Awareness for General Population Settlements and Infrastructure \u25cf Develop and implement national land development policy \u25cf Protect key natural and built assets in low-lying areas \u25cf Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology \u25cf Update building codes to account for increased climate hazards Public Health \u25cf Increase safe water storage measures in households \u25cf Develop program to address mental health issues in the aftermath of disasters \u25cf Develop and implement urban heat response plan including urban greening measures Vulnerable Groups and Community- Based Adaptation \u25cf Catalyze development of community-based organizations to improve adaptive capacity of communities \u25cf Identify and scale up previous successful community coping strategies \u25cf Develop information access points for early warning systems in rural communities Coastal and Marine Ecosystems \u25cf Develop and implement seasonal and post-storm beach and nourishments monitoring program \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plan for sargassum stranding \u25cf Model and map coastal assets to support adaptation planning Freshwater Resources \u25cf Identify and support methods to expand water supply and storage capacities \u25cf Improve operational efficiencies Agriculture \u25cf Expand SMART aquaponics and aquaculture systems \u25cf Develop alternative livelihoods and training and diversify away from at-risk crops \u25cf Introduce drought resistance technologies and species in animal husbandryRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 7 Tourism \u25cf Conduct beach replenishment and install coastal protection measures to prevent beach erosion \u25cf Expand marine tourism and eco-tourism sectors \u25cf Develop and implement emergency response plans for hotels and resorts and business communityRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 8 Adaptation progress, results and barriers The St. Kitts and Nevis Department of Environment, with oversight from the National Climate Change Committee has the overall responsibility for coordinating implementation of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. An Adaptation Sub-Committee of the National Climate Change Committee has been established to facilitate this process and is comprised of key implementing agencies from the public sector as well as relevant civil society organizations and private sector representatives.", "answer": { "text": "Retrofit public buildings and infrastructure with climate-smart technology", "answer_start": 126 @@ -42711,7 +44055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf", - "context": "in the proportion of women to men employment as solar technicians, engineers, and project managers by promoting the entry of more women into jobs delivered within the sector through information, communication, education campaigns, scholarships, and job placements Build the capacities of youth, women, PWDs, and other disadvantaged groups in using off-grid solar energy resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans.", + "context": "Build adaptive capacity and resilience of the health sector Mainstream CC into the Health Sector Reduce taxation on private SectorUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Create enabling environment for the resilience of private sector investment, demonstrate an operational business case. Gaol: Leverage Public sector Investment Build the capacity of the private sector on climate related actions Improve monitoring and evaluation of corporate social responsibilities Integrate climate change adaptation into the mining/extractive sector Ensure the mining sector becomes climate smart and resilient Effective implementation of EIA Promote Afforestation practices Create alternative livelihoods of women in the mining sector through effective corporate social responsibilities Promote climate- smart agriculture and climate-resilient food security practices Goal: Ensure Climate e resilient agriculture Objective 1: Development of crop varieties adaptable to ensuring climate conditions Objective 2: Practicing alternative crop production on the same land Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Integrated management of crops and livestock management Develop and maintain seed banks to provide a variety of seed types that preserve biological diversity and enable farmers to make informed choices Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Provide appropriate infrastructure, social services and effective mechanization of agriculture in the rural areas to slowdown massive movements of youths into urban areas Mainstream Climate Change into Agricultural Development Strategies and ensure inclusion of women Improve research and knowledge management Scientific research conducted to ascertain Support the establishment of adequate weather stations around the country in order to provide reliable and adequate weather dataUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution capacities to Support Climate-Smart Agriculture and resilient land management robust data on risk and vulnerability of mangrove that will be useful to properly provide tailored climate services to farmers Provide adequate support to the Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute as well as Njala University to develop appropriate crop varieties and production practices that will enhance resilience to adverse weather conditions Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting, to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Develop modelling approaches and tools to allow assessment of impacts of climate change on export and domestic crops and meat production Develop regional links to fund and promote plant breeding programs for common crops Review approaches to integrated pest management under climate change Conduct a feasibility study to gather information on community perceptions of climate-smart agriculture techniques Improve institutional and functional capacities for integrated water management Improve planning and coordination of the use of the river basin, which may provide solutions to problems of water quality and supply Increase and maintain investment in hydrological monitoring and water use through a national database Fund research into adopting a water resources and water supply planning method under climate change Develop appropriate modelling tools to assist strategic planning of water resources Investigate shifting focus from groundwater to surface water storage for water supply to reduce the reliance on vulnerable coastal aquifersUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Enhance universal access to energy by promoting renewables and energy efficiency Establish and operationalize a National Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (NaCREEE) to promote off-grid Stand-alone Solar (SAS) investments through technical advice and knowledge sharing in the areas of policy and regulation, technology development and transfer, and public education Increase awareness of off-grid SAS and strengthen market knowledge by improving market intelligence Strengthen local institutions and empower the private sector through capacity, network, and partnership building Provide up-to-date market information through further studies and awareness raising campaigns Align technology development and knowledge transfer goals with regional goals set for 2030 Technically support the Energy Planning Unit in creating a pipeline of off-grid SAS projects Introduce solar technology management in school curricula and technical and vocational education at the tertiary level Develop guidelines for the standardization of off-grid solar systems including technical equipment, design and assessment methods, operations and maintenance procedures, and environmental compliance Mobilize financial institutions to create investment packages and counterpart funding Mainstream considerations of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion into Goal: Ensure maximum gender dimension in addressing Climate challenges Expand women\u2019s and youth employment opportunities and participation in the management of off-grid solar energy interventionsUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution sectoral plans and strategies Objective1: Include more women and Youths in addressing climate change challenges Build women-led partnerships at the local level to facilitate knowledge exchange, resource mobilization, and sustained quality of services Bridge the gap in the proportion of women to men employment as solar technicians, engineers, and project managers by promoting the entry of more women into jobs delivered within the sector through information, communication, education campaigns, scholarships, and job placements Build the capacities of youth, women, PWDs, and other disadvantaged groups in using off-grid solar energy resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans.", "answer": { "text": "Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy", "answer_start": 873 @@ -42727,7 +44071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/210804%202125%20SL%20NDC%20(1).pdf", - "context": "resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans. Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health sector Monitor and control WASH activities in informal settlements Develop local institutional capacity Goal: The development of local institutional support to Monitor academic and public news media to keep informed about changes in climate 10,000,000Updated Nationally Determined Contribution to support coastal resources management stakeholders", + "context": "Gaol: Leverage Public sector Investment Build the capacity of the private sector on climate related actions Improve monitoring and evaluation of corporate social responsibilities Integrate climate change adaptation into the mining/extractive sector Ensure the mining sector becomes climate smart and resilient Effective implementation of EIA Promote Afforestation practices Create alternative livelihoods of women in the mining sector through effective corporate social responsibilities Promote climate- smart agriculture and climate-resilient food security practices Goal: Ensure Climate e resilient agriculture Objective 1: Development of crop varieties adaptable to ensuring climate conditions Objective 2: Practicing alternative crop production on the same land Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Integrated management of crops and livestock management Develop and maintain seed banks to provide a variety of seed types that preserve biological diversity and enable farmers to make informed choices Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Provide appropriate infrastructure, social services and effective mechanization of agriculture in the rural areas to slowdown massive movements of youths into urban areas Mainstream Climate Change into Agricultural Development Strategies and ensure inclusion of women Improve research and knowledge management Scientific research conducted to ascertain Support the establishment of adequate weather stations around the country in order to provide reliable and adequate weather dataUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution capacities to Support Climate-Smart Agriculture and resilient land management robust data on risk and vulnerability of mangrove that will be useful to properly provide tailored climate services to farmers Provide adequate support to the Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute as well as Njala University to develop appropriate crop varieties and production practices that will enhance resilience to adverse weather conditions Promote innovative and adaptive approaches such as irrigation and water harvesting, to protect farmers from variability in rainfall Develop modelling approaches and tools to allow assessment of impacts of climate change on export and domestic crops and meat production Develop regional links to fund and promote plant breeding programs for common crops Review approaches to integrated pest management under climate change Conduct a feasibility study to gather information on community perceptions of climate-smart agriculture techniques Improve institutional and functional capacities for integrated water management Improve planning and coordination of the use of the river basin, which may provide solutions to problems of water quality and supply Increase and maintain investment in hydrological monitoring and water use through a national database Fund research into adopting a water resources and water supply planning method under climate change Develop appropriate modelling tools to assist strategic planning of water resources Investigate shifting focus from groundwater to surface water storage for water supply to reduce the reliance on vulnerable coastal aquifersUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Enhance universal access to energy by promoting renewables and energy efficiency Establish and operationalize a National Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (NaCREEE) to promote off-grid Stand-alone Solar (SAS) investments through technical advice and knowledge sharing in the areas of policy and regulation, technology development and transfer, and public education Increase awareness of off-grid SAS and strengthen market knowledge by improving market intelligence Strengthen local institutions and empower the private sector through capacity, network, and partnership building Provide up-to-date market information through further studies and awareness raising campaigns Align technology development and knowledge transfer goals with regional goals set for 2030 Technically support the Energy Planning Unit in creating a pipeline of off-grid SAS projects Introduce solar technology management in school curricula and technical and vocational education at the tertiary level Develop guidelines for the standardization of off-grid solar systems including technical equipment, design and assessment methods, operations and maintenance procedures, and environmental compliance Mobilize financial institutions to create investment packages and counterpart funding Mainstream considerations of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion into Goal: Ensure maximum gender dimension in addressing Climate challenges Expand women\u2019s and youth employment opportunities and participation in the management of off-grid solar energy interventionsUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution sectoral plans and strategies Objective1: Include more women and Youths in addressing climate change challenges Build women-led partnerships at the local level to facilitate knowledge exchange, resource mobilization, and sustained quality of services Bridge the gap in the proportion of women to men employment as solar technicians, engineers, and project managers by promoting the entry of more women into jobs delivered within the sector through information, communication, education campaigns, scholarships, and job placements Build the capacities of youth, women, PWDs, and other disadvantaged groups in using off-grid solar energy resources safely and productively (including for livelihood and business development or improvement) Improve climate change adaptation infrastructure across priority sectors Goal: Provision of necessary in infrastructure in agriculture, Water Resources and Energy, Gender and coastal zone management To provide basic necessary climate change adaptation infrastructure for enhancing resilience to the resulting climate change challenges Enhance waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce climate change Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy Diversify economic growth through a strengthened transport sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Mainstream climate change adaptation considerations into sectoral plans and strategies Goal: Climate change adaptation mainstreamed and implemented To mainstream Climate Change adaptation challenges in stakeholder sectorial plans. Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health sector Monitor and control WASH activities in informal settlements Develop local institutional capacity Goal: The development of local institutional support to Monitor academic and public news media to keep informed about changes in climate 10,000,000Updated Nationally Determined Contribution to support coastal resources management stakeholders for sustainable management of coastal resources.", "answer": { "text": "Support the construction of appropriate roads particularly feeder roads in the rural areas as a climate resilience strategy", "answer_start": 835 @@ -42903,7 +44247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-09/ENDC%20Indonesia.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Development and implementation of in situ and ex situ conservation. \u2022 Prevention and eradication of invasive alien species. \u2022 Protection of existing and development of new marine protected areas. \u2022 Restoration of degraded mangroves and peatland \u2022 Enhance conservation education, including engaging adat communities for indigenous knowledge and local wisdom. Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem, water Ecosystem Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 4. Integrated watershed management \u2022 Developing climate resilient watershed ecosystem management. \u2022 Improve watershed management planning by taking into account climate vulnerability, risks and impacts. \u2022 Developing policy instruments and tools to assess climate vulnerability, risks, and impacts to national priority watersheds. Water, ecosystem, disaster Water, ecosystem, disaster Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 1. Climate resilient cities. \u2022 Promote development of climate proof cities. \u2022 Awareness campaign on the importance of integrating climate vulnerability, risks and impacts in city planning and development. \u2022 Capacity building and institutional strengthening Ecosystem, disaster Disaster energyKEY PROGRAM STRATEGY ACTION PRIORITY FIELD NOTE \u2022 Revitalisation of city infrastructure to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change impacts. \u2022 Increase urban forest area and other green open spaces Ecosystem, disaster Disaster", + "context": "\u2022 Development and implementation of in situ and ex situ conservation. \u2022 Prevention and eradication of invasive alien species. \u2022 Protection of existing and development of new marine protected areas. \u2022 Restoration of degraded mangroves and peatland \u2022 Enhance conservation education, including engaging adat communities for indigenous knowledge and local wisdom. Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem, water Ecosystem Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 4. Integrated watershed management \u2022 Developing climate resilient watershed ecosystem management. \u2022 Improve watershed management planning by taking into account climate vulnerability, risks and impacts. \u2022 Developing policy instruments and tools to assess climate vulnerability, risks, and impacts to national priority watersheds. Water, ecosystem, disaster Water, ecosystem, disaster Potential synergy with implementation of Ramsar Convention, CBD, SFDRR, and UNCCD 1. Climate resilient cities. \u2022 Promote development of climate proof cities. \u2022 Awareness campaign on the importance of integrating climate vulnerability, risks and impacts in city planning and development. \u2022 Capacity building and institutional strengthening Ecosystem, disaster Disaster energyKEY PROGRAM STRATEGY ACTION PRIORITY FIELD NOTE \u2022 Revitalisation of city infrastructure to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change impacts. \u2022 Increase urban forest area and other green open spaces Ecosystem, disaster Disaster energy -- o 0 o --", "answer": { "text": "Promote development of climate proof cities.", "answer_start": 132 @@ -43079,7 +44423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "An overview of the adaptation road map is presented below: Table 2: National Adaptation Priorities Long-term Vision To build a climate resilient society and economy by ensuring that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of the economy. Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through: \uf0a7 Integrated watershed management \uf0a7 Water conservation \uf0a7 Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism", + "context": "An overview of the adaptation road map is presented below: Table 2: National Adaptation Priorities Long-term Vision To build a climate resilient society and economy by ensuring that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of the economy. Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through: \uf0a7 Integrated watershed management \uf0a7 Water conservation \uf0a7 Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism for managing extreme climate events and strengthening the development of disaster reduction and relief management systems based on risk assessments, aligned with the goals of Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 Near-term actions Led by the Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan shall develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) that will create a framework for guiding the mainstreaming of medium- and long-term climate change concerns into national sectoral policies, strategies and programmes.", "answer": { "text": "Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions", "answer_start": 160 @@ -43095,7 +44439,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through: \uf0a7 Integrated watershed management \uf0a7 Water conservation \uf0a7 Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism for managing extreme climate events and strengthening the development of disaster reduction and relief management systems based on risk assessments, aligned with the goals of Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 Near-term actions Led by the Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan", + "context": "Medium to long- term actions (up to To support achievement of our long-term adaptation vision of a climate- resilient society, Pakistan will pursue efforts up to 2030 that address the vulnerability of water, agriculture and infrastructure to climate change by taking the following actions: Improving the irrigation system through actions such as lining of canals and irrigation channels Enhancing water resource management through: \uf0a7 Integrated watershed management \uf0a7 Water conservation \uf0a7 Development and optimization of water resource allocation, implementation of strict water management regulations and utilization of unconventional water resources such as recycling of used water and harvesting rain water and flood water Strengthening risk management system for the agriculture sector Implementing a comprehensive Climate Smart Agriculture program Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actionsImproving the emergency response mechanism for managing extreme climate events and strengthening the development of disaster reduction and relief management systems based on risk assessments, aligned with the goals of Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 Near-term actions Led by the Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan shall develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) that will create a framework for guiding the mainstreaming of medium- and long-term climate change concerns into national sectoral policies, strategies and programmes. The framework will help provide a basis for a more coordinated approach within and among different levels of government for climate-resilient development Sub-national adaptation planning capacity will be strengthened, leading to the formation of adaptation strategies and plans aligned with NAP that will facilitate local level adaptation and mainstream adaptation into sector -level policies at the sub-national level Disaster risk management capacity will be further enhanced through implementation of actions under \u2018National Disaster Management Plan\u2019 that includes strengthening of institutional and legal system for disaster management, preparation of disaster management plans, awareness raising and establishment of a national emergency response mechanism Support \u2022 Development of a multitude of professionals in the field of climate change through strengthened educational opportunities for individuals in the disciplines of geo-sciences, social sciences, management sciences, governance, policy formation and implementation \u2022 Providing financial support based on detailed cost assessments and balancing domestic contributions with needed support from the international community There is widespread potential for mitigation in all sectors of the national economy.", "answer": { "text": "Building climate-resilient infrastructure with focus on improved and safe operation of water-related infrastructure and better management of transport operations and energy transmission, supported by innovations in urban planning for synergistic implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions", "answer_start": 118 @@ -43127,7 +44471,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "(a) To ensure the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of", + "context": "Quinta Comunicaci\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico ante la Convenci\u00f3n Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico. P\u00c1G. 44 Eje E. Protecci\u00f3n de infraestructura estrat\u00e9gica y del patrimonio cultural tangible L\u00cdNEA DE ACCI\u00d3N LINEA DE ACCI\u00d3N NUEVA SINERGIA CON MITIGACI\u00d3N ODS E1. Incrementar la seguridad estructural y funcional de la infraestructura estrat\u00e9gica actual y por desarrollar ante eventos asociados al cambio clim\u00e1tico E2. Incorporar criterios de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico y gesti\u00f3n integral del riesgo de desastres en proyectos de inversi\u00f3n de infraestructura estrat\u00e9gica E3. Proteger, restaurar y conservar el patrimonio cultural tangible ante impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico E4. Generar y fortalecer los instrumentos de financiamiento p\u00fablico, as\u00ed como promover la inversi\u00f3n privada, para proyectos de infraestructura y patrimonio cultural que incorporen criterios de adaptaci\u00f3nContribuci\u00f3n Determinada a Nivel Nacional | P\u00c1G. 45", "answer": { "text": "Incrementar la seguridad estructural y funcional de la infraestructura estrat\u00e9gica actual y por desarrollar ante eventos asociados al cambio clim\u00e1tico", "answer_start": 41 @@ -43143,7 +44487,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf", - "context": "It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized", + "context": "It is expected that under the busines as usual scenario, the annual increase in population vehicles will reach A high rate increase in population of vehicles and light duty vehicles would lead to the high GHG emission scenarios in the future as explained in the BAU. To avoid these emissions, By 2030, Rwanda will implement the following actions:Constructi on of central Bus Terminal(s) and Customer Service Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community. 14 Liquefied Petroleum GasRwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 18 of 24 while light duty vehicles will increase 20% by 2030. Centers inKigali,Standardiz ed Route Optimization planning and implementation,Pl anning, rehabilitation and construction of intra-modal passenger terminals, Construction of 17 km BRT main corridor and 6 modern interchanges which will results in GHG emissions reductions estimated n of dedicated \u201crush hour\u201d high speed bus lanes, Improvement of traffic and pedestrian controls and street lighting using solar pannels Enforcing Fleet renewal and scrappage (heavy, medium, mini- bus), Setting emission standards (equivalent to Euro standards)Rwanda INDCs - November 2015 - Page 19 of 24 for new vehicles, Use of higher fuel efficiencies and low carbon technologies for new vehicles, Standardized compliance and inspections for non-Rwandan registered vehicles,Integratio n with International Airport and convention/busine ss center.", "answer": { "text": "Increase of climate resilience by creating affordable, reliable and accessible transport services to the community.", "answer_start": 66 @@ -43431,7 +44775,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport", "answer_start": 228 @@ -43447,7 +44791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport", "answer_start": 51 @@ -43623,7 +44967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the", + "context": "Ships and ports H. EU ETS: Air transport and heavy industry I. LULUCF C. Energy production and small industry E. Agriculture D. F-gases and chemical use F. Waste management G. Transition incentives A.1 Infrastructure for active mobility F.1 Landfill tax C.1 Carbon capture from geothermal power plants D.1 Regulation of F-gases E.4 Improved use and handling of fertilisers A.8 Energy transition in heavy transport E.1 Climate-friendly agriculture A.4 Incentives for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.1 Carbon tax B.1. Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping.", "answer": { "text": "Incentives for active mobility", "answer_start": 192 @@ -43639,7 +44983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Iceland_LTS1_2021.pdf", - "context": "Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated", + "context": "Energy transition in fisheries action in forestry B.2 Electrical infra- structure in ports action in land reclamation B.3 Ban on use of heavy fuel oil of wetlands B.4 Energy transition of ferries conservation I.5 Improved map- ping of grazing land and land use plan for the LULUCF inventory B.5 Energy transition of state-owned vessels A.5 Infrastructure for low- and zero emissions vehicles G.2 Climate fund A.6 Energy transition legislation and regulations data reporting G.7 Issuing of green bonds G.5 Climate education in schools A.7 Ban on new registration of diesel and gasoline vehicles G.4 Information on climate change for the public G.8 Sustainable public procurement G.6 Climate impact assess- ment of legislation A.2 Incentives for active mobility F.2 Ban on the landfilling of organic waste C.2 Electrification of fishmeal production plants D.2 Taxation of F-gases E.5 Improved feeding of livestock to reduce enteric fermentation A.9 Low emissions rental cars E.2 Carbon neutral beef production A.3 Encouraging public transport F.3 Reduction in food waste A.10 Low emissions vehicles in government and state enterprises E.3 Increased domestic vegetable production G.11 Climate action planning H.3 Participation in international system for reducing air transport emissions G.10 Climate strategy of other public agencies H.2 Updated Regulation under the Emissions Trading System G.9 Climate strategy of Government Offices H.1 Carbon capture from heavy industry Definitions | In preparation: Preparation of the measure is underway, including situational analysis and mapping. | In progress: Work is well underway to implement the measure and many aspects are well under way.", "answer": { "text": "Incentives for active mobility", "answer_start": 113 @@ -43655,7 +44999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "169 In particular the Cluster for Logistics: climate neutrality in 2050 68 / 97 carbon intensity such as rail and inland waterways and continue to strengthen multimodal freight transport, by enhancing and developing the multimodal terminal in Bettembourg/Dudelange and the three-modal port site in Mertert, and in a European context which will have to facilitate more efficient management and an increase in the capacity of rail and inland waterways; deploy the necessary refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels (electricity, hydrogen,...) in line with technological developments in heavy goods vehicles; etc.; take advantage of digitisation to increase the use of intelligent supply chain management systems; promote and develop programmes to encourage companies and the logistics sector to reduce their carbon footprint, for example the \"Lean & Green\" programme170; adapt charges and taxes to take into account", + "context": "169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralit\u00e9 climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensit\u00e9 de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer \u00e0 renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et d\u00e9veloppant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte europ\u00e9en qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution technologique des v\u00e9hicules utilitaires lourds, d\u00e9ployer l\u2019infrastructure de ravitaillement n\u00e9cessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, hydrog\u00e8ne, \u2026) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer": { "text": "Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer_start": 147 @@ -43671,7 +45015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "6.4.4 Air and maritime sectors At the European and global level, air and maritime transport are responsible for increasing GHG emissions, although the COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused a sharp slowdown in activity.", + "context": "; Tirer parti de la num\u00e9risation pour amplifier l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes de gestion intelligente de la cha\u00eene logistique ; Promouvoir et \u00e9toffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme \u00ab Lean & Green \u00bb170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs a\u00e9rien et maritime Au niveau europ\u00e9en et global, les transports a\u00e9rien et maritime sont responsables pour des \u00e9missions croissantes de GES, quoique la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 a r\u00e9cemment provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement abrupt des activit\u00e9s.", "answer": { "text": "Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des co\u00fbts d\u2019infrastructure et des externalit\u00e9s n\u00e9gatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l\u2019introduction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur le kilom\u00e9trage (en remplacement du syst\u00e8me Eurovignette).", "answer_start": 49 @@ -43687,7 +45031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Maximised deployment of renewable energies (solar and wind energy, European cooperation) and the potential role of renewable hydrogen (hydrogen strategy, decarbonisation of hard to electrify activities) 3. Energy storage options (flexibility and storage options), intelligent electricity grid (integration of renewable energies) and synergies by sectoral coupling (electrification) 1. New decarbonised, sustainable, circular, resilient and intelligent buildings (holistic approach, buildings with near zero energy consumption, heat pumps) 2. Deep and sustainable energy renovations (long-term renovation strategy, building renovation roadmaps, heating networks) 3. Positive, sustainable and dense energy neighbourhoods (development of green neighbourhoods, energy communities, densification of housing stock) 3. Mobility (territorial and", + "context": "D\u00e9ploiement maximis\u00e9 des \u00e9nergies renouvelables (\u00e9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne, coop\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne) et r\u00f4le potentiel de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable (strat\u00e9gie hydrog\u00e8ne, d\u00e9carbonisation d\u2019activit\u00e9s difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier) 3. Options de stockage de l\u2019\u00e9nergie (options de flexibilit\u00e9 et stockage), r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique intelligent (int\u00e9gration des \u00e9nergies renouvelables) et synergies par couplage sectoriel (\u00e9lectrification) 1. Nouvelles constructions d\u00e9carbonis\u00e9es, durables, circulaires, r\u00e9silientes et intelligentes (approche holistique, b\u00e2timents \u00e0 consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie quasi nulle, pompes \u00e0 chaleur) 2. R\u00e9novations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques profondes et durables (strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9novation \u00e0 long terme, feuilles de route de r\u00e9novation de b\u00e2timents, r\u00e9seaux de chaleur) 3. Quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive, durables et denses (am\u00e9nagement d\u2019\u00e9co-quartiers, communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, densification du parc immobilier) 3. Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1.", "answer": { "text": "diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins", "answer_start": 112 @@ -43703,7 +45047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Mobility (territorial and urban planning, reduction of fuel price differentials with neighbouring countries) 1. Mobility planning for public transport and active mobility (national mobility plan, dedicated cycle paths, attractiveness of public transport, trans-European rail network with appropriate connection) 2. Accelerated deployment of zero-emission vehicles (vehicle fleet electrification, refuelling infrastructure) 3. Decarbonisation of freight transport and the logistics sector (logistics sector decarbonisation strategy) 4. Air and maritime sector (European and global solutions, emissions trading schemes) 4. Economy (industry decarbonisation strategy, EU emissions trading scheme, energy efficiency, electrification, hydrogen) 1. Circular economy (Luxembourg Circular Economy Strategy, \u2018Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg\u2019 strategy) 2.", + "context": "Mobilit\u00e9 (planification territoriale et urbaine, diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins) 1. Planification de la mobilit\u00e9 favorisant les transports publics et la mobilit\u00e9 active (plan national de mobilit\u00e9, pistes cyclables d\u00e9di\u00e9es, attractivit\u00e9 des transports publics, r\u00e9seau ferroviaire transeurop\u00e9en avec connexion appropri\u00e9e) 2. D\u00e9ploiement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions (\u00e9lectrification du parc automobile, infrastructure de recharge) 3. D\u00e9carbonisation du transport de marchandises et du secteur logistique (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation du secteur logistique) 4. Secteur a\u00e9rien et maritime (solutions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne et mondiale, syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission) 4. Economie (strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019industrie, syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de quotas d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019UE, efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e9lectrification, hydrog\u00e8ne) 1. Economie circulaire (strat\u00e9gie pour une \u00e9conomie circulaire Luxembourg, strat\u00e9gie \u00ab Null Offall L\u00ebtzebuerg \u00bb) 2.", "answer": { "text": "diminution des \u00e9carts de prix de carburants avec les pays voisins", "answer_start": 5 @@ -43863,7 +45207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "In addition to the above-mentioned measures, the Government of the Republic of Lithuania has adopted a number of other measures aimed at enhancing the quality of life of persons with disabilities.", + "context": "As\u00ed, pese a que se preve\u00eda que durante el 2022, y por un consumo medio, supondr\u00eda un incremento de un c\u00e9ntimo por litro, lo que supone un incremento de tan s\u00f3lo 4 euros al a\u00f1o, se ha aplazado su imposici\u00f3n debido al contexto energ\u00e9tico y econ\u00f3mico actual hasta el a\u00f1o 2023. Al ser una tasa finalista, \u00e9sta ha servido para rebajar el precio del abono mensual para utilizar el transporte p\u00fablico en todo el pa\u00eds. La medida entr\u00f3 en vigor el 1 de septiembre de 2021, y gracias a la tasa, a partir de este a\u00f1o 2022 se ha podido ofrecer gratuitamente el transporte p\u00fablico nacional, suponiendo un incremento de usuario de m\u00e1s del 100%.", "answer": { "text": "Al ser una tasa finalista, \u00e9sta ha servido para rebajar el precio del abono mensual para utilizar el transporte p\u00fablico en todo el pa\u00eds", "answer_start": 51 @@ -43879,7 +45223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "The measure entered into force on 1 September 2021, and thanks to the tax, from this year onwards national public transport could be offered free of charge, assuming a user increase of more than 100%. School transport fares have also been reduced, as well as other savings rates for the youngest. In order to ensure that the green tax has a direct impact on citizens, the budget line for the aid programme to change or improve the oil heating system to a more sustainable one from renewable energy has also been increased. The aid has amounted to up to 55% of the final budget for the renovation of the heating system.", + "context": "La medida entr\u00f3 en vigor el 1 de septiembre de 2021, y gracias a la tasa, a partir de este a\u00f1o 2022 se ha podido ofrecer gratuitamente el transporte p\u00fablico nacional, suponiendo un incremento de usuario de m\u00e1s del 100%. Tambi\u00e9n se han rebajado las tarifas del transporte escolar, as\u00ed como otras tarifas de ahorro para los m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes. Con el objetivo de que la tasa verde repercuta de forma directa sobre la ciudadan\u00eda, tambi\u00e9n se ha incrementado la partida presupuestaria para el programa de ayudas para cambiar o mejorar el sistema de calefacci\u00f3n de gasoil por uno m\u00e1s sostenible y proveniente de energ\u00eda renovable. Las ayudas han sido de hasta un 55% del presupuesto final de la renovaci\u00f3n del sistema de calefacci\u00f3n.", "answer": { "text": "Tambi\u00e9n se han rebajado las tarifas del transporte escolar, as\u00ed como otras tarifas de ahorro para los m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes.", "answer_start": 40 @@ -44087,7 +45431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "Extension of the tramway, which provides a solution of choice in the transport of Casablanca. Limitation of emissions of certain polluting gases from vehicle emissions. From 2023, the standard obliges manufacturers to produce cleaner cars, with respect, in particular, for the emission rates of fine particles and nitrogen oxides... Thus, from January 2023, all new private and commercial vehicles (of categories M and N) placed on the Moroccan market will have to comply with the Euro 6 standard. The bonus-malus system aims to encourage the choice of a low-carbon vehicle and to penalise the purchase of the most polluting models.", + "context": "Extension du tramway, qui apporte une solution de choix dans le transport de Casablanca. Limitation des \u00e9missions de certains gaz polluants provenant des \u00e9missions de v\u00e9hicules. \u00c0 partir de 2023, la norme oblige les constructeurs \u00e0 produire des voitures plus propres, avec le respect, notamment, des taux d\u2019\u00e9missions de particules fines et d\u2019oxydes d\u2019azote\u2026 Ainsi, \u00e0 partir de janvier 2023, tous les v\u00e9hicules particuliers et utilitaires (de cat\u00e9gories M et N) neufs mis sur le march\u00e9 marocain devront \u00eatre conformes \u00e0 la norme Euro 6. Le syst\u00e8me du bonus-malus vise \u00e0 favoriser le choix d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule peu \u00e9metteur de CO2 et \u00e0 p\u00e9naliser l\u2019achat des mod\u00e8les les plus polluants.", "answer": { "text": "Le syst\u00e8me du bonus-malus vise \u00e0 favoriser le choix d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule peu \u00e9metteur de CO2 et \u00e0 p\u00e9naliser l\u2019achat des mod\u00e8les les plus polluants.", "answer_start": 85 @@ -44103,7 +45447,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "The aim of the bonus-malus scheme is to encourage the choice of a low-carbon vehicle and to penalise the purchase of the most polluting models. The programme aims to remedy the ageing of the professional fleet of road transport in Morocco by granting renewal and break-up premiums according to eligibility conditions laid down in the framework of the financial laws. The adoption of good practices in eco-driving aims to reduce fuel consumption bills and vehicle maintenance costs, to pollute less and to contribute to improved road safety. This action aims at convergence, with a delay of 10 years in 2030, towards the application of the European Regulation establishing CO2 performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles.", + "context": "Le syst\u00e8me du bonus-malus vise \u00e0 favoriser le choix d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule peu \u00e9metteur de CO2 et \u00e0 p\u00e9naliser l\u2019achat des mod\u00e8les les plus polluants. Le programme vise \u00e0 rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 la v\u00e9tust\u00e9 qui caract\u00e9rise le parc professionnel du transport routier au Maroc \u00e0 travers l\u2019octroi de primes de renouvellement et de casse selon des conditions d\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 d\u00e9finies dans le cadre des lois de finances. L\u2019adoption des bonnes pratiques de l\u2019\u00e9coconduite vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la facture de consommation de carburant et les frais d\u2019entretien des v\u00e9hicules, \u00e0 polluer moins l\u2019environnement et contribuer \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re. Cette action vise la convergence, avec un d\u00e9calage de 10 ans en 2030, vers l\u2019application du R\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en \u00e9tablissant des normes de performance en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9missions de CO2 pour les v\u00e9hicules particuliers neufs et pour les v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers neufs.", "answer": { "text": "Le syst\u00e8me du bonus-malus vise \u00e0 favoriser le choix d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule peu \u00e9metteur de CO2 et \u00e0 p\u00e9naliser l\u2019achat des mod\u00e8les les plus polluants.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -44151,7 +45495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "- Increase the share of renewable energies in energy production to 50% by 2025 - Increase the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles to 3% by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network \u2013 Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential to connect farmers to the market; - Construction of the Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the town of Lom\u00e9 and the port - Exemption of taxes on new vehicles - Increase the use rate of improved homes by 40% - Increase the share of wood coal produced with improved technologies from less than 1% in 2020 to 45% - Increase the share of the population using biogas for cooking to 4% in 2025 and 12% in 2030 in urban areas; to 6% in 2025 and 15% in 2030 in rural areas - Increase the", + "context": "La pr\u00e9paration des CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es \u00e9tait conforme aux recommandations de l Appel \u00e0 l Action de Talanoa et de la Coalition Haute Ambition, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales.c) Chaque Partie ayant une contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national au titre de l article 4 de l Accord de Paris qui consiste en des mesures d adaptation et / ou des plans de diversification \u00e9conomique aboutissant \u00e0 des avantages connexes d att\u00e9nuation conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l article 4, paragraphe 7, de l Accord de Paris \u00e0 soumettre des informations sur: (i) Comment les cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques et sociales des mesures de riposte ont-elles \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte dans l \u00e9laboration de la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national Les consultations nationales et r\u00e9gionales des parties prenantes ont permis de prendre en compte les impacts sociaux, \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux des mesures d att\u00e9nuation nationales en int\u00e9grant les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es dans les outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation lors de l \u00e9laboration des CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es. (ii) Projets, mesures et activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour contribuer aux co- b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent \u00e9galement des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs cl\u00e9s, tels que l \u00e9nergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9tablissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification \u00e9conomique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l \u00e9nergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la p\u00eache Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s pour atteindre 100% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet) ; - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 ; - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en 2020 \u00e0 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 4% en 2025 et \u00e0 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 des techniciens du froid afin de r\u00e9duire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la fili\u00e8re de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluor\u00e9s - Promotion de l\u2019importation des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilis\u00e9s pour les cong\u00e9lateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de cr\u00e8me glac\u00e9e ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des \u00e9difices priv\u00e9s et publics avec des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolants thermiques - Exon\u00e9ration de taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs Secteur AFAT - D\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du secteur agricole \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultiv\u00e9es ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des cha\u00eenes de valeurs : Organiser les fili\u00e8res pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 travers l\u2019augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 des \u00e9levages au-del\u00e0 de la croissance et du d\u00e9veloppement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unit\u00e9s de transformation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les performances de l\u2019\u00e9levage des bovins, l\u2019introduction des g\u00e9niteurs am\u00e9liorateurs dans le syst\u00e8me traditionnel, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019embouche et le renforcement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour la commercialisation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement \u00e0 vocation de fourrage avec l\u2019introduction d\u2019arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualit\u00e9 ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants \u00e0 travers la promotion de la restauration des for\u00eats naturelles, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, en privil\u00e9giant l\u2019appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9s (Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, for\u00eats communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacr\u00e9s), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le pi\u00e9geage du carbone au travers des \u00abplans de d\u00e9veloppement de massif\u00bb promus par la for\u00eat priv\u00e9e ou for\u00eats communautaires ou des \u00abchartes foresti\u00e8res de territoire\u00bb ou des p\u00f4les d\u2019excellence rurale ; - D\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie urbaine \u00e0 travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la cr\u00e9ation des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour lesproduits forestiers transform\u00e9s ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en r\u00e9duisant le taux actuel de d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019impact des feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, source d\u2019\u00e9missions de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re Secteur des d\u00e9chets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : am\u00e9nagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) \u00e0 Lom\u00e9 et am\u00e9nagement de d\u00e9charges finales, mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de collecte des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (OM), valorisation des d\u00e9chets, construction de latrines, extension du r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau potable dans les villes Ts\u00e9vi\u00e9, Atakpam\u00e9 Sokod\u00e9, Kara et Dapaong Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les \u00e9missions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les absorptions: a) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre correspondant \u00e0 la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national de la Partie, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 31 de la d\u00e9cision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adopt\u00e9es par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilis\u00e9 ses \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l \u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Suppl\u00e9ment de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour les zones humides.", "answer": { "text": "Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs", "answer_start": 450 @@ -44167,7 +45511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "- Increase the share of renewable energies in energy production to 50% by 2025 - Increase the share of electric vehicles in the acquisition of new vehicles to 3% by 2025 - Extension of the rural road network \u2013 Construction of 4000 km of rural roads targeting agricultural areas with high export potential to connect farmers to the market; - Construction of the Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acceleration of the RN1 development project linking the productive hinterland to the town of Lom\u00e9 and the port - Exemption of taxes on new vehicles - Increase the use rate of improved homes by 40% - Increase the share of wood coal produced with improved technologies from less than 1% in 2020 to 45% - Increase the share of the population using biogas for cooking to 4% in 2025 and 12% in 2030 in urban areas; to 6% in 2025 and 15% in 2030 in rural areas - Increase the", + "context": "(ii) Projets, mesures et activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour contribuer aux co- b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, y compris des informations sur les plans d adaptation qui produisent \u00e9galement des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices d att\u00e9nuation, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs cl\u00e9s, tels que l \u00e9nergie, les ressources, l eau ressources, ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9tablissements humains et planification urbaine, agriculture et foresterie; et des actions de diversification \u00e9conomique, qui peuvent couvrir, mais sans s y limiter, des secteurs tels que la fabrication et l industrie, l \u00e9nergie et les mines, les transports et les communications, la construction, le tourisme, l immobilier, l agriculture et la p\u00eache Secteur ENERGIE : - Promotion de la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 base des sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables au Togo - Poursuite de la politique d\u2019\u00e9lectrification pour tous \u2013 Extension du r\u00e9seau et d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s pour atteindre 100% d\u2019\u00e9lectrification, soutenue par la mise en place du Fond Electricit\u00e9 pour Tous ; - Augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production, de transport et de distribution d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u2013 D\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s de production durables et fiables, notamment dans le solaire et l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectrique, et renforcement correspondant du r\u00e9seau de transport et de distribution (en synergie avec l\u2019extension du r\u00e9seau internet) ; - Porter \u00e0 50% la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Porter \u00e0 3% la part des v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectriques dans l\u2019acquisition des v\u00e9hicules neuf d\u2019ici \u00e0 2025 - Extension du r\u00e9seau routier rural \u2013 Construction de 4000 km de voies rurales ciblant les zones agricoles \u00e0 fort potentiel d exportation afin de connecter les agriculteurs au march\u00e9 ; - Construction de l\u2019Autoroute de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 \u2013 Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la RN1 reliant l hinterland productif \u00e0 l agglom\u00e9ration de Lom\u00e9 et au port - Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs - Porter le taux d\u2019utilisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de 40% - Porter la part du charbon de bois produit avec les techniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de moins de 1 % en 2020 \u00e0 45% - Porter la part de la population utilisant le biogaz pour la cuisson \u00e0 4% en 2025 et \u00e0 12% en 2030 en milieu urbain ; \u00e0 6% en 2025 et 15% en 2030 en milieu rural - Porter la part de la population utilisation les briquettes \u00e0 15% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 10% en milieu rural en 2030 - Porter la part de la population utilisant le GPL \u00e0 35% en milieu urbain et \u00e0 8% en milieu rural d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 Secteur PIUP : - Distribution des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des gaz-F - Renforcement de la capacit\u00e9 des techniciens du froid afin de r\u00e9duire les pertes lors des manipulations- Valorisation de la fili\u00e8re de traitement et de recyclage des gaz fluor\u00e9s - Promotion de l\u2019importation des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes alternatifs comme ; propane (R290) ; Isobutane(R600a) utilis\u00e9s pour les cong\u00e9lateurs ; des vitrines frigorifiques et de distributeurs de cr\u00e8me glac\u00e9e ; R448A (HFC- HFO) ; R455A (HFC-HFO) en remplacement de R404A - Promotion de la construction des \u00e9difices priv\u00e9s et publics avec des mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019isolants thermiques - Exon\u00e9ration de taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs Secteur AFAT - D\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 du secteur agricole \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie efficace de gestion durable des terres cultiv\u00e9es ; - Promotion et gestion durable des ouvrages d\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro-agricole, hydro-pastorale et agricole et d\u2019approvisionnement en eau ; - Organisation des cha\u00eenes de valeurs : Organiser les fili\u00e8res pour toutes les cultures principales jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la chaine de transformation et de commercialisation des produits et sous-produits agricoles; - la modernisation du sous-secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 travers l\u2019augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 des \u00e9levages au-del\u00e0 de la croissance et du d\u00e9veloppement naturel des troupeaux, la mise en place des unit\u00e9s de transformation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les performances de l\u2019\u00e9levage des bovins, l\u2019introduction des g\u00e9niteurs am\u00e9liorateurs dans le syst\u00e8me traditionnel, l\u2019intensification de l\u2019embouche et le renforcement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour la commercialisation des produits d\u2019\u00e9levage, etc ; - Appui au reboisement \u00e0 vocation de fourrage avec l\u2019introduction d\u2019arbres fourragers dans les exploitations agricoles dans une optique de production soutenue de fourrages de qualit\u00e9 ; - Restauration des paysages forestiers existants \u00e0 travers la promotion de la restauration des for\u00eats naturelles, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, en privil\u00e9giant l\u2019appui aux projets en lien avec des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9s (Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, for\u00eats communautaires ou villageoises, sites sacr\u00e9s), en limitant la fragmentation des massifs forestiers et en maintenant la connexion des habitats naturels ; - Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion durable des terres pour le renforcement des puits de carbone et le pi\u00e9geage du carbone au travers des \u00abplans de d\u00e9veloppement de massif\u00bb promus par la for\u00eat priv\u00e9e ou for\u00eats communautaires ou des \u00abchartes foresti\u00e8res de territoire\u00bb ou des p\u00f4les d\u2019excellence rurale ; - D\u00e9veloppement de la foresterie urbaine \u00e0 travers la mise en place des plantations urbaines, la promotion et la cr\u00e9ation des espaces verts ; - Promotion de la transformation des produits forestiers et des sous-produits non-ligneux et promotion de chaines de valeur et l\u2019acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 pour lesproduits forestiers transform\u00e9s ; - Renforcement de la lutte participative contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation pour contribuer au stockage de carbone, en r\u00e9duisant le taux actuel de d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019impact des feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, source d\u2019\u00e9missions de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re Secteur des d\u00e9chets : - Projet eau et assainissement du Togo (PEAT1&2) : am\u00e9nagement d un centre d enfouissement technique (CET) \u00e0 Lom\u00e9 et am\u00e9nagement de d\u00e9charges finales, mise en place d un syst\u00e8me de collecte des ordures m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (OM), valorisation des d\u00e9chets, construction de latrines, extension du r\u00e9seau de distribution d\u2019eau potable dans les villes Ts\u00e9vi\u00e9, Atakpam\u00e9 Sokod\u00e9, Kara et Dapaong Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques, y compris celles permettant d estimer et de comptabiliser les \u00e9missions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les absorptions: a) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour comptabiliser les \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre correspondant \u00e0 la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national de la Partie, conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 31 de la d\u00e9cision 1 / CP.21 et aux orientations comptables adopt\u00e9es par la CMA Le Togo a comptabilis\u00e9 ses \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropiques de GES en utilisant les Lignes directrices 2006 du Groupe d experts intergouvernemental sur l \u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, le logiciel 2006 du GIEC et le Suppl\u00e9ment de 2013 aux Lignes directrices 2006 du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour les zones humides. Le Togo s\u2019est aussi appuy\u00e9 sur les : \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques et de gestion des incertitudes pour les inventaires nationaux (GPG 2000) \u2022 Recommandations du GIEC en mati\u00e8re de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur UTCATF (GPG LULUCF b) Hypoth\u00e8ses et approches m\u00e9thodologiques utilis\u00e9es pour rendre compte de la mise en \u0153uvre des politiques et mesures ou strat\u00e9gies dans la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national La quantification du niveau d \u00e9missions de GES dans le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, est bas\u00e9e sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes : \u2022 Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des transports, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration et l\u2019extension des infrastructures routi\u00e8res (en cours et pr\u00e9vue dans la Feuille de Route Gouvernementale 2025) et la promotion des transports en commun \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission permettra de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique finale de 10% pour les motos et de 20% pour les voitures et les camions ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 26% des techniciens du froid \u00e9taient form\u00e9s ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 79% des techniciens du froid seront form\u00e9s d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH), 3,4% des techniciens du froid ont re\u00e7u des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ; ainsi selon les axes d\u2019orientation de la deuxi\u00e8me phase de ce projet qui sont similaires aux axes de la phase 1 ; 9,4%des techniciens du froid recevront des appareils de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d\u2019ici 2030 ; \u2022 Dans la phase 1 du projet Plan de Gestion de l\u2019Elimination des HCFC (PGEH) ;3 structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 70 climatiseurs split fonctionnant \u00e0 base du R-290 qui est un gaz-F alternatifs ayant un potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement global faible ;sur cette base la phase 2 qui aura les m\u00eames orientations que celles de la phase 1 permettra de diminuer l\u2019importation des HFCs de 5% /an \u00e0 travers la composante : Distribution des Gaz-F alternatifs aux structures poss\u00e9dant de grandes installations de froid ; \u2022 Au Togo ; des \u00e9quipements de froids fixes hors usages et en fin de cycle de vie contiennent 55% des gaz-F et sont c\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de ferrailles sans traitement ; la mise en place d\u2019une fili\u00e8re de recyclage d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de traitement de 5 tonnes de gaz-F par an permettra d\u2019en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 50%/an ; \u2022 La construction d\u2019au moins 100 b\u00e2timents \u00e9cologiques utilisant moins de climatiseurs \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9duira d\u2019au moins de 2% le taux d\u2019importation des gaz-F. \u2022 La poursuite des efforts du gouvernement togolais en mati\u00e8re de reboisement permettrait de porter le taux de couverture foresti\u00e8re de 24,24% \u00e0 30% soit un une augmentation d\u2019environ 5 % de la superficie foresti\u00e8re et des terres rebois\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des actions de lutte contre les feux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et les mesures de protection des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 5% des superficies des formations v\u00e9g\u00e9tales br\u00fbl\u00e9es ; \u2022 Les efforts de protection des formations foresti\u00e8res et le respect des affectations des terres contribueront \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la limitation de la conversion des terres foresti\u00e8res en terres agricoles ou en d\u2019autres formes d\u2019utilisations des terres ; \u2022 La promotion des sources alternatives d\u2019\u00e9nergie domestiques et la vulgarisation des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s permettra la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019utilisation du bois \u00e9nergie et les \u00e9missions de CO2 et autres GES li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette forme d\u2019\u00e9nergie ; \u2022 Dans le sous-secteur de l\u2019agriculture, de nombreuses initiatives sont entreprises ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et visent la promotion de la transformation de 5 % de fumier et des r\u00e9sidus agricoles en composte (engrais organique) et/ou en biogaz occasionnant ainsi la r\u00e9duction de 3 % de l\u2019utilisation des engrais chimiques et l\u2019intensification de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019engrais organique ; \u2022 La mise en \u0153uvre des nouvelles orientations strat\u00e9giques dans le secteur de la production des produits c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers contribuera \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de 3% de la superficie des rizi\u00e8res irrigu\u00e9es pour la promotion de la riziculture pluviale ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 12% des d\u00e9chets solides urbains(soit 100000 tonnes) par compostage dans les principales villes par an ; \u2022 Valoriser d\u2019ici 2030, 80% de biogaz produit par le centre d\u2019enfouissement de Lom\u00e9, par an en \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique pour les besoins du site ; \u2022 R\u00e9duire de 80% la quantit\u00e9 des d\u00e9chets destin\u00e9s au br\u00fblage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la collecte des d\u00e9chets et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux CET dans les villes secondaires ; \u2022 Valoriser 5% des eaux us\u00e9es domestiques des zones rurales en biogaz, d\u2019ici 2030 par la mise en place des fosses septiques \u00e0 biogaz L\u2019approche m\u00e9thodologique utilis\u00e9e est celle du LEAP-IBC.", "answer": { "text": "Exon\u00e9ration des taxes sur les v\u00e9hicules neufs", "answer_start": 295 @@ -44231,7 +45575,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf", - "context": "Some of these are listed below. Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of", + "context": "Some of these are listed below. Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week.", "answer": { "text": "Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles", "answer_start": 142 @@ -44247,7 +45591,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/Saint%20Lucia%20INDC%2018th%20November%202015.pdf", - "context": "Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009", + "context": "Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week. Development of a Climate Change Public Education and Awareness Strategy Implementation Plan Sustainable Development Benefits Achievement of the mitigation targets will translate to significant sustainable development benefit for Saint Lucia.", "answer": { "text": "Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles", "answer_start": 136 @@ -44279,7 +45623,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "This programme promotes gender equality, through its inclusion in the decisions of climate change summits, and in national climate change policies, in order to be able to better deal with extreme climate phenomena.", + "context": "Este Programa promueve la igualdad de g\u00e9nero, mediante su inclusi\u00f3n en las decisiones de las cumbres de cambio clim\u00e1tico, y en las pol\u00edticas nacionales en materia de cambio clim\u00e1tico, con el fin de poder enfrentar de mejor manera los fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos. El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energ\u00eda + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gesti\u00f3n de riesgo.", "answer": { "text": "El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energ\u00eda + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gesti\u00f3n de riesgo.", "answer_start": 42 @@ -44295,7 +45639,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Dominican%20Republic%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20Submission).pdf", - "context": "In the Dominican Republic, the National Plan for Gender Equality 2020-2030 (PLANEG III) of the Ministry of Women of the Dominican Republic establishes gender mainstreaming, based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic, with the aim of overcoming the inequalities in rights between men and women and achieving gender equality.", + "context": "El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energ\u00eda + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gesti\u00f3n de riesgo. A trav\u00e9s del Plan Nacional de Igualdad y Equidad de G\u00e9nero 2020-2030 (PLANEG III) del Ministerio de la Mujer de la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, se establece la transversalidad de g\u00e9nero, basada en lo que dispone la Constituci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica, con la finalidad de superar las desigualdades de derechos entre hombres y mujeres y lograr la equidad de g\u00e9nero.", "answer": { "text": "El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energ\u00eda + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gesti\u00f3n de riesgo.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -44311,7 +45655,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the challenge is therefore to reverse this trend and to make every effort to decarbonise the mobility system. The efforts to be made will be very substantial, but will also bring important additional benefits such as better air quality, a reduction in road congestion, noise nuisance and the number of accidents, or a reduction or even elimination of storage capacities for petroleum products, thereby generating health benefits and improvements in the quality of life of citizens.", + "context": "Pour parvenir \u00e0 la neutralit\u00e9 climatique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, le d\u00e9fi consiste donc \u00e0 inverser cette tendance et \u00e0 tout mettre en \u0153uvre pour d\u00e9carboniser le syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9. Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer": { "text": "g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer_start": 75 @@ -44327,7 +45671,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Although it is imperative that prices reflect the real costs147 of the various modes of transport, in particular through an appropriate fiscal policy, including taxation of fuels and vehicles, the development and implementation of solutions that encourage users to change their habits in terms of mobility are paramount.", + "context": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu\u2019il soit imp\u00e9ratif que les prix refl\u00e8tent les co\u00fbts r\u00e9els147 des diff\u00e9rents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d\u2019une politique fiscale appropri\u00e9e, incluant la taxation des carburants et des v\u00e9hicules, le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions incitant les usagers \u00e0 modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilit\u00e9 sont primordiaux.", "answer": { "text": "g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer_start": 46 @@ -44391,7 +45735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "The National Urban Development Policy \u2022 U-2. Sustainable Metropolitan Mobility For ease of understanding, the names of the mitigation options, original version in annexes, have been simplified. National Strategy for Low Greenhouse Gas EmissionsThe prioritized options in this sector show variability in macroeconomic pacts, although it is identified that they mostly impact positively on energy savings. The option for electric vehicles (T-5), presents positive cost impacts in relation to the trend, avoided energy expenditures, switch to local fuels, strengthening local supply chains and generating employment.", + "context": "Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano \u2022 U-2. Movilidad metropolitana sostenible Para la facilidad de comprensi\u00f3n del documento, se simplificaron los nombres de las opciones de mitigaci\u00f3n, versi\u00f3n original en anexos. Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoLas opciones priorizadas en este sector muestran variabilidad de im- pactos macroecon\u00f3micos, aunque se identifica que en su mayor\u00eda impactan de forma positiva en ahorros por el uso de energ\u00eda. La opci\u00f3n para de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energ\u00eda, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generaci\u00f3n de empleo.", "answer": { "text": "La opci\u00f3n para de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energ\u00eda, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generaci\u00f3n de empleo.", "answer_start": 71 @@ -44407,7 +45751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Guatemala.pdf", - "context": "Other options, such as the implementation of the Metropolitan Mobility Plan (U-2), represent an increase in cost compared to the current trend, although with positive impacts by reducing the cost of capital for imports, energy expenditures, boost job generation and stimulate local supply chains.", + "context": "La opci\u00f3n para de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energ\u00eda, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generaci\u00f3n de empleo. Otras opciones como la implementaci\u00f3n del Plan de Movilidad Me- tropolitana (U-2), representa un incremento en costo respecto a la tendencia actual, aunque con impactos positivos al reducir la canti- dad de capital para importaciones, los gastos en energ\u00eda, impulsan la generaci\u00f3n de empleo y estimula las cadenas de suministro locales.", "answer": { "text": "La opci\u00f3n para de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energ\u00eda, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generaci\u00f3n de empleo.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -44471,7 +45815,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf", - "context": "grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high.", + "context": "Government spending on climate related initiatives has increased substantially in recent years. Table 1. Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high.", "answer": { "text": "EU ETS (aviation)", "answer_start": 293 @@ -44487,7 +45831,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Sweden.pdf", - "context": "Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high. Several reports2 have shown that the costs of not taking action widely exceed the costs of doing so.", + "context": "Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high. Several reports2 have shown that the costs of not taking action widely exceed the costs of doing so.", "answer": { "text": "EU ETS (aviation)", "answer_start": 279 @@ -44567,7 +45911,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Transport Unconditional Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey Regional Economic Corridor Project (LON).xiii Annex 3: List of potential socio-economic benefits in the implementation of actions under the different sectors of the CDN SECTOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS Transport/Infrastructure creation of temporary and permanent jobs; reduction in the number of road accidents; saving of travel time for economic or leisure activities; reduction in the number of flood victims; improvement of the living environment of the population; long-term reduction in freight costs through the resulting reduction in transport costs; reduction of GHG emissions in the long-term transport sector, leading to an improvement in the health of the population (reduced pollution-related diseases); Waste increasing the energy supply; improving the living conditions of the population; achieving savings", + "context": "Efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans l habitat urbain et rural. 1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet r\u00e9gional de Corridor \u00e9conomique Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-\u00e9conomiques potentiels dans la mise en \u0153uvre des actions relevant des diff\u00e9rents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d\u2019accidents de la route ; l\u2019\u00e9conomie de temps des voyages au profit des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse \u00e0 long terme des co\u00fbts des marchandises \u00e0 travers la baisse occasionn\u00e9e du co\u00fbt du transport ; la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites) ; D\u00e9chets l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019offre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019\u00e9conomies sur l\u2019importation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de fuel ; l\u2019utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l\u2019utilisation du compost ; la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane pour une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable des \u00e9missions d\u2019un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux intrants agricoles de qualit\u00e9, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l\u2019accroissement de la productivit\u00e9, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois verts ; l\u2019accroissement des revenus pour les femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de projets ; l\u2019accroissement de la r\u00e9silience des populations b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de pollution des sources d\u2019eau et de la biodiversit\u00e9 par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigu\u00e9s par goutte \u00e0 goutte ; l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s ; l\u2019accroissement des superficies des terres exploit\u00e9es par l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des bas-fonds et la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources foresti\u00e8res et contribution des fili\u00e8res foresti\u00e8res au PIB ; la couverture des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, par une extension des am\u00e9nagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et le transfert de comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ; le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce multirisque et \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures d\u2019adaptation concr\u00e8tes ; la gestion durable des terres et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des m\u00e9nages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution \u00e0 la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution \u00e0 l\u2019atteindre de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal en vue de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des populations vuln\u00e9rables et la contribution \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone ; l\u2019appui au d\u00e9veloppement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re et environnementale en augmentant la r\u00e9silience au changement climatique et en pr\u00e9servant les ressources foresti\u00e8res ; \u00c9levage l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du b\u00e9tail ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces de p\u00e2ture ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l\u2019augmentation des superficies r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la r\u00e9duction de la coupe du bois ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de d\u00e9gradation des terres et de conflits ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de sant\u00e9 animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la s\u00e9curisation des activit\u00e9s pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : R\u00e9pertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d\u2019\u00e9quipement install\u00e9 (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances install\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations", "answer_start": 78 @@ -44583,7 +45927,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Unconditional transport Regional Economic Corridor project Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annex 3: List of potential socio-economic benefits in the implementation of actions under the different sectors of the CDN SECTOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS Transport/Infrastructure creation of temporary and permanent jobs; reduction of the number of road accidents; saving of travel time for economic or leisure activities; reduction of the number of flood victims; improvement of the living environment of the population; long-term reduction of freight costs through the resulting reduction of transport costs; reduction of GHG emissions in the transport sector in the long term, leading to an improvement in the health of the population (reduced pollution-related diseases); Waste increase in energy supply; improvement of the living conditions of the population; realization of", + "context": "1 753 200 40,527 Transport Inconditionnel Projet r\u00e9gional de Corridor \u00e9conomique Lom\u00e9-Ouagadougou- Niamey (LON).xiii Annexe 3 : Liste des avantages socio-\u00e9conomiques potentiels dans la mise en \u0153uvre des actions relevant des diff\u00e9rents secteurs de la CDN SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES Transport/Infrastructure la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois temporaires et permanents ; la baisse du nombre d\u2019accidents de la route ; l\u2019\u00e9conomie de temps des voyages au profit des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ou aux loisirs ; la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie des populations ; la baisse \u00e0 long terme des co\u00fbts des marchandises \u00e0 travers la baisse occasionn\u00e9e du co\u00fbt du transport ; la baisse des \u00e9missions de GES dans le secteur des transports \u00e0 long terme, entra\u00eenant une am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 des populations (maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution r\u00e9duites) ; D\u00e9chets l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019offre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des populations ; la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019\u00e9conomies sur l\u2019importation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de fuel ; l\u2019utilisation des engrais de compostage des boues de vidange ; la gestion durable des fertilisants agricoles ; l\u2019utilisation du compost ; la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9thane pour une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable des \u00e9missions d\u2019un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ; Agriculture la mise en place de m\u00e9canismes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux intrants agricoles de qualit\u00e9, au financement et aux appuis conseils ; l\u2019accroissement de la productivit\u00e9, des productions et des revenus agricoles sur une base durable pour les exploitants dont les femmes et les jeunes ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois verts ; l\u2019accroissement des revenus pour les femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de projets ; l\u2019accroissement de la r\u00e9silience des populations b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires face aux changements climatiques ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de pollution des sources d\u2019eau et de la biodiversit\u00e9 par la non utilisation des herbicides du fait du faible enherbement des sites irrigu\u00e9s par goutte \u00e0 goutte ; l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s ; l\u2019accroissement des superficies des terres exploit\u00e9es par l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des bas-fonds et la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es ; Foresterie la gestion durable les ressources foresti\u00e8res et contribution des fili\u00e8res foresti\u00e8res au PIB ; la couverture des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, par une extension des am\u00e9nagements forestiers ; la restauration des ressources d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et le transfert de comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ; le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des populations en relation avec la question du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce multirisque et \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures d\u2019adaptation concr\u00e8tes ; la gestion durable des terres et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des m\u00e9nages agro-sylvo- pastoraux aux changements climatiques ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes du fleuve Niger et des populations par une gestion durable des ressources naturelles ;xiv SECTEUR AVANTAGES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES la contribution \u00e0 la gestion durable des espaces de conservation ; la contribution \u00e0 l\u2019atteindre de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels ; la restauration durable du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal en vue de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des populations vuln\u00e9rables et la contribution \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone ; l\u2019appui au d\u00e9veloppement des initiatives locales de la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re et environnementale en augmentant la r\u00e9silience au changement climatique et en pr\u00e9servant les ressources foresti\u00e8res ; \u00c9levage l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la couverture des besoins alimentaires du b\u00e9tail ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ; l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie des agro-pasteurs ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces de p\u00e2ture ; l\u2019augmentation des espaces pastoraux fonctionnels ; l\u2019augmentation des superficies r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es ; la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois et de revenus ; la diminution de la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles ; la fixation et protection des berges ; la r\u00e9duction de la coupe du bois ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de d\u00e9gradation des terres et de conflits ; la r\u00e9duction des risques de sant\u00e9 animale pour les pays de transit/destination ; la s\u00e9curisation des activit\u00e9s pastorales ;xv Annexe 5 : R\u00e9pertoire des indicateurs de suivi de la CDN et alignement aux cibles SECTEURS INDICATEURS DE SUIVI CDN CIBLES ODD CONCERNEES Energie Nombre d\u2019\u00e9quipement install\u00e9 (lampes efficaces et climatiseurs efficaces), Les puissances install\u00e9es. Infrastructures Taux d\u2019ex\u00e9cution physique/financier (%) ; Proportion/lin\u00e9aire de voiries am\u00e9nag\u00e9es ; Proportion/lin\u00e9aire de caniveaux am\u00e9nag\u00e9es.", "answer": { "text": "la diminution du nombre de sinistr\u00e9s des inondations", "answer_start": 70 @@ -44599,7 +45943,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 206 @@ -44615,7 +45959,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system", "answer_start": 29 @@ -44647,7 +45991,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community\u2013based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village", + "context": "Infrastructure - Buildings NCDM 31 Prepare spatial planning (city/district/municipality) guidelines at all levels for climate change adaptation Integrating climate change response measures to the commune land use planning Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 32 Integrating climate change response measures to the policy of social land concession (SLC) and its procedures Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 33 Prepare modality of standardized green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address vulnerability of urbanization. Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community\u2013based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries\u2019 submissionCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC.", "answer": { "text": "Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact", "answer_start": 275 @@ -44663,7 +46007,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community\u2013based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village", + "context": "Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 34 Vulnerability assessment towards the development of climate change strategic plans to respond to the impacts on land, housings, coastal management and building due to climate change Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 35 Promote Land Use Planning Tools for urban houses and building construction adaptive to climate change benefits to the low-income and homeless people Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 36 Promote proper low-cost shelters for low-income households resilient to climate change, practically in the area of social land concession Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 37 Development of building code with mainstreaming climate change into building designs Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPC 38 Mainstream climate change response measures into coastal development planning against sea water intrusion, sea water rise and seasonal storm destruction, and rising temperature Infrastructure - Land use planning MLMUPCCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Adaptation action Sector / Sub sector Ministry 39 Strengthening Climate Resilient Cities Infrastructure - Land use planning NCDD 40 Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impacts, including developing an M&E framework for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 41 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastructure - Roads MPWT 42 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience Infrastructure - Roads MRD 43 Develop and annually update national and subnational multi- hazard and climate risk assessments, including the identification of the most vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 44 National end-to-end early warning systems with focus on effective dissemination to populations at risk Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 45 Implement community\u2013based disaster and climate risk management programs Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDM 46 Building resilience of biodiversity conservation and restoration to adapt to climate change Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MOE 47 Integrated village development Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity MRD 48 Strengthen flood resiliency capacity of communities around lake Tonle Sap (access to clean water, off grid renewable energy and waste management) Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 49 Building climate resilient livelihood and public infrastructures in social land concession for vulnerable communities Livelihoods, poverty and biodiversity NCDD 50 Provide capacity building and supports for climate change innovation at the provincial along Tonle Sap River Tourism MOT 51 Raising public awareness on climate change innovation at all levels Tourism MOT 52 Practicing smart agriculture in tourism sector Tourism MOT 53 Establish an automated nation-wide hydromet monitoring network and data transmission program, including the collection of climate and hydrological data Water resources MOWRAM 54 Establish a centralized and standardized approach to climate- resilient water management Water resources MOWRAM 55 Establish a national climate and flood warning system, including a service centre and flood emergency response plans Water resources MOWRAM 56 Integrated groundwater management in Cambodia Water resources NCDD 57 Establish nationally standardized best-practice systems for irrigation Water resources MOWRAM 58 Resilient and Adaptive rural water supply and sanitation construction Water resources MRD Source: Ministries\u2019 submissionCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Enabling actions In addition, a number of Ministries also play an enabling role to facilitate the implementation of actions within the NDC. Such actions can be divided into the followings (29): Education (4 actions) Gender (6 actions) Governance (2 actions) Information (4 actions) Knowledge sharing (1 action) Policy and planning (12 actions) Table 11 Enabling actions No.", "answer": { "text": "Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact", "answer_start": 200 @@ -44695,7 +46039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities. NCDM - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia - Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across", + "context": "Develop national road construction and maintenance design standards for national and provincial roads, considering climate change impact including M&E framework develop for climate proofing and low-carbon technology roads MPWT Reduce road repair/ rehabilitation cost Reduce vehicle maintenance Save time Ensure flow of traffic and transportationCambodia\u2019s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact MPWT - GHG mitigation using low carbon technology road - Building road with less impacts on forest, biodiversity - Planting tree along road and highway to reduce heat and emission produced by road - Ensure sustainability of water run-off for the intersection of water way and road line Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD - Contribute to GHG reduction - Food Security, - Agriculture market connectivity, Skill development, - Improve productivities Livelihoods, poverty and vulnerability Develop and annually update national and subnational multi-hazard and climate risk assessments, including identification of most vulnerable communities. NCDM - National risk assessment can be used as a basis for priority areas of adaptation and mitigation activities - Enhanced database on disaster occurrences in Cambodia - Being an instrument in monitoring disaster impacts across the country; can be used to informed priority areas and actions on mitigation activities.", "answer": { "text": "Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact", "answer_start": 50 @@ -44711,7 +46055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20201231_NDC_Update_Cambodia.pdf", - "context": "-Climate proofed standard design is built, quality of road infrastructure resilience to extreme climate event reduce maintenance and rehabilitation cost, good condition of road will result in better combustion led to GHG reduction Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female The climate proofing road standard will consider gender considerations to ensure the women have full access to roads and use roads as a means to improve their income and livelihood. 30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road", + "context": "-Climate proofed standard design is built, quality of road infrastructure resilience to extreme climate event reduce maintenance and rehabilitation cost, good condition of road will result in better combustion led to GHG reduction Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Transport Sector Road Infrastructure Projects by ADB Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: Road infrastructure projects by WB Capacity building program for stakeholders on climate proofing road standard 25% at least of workers or beneficiaries are female The climate proofing road standard will consider gender considerations to ensure the women have full access to roads and use roads as a means to improve their income and livelihood. 30% of local women report increased mobility all year round due to improved roads Unconditional-for publication (national budget)+Training 57 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact Infrastruct ure - Roads Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) Cambodia Climate Change Strategic National Adaptation Plan Financing Strengthen climate road resilience to avoid loss and damage due to climate hazards and ensure full and sustain road operations for road users particularly most vulnerable group New national road construction using climate proofing road standards by 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure and ensure effective operation and maintenance systems, considering climate change impact", "answer_start": 129 @@ -44791,7 +46135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", + "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", "answer": { "text": "Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation)", "answer_start": 956 @@ -44807,7 +46151,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", + "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", "answer": { "text": "Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation)", "answer_start": 951 @@ -44951,7 +46295,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "Thus, Cameroonians, especially women, children and vulnerable persons, and the country\u2019s economic sectors will acquire greater resilience and capacity to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. Republic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 6.1 Priorities for adaptation and resilience in Cameroon Table 2: Adaptation priorities by sector and corresponding SDO Sector SDO Priorities Corresponding Agriculture - Promote climate-smart agriculture to strengthen resilience and improve investments in adaptation and strengthen the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Strengthen the value chain in agriculture Energy - Ensure sustainable energy supply and undertake certification of the climate resilience of energy infrastructure - Ensure energy security Infrastructure - Build climate-resistant infrastructure, including rail systems, airports and", + "context": "Ainsi les Camerounais particuli\u00e8rement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vuln\u00e9rables et les secteurs \u00e9conomiques du pays vont acqu\u00e9rir une plus grande r\u00e9silience et une plus grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation aux impacts n\u00e9gatifs des changements climatiques.R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.1 Les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019adaptation et la r\u00e9silience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorit\u00e9s ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience et am\u00e9liorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la cha\u00eene de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique durable et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la certification de la r\u00e9silience climatique des infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques - Garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des syst\u00e8mes ferroviaires, des a\u00e9roports et des ports maritimes, qui r\u00e9sistent au climat gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l int\u00e9gration de mesures d adaptation et de r\u00e9silience pour am\u00e9liorer la durabilit\u00e9. - Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e.", "answer": { "text": "Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce", "answer_start": 179 @@ -44967,7 +46311,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "- Supporting regional infrastructure and improving trade and Strengthening the resilience of regional transport corridors - Ensuring the resilience of urban and rural transport systemsRepublic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 Population resilience - Strengthening the resilience of communities to the adverse effects of climate change through improved access and connectivity, and food storage - Developing human skills sensitive to climate change issues - Strengthening social solidarity - Establishing a mechanism for monitoring adaptation to climate change specific to local vulnerabilities - Contributing to the eradication of extreme poverty Economy and development - Strengthening the business environment to increase investment in the transition to resilient development - Strengthening the mobilization of resources necessary for financing adaptation - Supporting the promotion of circular economy initiatives and supporting job creation in the waste recycling sector ODD 8 & ODD", + "context": "- Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce et Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des corridors de transport r\u00e9gionaux - Assurer la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de transport urbain et ruralR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9silience des populations - Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s et une connectivit\u00e9 am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, et un stockage des aliments - D\u00e9velopper les comp\u00e9tences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 sociale - Mettre en place un m\u00e9canisme de suivi de l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique sp\u00e9cifique aux vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s locales - Contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer l extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 Economie et d\u00e9veloppement - Renforcer l\u2019environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires pour le financement de l\u2019adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et soutenir la cr\u00e9ation des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des d\u00e9chets ODD 8 & ODD 9R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation L\u2019ensemble des projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s correspondent aux axes strat\u00e9giques d\u00e9finis par la Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu\u2019aux attentes de la CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e. Projet 1 : Mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019observation, de gestion des informations et d\u2019alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et op\u00e9rationnalisation du fonds d\u2019urgence ; Projet 3 : \u00c9laboration de Plan d\u2019Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des d\u00e9cideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures \u00e0 prendre ; Projet 5 : R\u00e9silience des infrastructures et des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9veloppement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.", "answer": { "text": "Soutenir les infrastructures r\u00e9gionales et am\u00e9liorer le commerce", "answer_start": 1 @@ -44983,7 +46327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Congo.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 National Energy Policy 2018-2028, which underpins action on the energy sector, affecting cities in the face of the impacts of climate change \u2022 Project support has been received to create a more climate-resilient transport sector \u2022 Action on low-emission transport options remains unsupported \u2022 Connecting farmers to rural markets through climate-resilient infrastructure \u2022 Measures to increase coastal defences of climate-resilient infrastructure, physical planning standards and codes \u2022 \"Greening\" urban development plans \u2022 Rainwater and drainage systems and waste management (sewer, municipal, industrial) need improvements Climate-induced migration \u2022 Indirect support for action on climate-induced migration \u2022 Assessments of resettlement, depopulation, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization", + "context": "Eau et assainissement \u2022 Mise en place de la Politique Eau, Assainissement et Hygi\u00e8ne \u2022 Les partenaires de d\u00e9veloppement mettent maintenant activement en \u0153uvre la politique dans les provinces; le D\u00e9partement de la planification et du suivi national (DNPM) supervise cette activit\u00e9, qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 dans certaines provinces \u2022 Acc\u00e8s accru \u00e0 l eau potable et aux \u2022 L\u2019assainissement dans les zones rurales entra\u00eenant une diminution du paludisme et d autres maladies \u00e0 transmission vectorielle \u2022 Am\u00e9liorations des approches technologiques \u2022 Am\u00e9liorations du captage d\u2019eau \u2022 Processus de dessalement \u2022 D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019initiatives d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable pour lutter contre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 hydrique induite par le changement climatique \u2022 Les activit\u00e9s mises en \u0153uvre dans le cadre de la politique nationale doivent \u00eatre reproduites dans toutes les communaut\u00e9s Inondations c\u00f4ti\u00e8res et mont\u00e9e du niveau de la mer \u2022 Plantation de mangroves \u2022 Structures de d\u00e9fense c\u00f4ti\u00e8re \u2022 R\u00e9habilitation c\u00f4ti\u00e8re et relocalisation / r\u00e9installation \u2022 \u00c9valuations des risques climatiques et de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 dans les provinces \u2022 \u00c9largissement et reproduction de mesures r\u00e9ussies sur les c\u00f4tes du pays \u2022 Normes et codes de planification physique r\u00e9silients au climat \u2022 Aucune politique sur les infrastructures r\u00e9silientes au climat Inondations int\u00e9rieures \u2022 \u00c9valuations des risques climatiques, des dangers et de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u2022 Exercices communautaires de simulation d\u2019inondations \u2022 Int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce \u2022 Extension et r\u00e9plication \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale \u2022 Cartographie des dangers \u2022 Stabilisation des sols \u2022 Normes et codes de planification physique de planification r\u00e9siliente au climat \u2022 Plans de gestion des infrastructures et des actifsVilles et changement climatique. \u2022 Politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique nationale 2018-2028, qui sous- tend l action sur le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, affectant les villes face aux impacts du changement climatique \u2022 Un soutien au projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7u pour cr\u00e9er un secteur des transports plus r\u00e9silient au changement climatique \u2022 L\u2019action sur les options de transport \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions reste sans appui \u2022 Connecter les agriculteurs aux march\u00e9s des zones rurales via des infrastructures \u00e0 l \u00e9preuve du climat \u2022 Mesures pour accro\u00eetre les d\u00e9fenses c\u00f4ti\u00e8res des infrastructures, normes et codes de planification physique r\u00e9silients au climat \u2022 \u00ab\u00c9cologisation\u00bb des plans de d\u00e9veloppement urbain \u2022 Les syst\u00e8mes d eaux pluviales et de drainage et la gestion des d\u00e9chets (\u00e9gouts, municipaux, industriels) n\u00e9cessitent des am\u00e9liorations Migration induite par le climat \u2022 Soutien indirect \u00e0 l action sur les migrations induites par le climat \u2022 Les \u00e9valuations de la r\u00e9installation, de la r\u00e9installation et de l inclusion sociale de genre doivent \u00eatre explor\u00e9es \u2022 Sensibilisation aux impacts des migrations li\u00e9es au changement climatique sur les terres coutumi\u00e8res \u2022 Un \u00e9ventail de strat\u00e9gies et d activit\u00e9s est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire pour pr\u00e9parer la r\u00e9installation, y compris des consultations approfondies avec les migrants induits par le climat et leurs communaut\u00e9s d accueil; le NCCDMP stipule que le soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation des personnes devrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9, y compris par le biais de la planification et de la construction de b\u00e2timents et d infrastructures par le gouvernement local.", "answer": { "text": "Un soutien au projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7u pour cr\u00e9er un secteur des transports plus r\u00e9silient au changement climatique", "answer_start": 280 @@ -44999,7 +46343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_Congo.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Action on low-emission transport options remains unsupported \u2022 Connecting farmers to rural markets through climate-proof infrastructure Measures to increase coastal defences of climate-resilient infrastructure, physical planning standards and codes \"Greening\" urban development plans Rainwater and drainage systems and waste management (sewer, municipal, industrial) need improvement Climate-induced migration Indirect support for action on climate-induced migration Assessments of resettlement, resettlement and gender social inclusion need to be explored Awareness of the impacts of climate-related migration on customary lands A range of strategies and activities are also needed to prepare for resettlement, including in-depth consultations with climate-induced migrants and their host communities", + "context": "\u2022 Politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique nationale 2018-2028, qui sous- tend l action sur le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, affectant les villes face aux impacts du changement climatique \u2022 Un soutien au projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7u pour cr\u00e9er un secteur des transports plus r\u00e9silient au changement climatique \u2022 L\u2019action sur les options de transport \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions reste sans appui \u2022 Connecter les agriculteurs aux march\u00e9s des zones rurales via des infrastructures \u00e0 l \u00e9preuve du climat \u2022 Mesures pour accro\u00eetre les d\u00e9fenses c\u00f4ti\u00e8res des infrastructures, normes et codes de planification physique r\u00e9silients au climat \u2022 \u00ab\u00c9cologisation\u00bb des plans de d\u00e9veloppement urbain \u2022 Les syst\u00e8mes d eaux pluviales et de drainage et la gestion des d\u00e9chets (\u00e9gouts, municipaux, industriels) n\u00e9cessitent des am\u00e9liorations Migration induite par le climat \u2022 Soutien indirect \u00e0 l action sur les migrations induites par le climat \u2022 Les \u00e9valuations de la r\u00e9installation, de la r\u00e9installation et de l inclusion sociale de genre doivent \u00eatre explor\u00e9es \u2022 Sensibilisation aux impacts des migrations li\u00e9es au changement climatique sur les terres coutumi\u00e8res \u2022 Un \u00e9ventail de strat\u00e9gies et d activit\u00e9s est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire pour pr\u00e9parer la r\u00e9installation, y compris des consultations approfondies avec les migrants induits par le climat et leurs communaut\u00e9s d accueil; le NCCDMP stipule que le soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9installation des personnes devrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9, y compris par le biais de la planification et de la construction de b\u00e2timents et d infrastructures par le gouvernement local. Paludisme et maladies \u00e0 transmission vectorielle \u2022 Le paludisme est reconnu comme l une des cinq principales activit\u00e9s prioritaires du minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 \u2022 Des mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises pour d\u00e9truire et r\u00e9duire la reproduction des vecteurs du paludisme \u2022 La gestion de la sant\u00e9 environnementale est \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude \u2022 La politique d impact du changement climatique sur la sant\u00e9 est en cours de r\u00e9daction \u2022 Am\u00e9liorer les services de sant\u00e9 environnementale.", "answer": { "text": "Un soutien au projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7u pour cr\u00e9er un secteur des transports plus r\u00e9silient au changement climatique", "answer_start": 24 @@ -45063,7 +46407,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf", - "context": "education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar PV and other sustainable building features Tourism Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute Receives and acts upon relevant products Reviews and acts upon potential adaptive responses Training in climate change for hoteliers and tourism students at the Seychelles Tourism Academy Greater co-management of the sector by the Ministry of Tourism and Department of Risk and Disaster Management as well as with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Food Security Complete feasibility study", + "context": "To support the Description of Monitoring Plan VISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs Blue Economy Research Institute Scope out strengthening Institute needs Feasibility Study to cost climate change research activities by the Institute High speed networks to sectors Appropriate training Establishment of a national data hub Collaboration with local (e.g. the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation, Seychelles Meteorological Office), and overseas research partners Support innovative and research-based approaches to climate change education for both informal and formal education sectors and their staff Support enhancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education in schools at all levels Functional research Institute based at the University of Seychelles capable of attracting, retaining and funding postgraduate programmes in climate research with proactive links to all sectors including education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar PV and other sustainable building features Tourism Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute Receives and acts upon relevant products Reviews and acts upon potential adaptive responses Training in climate change for hoteliers and tourism students at the Seychelles Tourism Academy Greater co-management of the sector by the Ministry of Tourism and Department of Risk and Disaster Management as well as with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Food Security Complete feasibility study for a project to improve food and nutrition security Enhance human capacity development at Seychelles Agricultural Agency and Seychelles Fishing Authority Revitalise extension services and provide opportunities to study climate-smart and ecosystem-based approaches to agriculture and fisheries Programmes for sustainable industrial and artisanal fisheries, sustainable mariculture Promote home gardening, improve port infrastructure for artisanal and industrial fisheries, reduce illegal, unreported and unregulated activities; and support the insurance scheme for farmers and fishers More research needed regarding the impacts of climate change on Seychelles\u2019 fisheries, both industrial and artisanal, and more research will provide valuable A sustainable modern agriculture and fisheries supported by new and innovative technologies, investment, and by skilled and qualified human resources Integrated Blue Economy and Seychelles StrategicVISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs insights to guide adaptation strategies for the fishing sector Fast-track the blue-economy ambition and develop innovative and additive links with the Seychelles Strategic Plan 2015 Biodiversity Fast-track full implementation of Seychelles Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the new Biodiversity law Fully developed capacity for biosecurity including emphasis on invasive alien species Fully implemented Action Plan Fully implemented and enforced Biodiversity and Biosecurity Laws Fully bio-secure country borders Water Security Undertake a Water Security Review Fast-track improvements to water security by increasing efficiency of the system and reducing demand from consumers Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge-sharing and research Fully integrated approach to water security that addresses issues such as ecosystem health, waste management, water treatment and supply, sewage, agriculture, etc Energy Security Keep the options for diversifying electricity sources under continual review Explore more opportunities for the application of renewable energy technologies Plan to move critical infrastructure out of flooding/storm surge risk areas Replacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles where practicable and upgrading of infrastructure Collaboration with the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge- sharing and research More resilient energy base Greater use of renewable energy where practicable Optimum fuel-based fleet Strengthened cooperation between Government entities Health Actively managed health burden through improved research, response and planning Health sector able to respond to population increase and its climate- related health burden Waste Actively managed waste hierarchy Fast-track implementation of new waste policy Decommission landfills in flood risk areas Research and commercialisation of waste-based products Urgent completion of waste-to-energy feasibility studies Waste is managed according to strict hierarchy and waste policy fully implemented Decision taken on waste- to-energy Cost of priority mitigation actions The cost of achieving the reduction objective in 2030 has been estimated to be at least USD 309 million as detailed in Table 1.", "answer": { "text": "Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure", "answer_start": 225 @@ -45079,7 +46423,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC%20of%20Seychelles.pdf", - "context": "the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation, Seychelles Meteorological Office), and overseas research partners Support innovative and research-based approaches to climate change education for both informal and formal education sectors and their staff Support enhancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education in schools at all levels Functional research Institute based at the University of Seychelles capable of attracting, retaining and funding postgraduate programmes in climate research with proactive links to all sectors including education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar", + "context": "the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation, Seychelles Meteorological Office), and overseas research partners Support innovative and research-based approaches to climate change education for both informal and formal education sectors and their staff Support enhancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education in schools at all levels Functional research Institute based at the University of Seychelles capable of attracting, retaining and funding postgraduate programmes in climate research with proactive links to all sectors including education sector and their professional centres Critical Infrastructure Scope critical infrastructure needs Appropriate training Create clear linkages between responsible Government entities Develop a responsive education and awareness programme targeting infrastructure users Link to Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science, Technology and Innovation Instil reflexive monitoring Department of Risk and Disaster Management upgraded and linked in real time to the Seychelles Meteorological Service Improved road maintenance and repair Need to re-think basic philosophy to incorporate climate-smart designs Ensure prioritised with near, mid- and long term aims Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure Planning process for all new developments, with associated improvements in the building codes and their rigorous enforcement All new builds to incorporate rainwater harvesting, solar PV and other sustainable building features Tourism Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute Receives and acts upon relevant products Reviews and acts upon potential adaptive responses Training in climate change for hoteliers and tourism students at the Seychelles Tourism Academy Greater co-management of the sector by the Ministry of Tourism and Department of Risk and Disaster Management as well as with the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change Food Security Complete feasibility study for a project to improve food and nutrition security Enhance human capacity development at Seychelles Agricultural Agency and Seychelles Fishing Authority Revitalise extension services and provide opportunities to study climate-smart and ecosystem-based approaches to agriculture and fisheries Programmes for sustainable industrial and artisanal fisheries, sustainable mariculture Promote home gardening, improve port infrastructure for artisanal and industrial fisheries, reduce illegal, unreported and unregulated activities; and support the insurance scheme for farmers and fishers More research needed regarding the impacts of climate change on Seychelles\u2019 fisheries, both industrial and artisanal, and more research will provide valuable A sustainable modern agriculture and fisheries supported by new and innovative technologies, investment, and by skilled and qualified human resources Integrated Blue Economy and Seychelles StrategicVISION: Minimise impacts of climate change through sustained action at all levels of society Components Activities/Processes Outputs insights to guide adaptation strategies for the fishing sector Fast-track the blue-economy ambition and develop innovative and additive links with the Seychelles Strategic Plan 2015 Biodiversity Fast-track full implementation of Seychelles Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the new Biodiversity law Fully developed capacity for biosecurity including emphasis on invasive alien species Fully implemented Action Plan Fully implemented and enforced Biodiversity and Biosecurity Laws Fully bio-secure country borders Water Security Undertake a Water Security Review Fast-track improvements to water security by increasing efficiency of the system and reducing demand from consumers Link to the Blue Economy Research Institute and the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge-sharing and research Fully integrated approach to water security that addresses issues such as ecosystem health, waste management, water treatment and supply, sewage, agriculture, etc Energy Security Keep the options for diversifying electricity sources under continual review Explore more opportunities for the application of renewable energy technologies Plan to move critical infrastructure out of flooding/storm surge risk areas Replacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles where practicable and upgrading of infrastructure Collaboration with the National Institute for Science Technology and Innovation to optimise knowledge- sharing and research More resilient energy base Greater use of renewable energy where practicable Optimum fuel-based fleet Strengthened cooperation between Government entities Health Actively managed health burden through improved research, response and planning Health sector able to respond to population increase and its climate- related health burden Waste Actively managed waste hierarchy Fast-track implementation of new waste policy Decommission landfills in flood risk areas Research and commercialisation of waste-based products Urgent completion of waste-to-energy feasibility studies Waste is managed according to strict hierarchy and waste policy fully implemented Decision taken on waste- to-energy Cost of priority mitigation actions The cost of achieving the reduction objective in 2030 has been estimated to be at least USD 309 million as detailed in Table 1. Including the cost of energy efficiency measures such as building codes, standards and labels, and energy audits will increase the total cost of implementation.", "answer": { "text": "Climate change adaptation needs mainstreamed into all sectors with critical infrastructure", "answer_start": 164 @@ -45223,7 +46567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel", "answer_start": 194 @@ -45239,7 +46583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel", "answer_start": 133 @@ -45255,7 +46599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area", + "context": "Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.", "answer": { "text": "Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging", "answer_start": 157 @@ -45271,7 +46615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift", + "context": "The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double-Sector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in the Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Implement Montreal Protocol targets track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging", "answer_start": 136 @@ -45287,7 +46631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the", + "context": "A set of potential mitigation actions for conditional contributions are described in Table 5. Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc.", "answer": { "text": "Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging", "answer_start": 168 @@ -45303,7 +46647,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC_submission_20210826revised.pdf", - "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport", + "context": "Table 5: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Conditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 4114.3Sector Description Actions by 2030 energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for Power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System MW Grid-connected Solar-2277 MW, Wind-597 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW, Waste to Electricity- Coal power plant with Ultra super critical technology- Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (5613 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Bring down total T&D loss to a single digit by 2030 Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (15% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Modal shift from road to rail (25% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, new bridges etc. Purchase of modern rolling stock and signalingSector Description Actions by 2030 Industry Increase energy efficiency in Industry sub-sector Agriculture Enhanced use of solar energy in Agriculture Brick Kilns Enforcement and Improved technology use Residential and Commercial Enhanced use of energy- efficient appliances in household and commercial buildings F-Gases Further reduction of Ozone Depleting Gases Fugitive Emission Gas leakage reduction system for railway Electrification of the railway system and double- track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport (IWT) system (Improve navigation for regional, sub-regional, and local routes, improve maintenance of water vessel to enhance engine performance, introduce electric water vessel etc.)", "answer": { "text": "Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging", "answer_start": 154 @@ -45367,7 +46711,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In addition to a logistics sector covering national needs, Luxembourg takes advantage of its central location in Western Europe to maintain a logistics centre which serves international markets and which it promotes as part of its economic diversification policy.In order to reduce the carbon footprint of freight transport, the main areas of action to be pursued and implemented in a decarbonisation strategy to be established in cooperation with the sector169 include: Concerning freight distribution and last mile logistics: promoting clean vehicles, in particular the electrification of private fleets of light commercial vehicles or cargo bikes; setting up low/zero emission zones; massification of freight in one or more distribution centres to allow fine distribution capable of increasing the filling rate of vehicles and reducing movements; etc.", + "context": "A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019un secteur logistique couvrant les besoins nationaux, le Luxembourg profite de son emplacement central en Europe de l\u2019Ouest pour entretenir un centre logistique qui sert des march\u00e9s internationaux et qu\u2019il promeut dans le cadre de sa politique de diversification \u00e9conomique. Dans le but de r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte carbone du transport de fret, les principaux champs d\u2019action \u00e0 poursuivre et \u00e0 concr\u00e9tiser dans une strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation \u00e0 \u00e9tablir en coop\u00e9ration avec le secteur169 incluent : Concernant la distribution de marchandises et la logistique du dernier kilom\u00e8tre (\u00ab last mile \u00bb) : promouvoir les v\u00e9hicules propres, notamment l\u2019\u00e9lectrification des flottes priv\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers ou les v\u00e9los cargo ; mise en place de zones \u00e0 basses/z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions ; massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d\u2019augmenter le taux de remplissage des v\u00e9hicules et r\u00e9duire les mouvements ; etc.", "answer": { "text": "massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d\u2019augmenter le taux de remplissage des v\u00e9hicules et r\u00e9duire les mouvements", "answer_start": 119 @@ -45383,7 +46727,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to reduce the carbon footprint of freight transport, the main areas of action to be pursued and implemented in a decarbonisation strategy to be established in cooperation with the sector169 include: With regard to the distribution of goods and last mile logistics: promoting clean vehicles, in particular the electrification of private fleets of light commercial vehicles or cargo bikes; establishing low/zero emission zones; massifying goods in one or more distribution centres to allow fine distribution capable of increasing vehicle filling rates and reducing movements; etc.; With regard to the transport of goods over medium or long distances, in particular the import and export of goods: promoting modal shift to low-emission modes 165 The share of second-generation biofuels amounts to 50% of all biofuels consumed in Luxembourg in 2020.", + "context": "Dans le but de r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte carbone du transport de fret, les principaux champs d\u2019action \u00e0 poursuivre et \u00e0 concr\u00e9tiser dans une strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9carbonisation \u00e0 \u00e9tablir en coop\u00e9ration avec le secteur169 incluent : Concernant la distribution de marchandises et la logistique du dernier kilom\u00e8tre (\u00ab last mile \u00bb) : promouvoir les v\u00e9hicules propres, notamment l\u2019\u00e9lectrification des flottes priv\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules utilitaires l\u00e9gers ou les v\u00e9los cargo ; mise en place de zones \u00e0 basses/z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions ; massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d\u2019augmenter le taux de remplissage des v\u00e9hicules et r\u00e9duire les mouvements ; etc. ; Concernant le transport de marchandises \u00e0 moyenne ou longue distance, notamment l\u2019import et l\u2019export de marchandises : favoriser le report modal vers les modes de transport \u00e0 faible 165 La part de biocarburants de 2\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 50% de l\u2019ensemble des biocarburants mis \u00e0 la consommation au Luxembourg en 2020.", "answer": { "text": "massification de marchandises dans un ou plusieurs centres de distribution pour permettre une distribution fine capable d\u2019augmenter le taux de remplissage des v\u00e9hicules et r\u00e9duire les mouvements", "answer_start": 77 @@ -45495,7 +46839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "Energy sector, and more specifically actions on the electricity sector, mobility and construction Medium term (2030) 3 Developed by the Andorra Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3 research centre, 2022 \u2022 Reduction of 55% emissions not absorbed compared to the BAU scenario Medium term 2030 \u2022 Carbon neutrality Long term 2050It is planned to reduce energy intensity by at least 20%, with an increase in national electricity production (which will be more than 70% from renewable sources) of 33% of electricity demand.", + "context": "Sector energ\u00eda, y m\u00e1s concretamente acciones sobre el sector el\u00e9ctrico, la movilidad y la edificaci\u00f3n. A mediano plazo (2030) 3 Elaborado por el centro de investigaci\u00f3n Andorra Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3, 2022 \u2022 Reducci\u00f3n 55% emisiones no absorbidas respecto escenario BAU Medio plazo 2030 \u2022 Neutralidad en carbono Largo plazo 2050Se prev\u00e9 reducir la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica.", "answer": { "text": "Se prev\u00e9 reducir la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica", "answer_start": 50 @@ -45511,7 +46855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "In the medium term (2030) 3 Developed by the research centre Andorra Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3, 2022 \u2022 Reduction of 55% of unabsorbed emissions compared to the BAU scenario Medium term 2030 \u2022 Carbon neutrality Long term 2050It is planned to reduce energy intensity by at least 20%, with an increase in national electricity production (which will be more than 70% from renewable sources) of 33% of electricity demand.", + "context": "A mediano plazo (2030) 3 Elaborado por el centro de investigaci\u00f3n Andorra Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3, 2022 \u2022 Reducci\u00f3n 55% emisiones no absorbidas respecto escenario BAU Medio plazo 2030 \u2022 Neutralidad en carbono Largo plazo 2050Se prev\u00e9 reducir la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica. Tal y como se ha expuesto en el apartado de pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica, debido a la situaci\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica global, se ha reforzado el modelo energ\u00e9tico sobrio y se est\u00e1 trabajando para favorecer las modalidades de autoconsumo a partir fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables, con el objetivo de facilitar esta transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica que nos permitir\u00e1 reducir las emisiones de este sector.", "answer": { "text": "Se prev\u00e9 reducir la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 70% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica", "answer_start": 35 @@ -45687,7 +47031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane", + "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation", "answer_start": 107 @@ -45703,7 +47047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric", + "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation", "answer_start": 102 @@ -45751,7 +47095,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "13 Our country will continue to be open to international cooperation, and will seek strategic alliances in full respect of national sovereignty, that promote renewable energy.", + "context": "13 Nuestro pa\u00eds continuar\u00e1 abierto a la colaboraci\u00f3n internacional, y buscar\u00e1 alianzas estrat\u00e9gicas en pleno respeto de la soberan\u00eda nacional, que fomenten la energ\u00eda renovable. Se destaca en este rubro de cooperaci\u00f3n internacional la meta de integrar 40 GW de capacidad de energ\u00edas limpias, movilizando financiamiento clim\u00e1tico, en el marco de la consolidaci\u00f3n de una regi\u00f3n norteamericana pr\u00f3spera y sustentable con Estados Unidos y Canad\u00e1. Un ejemplo de ello es el Plan Sonora, ya en marcha, que busca la colaboraci\u00f3n binacional con Estados Unidos, y con los actores locales, en beneficio del pueblo de M\u00e9xico, su medio ambiente y en el marco de la lucha global contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico.", "answer": { "text": "la meta de integrar 40 GW de capacidad de energ\u00edas limpias", "answer_start": 33 @@ -45863,7 +47207,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism", "answer_start": 244 @@ -45879,7 +47223,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism", "answer_start": 183 @@ -45943,7 +47287,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all", "answer_start": 186 @@ -45959,7 +47303,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects;", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all", "answer_start": 9 @@ -45991,7 +47335,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "In order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the challenge is therefore to reverse this trend and to make every effort to decarbonise the mobility system. The efforts to be made will be very substantial, but will also bring important additional benefits such as better air quality, a reduction in road congestion, noise nuisance and the number of accidents, or a reduction or even elimination of storage capacities for petroleum products, thereby generating health benefits and improvements in the quality of life of citizens.", + "context": "Pour parvenir \u00e0 la neutralit\u00e9 climatique d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, le d\u00e9fi consiste donc \u00e0 inverser cette tendance et \u00e0 tout mettre en \u0153uvre pour d\u00e9carboniser le syst\u00e8me de mobilit\u00e9. Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens.", "answer": { "text": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re", "answer_start": 29 @@ -46007,7 +47351,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Although it is imperative that prices reflect the real costs147 of the various modes of transport, in particular through an appropriate fiscal policy, including taxation of fuels and vehicles, the development and implementation of solutions that encourage users to change their habits in terms of mobility are paramount.", + "context": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d\u2019accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacit\u00e9s de stockage pour produits p\u00e9troliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9 et des am\u00e9liorations de la qualit\u00e9 de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu\u2019il soit imp\u00e9ratif que les prix refl\u00e8tent les co\u00fbts r\u00e9els147 des diff\u00e9rents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d\u2019une politique fiscale appropri\u00e9e, incluant la taxation des carburants et des v\u00e9hicules, le d\u00e9veloppement et la mise en \u0153uvre de solutions incitant les usagers \u00e0 modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilit\u00e9 sont primordiaux.", "answer": { "text": "Les efforts \u00e0 consentir seront tr\u00e8s substantiels, mais apporteront \u00e9galement d\u2019importants avantages suppl\u00e9mentaires comme une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, une r\u00e9duction de la congestion routi\u00e8re", "answer_start": 0 @@ -46071,7 +47415,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "The implementation of the national energy efficiency in transport programme, mandatory technical inspection and eco-driving training are measures that contribute to achieving the objectives of the CBD. Table 8: Total investment costs of the transport subsector Revised CBD actions Investment costs Conditional Conditional Investment cost Total % Costs % Costs Implementation cost Green mobility programme Improvement of road infrastructure to reduce congestion in urban centres Source: CBD Support Project, September 2021 The total financial requirements in the transport subsector are estimated to result in a cumulative emission reduction of 9,960.04 Gg CO2-eq over the period 2020-2030 compared to a business as usual scenario through the projects listed in the annex. 5.1.1.3. Residential subsector Residential and commercial locations contribute to GHG emissions due to the level of energy consumption.", + "context": "La mise en \u0153uvre programme national d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le transport, le contr\u00f4le technique obligatoire et les formations en \u00e9co-conduite sont des mesures qui participent \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de la CDN. Tableau 8: Co\u00fbts d\u2019investissements total du sous-secteur transport Actions CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9es Co\u00fbts d\u2019investis sements Inconditionne l Conditionnel Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissem ent Total % Co\u00fbts % Co\u00fbts Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre Programme de mobilit\u00e9 verte Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021 Le montant total des besoins financiers dans le sous-secteur de transport est \u00e9valu\u00e9 engendrer une r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es de 9 960,04 Gg CO2-eq sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030 par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario \u00ab business as usual \u00bb \u00e0 travers les projets d\u00e9clin\u00e9s en annexe. 5.1.1.3. Sous-secteur r\u00e9sidentiel Les lieux de r\u00e9sidence et de commerce contribuent aux \u00e9missions des GES \u00e0 cause du niveau de consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 66 @@ -46087,7 +47431,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs identified in this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydropower Plant (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydropower Plant (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Urban Congestion Reduction Road Infrastructure Improvement (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (BTSD) Technology Action Plan Road Transportation Standards Implementation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IAPS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan (OATP) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 Water", + "context": "\u00af Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable, 2) r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 111 @@ -46103,7 +47447,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs arising from this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydroelectric Generating Station (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydroelectric Generating Station (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Improvement of Urban Congestion-Free Road Infrastructure (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (DTCB) Technology Action Plan Implementation of Standards for Road Transportation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IPAS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan 26,442 3,9663 30", + "context": "Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d\u2019inflation et de co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre, ce montant sera major\u00e9 de 15% du capital.", "answer": { "text": "Am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains", "answer_start": 84 @@ -46151,7 +47495,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf", - "context": "response measures by 2030 \u2022 Promote household and community-level adoption of practices that improve air quality, improve water safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission, while also reducing fuelwood use, such as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 \u2022 Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 \u2022 Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.", + "context": "\u2022 Strengthening of the institutional and legal situation at national and municipal levels; by 2025. o Include in the sectoral strategies and policies at the national level climate adaptation strategies and policies. HEALTH Adaptation Targets In the Health sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets to increase the ability of Liberian communities and health systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change: \u2022 Strengthen preventive measures to address health issues that are likely to be negatively impacted by climate change, such as disease transmission (outbreak), malnutrition and malaria prevalence, by implementing measures such as improving access to health services, environmental sanitation, and long-term food storage systems (Link to Agriculture sector) o Ensure that 80% of the rural population is within 5km of health service points by 2030. o Reduce malaria prevalence by 45% by 2030 \u2022 Train and deploy 1000 community health assistants, 500 environmental health technicians, and 250 specialists for referral facilities to understand the increased health risks due to climate change vulnerability and how to respond by implementing climate adaptation actions in the health sector by 2030.Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures \u2022 Establish 425 community health clubs to improve community-level health care and disseminate information on changing health risks to enhance the response to climate-related diseases by 2030 \u2022 Increase funding by $500,000 per year for research on climate-health nexus, including on the increased health vulnerabilities caused by climate change, the temporal, spatial and spectral aspects of meteorological data needed for healthcare purposes, and on the quality, level, and detail of healthcare data required for disease modelling to develop adequate response measures by 2030 \u2022 Promote household and community-level adoption of practices that improve air quality, improve water safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission, while also reducing fuelwood use, such as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 \u2022 Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 \u2022 Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.", "answer": { "text": "In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.", "answer_start": 416 @@ -46167,7 +47511,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Liberia's%20Updated%20NDC_RL_FINAL%20(002).pdf", - "context": "as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 \u2022 Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 \u2022 Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities. Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures \u2022 Continuation of road upgrading and construction o Risk mapping of climate stress vulnerability of transport infrastructure \u2013 future investment should be guided by such risk mapping.", + "context": "HEALTH Adaptation Targets In the Health sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets to increase the ability of Liberian communities and health systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change: \u2022 Strengthen preventive measures to address health issues that are likely to be negatively impacted by climate change, such as disease transmission (outbreak), malnutrition and malaria prevalence, by implementing measures such as improving access to health services, environmental sanitation, and long-term food storage systems (Link to Agriculture sector) o Ensure that 80% of the rural population is within 5km of health service points by 2030. o Reduce malaria prevalence by 45% by 2030 \u2022 Train and deploy 1000 community health assistants, 500 environmental health technicians, and 250 specialists for referral facilities to understand the increased health risks due to climate change vulnerability and how to respond by implementing climate adaptation actions in the health sector by 2030.Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures \u2022 Establish 425 community health clubs to improve community-level health care and disseminate information on changing health risks to enhance the response to climate-related diseases by 2030 \u2022 Increase funding by $500,000 per year for research on climate-health nexus, including on the increased health vulnerabilities caused by climate change, the temporal, spatial and spectral aspects of meteorological data needed for healthcare purposes, and on the quality, level, and detail of healthcare data required for disease modelling to develop adequate response measures by 2030 \u2022 Promote household and community-level adoption of practices that improve air quality, improve water safety and reduce the risk of disease transmission, while also reducing fuelwood use, such as water filters and improved cookstoves (Link to Forest and Agriculture sectors) o Conduct 40 training sessions on health risks of using firewood and other climate-related health risks by 2030 (Link to Forest sector) o Provide at least 170 water safety and purification kits to rural communities by 2030 \u2022 Develop climate health hazards risk mapping and area-based scenario planning for responding to climate health hazards and improve disease surveillance systems, preparedness and response capacity for the health consequences of climate change (e.g., heat-related illness, infectious diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, mental health, forced migration, chronic disease) by 2025 \u2022 Mobilize and sustain financial resources for national level engagement of the health sector that ensures project implementation by TRANSPORT Adaptation Targets In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities. Adaptation Actions and Policy Measures \u2022 Continuation of road upgrading and construction o Risk mapping of climate stress vulnerability of transport infrastructure \u2013 future investment should be guided by such risk mapping.", "answer": { "text": "In the Transport sector, Liberia commits to the following adaptation targets: \u2022 Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia o Ensure low-income population to reach jobs, education and healthcare services, improving their access to economic and social opportunities.", "answer_start": 384 @@ -46183,7 +47527,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LUX_LTS_2021.pdf", - "context": "Further incentives to be considered include the right to park free of charge in public places with a charge or to benefit from free public loading points. The public authorities must lead by example by electrifying their own fleets of vehicles or by charging electric vehicles through public service contracts. Since 2018, the acquisition of electric cars has been prescribed for state service or management cars, with the purchase of thermal vehicles being allowed only in very exceptional cases on the basis of a detailed justification162.", + "context": "Dans le souci de maintenir les frais de ravitaillement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des v\u00e9hicules thermiques161, il est important d\u2019assurer des prix de recharge avantageux. Des mesures incitatives compl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer consistent dans le droit de stationner gratuitement sur des emplacements publics payants ou de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de bornes de charges publiques gratuites. Les pouvoirs publics doivent montrer l\u2019exemple en \u00e9lectrifiant leurs propres flottes de v\u00e9hicules ou en imposant des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques par la voie de contrats de service public. Depuis 2018, l\u2019acquisition de voitures \u00e9lectriques est prescrite pour les voitures de service ou de direction de l\u2019Etat, l\u2019achat de v\u00e9hicules thermiques \u00e9tant seulement autoris\u00e9 dans des cas tr\u00e8s exceptionnels sur base d\u2019une justification d\u00e9taill\u00e9e162.", "answer": { "text": "Des mesures incitatives compl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer consistent dans le droit de stationner gratuitement sur des emplacements publics payants ou de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de bornes de charges publiques gratuites", "answer_start": 24 @@ -46215,7 +47559,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) \u0084 Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW \u0084 Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide.", + "context": "Increased awareness in homes enables food cost savings \u0084 Improved public health \u0084 Improved security for incinerator workers & neighborhoods \u0084 Better job conditions for EfW plant workers \u0084 Lower nuisance effects on individuals residing near the EfW facility Economic \u0084 Cost savings for commercial businesses and more customer profile insights for tailored offerings \u0084 Potential reduction in costs, capacity issues and adverse externalities experienced in the sector \u0084 Economic efficiency and resiliency gains from a more circular economy \u0084 Creation of additional raw material input into secondary economic markets \u0084 R&I in connection with change in biogas use and development of efficient waste sorting management processes \u0084 Indirect contribution to lowering food insecurity and malnutrition goals \u0084 Positive impacts on reaching national recycling targets Social \u0084 Change in household behavior requires more attention and effort, against time and space constraints \u0084 Potential disincentive for households to sort recyclable waste at source (from semi-mixed waste separation measure) Economic \u0084 Higher administrative burden on Local Councils \u0084 Higher cost of collection \u0084 Administrative burden \u0084 Change in demand for printing houses \u0084 Macroeconomic impacts from household behavior changes (e.g. purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) \u0084 Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW \u0084 Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide.", "answer": { "text": "Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices", "answer_start": 294 @@ -46231,7 +47575,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MLT_LTS_Nov2021.pdf", - "context": "purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security", + "context": "purchases, savings) Table 25: Impact Assessment for the Waste sectorMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy Measures Positive Impacts Negative Impacts \u0084 Electrification measures \u0084 Public Transport measures \u0084 Active Transport measures \u0084 Teleworking/ remote working Social \u0084 Health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution, potentially lower traffic accidents and more regular exercising \u0084 Increased flexibility for employees \u0084 Travel time reductions for individuals and businesses \u0084 Improved travel for non- vehicle owners, enabling social and economic participation \u0084 Enhancing the efficiency of local components of the TEN-T network \u0084 Facilitated access to cultural sites and improved preservation as a result of lower traffic emissions Economic \u0084 Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices Social \u0084 High upfront EV capital cost/ use might exclude some individuals from the personal vehicle ownership market \u0084 Risks for public safety in EV accidents \u0084 Waste management of EVs/ batteries \u0084 Security of supply issues for electricity and batteries (EVs) \u0084 Reduced social interaction (and linked mental/physical health effects and work engagement) resulting from TW/ RW \u0084 Higher costs for employees, and potential increased digital divide. Economic \u0084 Business costs in connection with EV transition adjustments \u0084 Potentially lower market competition in EV market and competitive distortions from public transport subsidisation \u0084 Negative knock-on effects on economic activity and employment in traditional personal car travel sectors \u0084 Additional tax/ charges burden on businesses and individuals, which can result to be of a regressive nature \u0084 Administrative requirements for management of any mechanism to disincentivise undesirable usage \u0084 Free public transport may disincentivise innovation/ competition in this market \u0084 Negative/ displacement effects on commercial activity of any location-specific disincentive scheme Table 26: Impact Assessment for the Transport sectorAnnexesMalta Low Carbon Development Strategy 6.1.", "answer": { "text": "Incremental investment in the EV market \u0084 Reduced traffic congestion contributing to economic productivity and competitiveness, investment/ employment/ job attractiveness and facilitating trade logistics \u0084 New R&I spurred in connection with EV transition implementation and efficient/ safe active transport infrastructure \u0084 Facilitation of labour geographical mobility and labour market matching efficiency \u0084 Possible reduced costs of operating and managing offices", "answer_start": 106 @@ -46391,7 +47735,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs identified in this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydropower Plant (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydropower Plant (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Urban Congestion Reduction Road Infrastructure Improvement (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (BTSD) Technology Action Plan Road Transportation Standards Implementation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IAPS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan (OATP) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 Water", + "context": "\u00af Pour le secteur Ressources en eau : 1) mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable, 2) r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface et 3) drainage gravitaire des eaux de pluies. Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars.", "answer": { "text": "Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers", "answer_start": 106 @@ -46407,7 +47751,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "Table 17 summarizes the costs of the needs arising from this assessment.Table 17: Technology Transfer Costs Sectors Proposed Technology Measure Investment ($ millions) Implementation Cost ( Total ($ millions) ENERGY Implementation of the Technology Action Plan Large Hydroelectric Generating Station (CHGP) Networked Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Action Plan Small or Mini Hydroelectric Generating Station (PMCH) Technology Action Plan Transportation Technology Action Plan Improvement of Urban Congestion-Free Road Infrastructure (AIRDCU) Technology Action Plan Bus Transit Development (DTCB) Technology Action Plan Implementation of Standards for Road Transportation AGRICULTURE Technology Action Plan Agricultural Land Management (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Technology Action Plan Integrated Agricultural Production System (IPAS) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Off-season Agriculture Technology Action Plan 26,442 3,9663 30", + "context": "Le tableau 17 r\u00e9sume les co\u00fbts des besoins issus de cette \u00e9valuation.Tableau 17: Co\u00fbts de transfert de technologie Secteurs Mesure technologique propos\u00e9e Investisseme nt (en millions de $) Co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre ( Total (en millions de $) ENERGIE Mise en \u0153uvre du Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Centrale Hydro\u00e9lectrique de grande puissance (CHGP) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie solaire photovolta\u00efque (PV) raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau (SPRR) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Petite ou Mini centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique (PMCH) TRANSPORT Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers AGRICULTURE Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie Am\u00e9nagement des Terres Agricoles (ATA) 2,818 0,4227 3,2407 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie Syst\u00e8me Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de production agricole (SIPA) 2,284 0,3426 2,6266 Plan d\u2019actions de la technologie de l Agriculture de contre saison (ACS) 26,442 3,9663 30,4083 RESSOURCES EN EAU Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie des Mini-adduction d\u2019eau potable 1,348 0,2022 1,5502 Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour la technologie r\u00e9habilitation des retenues d\u2019eau de surface Plan d\u2019actions technologiques pour le drainage gravitaire des eaux pluviales 1,066 0,1599 1,2259 Source : Projet d\u2019appui aux CDN, septembre 2021Le co\u00fbt total estim\u00e9 dans le plan d\u2019action EBT est de 57 ,812 millions de dollars. Il faut souligner que pour des raisons d\u2019inflation et de co\u00fbt de mise en \u0153uvre, ce montant sera major\u00e9 de 15% du capital.", "answer": { "text": "Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures routi\u00e8res d\u00e9congestionnant les centres urbains (AIRDCU) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie d\u00e9veloppement de transport en commun par le bus (DTCB) Plan d\u2019actions pour la technologie mise en place de normes pour les moyens de transports routiers", "answer_start": 79 @@ -46695,7 +48039,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "In addition, technical and economic options will be promoted that reflect differentiated needs and are equally accessible to men and women. Compliance with the commitment relating to the National Climate Change Plan for the Energy Sector will be advanced with own resources and support from strategic partners of international cooperation. Additional climate financial resources are required to promote and scale up other climate action measures in the areas of energy efficiency, electric mobility, use of photovoltaic solar panels/water heaters and sustainable construction, among others, to achieve the total emission reduction target set for 2030 and 2050.", + "context": "Adem\u00e1s, se promover\u00e1n opciones t\u00e9cnicas y econ\u00f3micas que reflejen las necesidades diferenciadas y sean accesible a los hombres y mujeres por igual. El cumplimiento del compromiso relativo al Plan Nacional de Cambio Clim\u00e1tico para el sector Energ\u00eda se adelantar\u00e1 con recursos propios y apoyo de socios estrat\u00e9gicos de la cooperaci\u00f3n internacional. Se requiere de recursos financieros clim\u00e1ticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en las \u00e1reas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcci\u00f3n sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.", "answer": { "text": "Se requiere de recursos financieros clim\u00e1ticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en las \u00e1reas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcci\u00f3n sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.", "answer_start": 51 @@ -46711,7 +48055,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN1%20Actualizada%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Panam%C3%A1.pdf", - "context": "Additional climate financial resources are required to promote and scale up other climate action measures in the areas of energy efficiency, electric mobility, use of photovoltaic solar panels/water heaters and sustainable construction, among others, to achieve the total emission reduction target set for 2030 and 2050. Adaptation-mitigation integration potential: While implementing GHG emission reduction measures, adaptation is advanced by including climate change risks in energy sector planning, increasing the resilience of the sector itself and security of energy availability in the face of extreme events, while impacting on the creation of green jobs. Ambition: Partially decarbonized resilient energy matrix and implemented technological innovations.", + "context": "Se requiere de recursos financieros clim\u00e1ticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en las \u00e1reas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcci\u00f3n sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050. Potencial de integraci\u00f3n adaptaci\u00f3n-mitigaci\u00f3n: A la vez que se implementan medidas de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones de GEI, se avanza en la adaptaci\u00f3n al incluir los riesgos por cambio clim\u00e1tico en la planificaci\u00f3n del sector energ\u00eda, aumentando la resiliencia misma del sector y la seguridad en la disponibilidad de energ\u00eda ante eventos extremos, a la vez que se incide en la creaci\u00f3n de empleos verdes. Ambici\u00f3n: Matriz energ\u00e9tica resiliente parcialmente descarbonizada e innovaciones tecnol\u00f3gicas implementadas.", "answer": { "text": "Se requiere de recursos financieros clim\u00e1ticos adicionales para promover y escalar otras medidas de acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica en las \u00e1reas de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, uso de paneles solares fotovoltaicos/calentadores solares de agua y construcci\u00f3n sostenible, entre otras, para lograr la meta de reducci\u00f3n de emisiones totales planteada a 2030 y 2050.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -46727,7 +48071,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of", + "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility", "answer_start": 145 @@ -46743,7 +48087,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can", + "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility", "answer_start": 125 @@ -46759,7 +48103,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing", + "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels", "answer_start": 240 @@ -46775,7 +48119,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing", + "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels", "answer_start": 220 @@ -46791,7 +48135,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU", + "context": "However, given the urgency of developing a Second NDC for Samoa, the Government of Samoa has used 2007 data throughout. 45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options", "answer_start": 253 @@ -46807,7 +48151,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf", - "context": "vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU", + "context": "45 Samoa\u2019s National GHG Inventory, 2007.Table 3.1: Mitigation targets, means, and requirements Sector Target46 Subsector Means Requirements Energy47 \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector by 30 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 53 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated)48 Electricity \u25aa Reach 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2025 \u25aa Implement and monitor energy efficiency programs \u25aa Implement grid stabilization and network loss reduction programs \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to reach its renewable electricity target \u25aa Samoa will need external financial support to implement energy efficiency projects, grid stabilization projects, and network loss reduction work Land transport \u25aa Electrification of vehicles \u25aa Shared electric micro mobility49 Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support electrification of vehicles and shared electric micro mobility Maritime transport \u25aa Develop shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport \u25aa Expand Samoa\u2019s efforts to install solar panels on vessels \u25aa Pilot the use of biodiesel on one of Samoa\u2019s freight or passenger vessels \u25aa Conduct studies to understand viability of low carbon maritime transport options \u25aa Samoa can develop shore side electricity supply for at-berth vessels and review energy efficiency in the sector without external financial support \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support to introduce renewable energy technologies to vessels \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options Tourism \u25aa Implement and monitor a program to support energy efficient appliances \u25aa Given the lack of visitors caused by COVID-19, Samoa\u2019s tourism sector will require grant funding and external financial support to adopt energy efficient appliances Waste \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector by 4 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 1.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Implementing landfill gas capturing technologies to Samoa\u2019s landfills \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to implement landfill gas capturing technologies AFOLU \u25aa Reduce GHG emissions in the sector by 26 percent in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 35.2 Gg CO e compared to the new reference year levels once the GHG emissions inventory is updated) \u25aa Improve agriculture practices through improved manure management and fertilizer use \u25aa Reforestation, forest restoration, and promoting agroforestry \u25aa Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to improve manure management, fertilizer use, support reforestation, forest restoration, and the expansion of agroforestry Note: Targets are informed by the emissions reduction potential of projects in the NDC Implementation Roadmap and NDC Investment Plan (including project pipeline), which has been developed alongside Samoa\u2019s Second 46 Samoa\u2019s last comprehensive GHG inventory was prepared in 2007. It monitored the years 2000 to 2007 for each sector.", "answer": { "text": "Samoa requires external financial support and technical assistance to support projects to scope and develop low-carbon maritime transport options", "answer_start": 233 @@ -46887,7 +48231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility,", + "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads", "answer_start": 715 @@ -46903,7 +48247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility,", + "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads", "answer_start": 710 @@ -46919,7 +48263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip", + "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)", "answer_start": 796 @@ -46935,7 +48279,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip", + "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards)", "answer_start": 791 @@ -46983,7 +48327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "The overall cost of this ambition is estimated at EUR 902 million, of which EUR 96 million is unconditional, i.e. 5%. 2 World Bank, ( 3 World Bank, ( Evolution of emissions and removals: Normal Course of Business (CNA) scenario) Figure.1: GHG emissions under the CNA scenario (KtCO2 Eq) The Union of the Comoros presents a carbon neutral net balance under the CNA scenario of approximately -1 260 ktCO2eq in 2030: the carbon sink offsets all emissions from other sectors.", + "context": "Ambition d\u2019att\u00e9nuation L\u2019union des Comores pr\u00e9voit, \u00e0 travers cette CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, une r\u00e9duction nette de ces \u00e9missions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d\u2019absorptions de CO2 de 47% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Le cout global de cette ambition est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 902 million d\u2019euro dont 96 millions d\u2019euro est inconditionnel soit 5%. 2 Banque mondiale, ( 3 Banque mondiale, ( Evolution des \u00e9missions et absorptions : sc\u00e9nario Cours Normal des Affaires (CNA) Figure.1 : \u00e9missions des GES suivant le sc\u00e9nario CNA (KtCO2 Eq) L\u2019Union des Comores pr\u00e9sente un bilan net, neutre en carbone, selon le sc\u00e9nario CNA, d\u2019environ -1 260 ktCO2eq en 2030 : le puits de carbone compense toutes les \u00e9missions des autres secteurs.", "answer": { "text": "Le cout global de cette ambition est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 902 million d\u2019euro dont 96 millions d\u2019euro est inconditionnel soit 5%", "answer_start": 44 @@ -47031,7 +48375,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/St.%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20Revised%20NDC_Updated.pdf", - "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to", + "context": "Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.", "answer": { "text": "637", "answer_start": 108 @@ -47095,7 +48439,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Spain_0.pdf", - "context": "\u25b6 Urban planning must be integrated with the transport sector.In 2030, as a result of measures envisaged in the IPCC, such as changing mobility patterns, increasing electrification and renewable fuels, it is planned to achieve a 28% share of renewable energy in transport-mobility, as well as a reduction in emissions of more than 30% in the same decade.The construction sector comprises the residential, commercial and institutional subsectors (for more details, see ANEXO C paragraph C.3. Sustainable building).", + "context": "\u25b6 La planificaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica deber\u00e1 integrarse con el sector del transporte. En el a\u00f1o 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificaci\u00f3n y los combustibles renovables, se prev\u00e9 alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energ\u00eda renovable en el transporte-movilidad, as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de m\u00e1s de un 30% en esa misma d\u00e9cada.El sector de la edificaci\u00f3n comprende los subsectores residencial, comercial e institucional (para m\u00e1s detalle, consultar el ANEXO C apartado C.3. Edificaci\u00f3n sostenible). Siguiendo el principio \u201cprimero, la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica\u201d la Comisi\u00f3n Europea propone la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en la edificaci\u00f3n como el primero de los bloques de medidas a acometer.", "answer": { "text": "En el a\u00f1o 2030, como resultado de medidas previstas en el PNIEC, como el cambio en los modelos de movilidad, el incremento de la electrificaci\u00f3n y los combustibles renovables, se prev\u00e9 alcanzar una cuota del 28% de energ\u00eda renovable en el transporte-movilidad, as\u00ed como una reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de m\u00e1s de un 30% en esa misma d\u00e9cada.", "answer_start": 11 @@ -47111,7 +48455,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030", "answer_start": 525 @@ -47127,7 +48471,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030", "answer_start": 464 @@ -47223,7 +48567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "The actions that will make it possible to achieve in the medium term (2030) the reduction of emissions for the 3 key sectors in terms of GHGs in Andorra are: Energy sector, and more specifically actions on the electricity sector, mobility and construction.", + "context": "Las acciones que han de permitir conseguir a mediano plazo (2030) la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones para los 3 sectores clave en cuanto a GEI en Andorras son: Sector energ\u00eda, y m\u00e1s concretamente acciones sobre el sector el\u00e9ctrico, la movilidad y la edificaci\u00f3n. En este sentido se prev\u00e9 reducir la intensidad energ\u00e9tica en un m\u00ednimo de un 20%, con un incremento de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica nacional (que ser\u00e1 de m\u00e1s del 75% proveniente de fuentes renovables) del 33% de la demanda el\u00e9ctrica. M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno.", "answer": { "text": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno", "answer_start": 82 @@ -47239,7 +48583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/20200514-%20Actualitzaci%C3%B3%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "More specifically, in the fuel combustion subsector, for road transport the reduction set is 50% of GHG emissions produced by inland transport. To this end, among some of the actions planned, it is established through Law 21/2018, of 13 September, to boost the energy transition and climate change, the reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20% by 2030.", + "context": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y del cambio clim\u00e1tico, la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030. En cuanto al sector de la edificaci\u00f3n, cualquier nueva construcci\u00f3n se dise\u00f1a y ejecuta para conseguir un edificio de consumo energ\u00e9tico casi nulo, tal y como tambi\u00e9n queda regulado per la Ley anteriormente referida.", "answer": { "text": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno", "answer_start": 0 @@ -47255,7 +48599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/20222410_Actualitzacio%20NDC.pdf", - "context": "Finally, it is planned to draw up an action plan in order to lay the foundations for the implementation of an energy-efficient model in the general administration and related entities. More specifically, in the fuel combustion subsector, for road transport, the reduction set is 50% of GHG emissions produced by domestic transport. To this end, among some of the actions planned, it is established through Law 21/2018, of 13 September, on the promotion of energy transition and climate change, the reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the percentage of electric vehicles in the national passenger car fleet to 20% by 2030.", + "context": "Por \u00faltimo, se prev\u00e9 la elaboraci\u00f3n de un plan de actuaci\u00f3n con el fin de sentar las bases que permitan la implantaci\u00f3n de un modelo energ\u00e9ticamente sobre en la Administraci\u00f3n general y entidades relacionadas. M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno. Para ello, entre algunas de las acciones previstas, se establece a trav\u00e9s de la Ley 21/2018, de 13 de setiembre, de impulso de la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y del cambio clim\u00e1tico, la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de GEI por el incremento del porcentaje de veh\u00edculos a propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica del parque automovil\u00edstico nacional de turismos hasta el 20% para el a\u00f1o 2030.", "answer": { "text": "M\u00e1s concretamente en el subsector de actividades de combusti\u00f3n de combustibles, para el transporte por carretera la reducci\u00f3n fijada es del 50% de las emisiones de GEI producidas por el transporte interno", "answer_start": 34 @@ -47271,7 +48615,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf", - "context": "identified the level of its greenhouse gas target limits by assessing the feasible targets for mitigation in each sector. To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia\u2019s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of", + "context": "Georgia also draws attention to the fact that 43.5% of the country\u2019s territory is covered by forests and aims to maintain and increase the GHG absorption and adaptation capacities of the forests.3 DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA\u2019S NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM OKATSE CANYON KHONI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia is fully committed to develop and operationalize the procedures and database for the archive system of the national anthropogenic emissions by national sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024; Georgia aims at developing the country-specific emission factors and activity data, where available, in order to address the recommended methods (tier levels) for the key source categories in accordance with the IPCC 2006 guidelines; Georgia recognizes the national circumstances, specifically absence of relevant historical data necessary for utilization of higher tier methodologies, and intends to use the splicing techniques suggested by the IPCC guidelines under the national inventory reports of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases, in order to ensure consistent time series and estimate missing emission values resulting from lack of activity data, emission factors or other parameters; Georgia is fully committed to develop QA as well as general and category-specific QC procedures for the estimation of levels of domestic anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024;Georgia is fully committed to adopt application procedures for verification techniques for the domestic anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases and operationalize them via the national inventory reports of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases by 2024; For the reporting year Georgia intends to report information on precursor greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), as well as sulphur oxides consistent with the air pollution emission inventory of Georgia.KARTLI WIND POWER PLANT GORI AND KARELI MUNICIPALITIES GEORGIA4.1 GOALS PER SECTOR Georgia has identified the level of its greenhouse gas target limits by assessing the feasible targets for mitigation in each sector. To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia\u2019s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of circular economy; By 2030 Georgia intends to increase the carbon capturing capacity through the forestry sector by 10% compared to 2015 level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC sets implementation period for Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan between 2021 and 2030 through identification of individual mitigation measures contributing to achievement of the sectoral goals.MKINVARTSVERI (MOUNT KAZBEGI) KAZBEGI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia has identified the following adaptation measures to be adopted as part of the National Adaptation Plan to achieve the goal set out in Nationally Determined Contribution: Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on coastal zone, mountain ecosystems and ecosystem services.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level", "answer_start": 396 @@ -47287,7 +48631,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf", - "context": "To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia\u2019s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of circular economy; By 2030 Georgia intends to increase the carbon capturing capacity through the forestry sector by 10% compared", + "context": "To achieve the goal set out in NDC , following sectoral targets should be adopted as the goals of Georgia\u2019s 2030 Climate Strategy and Action Plan: Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the industry sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services, in order to achieve 5% of emission limitations comparing to emissions projected by the reference scenario; By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the development of low carbon approaches in the building sector, including public and touristic buildings through encouraging the climate-goals oriented energy efficient technologies and services; By 2030 Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy generation and transmission sector by 15% from the reference level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development approaches of the agriculture sector through encouraging the climate smart agriculture and agritourism;Georgia\u2019s updated NDC supports the low carbon development of the waste sector through encouraging the climate-friendly innovative technologies and services and through effective implementation of separation practice and principles of circular economy; By 2030 Georgia intends to increase the carbon capturing capacity through the forestry sector by 10% compared to 2015 level; Georgia\u2019s updated NDC sets implementation period for Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan between 2021 and 2030 through identification of individual mitigation measures contributing to achievement of the sectoral goals.MKINVARTSVERI (MOUNT KAZBEGI) KAZBEGI MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAGeorgia has identified the following adaptation measures to be adopted as part of the National Adaptation Plan to achieve the goal set out in Nationally Determined Contribution: Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on coastal zone, mountain ecosystems and ecosystem services. In addition, Georgia intends to study the impact of climate change on glaciers, economic situation of the mountainous and coastal regions and livelihoods of the local population for the sustainable management of these regions; Georgia intends to assess the impact of climate change on the availability of groundwater and surface water resources for sustainable use in agricultural (irrigation), energy production and dwelling purposes in a long-term perspective; Georgia intends to assess and develop adaptive capacities for the agricultural productions that have the largest share in national GDP (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, Georgia plans to mitigate the GHG emissions from the transport sector by 15% from the reference level", "answer_start": 62 @@ -47447,7 +48791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf", - "context": "As a result of the agreements and commitments made during the process of formulating Ecuador's NDC (2019), the sectoral ministries directly linked to the management of adaptation to climate change are: Sectors Institutions (Ministries, Secretariats9) Strategic: Hydrocarbons, Mining and Electricity. Transport. Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources (MERNNR) Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP) Natural Heritage Ministry of the Environment (MAE) Water Heritage Secretariat (SENAGUA) Human Settlements Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MIDUVI) Food Sovereignty, Agriculture and Livestock. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) Health Ministry of Public Health (MSP) On the basis of this work, the following climate change adaptation measures have been identified and prioritized from a sectoral perspective.", + "context": "Como resultado de los acuerdos y compromisos asumidos durante el proceso de formulaci\u00f3n de la NDC de Ecuador (2019), los ministerios sectoriales directamente vinculados con la gesti\u00f3n de la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, son: Sectores Instituciones (Ministerios, Secretarias9) Estrat\u00e9gicos: Hidrocarburos, Miner\u00eda y Electricidad. Transporte. Ministerio de Energ\u00eda y Recursos Naturales no Renovables (MERNNR) Ministerio de Transporte y Obras P\u00fablicas (MTOP) Patrimonio Natural Ministerio del Ambiente (MAE) Patrimonio H\u00eddrico Secretar\u00eda del Agua (SENAGUA) Asentamientos Humanos Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (MIDUVI) Soberan\u00eda Alimentaria, Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda (MAG) Salud Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica (MSP) Sobre la base de este trabajo, se han identificado y priorizado las siguientes medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, desde una perspectiva sectorial.", "answer": { "text": "Ministerio de Transporte y Obras P\u00fablicas (MTOP)", "answer_start": 53 @@ -47495,7 +48839,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "the development and implementation of the National Low-Carbon Development Strategy; \u2212 The Ministry of Innovative Development is responsible for the introduction of green economy technologies; \u2212 The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; \u2212 The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; \u2212 The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; \u2212 The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; \u2212 The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the \"green\" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; \u2212 The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs.", + "context": "(b) Institutional mechanisms \u2212 The Center of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) is the National Focal Point for the UNFCCC and is responsible for fulfilling the country s commitments under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. \u2212 The following key ministries and agencies are involved in the preparation of the updated NDC: \u2212 The Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for interaction with the Green Climate Fund and attracting investments for NDC implementation; \u2212 The Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for the implementation of CDM projects, as well as for the implementation of the Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Transition to a Green Economy; \u2212 The State Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection is the Operational and Political Focal Point of the GEF, and is responsible for the allocation of GEF grant funds; \u2212 The Ministry of Energy, together with the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, is responsible for the development and implementation of the National Low-Carbon Development Strategy; \u2212 The Ministry of Innovative Development is responsible for the introduction of green economy technologies; \u2212 The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; \u2212 The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; \u2212 The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; \u2212 The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; \u2212 The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the \"green\" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; \u2212 The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs.", "answer": { "text": "The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness;", "answer_start": 266 @@ -47511,7 +48855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; \u2212 The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; \u2212 The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; \u2212 The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; \u2212 The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the \"green\" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; \u2212 The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs. (c) How the NDC preparation depends on the outcome of the Global Stocktake under Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Paris Agreement In accordance with Article 14.2 of", + "context": "\u2212 The following key ministries and agencies are involved in the preparation of the updated NDC: \u2212 The Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for interaction with the Green Climate Fund and attracting investments for NDC implementation; \u2212 The Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan is responsible for the implementation of CDM projects, as well as for the implementation of the Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Transition to a Green Economy; \u2212 The State Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection is the Operational and Political Focal Point of the GEF, and is responsible for the allocation of GEF grant funds; \u2212 The Ministry of Energy, together with the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, is responsible for the development and implementation of the National Low-Carbon Development Strategy; \u2212 The Ministry of Innovative Development is responsible for the introduction of green economy technologies; \u2212 The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the development and introduction of climate-resistant and water-saving technologies in agriculture; implementation of measures contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; \u2212 The State Committee of Forestry is responsible for the implementation of measures to prevent desertification, conservation and restoration of irrigated and rainfed lands, pastures and forest resources, including on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea; \u2212 The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; \u2212 The Ministry of Construction implements energy efficient and energy- saving innovative solutions in the construction of buildings; \u2212 The Ministry of Finance develops financial mechanisms to support the \"green\" economy; assesses the support received as part of the climate projects and programs; \u2212 The State Statistics Committee provides state agencies with statisticalinformation necessary for the preparation and implementation of the NDC; coordinates the work on the implementation of the National SDGs. (c) How the NDC preparation depends on the outcome of the Global Stocktake under Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Paris Agreement In accordance with Article 14.2 of the Paris Agreement, the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA) will conduct its first global inventory in 2023 and every 5 years thereafter, unless the CMA decides otherwise.", "answer": { "text": "The Ministry of Transport implements the gradual transition of public transport to natural gas and electric traction, and conducts measures to expand the production and use of vehicles with improved energy efficiency and environmental friendliness;", "answer_start": 226 @@ -47527,7 +48871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf", - "context": "The Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is committed to promoting and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples, including the right to self-determination, in accordance with the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, adopted by the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session.", + "context": "Lourdes Baltodano Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Mujer y la Igualdad de G\u00e9nero Ministra Margaud Godoy Oficina de Integraci\u00f3n y Asuntos Internacionales (OIAI) G\u00e9nesis Marcano Jimenes Ministerio del Poder Popular de Petr\u00f3leo Ministro Tareck El Aissami Direcci\u00f3n Ejecutiva de Ambiental de PDVSA Jos\u00e9 Acosta Tony Escalante Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Proceso Social del Trabajo Ministro Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Rivero Direcci\u00f3n de seguro Social, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevenci\u00f3n Social. Nelly Palacios Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud y Seguridad Laboral en el Trabajo, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevenci\u00f3n Social Oswaldo S\u00e1nchez Ministerio del Poder Popular para los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Ministra Roside Gonz\u00e1lez Viceministra de Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Mar\u00eda Soledad Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud Ministro Carlos Alvarado Viceministerio de Redes de Salud Colectiva Maricela Berm\u00fadez Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud Ambiental Coronel Luis Gotta Dorania Plaza Orietta Pulgar Gilfredo Polanco Gleny Meneses Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte Ministro Hip\u00f3lito Abreu.Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela Actualizaci\u00f3n de la Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada Acuerdo de Paris de la CMNUCC ACTUALIZACI\u00d3N DE LA CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N NACIONALMENTE DETERMINADA (CND) DE LA REP\u00daBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA \u00cdNDICE GENERAL EQUIPO COORDINADOR 4 ELABORACI\u00d3N DEL DOCUMENTO .4 MINISTERIOS DEL ESTADO PARTICIPANTES.4 \u00cdNDICE GENERAL .8 \u00cdNDICE DE TABLAS.11 2.1.", "answer": { "text": "Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte", "answer_start": 142 @@ -47543,7 +48887,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf", - "context": "The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Update of the Nationally Determined Contribution Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC Update of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela COORDINATION TEAM 4 DOCUMENT DEVELOPMENT.4 PARTICIPATING STATE MINISTERS.4 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.8 TABLES INTRODUCTION.11 2.1. THE UNITED NATIONS MARKET CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC). 21 2.2. THE KYOTO PROTOCOL 21 2.3.", + "context": "Nelly Palacios Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud y Seguridad Laboral en el Trabajo, adscrita al Viceministerio de Prevenci\u00f3n Social Oswaldo S\u00e1nchez Ministerio del Poder Popular para los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Ministra Roside Gonz\u00e1lez Viceministra de Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Mar\u00eda Soledad Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud Ministro Carlos Alvarado Viceministerio de Redes de Salud Colectiva Maricela Berm\u00fadez Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud Ambiental Coronel Luis Gotta Dorania Plaza Orietta Pulgar Gilfredo Polanco Gleny Meneses Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte Ministro Hip\u00f3lito Abreu.Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela Actualizaci\u00f3n de la Contribuci\u00f3n Nacionalmente Determinada Acuerdo de Paris de la CMNUCC ACTUALIZACI\u00d3N DE LA CONTRIBUCI\u00d3N NACIONALMENTE DETERMINADA (CND) DE LA REP\u00daBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA \u00cdNDICE GENERAL EQUIPO COORDINADOR 4 ELABORACI\u00d3N DEL DOCUMENTO .4 MINISTERIOS DEL ESTADO PARTICIPANTES.4 \u00cdNDICE GENERAL .8 \u00cdNDICE DE TABLAS.11 2.1. LA CONVENCI\u00d3N MARCO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE CAMBIO CLIM\u00c1TICO (CMNUCC) . 21 2.2. EL PROTOCOLO DE KYOTO 21 2.3.", "answer": { "text": "Ministro del Poder Popular para el Transporte", "answer_start": 71 @@ -47559,7 +48903,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", + "context": "Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2).", "answer": { "text": "It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030", "answer_start": 525 @@ -47575,7 +48919,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf", - "context": "2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", + "context": "2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). Figure 4.4.2: Emission reduction projections (Transport Sector) Fi gu re 4.", "answer": { "text": "It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030", "answer_start": 464 @@ -47591,7 +48935,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Figure 8: Changes in the sequestration potential of the Energy Sector for the years 2025, 2030, 2050 Source: SP/CNDD 3.1.3. Contribution of the Transport Sector to the Reduction of GHG Emissions For the Transport Sector, the GHG sequestration potential is presented in Table 5 below. Unconditional Scenario Conditional Scenario TotalTable 5: Contribution of the Transport Sector to the Reduction of GHG Emissions Source: SP/CNDD In the Transport Sector, unconditional actions and actions requiring (conditional) funding have GHG emission reduction potentials estimated at 1,210 Gg CO2eq and 267 Gg CO2eq respectively in 2025.", + "context": "Figure 8: \u00c9volution du potentiel de s\u00e9questration du secteur \u00c9nergie pour les ann\u00e9es 2025, 2030, 2050 Source : SP/CNDD 3.1.3. Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES Pour le secteur du transport, le potentiel de s\u00e9questration des \u00e9missions de GES est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ci-dessous dans le tableau 5. Sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Sc\u00e9nario conditionnel TotalTableau 5: Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES Source : SP/CNDD Dans le secteur du transport les actions inconditionnelles et les actions dont leur mise en \u0153uvre n\u00e9cessite une recherche de financement (conditionnel), ont des potentiels de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 1 210 Gg CO2eq et 267Gg CO2eq en 2025.", "answer": { "text": "267Gg CO2eq en 2025", "answer_start": 112 @@ -47607,7 +48951,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional scenario Conditional scenario TotalTable 5: Contribution of the transport sector to the reduction of GHG emissions Source: SP/CNDD In the transport sector, unconditional actions and actions whose implementation requires a (conditional) financing search have GHG emission reduction potentials estimated at 1,210 Gg CO2eq and 267 Gg CO2eq respectively in 2025. The total potential for CO2 sequestration in the sector is 1,477 Gg eq in 2025. The evolution of the different scenarios is shown in the figure below. Figure 9:", + "context": "Sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Sc\u00e9nario conditionnel TotalTableau 5: Contribution du secteur du Transport dans la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES Source : SP/CNDD Dans le secteur du transport les actions inconditionnelles et les actions dont leur mise en \u0153uvre n\u00e9cessite une recherche de financement (conditionnel), ont des potentiels de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES respectivement \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 1 210 Gg CO2eq et 267Gg CO2eq en 2025. Le total du potentiel de s\u00e9questration des \u00e9missions de CO2 dans le secteur est de 1 477 Gg eq en 2025. L\u2019\u00e9volution des diff\u00e9rents scenarii est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans la figure ci-dessous. Figure 9: \u00c9volution du potentiel de s\u00e9questration de GES du secteur du transport pour les Source : SP/CNDD 3.1.4.", "answer": { "text": "267Gg CO2eq en 2025", "answer_start": 60 @@ -47623,7 +48967,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2065", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf", - "context": "Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy THAILAND Submitted under the Paris Agreementii The COP, by its decision 1/CP 21, paragraph 35, invited Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement. _____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions", + "context": "Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy THAILAND Submitted under the Paris Agreementii The COP, by its decision 1/CP 21, paragraph 35, invited Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement. _____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand\u2019s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand\u2019s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand\u2019s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020.", "answer": { "text": "In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065", "answer_start": 51 @@ -47639,7 +48983,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2065", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf", - "context": "_____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand\u2019s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features", + "context": "_____________________________________________ In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065, while looking forward to enhanced international cooperation and support on finance, technology and capacity-building to achieve this ambition.iii Contents Thailand\u2019s Vision ii Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv Glossary of Abbreviations v Executive summary 2 Chapter 1: National Circumstances 1.2 National GHG Emissions Profile 13 1.3 Thailand\u2019s Climate Change Policy and Institutional Arrangement 19 Chapter 2: Thailand\u2019s Mitigation Actions 2.1 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 23 2.2 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 24 2.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 24 Chapter 3: Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development 3.1 Methodology for the Development of Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways 3.2 Long-term Sectoral emissions 36 3.3 Macroeconomic Impact Assessment 40 3.4 Co-benefits of Long-term Low Emissions 42 3.5 Thailand Carbon Neutrality 43iv List of Tables Table 1-1 Thailand\u2019s economic indicators 7 Table 1 2 Energy production by fuel type 2016-2019 11 Table 1-3 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2018 12 Table 1-4 Main features of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2018 13 Table 2-1 Mitigation measures under Thailand\u2019s NDC Roadmap (2021-2030) 25 Table 3-1 Sectoral classification in the Thailand\u2019s LEDS CGE Model 34 Table 3-2 Change of net present value of total energy system cost 42 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of the Kingdom of Thailand 4 Figure 1-2 Annual mean maximum temperatures in Thailand 5 Figure 1-3 Age structure of Thailand during 2020-2040 6 Figure 1- 4 Shares of solid waste generated, recycled, and disposed 9 Figure 1-5 Final energy consumption by fuel type 2020. 10 Figure 1-6 Share of final energy consumption by economic sectors 2020 10 Figure 1-7 The energy conservation target during the year 2010-2037 13 Figure 1-8 National GHG emissions/removals by sector 14 Figure 1-9 Total GHG emissions by sector (excluding LULUCF) 2000 and 2016 15 Figure 1-10 GHG emissions in the Energy sector in 2016 15 Figure 1-11 GHG emissions in the IPPU sector in 2016 16 Figure 1-12 GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-13 GHG emissions in the LULUCF sector in 2016 17 Figure 1-14 GHG emissions in the Waste sector in 2016 18 Figure 1-15 Structure of the National Committee on Climate Change Policy 20 Figure 1-16 The structure of domestic MRV system for GHG emissions reduction 21 Figure 2-1 Thailand\u2019s NAMAs implementation 24 Figure 2-2 GHG reduction potential in 2030 according to the NDC sectoral action plans 27 Figure 3-1 Preparation and approval process of Thailand\u2019s LEDS 30 Figure 3-2 Framework of Thailand\u2019s LEDS Development 31 Figure 3-3 Overview of the input of the AIM/EndUse model in developing Thailand\u2019s LEDS 33 Figure 3-4 An overview of the AIM/CGE Model for Thailand\u2019s LEDS 34 Figure 3-5 GHG emissions/removals by sector in 2005 \u2013 2050 in the BAU scenario 38 Figure 3-6 Thailand\u2019s long-term low greenhouse gas emission scenario.", "answer": { "text": "In line with the Paris Agreement, Thailand aims to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, with the ambition to move towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible within the second half of this century, and towards carbon neutrality by 2065", "answer_start": 1 @@ -47751,7 +49095,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rapport%20CDN_BKFA.pdf", - "context": "Burkina Faso, as part of its new ambitions, considered an unconditional and a conditional scenario. The country commits, in relation to its mitigation actions, to reduce its GHG emissions by 31682.3 Gg CO2eq by 2030, i.e. 29.42% compared to the Business As Usual scenario. This commitment is 21074.94 Gg CO2eq for the unconditional scenario, i.e. 19.60%, and 10557.91 Gg CO2eq for the conditional scenario, i.e. 9.82%.", + "context": "Le Burkina Faso, au titre de ses nouvelles ambitions, a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 un scenario inconditionnel et un scenario conditionnel. Le pays s\u2019engage, en rapport avec ses actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation, \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de GES de 31682,3 Gg CO2eq \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 soit 29,42% par rapport au scenario Business As Usual. Cet engagement est de 21074,94 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario inconditionnel soit 19,60% et de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%. Comparativement \u00e0 la CDN de 2015 qui \u00e9tait de 18,2%, l\u2019Etat burkinab\u00e8 a rehauss\u00e9 ses ambitions de 11,22%.", "answer": { "text": "de 10557,91 Gg CO2eq pour le scenario conditionnel soit 9,82%", "answer_start": 63 @@ -47767,7 +49111,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf", - "context": "National priorities, policies and programmes have been defined in terms of adaptation to climate change (UNDP Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, Preliminary NAP, etc.). b) Mitigation With regard to mitigation, Burundi had committed to a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BBS), corresponding to a 3% reduction (1,958 Gg ECO2) under its unconditional target and 20% (14,897 Gg ECO2) under its conditional target.", + "context": "Les besoins en adaptation identifi\u00e9s dans la CDN 2015 concernaient la foresterie, le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s humaines, institutionnelles, techniques et financi\u00e8res et le transfert des technologies. Des priorit\u00e9s, des politiques et des programmes nationaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis en termes d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PND Burundi 2018-2027, DOPEAE, PN- PA CC, PNA pr\u00e9liminaire etc). b) Att\u00e9nuation Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel.", "answer": { "text": "de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel", "answer_start": 103 @@ -47783,7 +49127,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20%20%20Burundi%20ANNEXE%201.pdf", - "context": "(b) Mitigation With regard to mitigation, Burundi had committed itself to a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BAU), corresponding to a 3% reduction (1,958 Gg CO2) under its unconditional target and a 20% reduction (14,897 Gg CO2) under its conditional target. According to the UNFCCC 2015, the establishment of the BAU referred to assumptions relating to the growth of the national economy (GDP), population growth and the rate of electrification contained in the above-mentioned documents. Some of these documents and many others developed served as the basis for the establishment of the BAU of the UNFCCC 2020.", + "context": "b) Att\u00e9nuation Concernant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, le Burundi s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 23% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (BAU), ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 3% (1 958 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif inconditionnel et de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel. Selon la CDN 2015, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du BAU s\u2019est r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 aux hypoth\u00e8ses en rapport avec la croissance de l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale (PIB), la croissance d\u00e9mographique ainsi que le taux de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification contenu dans les documents ci-haut cit\u00e9s. Certains de ces documents et bien d\u2019autres \u00e9labor\u00e9s ont servi de base pour l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du BAU de la CDN 2020.", "answer": { "text": "de 20% (14 897 Gg ECO2) dans le cadre de son objectif conditionnel", "answer_start": 50 @@ -47799,7 +49143,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "Gross PIUP Industrial Processes and Product Utilization PM Prime Minister NACC National Climate Change Adaptation Programme PV Photovoltaic RBT Biennial Transparency Report Republic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 SDN30 National Development Strategy to Date SNIGES National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System SPAND National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan TCN Third National Communication TdC Theory of Change UP Production Unit USD US Dollar ZAE Agroecological ZoneRepublic of Cameroon CDN Revised 2021 Summary Summary of Understandings of the CCD 2021 Type of Commitment GHG Reduction by Conditional and Unconditional Scenario Perimeter and GHG Covered National territory With the first 3 covered periods as main targets 2020 - 2030 Base Year (base year) Level of Commitment or Reduction of GHG Emissions The level of GHG re", + "context": "R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN Paix-Travail-Patrie CONTRIBUTION DETERMINEE AU NIVEAU NATIONAL - ACTUALISEE (CDN) NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION- UPDATED (NDC)R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 Table des mati\u00e8res R\u00e9sum\u00e9 1 Introduction 2 Circonstances nationales et positionnement strat\u00e9gique . 2 Vision du Cameroun pour les changements climatiques et processus de r\u00e9vision de la CDN . 10 Composante Att\u00e9nuation 11 4.1 \u00c9mission nationale de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre 11 4.2 Sc\u00e9nario Business As Usual (BAU) 12 4.3 Port\u00e9e et couverture des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation . 12 4.4 Les actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation retenues 13 4.4 Informations sur les efforts d\u2019att\u00e9nuation . 19 a) Mesures inconditionnelles . 19 b) Objectif Global (mesures inconditionnelles et conditionnelles) . 19 Informations n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la clart\u00e9, la transparence et la compr\u00e9hension de la CDN 19 Composante Adaptation 31 6.1 Les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019adaptation et la r\u00e9silience au Cameroun 34 6.2- Projets d\u2019adaptation 36 6.3 Projets sectoriels sensibles \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation 36 6.4 Programmes d\u2019adaptation incluant les projections li\u00e9es aux co\u00fbts d\u2019adaptation. . 38 Cadre de mise en \u0153uvre et de suivi (MNV) 40 7.1 Besoins en technologies. 45 7.2 Financement : besoin d\u2019appui financier pour la mise en \u0153uvre des composantes adaptation et att\u00e9nuation . 46 7.2.1 Besoins financiers en mati\u00e8re d\u2019att\u00e9nuation 46 7.2.2 Besoins financiers en mati\u00e8re d\u2019adaptation . 49 7.2.3 Mobilisation des ressources 49 7.3 Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s 51 Annexes 54 Annexe 1 : Liste des Projets d\u2019Adaptation 54 Annexe 2 : Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissement par secteur aux horizons 2025 et Annexe 3 : Planification budg\u00e9taire des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation (en millions de dollars) 57R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 Annexe 4 : Liste des mesures d\u2019Att\u00e9nuation 58R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 \u00b0C Degr\u00e9 Celsius APRUE Agence de Promotion et de Rationalisation de l\u2019Utilisation des Energies BaU Business as Usual BRT Bus Rapid Transit BUR Rapport Biennal Actualis\u00e9 CC Changements Climatique CCNUCC Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques CDN Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National CMA Conference of the Parties Serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CN Communication Nationale CNCC Comit\u00e9 National sur les Changements Climatiques CO2 Dioxyde de Carbone COP Conf\u00e9rence des Parties CPDN Contribution Pr\u00e9vue D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau National CTD Collectivit\u00e9 Territoriale D\u00e9centralis\u00e9e CVUC Communes et Villes Unies du Cameroun DFnP Domaine Forestier non Permanent DFP Domaine Forestier Permanent DSPL D\u00e9claration de Strat\u00e9gie de Lutte contre la Pauvret\u00e9 EE Efficacit\u00e9 Energ\u00e9tique ENR Energie Renouvelable FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Agriculture FCFA Francs de la Communaut\u00e9 Financi\u00e8re Africaine FEICOM Fonds Sp\u00e9cial d\u2019Equipement et d\u2019Intervention Intercommunal GES Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre GgEqCO2 Giga gramme Equivalent CO2 GIEC Groupe Intergouvernemental des Experts sur l\u2019Evolution du Climat GW Giga Watt Ha Hectare HFC Hydrofluorocarbure IGES Inventaire des Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre Km Kilom\u00e8tre kW Kilowatt LED DEL (Diode Electroluminescente) MINAC Minist\u00e8re des Arts et de la Culture MINAS Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales MINAT Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Administration Territoriale MINCOMMERCE Minist\u00e8re du Commerce MINDCAF Minist\u00e8re du Cadastre et des Affaires Fonci\u00e8res MINDDEVEL Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9centralisation et du D\u00e9veloppement LocalR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 MINDEF Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense MINEDUB Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education de Base MINEFOP Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle MINEPAT Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Economie de la Planification et de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire MINEPDED Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement de la Protection de la Nature et du D\u00e9veloppement Durable MINESEC Minist\u00e8re des Enseignements Secondaires MINESUP Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieure MINFI Minist\u00e8re des Finances MINFOPRA Minist\u00e8re de la Fonction Publique et de la R\u00e9forme Administrative MINHDU Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Habitat et du D\u00e9veloppement Urbain MINJEC Minist\u00e8re de la Jeunesse et de l\u2019Education Civique MINJUSTICE Minist\u00e8re de la Justice MINMAP Minist\u00e8re des March\u00e9s Publics MINMIDT Minist\u00e8re des Mines de l\u2019Industrie et du D\u00e9veloppement Technologique MINPMEESA Minist\u00e8re des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, de l\u2019Economie Sociale et de l\u2019Artisanat MINPOSTEL Minist\u00e8re des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications MINPROFF Minist\u00e8re de la Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille MINRESI Minist\u00e8re de la Recherche Scientifique et de l\u2019Innovation MINREX Minist\u00e8re des Relations Ext\u00e9rieures MINSEP Minist\u00e8re des Sports et de l\u2019Education Physique MINTSS Minist\u00e8re du Travail et de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale MNV Mesure, Notification, V\u00e9rification MRV Monitoring, Reporting, Verification MW M\u00e9ga Watt N2O Protoxyde d\u2019Azote NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODD Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable ONACC Observatoire National sur les Changements Climatiques ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale OSC Organisation de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile PCD Plan Communal de D\u00e9veloppement PIB Produit Int\u00e9rieur Brut PIUP Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits PM Premier Ministre PNACC Programme National d\u2019Adaptation au Changement Climatique PV Photo Volta\u00efque RBT Rapport Biennal de TransparenceR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 SDN30 Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 l\u2019horizon SNIGES Syst\u00e8me National d\u2019Inventaire des Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre SPAND Strat\u00e9gie et Plan d\u2019Action National pour la Biodiversit\u00e9 TCN Troisi\u00e8me Communication Nationale TdC Th\u00e9orie du Changement UP Unit\u00e9 de Production USD Dollar Am\u00e9ricain ZAE Zone Agro\u00e9cologiqueR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Synth\u00e8se des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de compr\u00e9hension de la CDN 2021 Type d\u2019engagement R\u00e9duction des GES par sc\u00e9nario conditionnel et inconditionnel P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et GES couverts Ensemble du territoire national Avec pour principaux cibles les 3 premiers P\u00e9riode couverte 2020 - 2030 Ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (ann\u00e9e de base) Niveau d\u2019engagement ou de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES Le niveau de r\u00e9duction de GES \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 est de 35% r\u00e9parti ainsi qu\u2019il suit : \uf0d8 23% dans un sc\u00e9nario conditionnel \uf0d8 12% inconditionnel Secteurs prioritaires couverts \uf0d8 AFAT (Agriculture, foresterie et autres affectations des terres) \uf0d8 Energie \uf0d8 D\u00e9chets Potentiel de R\u00e9chauffement Global (PRG) \uf0d8 M\u00e9triques : Potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement Global (PRG) conform\u00e9ment aux orientations du quatri\u00e8me rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation du GIEC (AR4).", "answer": { "text": "23% dans un sc\u00e9nario conditionnel", "answer_start": 878 @@ -47815,7 +49159,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf", - "context": "Revised 2021 NDS30 National Development Strategy Towards 2030 SNIGES National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System SPAND National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan TCN Third National Communication TdC Theory of Change UP Production Unit USD US Dollar ZAE Agroecological ZoneRepublic of Cameroon NDC Revised 2021 Summary Summary of Understandings of the NDC 2021 Type of Commitment GHG Reduction by Conditional and Unconditional Scenario Perimeter and GHG Covered Nationwide With the first 3 targets Covered Period 2020 - 2030 Base Year (base year) Level of Commitment or Reduction of GHG Emissions The level of GHG reduction to 2030 is 35% distributed as follows: \uf0d8 23% in a conditional scenario \uf0d8 12% unconditional Priority Sectors Covered \uf0d8 AFAT (Agriculture, Forestry and", + "context": ". 38 Cadre de mise en \u0153uvre et de suivi (MNV) 40 7.1 Besoins en technologies. 45 7.2 Financement : besoin d\u2019appui financier pour la mise en \u0153uvre des composantes adaptation et att\u00e9nuation . 46 7.2.1 Besoins financiers en mati\u00e8re d\u2019att\u00e9nuation 46 7.2.2 Besoins financiers en mati\u00e8re d\u2019adaptation . 49 7.2.3 Mobilisation des ressources 49 7.3 Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s 51 Annexes 54 Annexe 1 : Liste des Projets d\u2019Adaptation 54 Annexe 2 : Co\u00fbt d\u2019investissement par secteur aux horizons 2025 et Annexe 3 : Planification budg\u00e9taire des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation (en millions de dollars) 57R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 Annexe 4 : Liste des mesures d\u2019Att\u00e9nuation 58R\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 \u00b0C Degr\u00e9 Celsius APRUE Agence de Promotion et de Rationalisation de l\u2019Utilisation des Energies BaU Business as Usual BRT Bus Rapid Transit BUR Rapport Biennal Actualis\u00e9 CC Changements Climatique CCNUCC Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques CDN Contribution D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au Niveau National CMA Conference of the Parties Serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CN Communication Nationale CNCC Comit\u00e9 National sur les Changements Climatiques CO2 Dioxyde de Carbone COP Conf\u00e9rence des Parties CPDN Contribution Pr\u00e9vue D\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau National CTD Collectivit\u00e9 Territoriale D\u00e9centralis\u00e9e CVUC Communes et Villes Unies du Cameroun DFnP Domaine Forestier non Permanent DFP Domaine Forestier Permanent DSPL D\u00e9claration de Strat\u00e9gie de Lutte contre la Pauvret\u00e9 EE Efficacit\u00e9 Energ\u00e9tique ENR Energie Renouvelable FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Agriculture FCFA Francs de la Communaut\u00e9 Financi\u00e8re Africaine FEICOM Fonds Sp\u00e9cial d\u2019Equipement et d\u2019Intervention Intercommunal GES Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre GgEqCO2 Giga gramme Equivalent CO2 GIEC Groupe Intergouvernemental des Experts sur l\u2019Evolution du Climat GW Giga Watt Ha Hectare HFC Hydrofluorocarbure IGES Inventaire des Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre Km Kilom\u00e8tre kW Kilowatt LED DEL (Diode Electroluminescente) MINAC Minist\u00e8re des Arts et de la Culture MINAS Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales MINAT Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Administration Territoriale MINCOMMERCE Minist\u00e8re du Commerce MINDCAF Minist\u00e8re du Cadastre et des Affaires Fonci\u00e8res MINDDEVEL Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9centralisation et du D\u00e9veloppement LocalR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 MINDEF Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense MINEDUB Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education de Base MINEFOP Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle MINEPAT Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Economie de la Planification et de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire MINEPDED Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement de la Protection de la Nature et du D\u00e9veloppement Durable MINESEC Minist\u00e8re des Enseignements Secondaires MINESUP Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieure MINFI Minist\u00e8re des Finances MINFOPRA Minist\u00e8re de la Fonction Publique et de la R\u00e9forme Administrative MINHDU Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Habitat et du D\u00e9veloppement Urbain MINJEC Minist\u00e8re de la Jeunesse et de l\u2019Education Civique MINJUSTICE Minist\u00e8re de la Justice MINMAP Minist\u00e8re des March\u00e9s Publics MINMIDT Minist\u00e8re des Mines de l\u2019Industrie et du D\u00e9veloppement Technologique MINPMEESA Minist\u00e8re des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, de l\u2019Economie Sociale et de l\u2019Artisanat MINPOSTEL Minist\u00e8re des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications MINPROFF Minist\u00e8re de la Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille MINRESI Minist\u00e8re de la Recherche Scientifique et de l\u2019Innovation MINREX Minist\u00e8re des Relations Ext\u00e9rieures MINSEP Minist\u00e8re des Sports et de l\u2019Education Physique MINTSS Minist\u00e8re du Travail et de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale MNV Mesure, Notification, V\u00e9rification MRV Monitoring, Reporting, Verification MW M\u00e9ga Watt N2O Protoxyde d\u2019Azote NDC Nationally Determined Contribution ODD Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable ONACC Observatoire National sur les Changements Climatiques ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale OSC Organisation de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile PCD Plan Communal de D\u00e9veloppement PIB Produit Int\u00e9rieur Brut PIUP Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels et Utilisation des Produits PM Premier Ministre PNACC Programme National d\u2019Adaptation au Changement Climatique PV Photo Volta\u00efque RBT Rapport Biennal de TransparenceR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 SDN30 Strat\u00e9gie Nationale de D\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 l\u2019horizon SNIGES Syst\u00e8me National d\u2019Inventaire des Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre SPAND Strat\u00e9gie et Plan d\u2019Action National pour la Biodiversit\u00e9 TCN Troisi\u00e8me Communication Nationale TdC Th\u00e9orie du Changement UP Unit\u00e9 de Production USD Dollar Am\u00e9ricain ZAE Zone Agro\u00e9cologiqueR\u00e9publique du Cameroun CDN R\u00e9vis\u00e9e 2021 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Synth\u00e8se des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de compr\u00e9hension de la CDN 2021 Type d\u2019engagement R\u00e9duction des GES par sc\u00e9nario conditionnel et inconditionnel P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et GES couverts Ensemble du territoire national Avec pour principaux cibles les 3 premiers P\u00e9riode couverte 2020 - 2030 Ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (ann\u00e9e de base) Niveau d\u2019engagement ou de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES Le niveau de r\u00e9duction de GES \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 est de 35% r\u00e9parti ainsi qu\u2019il suit : \uf0d8 23% dans un sc\u00e9nario conditionnel \uf0d8 12% inconditionnel Secteurs prioritaires couverts \uf0d8 AFAT (Agriculture, foresterie et autres affectations des terres) \uf0d8 Energie \uf0d8 D\u00e9chets Potentiel de R\u00e9chauffement Global (PRG) \uf0d8 M\u00e9triques : Potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement Global (PRG) conform\u00e9ment aux orientations du quatri\u00e8me rapport d\u2019\u00e9valuation du GIEC (AR4). Les valeurs du Potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement Global PRG utilis\u00e9es sont : CO2 = 1 (par convention) CH4 = 25 ;N2O = 298 ; HFCs = 1.5 - 14 800.", "answer": { "text": "23% dans un sc\u00e9nario conditionnel", "answer_start": 714 @@ -47831,7 +49175,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2025", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf", - "context": "Thus, under the trend scenario, the evolution of sequestration greenhouse gas emissions over the same horizons is 730 714 GgCO2 and 733 607 GgCO2, respectively.2 The mitigation measures taken will, under the unconditional scenario, result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 9.03% and 11.82%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline, and under the conditional scenario 14.64% and 24.28%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline.", + "context": "Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une \u00e9volution des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de s\u00e9questration sur les m\u00eames horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. La CDN de la RCA s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte dur\u00e9e de vie (PCCVD), pour \u00e9largir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.", "answer": { "text": "et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 70 @@ -47847,7 +49191,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9e%20RCA.pdf", - "context": "Thus, under the trend scenario, the evolution of sequestration greenhouse gas emissions over the same horizons is 730 714 GgCO2 and 733 607 GgCO2, respectively.2 The mitigation measures taken will, under the unconditional scenario, result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 9.03% and 11.82%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline, and under the conditional scenario 14.64% and 24.28%, respectively, in 2025 and 2030 compared to the baseline.", + "context": "Il apparait ainsi, selon le scenario tendanciel, une \u00e9volution des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de s\u00e9questration sur les m\u00eames horizons est respectivement de 730 714 GgCO2 et 733 607 GgCO2. Les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation prises g\u00e9n\u00e9reront, selon le scenario inconditionnel, une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre respectivement de 9,03% et 11,82% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. La CDN de la RCA s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019inventaire existant des polluants climatiques de courte dur\u00e9e de vie (PCCVD), pour \u00e9largir le spectre des gaz couverts, en plus des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.", "answer": { "text": "et selon le scenario conditionnel 14,64% et 24,28% aux horizons 2025 et 2030 par rapport \u00e0 la situation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 70 @@ -47863,7 +49207,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "Other sources of vulnerability in the country are linked to: - an incidence of poverty4 which varies from island to island and appears to be higher in rural areas, - unemployment estimated at 3.7% in 2018 but affecting particularly young people (8.5%) and women (4.06%), - relatively high population growth (2.24 % in 2018)2 but which is nevertheless lower than that of GDP (3.43% in 2018)3. 2.1. Mitigation ambition The Union of the Comoros envisages, through this revised UNCCD, a net reduction of these GHG emissions, excluding LULUCF, of 23% and an increase in its net sink of CO2 removals of 47% by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario.", + "context": "Les autres sources de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 du pays sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 : - une incidence de la pauvret\u00e94 qui varie d\u2019une \u00eele \u00e0 l\u2019autre et qui semble plus forte dans les zones rurales, - \u00e0 un ch\u00f4mage estim\u00e9 \u00e0 3,7% en 2018 mais qui touche particuli\u00e8rement les jeunes (8,5%) et les femmes (4,06%), - \u00e0 une croissance d\u00e9mographique relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9e (2,24 % en 2018)2 mais qui est cependant inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle du PIB (3,43% en 2018)3. 2.1. Ambition d\u2019att\u00e9nuation L\u2019union des Comores pr\u00e9voit, \u00e0 travers cette CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, une r\u00e9duction nette de ces \u00e9missions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d\u2019absorptions de CO2 de 47% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019union des Comores pr\u00e9voit, \u00e0 travers cette CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, une r\u00e9duction nette de ces \u00e9missions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d\u2019absorptions de CO2 de 47% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.", "answer_start": 79 @@ -47879,7 +49223,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "The overall cost of this ambition is estimated at EUR 902 million, of which EUR 96 million is unconditional, i.e. 5%. 2 World Bank, ( 3 World Bank, ( Evolution of emissions and removals: Normal Course of Business (CNA) scenario) Figure.1: GHG emissions under the CNA scenario (KtCO2 Eq) The Union of the Comoros presents a carbon neutral net balance under the CNA scenario of approximately -1 260 ktCO2eq in 2030: the carbon sink offsets all emissions from other sectors.", + "context": "Ambition d\u2019att\u00e9nuation L\u2019union des Comores pr\u00e9voit, \u00e0 travers cette CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, une r\u00e9duction nette de ces \u00e9missions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d\u2019absorptions de CO2 de 47% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Le cout global de cette ambition est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 902 million d\u2019euro dont 96 millions d\u2019euro est inconditionnel soit 5%. 2 Banque mondiale, ( 3 Banque mondiale, ( Evolution des \u00e9missions et absorptions : sc\u00e9nario Cours Normal des Affaires (CNA) Figure.1 : \u00e9missions des GES suivant le sc\u00e9nario CNA (KtCO2 Eq) L\u2019Union des Comores pr\u00e9sente un bilan net, neutre en carbone, selon le sc\u00e9nario CNA, d\u2019environ -1 260 ktCO2eq en 2030 : le puits de carbone compense toutes les \u00e9missions des autres secteurs.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019union des Comores pr\u00e9voit, \u00e0 travers cette CDN r\u00e9vis\u00e9e, une r\u00e9duction nette de ces \u00e9missions de GES, hors UTCAT, de 23% et une augmentation de son puits net d\u2019absorptions de CO2 de 47% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.", "answer_start": 2 @@ -47895,7 +49239,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "The associated actions are improved collection, development of biogas and compost. Land use, land-use change and forestry The LULUCF sector is a key sector, accounting for CO2 removals in relation to tree growth (forest, arboriculture, agroforestry) but also generating emissions (wood harvesting, deforestation, burning). Mitigation actions targeting this sector will also contribute to strengthening the adaptive capacities of Comorian populations.2.5. Mitigation Effort The graph below illustrates the share of the mitigation achieved through the reduction of emissions outside LULUCF compared to a normal course of business (SFO) scenario. Over the period 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq of cumulative emissions are avoided by implementing mitigation actions.", + "context": "Les actions associ\u00e9es sont l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la collecte, le d\u00e9veloppement du biogaz et du compost. Utilisation des Terres, changement d\u2019affectation des terres et foresterie Le secteur UTCATF est un secteur cl\u00e9, il permet de comptabiliser les absorptions de CO2 en lien avec la croissance des arbres (for\u00eat, arboriculture, agroforesterie) mais il engendre aussi des \u00e9missions (collecte de bois, d\u00e9boisement, br\u00fblage). Les actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation visant ce secteur contribueront par ailleurs \u00e0 renforcer les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation des populations comoriennes.2.5. Effort d\u2019att\u00e9nuation Le graphique ci-dessous illustre la part de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation obtenue via la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions hors UTCATF par rapport \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario de cours normal des affaires (CNA). Sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es sont \u00e9vit\u00e9es par mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer": { "text": "Sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es sont \u00e9vit\u00e9es par mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer_start": 106 @@ -47911,7 +49255,7 @@ "target_type": "T_FL", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_Comores_vf.pdf", - "context": "Over the period 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq of cumulative emissions are avoided by implementing mitigation actions. Figure 3: Comparison of CNA and CDN scenarios for all sectors (excluding LULUCF) (in kt CO2eq) The additional removals from the CDN scenario actions in LULUCF are presented in the graph below. Over the period 2015-2030, 3 103 kt CO2eq of cumulative additional removals are allowed by implementing mitigation actions. Figure 4: Comparison of CNA and CDN scenarios for LULUCF and additional removals (in kt CO2eq) Finally, the graph below presents the evolution of emissions under the CDN scenario, showing that the country would remain a net carbon sink.", + "context": "Sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es sont \u00e9vit\u00e9es par mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation. Figure 3 : Comparaison des sc\u00e9narios CNA et CDN pour le bilan tous secteurs (hors UTCATF)(en kt CO2 eq) Les absorptions additionnelles obtenues gr\u00e2ces aux actions du sc\u00e9nario CDN dans le secteur UTCATF sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans le graphique ci-dessous. Sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2030, 3 103 kt CO2eq d\u2019absorptions additionnelles cumul\u00e9es sont permises par la mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation. Figure 4: Comparaison des sc\u00e9narios CNA et CDN pour l\u2019UTCATF et absorptions additionnelles (en kt CO2 eq) Enfin, le graphique ci-dessous pr\u00e9sente l\u2019\u00e9volution des \u00e9missions selon le sc\u00e9nario CDN, montrant que le pays resterait un puits net de carbone.Figure 5: Evolution des \u00e9missions et absorptions selon le sc\u00e9nario CDN (en kt CO2eq) 2.6.", "answer": { "text": "Sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2030, 843 kt CO2eq d\u2019\u00e9missions cumul\u00e9es sont \u00e9vit\u00e9es par mise en \u0153uvre des actions d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -47927,7 +49271,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20Georgia_ENG%20WEB-approved.pdf", - "context": "Contribution (NDC), as well as additional information to facilitate the clarity, transparency, and understanding of the contribution pursuant to the decision 4/CMA.1 in the frame of the COP 24.GEORGIA\u2019S UPDATED Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)Description of Georgia\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution National Circumstances and Institutional Arrangement Development of Georgia\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System 1.5 Ambition & Fairness 11 1.4 Scope & Coverage 10 2.3 Population & Vulnerable Groups 187.1 Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the Nationally Determined Contribution of Georgia 38 7.3 The current dynamics of Georgia\u2019s population 40 7.2 Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals 39 Mitigation Adaptation ANNEXES Gender and Climate Change in Georgia 4.1 Goals per Sector 281 DESCRIPTION OF GEORGIA\u2019S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION ALGETI NATIONAL PARK TETRITSQARO MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAThe goal of nationally determined contribution of Georgia is to support the sustainable and balanced development of the country, equally taking into consideration climate change, environmental and socio-economic challenges. The nationally determined contribution of Georgia is as follows: Georgia is committed to a target of 50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, in case of international support.", + "context": "GEORGIA\u2019S UPDATED Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)In accordance with the decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 24 of UNFCCC COP 21, Georgia is pleased to communicate its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), as well as additional information to facilitate the clarity, transparency, and understanding of the contribution pursuant to the decision 4/CMA.1 in the frame of the COP 24.GEORGIA\u2019S UPDATED Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)Description of Georgia\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution National Circumstances and Institutional Arrangement Development of Georgia\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System 1.5 Ambition & Fairness 11 1.4 Scope & Coverage 10 2.3 Population & Vulnerable Groups 187.1 Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the Nationally Determined Contribution of Georgia 38 7.3 The current dynamics of Georgia\u2019s population 40 7.2 Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals 39 Mitigation Adaptation ANNEXES Gender and Climate Change in Georgia 4.1 Goals per Sector 281 DESCRIPTION OF GEORGIA\u2019S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION ALGETI NATIONAL PARK TETRITSQARO MUNICIPALITY GEORGIAThe goal of nationally determined contribution of Georgia is to support the sustainable and balanced development of the country, equally taking into consideration climate change, environmental and socio-economic challenges. The nationally determined contribution of Georgia is as follows: Georgia is committed to a target of 50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, in case of international support.", "answer": { "text": "50-57% of its total greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990", "answer_start": 209 @@ -48007,7 +49351,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "- 2600 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Mines: - Unconditional: - 1,740 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 1,160 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Waste: - Unconditional: - 34 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 130 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional LULUCF: Biofuels: - Unconditional: - 2248 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 4480ktCO2 vs. unconditional Deforestation: - Unconditional: - 4200 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 22500 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Restoration: - Unconditional: 451 ktCO2/year vs. BAU - Conditional: - 17,605 ktCO2/year vs. unconditional Estimated Mitigation Level Outside", + "context": "Objectifs sectoriels Energie (production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9) : - Inconditionnel : - 2000 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 5 104 ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Transports : - Inconditionnel : - 2300 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 2600 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Mines : - Inconditionnel : - 1 740 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 1 160 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9chets : - Inconditionnel : - 34 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 130 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel UTCAFT : Biocombustibles : - Inconditionnel : - 2248 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 4480ktCO2 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel D\u00e9forestation : - Inconditionnel : - 4200 ktCO2/an par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 22500 ktCO2/an par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnel Restauration : - Inconditionnel : 451 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au BAU - Conditionnel : - 17 605 ktCO2/an s\u00e9questr\u00e9es par rapport au sc\u00e9nario inconditionnelNiveau d\u2019att\u00e9nuation estim\u00e9 Hors UTCAFT, la R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030. L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 215 @@ -48023,7 +49367,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The conditional objective (CDN+) is 3929 ktCO2 eq/year, i.e. 17.0% below the trend scenario, or an emission growth of 4% per year over the period 2020-2030. On LULUCF, excluding afforestation and reforestation (removals not taken into account), the Republic of Guinea sets its unconditional objective (CDN) to reduce its gross emissions by 20% below the trend scenario in 2030. The conditional objective (CDN+) is 49% below the trend scenario.", + "context": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030. Sur UTCAFT, hors actions de reboisement (absorptions non prises en compte), la R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 20% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions brutes en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel. L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 49% par rapport au scenario tendanciel. Co\u00fbts de mise en \u0153uvre des engagements Au moins 13,8 milliards USD La R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e conditionne une partie de sa contribution (CDN+) \u00e0 la mobilisation de moyens de financement comptabilisables au titre du M\u00e9canisme financier de la Convention.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -48039,7 +49383,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "Table 9: projected GHG emissions by sector in 2030 under the BAU, CDN and CDN+ scenarios (in kTCO2 eq) excluding LULUCF Sectoral Subdivision BAU scenario CDN Unconditional CDN+ Conditional Industry of which Households (excluding Other combustion gases Process The Republic of Guinea sets its unconditional target (CDN) of 2,056 ktCO2 eq/year, i.e. 9.7% reduction of its emissions in 2030 compared to the trend scenario, i.e. growth of emissions of 5% per year over the period 2020-2030 The conditional target (CDN+) is 3929 ktCO2 eq/year, i.e. 17.0% growth of emissions of 4% per year over the period 2020-2030 Figure 5: GHG emissions of all sectors excluding LULUCF,", + "context": "Tableau 9 : \u00e9missions de GES projet\u00e9es par secteur en 2030 selon les scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (en kTCO2 eq) hors UTCAFT Subdivision sectorielle Sc\u00e9nario BAU CDN Inconditionnel CDN+ Conditionnel Industrie dont M\u00e9nages (hors Autres gazs provenant de la combustion Processus La R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9tablit son objectif inconditionnel (CDN) \u00e0 2 056 ktCO2 eq/an soit 9,7% de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions en 2030 par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 5% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030. L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.Figure 5: \u00e9missions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCAFT, scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ Les scenarios de croissance des \u00e9missions de GES pour le secteur UTCAFT et les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation sont bas\u00e9s sur les donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du NERF 2021 et leurs projections, sur le plan national d\u2019investissement forestier, sur la strat\u00e9gie nationale biodiversit\u00e9 2016-2025, et sur les documents de politique sectorielles sur le bois-\u00e9nergie et la substitution de combustible.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 83 @@ -48055,7 +49399,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20GUINEE%202021_REVISION_VF.pdf", - "context": "The conditional objective (CDN+) is 3929 ktCO2 eq/year, or 17.0% above the trend scenario, or an emission growth of 4% per year over the period 2020-2030.Figure 5: GHG emissions from all sectors outside LULUCF, BAU, CDN and CDN+ scenarios The GHG emission growth scenarios for LULUCF and mitigation measures are based on the baseline data of the NERF 2021 and their projections, on the national forest investment plan, on the National Biodiversity Strategy 2016-2025, and on the sectoral policy documents on wood-energy and fuel substitution. Table 10: Deforestation rate and area deforested by BAU, CDN and CDN+ scenarios (ktCO2 ) according to the NERF Type of forest Area in hectares Percentage Deforestation rate BAU", + "context": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.Figure 5: \u00e9missions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCAFT, scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ Les scenarios de croissance des \u00e9missions de GES pour le secteur UTCAFT et les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation sont bas\u00e9s sur les donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du NERF 2021 et leurs projections, sur le plan national d\u2019investissement forestier, sur la strat\u00e9gie nationale biodiversit\u00e9 2016-2025, et sur les documents de politique sectorielles sur le bois-\u00e9nergie et la substitution de combustible. Tableau 10: Taux de d\u00e9forestation et surface d\u00e9forest\u00e9e selon les sc\u00e9narios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (kteqCO2 ) d\u2019apr\u00e8s NERF Type de for\u00eat Surface en hectares Pourcentage Taux de d\u00e9forestation Sc\u00e9nario BAU Sc\u00e9nario CDN Engagements inconditionnels Sc\u00e9nario CDN+ 2030 Engagements conditionnels Surfaces d\u00e9forest\u00e9es en ha \u00e0 horizon 2030 Tableau 11: Emissions de GES projet\u00e9es par secteur cumul\u00e9e d\u2019ici 2030 selon les scenarios BAU, CDN et CDN+ (en kTCO2eq) pour la totalit\u00e9 du secteur UTCAFT (d\u00e9forestation, reboisement, d\u00e9gradation) Secteur d\u2019\u00e9mission Sc\u00e9nario BAU Sc\u00e9nario CDN 2030 engagements inconditionnels Sc\u00e9nario CDN+ 2030 engagements conditionnels D\u00e9forestation cumul\u00e9e d\u2019ici 2030 \u00c9missions de GES tous secteurs hors UTCATF BAU Sc\u00e9nario Conditionnel Sc\u00e9nario inconditionnelReboisement cumul\u00e9 d\u2019ici 2030 (EX-ACT) D\u00e9gradation cumul\u00e9e d\u2019ici 2030 avec ou sans diffusion de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s Gaz butane rempla\u00e7ant le bois (GACMO) R\u00e9duction cumul\u00e9e par rapport au sc\u00e9nario BAU d\u2019ici Ainsi, pour le secteur UTCAFT, nous observons : Selon le sc\u00e9nario BAU (2030), une \u00e9mission brute de 314 175 kteqCO2 pour le secteur se r\u00e9partissant entre la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation ; Selon le sc\u00e9nario CDN, une \u00e9mission brute de 255 480 kteqCO2 sur la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation ainsi qu\u2019un potentiel de s\u00e9questration de 4 514 kteqCO2 pour le reboisement et de r\u00e9duction de 1417 kteq CO2 pour le gaz butane, soit une r\u00e9duction cumul\u00e9e de 64 695 eq.", "answer": { "text": "L\u2019objectif conditionnel (CDN+) s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 3929 ktCO2 eq/an, soit 17,0% par rapport au scenario tendanciel, soit une croissance des \u00e9missions de 4% par an sur la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -48199,7 +49543,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN-actualis%C3%A9%202021_%20Mauritania.pdf", - "context": "For example, Mauritania\u2019s updated CDN projects a net reduction in economy-wide GHG emissions of 11% in 2030 compared to the baseline scenario with the country\u2019s own resources supported by international support comparable to that received up to 2020. With greater support, Mauritania could ensure its carbon neutrality, up to a conditional reduction of 92% compared to the OAU. The total cost of this ambition is estimated at US$ 34255 million, of which US$ 635 million is unconditional, or 1.85%.", + "context": "Ce potentiel est constitu\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9norme gisement de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre, \u00e9olienne et solaire. Ainsi, la CDN actualis\u00e9e de la Mauritanie pr\u00e9voit une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 11% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec les moyens propres du pays soutenu par un appui international comparable \u00e0 celui re\u00e7u jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2020. Avec un appui plus cons\u00e9quent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralit\u00e9 carbone, allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU. Le co\u00fbt global de cette ambition est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 34255 Million US$ dont 635 Million US$ est inconditionnel soit 1,85%.", "answer": { "text": "Avec un appui plus cons\u00e9quent, la Mauritanie pourrait assurer sa neutralit\u00e9 carbone, allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de 92% conditionnelle par rapport au BAU.", "answer_start": 60 @@ -48215,7 +49559,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Moroccan%20updated%20NDC%202021%20_Fr.pdf", - "context": "For the 2010 base year, the base year emission level was 72,979 Gg CO2 equivalents. NA A net economy-wide reduction in GHG emissions of 18.3% in 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (BSC), with the country\u2019s own resources supported by international support compared to that received up to 2020. With greater support, Morocco could achieve an emission reduction of 45.5% compared to the BSC. The quantification of the baseline indicators was based on data from the national GHG emissions inventory to be reported in the Fourth National Communication.", + "context": "Pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010, Le niveau d\u2019\u00e9mission de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e9tait de 72 979 Gg d\u2019\u00e9quivalents CO2. NA Une r\u00e9duction nette des \u00e9missions de GES \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de 18,3% en 2030 par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (CNA), avec les moyens propres du pays appuy\u00e9 par un soutien international comparatif \u00e0 celui re\u00e7u jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2020. Avec un soutien plus cons\u00e9quent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA. La quantification des indicateurs de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence a \u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019inventaire national des \u00e9missions des GES qui sera communiqu\u00e9 dans la Quatri\u00e8me Communication Nationale. Une seule ann\u00e9e d\u2019objectif : 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Avec un soutien plus cons\u00e9quent le Maroc pourrait aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de 45,5% par rapport au CNA.", "answer_start": 59 @@ -48279,7 +49623,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revisee%20Haiti%202022.pdf", - "context": "This represents an increase from the initial NCD of 31%. Reduction of 1196 ktCO2e on an unconditional basis, representing a reduction of 6.32% from the baseline scenario. b. Sectors, gases, categories and basins covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, where appropriate, in accordance with the IPCC Guidelines. The NCD covers all anthropogenic emissions and removals from all sectors of the economy All sectors of the IPCC Guidelines covered by the national GHG inventory, namely Energy, Agriculture, Land Use, Waste, Coal Production and Biomass, are taken into account.", + "context": "Ce qui repr\u00e9sente une progression par rapport au CDN initial qui \u00e9tait de 31%. R\u00e9duction de 1196 ktCO2e de mani\u00e8re inconditionnelle, repr\u00e9sentant une r\u00e9duction de 6.32% par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. b. Secteurs, gaz, cat\u00e9gories et bassins couverts par la contribution d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au niveau national, y compris, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, conform\u00e9ment aux lignes directrices du GIEC. La CDN couvre l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9missions et absorptions anthropog\u00e9niques de tous les secteurs de l\u2019\u00e9conomie Tous les secteurs des lignes directrices du GIEC, couverts par l\u2019inventaire national de GES, \u00e0 savoir \u00c9nergie, Agriculture, Affectation des Terres, D\u00e9chets, Production de charbon et biomasse sont pris en compte.", "answer": { "text": "R\u00e9duction de 1196 ktCO2e de mani\u00e8re inconditionnelle, repr\u00e9sentant une r\u00e9duction de 6.32% par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence", "answer_start": 14 @@ -48327,7 +49671,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "\u2756 Unconditional Contribution The results of the analysis of sectoral reductions indicate that Togo can commit itself unconditionally to a reduction of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 20.51% by 2030, i.e. 6,236.02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13; Table 11). \u2756 Conditional Contribution In the proposed approach for the mitigation scenario, the Togolese State undertakes, if it receives the required support, to achieve an additional reduction of 30.06% in GHG emissions compared to the reference scenario by 2030, i.e. 9,305.59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), without jeopardising its policy of food self-sufficiency by proceeding in such a way as not to jeopardise its sustainable development.", + "context": "\u2756 Contribution inconditionnelle Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9ductions sectorielles indiquent que le Togo peut s\u2019engager dans une contribution inconditionnelle de r\u00e9duction de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de 20,51% \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 6 236,02 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 13 ; Tableau 11). \u2756 Contribution conditionnelle Dans l\u2019approche propos\u00e9e pour le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation, l\u2019Etat togolais s\u2019engage, s\u2019il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien requis, de r\u00e9aliser une diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de 30,06% des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire en proc\u00e9dant de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas compromettre son d\u00e9veloppement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des r\u00e9ductions globales des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u2756 Contribution globale De fa\u00e7on globale, la contribution du Togo s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9partie comme suit : \u2713 Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; \u2713 Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%.", "answer": { "text": "de r\u00e9aliser une diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de 30,06% des \u00e9missions de GES", "answer_start": 65 @@ -48343,7 +49687,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20Revis%C3%A9es_Togo_Document%20int%C3%A9rimaire_rv_11%2010%2021.pdf", - "context": "\u2756 Conditional contribution In the proposed approach for the mitigation scenario, the Togolese State undertakes, if supported, to achieve an additional 30.06% reduction in GHG emissions from the baseline scenario by 2030, i.e. 9 305.59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), without compromising its food self-sufficiency policy by proceeding in a manner that does not compromise its sustainable development.Figure 3: Trends in overall GHG emission reductions from the baseline scenario \u2756 Overall contribution Overall, Togo\u2019s contribution amounts to 50.57%, i.e. 15 378.55 Gg CO2-eq by 2030, broken down as follows: \u2713 Unconditional target: 20.51%; \u2713 Conditional target: 30.06%.", + "context": "\u2756 Contribution conditionnelle Dans l\u2019approche propos\u00e9e pour le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019att\u00e9nuation, l\u2019Etat togolais s\u2019engage, s\u2019il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien requis, de r\u00e9aliser une diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de 30,06% des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, soit 9 305,59 Gg CO2-eq (Figure 3), sans compromettre sa politique d\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire en proc\u00e9dant de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas compromettre son d\u00e9veloppement durable.Figure 3: Tendances des r\u00e9ductions globales des \u00e9missions de GES par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u2756 Contribution globale De fa\u00e7on globale, la contribution du Togo s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 50,57%, soit 15 378,55 Gg CO2-eq \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030 r\u00e9partie comme suit : \u2713 Cible inconditionnelle : 20,51% ; \u2713 Cible conditionnelle : 30,06%. Ces nouveaux engagements repr\u00e9sentent une progression par rapport aux CDN initiales et correspondent \u00e0 un niveau d ambition le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 possible, compte tenu des circonstances nationales conform\u00e9ment au paragraphe 3 de l\u2019article 4 de l\u2019Accord de Paris.", "answer": { "text": "de r\u00e9aliser une diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de 30,06% des \u00e9missions de GES", "answer_start": 18 @@ -48359,7 +49703,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "Unconditional and conditional mitigation targets Tunisia\u2019s unconditional contribution corresponds to a 27% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the 2010 base year, which is well above the first NDC or the unconditional effort was expected to generate only 13% reduction in carbon intensity. The conditional contribution allows for an additional 18% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the 2010 base year.", + "context": "Objectifs inconditionnels et conditionnels d\u2019att\u00e9nuation La contribution inconditionnelle de la Tunisie correspond \u00e0 une baisse de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de 27 % en 2030 par rapport \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010, ce qui est tr\u00e8s largement au-dessus de la premi\u00e8re CDN ou l\u2019effort inconditionnel devait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer seulement 13% de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone. La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010.", "answer": { "text": "La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010", "answer_start": 54 @@ -48375,7 +49719,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Tunisia%20Update%20NDC-french.pdf", - "context": "The conditional contribution allows for an additional 18% reduction in carbon intensity in 2030 compared to the 2010 base year. Figure 1: Carbon intensity trajectories according to Tunisia\u2019s conditional and unconditional contribution over the period 2010-2030 Tunisia\u2019s updated NCD mitigation contribution Tunisia\u2019s updated NCD 1.2 Coverage and scope Requirements for financing, capacity building and technology transfer necessary to achieve the NCD objectives Geographical coverage National territory as a whole % of national emissions covered by the 2010 emissions mitigation effort 100% of 2010 emissions Target sectors Energy (all sources and sectors), Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFAT) and Waste Target gases Equity and Ambition As a non-Annex 1 Party to the UNFCCC, Tunisia is committed to contributing to the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas", + "context": "La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010. Figure 1: Trajectoires de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone selon la contribution conditionnelle et inconditionnelle de la Tunisie sur la p\u00e9riode 2010-2030 \u0007 La Contribution Tunisienne actualis\u00e9e en mati\u00e8re d\u2019att\u00e9nuationCDN actualis\u00e9e de la TUNISIE 1.2 Couverture et port\u00e9e Besoins de financements, de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et de transfert de technologie n\u00e9cessaires pour l\u2019atteinte des objectifs de la CDN Couverture g\u00e9ographique Ensemble du territoire national % des \u00e9missions nationales couvertes par l\u2019effort d\u2019att\u00e9nuation 100% des \u00e9missions de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2010 Secteurs cibl\u00e9s \u00c9nergie (toutes les sources et secteurs), Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels, Agriculture, For\u00eat et Autres utilisations des Terres (AFAT) et D\u00e9chets Gaz cibl\u00e9s \u00c9quit\u00e9 et Ambition Partie Non-Annexe 1 de la CCNUCC, la Tunisie s\u2019engage \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019effort plan\u00e9taire d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES).", "answer": { "text": "La contribution conditionnelle permet une baisse additionnelle de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone en 2030 de 18 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 2010", "answer_start": 0 @@ -48391,7 +49735,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "It provides information on national circumstances, mitigation and adaptation measures and actions that need to be taken to achieve this goal. The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 18 3 ADAPTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Industrial Processes and Product Use\" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector", + "context": "It provides information on national circumstances, mitigation and adaptation measures and actions that need to be taken to achieve this goal. The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 18 3 ADAPTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Industrial Processes and Product Use\" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use\" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding LDN Land Degradation Neutrality NDC Nationally Determined Contribution MRV Monitoring, reporting and verification NACAG Nitric Acid Climate Action Group RCP Representative Concentration PathwaysEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uzbekistan joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 20, 1993.", "answer": { "text": "The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.", "answer_start": 21 @@ -48407,7 +49751,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BYE", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf", - "context": "The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 18 3 ADAPTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Industrial Processes and Product Use\" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use\" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information", + "context": "The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 5 2.1 Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding of the nationally determined contributions \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 2.2 Additional information on mitigation aspects in the Republic of Uzbekistan \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 18 3 ADAPTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4 WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026 25ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross domestic product RES Renewable energy sources HPP Hydro power plant HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons GCF Green Climate Fund COP Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CDM Clean Development Mechanism IFI International financial institutions NAP National adaptation plan GHGs Greenhouse gases GWP Global warming potential of greenhouse gases FBUR First Biennial Updated Report INDCs Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPPU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Industrial Processes and Product Use\" UNDP United Nations Development Programme PFCs Perfluorocarbons UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change AFOLU Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sector \"Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use\" SW Solid waste TPP Thermal power plant SDG Sustainable Development Goals ICTU Information needed for clarity, transparency and understanding LDN Land Degradation Neutrality NDC Nationally Determined Contribution MRV Monitoring, reporting and verification NACAG Nitric Acid Climate Action Group RCP Representative Concentration PathwaysEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uzbekistan joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 20, 1993. Uzbekistan prepared and submitted three National Communications, the First Biennial Update Report (2021) and the Inventory Reports for 1990-2017 in accordance with the UNFCCC requirements and guidelines.", "answer": { "text": "The Republic of Uzbekistan has increased its commitments in the updated natio nally determined contribution (NDC) and intends to reduce specific gree nhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 from the level of 2010 instead of 10% specified in the NDC1.", "answer_start": 0 @@ -48727,7 +50071,7 @@ "target_type": "T_BAU", "target_year": "2030", "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Mexico_NDC_UNFCCC_update2022_FINAL.pdf", - "context": "In a conditional manner, Mexico can increase its 2030 target to 40%, compared to its baseline in 2030, if international financing, innovation and technology transfer are scaled up, and if other countries, mainly the largest emitters, make huge efforts to meet the most ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement. Finally, the reduction target of 51% of black carbon emissions is ratified unconditionally in 2030, and 70% conditionally.", + "context": "De forma condicionada, M\u00e9xico puede aumentar su meta al 2030 hasta 40%, con respecto a su l\u00ednea base en 2030, si se escala el financiamiento internacional, la innovaci\u00f3n y transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica, y si otros pa\u00edses, principalmente los mayores emisores, realizan esfuerzos conmensurados a los objetivos m\u00e1s ambiciosos del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds. Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada. El escenario tendencial proyectado al 2030, sin intervenci\u00f3n de pol\u00edtica de mitigaci\u00f3n se cuantific\u00f3 en 991 MtCO2 e como punto de referencia para 2030.", "answer": { "text": "Finalmente, se ratifica la meta de reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de carbono negro de 51% de forma no condicionada en 2030, y 70% de forma condicionada.", "answer_start": 51 @@ -48887,7 +50231,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways,", + "context": "); - Promote climate-proofing buildings and infrastructure and increase their energy efficiency performance; - Revise existing building standards to ensure that new buildings are resilient, energy- efficient, have additional mitigation effects; - Contribute to the development of a robust project pipeline for climate-smart infrastructure. Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics.", "answer": { "text": "Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards", "answer_start": 157 @@ -48903,7 +50247,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable", + "context": "Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.", "answer": { "text": "Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards", "answer_start": 113 @@ -48919,7 +50263,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf", - "context": "path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", + "context": "Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc.", "answer": { "text": "Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change", "answer_start": 201 @@ -48983,7 +50327,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", + "context": "2 First NDC available at: SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations", "answer_start": 1020 @@ -48999,7 +50343,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf", - "context": "to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", + "context": "SUMMARY OF NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS Contributions for 2030 Conditions Climate Change Co-Benefits SDGs Energy Security By 2030, increase access to electricity to 100% nationwide Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Distributed renewable energy increases the resilience of the energy system to sea-level rise and extreme weather events \u2022 Domestically produced renewable energy is less vulnerable than imported fossil fuels to climate change-induced disruption of global supply chains Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide \u2022 Reduced demand for, and use and transport of, diesel fuel \u2022 Reductions of non-CO2 diesel emissions, e.g., black carbon, methane (see below) By 2030, increase electricity generation from renewable energy to more than 70% of total generation Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Meet Kigali Amendment HFC phase down commitments (in advance of schedule if possible) Conditional on access to means of implementation Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions of black carbon \u2022 Reduced emissions of HFCs \u2022 Reduced emissions of methane By 2030, reduce black carbon and methane emissions related to diesel electric generation by more than 65% below 2000 levels Conditional on access to means of implementation Undertake a national methane inventory and assessment of methane abatement opportunities Conditional on access to means of implementation Food Security By 2030, establish and/or strengthen farmer cooperatives across all four FSM States Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience to climate change impacts on local food production, including sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and changes in precipitation patterns \u2022 Increased resilience to price spikes and shortages of key food imports caused by climate change impacts on the global food system Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced shipping emissions due to a decreased reliance on food imports \u2022 Potential for increased production of coconut-derived biofuels to replace certain uses of fossil fuels By 2030, establish and support state-level farmer associations to provide training in climate-smart agriculture practices, and establish local seed banks Unconditional By 2030, improve market access for farmers by facilitating development of commercial agreements with local purchasers Unconditional By 2030, increase annual production of coconuts and coconut-based products to improve resilience of the food system to climate change impacts Conditional on access to means of implementationWater Security By 2030, provide universal access to clean drinking water through refurbishment of existing water infrastructure and extension of network to unserved and underserved areas Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of the local water supply to climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, storm surge, saltwater intrusion into freshwater lens, and more severe drought Ecosystems Management: Marine, Terrestrial and Coastal By 2030, effectively manage 50% of marine resources and 30% of terrestrial resources, including restricting commercial fishing in up to 30% of the FSM marine environment Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Increased resilience of fisheries to climate change impacts by improving sustainability, reducing by-catch, reducing IUU fishing, and providing protected areas for stocks to recover \u2022 Preservation of ecosystems services and livelihoods \u2022 Preservation of food supply/security \u2022 Improved capacity of governments and communities to respond to climate change impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved climate-resilience of livelihoods and businesses reliant on coastal and marine ecosystems \u2022 Improved flood resilience through protection of mangroves and implementation of other nature-based solutions \u2022 Reduction of coastal erosion \u2022 Improved resilience to more extreme droughts through water conservation / groundwater protection \u2022 Increased resilience of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands to climate change impacts Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduced emissions from fishing fuel \u2022 Less disturbance of land and ocean-based carbon sinks By 2030, develop non-entangling and biodegradable Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) to be used by all purse seine flag vessels in the FSM EEZ Unconditional By 2023, achieve full tuna fishery transparency, through electronic monitoring of all FSM-flagged longline fishing vessels Unconditional By 2030, develop Integrated Land Management Plans and Shoreline Development Plans to effectively protect and sustain terrestrial and coastal ecosystems Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, expand the number of Protected Areas and their coordination through Protected Area Networks Conditional on access to means of implementation Resilient Transport Systems By 2030, climate-proof all major island ring roads, airport access roads, and arterial roads Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Resilience to flooding from sea-level rise and king tides \u2022 Maintenance of public and commercial services during weather-related emergencies Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of emissions from idling vessels by reducing time spent waiting to dock \u2022 Reduction of emissions from large transportation idling vessels waiting to dock by incorporating renewable energy technology for powering their auxiliary equipment By 2030, complete climate-proofing of major ports (larger and more resilient docks meeting ISPS standards) Conditional on access to means of implementationPublic Health By 2030, establish a surveillance system, including a laboratory facility, to detect and monitor VBD, WBD, and FBD to enable rapid response and control of outbreaks Conditional on access to means of implementation Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Improved preparedness of the public health system to respond to VBD, WBD, and FBD outbreaks, which are projected to increase due to climate change By 2030, provide training in the detection and treatment of VBD, WBD, and FBD to all medical personnel and public health officials Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, equip all hospitals and other relevant medical facilities to receive and effectively treat patients suffering from VBD, WBD, and FBD Conditional on access to means of implementation Emergency Management & Response By 2025, complete an update of the National Disaster Response Plan Unconditional Adaptation Co-benefits \u2022 Enhancement of emergency management and disaster response to extreme weather events, including improved delivery of essential supplies and services (e.g., food, water, medical, transportation) \u2022 Improved monitoring of coastal erosion, sea level-rise, groundwater supplies, and other natural resources Mitigation Co-benefits \u2022 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from emergency response vessels By 2030, complete comprehensive nationwide GIS mapping Conditional on access to means of implementation By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations, incorporating renewable energy technology Conditional on access to means of implementation3. NATIONAL CONTEXT Geography, Political Organization, and Economy The FSM is an archipelagic nation in the Western Pacific Ocean.", "answer": { "text": "By 2030, update vessels and/or secure additional vessels for inter-state transportation and emergency response operations", "answer_start": 1015 @@ -49175,7 +50519,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in", + "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems", "answer_start": 209 @@ -49191,7 +50535,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).", "answer": { "text": "Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems", "answer_start": 109 @@ -49207,7 +50551,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.", "answer": { "text": "Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems", "answer_start": 109 @@ -49223,7 +50567,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", + "context": "Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g.", "answer": { "text": "Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", "answer_start": 183 @@ -49239,7 +50583,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation).", "answer": { "text": "Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", "answer_start": 83 @@ -49255,7 +50599,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf", - "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring", + "context": "Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade.", "answer": { "text": "Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs", "answer_start": 83 @@ -49271,7 +50615,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To ensure crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.", + "context": "\u2022 To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. \u2022 To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. \u2022 To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. \u2022 To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. \u2022 To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.", "answer": { "text": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency", "answer_start": 93 @@ -49287,7 +50631,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.", + "context": "\u2022 To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. \u2022 To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. \u2022 To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. \u2022 To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.", "answer": { "text": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency", "answer_start": 1 @@ -49351,7 +50695,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To ensure crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.", + "context": "\u2022 To guarantee crosscutting integration of water-related criteria in the formulation and implementation of climate change policies. \u2022 To guarantee the coherence between climate change and rural sustainable development policies, programs, and institutional agreements regarding deforestation and woodland degradation as a multifactorial problem in the three government levels. \u2022 To introduce climate change criteria for articulating and improving legislation, policies, and instruments that promote sustainable forest management. \u2022 To encourage inter-state and inter-municipal associations of producers and other technical public agents towards environmental management that is coherent at a landscape unit level. \u2022 To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency.", "answer": { "text": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency", "answer_start": 93 @@ -49367,7 +50711,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long-term_strategies/application/pdf/mexico_mcs_final_cop22nov16_red.pdf", - "context": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.", + "context": "\u2022 To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency. \u2022 To guarantee the consistency between instruments and programs of the agriculture, fishing, forestry, and urban sectors, in order to achieve synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and to avoid contradictory policy. \u2022 To encourage the evaluation of environmental impacts in sectoral programs and projects. \u2022 To strengthen existent epidemiological surveillance systems and to include the following in the design of actions for epidemiological attention: climate change related health impacts such as infectious intestinal disease; acute respiratory infections; food-poisoning related to phenomena like red tide; and attention to populations affected by disasters as hurricanes and flooding.", "answer": { "text": "To create and strengthen local institutions for the regulation and planning of regional and metropolitan transportation, particularly in terms of mobility, infrastructure optimization, transportation routes, and maximized efficiency", "answer_start": 1 @@ -49415,7 +50759,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "disaster response plans", "answer_start": 1121 @@ -49431,7 +50775,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "disaster response plans", "answer_start": 841 @@ -49447,7 +50791,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "disaster response plans", "answer_start": 841 @@ -49463,7 +50807,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", + "context": "Figure 6.2 below summarizes the funding requirements per sector associated with all identified adaptation interventions, estimated at 5.3 billion USD through 2030. Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance.", "answer": { "text": "disaster response plans", "answer_start": 318 @@ -49479,7 +50823,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts,", + "context": "Figure 6.2 Adaptation investment levels from the total 5.3 billion USD through 2030 Agriculture Water Cross-Sectoral Land and Forestry Human Settlement Health Transport Mining56 GREEN RWANDA Activity Intervention Uncon- ditional Condi- tional IWR planning and management Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Develop and implement a management plan for all Level 1 catchments Climate Resilient Value Chain Development Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Develop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Expand irrigation and improve water management Expand crop and livestock insurance Sustainable management of forestry and Agroforestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Wood Supply Chain, Improved Efficiency and Added Value Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Table 6.2 Estimated costs of adaptation interventionsUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Climate- sensitive Integrated Land Use Planning and Spatial Planning Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management Develop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Land Use and Spatial Planning High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Storm water and Drainage Management Storm water management 200,000,000 200,000,000 Vector-based disease prevention Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Sustainable, climate- resilient roads and bridges Improved transport infrastructure and services Climate compatible mining Climate compatible mining 29,645,336 29,645,336 DRR program (Disaster preparedness and emergency response) Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Disaster risk monitoring 10,000,000 10,000,000 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Finance (Resources mobilization) Access to finance 1,500,000 1,500,000 OVERALL COST (USD)58 GREEN RWANDA Monitoring, Reporting And Verification Framework 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation The successful implementation of Rwanda\u2019s NDC requires an effective Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, enabling the country to monitor the effectiveness of its mitigation and adaptation measures and facilitating its access to climate finance. Internationally, the implementation of an MRV system is the basis for understanding the current GHG emission levels, the ambition of the existing efforts, and the progress made in contributing towards the goals of the Paris Agreement.", "answer": { "text": "disaster response plans", "answer_start": 296 @@ -49511,7 +50855,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2", + "context": "Together we will build a green Rwanda and protect the planet. Dr. Jeanne d\u2019Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU \u2018Business as usual\u2019 BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 301 @@ -49527,7 +50871,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2", + "context": "Dr. Jeanne d\u2019Arc Mujawamariya Minister of Environment Republic of Rwandaiii UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Acronyms and Abbreviations AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use BAU \u2018Business as usual\u2019 BUR Biennial Update Report CBA Cost-benefit analysis CCL Ciment du Rwanda (CIMERWA) Limited CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CO Carbon dioxide CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent CoK City of Kigali DDS District Development Strategy DRR Disaster risk reduction EDCL Energy Development Corporation Limited EICV5 Fifth Integrated Household Living Survey ESSP Energy Sector Strategic Plan EV Electric vehicle FONERWA Rwanda Green Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GGCRS Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbon INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LEAP Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning LED Light emitting diode LFG Landfill gas LPG Liquefied petroleum gasiv GREEN RWANDA M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINEMA Ministry of Emergency Management MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC Ministry of Education MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MRV Measuring, Reporting and Verification Mt Million metric tonnes MW Megawatt NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NLUDMP National Land Use Development Master Plan NST National Strategy for Transformation ODS Ozone depleting substances PA Paris Agreement PoA Programmes of Action PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PV Photovoltaic RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RBME Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation REG Rwanda Energy Group Ltd REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RFA Rwanda Forestry Authority RHA Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMPGB Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RTDA Rwanda Transport Development Agency RURA Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority RWRB Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority SPCR Strategic Program for Climate Resiliencev UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION SREP Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program SSP Sector Strategic Plan SWH Solar water heater SWG Sector Working Group t Tonne TNC Third National Communication under the UNFCCC TWG Thematic Working Group UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States (US) dollar WASAC Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation Limited WtE Waste to Energyvi GREEN RWANDA Contents Forward i Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Contents vi Executive Summary 01 1.2 Outline of this document 09 2.2 Climate and climate change impacts 10 2.3 Environment and natural resources 11 03 Rwanda\u2019s Vision for Climate Change 17 04 NDC Revision Process 20 5.2 National GHG Inventory 24 6.2 Rwanda\u2019s impacts and vulnerability to climate change 45 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience 47 07 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Framework 58 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation 58 08 Means of Implementation 71 8.2 Capacity Building and technology transfer 72 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation 74UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Executive Summary Introduction This document presents the Government of Rwanda\u2019s update of its first Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation and adaptation for the period to 2030. The contributions described in this submission build upon Rwanda\u2019s existing NDC, new policies and national plans, and reflect subsequent work in developing quantifiable mitigation and adaptation targets, and the prioritization of interventions to support these two areas.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 290 @@ -49591,7 +50935,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "(SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million", + "context": "the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m\u00b3 / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.) MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 992 @@ -49607,7 +50951,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "(SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 712 @@ -49623,7 +50967,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "(SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million", + "context": "MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved crop management Develop sustainable land management practices (soil erosion control; landscape management) Area of Land under erosion control measures and used optimally MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 346.1 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use changes Percentage of arable land (to the land area) A Expand irrigation and improve water management Number of hectares under irrigation within IWRM framework MINAGRI/ MoE (RAB, NAEB, RLUMA, RWRB, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) A 2,261 million USD Efficient irrigation reduces nitrogen losses including emissions from nitrous oxide Expand crop and livestock insurance Ha of crops under insurance MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Banks, insurance companies, Private sector) B 109.6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved management of crop failure Number of cows under insurance B Land and Forestry Development of Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture (control soil erosion and improved soil fertility) Change in land area covered by agroforestry MINAGRI / MoE / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RLUMA, RFA, Private sector, Civil society) A 92 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONPromote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas Hectares of forest restored/ afforested in program area and hectares of protected forest in project/ program area MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 16.8 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Percentage of forest area (to the land area) A Improve Forest Management for degraded forest resources Number of Ha of private forest restored and whose owners are grouped into cooperatives MoE/ MINAGRI / MINALOC, (RAB, REMA, RFA, RLUMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 8.1 million USD Improved GHG sink capacity/ reduced emissions Number of Ha of forest plantation whose management is transferred to the private operators B Change in Forest area degraded/ rehabilitated B Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land management National land use development master plan (NLUDMP) that includes comprehensive measures and procedures for sustainable land use practices MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 60 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink Detailed spatial plans for all districts B % of compliance of land use development plans (LUDP) to the NLUDMP B 52 GREEN RWANDADevelop a harmonized and integrated spatial data management system for sustainable land use management Accurate data on exposure to climate vulnerability on households (HHs) and infrastructures in high risk areas reported MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, REMA, RFA, Districts, Private sector, Civil society) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and increased surface area for carbon sink Percentage of operational integrated geospatial information framework integrated with environmental and socio-economic statistics B Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure security Percentage of registered state land optimally used MoE / MINAGRI / MININFRA / MINALOC (RLUMA, RAB, RHA, RFA) B 5 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use and surface area for carbon sink Model linking land use/ administration in place B Human Settlements High density buildings and informal settlement upgrading Percentage of (1) urban population living in informal settlements, (2) rural population living in clustered settlements MININFRA/ MoE (RHA, RLUMA, RWRB, WASAC, Districts, Private Sector, RDB, Civil society) A 400 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from efficient land use, electricity and transport plus increased surface area for carbon sink B Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open and green space for public use for all (SDG) B Access to water and sanitation services B Storm water management Percentage of urban population in areas covered by master plans with storm water considerations B 400 million USD Sustenance of new and existing hydropower plants UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONHealth Strengthen preventive measures and create capacity to adapt to disease outbreaks Malaria proportional mortality rate per 1,000 population MINISANTE, (RBC, Meteo Rwanda, Civil society) A 185 million USD Challenging to evaluate the several factors for health related GHG emissions Improved transport infrastructure and services Environmental and engineering guidelines developed (for climate resilient road infrastructure) MININFRA / MINEMA ( RTDA, RHA, Meteo Rwanda; Districts) B 600 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved transport services which reduces motorized private transport Reduction of length of roads vulnerable to flood and landslides B Number of passengers using the public transport each year MININFRA (RTDA, Private Sector) B Mining Climate compatible mining Percentage of companies deploying climate compatible mining MoE/ MINICOM (RMB, Private Sector, Civil society) B 59.3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from energy efficiency measures Cross-cutting 21 Disaster risk monitoring Population covered by Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs MINEMA / MoE (Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RWRB, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR) B 20 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from community-based DRR programs such as improved farming techniques Number of effective city contingency plans developed B Establish an integrated early warning system, and disaster response plans Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 minutes in advance A 10 million USD Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector NDC implementation Number of staff who acquired technical skills to effectively coordinate and report on NDC implementation MoE (REMA and other NDC participating sectors) B 6 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved access to technology and knowledge Access to finance (Resource mobilisation) Cumulative volume of finance [USD millions] mobilized for climate and environmental purposes MINECOFIN / MoE (FONERWA, REMA and other NDC participating sectors) A 3 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from NDCs projects implementation 54 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.4 Funding requirements The cost estimates for adaptation interventions was made for the two phases, i.e. 2020-2025 and 2025-2030. Estimates were made by referring to different planning documents, among others, the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1: 2017-2024), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and the cost of other similar projects.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 712 @@ -49639,7 +50983,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "and methods & procedures: to compile NDC MRV results. \u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA", + "context": "and methods & procedures: to compile NDC MRV results. \u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover].", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 89 @@ -49655,7 +50999,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of", + "context": "\u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area.", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 80 @@ -49671,7 +51015,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "\u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of", + "context": "\u2022 Ultimate level for endorsement of NDC MRV and communicates the results for upstream NDC MRV based policy and strategic decision making \u2022 Institutional Strengthening and capacity building and training and facilitating linkages through a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process and jointly define the political, strategic, and tactical elements of the NDC MRV systemUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Mitigation MININFRA Energy and related indicators REG REMA, RHA, RDB, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, MINALOC, RSB, MINISANTE, private sector, civil society Transport, related inidcators RTDA RURA, MINALOC, CoK, MINECOFIN, Rwanda Green Fund, operators, REMA, MoE, Private sector transport operators, financial institutions, civil society Waste relevant indicators MINALOC Municipalities, CoK and districts RURA, RHA, MoE, REMA, Private sector, NGOs, Civil Society, WASAC, REG, MINEACOM, MINAGRI, RDB, civil society MINICOM IPPU related indicators MINICOM MINECOFIN, MINAGRI,, MoE, REMA, FONERWA, WASAC, NIRDA,RDB, REG, MINALOC, Private sector, civil society MINAGRI AFOLU (agriculture) related indicators RAB and RFA REMA, RFA, RURA, Private Sector, civil society, WASAC, higher learning and research institutions Adaptation Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MoE Percentage change in national climate change vulnerability index REMA All productive and social sectors/institutions of the Rwanda economy MINALOC/ MoE/MINEMA Number and Percentage of districts at high risk of suffering major climate change effect REMA MINEMA Average level of satisfaction of major Weather and Climate information institutional users with METEO RWANDA Weather and Climate information Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWRB) Water storage per capita RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC Number (%) of (a) Households, and (b) Institutions with a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system installed.66 GREEN RWANDA MoE Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.)", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 80 @@ -49687,7 +51031,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR,", + "context": "RFA REMA, Rwanda Green Fund, RAB, RLUMA, civil society, districts, Private Sector, MINALOC MINEMA Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo MoE, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Finance and support (Capacity building and technical support including technology transfer) Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MINECOFIN Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category \u2013 Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC).", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 142 @@ -49703,7 +51047,7 @@ "target_type": null, "target_year": null, "url": "https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf", - "context": "Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE,", + "context": "Rwanda Green Fund MOE, REMA Rwanda Development Board (RDB) Capacity building technical support and technology transfer REMA MoE/FONERWA and all NDC supporting institutions and organizations High level National/Global indicators planned to harmonize reporting on climate adaptation/ resilience Line Ministry Activity/Indicator Lead Agency Key stakeholders MININFRA Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (SDG RTDA MINECOFIN, MINALOC and Districts MINISANTE/ MINAGRI Percentage of health centres with at least one food and nutrition outreach programme; ECDC/RAB NISR MINEMA Annual loss due to damage caused by weather-related hazards / number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (SDG 13.1.1); Rwanda Meteo MoE RAB, REMA, MINALOC, MININFRA, NISR, UR, MINEDUC, RDF, RNP, civil society Number of people with access to improved climate-related early warning information or systems for extreme weather events MINEMA MINAGRI Change in climate sensitive agricultural production / Proportion of agriculture land protected against erosion (NDC); RAB/RWRB NAEB, MINALOC, Districts, REMA, RWFA, RLUMA, Private Sector, civil societyUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION RWRB Freshwater withdrawal rate / National Water Security Plan to employ water storage and rain water harvesting, water conservation practices, efficient irrigation established and operational (NDC). RWRB MoE, MINAGRI, UR/ CAVM, MININFRA, Meteo Rwanda, REMA, RAB, civil society, WASAC, PSF, RLUMA, City of Kigali and MINALOC MINISANTE Change of malaria hazards; RBC MINAGRI, MINALOC, MINEMA, Meteo Rwanda, civil society MINECOFIN Specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management (SDG 13.B.1).", "answer": { "text": "RTDA", "answer_start": 60